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A Sampling Distribution
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A Sampling Distribution
We are moving from descriptive statistics to
inferential statistics.
A Sampling Distribution
For example:
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A Sampling Distribution
Margin of error is taken directly from a sampling
distribution.
47%
43% 51% Your Sample Mean
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Aims of Sampling
Probability Distributions
Sampling Distributions
The Central Limit Theorem
Types of Samples
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Aims of sampling
Reduces cost of research (e.g. political polls)
Generalize about a larger population (e.g.,
benefits of sampling city r/t neighborhood)
In some cases (e.g. industrial production)
analysis may be destructive, so sampling is
needed
Probability
Probability: what is the chance that a given
event will occur?
Probability is expressed in numbers between 0
and 1. Probability = 0 means the event never
happens; probability = 1 means it always
happens.
The total probability of all possible event
always sums to 1.
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0.6
Probability Distribution of
Number of Girls
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 1 2
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0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 1 2 3
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0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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Normal distribution
A C
s =s .
x n
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zqNGDVNKgA
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Example
A Wholesaler sells a large number of 2-litre and 5-litre tubs of ice-cream which are sold in
the ratio 3:2. A random sample of 2 tubs, 1 , 2 is taken from the shelves.
a) Find the mean and variance of ice-cream content in this populations of tubs
b) List all the possible samples.
c) Find the sampling distribution for the mean X
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LhOYQFtdc6c&t=6s
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Example
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Example
What is the probability that a sample of 100 automobiles insurance claim files
will yield an average claim RM4527.77 or less if the average claim for the
population is RM4560 with standard deviation of RM600?
Example
The random variable, X represents the number of box in a container, has the following
probability distribution
X 4 5 6 7
P(x) 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.1
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Example
At a large university, the mean age of the students is 22.3 years and the standard
deviation is 4 years. A random sample of 64 students is drawn. What is the
probability that age of these students is greater than 23 years?
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Example
The mature citrus trees of type A have a mean height of 14.8 feet with a standard deviation of 1.2
feet. The mature citrus tree of type B have a mean height of 12.9 feet with a standard deviation of 1.5
feet. Two samples of size 12 and 15 are randomly selected from mature citrus tree of type A and B
respectively. Find the probability that:
(a) The mean of type A is more than 12 feet
(b) The mean of type B is between 12 to 14 feet
(c) The mean of type A is two feet more than the mean of type B
Example
The result of statistics test 1 for two groups of management students, section 1 and
section 2 are normally distributed with N(60,42) and N(60,22) respectively. Two
samples of size 9 and 12 are randomly selected from section 1 and section 2
respectively. Find the probability that the mean of section 2 is lower than the mean of
section 1?
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