Jayaraman 1
Krishnamurthy Jayaraman
Debra Jizi
UWRT 1104
10 November 2017
Double Entry Journal
Reisinger, Yvette, and Felix Mavondo. Travel Anxiety and Intentions to Travel Internationally:
Implications of Travel Risk Perception. Journal of Travel Research Journal of Travel
Research, vol. 43, no. 3, 2016, pp. 212225.
Source: Quote (Page# or Paragraph #)
We argue that tourism research must take
up the challenge of risk assessment. If the
tourism industry is going to be prosperous,
then tourism researchers must make efforts
to increase the industrys understanding of
risk perception.(Reisinger and Mavondo 1)
Unfortunately, today the perception of risk
that an individual will be a victim of
terrorism, an international conflict, or a
health hazard is higher than ever
before.(Reisinger and Mavondo 1)
The purpose of the study is to test the
relationships among cultural and
psychographic factors, the perception of
travel risk and safety, anxiety, and intentions
to travel, and to compare the results across
Australian and international tourist
groups.(Reisinger and Mavondo 1)
Risk was defined as exposure to the
chance of injury or loss, a hazard or
dangerous chance (Macquarie 1999), or the
potential to lose something of value (Priest
Responses
Tourism is something that should exist
forever, everyone wants to go to every
location that they can think of, and if events
like terrorism and viruses are going to take
advantage of what tourists think about other
country thats going to make the whole world
essentially be shut ins.
With global warming and pollution being a
thing now diseases and sicknesses are
becoming bigger and bigger, and with the
status of the worlds social side, terrorism is
also being a growing occurrence and it
definitely is higher than it was before.
The study wants to see the relationship
between cultural and psychographic factors,
as well as seeing the reaction they get from
international tourist groups and Australians.
Risk is an exposure to the chance of injury or
loss, which is definitely a huge issue
concerning travelers, risk is the deciding
factor between not going on a trip and going

1990).(Reisinger and Mavondo 1)
There are generally three types of risk
recognized: absolute, real, and perceived
risk(Reisinger and Mavondo 1)
Perception of risk in tourism varies
depending on tourists characteristics. Roehl
and Fesenmaier (1992) distinguished
among three groups of tourists based on
their perceptions of risk: risk neutral,
functional risk, and place risk.(Reisinger
and Mavondo 2)
Perception of risk may vary depending on
the types of risk perceived. There are seven
types of risk identified in consumer behavior
literature:(Reisinger and Mavondo 2)
Recently, terrorism risk and concern about
safety became major factors when choosing
a vacation destination(Reisinger and
Mavondo 2)
Tourists are primary targets of terrorist
attacks because they represent Western
capitalism, consumption, and values.
Tourists are targeted for their symbolic
values (Richter and Waugh 1986) such as
wealth, freedom of choice, or independence.
For terrorists who represent ideological
opposition to Western consumption, the
symbolic values of tourists are too valuable
to be left unexploited (Sonmez,
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on a trip.
The difference between absolute, real and
perceived risk is simple. Absolute is assessed
by commercial providers who implement
certain safety proceedures, real risk is actual
risky thing happening. Perceived risk is what
we think will happen. Perceived risk is us
saying is 100% a bad idea to take a vacation
to South Korea because North Korea is
preparing to detonate missles.
It makes sense, its all based on how the
tourist is feeling, there are people who would
be very cautious, and there are those who
would be no cautious at all and go for
whatever it is. The three perceptions of risk
as easy to define, risk neutral does not
perceive trips as risky, functional risk
considered the possibility of mechanical,
equipment, and organizational risks, like
something that is the fault of a machine, and
place risk perceives the idea of tourism and
traveling itself as risky.
The seven types of risk are financial,
functional or performance, physical, social,
psychological, satisfaction, and time. These
all make sense as types of risks except for
satisfaction, why would the chance of not
being satisfied be a risk. It just doesnt make
sense.
I would understand that people dont want to
go to a certain country because of the
terrorism that happens in it, but like I would
suggest against putting off a trip to Paris
because of the Paris attacks, not every
location on earth is safe.
While this does seem like a good excuse for
terrorists to attack tourists, it seems lacking in
practicality. The fact is that not many tourists
are actually attacked by terrorists even if this
idea is maintained by them unless these
tourists go to a country where terrorists are
mainly active like Iraq or Syria. The actual
probability of terrorist attacks happening in
normal vacationing countries is very low.
While this may not persuade tourists to

Apostolopoulos, and Tarlow 1999, p. 15).
Attacks on tourists symbolize attacks on
their governments(Reisinger and Mavondo
2)
From the theoretical perspective, this study
contributes to a better understanding of the
risk perceptions and anxiety associated with
international tourism. The study suggests
that there is a strong relationship between
travel risk perceptions and travel anxiety,
(Reisinger and Mavondo 11)
The study showed that culture, personality,
and motivation to travel had significant
influence on perceptions of travel risk,
anxiety, and safety. In particular, culture had
an important influence on perception of
travel safety and sociocultural risk.
Personality had an important influence on
perception of terrorism risk and travel
anxiety. Motivation had an important
influence on perceptions of health and
financial risk, travel anxiety, and perceptions
of safety. Lifestyle did not influence the
travel risk perception, level of anxiety, or
future intentions to travel internationally.
Perceptions of terrorism and sociocultural
risks had a significant influence on level of
anxiety. Perceptions of health and financial
risk had a significant influence on perceived
level of safety. Anxiety had a major impact
on safety perception and intentions to
travel.(Reisinger and Mavondo 11)
From the practical standpoint, identifying
the above relationships may contribute to a
better understanding of the impact of risk
perception on travel anxiety, perceptions of
safety, and intentions to travel(Reisinger
and Mavondo 11)
Because the sample was composed mostly
of young tourists, the generalizability of the
findings is limited to a similar population.
Consequently, the study results contribute to
a better understanding of the perceptions of
travel risk, anxiety, and intentions to travel
by young people only. It is reasonable to
expect that older tourists perceptions of risk
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continue vacationing in those countries it is
definitely a start to helping them get over the
fear of that risk happening.
This is a good connection, as my inquiry
focuses on how to get rid of travel anxiety,
this could be a good solution to get a
population of people who are afraid of risk in
foreign countries to be able to travel without
anxiety.
Culture, personality and motivation had
significant influence on risk perception.
Culture was the most significant influence as
there was a perception of travel safety and
sociocultural risk. Personality had the most
influence on perception of terrorism risk and
travel anxiety. Motivation had the most
influence on perception health. In the end all
of these connections between topics to a
certain risk make sense, people who had the
most idea of culture had thought sociocultural
was a risk when traveling.
Finally the study claims that the relationships
between the figures could help better
understand the impact of risk perception on
travel anxiety which makes sense, if people
have a certain thing they have anxiety about,
a guide can recommend a different trip.
This makes sense, compared to older people,
younger people would have a different
perception of risk as the ideas that are spread
and the events that are happening today
strike different chords with different people.

and safety would be different from those of
young people(Reisinger and Mavondo 11)
Consequently, one suggestion for future
research would be to replicate this study
with respondents in different age
groups.(Reisinger and Mavondo 11)
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This would be a great idea, if they
implemented more studies with different age
groups then a new percentage could be
discovered about how people would perceive
risk in foreign countries, and there would be a
new percentage of what risk is the most
commonly feared.