International Journal Of: Case Studies in Clinical Research

Krishnasarma pathy, (2017) The influenza A virus subtypes H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 ,HDFx: A Novel Immunomodulator and
Potential Fighter
Against Cytoki Infections- Carica papaya Linn. Int J clinical & case. 1:7, 140-144
International Journal of Case Studies in Clinical

Research
ISSN 2572-102X
Case Report Open Access
The influenza A virus subtypes H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 ,HDFx: A Novel
Immunomodulator and Potential Fighter Against Cytokine Storms in
Viral Flu Infections- Carica papaya Linn
Krishnasarma pathy*
Head QC/QA, IPL research centre EDITORAL BOARD MEMBER- Asscoiate editor OAJTMS (Open acc.J.of Toxicol. Hospital
and Clinical Pharmacy)
*Corresponding Author: Krishnasarma pathy, IPL research centre EDITORAL BOARD MEMBER- Asscoiate editor
OAJTMS (Open acc.J.of Toxicol. Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy), Email: drkrishnasarmapathy@yahoo.in, Tel no:
+917570813534 , LUCKNOW, INDIA.
Citation: Krishnasarma pathy, (2017) The influenza A virus subtypes H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 ,HDFx: A Novel
Immunomodulator and Potential Fighter Against Cytokine Storms in Viral Flu Infections- Carica papaya Linn. Int J clinical
& case. 1:7, 140-144 Copyright: 2017 Krishnasarma pathy. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms
of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any
medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Received: October 09, 2017; Accepted: October 20, 2017; Published: November 02,2017
Abstract
The discovery of a new, biologic host-defense protein, HDFx, may provide a unique way to ameliorate and prevent the cytokine
storms and haemorrhages seen in severe influenza infections.The influenza A virus subtypes H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 are prevalent in
pig populations worldwide. All scientific data point towards swine as the key host species for new human influenza pandemics, which
have been suggested to evolve in pigs from viral genes of avian, human and porcine origin. Therefore, it is of major importance tore-
cord the evolution of swine influenza viruses in pigs, and in particular monitor hallmarks of adaptation to humans. The scope of this
paper was to increase the understanding of the genetics of swine influenza virus (SIV), and to investigate the importance of different
viral gene markers in association with differences in pathogenicity of two viruses of H1N2 subtype in pigs. The results from this study
demonstrate, for the first time, natural reassortment in H1N2 viruses in the pig populations of Sweden. As well as india
Keywords: Ischemic Stroke, Post-Stroke Depression, Cerebral Hemodynamic, Bioelectrical Activity of the Brain, Melitor
Introduction
H1N2 viruses have an avian-like SIV H1N1 haemagglutinin (HA) and sented in this thesis support the observations concerning the con-
a European H3N2 SIV-like neuraminidase (NA). Nucleotide sequence tinuous reassortment processes of SIVs in pigs, resulting in repeat-ed
comparison revealed significant differences between the two and independent emergence of certain HA/NA combinations. This
consecutive H1N2 isolates. To be able to understand the geno-typic may lead to emergence of new viral variants of severe patho-genicity
differences observed in the genomes of these H1N2s, and to identify of pigs. Continuous and efficient surveillance and further detailed
the genetic markers responsible for the differences, a re-verse genetic genetic and phenotypic analysis can help to identify such novel
system was developed. Four recombinant SIV H1N2 viruses were viralvariants, having more potential to cross species barriers and to
constructed that displayed differences in virulence in mice, r1021 pose health risks even tohumans and to other host species A
(morevirulent) and r9706 (less virulent), as well as the same viruses disturbing trend in antimicrobial-antiviral resistance is the ad-vent of
with swapped PB1 segments. Interestingly, the current findings superbugs which often complicates the treatment of flu-
showed that the replacement of the PB1segment of r9706 by that of immunocompromised patients. To this must be added the nu-merous
r1021 increases the virulence of the virus that replicate with higher hospitalizations and increased morbidity from contaminat-ed meats,
titer in mice lungs, while the opposite is true when PB1 r9706 is vegetables, seafoods, and dairy products.
introduced into r1021. This study demonstrates that differences in Many of the emerging types of avian flus [e.g. H1N1, H2N2,
virulence of swine influenzavirus subtype H1N2 are attributed at least H3N2, A(H10N8) ] have a very serious hemorrhagic component to
in part to the PB1 segment. The findings pre- them which complicates effective treatment. Any new, effective
International Journal of Case Studies in Clinical Research Volume 1 Issue 7, November 2017
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