Introduction

This file "modul spread sheet" replaces the previously released "general spread sheet", as well as
the tables described in the book "DEWATS - Decentralised Wastewater Treatment in Developing
Countries" by Ludwig Sasse, published by BORDA in 1998. It is available from BORDA. The content
of this book should be well understood before using the calculations in this file. Please note that no
other parameter than COD and BOD reduction are taken care off.

The treatment systems described in the following tables (spread sheets) should be understood as
moduls of combined systems. Effluent (outflow) values of a modul are to be used as input data for
the unit (modul) following next. Preferable combinations are indicated below.

This file consists of the following tables (spread sheets)

1. This "introduction"
2. "ww-mix"; to be used in case wastewaters from different sources are to be treated in one system.
3. "per capita"; to be used if the amount or strength of wastewater is not known but has to be
calculated on the base of number of persons who use and pollute water.
4. "Imhoff"; to be used when an Imhoff-tank is used as a separate unit.
5. "septic tank"; to be used when a septic tank is used as a separate unit.
6. "settler 1 ch"; to be used as pre-treatment unit before a baffled reactor or anaerobic pond.
7. "settler 2 ch"; to be used as pre-treatment unit before an anaerobic filter, rarely before a gravel
bed.
8. "baffled reactor (BR)"; to be used as anaerobic treatment unit, preferably in combination with
sheet 6,11 and 13.
9. "suppl to BR"; to be used as alterantive post treatment unit after the bafled reactor; preferably
used when a gravel bed follows as the next treatment step.
10. "anaerob filter (AF)"; to be used as anaerobic treatment unit, preferably in combination with table
7,(11) and 13.
11. "gravel bed"; underground gravel filter, either bare or as planted filter; preferably used in
combination with a baffled reactor (tables 6,8,9 and 13).
12. "anaerob pond"; used as anaerobic treatment unit in sufficient distance to human settlements,
preferably used in combination with table 6 and 13.
13. "aerobic pond"; used as final and post treatment; preferably used in combination with either 6,8
(and 9,11); 7, 10 (and 11) or 6 and 12.

All spread sheets are protected without a password.

Neither BORDA nor the author take liability for correctnes of calculation.
 PERHITUNGAN DIMENSI IPAL
A DATA
Jumlah KK = 25 KK ( Data Daftar Calon Pengguna )
Rata-rata jumlah anggota keluarga / KK = 4 Orang
Asumsi Jumlah Penduduk Saat Pembangunan IPAL (P 0) = 100 Jiwa ( Data Daftar Calon Pengguna )

Perkiraan Pertambahan Penduduk 20 Tahun Ke Depan (P n) = Pn = Po (1 + r )n

Ket :
Pn = Jumlah penduduk penerima manfaat ke n
Po = Jumlah penduduk penerima manfaat saat ini
r = Rata-rata pertumbuhan penduduk (%)
(berdasarkan pertumbuhan penduduk desa/kelurahan
atau dengan asumsi 1,2% per tahun)
n = Tahun ke 5

Maka Jumalah Penerima Manfaat Rencana (P n) = 100 x (1+1,2)5

= 100 x (1+0,012)5
= 100 x (1,012)5
= 100 x 1.061457
= 106 Jiwa

B PERHITUNGAN DEBIT AIR LIMBAH

Pemakaian air bersih (Q Air Bersih) = 120 Ltr/Org/Hari (Asumsi)

Debit rata-rata air limbah (QRata-Rata Air Limbah) = (60-80%) x Q Air Bersih x P
= 80% x 120 x 106
= 10,190 Ltr/Hari
= 10.19 m3/hari
C BOD DAN COD
Asumsi :
Debit Air Limbah = 96 Ltr/Org/Hari
Produksi Grey Water = 96 x 60% = 58 Ltr/Org/Hari
Produksi Blacwater = 96 x 40% = 38 Ltr/Org/Hari
Maka :
COD Rata-Rata Air Limbah = 1,001 mg/l Menggunakan analisis perhitungan DEWATS - Decentralized Wastewater Treatment in

BOD Rata-Rata Air Limbah = 594 mg/l Developing Countries oleh Ludwig Sasse tahun 1998

D DIMENSI IPAL
1 Ukuran Lahan Lokasi IPAL
Debit rata-rata air limbah (QRata-Rata Air Limbah) = 10.19 m3/hari
= 1.02 m3/jam
= 16.98 ltr/menit

Ukuran Lokasi di Lapangan = 3m x 8.5 m

Lebar IPAL Rencana = 2.70 m
Kedalaman Basah Rencana = 1.50 m
Model = U

2 Dimensi Bak Inlet/Gres Trap

Flow Rate = 16.98 ltr/menit
HRT = 8.00 Menit
Maka :
Volume Basah Kontruksi = 135.87 ltr
= 0.14 m3
P = 0.27
L = 1.00
T Basah = 0.50
3 Dimensi Bak Equalisasi
Flow Rate = 16.98 ltr/menit
HRT = 50.00 Menit 1.0 jam
Maka :
Volume Basah Kontruksi = 849.17 ltr
= 0.85 m3
Maka :
P = 0.21 ~ 0.90
L = 2.70 ~ 2.70
T Basah = 1.50 ~ 1.50 check ! = 3.65 m3

4 Dimensi Bak Pengendapan Awal / Settler Lihat Perhitungan Settler

5 Dimensi Bak Bio Filter Anaerob Lihat Perhitungan BR Menggunakan analisis perhitungan DEWATS - Decentralized Wastewater
Treatment in Developing Countries oleh Ludwig Sasse tahun 1998

6 Dimensi Bak Bio Filter Aerob Lihat Perhitungan BF

7 Dimensi Outlet
Flow Rate = 16.98 ltr/menit
HRT = 18.00 Menit
Maka :
Volume Basah Kontruksi = 305.70 ltr
= 0.31 m3
P = 0.23
L = 2.70
T Basah = 0.50
 COD-BOD values of total mix
Source flow in m/d COD given BOD given
Black Water 40 4.075996354 1,266.67 833.33
Grey Water 60 6.113994531 824.65 434.03

Total flow avg COD avg BOD

m/d mg/l mg/l
10.19 1001 594
COD/BOD= 1.69
 Percapita

Wastewater production per capita GW

wastewater product. per daily flow of
user
user wastewater
given given calcul.
number litres/day m/day
106 57.6 6.1

lihat tabel MP2-T4 Tabel produksi air limbah percapita

Wastewater production per capita BW
wastewater product. per daily flow of
user
user wastewater
given given calcul.
number litres/day m/day
106 38.4 4.1

lihat tabel MP2-T4 Tabel produksi air limbah percapita

 biogas plant

General spread sheet for biogas plants, input and gas production data
solids ideal
lowest
TS (DM) org. DM / org. DM settleable biogas gas production total gas methan
daily flow HRT digester
content total DM content within one product. factors product. content
temper.
day at 30C
given given assumed calcul. tested chosen given given calcul. acc. to graphs calcul. assumed
m/d % ratio % ml/l d C l/kg org DM f-HRT f-temp m/d ratio
4.08 2.0% 67% 1.3% 10 2 30 247 0.11 1.00 1.52 70%
. usually 67% 200-450
values for all digester shapes for all fixed dome plants
free
non- gas
approx. de- total gas distance outlet diameter diameter
dissolv. sludge liquid holder
effluent sludging digester storage above above of left of expans.
methan volume volume volume
COD interval volume capacity slurry zero zero shaft chamber
prod. VG
line
assumed calcul. chosen calcul. calcul. calcul. given calcul. chosen chosen chosen calcul.
ratio mg/l months m m m ratio m m m m m
80% 8,557 18 22.01 6.1 28.1 80% 1.2 0.45 0.60 0.60 1.49
minimum 0,60 m
cylindrical floating drum plant ball shaped digester
volume of
wall theor. actual actual
radius of theor. actual empty actual net
radius of width of thickness height of height of radius ball digester
gas depths of depth of space volume of
digester water ring of water gas gas shape radius
holder digester digester above digester
ring holder holder (ball)
zero line
chosen chosen chosen calcul. calcul. calcul. calcul. calcul. calcul. requir. chosen check
m m m m m m m m m m m m
0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! -0.10 1.92 -0.51

ball shaped digester half-ball shaped digester

volume of actual
gas
lowest slurry level below zero empty radius half digester actual net lowest slurry level below zero gas
pressure
line (fill in trial until "calcul." space round radius volume of line (fill in trial until "calcul." pressure
ball
match "target") above shape (half digester match "target") half-ball
shaped
zero line round)
trial !! calcul. target calc. calcul. requir. chosen check trial !! calcul. target calc.
m m m m w.c. m m m m m m m m w.c.
-0.10 1.12 0.60 0.73 2.44 1.30 3.04 0.05 0.89 1.95 0.65
1,50 max. 1,50 max.

ball shaped digester half round digester

inlet inlet 1.49
gas outlet gas outlet
0.45 0.45
0.60 0.65
-0.10 0.73

1.30
0.00 volume of expansion chamber is
equal to volume of gas storage

bottom may be flat, conical or

bowl shaped

half round-> 2.60 inlet 0.00

ball-> 0.00
outlet
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

0.60 1.49
0.00 #DIV/0!
0.00 #DIV/0!

plan of fixed dome digesters floating drum digester

11/22/2017 Sasse BORDA 5 septic tank 372425908.xls "bord"

4.79
 6 settler 1 ch

General spread scheet for one-chamber settler (ST)

time of
daily BOD5 HRT settleable settleable BOD5
most COD COD
waste inside SS / COD SS / COD
waste inflow inflow outflow outflow
water flow tank inflow outflow
water flow
given given given given chosen given calcul. calcul. calcul.
m/day h mg/l mg/l h mg/l / mg/l mg/l / mg/l mg/l mg/l
10.2 8 392 216 2 0.48 0.43 290 159
COD/BOD5-> 1.81 1,5-2,0 h 0,4-0,55 domestic BODrem.-> 1.007
dimensions
minimum
inner actual
de- max flow water volume COD
width of inner length of volume of
sludging at peak depth at incl. removal
septic chamber septic
interval hours outlet sludge rate
tank tank
point
chosen calcul. chosen chosen requir. chosen requir. check ! calcul.
months m/h m m m m m m %
18 1.27 2.70 1.50 0.76 1.00 3.07 4.05 26%
sludge l/g BODrem. 0.0037

cross section longitudinal section

inlet outlet

1.65 1.50
 6 settler 1 ch

2.70 1.00
 Tabel 6.1. Analisis Efluent Pada Bak Settler

General spread scheet for tow-chamber settler (ST)

time of
daily max flow BOD5 HRT settleable settleable BOD5
most COD COD
waste at peak inside SS / COD SS / COD
waste inflow inflow outflow outflow
water flow hours tank inflow outflow
water flow
given given calcul. given given chosen given calcul. calcul. calcul.
m/day h m/h mg/l mg/l h mg/l / mg/l mg/l / mg/l mg/l mg/l
10.2 10 1.02 1,001 594 2.0 0.45 0.43 739 429
COD/BOD5-> 1.69 1,5-2,0 h 0,4-0,55 domestic BODrem.-> 1.06
dimensions
minimum
inner actual
de- water volume COD
width of inner length of first length of second volume of
sludging depth at incl. removal
septic chamber chamber septic
interval outlet sludge rate
tank tank
point
chosen chosen chosen requir. chosen requir. chosen requir. check ! calcul.
months m m m m m m m m %
24 2.70 1.50 1.00 1.00 0.50 0.50 6.06 6.08 26%
sludge l/g BODrem. 0.0033
 Tabel 6.2. Analisis Efluent Pada Bak Anaerobic Bufle Reactor

General spread sheet for baffled reactor

general data dimensions
time of
avg. daily BOD5 settleable lowest length of number of
most COD depth at
waste SS / COD digester length of chambers downflow width of chambers upflow
waste inflow inflow outlet
water flow ratio temp. shaft chambers
water flow
given given given given given given chosen required chosen chosen required chosen chosen
m/day h mg/l mg/l mg/l / mg/l C m max.! m m min.! m No.
10.19 10 739 429 0.45 28 1.50 0.60 0.80 0.00 1.27 2.70 3
COD/BOD ratio 1.72 0,35 -0,45 for domestic ww min 12 cm, or 0 in case of down pipes
intermediate and secondary results
upflow BOD rem actual biogas
max peak actual HRT in org. load
velocity rate volume of (ass: CH4
factors to calculate BOD removal rate of baffled reactor flow per upflow baffled (BOD5)
best below 1 calcul. by baffled 70%; 50%
m/h hour velocity tank
factors reactor dissolved)
chosen calculated according to graphs 67% max.! calcul. calcul. calcul. calcul. calcul.
m/h f-overload f-strength f-temp f-chamb. f-HRT applied m/h m/h m h kg/m3*d m/d
1.00 1.00 0.84 1.05 0.81 0.94 67% 1.02 0.47 9.72 22 1.08 1.52
procedure of calculation treatment efficiency
1. Fill in all figures in bold (until A12) 2. Check your effluent quality whether CODout or COD /
BODout is sufficient. 3. Check whether the total length of the tank suits your site. 4. If the total BOD5 BOD total COD
COD out BOD out
result is not satisfying increase or reduce the number of chambers (M6) first. 5. If the rem.rate removal rem.rate
result is still not satisfying increase or reduce the depth (G6). factor
calcul. calcul. calcul. calcul. calcul.
% % mg/l mg/l
67% 1.10 61% 291.60 142.31
 Tabel 6.3. Analisis Efluent Pada Bak Anaerobic Filter

General spread scheet for anaerobic filter (AF)

general data dimensions
time of specific
daily BOD5 SSsettl. / lowest
most COD surface of voids in depth of length of number of width of
waste digester
waste inflow inflow COD ratio filter filter mass filter tanks each tank filter tanks filter tanks
water flow temper.
water flow medium
given given given given given given given given chosen chosen chosen chosen
m/day h mg/l mg/l mg/l / mg/l C m/m % m m No. m
10.19 10 292 142 0.45 28 100 40% 1.50 1.80 2 2.70
COD/BOD5 normal range range cal.max
2.05 0,35-0,45 (domestic) 80 -120 30-45 1.50
treatment data
HRT max. COD BOD5 COD BOD5
inside AF velocity in factors to calculate COD removal rate of anaerobic filter removal removal outflow of outflow of
reactor filter voids rate rate AF AF
check! check ! calculated according to graphs calcul. calcul. calcul. calcul.
h m/h f-temp f-load f-strenght f-surface f-HRT f-chamb. % % mg/l mg/l
28.2 0.52 1.05 1.00 0.89 1.00 0.68 1.08 69% 77% 90 33
normal max.
24 - 48 h 2.00
intermediate calculations
max. peak BOD/COD org.load net biogas
filter
flow per rem. on AF volume of pro-
height
hour Factor AF COD filter tanks duction

calcul. calc. calcul. calcul. calcul. calcul.

m/h ratio kg/m*d m m m/d
1.02 1.11 0.25 0.45 11.96 0.51