CHAPTER 4

SUSTAINABILITY DEVELOPMENT

1. Sustainable Development (6 hours)

1. Key concepts of sustainability and issues

2. Sustainable development

3. Economic sustainability

4. Environmental sustainability

5. Pollution and its control/prevention

6. Case study

Edit by Bulan Abdullah

What is sustainable development?
What Is Sustainable Development

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3WODX8fyRHA

What is Sustainability Mocomi Kids

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gTamnlXbgqc
 What is sustainable development?
The principles
History of SD
What is sustainable development
"Sustainable development is
development that meets the
needs of the present, without
compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their
own needs.
So is it all just about the environment?
Living within our environmental limits is one of the
central principles of sustainable development. One
implication of not doing so is climate change.
But the focus of sustainable development is far
broader than just the environment. It's also about
ensuring a strong, healthy and just society. This
means meeting the diverse needs of all people in
existing and future communities, promoting personal
wellbeing, social cohesion and inclusion, and
creating equal opportunity.

http://www.sd-commission.org.uk/pages/what-is-sustainable-development.html
 What is sustainable development?

The aim of sustainable development is to

balance our economic, environmental and
social needs, allowing prosperity for now
and future generations.
Sustainable development consists of a
long-term, integrated approach to
developing and achieving a healthy
community by jointly addressing economic,
environmental, and social issues, whilst
avoiding the over consumption of key
natural resources.
Why sustainable development is important?
Why sustainable development is important?

Air Pollution for Kids

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sAKyhfxxr7s

Water Pollution for Kids

https://youtu.be/93BqLewm3bA?t=110

Global Warming for Kids

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PqxMzKLYrZ4

The 3 R's for Kids

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TjnNOCbuoCA

Greenhouse Effect for Kids

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x_sJzVe9P_8
 Why sustainable development is important?
Protect Technological
Provide Basic Human Needs
Resources
A rising population will also make
The people coming into this world
use of the bare essentials of life such
are coming into an increasingly
as food, water, and shelter.
technological age, where more
The provision of these essentials is
people than ever are relying on
based almost entirely around having
technology for nearly every aspect
an infrastructure that can sustain
of their lives. Of course, these
them for the long-term.
technologies are not built out of
If energy is continually developed
thin air and good intentions. They
on finite fossil fuels instead of
require a significant array of
sustainable options, the cost and
minerals and other other inputs
environmental toll of supplying even
simply to be manufactured. This
basic needs can become staggering.
doesn't account for the amount of
resources required to develop
them in the first place.
http://greenliving.lovetoknow.com/Why_Is_Sustainable_Development_Important
 Why sustainable development is important?
Agricultural Necessity Accommodate City Development
Agriculture will have to catch up
with that growing population as As populations rise, cities will need to
well, figuring out ways to feed become larger to accommodate the influx
around 3 billion more people than it of new residents. If these cities are
currently does. developed non-sustainably, they will
If the same unsustainable tilling, become more and more expensive to build
seeding, watering, spraying and and maintain over time.
harvesting methods are used into This is because the resources being used
the future, they can become very to develop the cities will be finite fossil
costly as fossil fuel resources run fuels that will only get more expensive as
out. they run out over time.
Sustainable agriculture practices The higher volume of these fuels required
like crop rotation and effective to produce energy for this larger population
seeding practices can help to will also negatively impact the air quality of
promote high yields while cities. If cities use sustainable development
protecting the integrity of the soil as practices, they can conceivably make way
it produces food for larger amounts for new housing and business
of people
http://greenliving.lovetoknow.com/Why_Is_Sustainable_Development_Important developments indefinitely
 Why sustainable development is important?
Provide Financial Stability
Control Climate Change
Sustainable development can also produce
more financially sustainable
Climate change is another issue that
economies throughout the world. Resource-
can be at least partially remedied poor economies will gain access to free and
through sustainable development. accessible energy through renewables while
Sustainable development practices also having the opportunity to train workers
would mandate a lower use of fossil for jobs that won't be displaced by the basic
fuels, which are not sustainable and reality of finite resources. Jobs built around
which produce greenhouse gases. As the "old" model of unsustainable
the population rises, more people development simply have no place in
economies of the future.
will be requiring more energy and
This has nothing to do with politics or ethics,
will be putting an even greater strain but rather the bare mechanics of how
on the world climate. economies price out finite resources over
time. Industries built around a reliance upon
a resource that will not be accessible into the
future will ultimately fail, leaving sustainable
development as the only option moving
http://greenliving.lovetoknow.com/Why_Is_Sustainable_Development_Important forward.
 Why sustainable development is important?
Sustain Biodiversity

Biodiversity suffers through overconsumption

and unsustainable development practices.
Beyond the basic ethical quandary presented
by this fact, there is the further concern that
these species are a part of a foodweb that
humans rely on.
For example, if unsustainable agricultural
practices are used in regard to pesticides, bees
and other pollinators could be negatively
impacted. Without bees, at least 19 major food
crops would suffer and nearly 50%of the food
in most grocery stores would be non-existent.
Also, unsustainable development pollutes the
oceans, which are home to a significant amount
of algae species that humans rely on for a
significant amount of the oxygen they breathe.

http://greenliving.lovetoknow.com/Why_Is_Sustainable_Development_Important
 List three categories of sustainablity development.

http://www.thwink.org/sustain/glossary/ThreePillarsOfSustainability.htm
 List three categories of sustainablity development
Social Sustainability
Social sustainability is the
ability of a social system,
such as a country, family,
or organization, to function
at a defined level of social
well being and harmony
indefinitely.
Problems like war,
endemic poverty,
widespread injustice, and
low education rates are
symptoms a system is
socially unsustainable
Environmental
Economic
Sustainability
Sustainability
Environmental
Economic
sustainability is the ability
sustainability is the
of the environment to
ability of an economy
support a defined level of
to support a defined
environmental quality and
level of economic
natural resource
production indefinitely.
extraction rates
indefinitely.
Since the Great
This is the
Recession of 2008 this
world's biggest actual
is the world's biggest
problem, though since
apparent problem,
the consequences of not
which endangers
solving the problem now
progress on the
are delayed, the problem
environmental
receives too low a priority
sustainability problem.
to solve.
 What is the relationship between sustainable
development and public health?
Sustainable Sustainable development is deals with
development and improving the physical, social, and
public health quite personal quality of individual lives in ways
strongly correlate, that do not hinder future generations [4, 5].
being connected and Environments dominated by air pollution or
conditioned by one exposure to toxic chemicals, or mitigated
another. by a number of other poor quality of life
standards, naturally result in ill effects to
ones health. Sustainable development
therefore cannot occur in societies marked
by persistent socio-economic inequalities,
large scale environmental degradation, or
widespread disease [3].

http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2458-13-77
 What is the relationship between sustainable
development and public health?

1. Increases in life expectancy but not in years lived without

activity limitations
2. Improvements in health indicators have slowed since the
onset of the economic crisis and inequalities persist
3. Progress in determinants of health such as toxic chemical
production or noise annoyance, but poor improvement in
particulate matter and ozone exposure

http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2458-13-77
 MUNICIPAL SUSTAINABILITY
Ecological Integrity
Sustainable Water quality & consumption
Municipality Green space Air quality
(28 Indicators) Waste diversion,
GHG emission reduction
Economic Security Urban biodiversity
Employment participation
Unemployment rate Social Well-being
Household shelter spending Life satisfaction Crime rate
% Low income people Health and access to care
Household debt Cultural Events Homelessness
Infrastructure & Governance & Empowerment
Built Environment Education Voter turnout
Density Green buildings City council diversity
Green transportation use Household garbage limit
Local food production GHG reduction target
Renewable energy
Clean tech business opportunity

Corporate Knights 5th Annual Sustainable Cities Rankings, Winter 2011

MOST SUSTAINABLE CANADIAN CITIES
Ecological Economic Governce & Infrastructure Social
Integrity Security Empowernt & Built Envirt Well-Being
Large Cities Total
Toronto 5.5 6.2 7.9 7.3 7.7 6.9
Edmonton 7.1 6.2 5.3 4.7 7.2 6.1
Ottawa 4.8 7.3 6.0 4.1 7.6 6.0
Calgary 5.8 6.6 5.5 4.5 7.6 6.0
Montreal 5.2 4.4 5.3 6.8 7.5 5.8
Medium Cities
Vancouver 6.5 6.0 7.6 7.7 7.5 7.1
Mississauga 5.5 7.6 5.7 5.3 7.6 6.3
Halifax 6.3 7.1 6.7 4.3 6.8 6.2
Hamilton 5.2 7.5 6.8 4.0 6.8 6.1
Quebec 4.5 8.4 5.9 3.7 7.7 6.1
Winnipeg 4.6 7.4 5.0 5.5 6.9 5.9

Corporate Knights 5th Annual Sustainable Cities Rankings, Feb. 2011

 MOST SUSTAINABLE SMALL CITIES

Ecological Economic Governce & Infrastructure Social

Integrity Security Empowernt & Built Envirt Well-Being
Small Cities Total
Victoria 5.2 7.2 7.2 7.6 8.2 7.1
Saskatoon 4.7 7.4 6.6 4.5 7.4 6.1
Saint John 4.6 8.2 5.5 4.6 7.5 6.1
Yellowknife 5.7 6.4 6.1 4.3 7.6 6.0
Charlottetown 4.6 6.3 5.2 5.4 7.3 5.8
Whitehorse 4.7 5.7 6.9 2.8 6.5 5.3

Corporate Knights 5th Annual Sustainable Cities Rankings, Feb. 2011

Sustainability: PROBLEMS

Depletion of finite resources

fuels, soil, minerals, species

Over-use of renewable resources

forests, fish & wildlife, fertility, public funds

Pollution
air, water, soil

Inequity
economic, political, social, gender

Species loss
endangered species and spaces

- WCED, 1987
How to improve sustainable
development
How to improve
sustainable
development
Neighborhood Sustainability
1. Water
2. Waste Management
3. Green Space
4. Community Space
5. Food
6. Walkable Urbanism
Water
Drilled wells
Dug wells
Rainwater harvesting through a system of cisterns and
catchments
 Waste Management
Recycling
Use of landfill to power sewage treatment plant
Composting

http://luckygroup.wordpress.com/
2009/12/24/understanding-
recycling-symbols-2/ http://www.nstengineers.com/Landfill_Gas.htm http://www.howstuffworks.com/composting2.htm
Outdoor Space
Community Green Space Supports Walkable
Urbanism
Pedestrian and bike friendly
Safer for children

http://www.donhavey.com/blog/tutorials/ik-springy-grass/
 Food
1. Farmers markets FAO Policy Series: Sustainable
Intensification of Agriculture
2. Backyard gardens
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t
3. Buying locally or sustainably k95ZFISjU4
grown produce
4. Buying produce in season

http://www.coopext.colostate.ed
http://www.treehugger.com/files/2009/04/berkeley-farmers- u/4dmg/VegFruit/drought7.htm
market-.php
Home Sustainability

Home Design
Building materials
Interior Products
Green Buildings in India: The GRIHA
Approach
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DRO_
rIkywxQ

http://www.showroom411.com/dir/Living-Green/Building-and-
Remodeling.html
 Home Design
Green Roofs
Solar panels in yard or on roof
Facing north and south to catch southeast
breezes
Trees placed on the east and west sides of the
house
Mixture of native deciduous and evergreen trees

http://www.roofportland.com/news-and-articles/guide-
to-live-roofs-embracing-green-roof-systems-in- http://www.alternativepowersources.me/
 http://www.thechicecologist.com/2009/03/eco-friendly-
green-driveways-a-living-permeable-driveway-porous-and-
alive/

http://www.soilretention.com/drivablegrass.html
Building Materials
Salvaged wood
Local materials
Stores like Green Builders Source
Sustainable insulation:
Recycled fiberglass insulation
Insulation made from soy
Double-paned windows
Interior Products
Energy Star appliances
Repurposed hardwood floors and cabinetry
Low-flow faucets and toilets
Compact fluorescent light bulbs
Low/No VOC paint
Countertops made of recycled materials: glass,
aluminum, paper, etc.
Recycled carpet or carpet made of natural fibers
Interior Products
Energy Star appliances
Repurposed hardwood floors and cabinetry
Low-flow faucets and toilets
Compact fluorescent light bulbs
Low/No VOC paint
Countertops made of recycled materials: glass,
aluminum, paper, etc.
Recycled carpet or carpet made of natural fibers
Energy Star appliances

Inverter Air Conditioner Demo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VkJFL12qnqU

Samsung Air Conditioner Smart Inverter Technology

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y33AZGQg22Y

Home Energy Efficiency Tips: Energy Star Appliances

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SFOuJ0eINzg
Compact fluorescent light bulbs

Light Bulb Replacement Guide

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QFfJQgT0aXA
Sustainable Forms of Energy
1. Wind energy Top 10 Energy Sources of the
Future
2. Solar energy (Passive and
Active) https://www.youtube.com/wa
tch?v=uStFvcz9Or4
3. Hydroelectric power
4. Biomass energy
5. Geothermal energy
 Bibliography
Roark, Philip, May Yacoob, Paula Donnelly Roark. Developing
Sustainable Community Water Supply Systems.
Washington Field Report No. 270. ADF Working Paper
Series No. 4. Nov. 1989. Nov. 27, 2010.
http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNACA731.pdf.
Melwood. Green RoofsBeauty with Benefits. Nov. 27, 2010.
http://www.melwood.org/industries/gardengreenroofs.a
sp.
Sunset. Eco-friendly kitchen countertops. Nov. 27, 2010.
http://www.sunset.com/home/natural-home/eco-
friendly-kitchen-counters-00400000011823/.
Renewable Resource Insulation. Costs and Benefits of Soy Foam
Insulation. Nov. 27, 2010. http://www.renewable-
resource.net/.
Created by Chandler Abshire, 2012
Sustainability: SOLUTIONS
u Cyclical material use
emulate natural cycles; 3 Rs
u Safe reliable energy
conservation, renewable energy,
substitution, interim measures
u Life-based interests
health, creativity, communication,
coordination, appreciation, learning,
intellectual and spiritual development
The Power of SD Remains Dormant
Locked in Isolated Issues

Clean AIDS
Air Prevention

Climate
Equity
Change

Sustainable
Sustainable Development Peace
Consumption

Poverty Bio-
Eradication diversity
Population
Growth
Many Paths to SD

Good legislation/governance

Economic incentives

Overcoming corruption

Environmental protection

Human rights/security

Infrastructure (roads to banking)

40 issues identified in Agenda 21

 Nine ways to achieve sustainability
1. Leave everything in pristine state,
or return it to pristine state
2. Develop so as to not overwhelm
carrying capacity of the system
3. Sustainability will take care of
itself as economic growth
proceeds (Kuznets)
4. Polluter and victim can arrive at
an efficient solution by themselves
(Coase)
5. Let the market take care of it!
6. Internalize externalities
7. Reinvest rents for
nonrenewable resources
8. Let the national
economic accounting
systems reflect defensive
expenditures
9. Leave for future
generations the options
or the capacity to be as
well off as we are
 Activities are sustainable OR not

Activities are sustainable Activities are not sustainable

Activities are sustainable when they: Activities are not sustainable when
1. Use materials in continuous they:
cycles. 1. Require continual inputs of non-
2. Use continuously renewable resources.
reliable sources of energy. 2. Use renewable resources faster
3. Encourage desirable than their rate of renewal.
human traits (equity;
creativity; communication; 3. Cause cumulative degradation of
coordination; appreciation; the environment.
intellectual and spiritual 4. Require resources in quantities
development). that could never be available for
people everywhere.
5. Lead to the extinction of other
life forms.
EXAMPLE OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PRACTICE -
POLLUTION

Solar Energy

The greatest advantages of solar energy

are that it is completely free and is
available in a limitless supply. Both of
these factors provide a huge benefit to
consumers and help reduce pollution.
Replacing non-renewable energy with this
type of energy is both environmentally
and financially effective
EXAMPLE OF SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT PRACTICE -
POLLUTION
Wind Energy
Wind energy is another readily available
energy source. Harnessing the power of wind
energy necessitates the use of windmills;
however, due to construction cost and finding
a suitable location, this kind of energy is
meant to service more than just the
individual. Wind energy can supplement or
even replace the cost of grid power, and
therefore may be a good investment and
remains a great example of sustainable
development.
EXAMPLE OF SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT PRACTICE
waste/resources
3R : Reduce, Reused, Recycle
EXAMPLE OF SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT PRACTICE
Stormwater

- to reduce or eliminate the hazards to public health and safety cause by

excessive storm water runoff, reduce economic losses to individuals and
the community at large, and protect conserve and promote the orderly
development of land and water resources.
EXAMPLE OF SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT PRACTICE
Used of oil Palm Biomass (frond, trunk, fibre, shell, empty fruit bunch)
EXAMPLE OF SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT PRACTICE
Used of rice husk as biomass in cement industry
EXAMPLE OF SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT PRACTICE
Green Transportation - Electric Railway Transportation
EXAMPLE OF SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT PRACTICE
Ecovillage
Establish a co-housing community that embraced
sustainable principles and deep neighborhood
engagement :

1. Replace any natural features that would be destroyed

during the construction process
2. Restore natural features that had been destroyed as
the result of previous uses
3. Create prairies, wetlands, and savannah in
undeveloped open spaces
EXAMPLE OF SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT PRACTICE
economy
Minimize packaging

Recycle packaging material

Used green packaging material ( natural degradation such as starch)

Neighborhood Sustainability
Water
Waste Management
Green Space
Community Space
Food
Walkable Urbanism
Water
Drilled wells
Dug wells
Rainwater harvesting through a system of cisterns and
catchments
 Waste Management
Recycling
Use of landfill to power sewage treatment plant
Composting

http://luckygroup.wordpress.com/
2009/12/24/understanding-
recycling-symbols-2/ http://www.nstengineers.com/Landfill_Gas.htm http://www.howstuffworks.com/composting2.htm
Outdoor Space
Community Green Space Supports Walkable
Urbanism
Pedestrian and bike friendly
Safer for children

http://www.donhavey.com/blog/tutorials/ik-springy-grass/
 Food
Farmers markets
Backyard gardens
Buying locally or sustainably grown produce
Buying produce in season

http://www.coopext.colostate.ed
http://www.treehugger.com/files/2009/04/berkeley-farmers- u/4dmg/VegFruit/drought7.htm
market-.php
Home Sustainability

Home Design
Building materials
Interior Products

http://www.showroom411.com/dir/Living-Green/Building-and-
Remodeling.html
 Home Design
Green Roofs
Solar panels in yard or on roof
Facing north and south to catch southeast
breezes
Trees placed on the east and west sides of the
house
Mixture of native deciduous and evergreen trees

http://www.roofportland.com/news-and-articles/guide-
to-live-roofs-embracing-green-roof-systems-in- http://www.alternativepowersources.me/
 http://www.thechicecologist.com/2009/03/eco-friendly-
green-driveways-a-living-permeable-driveway-porous-and-
alive/

http://www.soilretention.com/drivablegrass.html
Building Materials
Salvaged wood

Local materials
Stores like Green Builders Source

Sustainable insulation:
Recycled fiberglass insulation
Insulation made from soy

Double-paned windows
Interior Products
Energy Star appliances

Repurposed hardwood floors and cabinetry

Low-flow faucets and toilets

Compact fluorescent light bulbs

Low/No VOC paint

Countertops made of recycled materials: glass, aluminum, paper, etc.

Recycled carpet or carpet made of natural fibers

Sustainable Forms of Energy
Wind energy

Solar energy (Passive and Active)

Hydroelectric power

Biomass energy

Geothermal energy
 Bibliography
Roark, Philip, May Yacoob, Paula Donnelly Roark. Developing
Sustainable Community Water Supply Systems.
Washington Field Report No. 270. ADF Working Paper
Series No. 4. Nov. 1989. Nov. 27, 2010.
http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNACA731.pdf.
Melwood. Green RoofsBeauty with Benefits. Nov. 27, 2010.
http://www.melwood.org/industries/gardengreenroofs.a
sp.
Sunset. Eco-friendly kitchen countertops. Nov. 27, 2010.
http://www.sunset.com/home/natural-home/eco-
friendly-kitchen-counters-00400000011823/.
Renewable Resource Insulation. Costs and Benefits of Soy Foam
Insulation. Nov. 27, 2010. http://www.renewable-
resource.net/.
Created by Chandler Abshire, 2012
Recap
What is sustainable development?

Why sustainable development is important?

List three categories of sustainablity development.

What is the relationship between sustainable development and public health?

How to improve sustainable development