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Experiment No. 1
Trial No. 1 2 1 2
_________________________ ________________________
Students Signature Instructors Signature
Sample Computations
Given/Data Collected:
Computations:
= +
= 87.6 67.6
= 20
= +
= 85.68 67.6
= 18.08
Moisture loss:
= 20 18.08
= 1.92
Water Content,
(1 ) (2 )
= 100%
(2 )
= 10.62%
Given/Data Collected:
Computations:
= +
= 84.8 64.8
= 20
= +
= 83.29 64.8
= 18.49
Moisture loss:
= 20 18.49
= 1.51
Water Content,
(1 ) (2 )
= 100%
(2 )
= 8.17%
ANSWER TO QUESTIONS:
1. Why is it not recommended to leave an oven-dried sample in the open air for a long
It is not recommended to leave an oven-dried sample in the open air for a long time before
measuring its dry weight since the samples has the possibility to get moisture from its
surroundings. However, its moisture might come from the change in temperature of the soil
sample. Thus, definite errors might come from the weight of the oven dried sample which it is
highly recommended for students to use the desiccators in measuring of weight in order to
save time.
2. Excluding oven drying, are there other methods to determine the water content of
soils?
There are two other methods to determine the water content in soils which are indirect and
direct method. Using Indirect method includes Pressure plate apparatus, pressure membrane,
neutron scattering method, gypsum blocks, and tensionmeter. While using direct method
Sand is considered as soil so it is possible to measure its water content. Using the process of
infiltration of soil, the water content of the sand may be determined by its texture.
4. Why do we use a fixed temperature range to dry soils? What is the effect on soils
of microwave drying?
Using a fixed temperature range to dry soils is an advantage especially when it comes to its
weight where it will be constant which is a very ideal in determining the water content of the
soil. In using the Microwave, there may be a change on the soil structure and on its organic
matters due to the decrease of its swelling potential. There may be a lot of ways to dry the soil
but using the microwave may be considered as one of the fastest way.
5. What is the function of the container lid and dessicator when determining the water
content of soil?
Due to the change in temperature of the surroundings, the container lid and dessicator are
water in a given soil mass to the weight of solid particles. The amount of water associated with a
given volume or mass of soil is a highly variable property. It can change on time scales of minutes
to years. However, most soil properties are more stable, and should be referenced to dry soil
weight.
Water contained in soil is called soil moisture. The water is held within the soil pores. Soil
water is the major component of the soil in relation to plant growth. If the moisture content of a
soil is optimum for plant growth, plants can readily absorb soil water. Not all the water, held in
soil, is available to plants. Much of water remains in the soil as a thin film. Soil water dissolves
salts and makes up the soil solution, which is important as medium for supply of nutrients to
growing plants.
The soils hold water (moisture) due to their colloidal properties and aggregation qualities.
The water is held on the surface of the colloids and other particles and in the pores. The forces
responsible for retention of water in the soil after the drainage has stopped are due to surface
tension and surface attraction and are called surface moisture tension. This refers to the energy
concept in moisture retention relationships. The force with which water is held is also termed as
suction.
B. INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
In this experiment entitled Water Content in Soil, the purpose of the test performed is to
determine the hygroscopic water content of soils by oven drying to constant weight. Most natural
soils, which are sandy and gravelly in nature, may have water content of about 15-20%. Thus,
there is a higher water content percentage in fine-grained soils than the course grained soils and
water can easily pass through voids of course grained soils. However, as the sieves no.
decreases, greater volume of soil particles can pass through so it will give off a lesser water
content percentage.
In every laboratory experiment, sources of error cannot be prevented. Errors may occur
from the moisture of surroundings, especially in deliberately measuring the soil sample after oven-
drying. Also, using the container lid and dessicator can lead to inaccurate measurement.
According from the manual, the drying time will depend on the kind of soil and size of sample.
Unfortunately, the time for oven drying was not indicated for the specific sample of soil that was
experimented. Thus, insufficient or perhaps a great amount of time was allotted for oven drying.
Lastly, miscalculations can also lead to imprecise data. Incorrectness can be avoided with focus.
Soil water content is widely studied and reported on the literature due to its extensive and
profound role. It is a key part of the hydrological cycle, provides support to organisms, interacts
with climate, and is a major consideration in ground and surface water supply, environmental and
geo-technical aspects.
C. APPLICATION OF EXPERIMENT
Soil types behave differently of various levels of moisture. ASTM D-2116, D-3017, D-4643
and AASHTO T-265 establish the standard methods of determining the moisture content of soils.
In this experiment, D-2216 was performed which determined the water content of soil using the
In soil science, hydrology, and agricultural sciences, water content has an important role
for groundwater recharge, agriculture, and soil chemistry. Some agriculture professionals are
beginning to use environmental measurements such as soil moisture to schedule irrigation. This
Most soils have water content less than porosity, which is the definition of unsaturated
conditions, and they make up the subject of vadose zone hydrogeology. This is of importance to
Study of soils (Such as its water content) and their utilization are vital especially in planning
After performing the experiment, we were able to satisfy the scope of this experiment. We
were able to determine the hygroscopic water content of soils by oven drying to constant weight.
For sieves no.4 the average water content was 15.7% and for sieve no. 10 the average water
Based on studies and research, fine grained soils has a higher water content percentage
than coarse grained soils because water can easily pass through the voids of coarse grained
soils. Also most soils have a water content less than porosity, which is the definition of unsaturated
conditions, and they make up the subject of vadose zone hydrogeology. This is important to
To conclude, we learned a lot from this experiment. We were able to visualize or have a
better understanding of the concept of how water content affects the soil.
REFERENCES
Jamal, H. (n.d.). Soil Mechanics Engineering, advanced soil mechanics lecture notes.
mechanics.html
https://www.astm.org/Standards/D854.htm
http://environment.uwe.ac.uk/geocal/SoilMech/classification/default.htm
http://www.dynamixinc.com/specific-gravity
http://nptel.ac.in/courses/105103025/5
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ac60056a003
http://geo.verruijt.net/software/SoilMechBook2012.pdf