Human Brown Skin

Significance/functions of parts:
1. Stratum Corneum functions to form a barrier to protect underlying tissue
from infection, dehydration, chemicals and mechanical stress.

2. Epidermal ridges - its function is to increase grip in hands and feet through friction and
act like tiny suction cups.

3. Stratum Germinativum It forms the outer skin covering in animals. The process of cell
division (mitosis) occurs in this layer and replenishes the skin cells.

4. Stratum Spinosum - to aid in flexibility, and it enables the epidermis, or outer layer of
skin, to better withstand the effects of friction and abrasion.

5. Stratum Granulosum - providing waterproofing function. It also contributes in the

keritization process of the skin.

Human Palmar Skin

Significance/Functions of parts:
1. Stratum Corneum it protects skin from viruses, bacteria and other antigens. Stratum
corneum functions to form a barrier to protect underlying tissue
from infection, dehydration, chemicals and mechanical stress.

2. Stratum Germinativum It forms the outer skin covering in animals. The process of cell
division (mitosis) occurs in this layer and replenishes the skin cells.

3. Stratum Lucidum It constitutes the outer epidermal layer and comprises of dead skin
cells. It is responsible for the capability of the skin to stretch. It contains a protein that is
responsible for the degeneration of skin cells. Being thick, this layer lowers the effects of
friction in skin especially in susceptible regions like the soles and palms. It also makes
the skin waterproof, which makes it known as the barrier layer of the skin.
Human Scalp
Significance/Functions of parts:
1. Dermal Papillae functions as a signaling center during initial hair morphogenesis in
the embryo, as well as during the adult hair cycle. The dermal papilla transmits signals to
the surrounding epithelium, maintaining its proliferation and differentiation into the
various cell types of the growing hair shaft.

2. Papillary Layer supplies nutrients to select layers of the epidermis and regulates
temperature. Both of these functions are accomplished with a thin, extensive vascular
system that operates similarly to other vascular systems in the body.
 3. Reticular Layer is denser than the papillary dermis, and it strengthens the skin,
providing structure and elasticity. It also supports other components of the skin, such as
hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.

4. Sebaceous Gland secrete the oily, waxy substance called sebum that is made of
triglycerides, wax esters, squalene, and metabolites of fat-producing cells. Sebum
waterproofs and lubricates the skin and hair of mammals.

5. Arrector Pili Muscle cause hairs to stand on end when the body is chilled. These are
tiny muscles in the skin that connect hair follicles to skin tissue. The muscles contract
due to information from autonomic nerves located within these muscles.

References:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratum_corneum
https://www.sharecare.com/health/healthy-skin/functions-of-stratum-corneum
https://quizlet.com/1534320/epidermal-ridges-flash-cards/
https://www.knowyourbody.net/stratum-basale.html
https://www.reference.com/science/function-skin-layer-called-stratum-spinosum-
20de3fad12af8dac
https://www.buzzle.com/articles/structure-and-function-of-stratum-granulosum-layer.html
https://www.knowyourbody.net/stratum-lucidum.html
https://discovery.lifemapsc.com/in-vivo-development/hair/dermal-papilla
https://training.seer.cancer.gov/melanoma/anatomy/layers.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebaceous_gland
https://www.reference.com/science/function-arrector-pili-muscle-d290e217e16492ab#