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Ian Robertson
Trinity College Dublin
I
Can you see anything?
Can you see anything?
Can you see anything?
BRAIN CELLS
THAT FIRE
TOGETHER,
WIRE
TOGETHER
7.45
Metronome beats (60/min)
TMS: Cortical Motor Output Mapping
1 cm
1 mV
Anterior
20 ms
Changes in Cortical Motor Output Maps
5 cm
5 cm Cz
Probability (%)
S 20 60 100
Physical Practice
Mental Practice
Economic and Social Inequalities Across the World are Strongly
Determined by Inequities of Brain Function
14
12
10
8
No Dementia
6 Dementia
0
Bennet et al, Lancet Neurology Cognitive Physical
And Brain Training for Healthy Elderly
Delays Cognitive Decline
Psychological Science
These Brain Inequalities Arising from Early and
Continuing Social and Economic Inequalities
Greatly Increase Dementia Levels as these People Age:
Less Education - More Dementia
experience dependent 8
7
2
Vigilant Attention deficits 1
0
20
VA predictes everyday 15
Robertson et al 2005)
DBH Noradrenergic Gene
Predicts Vigilant Attention
Performance
Vigilant attention
performance
!
(SART) in health
"
normals
#
predicted by $
DBH gene %
doseage &
'
and Robertson,
Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal and Right Parietal Regions
strongly linked to sustained attention
Activations associated
with fixed SART (Manly,
Robertson et al 2003)
Paus et al (1997)
Continuous performance
task right fronto-parietal
regions principally
involved.
Self-alert training
Figure 5. Individuals' Regional Brain Activity during Intentional Encoding Was Correlated with
Their Subsequent Memory Performance
Participants' brain activity during intentional encoding in the left BA 45/47 a priori region of interest
associated with use of the verbal elaboration strategy was significantly correlated with their
subsequent memory performance.
Logan et al, Neuron
left BA 45/47
previously associated
with verbal
elaboration encoding
strategy
brain activity during
intentional encoding
significantly
correlated with their
subsequent memory
performance.
Working memory
Fig. 1. Schematic drawing of the WM task performed during scanning. Each cue (filled circle) was presented for 900 ms,
with 500 ms between cues. The subjects were asked to remember the location, as well as the order in which the cues were
presented. After presentation of the last cue a 1000 ms delay ensued, followed by the presentation of the probe for
2000 ms and a 1000 ms inter-trial interval. The probe was a unfilled circle with a number (15) in the middle of it. The
subjects should judge whether the probe was in the same location as any of the five cues, and if so, whether the number
within the probe corresponded to the serial position of that cue. Only if both location and order matched the subject
pressed their index finger to indicate yes, otherwise they pressed the middle finger to indicate no.
Jaeggi et all
PNAS 2008
Changes in Cortical Dopamine D1
Receptor Binding Associated with
Cognitive Training