Types of irregular plural

There are many types of irregular plural, but these are the most
common:

Noun type Forming the plural Example

Change f to v knife knives

Ends with -fe then life lives
Add -s wife wives

Change f to v half halves

Ends with -f then wolf wolves
Add -es loaf loaves

potato potatoes
Ends with -o Add -es tomato tomatoes
volcano volcanoes

cactus cacti
ends with -us Change -us to -i nucleus nuclei
focus foci

analysis analyses
ends with -is Change -is to -es crisis crises
thesis theses

phenomenon
ends with -on Change -on to -a phenomena
criterion criteria

Change the vowel man men

or foot feet
Change the word child children
ALL KINDS
or person people
Add a different tooth teeth
ending mouse mice
Noun type Forming the plural Example

sheep
Singular and plural
Unchanging deer
are the same
fish (sometimes)

Singul Plural Singular Plural

ar L
A loaf loaves
addendum addenda louse lice
alga algae
alumna alumnae M
alumnus alumni man men
analysis analyses matrix matrices
antenna antennas,antennae means means
apparatus apparatuses medium media
appendix appendices,appendixes memorand memoranda
um
axis axes
millenniu millenniums,mile
B m nnia
bacillus bacilli moose moose
bacterium bacteria mosquito mosquitoes
basis bases mouse mice
beau beaux
bison bison N
buffalo buffalos,buffaloes nebula nebulae,nebulas
bureau bureaus neurosis neuroses
bus busses,buses nucleus nuclei
C
cactus cactuses,cacti O
calf calves oasis oases

child children octopus octopi,octopuses

corps corps ovum ova

corpus ox oxen
corpora,corpuses
crisis crises P
criterion criteria paralysis paralyses

curriculum curricula parenthesi parentheses

s
D
Noun type Forming the plural Example

datum data person people

deer deer phenomen phenomena
on
die dice
potato potatoes
dwarf dwarfs,dwarves
diagnosis diagnoses
R
E radius radii,radiuses
echo echoes
S
elf elves
scarf scarfs,scarves
ellipsis ellipses
self selves
embargo embargoes
series series
emphasis emphases
sheep sheep
erratum errata
shelf shelves
F scissors scissors
fireman firemen
species species
fish fish,fishes
stimulus stimuli
focus focuses
stratum strata
foot feet
syllabus syllabi,syllabuses
formula formulas
symposiu symposia,sympos
fungus fungi,funguses m iums
G synthesis syntheses
genus genera synopsis synopses
goose geese T
H tableau tableaux
half halves that those
hero heroes thesis theses
hippopota hippopotami,hippopota thief thieves
mus muses this these
hoof hoofs,hooves tomato tomatoes
hypothesis hypotheses
tooth teeth
I torpedo torpedoes
index indices,indexes
K V
knife knives vertebra vertebrae
L veto vetoes
Noun type Forming the plural Example

leaf leaves vita vitae

life lives
W
watch watches
wife wives
wolf wolves
woman women
Z
zero zeros,zeroes
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