Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
DELIVERY
METHODS OF DELIVERY
1. READING VERBATIM FROM A MANUSCRIPT
• A speech that is written out word for word and read to
the audience
2. RECITING A MEMORIZED TEXT
3. SPEAKING IMPROMPTU
• A speech delivered with little or no immediate
preparation
4. SPEAKING EXTEMPORANEOUSLY
• A carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is
presented from a brief set of notes
THE SPEAKER’
SPEAKER’S VOICE
1. Volume
• The loudness or softness of the speaker’s voice
2. Pitch
• The highness or lowness of the speaker’s voice
• Inflections: changes in the pitch or tone of a speaker’s
voice
• Monotone: a constant pitch or tone of voice
3. Rate
• The speed at which a person speaks
4. Pauses
• A momentary break in the vocal delivery of a
speech
• Vocalized pause: a pause that occurs when a
speaker fills the silence between words with
vocalizations such as “uh”, “er”, and “um”
WHEN PRESENTING PAUSE APPROXI MATELY
Very familiar topics 1 second
Familiar topics 2 second
New topics 3 second
Very new topics 4 second
5. Vocal variety
• Changes in a speaker’s rate, pitch and volume that give
the voice variety and expressiveness
• Try reading this:
6. Pronunciation
• The accepted standard of sound and rhythm for
words in a given language
• Example:
• Genuine, theater, nuclear, February
Eight plosive sounds:
b for boy, d for d og, g for girl, j for j ump,
p for put, t for t oy, k for kite, and ch for child
ch
7. Articulation
• The physical production of particular speech sounds
• Example:
WORD MISARTICULATION
Ought to Otta
Didn’t Dint
For Fur
Don’t know Dunno
Have to Hafta
Them Em
Want to Wanna
Will you Wilya
8. Dialect
– A variety of language distinguished by variations of
accent, grammar or vocabulary
THE SPEAKER’
SPEAKER’S BODY
1. Personal appearance
• Facial expression
2. Movement
• Posture talks e.g.
• Looking down
• Cocking head to one side
• Clutching your arms
• Clasping your hands tightly
3. Gestures
• Motions of a speaker’s hands or arms during a speech
• Important points can be emphasized by using
gestures:
a. Size: show the width or height of an object
b. Enthusiasm for an idea: punch the air with your fist
c. Symbolic action: wave your hand in greeting to show
reaction
d. Location: to show specific location or wider area
4. Eye contact
• Direct visual contact with the eyes of another person
• It means shifting your focus to and from a person’s eyes
• It encourages them to pay attention, to respond and to
respect you
• It allows you to ‘read’ your listeners’ faces to get
feedback
• It helps to establish and build rapport and also involves
audience in the presentation
PRACTICING DELIVERY
1. Go through your preparation outline aloud to
check how what you have written translates into
spoken discourse
2. Prepare your speaking outline
3. Practice the speech aloud several times using only
the speaking outline
4. Begin to polish and refine your delivery
5. Give your speech a dress rehearsal under
conditions as close as possible to those you will
face in class
3. AVOID
1. Tennis-returning a question
a. Well, let me ask you the same question.
b. I can answer that by asking you a question.
2. Hedging
a. Well, that depends on what you mean.
b. Well, it’s a very complicated matter.
c. I’m afraid that’s confidential.