danh mc t, cm t ting vit tra cu

a - [957] aikinit - [359]

Aalen - [2] ajkait - [382]
abelsonit - [16] ajoit - [383]
abernathyit - [18] akaganeit - [384]
ablikit - [27] akatoreit - [385]
ablykit - [28] akdalait - [386]
abrolhos - [42] akermanit - [387]
Absaroka - [43] akrochordrit - [390]
absit - [44] aksait - [391]
abyssal - [75] aktashit - [392]
Acadi - [85] alabandit - [396]
Acantharina - [87] alabaste - [397]
acanthit - [89] alactit - [468]
Acarida (cs) - [93] alalit - [398]
acenamid - [141] alamandin - [399]
acid - [11119] alamosit - [400]
acid carbonic - [2315] alanit - [469]
acid ha - [158] alargentum - [470]
acid h phch - [605] alaskit - [404]
acid hu c - [7056] alaskit thch anh - [405]
acid mn - [7056] Albe (t) - [408]
acid sucinic - [14824] Alberti (t) - [407]
acid ulmic - [15977] Albi - [408]
acmit - [163] albit - [410]
Acrotetracea (cs) - [177] albitit - [414]
actini - [179] albitophyr - [416]
actinolit - [184] albit cao nhit - [6894]
Actinopoda (cs) - [186] albit ha - [415]
adamantin spat - [211] albit thp nhit - [8706]
adamit - [213] alcharit - [471]
adelit - [227] aldermanit - [418]
adinol - [233] aldrin - [419]
admontit - [244] aldzhanit - [420]
adobe - [245] aleghanyit - [472]
adularia - [256] Aleghen (t) - [473]
AE - [264] aleksit - [421]
aegirin - [265] alemontit - [474]
aegirin-augit - [266] Alexandri (t) - [425]
aegirit - [267] alexandrit - [427]
aenigmatit - [268] algarit - [441]
aerugit - [285] algodonit - [442]
aeschynit - [286] Algonki (t) - [444]
aeschynit (Y) - [287] alietit - [447]
afghanit - [292] alio - [451]
afwilit - [296] almandin - [529]
agalit - [297] aloclasit - [482]
agardit - [298] alogroup - [488]
agardit (La) - [299] alokit - [489]
agat - [300] alomorphit - [494]
agat opal - [301] alophan - [495]
aglime - [342] alophanit - [496]
aglomerat - [325] alpha (kv) - [532]
aglomerat hng ni la - [16323] alpha-vrendenburgit - [536]
aglomerat ni la - [16463] Alpid - [537]
aglomerat x - [2773] alstonit - [544]
aglutinat - [326] altait - [545]
agmatit - [343] althausit - [552]
Agnostida (cs) - [344] aluandit - [504]
Agnotozoi (t) - [345] alumina - [565]
agpaitic - [346] aluminit - [567]
agrelit - [347] aluminocopiapit - [570]
agricolit - [349] aluminosilicat hay alumosilicat - [571]
agrinierit - [353] alumit - [576]
aguilarit - [356] alumocalcit - [577]
ahlfeldit - [357] alumogel - [578]
i lc - [289] alumohydrocalcit - [579]

709
alumopharma cosiderit - [580] anorthic - [778]
alumotantit - [581] anorthifels - [780]
alumotungstit - [582] anorthit - [2105],[779]
alunit - [560],[564],[583] anorthitisit - [781]
alunogen - [585] anorthitit - [2106],[782]
alurgit - [586] anorthoclas - [783]
alushtit - [587] anorthoclasit - [784]
aluvi - [528] anorthos - [785]
aluvi hay bi tch lc a - [3332] anorthosit - [786]
alvanit - [588] anorthosit ha - [787]
Alveolinidae (cs) - [593] anorthosit thch anh - [12141]
amakinit - [598] antarcticit - [789]
amarantit - [600] anten (cs) - [793]
amargosit - [601] anten nh (cs) - [794]
amarilit - [602] anthoinit - [804]
ambatoarinit - [603] anthonyit - [805]
amberoid - [609] anthophyllit - [806]
amblygonit - [611] anthrachit ha - [810]
ambrit - [613] anthrachit (tt) - [809]
ameghinit - [615] anthracit - [808]
americi (Am) - [620] Anthracolit (t) - [811]
amersuit - [626] anthraconit - [812]
amesit - [621] Anthropogen - [813]
Amga (t) - [623] anticlis - [821]
amicit - [624] antigorit - [826]
aminofit - [625] antimon - [16819],[832]
amonioborit - [628] antimonat - [829]
amonio jarosit - [627] antimonit - [830],[835]
amphibol - [643] antimon - [12365]
amphibol ha - [644] antimonpearceit - [831]
amphipoda (cs) - [648] antiperthit - [839]
amydaloit ( hnh nhn) - [650] antlerit - [844]
anagenit - [657] antozonit - [845]
Anahuac (t) - [658] ao - [13883],[7887],[8157],[8601]
analbit - [662] ao t st kh - [2872]
analcim - [663] apachit - [847]
analcim ha - [664] apatit carbonat - [2296]
anandit - [670] apatit cha mangan - [8953]
anapait - [671] apatit stronti - [14672]
anatas - [10267],[676] Aphebi (t) - [855]
anatectit - [678] aphthitalit - [859]
anatexis - [679] aphyr - [860]
anatexit - [680] apjohnit - [869]
anauxit - [682] aplit - [870]
ancylit - [694] aplowit - [871]
andalusit - [695] apoepigenesis - [873]
andalusit cha mangan - [8952] apogranit - [875]
andersonit - [696] apogrit - [876]
andesin - [697] apojhnit - [877]
andesit - [698] apophylit - [878]
andesit hornblend - [7016] Apte (t) - [904]
andorit - [700] Apti - [904]
andradit - [2137],[701] aquamarin - [906]
andrewsit - [702] Aquilon (t) - [917]
anemosilicarenit - [705] Aquitan (t) - [918]
anemusit - [706] aragonit - [921]
angaralit - [708] aragon spat - [920]
angelelit - [709] aramayoit - [922]
anglesit - [731] arcanit - [927]
angstrom (Ao) - [732] Archaeocyathida - [934]
anhydrit - [743] Archeozoi - [938]
anilit - [748] archerit - [942]
Animikie (t) - [749] archibenthic - [943]
anion - [750] arcos - [947]
Anisi (t) - [752] arctit - [948]
ankaramit - [760] arcubisit - [952]
ankerit - [5512],[761] ardait - [954]
annabergit - [762] ardealit - [955]
annerodit - [764] ardenit - [956]
annit - [765] arendalit - [970]
an ninh mi trng - [5005] Arenigi (t) - [971]
anomit - [773] arenilitic - [972]

710
arenit - [973] astrophylit - [1117]
arenit ni la - [16465] astrophylit magnesi - [8875]
arenyt - [974] atacamit - [1126]
arfvedsonit - [975] atelestit - [1127]
arfvedsonit magnesi - [8866] athahascait - [1128]
argentit - [976] atheneit - [1129]
argentojarosit - [977] atmophil - [1135]
argentopyrit - [978] Atokan (t) - [1141]
argilit - [988],[989],[991] atokit - [1142]
argilit carbon - [2265] Atrypidae (cs) - [1151]
argilit ho - [990] attakolit - [1155]
argon (Ar) - [992] aubertit - [1164]
Argon-40 do phng x sinh ra - [12218] augelit - [1165]
argutit - [994] augit - [1169]
argyrit - [995] augit-acmit - [164]
argyrodit - [996] aurichalcit - [1171]
arhbarit - [997] auricuprit - [1176]
Arikaree (t) - [1002] aurorit - [1177]
arizonit - [1007] aurostibit - [1178]
Arkei (t) - [938],[940] austinit - [1180]
arkos - [1008] Austin (t) - [1179]
arkosit - [1016] autunit - [1198]
arkos bentonit - [1514] autunit natri - [14035]
arkos khng tinh khit - [7362] Autun (t) - [1197]
arkos tn d - [12544] Auversi (t) - [1199]
arkos ti ch - [12544] aventurescenc - [1210]
armalcolit - [1018] aventurin - [1211]
armenit - [1019] avezacit - [1217]
armstrongit - [1021] avicenit - [1218]
arojadit - [1024] avlacogen - [1219]
arsenat - [1026] avogadrit - [1220]
arsenbrackebushit - [1027] awaruit - [1221]
arsendescloizit - [1028] axinit - [1234]
arsenic dng t - [1030] axinit cha mangan - [8954]
arseniopleit - [1032] axinit magnesi - [8867]
arseniosiderit - [1033] Azoi - [1242]
arsenit - [1034] azurit - [1245]
arsen - [12366] arkos - [14740]
arsen mu vng - [17037] ct - [2862]
arsen (As) - [1029] chnh hp - [10135],[10804],[10805]
arsenobismit - [1035] cui kt - [10806]
arsenoclasit - [1036] cc i - [14782]
arsenocrandalit - [1037] i dng - [6811]
arsenohau- checornit - [1038] a tng - [10867]
arsenolamprit - [1039] graywack feldspar - [5462]
arsenolit - [1040] kt tinh - [14747]
arseno pyrit - [1031] kim - [14735],[14807]
arsenopaladinit - [1041] lin tc - [10807]
arsenopyrit - [1042] nhm - [14737]
arsenosulvanit - [1043] nin i hc - [10801]
arsenpolybasit - [1044] v tuyn - [14790]
arsenuranylit - [1045] v - [14746]
artesi) (cctr) - [1048] c ng ca p sut kh trong n mn - [4775]
arthurit - [1059] m tiu - [12411],[12433]
Arti (t) - [1065] m tiu cht - [4564]
Artin - [1065] m tiu n l - [2629]
artinit - [1064] m tiu hu c - [10639]
arzrunit - [1066] m tiu ngoi - [10558]
asbecasit - [1067] m tiu nhn - [3727]
asbest - [1069] m tiu san h - [1360],[3423]
asbest mu xanh - [1745] m tiu san h vng - [8129]
asbest serpentin - [13561] m tiu sinh thi - [4716]
asbolit - [1070] m tiu sinh vt - [1613]
ashamalmit - [1072] m tiu to - [438]
ashanit - [1081] m tiu trc - [5794]
Ashby (t) - [1082] m tiu ven b - [13710]
asheroftin - [1083] nh bn kim - [14789]
Ashgili (t) - [1084] nh kim - [14276]
asphalt - [1087],[9521] nh kim cng - [210]
asphalt t nhin - [9927] nh kim loi - [9312]
astatin (At) - [1107] nh long lanh x c - [10955]
Asti (t) - [1112] nh la - [13822]

711
nh nha - [12566],[16725] nh nh phn (bitmap) - [12297]
nh thy tinh - [16438],[6293] nh phng x t hin hnh - [12211]
nh x c - [9862] nh ph - [14209]
o - [8994] nh radar - [12184]
o - [8999] nh vin thm kh tng - [10113]
o hm (bng thp hoc b tng ct thp vv) - [15904] nh vin thm th ng a ph - [9786]
p dng - [896] nh vin thm th ng phc v lp bn chuyn -
p dng c hc mi trng lin tc trong n nh mi dc - [15569]
[3363] n mn - [3468]
p k bourdon - [1864] n thc vt - [11268]
p lc - [14590],[8263] t c gia c c hc - [9163]
p lc b ng Rankine - [12283] u trng dng trng bi t do - [10882],[11433]
p lc chnh tm - [1226] m - [3809]
p lc chu ti (cctr) - [1461] m k - [12011],[9617]
p lc ch ng Rankine - [12282] m k neutron - [10045]
p lc ca mng - [5838] m t - [14288],[16809]
p lc dng hnh cung - [933] n - [3625]
p lc t - [4672] n s - [3935]
p lc t b ng - [10916] n tinh - [232],[3629],[5474],[852],[853],[9422],[9429],
p lc t ch ng (cctr) - [193] [9437]
p lc t trng thi ngh (cctr) - [1125] ba khe - [15787]
p lc y ca - [12851] ba l - [15804]
p lc o - [5238] ba rnh - [15769]
p lc i khng - [1253] ba rnh-l - [15770]
p lc ng - [4636] ba trc - [15758]
p lc hu hiu - [4789] babefphit - [1246]
p lc kh quyn - [1137] babingtonit - [1247]
p lc l rng - [7532] babingtonit cha mangan - [8955]
p lc ln hn trng thi tnh ban u - [5238] baculit - [1271]
p lc mao dn - [2238] badeleyit - [1273]
p lc nn trc - [11814] badenit - [1274]
p lc ngc chiu - [1253] bafertisit - [1276]
p lc nc d - [5236] bahiait - [1277]
p lc nc l rng - [11692],[11694] bahianit - [1278]
p lc nc l rng m - [9975] Bajoc (t) - [1283]
p lc nc l rng trong bi thi m - [11695] bakerit - [1284]
p lc nc trong l rng ca t - [10037] balas - [1295]
p lc nc t lu (artesi) (cctr) - [1051] balavinskit - [1288]
p lc tc dng ln mi vm (cctr) - [933] baldit - [1289]
p lc thm - [13448] balipholit - [1290]
p lc thm thu - [10537] balkanit - [1292]
p lc thy tnh - [7206] baltimorit - [1298]
p lc thy tnh bnh thng - [10170] balyakinit - [1299]
p lc tip xc - [3321] bambolait - [1300]
p lc tnh ca - [12851] banakit - [1301]
p lc ti hn - [3571] banalsit - [1302]
p lc trng n ca t - [14955] bandait - [1307]
p lc vn tc - [16312] bandylit - [1310]
p sut bn ngoi - [3265] banermanit - [1317]
p sut bn (hng) - [8263] banisterit - [1318]
p sut chuyn tip dn-do (cctr) - [1941] ban bin tinh - [11705],[11993],[9181],[9290]
p sut do n mn gy ra - [11831] ban bin tinh c nt - [11707]
p sut y l - [1566] ban u - [11874]
p sut t ph - [10581] ban tinh - [11175],[11191],[9181]
p sut a tnh - [14442],[8569] bao bc - [4884]
p sut hng - [3265] bao cung bm - [10974]
p sut kh - [6040] bao ngoi - [5063]
p sut kin to qu cao - [15180] bao phn (cs) - [800]
p sut l rng d - [5237] bao qu - [3784]
p sut mao dn - [2238] bao th - [7376]
p sut tnh - [14396] bao th ba pha - [15454]
p sut xung quanh - [3265] bao th - [10121]
nh - [7339] bao th hai pha - [15950]
nh bt - [11785] bao th kh - [6038]
nh chp bng phng x - [12223] bao th l - [5797]
nh hng khng - [278] bao th lng - [5712],[8524]
nh hng ca a hnh ti trng thi ng sut - [14143] bao th lng nguyn sinh - [11851]
nh hng ca m - [4776] bao th nguyn-th sinh - [12000]
nh hng ca th tch ti sc bn ca tr (m) - [16523] bao th pluton - [11534]
nh hng ca tnh d hng ca t ti trng thi ng bao th th sinh - [13409]
sut - [14142] baotit - [1319]
nh hng ca tc gia ti (gy ng sut) - [7452] bar - [1320]

712
barandit - [1344] bo mn - [3928],[4861]
bararit - [1324] bo mn do bin - [9024]
baratovit - [1325] bo mn do va chm - [7355]
barbosalit - [1328] bo mn git li - [12597]
Barem (t) - [1350] bo mn ngang - [8257]
baren - [1346] bo mn thng ng gy nn do s o su ca lng knh
barerit - [1351] - [16355]
bariandit - [1330] bo mn thy lc (t) - [16581]
baricit - [1331] bo t - [14297],[14301]
bari (Ba) - [1333] bo t ci - [8806],[9190]
baringerit - [1363] bo t cui - [15212]
baringtonit - [1364] bo t m (cs) - [1399]
barit - [1332],[2480],[6767] bo t nh - [3277],[3278]
barnesit - [1335] bo t ha thch - [14299]
Barneveldi (t) - [1336] bo t nh - [13979]
baroisit - [1365] bo t phn hoa hc - [10768],[14308]
baroit - [1338] bo t phn hoa nh - [9570]
Barstovi (t) - [1367] bo t phn hoa phn tn - [14296]
bartelkeit - [1368] bo t sinh - [14307]
bartonit - [1371] bo t t ti bo t - [14298]
Barton (t) - [1370] bm dnh - [3054]
barylit - [1372] bm - [5046]
barysilit - [1373] bnh mui - [13073]
baryt - [1374] bnh to - [429]
barytocalcit - [1375] bn bnh nguyn - [11022],[11024]
barytolam- prophylit - [1376] bn bnh nguyn n - [14661],[5827]
basalt - [1379],[8830] bn bnh nguyn b chia ct - [4351]
basalt kim - [14736] bn bnh nguyn b phn - [10899]
basalt cao nguyn - [11452] bn bnh nguyn hnh thnh t bn bnh nguyn nguyn
basalt gn ming ni la fra Mauro trn Mt Trng - [5847] sinh - [10298]
basalt hnh khin - [13677] bn bnh nguyn ha - [11023]
basalt kim - [453] bn bnh nguyn lin hp - [7567]
basalt mt trng - [9700] bn bnh nguyn sa mc - [4051]
basalt nephelin - [10007] bn bnh nguyn s khai (nguyn sinh) - [11860]
basalt ni gia i dng - [9480] bn o - [11033],[6746]
basalt ni ngm gia i dng - [9705] bn hnh - [6006]
basalt olivin - [10314] bn kt tinh - [9566]
basalt quanh i ng - [2794] bn khng gian - [6680]
basalt (giu) st - [5514] bn knh nh hng - [12233]
basalt tholeit - [15432] bn knh i dp v - [12232]
basalt VHA - [16390] bn knh ming ni la - [3526]
basanit - [1380],[1405] bn knh tng ng - [5091]
basanitoid - [1381] bn knh t din - [15342]
basetit - [1406] bn nguyt - [2796]
Baskiri (t) - [1396] bn sc - [6681]
bastit - [1407] bn t hnh - [7247]
bastnaesit - [1408] bo co kh thi - [5441]
bastnaesit-(Y) - [1409] bo co kinh t-k thut - [15145]
Bathon (t) - [1410] bo co lun chng kinh t-a cht - [6150]
batisit - [1415] bo co (nghin cu) kh thi - [5441]
baumhaucrit - [1418] bng (bn) s ho - [4220]
baumit - [1419] bng phn loi ca IUGS - [7730]
bauranoit - [1420] bn bo v - [11625]
bauxit - [1421],[1422] bn chun - [6970]
bauxit ha - [1423] bn a - [1188],[1189],[34]
bavenit - [1424] bn o ln - [13582]
Baventi (t) - [1426] bn - [2378],[2637]
bay - [12751] bn a cht - [14754]
bayerit - [1431] bn nh a hnh - [11228]
bayldonit - [1436] bn b dy thc ca tng ct - [10028]
bayleyit - [1437] bn cc nm trn - [14877]
baylisit - [1438] bn cu to - [14700],[14713]
bay hi - [16455],[5220] bn chuyn - [15370]
bazanuminit - [1439] bn c cu to - [10729]
bazirit - [1440] bn c a cht - [10699],[10987]
bi ton ngc - [7591] bn c a hnh - [10733]
bn - [14357],[15048] bn c a l - [10696]
bn i qung - [12959],[1985] bn c kh hu - [10682]
bn o ln - [13582] bn c kin to - [10730]
bn knh vn nng nm trc - [5616] bn c s - [1387]
bn rung - [13602] bn d bo ngun - [4344]
bn tng hp - [16099] bn gc - [14081]

713
bn ng chiu dy - [15418],[7675] bi thi - [14283]
bn a chn - [13482] bi khai thc - [11365]
bn a cht nh - [11223] bi ly - [14944],[8931]
bn a cht di su - [14816] bi ly nh - [13965]
bn a chnh - [2051] bi ly triu - [15493]
bn a hnh - [11419],[12505],[15614] bi ly ven bin - [9040],[9045]
bn a tng - [14553] bi ni o lin hp - [15593],[3173]
bn o su - [1412] bi ni o vi t lin - [15508],[4479]
bn dc - [13959] bi san h ngm ang pht trin - [1315]
bn lch chun - [14368] bi tm - [8453]
bn nhy cm ca tng cha nc - [914] bi thi - [1366],[1593],[16598],[6757]
bn ng ng mc - [3366] bi thot triu - [15485],[15503]
bn hc - [2380] bi trn - [5673],[8201]
bn kt qu kho st s b - [12343] bi triu ly - [15500]
bn khu vc - [967] bi trc - [6747]
bn kin to - [15176] bi xa b - [10285]
bn kinh t-a cht - [4728] bo ha - [13201]
bn lin kt cc trng d liu - [5556] bo ha nhm - [9333]
bn nn - [1387] bo ha nc - [16644]
bn phn tn - [4344] bo (l) trm tch - [15240]
bn sinh khong - [9328] bc (Ag) - [13838]
bn s ha - [4219] bc mu en - [1692]
bn ti to - [10748] bc ruby - [12979]
bn tn kin to - [10003] bc thu tinh - [16439]
bn theo h UTM - [16204] bch kim - [11468]
bn thu gn - [2375] bng - [1304],[7282]
bn tng hp cc lp thng tin - [3161] bng nh vin thm - [1304]
bn trm tch c - [10707] bng carota - [8641]
bn trend - [15743] bng carota m hc - [169]
bn t l nh - [13981] bng chuyn - [1305]
bn t s cc loi - [12310] bng c kt tinh - [10684]
bn vn tc bin i - [12300] bng a chn - [13478]
bn vt l di mt khng chnh hp - [14745] bng hay nc - [13328]
bn vng - [967] bng h - [6265]
bn xu th - [15743] bng h "mi sinh" nh - [10111]
bn ghi d liu - [3833] bng h chn ni - [11288]
bn l - [2329] bng h cht - [3862]
bn l rng kp (cs) - [645] bng h kiu cao nguyn - [11454]
bn l rng ngc - [6363] bng h lc a - [7476]
bn mng - [13644] bng h mi - [9996]
bn neo (cctr) - [687] bng hnh kim - [147]
bn ph chun - [10877] bng lc a - [3342]
bn v - [2637] bng nc nht - [5900]
bn x (cs) - [34] bng quyn - [3624]
bo v mi trng - [5003] bng tch - [15519]
bo v nc - [16615],[16657] bng tch kin to - [15178]
bi - [1311] bng tch tan mn - [25]
bi bin - [13370],[1441],[5801] bng tri - [7301]
bi bin cha vn - [12970] bng biu - [4133]
bi bin c nhiu tng - [1844] bng - [12867]
bi bin c si - [2628],[2669] bng s - [4133]
bi bin cui th pht ting ku - [13685] bn nc - [13968]
bi bin dng ti - [11563] bu ng sut - [11827]
bi bin hnh thnh do bo - [14502],[14507] bc ni - [12835]
bi bin lang thang - [15724] bt chnh hp - [16037],[16039]
bi bin vng bin - [8130] bt chnh hp khng tch t - [10135]
bi bin ti lp - [15690] bt chnh hp nh - [8435]
bi bin trong - [7481] bt i xng - [1120]
bi bi - [1417],[515] bt n nh - [16105]
bi bi chu th - [7579] by - [15719]
bi bi lin tc - [16237] by cu to - [14708]
bi bi ngp lt - [5671] by a tng - [14564]
bi bi thoi - [1323] by khng chnh hp - [16040]
bi bi ven sng - [5673] bc - [10404],[14357],[14425],[1499],[4408],[8439]
bi ct chn - [1352] bc bi tch - [520]
bi ct chn chim - [1322] bc bn a - [1403]
bi ct en - [1691] bc chn hay thnh chn - [3717]
bi cn - [8134] bc chn ni - [11285]
bi cn aluvi k lin sng - [12794] bc c a l - [10697]
bi chn - [1354],[8453] bc delta - [14428]
bi cha vt liu (, st) - [14477] bc i vi - [8478]
bi - [14487] bc bng do cu trc - [14677]

714
bc t bng trc ni trong lu vc sng - [11290] b te ra - [14318]
bc mi mn - [9033] b tng - [3235]
bc h - [14432] b tng asphalt (cctr) - [1089]
bc sn i - [2434] b tng bt - [5750]
bc thang chn ni - [11295] b tng ct thp - [12477]
bc thang trc ni - [10982] b tng t st - [2860]
bc thm b - [1504] b tng kh nn (cctr) - [371]
bc thm ct x - [3737] b tng lm y h o - [4004]
bc thm chu th - [3961] b tng phun - [13720]
bc thm lc a - [3355] b tng to hnh - [4004]
bc thung lng - [1403] bn phi - [4107]
bc thc vt - [5679] bn trn - [16135],[16136]
bc trc ni - [11297] b mt - [3610],[5341],[5676],[8939]
bc t do - [3935] b mt b xi mn cao - [16121]
bearsit - [1462] b mt careva - [7867]
beaverit - [1463] b mt car - [7875]
beckelit - [1466] b mt c - [10666]
becquerelit - [1467] b mt y ng - [12814]
behierit - [1482] b mt gm mn - [3466]
behoit - [1483] b mt khe nt - [3514]
beidelit - [1484] b mt khng c p lc - [10040]
belidoit - [1488] b mt lin kt cc ng trng su ca cc tng trong
belingerit - [1489] mt np lm - [15833]
belit - [1487] b mt lp nn di mng cng trnh - [14757]
belonit - [1490] b mt mi mn - [38]
belonosphaerit - [1491] b mt nm ngang hp ko di - [12524]
belovit - [1492] b mt nh - [5343]
Belti - [1495] b mt san bng - [11409]
belyankinit - [1497] b mt thng nhn - [13365]
belyankinit cha mangan - [8956] b mt trt - [14915]
benavidesit - [1498] b mt vng t cao b xi rnh - [6552]
benitoit - [1510] b mt xm thc - [3466]
benstonit - [1511] b phn p - [8611]
benton - [1512] bn vng - [15247]
bentonit - [1513] bn cng - [6712]
bentonit arkos - [1010] b - [1400]
bentonit kali - [11748],[11759],[7906] b - [2801]
bentorit - [1516] b chn - [1353]
beraunit - [1517] b cha nc - [12539]
berborit - [1518] b kh - [6039]
bergenit - [1520] b lm trong - [2815]
bergslagit - [1522] b lng - [13584],[2815]
Berias (t) - [1532] b magma - [8835]
beril mu xanh - [6512] b tc - [1345]
berkeli (Bk) - [1523] b than - [2956]
berlinit - [1524] b trm tch - [13433]
bermanit - [1527] b t hoi - [13541]
berndtit - [1528] b - [9116]
berndtit-C6 - [1529] b - [14357]
berthierin - [1535] b con sut - [14251]
berthierit - [1536] b phn p - [14350]
bertosait - [1537] b phn p (cctr) - [1525]
bertrandit - [1539] bnh bu c a phng - [4925]
beryit - [1534] bnh a phng - [4924]
beryl - [1540] bnh Itai-itai - [7726]
beryli (Be) - [1542] bnh Kashin Beck - [7895]
berylit - [1541] bnh Minamata - [9498]
beryl qu - [6353] bnh nhim c fluor - [5729]
berzelianit - [1546] bnh phi nhim bi silic - [13820]
berzeliit - [1547] bnh thiu cht - [3913]
berzelit cha mangan - [8957] bnh Urov - [16189]
besmertnovit - [1548] bianchit - [1567]
beta - [1549] Biaritji (t) - [1568]
beta-vredenburgit - [1557] bichulit - [1573]
betafit - [1558] bideauxit - [1576]
betekhtinit - [1559] bieberit - [1577]
betpakdalit - [1560] bin - [12726]
betpakdalit natri - [14036] bin cch nc - [7359]
beudanit - [1561] bin ca sc bn ko - [15252]
beusit - [1562] bin ng - [4637]
beyerit - [1564] bin ng t - [4682]
b - [12238],[12241] bin gii - [1852]

715
bin khi trt - [8211] bin i sau to - [7830]
bin mt ct qua lp t hoc - [3744] bin i tinh th - [9291]
bin cht - [9336] bin i tng - [5346]
bin cht bc thp - [8713] bin i t sinh - [9283]
bin cht c nt - [2405],[2409] bin s - [16267]
bin cht chng - [14888],[9348] bin sut (bin dng) dc trc (cctr) - [1227]
bin cht a k - [11662] bin sut (bin dng) khc bit - [4096]
bin cht ng ha - [15746] bin thnh kim loi - [9322]
bin cht a phng - [8619] bin th - [4348]
bin cht ng lc - [4635],[4647],[9161] bin th bn - [15348]
bin cht git li - [12594],[12599],[12953] bin th ca silic - [7755]
bin cht kh thnh - [11556] bin th a hnh - [11666]
bin cht nhit - [12093],[15388] bin th tam hnh - [15793]
bin cht nhit dch - [7216] bin thin (vl) - [16272]
bin cht nhit ng lc - [4648] bin thin t - [8890]
bin cht ni sinh - [4943] bin tinh c - [10675]
bin cht nung nng - [10384] bin tinh mi - [9988]
bin cht ph hy - [4339] bin tinh tha hnh - [16976]
bin cht su - [7258] bin tinh t hnh - [7311]
bin cht sm - [5015] bin t t gio - [8898]
bin cht tng trng - [11916] bin - [16641]
bin cht tip xc ngoi - [5257] bin bao quanh Pangea - [10788]
bin cht trao i - [9367] bin ct - [13156]
bin cht trao i khuych tn - [4210] bin cht - [3865]
bin cht trao i nhit - [12094] bin khi - [5050]
bin cht trao i nhit dch - [7217] bin khi su - [1414]
bin cht va p - [13691] bin ni lc - [3350]
bin cht xm nhp su - [11533] bin ra - [13669],[9019]
bin c c a l - [10695],[10743] bin su - [1411],[856]
bin c ngu nhin - [111] bin Tett - [15321]
bin dng - [14510],[3611],[3612],[3917],[3922],[4370] bin thm - [3896],[75]
bin dng ct - [13634] bin tin - [15687],[7588]
bin dng chy do - [17057] bin tin lc a - [3356]
bin dng chy do ngang - [8269] bin tin nht thi - [15241]
bin dng co ngt - [13729] biu b - [4751],[5064]
bin dng cng thi - [3325] biu b trong - [4946]
bin dng cc nh - [7448] biu ng cc - [4559]
bin dng di hn - [8658] biu - [13425],[2637],[4132],[4133]
bin dng do - [11437],[11447],[17051],[4586] biu A'KF (th) - [388]
bin dng do ca - [5702] biu ACF - [143]
bin dng do xon - [4370] biu AFM - [293]
bin dng d - [12546] biu ba cu t - [15284]
bin dng n hi - [4818],[4825] biu bin thin - [16273]
bin dng ng do lan truyn sng - [4641] biu cy huyt thng - [2806]
bin dng gy v - [2830] biu c kt-thi gian - [15525]
bin dng (bin sut) chnh - [11882] biu cng sinh thnh phn - [3192]
bin dng k in tr - [4837] biu ca sc k kh - [6031]
bin dng khng ng trc - [10130] biu do ca t - [11436],[11443]
bin dng khng xoay - [10143] biu ng mc ng sut - [3367]
bin dng khi tng - [15109],[15111] biu ln-thi gian - [13583],[15534]
bin dng lin tc - [3359] biu ghi ng t - [4684]
bin dng n - [1706] biu ging khoan - [8641]
bin dng phng - [11417] biu hnh ct - [6930]
bin dng qu mc - [10613] biu lc ct - [13625]
bin dng ti thi im ph hy - [14511] biu lc dc trc (cctr) - [1224]
bin dng tng trin - [11913] biu mt ct a chn - [13425]
bin dng th tch - [16526] biu momen un (cctr) - [1507]
bin dng ti hn - [15987] biu ngang (cctr) - [1321]
bin dng trt - [13634],[13938] biu nhiu x - [4208]
bin dng trc tip - [4284] biu nhit - [15402]
bin dng va p - [1706] biu nhit v mn - [15236]
bin dng xoay - [12947] biu "hng ro" - [5482]
bin i - [547] biu phn phi tri im - [4383]
bin i Affin - [288] biu phn hoa - [11629],[11633]
bin i ca khe nt - [4309] biu quan h rng v p lc - [11836]
bin i a hnh - [15683] biu tam gic - [15753]
bin i a hnh - [8454] biu ti trng- ln - [13579]
bin i kali - [11754] biu thch sinh - [11142]
bin i nhit dch - [7214] biu thit k - [4060]
bin i phng x - [12196] biu thy vn - [7158]
bin i phi cnh - [11123] biu tin - [11911]
bin i phylic - [11241] biu ng sut bin dng - [14629]

716
biu kin (cctr) - [882] bokit - [1785]
biu m - [5064] boleit - [1786]
biu m cung bm - [10970] bolivarit - [1787]
biu sinh - [12593],[5043],[7240],[7242] boltwoodit natri - [14037]
biu thc - [5301] boltwudit - [1789]
bit lp - [4331] bom - [1790]
Big Bang - [1580] bomb bng n - [5293]
bijvoetit - [1583] bom c hnh dng git nc - [15143]
bikitait - [1584] bom c nhn - [3446]
bilibinskit - [1585] bom dng phn b - [3508]
bilietit - [1587] bom dng thoi - [5967]
bilingsleyit - [1588] bom ng bnh - [10776]
bilinit - [1586] bom ni la - [16469]
bindheimit - [1592] bom v bnh m - [1913]
biolit - [1616] bonacordit - [1791]
biotit - [1633],[1685] bonattit - [1792]
biphosphamit - [1637] bonchevit - [1793]
biringucit - [1643] bong bng p lc (cctr) - [1994]
birnesit - [1644] boninit - [1796]
bisbecit - [1645] bonshtedtit - [1797]
bishofit - [1646] bo (B) - [1823]
bismit - [1650] boracit - [1801]
bismoclit - [1651] borat - [1802]
bismutid - [1658] borax - [1803]
bismutin - [1659] borcarit - [1806]
bismutinit - [1660] borishanskiit - [1817]
bismutit - [1661] bornemanit - [1818]
bismutoferrit - [1662] bornhardtit - [1820]
bismutohauchecornit - [1663] bornit - [1821]
bismutorerrit - [1664] borolanit - [1822]
bismutostibiconit - [1665] borovskit - [1824]
bismutotantalit - [1666] bostonit - [1830]
bismut spar - [1657] bostwickit - [1831]
bismut (Bi) - [1652] botalackit - [1832]
bismut teluric - [15217] botryogen - [1833]
bitum - [1671] boulangerit - [1841]
bityit - [1674] bowenit - [1868]
bixbyit - [1676] bowlingit - [1869]
bizardit - [1677] bowralit - [1870]
b - [4041],[4042] boyleit - [1872]
b tng dy - [13308] b lan - [12529]
bnh bin dng - [9781] bc lt - [5279]
bnh nguyn n nghing - [2919] bc mn - [4012],[4959]
bnh nguyn gia cc ni la - [7524] bc mn xung quanh - [2790]
bnh nguyn ni la - [16496] bc tr - [15161]
b y xung di - [16054] bng rm ng sut - [14627]
b ng - [10919] bng sa mc - [4055]
b t gy ph hy - [5426] b - [6]
b nt - [5611] B ba thy du (Olenellidae) - [10304]
b phn lp - [1472] B ba thy gc m - [6362]
b phn tng - [1472] B ba thy khng c ng khu (Hypoparia) - [7259]
b rng - [12043] B ba thy (Trilobita) - [15791]
b thng - [12043] bt - [1719]
b un np do cc qu trnh thnh to a cht - [5768] bt bin - [13374]
bjarebyit - [1678] bt bin cha silic - [13807]
blackmorit - [1695] Bt bin c gai bn tia - [2731]
blakeit - [1698] bt bin c khung xng mng li - [4181]
Blancan (t) - [1699] Bt bin (Porifera) - [11696],[14286]
blast - [13692] Bt bin su tia - [6868]
blend ruby - [12976] bt bin sng - [7927]
blend sch - [12049] Bt bin sng (Euceratosa) - [7027]
blixit - [1721] bt bin tht - [5646]
blocdit - [1723] Bt bin thng (Demospongea) - [3985]
blythit - [1758] bt bin trong sut - [6291]
bobierit - [1761] Bt bin trong sut (Hyalospongia) - [7103]
bocnit - [12050] Bt bin vi (Calcispongia) - [2125]
BOD - [1763] bt dung nham - [16213],[8301]
boehmit - [1768] bt kh - [16381]
bogdanovit - [1773] bt ni la - [16485]
boghedit - [1775] bng tuyt - [14004]
bogildit - [1774] bi p - [329]
bohdanowiczit - [1778] bi p va p - [13689]

717
bi kt - [122] b lc ti a - [9121]
bi kt lc a - [3331] b mc tay - [3608]
bi lp - [7437] b mc tay bm trc tip - [13572]
bi lp bn trm tch - [5564] b phn thay th nh k - [11671]
bi tch - [505],[506],[527],[528] b phn tip sng - [14808]
bi tch hnh mng nga - [516] b phin hm (cs) - [905]
bi tch lp y lng - [2615] b phng phi - [4890]
bi tch vng bin - [8139] b phi - [9790]
bi t - [329] b rng - [4010],[4011]
bn - [1400],[2801] b su tp - [15273]
bn artesi - [1047] b su tp qu - [6079]
bn b - [7440] b tay xon - [14263],[14264]
bn chn - [1353] b thit b cho khoan cp - [2046]
bn cht - [4569] b xng - [13911]
bn cha - [12539] b xng chung - [3047]
bn cha cc doi ct li lim - [11582] b xng ngoi - [5262]
bn cung cp - [12337] b xng ngoi - [5323]
bn cung cp nc cho sng - [12802] b xng tia xin - [5186]
bn u ngun - [6753] b xng trong - [4952]
bn a - [10771] bt - [13825],[423],[5399],[5687]
bn a cht thy vn - [7153] bt - [12844]
bn a ni lc (nm su trong t lin) - [7474] bt giu st - [2870]
bn ng - [2936] bt giy - [10793]
bn geyser - [6235] bt ht nh - [5586]
bn ht nhn - [10200] bt ht th - [2973]
bn ha tan - [14094] bt kt - [424]
bn kh - [4569] bt mi - [39]
bn kn - [2936] bt thuc mn en - [1689]
bn nhn chm - [11514],[11517] bm - [12035]
bn nc di t - [6577] bm bn - [9797]
bn nc trong hang - [14866] bm dung dch st - [9797]
bn sau cung - [1251] bm nn kh (bm air-lift) - [368]
bn sp l - [3074] bm nc th nghim - [12041]
bn st - [13970] bm pht b tng (va) bng kh nn - [11548]
bn tc - [1345] bm pht (cctr) - [7770]
bn thu nc - [12333],[2422],[3080],[6753] bm pht xi mng - [2504]
bn thy triu - [15477] b - [12726],[1311],[1499],[4881],[8436]
bn tiu nc - [4504] b bn l - [2334]
bn trm tch - [6102] b bi - [14522]
bn trm tch lc a - [3334] b bin - [12753],[13346],[13353],[13371],[13372],[13384],
bn trng cha du - [10290] [13387],[13696],[2975]
bn trng craton - [3530] b bin bng tch - [5623]
bn trng ca Tri t - [6125] b bin chu th - [3959]
bn trng - [12824] b bin c c v s vt - [8980]
bn trng lng cho - [7932] b bin c nhiu vnh nh - [2073]
bn trng ngp lt - [5667] b bin hnh bn nguyt hay li lim - [3541]
bn trc cung - [5793] b bin hnh cung - [9025],[9027]
bn t lu - [1047] b bin khc khuu - [2073]
bn Yoked - [17066] b bin kiu i Ty Dng - [1131]
b tt - [11746] b bin lin hp - [3182]
bc hi - [5218],[5220] b bin nhn to - [8988]
bc hi magma - [8845] b bin vng - [8467]
bc thot hi - [5223] b bin san h - [3424]
bn n tinh - [5840] b bin sng bng - [6280]
b tr - [8340] b bin thc vt - [16302]
b tr cc my thu khi c mt im n (mt ngun pht) - b bin tch t - [9036]
[13869] b bin un np - [5766]
b cp cng bc - [7420] b bin xi mn - [9037]
b sung - [12335] b ct - [3738]
b sung nhn to nc di t - [6574] b ct kha - [12672]
b bn l - [2341],[6917] b chn gi - [8372]
b bin i tng t sang s - [4216] b dc carbonat - [2305]
b bin i t gio - [8898] b - [13647]
b b (b tr) - [3160] b n nghing - [9653]
b cm bin c mng ngn - [11546] b h - [1311],[8165],[8166]
b chuyn i da trn nguyn l mng chn thy lc - b h di - [8615]
[7110] b h dc - [8163]
b d - [4073] b h - [10360]
b gip lng - [4466] b Liman - [8467]
b hm ti khoan - [7784] b ngang - [10360]
b lc - [5570] b ngoi (cs) - [610]
b lc di hp - [9892] b sau - [1263]

718
b sng bn l - [3738] bung iu khin - [2039]
b thm trn mt nc - [1525] bung gi - [4436]
b thoi ha do sng v dng chy - [14523] bung khai thc - [2063]
b tch t do gi - [16879] bung magma - [8832]
b tch t hn hp - [8768] bung tin ng - [11804]
b tch t sng - [12791] bung ng sut - [11828]
b vng bin - [8137],[8142] burangait - [2012]
b xi - [3738] burbankit - [2013]
bt - [4329] Burdigal (t) - [2015]
brabantit - [1873] burkeit - [2020]
bracewelit - [1876] burnonit - [1865]
brackebuschit - [1886] bursait - [2022]
bradleyit - [1888] burtit - [2023]
bragit - [1889] busingaultit - [1867]
braitschit - [1890] bustamit - [2024]
bramalit - [1891] buthit - [1800]
brandtit - [1895] butlerit - [2025]
branerit - [1896] bu lng bt g - [8124]
branockit - [1897] bu lng cng cao - [6907]
brasit - [1898] bu lng neo - [685]
braunit - [1901] bu lng n - [5270]
bravaisit - [1902] bn - [10351],[9792]
bravoit - [1903] bng n ni la - [5120]
brazilianit - [1911] bng n ven b bin - [8582]
bredigit - [1919] bn bin - [10351],[13360],[13361]
breithauptit - [1921] bn bin silic - [13804]
brenkit - [1922] bn cha si - [6475]
breunerit - [1923] bn cui - [6475]
brewsterit - [1925] bn dess - [4069]
brewsterlinit - [1926] bn diatom - [4161]
brezinait - [1927] bn dolomit - [4425]
brianit - [1928] bn en - [12401],[1686]
briartit - [1929] bn en y m ly - [6659]
Bridgeri (t) - [1931] bn - [12388]
Bringewoodi - [1935] bn globigerina - [6322]
britholit - [1936] bn khoan c cha kh ha tan - [6036]
britholit (Y) - [1937] bn lu hunh - [14854]
brocenit - [1947] bn mu lc - [6515]
brochantit - [1948] bn ni la - [16485],[16494]
brockit - [1949] bn st - [13975]
brogerit - [1950] bn si - [6475]
bromargyrit - [1954] bn sulfur - [14854]
bromelit - [1955] bn to silic - [4161]
bromlit - [1957] bn tch - [7331]
brom (Br) - [1956] bn trng l - [5787]
bronzit - [1958] bn vi - [2093],[2114]
brownmilerit - [1966] bn xanh - [1749]
brucit - [1967] bn xm - [6505]
brugerit - [1968] ba ng cc - [4562]
brugnatelit - [1969] ba hi ng cc - [14409]
brukit - [1959] ba nhn c - [1667]
brunekit - [1970] ba schmidt - [13271]
brunogeierit - [1971] Bt (Graptolithina) - [6466]
brushit - [1973] bi - [4619]
Bruxeli (t) - [1974] bi to - [432],[436]
buchonit - [1979] bi vng - [6348]
budina kin to - [15174] bng - [15],[16324],[16327]
budingtonit - [1984] bc sng - [16711]
buergerit - [1986] bu u lt - [8634]
buetschilit - [1987] bu qung - [10450],[10452]
bukovit - [1991] bc tranh sng (vl) - [16715]
bukovskyit - [1992] bc x m thanh - [167]
bulachit - [1993] bc x chn lc - [13491]
Bulit (t) - [1995] bc x ion ha - [7618]
bultfonteinit - [2003] bc x kh quyn - [1138]
bunsenit - [2006] bc x ph - [14202]
Bunter - [2007] bc x v tr - [3475]
Buntsandstein (t) - [2007] bysmalith - [2036]
bung - [2497],[2602],[7120] by-water - [2035]
bung p sut (dng trong th nghim nn ba trc) - cabriit - [2047]
[15759] cacoxenit - [2049]
bung m - [9618] cadmia - [2054]

719
cadmi (Cd) - [2055] cao nguyn - [11017],[11451],[16120],[6901],[6904],[8093]
cadwaladerit - [2058] cao nguyn p lc - [11832]
Caerfai - [2060] cao nguyn bng - [7300]
cafarsit - [2062] cao nguyn ct - [13150]
cahnit - [2065] cao nguyn cu trc - [14704]
Cainozoi (Kainozoi) - [2067] cao nguyn chu th - [3958]
Calabri (t) - [2074] cao nguyn chia ct - [4352]
calaghanit - [2159] cao nguyn dung nham - [8316]
calamin - [2075] cao nguyn - [5621]
calamin dng t - [4692] cao nguyn vi - [2446]
calamit - [2076] cao nguyn y bin - [14775]
calaverit - [2077] cao nguyn gia ni - [7547]
calcarenit - [2084] cao nguyn karst - [7886]
calciborit - [2103] cao nguyn rt cao - [555]
calci (Ca) - [2131] cao trnh - [4859]
calcilutit - [2113] Cape bc - [13840]
calcimicrit - [2114] capelenit - [2247]
calciocopiapit - [2116] cara - [2262]
calcioferit - [2117] caracolit - [2255]
calciotantit - [2118] Caradoc - [2256]
calciouranoit - [2119] caratit - [2263]
calciovolborthit - [2120] carbankerit - [2264]
calcit - [2126],[2142] carbargilit - [2265]
calcitit - [2129] carbid - [2266]
calcit Bng o (Greenland) - [6518] carbid Ca - [2133]
calcit ct - [13126] carbit - [2267]
calcit dng spat - [14162] carbocer - [2268]
calcit ha - [2130] carbocernait - [2269]
calcit l hng - [5020] carboit - [2271]
calcit magnesi - [8861],[8876] carbon - [2314]
calcit mangan - [8968] carbonado - [2294]
calcit ti kt tinh - [12351] carbonatit - [2311]
calcit ton sinh - [5020] carbonat bt - [2342]
calcjarlit - [2139] carbonat calci ht mn - [4528]
calclacit - [2140] carbonat cyanotrichit - [2300]
calcurmolit - [2144] carbonat ha - [2310],[2312]
caldera - [2145] carbonat hydroxylapatit - [2304]
caldera n - [5289] carbonat kt tinh - [3651]
caldera sp l - [3072] Carbon h - [8722]
caldera st - [14800] carbon ha - [2317],[2318],[2320]
caldera xm thc - [5108] carbon hu c ha tan - [4360]
calderit - [2149] carbon (C) - [2273]
Caledonid - [2151] Carbon (t) - [2316]
caledonit - [2152] carbon 14 - [2274]
calkinsit - [2158] Carbon-Permi - [11112]
Callovi - [2160] carbon phng x - [12212]
calo - [2165] Carbon thng - [16126]
calomel - [2164] Carbon trn - [16126]
caltonit - [2166] carborundum - [2323]
calumetit - [2167] carboydit - [2370]
calvonigrit - [2169] carbua silic - [2323]
calyptolit - [2171] carclazit - [2326]
calzirtit - [2174] Caridea - [2343]
Cambri - [2177] carinit - [2382]
Camerata - [2179] carletonit - [2346]
Campan - [2181] carlfriesit - [2347]
Campania (t) - [2181] carlhintzeit - [2348]
campanit - [2182] carliifornit - [2349]
camptonit - [2183] carlinit - [2350]
camptospesartit - [2184] carmeloit - [2355]
canaanit - [2185] carminit - [2356]
Canadi - [2188] carnalit - [2357]
canadit - [2190] carnegieit - [2358]
canasit - [2196] Carni (t) - [2361]
canavesit - [2197] carnotit - [2363]
cancrinit - [2199] carobiit - [2364]
caneol mu vng (mt loi chalcedon) - [2195] carolit - [2371]
canfieldit - [2204] carota - [6191],[8644]
canh gi Tri t - [4688] carota in - [4833]
caolin - [2326] carota mt - [4002]
cao im - [2894] carota neutron - [10043]
cao - [4859] carota neutron-gamma - [10042]

720
carota neutron kch hot - [10041] cc giai on nghin cu a cht - [14361]
carota neutron-neutron - [10044] cc hnh tinh vng ngoi - [10556]
carota nhit - [15235] cc hnh tinh vng trong - [7485]
carota sn - [8262] cc hng s n hi ca khi - [4817]
carota t ht nhn - [10201] cc hu qu v kinh t ca tnh mt n nh - [4724]
carpholit - [2366] cc h s (yu t) chuyn i - [3388]
carphosiderit - [2367] cc ion b hp ph - [252]
carsbergit - [2354] cc ion c th trao i - [5241]
caryopilit - [2383] cc khe nt h thng - [15032]
cascadit - [2385] cc khe nt khng c tnh h thng - [10145]
casidyit - [2393] cc khe bin (cctr) - [1858]
casiterit SnO2 - [2394] cc khi a - [14487]
Cassadagi - [2392] cc l vm - [3599]
caswelsilverit - [2399] cc lp ph m thch cao trong cc m mui - [2219]
cataclasit - [2402] cc mc song song - [10847]
cataclastic texture - [11835] cc ngun cp vn cho cng tc thm d a cht - [5576]
catapheilit calci - [2134] cc ngun kinh ph thm d a cht - [5576]
cataphorit - [2411],[2431] cc ngun tin cho thm d a cht - [5576]
catapleiit - [2412] cc nguyn t c tim nng c hi - [11771]
catawberit - [2418] cc nguyn t t him - [12409]
catazon - [2419] cc nguyn t a - [8563]
Cathaysia - [2427] cc nhn t sinh hc - [1632]
catierit - [2436] cc php chiu trong thnh lp bn - [11123]
cation - [2428] cc php hiu chnh trng lc - [6498]
catoptrit - [2432] cc phng php a vt l ging khoan - [8644]
caulk - [2445] cc phng php khai thc dng tr lc nhn to (cctr) -
caustobiolith - [2447] [1063]
caustophytolith - [2449] cc phng php khai thc m - [9552]
caustozoolith - [2450] cc phng php phn tch ng sut - [9399]
cavalorit - [2453] cc phng php phn tch ng sut s tr - [3217]
cavansit - [2454] cc pyrit st - [7650]
cayeuxit - [2483] cc ri lon do thiu ht iod - [7606]
caysichit - [2484] cc tai bin nhn to - [8984]
Cayugi (t) - [2485] cc tai bin t nhin - [9930]
Cazenovi (t) - [2486] cc thnh phn - [3178]
c nt - [17185],[2401] cc vnh tch t - [133]
cng chu nng hn - [16988] cc yu t a t - [8883]
cng ln cao dc ca sn cng ln - [16134] cc yu t i xng - [14977]
cy mn - [11491] cch nc - [16683]
C d gip - [6856] cch thc - [9596]
C mang phin - [4814] ci cn - [1285]
C mp nguyn thy - [2808] ci ry - [13766]
C su nguyn thy - [5022] cnh - [2884],[8211],[8468]
C sn - [2723] cnh di - [8725]
c th d - [6861] cnh ng bng - [7299]
c th a hnh - [7922] cnh ng car - [7876]
c th nh b - [9883] cnh ng khi tng - [1724]
c th ng - [13897] cnh ng vn - [7852]
c th ngn - [3794] cnh ng thi - [16600]
c th sinh - [6368] cnh g - [3487]
c th t dng (cs) - [1196] cnh np un - [13612]
c ton u - [12307],[6956] cnh nghch ln ca t gy phay nghch - [16123],[16124]
C vng mu - [3597] Cnh rng (Eurypterida) - [5196]
C xng sn - [2726] cnh sao - [1108]
cc cu trc (thnh phn - [8501] cnh treo - [6704]
cc cht hot ng b mt - [14911] cnh treo ca t gy thun - [15459]
cc ch s a chn xc nh cht lng - [13465] cnh treo ca mt t gy - [16130]
cc cc - [8634] cp - [2040]
cc dy phn r actini - [180] cp vn chuyn - [2041]
cc dng cng tc thm d a cht ph tr - [1157] ct - [13117],[14477],[8076],[968],[969]
cc d n ca Qu mi trng ton cu - [6067] ct asphalt - [1092]
cc c cu to phn tm - [8180] ct bay - [1743]
cc c kin trc vi ophit - [9421] ct bi - [4620],[8613]
cc pha tri ln ca t gy - [16117] ct bi lng ng - [13829]
cc to thnh t magma - [8857] ct chy - [12177],[13155],[1783]
cc vn khng c carbonat - [13809] ct chung - [12744]
cc i lng bt bin ca ng sut - [7587] ct cha bt st - [13834]
cc iu kin bin cho bi ton kt cu (cctr) - [1854] ct cha kh - [6041]
cc nh c cng cao - [119] ct cha st - [7652]
cc ng ng mc c nh ch s - [7388] ct cha si - [6476]
cc ng song song - [10847] ct en - [1690]
cc giai on nh gi a cht - [14361] ct m - [2030]

721
ct n - [13125] cnh trong - [7487]
ct n - [4605] cn kit nc di t - [6581]
ct giu st - [2868] cng - [15259]
ct ht nh - [5585] cng k - [5306]
ct ht rt nh - [5688] cn nguyn - [12900]
ct ht th - [2972] cm ca mt ng thng - [11515]
ct kt - [13157],[8539] ct b - [3742]
ct kt arkos - [1009],[1014] ct ct dn - [15845]
ct kt m tiu - [2482] ct n - [13854]
ct kt cha cui - [3274] ct c - [13424]
ct kt cha st - [984] ct gia tng - [7581]
ct kt cha vi - [2095] ct kiu bc - [15720]
ct kt c glauconit - [6729] ct kiu hoa hng - [12918]
ct kt doi ct ngm - [2482] ct kiu sao - [14385]
ct kt dolomit - [4416] ct qua - [15712]
ct kt a khong giu feldspar - [5454] ct qua sng ni gia i dng - [12689]
ct kt Fontainebleau - [5775] ct thng - [3740]
ct kt giu feldspar - [5460] ct thun ty - [12048]
ct kt giu ht vn mnh cha nhiu feldspar - [5456] ct trt - [13621]
ct kt giu mica - [5634] ct trc tip - [4283]
ct kt giu st - [2869] cn - [12560]
ct kt giu thch anh - [8536] cn carbon - [2288]
ct kt glauconit - [6298],[6301] cn st trong nc hm m - [2206]
ct kt graywack - [6508] cn bng - [1285],[1286],[5082],[6387]
ct kt graywack giu feldspar - [5455] cn bng bn - [14352]
ct kt khng thun khit - [4292] cn bng do - [11438]
ct kt tinh sch - [2876] cn bng a ha - [6107]
ct kt tuf - [15873] cn bng ng nht - [6986]
ct kt t sinh - [1185] cn bng ng - [4631]
ct khai - [2878] cn bng m - [5559]
ct khai hnh i mt - [11331] cn bng ha hc - [2653]
ct khai hnh tm mt - [10263] cn bng khng ng nht - [6843]
ct khai hnh thp - [12059] cn bng khng n nh - [16106]
ct khai lng tr - [11888] cn bng nng lng - [4962]
ct khai lp phng - [3672] cn bng nc - [16605]
ct khai mt thoi - [12652] cn bng nc di t - [6575]
ct khai song song - [10836] cn bng phng x - [12201]
ct khong - [9527] cn bng san bng - [5085]
ct ln vi vt liu hu c - [8613] cn bng ti trng - [5082]
ct lng - [2621] cn bng thy tnh - [7203]
ct mi - [2323] cn bng thy vn - [7171]
ct mu lc - [6521] cn i - [5081]
ct mn - [10651] cn i tr lng khong sn - [12465]
ct pht m thanh - [12816] cn joly - [7807]
ct phong thnh - [4604] cn Westphal - [16801]
ct ph - [3504] cy - [11431]
ct ri - [13135] cy dung nham - [8320]
ct san lp c gn kt - [2508] cy tinh th mui - [13074]
ct st - [2862] cy Vy (Lepidodendraceace) - [8404]
ct silic - [2674] cn ko - [4521]
ct silica - [13794] cn khoan - [11894],[1814]
ct silic phong ha - [1136] cn khuy trn - [341]
ct si (cctr) - [1783] cn my khoan tay - [7816]
ct si - [13125] cn xuyn - [11894],[14137]
ct thi - [13124] cu - [1930]
ct thy tinh - [6290] cu bin - [13345],[13348]
ct tro - [1085] cu cn (m) - [16891]
ct tri - [13132] cu t - [8196]
ci to t - [8203] cu c hng - [2213]
ci thin kh hu - [2892] Cu gai (Echinoidea) - [4704]
ci thin nn t - [6562] cu karst - [7878]
cm bin ch ng t xa - [198] cu lava tng trng - [128]
cm bin dy rung - [16395] cu ni la - [16467],[8300]
cm x hc - [12192] cu phao - [11680],[5657]
cnh quan karst - [7889] cu tu - [7773]
cnh quan t nhin - [11252],[9937] cu tuf (kt hch tuf) - [15867]
cnh quan xm thc - [4959] cu t nhin - [1930],[9928]
cnh sinh thi - [4742] cu vm (cctr) - [929]
cn tr c hc - [9160] cp - [6387],[8439]
cn tr a ha - [6108] cp (cs) - [12278]
cn tr ha-l - [11259] cp dng chy - [14598]
cnh ngoi - [10559] cp ht - [6387]

722
cp mnh vn - [2836] cu trc dng mt - [10259]
cp phong ha: phn r mnh - [16735] cu trc dng r - [12632]
cp phong ha: phn r trung bnh - [16736] cu trc dng tm - [14626]
cp phong ha: phn r yu - [16738] cu trc dng tuyn trn nh hng khng - [369]
cp phong ha: ti - [16734] cu trc dng c - [10686]
cp phong ha: t tn tch - [16737] cu trc - [12860]
cp phi tt - [16778] cu trc t - [5340]
cp sng (m) - [8902] cu trc hai lp - [15948]
cp thm - [12335] cu trc h thng sng song song - [10838]
cu to - [14674],[14711] cu trc hnh mt - [5332]
cu to bin dng - [15165] cu trc hnh thi - [9725]
cu to bin dch chuyn kh - [366] cu trc khe nt vung gc - [12353]
cu to bt (th) - [16383] cu trc kin to - [15168]
cu to bng hoa dng (li) - [11729] cu trc nhit - [15392]
cu to ct riedel - [12692] cu trc ni t gy v bn a - [1402]
cu to chc ba - [15800] cu trc ni la n - [3643]
cu to ch Y - [15800] cu trc phn i - [17161]
cu to dng b - [10647],[13620] cu trc Tot (cu trc bn-su mt) - [15642]
cu to dng ct - [3775] cu trc tuyn tnh trn nh hng khng - [370]
cu to dng ui c - [5606] cu trc vng - [12742]
cu to dng rnh - [5110] cu trc va - [2407]
cu to dng si - [5546] cu trc xp cht - [2935]
cu to dng chy - [5700] cu t Rng nn c si - [5547]
cu to dng nh hng - [448] cm nang - [6700]
cu to nh hng - [4289] cm thch - [2777],[9009]
cu to edgewis - [4769] cm thch ha - [9062],[9063],[9068],[9069]
cu to emulsi - [4911] Cn Bc - [14743]
cu to ghp mnh - [9737] cn cng - [14805]
cu to gneis - [6335],[6336],[6339],[6340] cn i ty dng - [14741]
cu to gi - [11321] cn a tng - [10867],[11939]
cu to hai tng - [15948] 1988) c ngha l chng ln - [14895]
cu to hnh ct - [3119] cebolit - [2487]
cu to hnh a - [4334] cechit - [2488]
cu to hoa hng - [12919] cecilit - [2489]
cu to kt vn - [3238] cedarit - [2490]
cu to kh n - [6037] cedricit - [2491]
cu to khi - [9095] celadonit - [2492]
cu to khc di - [11333],[13208] celestin - [2493]
cu to mng li - [2496] celestit - [2494]
cu to mt li - [9255] celsian - [2499]
cu to mt nc - [5711] cenment (xi mng) - [2500]
cu to mulion - [9805] Cenoman - [2510]
cu to ngn la - [5635] cenosit - [2512]
cu to nhn v v - [3435] cenotypal - [2513]
cu to nh tng - [4911] cenuglomerat - [2535]
cu to (cu trc) trng thnh - [15354] Ceratitida - [2537]
cu to "nn chng nn" - [3248] cerianit - [2542]
cu to phn gii - [17105] ceri (Ce) - [2545]
cu to phn tm - [8180] cerit - [2544]
cu to tam gic chu - [3960] cernyit - [2546]
cu to to - [440] cerotungstit - [2547]
cu to tm - [11470],[15053] cerulat - [2548]
cu to th - [9183] ceruleit - [2549]
cu to tinh hc - [9410] cerulen - [2550]
cu to t ong - [2496] cerusit - [2551]
cu to trm tch - [13437] cervantit - [2552]
cu to vch ngn - [2496] cesanit - [2553]
cu to vy - [13686] cesarolit - [2554]
cu to vm - [2176] cesbronit - [2555]
cu to vng - [12742] cesi (Cs) (M: cesium) - [2061]
cu to xp vy - [2328] cestibtantit - [2557]
cu to xin sng - [5639] ceylonit - [2558]
cu to xc xch - [13208] chabazit (chabasite) - [2559]
cu to yn nga o - [15832] chaburneit - [2560]
cu trc - [14674],[14711],[3316] Chadron (t) - [2562]
cu trc alochem - [477] chai cung bm - [10968]
cu trc ba lp - [15453] chai xc nh dung trng - [4000]
cu trc bnh gn - [12758] chalantit - [2599]
cu trc c nt - [11709],[2407] chalcanthit - [1753],[2570]
cu trc cu - [1294] chalcanthit (kv) - [1756]
cu trc cha qung - [9305] chalcedon - [2175],[2572]
cu trc dng ct (kv) - [3119] chalcedonit - [2571]

723
chalcedon mu xanh - [6513]
chalcedon nga vn - [17101]
chalcedon pht - [2359],[2360]
chalco - [2574]
chalcoalumit - [2575]
chalcocit - [2576]
chalcocit b hng - [14124]
chalcocit cao nhit - [6897]
chalcocyanit - [2577]
chalcodit - [2578]
chalcolit - [2579]
chalcomenit - [2581]
chalconatronit - [2582]
chalcopenlandit - [2583]
chalcophanit - [2584]
chalcophil - [2585]
chalcophylit - [2586]
chalcopyrit - [2587]
chalcosiderit - [2588]
chalcosin - [2589],[3405]
chalcostibit - [2590]
chalcothalit - [2591]
chalcotrichit - [2592]
chalmersit - [2600]
chalybit - [2601]
chambersit - [2604]
chamcanit - [2605]
chamosit - [2606]
Champlain - [2607]
changbaiit - [2608]
Changhsing (t) - [2611]
chantalit - [2624]
chaoit - [2625]
chaotic - [2627]
chapmanit - [2630]
Charmouthi - [2635]
charnockit kim - [455]
charoit - [2636]
chatkalit - [2639]
Chatti (t) - [2642]
Chautauquan (t) - [2643]
chy nghin qung - [10451]
chy - [12173],[17051],[5704]
chy do - [17051]
chy i - [10561]
chy nc xung mc thp hn - [14316]
chy trn ngp lt - [527]
chy xit - [14881],[5731]
chc - [5963]
chc ui - [2440]
chm - [5158]
chm tr - [13341]
chm tr hnh thi - [9724]
chm vng (cs) - [262]
chc - [5598]
chn - [1999]
cht - [15514],[3147],[3997]
chn - [5778]
chn bm - [6709]
chn bng - [2435]
Chn bng - [6047]
Chn bng c vy ym - [10370]
Chn bng (Gastropoda) - [6049]
Chn cho (Copepoda) - [3401]
chn u dng Nautiloidea - [9953]
Chn u (Cephalopoda) - [2536]
chn p - [15581],[15582]
chn p pha thng lu - [6756]
chn mt ct - [3745]
chn - [11922]
chn khi trt - [8212]
chn km - [2648]
chn lc a - [3333],[3348]
chn mi dc - [15582]
chn mt (cs) - [614]
chn (ni) - [1382]
chn (r) dung nham - [8319]
chn ni - [9758]
Chn ru (Cirripedia) - [2799]
chn ru - [11001]
chn sng - [16705]
chn sn - [5779]
chu th - [3949]
chu th chn chim - [1641],[4215]
chu th c dng qut bi tch - [5393]
chu th ca sng - [5153]
chu th u h - [8155]
chu th u vnh - [1435]
chu th i - [7851]
chu th i triu thp - [8714]
chu th hp - [8437]
chu th hnh nn - [3246]
chu th hnh qut - [5392]
chu th hnh thnh do bo - [14504]
chu th hnh vng cung - [950]
chu th h - [8152]
chu th ngon ngoo - [5136]
chu th nh - [7382]
chu th nhn u - [3724]
chu th tip xc bng h - [7291]
chu th triu kit - [4696]
chu th vnh - [1430]
chu th xoy - [7094]
chn ng - [6571],[9750]
chn tm ngoi - [5032]
chn tiu ng t - [13464],[7248]
chn tiu su ca v ng t - [7543]
chp nhn - [101],[241]
cht bc - [16457]
cht ch th phng x - [12203]
cht DDT - [3855]
cht dieldrin - [4186]
cht dit tr (ha cht bo v thc vt) - [11131]
cht ng v - [7719]
cht c ha hc TCDD (2 - [15138]
cht gn kt - [1590]
cht gn kt bitum - [1672]
cht gy nhim - [11640],[3323]
cht gy nhim th sinh - [13413]
cht gy nhim vi lng - [9460]
cht gy ung th - [2325]
cht gia c - [14351]
cht kt dnh - [1590]
cht khong ha to qung - [10434]
cht lm cng (nn t - [14349]
cht lng ng ngoi mt vch - [5056]
cht lng ng thnh v - [9822]
cht lng ng trong siphon - [13892]
cht lp y khe nt - [4314]
cht lng - [9221]
cht lng c - [1669]
cht lng khng trn ln (qu trnh phn d magma lng) -
[8523]
cht lng - [12127]
cht lng cao - [6899]
cht lng nc - [16658]
cht lng nc hoc cht lng khc c bm (v d nh
nc di t) - [12036]
cht lu do - [11440]
cht nhp nhy - [13305]
cht n - [4074],[5297]
cht n ha hc - [2654]
cht phn tn - [3919],[4345]
cht phng x - [12216]
724
cht ph gia - [222] chi lu mc xch - [1327]
cht rn ha tan - [4362] chi ph bo dng - [16101]
cht solvat (cht tan) - [14116] chi ph cng tc thm d a cht - [5275]
cht ti ng do n mn - [4634] chi ph iu tra thm d - [5285]
cht ti lch tm - [4699] chi ph a cht - [5275]
cht thi (ph thi) - [16595] chi ph hnh chnh - [240]
cht thi phng x - [12208] chi ph nghin cu v pht trin - [12532]
cht thm - [222] chi ph qun l - [240]
cht v bo t phn hoa - [14313] chi ph s dng - [12991]
cht xc tc - [100] chi ph thm d - [5275]
cht xc tc trong phun b tng - [98] chi ph thm d cho mt n v tr lng khong sn -
chu - [11742] [16088]
chu bn a sc - [10659] chi ph tm hiu ban u - [13321]
chu trng (caldera) - [11376] chi roi - [5631]
chelkarit - [2649] chi tit thy lc - [7121]
Chemung (t) - [2667] childrenit - [2686]
chenevixit - [2668] Chim mi - [10000]
cheo leo - [3518] chiolit - [2695]
cheralit - [2670] ch chu - [11775]
chernovit - [2671] ch d thng - [771]
chernykhit - [2672] ch do phng x sinh ra - [12221]
chervetit - [2678] ch en - [1682]
chesexit - [2679] ch - [12384]
Chesteri (t) - [2680] ch (Pb) - [8346]
chevkinit - [2681] ch thng thng - [10407]
chn nm - [16752] chm ngp - [14788]
chn - [3687] chnh - [2329]
chn c - [3757],[935] ch s - [7387]
chnh lch - [4096] ch s bng n - [5295]
ch - [12461] ch s cht lng khi (Q) - [15902]
ch nhit ca vng t c bng vnh cu - [11070] ch s chn lc - [6399]
ch nc - [16661] ch s coli - [3068]
ch thy vn - [12462] ch s co ngt - [13731]
ch thc - [12326] ch s do - [7393]
chch dng - [3917],[4403] ch s do (ca t) - [11441],[11444]
chi - [5778] ch s i xng ca vt gn - [12769]
chia nhnh bn trong - [4957] ch s ng nng - [4964]
chia nhnh pha ngoi - [5265] ch s cht - [3298]
chia thnh phng - [2179] ch s st - [3298]
chiastolit - [2684] ch s felsic - [5472]
Chickasawhay (t) - [2685] ch s gn sng - [12763],[12772]
chiu cao - [4859],[556],[6780] ch s ho cng - [13736]
chiu cao ct nc mao dn - [6779] ch s hot ng - [205]
chiu cao khng phi chng thnh - [16110] ch s ha cng - [14080]
chiu cao (cs) - [6778] ch s hu hiu - [205]
chiu cao t do - [16110] ch s kt tinh - [3661]
chiu cao vt gn - [12762],[12771] ch s khc x - [7392]
chiu cao vng cun - [16849] ch s lng - [5714],[7390],[8527]
chiu di khi trt - [8215] ch s l rng - [11699]
chiu di sui - [14591] ch s mafic - [9408]
chiu di tng - [8225] ch s mafic (vit tt MI) - [8820]
chiu dy tht - [15843] ch s mu - [3098]
chiu dy biu kin - [892] ch s nng lng - [4964]
chiu rng ca gn - [12770] ch s nn - [3209]
chiu rng ca vt gn - [12768],[12770] ch s nhm - [6609]
chiu rng ti hn - [3578] ch s Nigli - [10082],[10083]
chiu rng vt gn - [12773] ch s 0 - [10206]
chiu su - [4029] ch s phn d - [4207]
chiu su bnh thng - [10033] ch s thch anh - [12149]
chiu su hay su ming ni la - [3523] ch s tc sng m - [16313]
chic gy d tm mch nc ngm - [4274] ch s Trng l - [5783]
chic gy thn - [4407] ch s vt gn - [12763]
chic que ph thy - [16908] ch s vi-kim - [462]
chit khu - [4329] ch s xo trn mu t - [12512]
chit sut hay ch s khc x - [12448] ch th sinh hc - [1621]
chit sut k Abbe - [12] ch th tm kim gin tip - [7407]
chit sut tng i - [12490] ch th tm kim trc tip - [4278]
chi bm - [2821] ch tiu khong sn - [12128]
chi ui - [2442],[2540],[2541] chnh hp - [114],[116],[3231],[3269],[3270]
chi giao phi - [2821] chnh hp phng - [11427]
chi km - [2646] chnh l - [237]
chi lu - [290],[7455] chu ti - [1459]

725
chkalovit - [2699] chu k - [12837]
chlorargyrit - [2702] chu k a cht - [6143]
choloalit - [2721] chu k a kin to - [6213]
chondrit c carbon - [2290] chu k a mng (chu k kin to-tectonic cycle) - [6203]
chondrodit - [2724] chu k ng t - [4683]
Chonetidina - [2728] chu k ng b - [13704]
cho vay - [8614] chu k gim nhit vo cui Holocen - [9175]
chong - [1667] chu k kh nng - [1000]
Choristida - [2731] chu k kin to - [15160]
chm sao Maket - [2250] chu k ni la - [16479],[5124]
chm sao thin ngu - [2250] chu k phun tro - [5124]
chp - [3598] chu k sinh a ha - [1609]
chp nn ni la - [16477] chu k sinh vch - [13533]
chn lc tt - [16786] chu k to ni - [6143]
chn v tr t my - [13576] chu k trm tch - [3762],[484]
chn lp (cht thi) - [8200] chu k vng chu th - [3952]
chn nc thi vo ging su - [3908] chu k Wilson - [16869]
chng - [14889] chu k xm thc - [3761]
chng cht - [14895] chu k xm thc sng - [5735]
chng ghp bn - [8340] chu trnh bnh thng - [10161]
chng ngang (cctr) - [1874],[1885] chu trnh carbon - [2280]
ch bin i t ngt ca a hnh - [1914] chu trnh chun - [10161]
ch bin i t ngt ca sn - [11284] chu trnh thy vn - [7173]
ch b phng - [1719] chu trnh vng - [3759]
ch cao - [12776] chuyn gia qu - [6082]
ch dc - [12776] chuyn t a tng - [14560]
ch san lp - [1160] chuyn dch - [15692]
ch t tht li - [14520] chuyn dch cu trc - [14686]
ch gy sn lc a - [13663] chuyn dch ca mt t do n mn - [6571],[9750]
ch h thp ca mt t do xi mn - [12402] chuyn dch n nghing - [16075]
ch h gia hai vm ca hang - [10913] chuyn dch hi t - [3383]
ch l - [10549] chuyn dch nn t - [6565]
ch m rng - [1946] chuyn dng - [13681]
ch nc xoy - [10591],[1262] chuyn i - [2609]
ch tht nt - [9963] chuyn i mt bn a i tng sang mt tp d liu
ch trng - [6950] dng ma trn s - [12298]
ch trng cha nc - [16635] chuyn ng - [6571],[9750]
ch un cong nhn - [8109] chuyn ng m - [9974]
chm - [15460],[15464] chuyn ng dng - [11731]
chm nghch - [10615] chuyn ng khi - [12838],[9078]
chm trt - [10214] chuyn ng mao dn - [2236]
chun a mng - [10822] chuyn ng nng - [11731]
chun a tng - [14571],[15957] chuyn ng ngc t di ln - [10620]
chun a tng b phn - [3177] chuyn ng quay - [12936],[12945]
chun a tng (mt ct chun) b khuyt - [8368] chuyn ng th k - [13427]
chun a tng (mt ct chun) b sung - [10868] chuyn ng tnh tin - [15697]
chun a tng (mt ct chun) nguyn thu - [6964] chuyn ng trt khi - [13969]
chun a tng (mt ct chun) phn v - [16094] chuyn ha - [15683]
chun a tng (mt ct chun) ph tr - [7267] chuyn ha v lc a thnh v i dng - [10256]
chun a tng (mt ct chun) thay th - [10002] chuyn hng - [4404]
chun a tng lin hp - [3189] chuyn pha bc hai - [13423]
chun a tng ranh gii - [1859] chuyn th - [14812]
chun a tng tng - [5349] chuyn tip - [17207]
chun phn phi F - [5439] chuyn tip thi gian - [15538]
chun v than ha - [2317] chuyn v chu vi - [2793]
chudobait - [2758] chuyn v ng - [16358]
chukhrovit - [2759] chuyn v gc - [737]
chunam - [2760] chuyn v ngang - [7009]
chui - [16473],[2424],[2565] chuyn v ton b - [15645]
chui cc - [11623] chm ni la - [16475]
chui hay lot ming ni la - [2567] chy ngoi - [5055]
chui kt hch st - [5644] ch ng (cctr) - [200]
churchit - [2761] chp nh hng khng - [281]
chursinit - [2763] chp u cc - [4558]
chu k - [3759] chp X quang - [17004]
chu k bin i tng i ca mc bin - [10810] cha b phong ha - [16112]
chu k Bouma - [1850] cha ch bin - [12316],[3602]
chu k bc mn - [3760] cha c kt - [16041]
chu k cht ti - [8610] cha np (c quy) - [16028]
chu k ca vng bin - [8133] cha thnh th nhng - [1243]
chu k dao ng nc di t - [11230] cha trng thnh - [7349]
chu k dng chy - [12995] chng trnh - [11908]

726
chng trnh Khoan i dng - [10275] clinoungemachit - [2925]
chng trnh khoan i dng (ODP) - [10246] clinozoisit - [2926]
chng trnh mi trng Lin hip quc - [16063] clintonit - [2929]
chng trnh mi trng Lin hip quc (vit tt UNEP) - clo ha (nc) - [2703]
[16091] clo (Cl) - [2704]
chng trnh ngh s 21 - [324] cloraluminit - [2700]
chng trnh qun l h thng file - [5287] clorapatit - [2701]
chng trnh UNESCO "Con ngi v sinh quyn" (MAB) - clorit - [2705]
[11909] cloritoit - [2707]
cha bo t phn hoa - [10766] clorit n - [14954]
cha bc - [2194] clormagaluminit - [2708]
cha calcit - [2083] clormanganokalit - [2709]
cha carbon - [2278],[2289],[2313],[2316] clorofluorocarbon (CFCs) - [2710]
cha du kh - [11158] clorofluorometan - [2711]
cha hoa - [9066] cloromagnesit - [2712]
cha qu - [6081] clorophaeit - [2713]
cha t - [4690] clorophoenicit magnesi - [8877]
cha feldspar - [5453] clorospinel - [2714]
cha foid - [5754] clorothionit - [2715]
cha ha thch - [5833] clorotil - [2716]
cha kali - [11753] cloroxiphit - [2717]
cha kt hch pyrit - [1899] clostridia kh sulfit - [14847]
cha kim loi - [9303],[9315],[9319] Clymeniida - [2950]
cha mui - [13054],[13062],[13096] coalingit - [2963]
cha nhm (Al) - [572] cobal dng t - [4693]
cha nc - [16606] cobal trng - [16820]
cha nc ch trng - [4028] cobaltit - [2994]
cha oxid nhm (Al2O3) - [566] cobaltkoritnigit - [2995]
cha qung - [10413],[9303],[9315] cobaltocalcit - [2996]
cha st - [5535] cobaltomenit - [2997]
cha st - [981] cobalt - [12369]
cha to silic - [4162],[4163] cobalt lng lnh - [2988]
cha than - [2278],[2313],[2316] cobalt mu - [2987]
cha thic - [14379] cobalt mu hng - [2989]
cha vi - [2083],[2086],[2108] cobalt (Co) - [2986]
chng n n a phng - [4923] cobalt trng thic - [15551]
ciminit - [2770] Coblen - [3001]
cimolit - [2771] Coblenci (t) - [3001]
Cincinat (t) - [2772] cocinit - [3003]
cipolin - [2777] cocit - [3009]
Cladocera - [2805] coconinoit - [3011]
Claiborni (t) - [2810] cocromit - [3008]
Clairendon (t) - [2813] coeruleolactit - [3048]
clarait - [2814] coesit - [3049]
claringbulit - [2816] cofinit - [3051]
clarkeit - [2818] cohenit - [3053]
Clarkforki - [2819] colemanit - [3066]
clausthalit - [2840] colinsit - [3087]
cleavelandit - [2880] coloid - [3090]
cliachit - [2883] coloradoit - [3099]
clifordit - [2887] colquiriit - [3107]
clinker - [2899] columbit - [3108]
clinoaugit - [2901] columbit mangan - [8970]
clinobarandit - [2903] columbotantalit - [3109]
clinobisvanit - [2904] columbretit - [3110]
clinobronzit - [2905] colusit - [3120]
clinochalcomenit - [2906] coluvi - [3093]
clinoclas - [2909] comancheit - [3122]
clinoclor - [2907] combeit - [3125]
clinocrysotil - [2908] comblainit - [3129]
clinoenstatit - [2910] comendit - [3130]
clinoferosilit - [2911] compreignacit - [3203]
clinohedrit - [2913] conelit - [3287]
clinohumit - [2914] cong - [949]
clinohypersthen - [2915] cong thng - [10510]
clinokurchatovit - [2916] cong vo tm - [9262]
clinophosinait - [2917] congolit - [3275]
clinoptilolit - [2920] conichalcit - [3276]
clinopyroxen - [2921] con bay - [1640]
clinopyroxenit olivin - [10315] con ln rung - [16393]
clinosaflerit - [2922] con lc ( d tm vt th n trong lng t) - [16856]
clinostrengit - [2923] con mt - [14489]

727
con (nhy) - [3841]
consol (cng xn) - [3300]
Conulariida - [3375]
cookeit - [3396]
co ngt kh - [4582]
co ngt (t - [13730]
co ngt xuyn tm - [12188]
cooperit - [3397]
coperas trng - [16821]
copiapit - [3402]
copiapit magnesi - [8869]
coppera - [3411]
coquimbit - [3413]
coracit - [3416]
cordercit - [3432]
cordierit - [3433]
cordylit - [3434]
corensit - [3463]
corindon - [3470]
corkit - [3448]
cornetit - [3449]
cornubit - [3451]
cornwalit - [3454]
coronadit - [3456]
corvusit - [3471]
cosalit - [3472]
costibit - [3481]
coterit - [3484]
cotunit - [3485]
Couvin - [3498]
covelin - [3500]
covelit - [3501]
covit - [3507]
cowlesit - [3509]
c b mt dng ht (cs) - [6453]
c b rng cong - [3768]
c b rng hon chnh - [15210]
c bng v lch sau - [4936]
c bng v lch trc - [5252]
c bng v ngoi - [5252]
c bng v trong - [4936]
c cnh (cs) - [406]
c cha silic - [2677]
c c hng pha trc - [11895]
c c ng ngoi - [4758]
c c ng trong - [4984]
c c quay sau - [12591]
c c bn - [11481]
c c bng - [16332]
c c u - [7703]
c c lng - [4471]
c dng bt chnh hp - [16038]
c dng khng chnh hp - [16038]
c dng nn cong - [3781]
c dng phng - [8179]
c dng vng cung - [949]
C dy sng - [2730]
c hoa - [9066]
c c tnh ca ct - [13158]
c c tnh ca - [12867]
c c tnh rng - [11700]
c u nhn - [9791]
c m - [12043]
c t - [1060]
c ng o hm hnh vnh - [13888]
c ng kha - [14641]
c ng khp thng - [12357]
c feldspar - [5453]
c foid - [5754]
c gai (cs) - [868]
c gi tr - [11732]
c g mn - [14639],[14641]
c hai c khp - [4245]
c hai vng phin - [4182]
c hang hc - [2476]
c ht - [6437]
c h s thm cao - [11106]
c hiu lc - [4777]
c hiu qu - [4777]
c hc chn rng (cs) - [589]
c kh nng bm dnh - [230]
c kh nng b xi mn - [5106]
c khin khng u - [6852]
c kha - [14639]
c kha dc - [15269]
c khoang khc kiu - [6838]
c khp - [1060]
c khung xng bng gai n trc - [4760]
c kim loi - [9303]
C km (Chelicerata) - [2647]
c l cht - [11342]
c lng chm Cnidaria - [2954]
c lng roi - [5629]
c l - [11685],[589]
c l bao quanh - [11089]
c l phng rng - [5197]
c l thot rng - [5195]
c l thng - [11068],[5484]
c li - [4721]
c li nhun ca cng tc thm d a cht - [11905]
c mu dng rng nh - [4009]
c mu nh (cs) - [6437]
c mu nhn - [9791]
c ming hnh chn (cs) - [612]
c ming lin vnh - [6963]
c ming mang siphon - [13896]
c m - [12930]
c mi - [8097]
c mt c - [9661]
c mn - [7055]
c np - [10370]
c np khng song song - [10144]
c ngun gc bng h - [11906]
c ngun gc hang ng - [14220]
c ngun gc su - [7254]
c ngun gc su (trt) - [7255]
c nh - [14366]
c nc - [10449]
c ng ming n - [9669]
c dng vm - [3689]
c trng ngm - [4986]
c trng trong - [4985]
c phin mt gn lin ra hu mn - [7492]
c phi (Pulmonata) - [12024]
c rnh cng hp - [15003]
c rnh khc kiu - [6839]
c rnh l - [3104]
c rng - [4007],[4010]
c rng khc nhau (Heterodonta) - [6841]
c rng nhn (cs) - [174]
c rng trong - [15365],[15366]
c rn h - [11068],[11177]
c siphon cu to ta tia (cs) - [187]
c siphon hp - [14424]
c siphon rng - [5198]
c tai (cs) - [1175]
c tm ngang - [15054]
c thp - [15926]
c th bn c - [9056]
c th m cht - [3149]
c th c - [5440]
c th s dng c - [1201]
c th trao i c trn th trng - [9056]
c tnh bm dnh - [230],[3057]
728
c tnh nn ln - [3204] cc cht thi c hi v vic hy b chng (Cng c
c tnh nt n - [5611] Basel) - [3379]
c tnh st - [981] Cng c v phng nga nhim t tu bin - [3376]
c tnh th gii - [3477] Cng c v phng nga s nhim do cht thi v
c t im g que (cs) - [1270] cc cht khc - [3380]
c vch y - [15054] Cng c Vin - [16404]
c vn vch - [14639] cng vic khai thc vn chuyn p t - [4689]
c vy - [8172] cng vic ph tr - [1157]
c v tr thp hn - [16054] c c - [3225]
c vng xon khng u - [6325] cn - [12684],[1311],[1366],[6697]
c v hnh sng cun - [3453] cn bng li lim - [7286]
c v trong - [4928] cn ct - [13117],[4413],[7028]
c - [6822],[6823] cn ct akl - [389]
cc - [3117] cn ct bay - [4605]
cc b tng - [3236] cn ct b bin - [9026]
cc b tng c sn - [11801] cn ct cao - [7958]
cc ct - [13131],[13147] cn ct chn - [1320]
cc chu lc (cctr) - [1460] cn ct ko di - [8663]
cc chu ti bng mi - [4920] cn ct leo - [2897]
cc chng - [11589],[4920] cn ct li lim - [1334]
cc chng ng - [14717] cn ct ngm - [13121]
cc c - [13656] cn ct st l - [5374]
cc ng - [4556] cn ct (n ct) sinh km - [1152]
cc ng nghing - [12249] cn ct th cp - [258]
cc ti ch - [2397] cn ct ven b - [2980]
cc c sn - [11802] cn li lim di bin - [14767]
cc ng knh ln - [4544] cn thp (m) - [16890]
cc ging chm - [2071] cc - [3687]
cc g - [16940] cc bn te - [14270]
cc ma st - [5661],[5914] cng - [3083],[7010]
cc mia - [8441] cng rnh - [4498]
cc nghing (cctr) - [1416] c nh m - [10107]
cc nhi - [7497] c kt - [3059],[3304]
cc nhi (cctr) - [1808] c kt ban u - [7468]
cc ni - [5661] c kt t - [3301]
cc thp - [14414] c kt k - [3307]
cc vt - [13340] c kt nguyn sinh - [11846]
cc xon - [13340] c kt s cp - [11846]
cng do mt lc to nn - [16945] c kt th cp - [13398],[13417]
cng do ngoi lc thc hin - [5313] c kt th sinh - [13398]
cng ngh bm xy dng mt ng - [10932] c kt tc th - [7468]
cng sut cho php - [13032] c trt Vajont - [16217]
cng tc b tng - [3235] cp pha - [13735]
cng tc iu chnh - [3372] ct liu - [335]
cng tc gia c - [14347] ct liu mn - [5578]
cng tc khoan - [1813],[4540] ct liu nh - [8462]
cng tc khoan bt neo (cctr) - [690] ct liu trang tr - [5299]
cng tc kim tra - [3372] ct thp gia c - [12480]
cng tc sng - [13334] c - [9963]
cng tc x l (nn t - [14347] c bo t phn hoa - [10715]
cng thc Bayes - [1432] c cu to - [10728]
cng thc cu trc - [14714] c chn - [2368]
cng thc lu lng ging Dupuit Forchheimer - [4611] c du vt hc - [10703],[10745]
cng thc lc hp dn - [6495] c duyn hi hc - [10667]
cng thc trng lc - [6495] c i dng hc - [10678]
cng thc trng lc quc t - [7560] c m h hc - [10705]
cng tri - [8614] c a cht thy vn - [10702]
cng trnh t - [4689] c a hnh hc - [10734]
cng trnh ngm dng phng - [2474] c a l - [10698]
cng trnh tiu nc thng ng - [4500] c a l ng vt - [10740]
cng ty c phn - [14475] c a l thc vt - [10720]
cng c Basel - [1394] c a mo hc - [10700]
Cng c ca Lin hip quc v a dng sinh hc - c ng vt hc - [10741]
[16090] c hnh thi hc - [10710]
Cng c London v cht thi - [8654] c kh hu - [10681],[6139]
Cng c MARPOL - [9073] c kh hu hc - [10683]
cng c Ramsar - [12267] c mi trng - [10690]
Cng c v bo v tng ozon - [3377] c nhn hc - [10669]
Cng c v bin i kh hu - [3378] c nhn loi hc - [7049]
Cng c v cc vng t ngp nc c tm quc t c c nhit - [10731]
bit nh l ni c tr ca cc loi chim nc - [3381] c ni la - [10736]
Cng c v kim sot vic vn chuyn xuyn bin gii c ni la hc - [10737]

729
c sinh cnh hc - [10674] c cui tng - [1849]
c sinh a l - [10672] c ht - [6407]
c sinh ha - [10671] c ht hu hiu - [4784]
c sinh hc - [10673] c khi - [1729]
c sinh hc a tng - [14555] c st - [2865]
c sinh hc ng vt c xng sng - [16351] craigmontit - [3520]
c sinh hc hin ti - [208] crandalit - [3521]
c sinh thi hc - [10689] crater thc dng hnh phu - [15839]
c sinh vt hc - [10714] craton - [3529]
c sinh vt hc m t - [10711] craton lc a bn vng - [6773]
c sinh vt phn t - [9622] creaseyit - [3531]
c to hc - [10668],[10717] crednerit - [3532]
c thin thch - [10709] creedit - [3533]
c th nhng hc - [10716] Creta - [3545]
C thc vt - [10719] crichtonit - [3553]
c thc vt hc - [10677],[10721],[11267] cristobalit - [3561]
c tin ha - [10725] crocidolit - [3579]
c t - [937] crocoit - [3580]
c vch ngn - [13538] cromaltit - [3581]
cng bo - [3044] cromat - [2733]
cng c th - [3043] cromatit - [2734]
cng hng t (dng trong my o d thng t) - [14258] cromdravit - [2735]
cng sinh - [10820] crome diopsid - [2736]
ct - [11352],[3111] cromit - [2738]
ct p - [11830] cromit magnesi - [8868]
ct dng phin - [8173] cromit mangan - [8969]
ct do ma - [12246] crom (Cr) - [2739]
ct dung nham - [8305] crookesit (crukesit) - [3582]
ct - [12026],[2691],[9804] crosit - [3596]
ct a tng - [14543],[3114],[3118] cryoconit - [3619]
ct a tng a cht - [6141] cryolit - [3620]
ct hnh cn bt - [14728] cryolithionit - [3621]
ct magma - [8833] cryptohalit - [3635]
ct nc - [14316] cryptolit - [3636]
ct nc c p (artesi) (cctr) - [1049] cryptomelan - [3637]
ct phun tro - [5123] crysoberyl - [2752]
ct qung - [10425],[10426],[11351],[9332] crysocola - [2753]
ct thy tnh - [7204] crysolit - [10463],[2754]
ct tr m b bin dng chy do - [17054] crysophyrit - [2755]
ct x - [15660] crysotil - [2756]
c bn-trc (cs) - [796] cualstibit - [3669]
c cu - [9166] cubanit - [3670]
c chn - [10966] cuesta - [13238]
c ch - [9166] culsonit - [3490]
c co - [12590] cumberlandit - [3678]
c co (cs) - [225] cumbrait - [3679]
c iu chnh (cs) - [239] cumengit - [3680]
c nh - [16015] cumingtonit - [3681]
c ng - [225] cung - [924]
c hc bin dng ca lp vm (hm l) trong phn lp - cung cp - [12335]
[3923] cung cp nc - [16675]
c hc - [12850] cung cp thm - [12335]
c hc cng trnh - [4967] cung cong t nhin - [9925]
c hc t - [14057] cung o - [7670]
c hc khe nt - [5851] cung magma - [8838]
c hc n mn - [9164] Cung rng - [5190]
c hc ph hy mi dc - [9165] cung sau - [1250]
c khp - [225] Cung th - [15373]
c khng u - [6849] cung trt - [13941],[13951]
c l - [9158] cung trt trn - [12946]
c m (v) - [4183],[4401] cung trt xung yu (ti hn) - [3565]
c ph - [107] cung vc h - [925]
c quan cun li - [3394] cui sng - [12793]
c rt - [12590] cung - [10986]
c s cha bnh bng nc khong - [14148] cung bm - [10967]
c s d liu (CSDL) - [3834] cung hng (cs) - [6637]
c s x l qung - [1594] cung mt - [5333]
c tch - [4401] cung mm san h (cs) - [802]
c th yu - [107] cui - [16377],[2970],[2971]
c - [13907] cui arkos - [6419]
c bn - [4621] cui m tiu - [12414]
c bi - [4621] cui chn ni - [11289]

730
cui di chuyn do dng chy - [12801] cng tn hiu - [13779]
cui ht nh - [5584] cng tng - [15648]
cui kt - [2999],[3273] cng ti hn - [15988]
cui kt arkos - [1011] cp dng - [14580],[1481]
cui kt bin li - [12470] cng - [5598]
cui kt bn kh - [4058] cu cha nn mng cng trnh - [16056]
cui kt c nt - [2404],[3612] ca - [9780]
cui kt dolomit - [4431] ca ct kha - [12671]
cui kt edgewis - [4768] ca hm - [11720]
cui kt kin to - [15157] ca knh - [3869]
cui kt ni la - [16478] ca l - [1311]
cui kt trong thnh h - [7530] ca ra - [10563]
cui kiu cao nguyn - [11455] ca sng - [10560],[3869],[4886],[5152],[6712]
cui ni la - [8241] ca sng b chm - [4565]
cui ni la tng trng hoc lapilli tng trng - [127] ca sng (thut ng Scotland) - [16627]
cui si - [6471] ca sng hnh phu - [10035],[5156],[9971]
cui si nh - [10962],[5582] ca sng hnh phu hn hp (nh cao) - [11728]
cui-tng - [2998] ca sng hnh phu ngc - [7590],[9972]
cui tch hnh qut - [5396] ca sng hnh tam gic - [5156]
cui v nhu - [3612] ca sng hoc ng ba sng - [17]
cun - [3395] ca sng ming phu hn hp theo chiu thng ng -
cun cht - [3393],[7601] [16366]
cun khng cht - [5229] ca sng m - [1716]
cun m vng - [7601] ca sng ngp lt - [4565]
cun phng - [11421] ca sng nh - [8466]
cun xon - [14267] ca sng nc nht - [5899],[5903]
cuprit - [12370],[3691] ca s karst - [7892]
cuprit dng si (chalcotrichit) - [11526] ca s kin to karst - [7882]
cuprobismutit - [3692] ca s (kt) - [16884]
cuprocopiapit - [3693] ca thot nc h - [10564]
cuprodescloizit - [3694] ca thot triu - [15490],[15494]
cupropavonit - [3695] ca thot triu hoc sng triu nng - [13380]
cuprorivait - [3696] cc - [11622]
cuprosklodowskit - [3697] cc bc a l - [10185],[10186]
cuprospinel - [3698] cc c ca Tri t - [10723]
cuprostibit - [3699] cc (Tri t) - [11622]
cuprotungstit - [3700] cc i - [9120]
cuprouranit - [3701] cc nh - [2894]
curetonit - [3702] cc a t - [6167]
curienit - [3706] cc a t thc - [16423]
cuselit - [3720] cc oan - [5324]
cusinit - [3497] cc i lp - [827]
cuspidin - [3728] cc i ming - [31]
cutinit - [3739] cc i xng - [11598]
cuzticit - [3748] cc nam a l - [14145]
cng ban tinh - [5209] cc tr - [5324]
cng kch thc - [7695] cc tng t - [665]
cng lin kt - [7680] cc xa tm - [4364]
cng nng chy - [15019],[15022] c ly - [13530],[15458],[7573]
cng tui - [14997] c ly dch chuyn - [13679]
c lao - [381] cyanit - [3749]
Cc (Ammonitida) (cs) - [629] cyanochroit - [3751]
c khong - [15858] cyanophillit - [3752]
cc bng ni - [2153] cyanosit - [3754]
cc st - [7649] cyanotrichit - [3755]
cm - [16475] cyclothem - [3772]
cm nt - [7797] cyclowolastonit - [3773]
cng - [14610],[7514] cylindrit - [3776]
cng chu nn - [3215] cymrit - [3777]
cng ca trng thi kh - [4578] cyrilovit - [3779]
cng ca t c th hin di tc dng ca mi da - [4041]
xuyn - [11026] da cam trn b mt ca Sao Ha - [3328]
cng d thng a ha - [7515] Da gai (Echinodermata) - [4703]
cng dng chy - [12996],[12997] Da gai khng ta tia (Homalozoa) - [6974]
cng in mi - [4188] Da gai t do (Eleutherozoa) - [4858]
cng ng t - [4681] dachiardit - [3787]
cng ng t (vl) - [7514] Daci - [3788]
cng khng nn - [3215] dacit - [12140],[3789]
cng mu hnh tr (b tng) - [3774] dacitoid - [3790]
cng nn - [3215] dadsonit - [3796]
cng nn khng n hng - [16034] dahamit - [3797]
cng sm ca b tng phun - [4667] dahlit - [3798]

731
Dalradi - [3803] di t trng nc chy trn - [15880]
dalyit - [3804] di t vin b bin - [13371]
damkjernit - [3807] di i - [8012]
damourit - [3808] di ng bng duyn hi - [1494]
Dan - [3815] di gai khung xng - [4179]
danait - [3811] di gai lng t - [5405]
danalit - [3812] di g - [5405]
danburit - [3813] di g siphon - [13893]
dancalit - [3814] di hp th - [63]
danemorit - [3816] di nng kin to - [15172]
danh php a tng - [14554] di nhit - [15378]
dansit - [3817] di ni - [3282],[3284]
daomanit - [3818] di ni - [12684]
dao ng - [10531],[16396],[5709] di ni ngm gia i dng - [9479]
dao ng ca mc nc sng - [12788] di quang ph - [14200]
dao ng cng bc - [5792] di rng nghin - [12236]
dao ng a chn - [13474] di ra - [3555]
dao ng mc i dng do kin to - [15191] di st - [2848]
dao ng mc nc bin v i dng - [5204] di si - [6472]
dao ng mc nc h - [13455] di sn y thung lng - [16231]
dao ng t do - [5887] di tam gic chu - [3965]
dao ng vt sng ct - [10532] di to - [439]
daphnit - [3819] di tng trng - [6613]
daqingshanit - [3820] di trm tch - [4025]
darapiosit - [3821] di vng - [6256]
darapskit - [3822] dn cch hu hiu (trong n mn) - [4790]
darcy - [3823] dn cch khe nt - [3513]
dashkesanit - [3831] dy - [12278],[2424]
datolit - [3836] dy actini - [182]
daubrecit - [3839] dy cng sinh - [10821]
daubreelit - [3840] dy dung dch cng - [14084]
daunialit - [3843] dy ming ni la - [3527]
davainit - [3845] dy ni - [12277],[7762],[9761],[9771]
davanit - [3846] dy ni la - [16473]
davidit - [3847] dy ni ngm phi a chn - [1076]
davidsonit - [3848] dy ni sng tru - [14493],[6942],[6944]
davisonit - [3850] dy phng x - [12195],[12205]
davreuxit - [3851] dy Schurmann - [13300]
davyn - [3852] dy thori - [15445]
dawsonit - [3853] dy xng hng trc (cs) - [249]
dayingit - [3854] dng - [5809],[6661],[6662]
di - [13383] dng A (cs) - [295]
di hn - [11101],[11103] dng asbest - [1068]
di trn thm lc a - [14528] dng bo t - [14309]
dn khoan - [14334] dng bo t phn hoa - [10769]
dy v - [15671] dng bin tin - [15688]
di - [1304] dng b - [11171]
di ct - [2481] dng bt (Graptoloidea) - [6468]
di ct ngang nn y bng - [13688] dng bi - [12029]
di ct ngm ca sng - [2619] Dng cn (Bactritoidea) (cs) - [1269]
di chn bng - [7284] Dng cy (Dendroidea) - [3989]
di chn b - [10284],[1354] dng Cu gai (Echinozoa) - [4705]
di chn ct dc b (ven b) - [8673] dng chn c (ngnh) - [934]
di chn cong li lim - [8750] dng chim u th - [4447]
di chn dng mt xch - [1355] dng chp - [15817]
di chn u vnh - [1434] dng chm - [5404]
di chn song song vi b bin - [8707] dng chm nho ln - [2460]
di chn vnh - [1429] dng ct - [3117]
di c bm - [11088] dng Cryptonellacea - [3639]
di cui - [13684],[6472] dng Cc (Ammonoidea) (cs) - [633]
di dy ca mng ngoi - [953] dng ca s - [5484]
di - [12180] dng dui ngang - [5304]
di chn ngm - [1313] dng t - [4690],[4725]
di ngm dng mng nga (m tiu dng mng nga) - dng t lt - [8638]
[7030] dng a - [4300],[4304],[4336]
di tng - [1848] dng a hnh - [15613],[5807]
di nh du - [9051] dng a hnh bng tuyt - [24]
di t hp - [1291] dng a l t nhin - [11260]
di t c bn - [13953] dng ng - [13024]
di t ngp l - [5665] dng euglena - [5179]
di t thp - [8728] dng gneis - [6337],[6338]
di t thp pha sau b sng - [1261] dng g - [8937]

732
dng ht u - [8393] dm kt do ha tan - [14096]
dng ht u ko di - [11571] dm kt do trt - [13933]
dng ht k - [16348] dm kt dng - [5691]
dng hnh ct - [8274] dm kt ghp mnh - [9735]
dng hnh kim - [146] dm kt gi - [11320]
dng hong th - [8638] dm kt hang ng - [2459]
dng Hu bin (Crinozoa) - [3559] dm kt khng ng nht - [7466]
dng kt cu ct - [3117] dm kt kin to - [15156],[5416]
dng kt cu t - [14061] dm kt magma - [7321]
dng kha - [14639] dm kt mng - [12239]
dng kh thnh - [11559] dm kt mnh vn ngoi lai - [5372]
dng khun xon - [14264] dm kt ni la - [325],[5121],[5288],[8302]
dng kim (cs) - [149] dm kt nt - [3611]
dng l - [11245] dm kt qung - [10423]
dng lp do dng chy - [4515] dm kt rn nt - [3516]
dng li - [12587] dm kt sit p - [5911]
dng mt - [10258] dm kt st l - [3071],[5839]
dng mt chim - [10400] dm kt st l ni la - [2146]
dng mt sng - [3551] dm kt ta luy - [15083]
dng Mytilus (cs) - [9858] dm kt tim nhp - [7471]
dng np lm - [15000] dm kt tip xc - [3319]
dng nghing - [2912] dm kt trm tch - [13434]
dng ngi lp - [13238] dm kt trong - [4942]
dng nhnh r - [11465] dm kt trng n - [5271]
dng olistostrom - [490] dm kt trt t - [8207]
dng - [16002] dm kt tuf - [15868]
dng phin xon (Helicoplacoidea) - [6786] dm kt t sinh - [1187]
dng phng x hay dng to tia - [12190] dm kt vi - [2104]
dng pxamit - [968] dm ni la - [16470],[16502]
dng qu u - [11570] dm phun n - [5378]
dng qu thn - [12517] dm sp l - [6045]
dng qut - [5624] dm v nhu - [3611]
dng qut bin - [13355] dm vn ni la - [12077]
dng qun th phn nhnh kiu chui - [2425] dng tri - [16133],[16205]
dng r - [12191],[12632] dy - [16903]
dng rut - [4975] dy chng - [8457]
dng sao - [3529] dy chng chn - [10888]
dng sao (cs) - [1110] dy chng dng phin - [8175]
dng sinh thi - [4744] dy chng kp - [4610]
dng spat - [14161] dy chng nhiu mi - [9817]
dng sng - [15817],[2539] dy chng trong - [12562]
Dng sng nh (Cornulitida) - [3452] dy chuyn - [1305]
dng tng - [14531] dy ni cc thit b tin hc - [2040]
dng tm ng - [5131],[5132] dy siphon - [13899]
dng tn (Belemnoidea) (cs) - [1486] dm - [1454]
dng thn mm - [9624] dm cng xn - [2212]
dng thu knh - [8393] dm mng (cctr) - [1454]
dng thn - [11570] dm nhiu nhp - [9821]
dng theto - [15414] dm nng - [13606]
dng thy tc (Hydroida) - [7165] dm thnh mng - [13606]
dng tinh th - [3647] dn dn - [11912]
dng trng - [15954] du h phch - [607]
dng tri - [4447] du kh - [11153]
dng try - [2841] du m - [9886]
dng tuyn - [8502] du th - [12319]
dng ti - [13023] du - [9050]
dng vy - [13227] du n a tng - [14557]
dng va - [13648] du n y - [12526]
dng xon c - [6785] du bc mi mn do thy triu - [15479]
dm dp v - [3516] du chn - [5781]
dm kt - [2829],[5765] du hay vch gn sng khng cn xng - [1119]
dm kt aloclastic - [483] du hiu a tng - [14550]
dm kt m tiu - [12413] du hiu) khu vc dng tuyn - [8501]
dm kt bng h - [7288] du ko di - [13776]
dm kt b dc - [15083] du sng v - [13212],[14948]
dm kt bng n - [5288] du vt - [15663]
dm kt bn kh - [4057] du vt dng li lim - [3542]
dm kt c nt - [2403],[5911] du vt dng chy - [5696]
dm kt cha bt - [13831] du vt a tng - [6239]
dm kt cha st - [2867] du vt gn - [3714]
dm kt dn n - [5271] du vt gn sng hin ti ct nhau - [3712]
dm kt dng t - [4691] du vt gn sng khng i xng - [1122]

733
du vt gn sng khng hon chnh - [7379] dialagit - [4135]
du vt gn sng phc hp - [3186] diaphorit - [4150]
du vt gn sng xin - [3593] diaphthorit - [4152]
du vt hc - [7306] diaspo - [4155]
du vt ln sng do nc - [908] diatexit - [4159]
du vt ln sng dng chy - [3716] diatomit - [4166]
du vt ln sng ngc hng - [7527] dickit - [4175]
du vt sng - [3716] dictiolit - [4178]
du vt sng ct dao ng ngang - [16694] didymolit anorthit - [4185]
dn n c trng l trc v sau chuyn ng tnh cht Diener - [4189]
song song c gi nguyn - [15698] dienerit - [4190]
dn liu ha thch - [5829] dieninsonit - [4191]
dn np - [242] Diesti - [4192]
dn nhit - [6758] dietrichit - [4194]
dn nc - [4498] dietzeit - [4195]
dp v - [10579],[13000],[5850] dim - [5918]
decan basalt - [3882] dim lc a - [3343]
deerit - [3909] din th qun th ng vt - [5433]
Deerpark - [3910] din - [5345]
defernit - [3912] din bm c - [9850]
delait - [3944] din bn l - [2331],[6918]
delesit - [3942] din cong - [10749]
delhayelit - [3943] din g tai bo - [3540]
Delmonti - [3945] din lng roi - [5627]
delorenzit - [3946] din phng - [11406]
delphinit - [3947] din sau - [7517]
delrioit - [3948] din tch - [958]
delta - [3949] din tch cha du - [11683]
delta dng chn chim - [1641] din tch c xc minh - [11959]
delta nh - [9431] din tch t gy ph hy - [5427]
delta ni lc - [9174] din tch (tnh theo mu Anh) - [172]
delta thy triu - [15482] din tch thot nc - [4297]
deluvi - [3974],[3975] din tch thu nc - [3078]
delvauxit - [3976] din tch tiu nc - [4503]
demantoit - [3978] din tch trt - [13932]
demesmaekerit - [3980] din tch xung yu (ti hn) - [3563]
dendritit - [3987] dip thch hc - [6523]
dendrit lp th - [14171] dip thch xanh - [1754]
deningit - [3995] dit khun (kh trng) - [14443]
denisonit - [3996] digenit - [4211]
denisovit - [3992] di chuyn dng - [14602]
densimet - [3998] di chuyn lc a - [3339]
derbylit - [4037] di chuyn mao dn - [2234]
deriksit - [4043] di chuyn nguyn t - [4853]
descloizit - [4046] di tch - [12497]
Desmoinesi - [4067] dike - [4224],[4629]
despujolsit - [4068] dike nh - [4227]
devilin - [4099] dike vng nn - [3256]
Devon - [4100] dilnit - [4233]
devonit - [4101] diluvi - [4235],[4237]
deweylit - [4105] dimorphit - [4242]
dewindtit - [4106] Dinanti - [4246]
do - [11435] dinit - [4247]
dt - [11434] diocid silic - [13789]
d b ha tan - [14091] diogenit - [4251]
d b nt - [5611] diopsidit - [4253]
d b thay i - [13525] diopsit - [4252]
d hnh thnh - [16946] dioptas - [4254]
d thm - [11128] diorit - [4255]
d thi cng - [16946] dioritoid - [4256]
d un - [3176],[4587] diorit thch anh - [12142],[12145]
d v - [1939] dioxin - [4257]
diabantit - [4110] dip - [4258]
diabas - [4111],[4112] Discinacea - [4301]
diaboleit - [4114] discordia - [4328]
diabrochit - [4115] dismicrit - [4341]
diachron - [4116] distenit - [4365]
diacrystalic - [4120] ditmarit - [4399]
diadisit - [4123] ditroit - [4398]
diadochit - [4122] Ditton (t) - [4400]
diagene mun - [5035] dixenit - [4409]
diagenes sm - [4666] dnh kt - [1589]

734
dnh kt ca t - [14052] dolomit vi tinh - [4428]
dch chuyn - [13679] doloresit - [4437]
dch chuyn bnh thng - [10163] domen - [4441]
dch chuyn b bin - [13386] domeykit - [4446]
Dch chuyn ca cc khi t gy khng th hin chuyn domit - [4448]
ng xoay i vi cc khi khc - [15698] domoikic - [4449]
dch chuyn ca th cng - [12709] domontit - [4450]
dch chuyn im 0 (my o trng lc) - [17120] domortierit - [4451]
dch chuyn hi t - [6559] donathit - [4452]
dch chuyn kh - [365] donbasit - [4453]
dch chuyn kin to - [15167],[15185] donglasit - [4454]
dch chuyn ngang - [14652] do sng to nn - [16691]
dch chuyn nghing thun - [10174] dopatic - [4456]
dch chuyn theo ma - [13388] doreit - [4458]
dch chuyn theo phng - [14652] dorfmanit - [4459]
dch chuyn thun - [10173] dosalic - [4473]
dch chuyn tng i - [13931] dosemic - [4475]
dch chuyn xin - [10220] Downton - [4485]
dch trt thng ng - [16370],[16371] doxenic - [4492]
d bo - [6840] dn - [1939]
d dng - [6847] dng - [3710],[4658],[8496]
d hng - [756] dng bt nh - [261]
d lin kt - [753] dng bn sn - [13761]
d thng - [772] dng bin ngc - [12612]
d thng Bughe - [1794] dng bi tch - [334]
d thng ng tnh - [7711] dng bn - [3876]
d thng a ha - [6106] dng bn lnh - [3064]
d thng khng qung - [10141] dng bn ni la - [8146]
d thng phng x - [12210] dng bn trt l - [5747]
d thng qung - [10412] dng bc x ph - [14203]
d thng ti thiu - [9541] dng ct chy - [13139]
d thng trng lc - [6489] dng chy - [12993],[14582],[14594],[4530],[5689],[5707],
d thng trng lc a phng - [8618] [5734]
d tng - [6850] dng chy b cn tr - [10235]
djerfisherit - [4410] dng chy b chuyn dng - [11355]
djurleit - [4411] dng chy b c - [4001]
doanh li bng tin - [9645] dng chy cn bng - [11590]
doanh thu - [7377] dng chy chm - [3941]
dogalit - [4460] dng chy chnh - [8911]
Doggeri - [4414] dng chy chuyn dng - [11354]
doi bn ct chn - [1320] dng chy c - [10685]
doi ct - [13142],[1417],[14269] dng chy c bn (c ngun gc u tin l nc di t)
doi ct bay hay di chn bay - [5748] - [1391]
doi ct chn - [1320] dng chy do - [11439]
doi ct chn vng vnh - [1428] dng chy do gi - [16877],[16880],[4533]
doi ct chu th - [3950] dng chy do ma - [11543]
doi ct dng chn chim - [1322] dng chy do triu - [15499]
doi ct ko di theo hng chy ca sng - [2613] dng chy o khot - [4989]
doi ct nhn u - [3723],[3726] dng chy i dng - [10245]
doi ct ni lin - [3283] dng chy t - [4678]
doi ct trong - [7480] dng chy nh (ln nht) - [10949]
doi ct un vng - [8680],[8682] dng chy a phng - [8617]
doi t - [11580] dng chy hnh ng - [14603]
doi t chn - [1320] dng chy hoc thung lng c hng trng vi hng ca
doi li lim - [11581] np un trong vng - [10803]
dolerit - [4417] dng chy hng tm - [12187]
dolerophanit - [4418] dng chy knh - [14522]
Dolgeli - [4419] dng chy khng tng ng - [10592]
dolimorphic - [4420] dng chy ln tp cht - [4001]
dolomit - [4430] dng chy lng - [8522]
dolomit dng bt - [4439] dng chy mnh - [5731],[7772]
dolomit dng bn - [4424] dng chy mt - [14917]
dolomit dng ct - [4416] dng chy mt t - [10601]
dolomit dng si sn - [4438] dng chy mt trc tip - [4287]
dolomit ht th - [4438] dng chy mt nc - [13881]
dolomit ho - [4435] dng chy mt bn - [8255]
dolomit magnesi - [8862] dng chy mt pha - [8266]
dolomit ngm nc - [7139] dng chy m - [13882],[14941]
dolomit nguyn sinh - [11848] dng chy ngm - [6601]
dolomit phn di - [17100] dng chy nghch hng - [10228]
dolomit thiu kt - [3859] dng chy nguyn sinh - [10472]
dolomit vn - [17100] dng chy ngc - [1262],[7598]

735
dng chy ngc hng - [13245] dng phn cc - [13400]
dng chy nhanh - [14875] dng phn tn nham a ha th sinh - [13403]
dng chy nh - [14593] dng ph - [2033]
dng chy phng - [14595] dng qung (khi khai thc ra) - [5698]
dng chy ra - [4795] dng sng - [16706]
dng chy rnh - [12718] dng tm thi - [5027],[7955]
dng chy ra - [11087] dng thun hng - [236],[8669]
dng chy rng - [14587] dng th cp - [13400]
dng chy ri - [15915],[15916] dng triu - [15480]
dng chy tm thi - [15244] dng tro (ni la) - [1079]
dng chy tt - [3740] dng tri - [4533]
dng chy tp trung - [3224] dng trc - [1228]
dng chy thay i - [16269] dng t chy ca qung khai thc ra - [6493]
dng chy thm - [7454] dng vn - [3876]
dng chy theo ng phng - [14642] dng xoy - [1262],[3801]
dng chy thun hng (dng xui theo va) - [3296] dng xoy (ca nc - [16530]
dng chy thun mt bn - [8256] d ng mch - [14645]
dng chy thng xuyn - [11064] dc - [8662]
dng chy ti hn - [3567] dc theo b bin - [531]
dng chy trn - [10593],[10596] dc trc (cctr) - [1226]
dng chy treo - [11055] dn - [8646]
dng chy trn mt - [16029] dc - [113],[11366]
dng chy trn mt nc di t - [16680] dc (cctr) - [12261]
dng chy trong knh - [2617] Dragon - [4497]
dng chy tro ni la - [12033] drakonit - [4514]
dng chy trc tip - [14505],[4281] dravit - [4518]
dng chy t hang ln - [2475] Dresbach - [4526]
dng chy t nhin cc vng i ni - [14578] drugmanit - [4566]
dng chy un khc - [9154] drysdalit - [4583]
dng chy vo - [7450],[7453],[7456] Duchesn - [4584]
dng chy vo yu - [7260] Duck Lake - [4585]
dng chy vt liu qu ti - [10606] dufrenit - [4588]
dng chy ven bin ct ngang - [13349] dufrenoysit - [4589]
dng chy ven b - [8674] duftit - [4590]
dng chy xit - [12181] duhamelit - [4592]
dng chch hng - [4405] dumalit - [4593]
dng chnh - [1228] dumontit - [4594]
dng c lp - [7509] dumortierit - [4595]
dng c - [10680] dundasit - [4599]
dng cung lu - [7244] dungannonit - [4606]
dng cung lu i dng - [8815] dung dch - [13975],[14092]
dng cun xoy - [8815] dung dch cha qung - [10436]
dng dung nham - [8310],[9888] dung dch cng - [14083]
dng dung nham chy nhanh - [14881] dung dch cng thay th - [14811]
dng tng - [1732] dung dch khoan - [2788],[4549]
dng trt l - [12840] dung dch khng l tng - [10139]
dng t lt - [8632] dung dch magma - [8851]
dng iu ha - [236] dung dch nhng - [7351]
dng in t - [15218] dung dch phn di - [14093]
dng in trn mt - [13645] dung dch qu bo ha - [14898]
dng a nhit - [6222] dung dch sonstadt - [14123]
dng t on - [15599] dung dch to qung - [10436]
dng (dung nham) - [5689] dung lng - [2220]
dng hi lu - [3710] dung ly - [8520]
dng hi lu ven b - [8580] dung mi - [14118]
dng hi quy - [12600] dung nham - [8299]
dng kh - [3710] dung nham bn - [9798]
dng lava - [8310] dung nham bn ni la - [9798]
dng lin hp - [3172] dung nham cu gi - [4866]
dng l - [14586] dung nham dng aa - [1]
dng l cung lu - [3875] dung nham dng mnh - [1]
dng mnh vn ni la - [12078] dung nham gi - [11322]
dng mt nc - [8698] dung nham toe (thch lun) - [15580]
dng ngang - [259],[8266] dung th cha kh t nhin - [9933]
dng ngm - [14604] dung tch - [2220]
dng ngm r - [14506] dung tch cht - [3866]
dng nhnh - [15763] dung trng - [3999]
dng nhit - [6760] dung trng ca t trng thi m bo ha - [17119]
dng ni la - [16484] dung trng - [3999]
dng nc - [3710] dung trng t - [3999]
dng nc ngm - [6585] dunit - [4607]
dng nc ngc - [1265] Dunkardi - [4608]

736
dunstone - [4609] ai - [6256]
durangit - [4613] ai Alpin-Hymalaya - [539]
Durango - [4614] ai cung bm - [10969]
duranusit - [4615] ai dp v - [1951]
durbachit - [4617] ai mch dng vng - [12736],[12745]
dusertit - [4618] ai ng - [9591]
dutonit - [4624] ai quanh Thi Bnh Dng - [2789]
du lch hang ng - [2477] ai to ni - [10483]
duyn hi - [2978],[8578] ai tim nhp - [7472]
duyn hi hc - [393] ai vt liu vn - [2831]
dng sn xut xi mng - [2503] ai vng - [12736],[12745]
dng trong m t - [16393] ang c kt - [16046]
dng c - [3307] i - [2155],[3687]
dng c ghi nhit - [15237] n hi - [4815],[4827]
dng c o bin dng - [14517] o - [3730]
dng c o biu - [2638] o di nc - [16060]
dng c o nht - [16424],[16426] o ging - [13597],[16774]
dng c o thm - [11107] o hm l - [16055]
dng c o gi tr trng lc tuyt i - [52] o hm l tit din trn - [2782]
dng c o mc nc - [5740],[5745] o h mng - [5232]
dng c o (cctr) - [5987] o h mng l thin - [10362]
dng c o sng (o chiu cao, thi gian) - [16717] o su - [10588],[7370]
dng c o v - [3156] o v p - [3732]
dng c lm sch cc u dy in - [14662] o v lp - [3731]
dng c ly mu - [14279],[14295] - [10942],[12178],[12257],[12820],[14191],[14484],
dng c nho trn (cctr) - [341] [16453],[5910],[6407],[6556],[6557],[6559],[6715]
dng c pht hin nc - [16626] ) - [13730]
dng c tho li khoan - [10421],[3438] alit - [476]
dng - [11725] anhydrit - [744]
Dng x - [12012] arkos - [8537]
di bo ha - [16057] arkos khng in hnh - [7362]
di t - [14819],[14820] arkos khng thun khit - [4291]
di lp t bng h - [14755] asphalt - [1090],[12822]
di v - [14746] ct feldspar - [5463]
d liu - [3832] m khi - [13992]
d liu khng gian - [14170] m tiu - [12428],[6829]
d bo - [5795] ban u - [11950]
d bo ln do khai thc l dc - [11816] bo ha - [10609]
d bo mi trng - [4998] bo ha kim - [11048]
d bo thy vn - [12795] bo ha nhm - [11049]
d on - [4130],[5795] bt - [14321]
d ng lc - [11824] bin cht - [9350],[9356]
dwornikit - [4626] bin cht a tng - [11525]
dyachyt - [4627] bin cht trao i - [9368],[9370]
Dyas - [4628] bin dng - [15189]
dyke (dike) theo mt trt - [13943] b bin i - [548]
dypingit - [4649] b ct - [16878]
dysanalyt - [4650] b t chy lng - [9221]
dyscrasit - [4651] bt - [12031]
dysprosi (Dy) - [4653] bt silic diatomit - [1521]
dzhalindit - [4656] b ri khng gn kt chuyn ng ko l-trt t trn
dzhetymit - [4657] xung to thnh a hnh g - [3878]
a cht dinh dng - [8800] bn - [9801]
a dng - [11676] bt ch - [11019]
a dng qu bin (cs) - [1022] cairngorm - [2068]
a dng sinh hc (dt) - [1620] carbonat - [2295],[2307]
a a mng - [11655] carbonat phn lp - [2107]
a t gy - [9811] c nt - [2402],[2406]
a gic phn phi - [4382] ct bt kt - [13835]
a hnh - [11665],[11668],[11673] chy - [2448]
a khong - [11660],[11664] chy gc thc vt - [2449]
a kim - [11661] chu - [11777]
a k - [9808],[9809] chu la - [5597]
a ngun - [11654] chui - [14491]
a ngun gc - [11653] cha phong ha - [16734]
a ph - [9816] cha - [12541]
a sc phn x hay lng phn x - [12443] cha carbon - [2291],[2321]
a sinh - [11653],[11654] cha du kh - [11157]
a tinh th - [11651] cha grafit - [11497]
a tng - [6850] cha mica - [9413]
ai - [1493] cha st - [7659]
ai - [2173] cha vi - [2094]

737
 clorit - [11994] marl vi - [2091]
c kin trc microphyr - [9458],[9462] mi - [4900]
c kin trc miniphyr - [9555],[9558] mu - [12395]
c kin trc phanerit - [11174] mu nu xm - [4609]
c kin trc vi ht - [9441] mnh vn - [2833],[5860]
c kin trc vi hnh cu - [9467] mnh vn do gi - [704]
c kin trc vi khm - [9459] mch (khng phi qung) - [10453]
c kin trc vi vn ch - [9442] m - [10883]
cui - [10942] m ( sinh du) - [14139]
dng cu - [14247] m - [14193]
dng ct - [11315],[11317] mui - [6684]
dng khi - [2219] nt nh - [15995]
dng miu - [10653] ngm san h - [1314]
dm - [1296],[13333] ngc - [6086],[7739]
dogger - [4415] ngun gc ng vt - [17215],[17217]
dolomit - [4426],[4434],[4440] ngun nc - [7149]
dolomit vi - [2090],[2127] nguyn sinh - [11864]
c gia cng - [4527] nguyn thy - [11942]
p - [5367] nhn to - [13303]
- [12399] nhum mu - [14362]
- [5373] nha - [11374]
ng vt - [17219],[17220] n - [12832]
n ct - [4604] ni - [14957]
ng - [14833] ni la - [16501],[16510]
c khai thc do n mn - [1702] ni la b bin cht - [9389]
c x l - [15730] ni la ht mn - [12164]
feldspar - [5458] nc - [16674]
fondo - [5774] na qu - [13515]
ghp ba - [15801] olivin - [10323]
giu vt cht hu c - [2291] pack - [10652]
gi ( nhi) - [13861] phn di - [17104]
gc - [13662],[14082],[1479] phn lp - [5632]
g - [16942] phn - [2593],[2595]
granit - [6425] phn - [560]
graywack feldspar - [5457] phin - [13264]
halilit - [6684] phin cha mica - [9416]
ht trai - [10959] phin cha than - [2293]
hnh thp (ca phun tro) - [2069] phin en - [17034]
hoa - [9009],[9334] phin hornblend - [7021]
hoa ha - [9062],[9063],[9068],[9069] phin mica - [9419]
hoa magnesi - [8864] phin (dip thch) glaucophan - [6303]
holoclastic - [6958] phin phn - [561]
ha sinh - [12084] phin st - [7653]
jasper - [7758] phin sn m - [8808]
keo - [3092] phin st - [13604]
kt ht - [6411] phin st cha bitum - [1589]
kt tinh gn hon ton - [11059] phin st m vt - [14315]
kt tinh mnh vn - [3654] phin silic - [11238],[2673]
kt tuf - [325] phin silic giu st - [7763]
kh nng - [6742],[7035] phin talc - [15077]
khi b dp v mnh - [2944] phin than cha carbon - [2286]
khi cng dn - [4815] phin thch anh - [12162]
khung m tiu - [5863] phin trng - [16840]
kidney - [7961] phong thnh - [5013]
kim vi - [2079] plagioclas - [11389]
kiu c - [10735] pluton - [11535]
knh - [14194] porphyr - [11713]
lm bt mu - [4900] pyroxen-amphibol - [12064]
ln - [12839] qung - [6016]
lipili - [8243] qu - [11580]
l - [5373] qu - [11810],[6072],[6086]
l tch - [13935] qu thnh phm - [6081]
la - [5653] ratle - [12312]
lydian - [8766],[8767] rn chc - [6719]
macadam - [8775] rn ( qu) - [13565]
maccadam cng - [12812] rhin - [12628]
magma - [12088] rhodochrosit - [12638]
magma cu to porphyr - [8429] roch - [12819]
magma giu SiO2 - [13808] ri - [12839],[5373]
magma trung tnh - [1215] ri v n - [12842]
marl cha phn - [2598] ra - [5299]
marl giu st - [2856] san h - [3426]

738
 sao - [14392]
sng mu - [8423]
sn - [6548]
sc cnh - [13333]
st - [2861],[2873]
st nh - [5950],[8461]
st phn - [559]
st Trung Quc - [2693]
st vi cha phn - [562],[563]
siu mafic - [15991],[15992]
silica - [13793]
silic dng s - [11688]
silic kt tinh - [6439]
sinh ha - [1599]
sinh vt chy - [2447]
sinh vt khng xng sng - [94]
skarn - [13909]
st - [7995]
sng - [2673],[7024]
sng silicat Ca - [2080]
s - [11689],[11690]
talc - [14009]
talc dng khi - [8247]
ti trm tch - [12534]
tng bng cun - [4532]
tng lang thang - [5116]
tm - [5634]
thi - [12863],[16601]
thch cao - [6652]
thn - [7961]
thic - [15548]
Th Nh K ( Turkey) - [15922]
thun vi - [2129]
thy sinh - [7170]
thy tinh - [6289]
thy triu - [15491]
thy vn - [7138]
th - [8766],[8767]
tinh hc - [9410]
tch t - [138]
ton iolit - [6989]
tc thetis - [15413]
tc venus - [16335]
tt - [14134]
tng hp - [15027]
trng - [16842]
trm tch - [13827],[4039]
trm tch cha carbon - [2322]
trm tch ha hc - [2658]
trm tch mnh vn - [4081]
trm tch mnh vn n - [3628]
Trung Quc - [2694]
trng l - [5789]
trt - [13935]
trng c - [4799]
t v vn - [1192]
vng - [6360]
vn - [17104]
vy quanh - [3495],[7034]
vn - [6455]
vi - [2112],[8477]
vi arkos - [1013]
vi m tiu - [12425]
vi m tiu san h - [3425]
vi cao calci - [6896]
vi cha silic - [13803]
vi cha silic-st - [7116]
vi dng bt - [2123]
vi dng bn - [2113],[2121]
vi dng ct - [2085]
vi dng cui dm - [2122]
vi dng mt chim - [4341]
vi dng v mng - [12730]
vi dng v s - [3415]
vi dolomit - [4427],[4432]
vi fusulinid - [5976]
vi giu calcit - [2128]
vi ht mn - [2113]
vi ho hc - [2655]
vi Hu bin - [3558],[4916]
vi huyn ph - [485]
vi kt cc - [11011],[4343]
vi kt tinh - [3653]
vi magnesi - [8863]
vi nc nht - [5902],[5904]
vi pelmicrit - [11015]
vi pelsparit - [11016]
vi phn di - [17103]
vi pisosparit - [11362]
vi san h - [3421]
vi st - [983]
vi silic - [3450]
vi sinh vt - [2112]
vi to - [434]
vi trng l - [5786]
vi vn - [17103]
vi v s - [3414]
vi vn hu bin - [4918]
vi vn san h - [3422]
vi xng san h v to - [3427]
vn - [16502],[2820]
vn n - [3628]
vn biu sinh - [5033]
vn kt tinh - [3654]
vn ni la - [12079],[15270],[5141]
vn phong ha - [1134]
vn sinh vt - [2828],[2837]
vn t sinh - [1192]
vn vi - [2141]
wack - [16547]
xanh - [1756],[6525]
x phng - [14007],[14008]
xm nhp - [14496]
xm nhp su - [11535],[11539]
xm nhp sm mu - [9200]
xm nhp th cn - [14474]
m hp th - [63]
m my ni la - [16474]
m my phun tro - [5122]
m qung - [10427]
nh du ngn nc - [16642]
nh du nc - [16682]
nh du tuyn li ca i hi t dng chy ven b -
[13688]
nh gi - [1094],[5149],[5150],[5213]
nh gi a cht v kinh t m khong - [6149]
nh gi gi tr m khong bng tin - [4722]
nh gi kinh t a cht m khong - [6149]
nh gi kinh t m khong - [4723],[4726]
nh gi ti nguyn - [12572]
nh gi ti nguyn nc - [16664]
nh gi tc ng mi trng - [5001]
nh gi v mt pht hin - [5214]
p ng yu cu - [616]
y - [1382],[14819],[1837],[5676]
y bng - [16561]
y bin - [13347],[1468],[2306]
y bin thm - [76]
y dng chu - [11763]
y i dng - [1468]
y ging (ging trong khai thc hm l) - [13598]
y h - [1468],[8162]
y l - [5965]
y mt ct - [3745]
739
y nng - [12502] c im karst - [7881]
y sng - [12787],[12794],[1468] c im kin to - [15183]
y thung lng - [16224],[16229],[16237] c im nn t - [6557]
y thung lng rng bng phng - [14528] c st - [3147]
y trng i dng - [10243] c tnh m - [3809]
o - [15464],[2481],[6900] c tnh ring - [14181]
o aluvi thp hoc bi cn trong lng sng - [15657] c trng - [14178]
o ct nh gn vi b - [13127] c trng bi s khc thng - [6857],[6858]
o chn - [1356] c trng a chn - [13460]
o chu th - [3971] c trng k thut - [14179]
o cc tnh - [11606] t lp t bo v - [14014]
o di hp - [1311] m cht - [15092]
o dng cnh cy - [1893] m t - [3147]
o ln - [16142] m kh - [3152]
o ln (np un o) - [16141] m li - [12340]
o ngc - [12576],[16142],[7592] m ly - [14944],[1769],[8931],[9077],[9841]
o ngc hng dc - [12886] m ly b trn (ca ru) - [2896]
o nhnh - [1893] m ly b bin h - [10361]
o nh ct gn vi b - [13146] m ly cao nguyn - [6902]
o ni vi t lin - [15509],[15594] m ly ha - [11134]
o ni la - [16491] m ly lc a - [16122]
o san h - [3420] m ly nc mn - [13080]
o san h vng vi nhng vt liu t i khng phi san h m ly phn b ca sng - [12790]
- [530] m ly s vt - [8981]
o tri ni - [5660] m ly tam gic chu thy triu - [15483]
o vng san h - [1143] m ly than bn - [10961]
o vng bin - [8135] m ly thp - [8711]
phn bc - [6389] m ly ven bin - [13358],[13359]
san bng - [6389] m ly vng cao - [6902]
thoi - [6389] m ly (tt) - [10764]
tnh tr lng - [11960],[9156] m ph - [8128]
i qung - [10455],[1985] m ph bin - [10833]
i vng - [2796] m ph ra - [9018]
i - [5094] m ph ven b - [2981]
i Arkei - [941] m qu mc - [10582]
i n sinh - [3644] m rung su gia c t nn - [16399]
i bo t - [8806],[9190] m t - [3154]
i Cryptozoi - [3644] u - [15554],[6743]
i dm kt - [9180] u cc (cctr) - [2026]
i dng - [10242],[16223] u ct siphon - [2059]
i dng th gii - [16948] u dn - [4552]
i dng ton cu - [16948] u m - [12260]
i a hnh - [8803] u o - [5987]
i hng thy - [3973] u o p lc - [8602],[8991]
i kh hu - [8791] u ng - [12260]
i lc - [3329],[8052],[8053] u i din cun cht - [15818]
i lc c Bc bn cu - [8292] u - [11922]
i lng ngu nhin - [14473] u hai nh ph - [3503]
i Ty Dng - [1130] u hm - [12659]
i th hai - [13393] u khi trt - [8213]
i thc vt - [8796],[9185] u mi khoan - [1667]
i thc vt Cainozoi (Kainozoi) - [2066] u mi khoan bng kim loi c ti luyn v c cng
i Thc vt thi c - [445] cao - [6713]
i v sinh (t) - [1242] u mi khoan dng trepa - [2697]
ng k - [12466] u ngun - [6743]
p bng - [12843] u ngun hay ni bt u ca dng sng - [12796]
p p - [4881] u ng - [6744]
p - [4881] u t c bn - [1397]
p ng - [12810] u vch - [13539],[6751]
ng chiu dy - [15416],[15417] u vnh - [1433]
ng su - [4030] t - [3878]
ng hng - [7713] t - [14051],[14067]
ng nhit - [7716] t - [4668],[4690],[6554]
ng sc - [7676] t acid - [155]
ng thi - [14995],[14997] t Adam - [212]
ng tnh - [7710] t aluvi - [521]
c bit l loi vi vn sinh vt thng cha ton b vi t bc mu - [7087]
ho thch - [2838] t bng tch - [6563]
c im cu trc - [14690] t b mt - [15630]
c im a chn - [13477] t b y tri ln - [8230]
c im h thng sng c - [10688] t b nng ln - [8230]
c im hnh hc khi nm - [16748] t b xo trn - [12508],[12511]

740
t bi - [4530] t residial - [12554]
t bi sng - [12808] t ru - [9742]
t bi t - [329] t ra lc a - [3335]
t b - [13702] t ri - [4677]
t b ri (t khng dnh) - [3056] t ra la - [16585]
t bn - [10351],[9789] t Sa mc - [4054]
t bn c st ln - [9795] t san lp - [8809]
t bn phn lp phng - [9795] t st - [2866]
t chy - [12176],[13967] t st c do thp - [8362]
t chua - [155] t st m ln - [2850]
t chun (cctr) - [1502] t st xo trn - [12510]
t cha si - [6477] t st c nho trn - [12018]
t cha vi - [2098] t st ngo - [2860]
t c ct - [12478] t st nhy - [13526]
t c nhiu hu c - [10960] t st qu c kt - [10584]
t c nc chy qua - [5703] t st trng n - [1722]
t c tnh nn ln - [3204] t silic - [13801]
t c kt bnh thng - [10171] t son - [12377],[12983]
t cng - [5599] t son hay ocher - [12389]
t dng nguyn vn - [7510] t st - [15831],[4677]
t dnh - [3058] t tn d mu to thnh lp ph trn vi - [15299]
t d hng (cctr) - [757] t tn tch - [12554]
t a din - [11656] t ti xp - [8127]
t n nh - [14339] t trng - [16822]
t p - [4882],[5562],[8809] t trng trt - [15630]
t m ly - [1776] t trung tnh - [10039]
t en - [1679] t trng n - [5273]
t m - [1700] t vi - [2124]
t ng bng thng xuyn - [11065] t vng - [16578]
t ng bng vnh cu - [11071] t x phng - [14006]
t - [12378],[8050] t xi mng - [14053]
t hoang mc - [12371] t yu - [3076]
t c li - [12508] p - [3873],[4881]
t c gia c - [14339] p chn - [1342],[1352]
t giu diatomit - [4164] p chn nc - [3805]
t hang ng - [2463] p t - [4670]
t hay sp - [3076] p t bi - [7112]
t him - [12290] p iu chnh mc nc - [3373]
t hoang d - [16860] p iu ha - [3373]
t huyn arkos - [1015] p iu ha nc - [2644]
t hu c - [10458],[9789],[9841] p gi nc - [12582],[2644]
t karst - [7894] p nc - [8346]
t khong - [9530] p travectin - [15725]
t khng phn loi - [11378] p trn - [16766]
t kim - [464] p trnh quai - [2032]
t laterit - [8271] p trng lc - [6490]
t laterit mu nu - [12373] p tri - [4534]
t lin - [8193],[8912] p tr chng - [2029]
t li - [11328] p vm - [930]
t lt - [8637] p vm trng lc - [931]
t lt dng bp b - [8631] o - [10981],[11679],[14520],[3062],[3499],[3676],[6373],
t lt hay loes - [8629] [7997],[9963]
t lt hoc cu to t t lt - [8635] o yn nga do t gy - [5419],[5421]
t lt ta u tr - [8633] hai - [4168]
t mu ht d - [12375] - [1311],[4881]
t mu vng - [17040] bo v - [8436]
t mui kim - [13055] bo v b sng - [12807]
t mn - [16637] bin - [13368]
t nu - [12374] bi tch - [509]
t nn - [6554] ct - [13117],[13122],[13151],[1428]
t nn dng keo - [14054] ct b - [10283]
t nn di mng cng trnh - [14804] ct ct cho mt phn ca vnh hoc sng - [16898]
t nn a din - [11656] ct chn nhn u - [3726]
t ngp lt - [8201] ct dng ch V - [16297]
t nghing - [13241] ct dc b b ngp nc ngay c khi triu kit - [14766]
t nhn to - [8810] ct an cho - [12588]
t ni di ngm vi t lin - [1254] ct gia vnh - [9475]
t ph sa - [521] ct hnh thnh do dng nc xoy - [10017]
t ph sa c khai khn - [13953] ct hoc cui hoc e chn ni o vi t lin hoc
t podzol vng - [12407] vi cc o khc - [15592]
t prairic - [12376] ct khng b bin i - [16086]
t radiolar - [12227] ct ngang - [15713]

741
 ct ni o dng ch Y - [17078] in cc pht (trong thm d din) - [15702]
ct ni o n - [13870] in mi - [4187]
ct sng v b - [14946] in phn - [4846]
ct sng - [12783] in th cho php - [13032]
chn sng - [16899],[1916] in th thm lc - [4845]
chng lt - [5669] in tr - [4838]
dung nham - [8314] in tr phc - [3169]
t - [4670],[4671] in tr sut chun zn di - [8657]
mnh vn - [3873] in tr sut dc - [8668]
ngun gc thc vt - [11264] in tr sut ring - [16093]
quai - [1999],[3050] ip - [14835]
t nhin - [9938] ip (Pectinidae) - [13226]
un khc - [9150] i km - [7522]
un vng cung - [930] i qua - [10912]
u - [16786] nh - [1452],[15554],[16011],[16016],[3598],[6743],[850],
u bn - [5081] [864]
mm san h (cs) - [801] nh bng - [15042]
t - [12166] nh p - [15602]
m bng st - [2863] nh i - [7998]
m u cc - [3721] nh (trn) im - [850]
iu chnh - [12474],[1286],[237],[3372] nh khi trt - [8224]
iu chnh nhy - [13528] nh mi dc - [15602]
iu chnh trc din ngang - [238] nh np un - [3544]
iu ha - [12474] nh nhit - [15389]
iu khin nhy theo thi gian - [13529] nh nhn - [11341]
iu khon v chuyn quyn s hu (trong cc hp ng) - nh ni - [11330],[11580],[3544]
[2610] nh ni hnh kim - [9968]
iu kin - [13477],[6557] nh ni trn - [8010]
iu kin b mt khe nt - [3515] nh qut - [5390]
iu kin bin - [1853] nh qut bi tch - [5397]
iu kin ch tiu tnh tr lng khong sn - [12128] nh sng - [3544]
iu kin/c im a cht - [6142] nh sng lin kt - [229]
iu kin/c im a hnh - [13905] nh st dng i trn - [1819]
iu kin Ghyben-Herzberg - [6240] nh to - [433]
iu kin (c im) nc ngm - [6579] nh thm - [1526]
iu kin ph hy - [5359] nh vt gn - [12759]
iu kin trong m hnh ha - [13860] a - [4336]
iu tra - [11931],[11934],[11935] a do gi - [16892]
iu tra s b - [12342],[12345] a ming - [10397]
im - [11580] a ming san h (cs) - [803]
im cao ca t - [6780] a nn (cs) - [1377]
im cao nht ca tip xc gia vt liu xo trn ca t a sao - [4302]
trt vi mt vch trt - [15601] a bn - [3156],[3157]
im chy do - [17056] a bn a cht - [6151]
im chy lng - [9223] a b - [2050]
im chiu cu - [11622] a b m - [9509]
im chiu cc - [11622] a bnh l hc - [6185]
im chun - [12435] a chn hc - [13484]
im dc ng ca - [3518] a chn hc ng dng - [900]
im o - [7504] a chn kch thch - [7421]
im o hi t - [3385] a chn kch thch do h cha - [12540],[12775]
im o (trong thm d in) - [15751] a cht nh - [11224]
im o th nghim nm trong s im o - [15315] a cht bin - [10746],[9038]
im i chn - [841] a cht cu to - [14692],[15169]
im ho - [16873] a cht cng trnh - [4966],[6144]
im ht nc - [16782] a cht du kh - [11155]
im kim tra mt t - [6558] a cht gc - [14078]
im nng - [7036] a cht y bin - [14772]
im ni gia hai phn t t hoc - [7787] a cht-a l t nhin - [11261]
im n - [13723] a cht a tng - [14549]
im phn nhnh ca mch qung - [11587] a cht th - [16185]
im quan st - [7504] a cht ng v - [7721]
im qung - [9513] a cht ng lc - [4632]
im Quiri - [3705] a cht hc - [6160]
im su - [4034] a cht hc ng dng - [897]
im si th hai - [13395] a cht h - [8483]
im sng - [4103] a cht khu vc - [966]
im tip xc - [7787] a cht kin trc - [15169]
im trung tnh - [10036] a cht kinh t - [4727]
im un - [8004] a cht mi trng - [4999]
in hnh thch nghi (cs) - [218] a cht nng nghip - [350],[354]
in cc pht - [3713] a cht nc di t - [6586]

742
a cht sinh thi - [4712],[4718] a mng cnh lc a - [10831]
a cht thy vn - [7156] a mng chun - [17066],[17122]
a cht thy vn ng v - [7724] a mng gia - [9260]
a cht thy vn karst - [7883] a mng hp phn - [13549]
a cht thy vn m - [9550] a mng m - [9746]
a cht thy vn mi trng - [5000] a mng nguyn thy - [11853]
a cht thy vn phng x - [12224] a mng st - [12551]
a cht thy vn thc a - [5553] a mng tn d - [12551]
a cht thy vn ng dng - [899] a mng tng - [15112]
a cht ton hc - [9105] a mng th sinh - [13408]
a cht vng - [966] a mng thc - [5178]
a cht v tr - [14150] a mng trn v sial - [4970]
a cht y hc - [9169] a mng trn v sima - [4971]
a chnh - [2050] a mng ven - [9568],[9569]
a c hc - [6171] a mng ven bin - [10831]
a dch t hc - [6131] a mo bng h - [3622]
a im - [4906] a mo ng lc - [4633]
a im xy dng p - [3810] a mo hnh thi - [6181],[6182]
a ho - [15831] a mo hc bng h - [11079]
a ho ni la - [16489] a mo hc y bin - [14773]
a hnh - [12503],[15607],[15621],[8202] a mo hc mt trng - [13498]
a hnh bn bnh bch quy - [1647] a mo lch s - [6931]
a hnh bng tuyt - [112] a mo ngun gc - [6180]
a hnh bi t - [125] a mo phn tch - [667]
a hnh bn-i trn - [8008] a mo sng - [5746]
a hnh car - [7875] a nhit - [6217]
a hnh cu trc - [14706] a nhit cp - [6221]
a hnh c s - [1390] a nhit k - [6224]
a hnh do cu trc - [14697] a sinh thi hc - [6130]
a hnh dng - [11730] a tng - [14527]
a hnh c trng - [5813] a tng ban u - [11953]
a hnh a phng - [1203],[8620] a tng bo t phn hoa - [10770]
a hnh i - [7849],[8009] a tng chun - [10522]
a hnh i v thung lng - [1401] a tng c t - [10708],[8887]
a hnh n nghing - [3675] a tng a chn - [13473]
a hnh i triu thp - [8716] a tng a cht - [6201]
a hnh g gh - [112] a tng o v - [15624]
a hnh hm - [12685] a tng hc - [14567]
a hnh Jura - [7824] a tng kin to - [15200]
a hnh karst - [2446],[7877],[7889] a tng-kin to - [15197]
a hnh k tha - [16100] a tng sinh thi - [4739]
a hnh kin to - [15173] a tng s b - [11953]
a hnh kiu apalachia - [881] a tng s kin - [5228]
a hnh lng cho - [7931] a tng thc hnh - [10867]
a hnh ln sng nhp nh - [5763] a tng t nhin - [11255]
a hnh nghing - [2912] a thin vn hc (cvt) - [1116]
a hnh nguyn thy - [7469] a thng k - [6200]
a hnh ngc - [7597] a thi hc - [6119],[6122],[6138]
a hnh phc tp - [3190] a thy vn hc - [6136]
a hnh sn c - [1203] a t - [6567]
a hnh st lng cho - [2444] a t m - [9553]
a hnh tn cng - [15985] a vt l l khoan - [6191]
a hnh thnh chui - [13550] a vt l sinh thi - [4719]
a hnh thung lng - [12686] a vt l thm d - [6190],[6192]
a hnh tch t - [4024] a vt l t hp - [7513]
a hnh tr - [17071] a vt l ng dng - [898]
a hnh tng i - [12492] a vng - [6058],[6059]
a hnh t sinh - [1193] nh danh cht lng - [12852],[12965]
a hnh yn nga - [13031] nh gi - [5213]
a ha hc - [6113] nh gi m khong - [4723]
a ha sinh thi - [4717] nh hng - [10464],[15740]
a khin - [3529] nh hng li khoan - [10466],[3441]
a khu - [15298] nh hng trn mt gn b - [10344]
a khu bin cht - [9352] nh hng tuyn tnh - [15740]
a kin sinh - [6211] nh lut chuyn ng - [9749]
a kin to - [15182],[6212],[6214] nh lut Darcy - [3824]
a k thut - [6206],[6207],[6208] nh lut i - [17159]
a ly - [12687],[16139] nh lut Hooke - [7000]
a l ng vt hc - [17218] nh lut khc x - [8332]
a l hc - [6135] nh lut lu vc sng - [8330]
a l t nhin hc - [11251],[11263] nh lut phn x - [8331]
a mng - [6202],[6205] nh lut Stoke - [14478]

743
nh lut th ba ca nhit ng hc - [15426] ng kt - [5256]
nh lut th ba v entropy - [15425] i - [11017],[1366]
nh lut th hai nhit ng hc - [13392] i - [1519]
nh lut Van Hoff - [16261] i - [2669],[2942],[3483],[5469]
nh lut v chuyn ng cc hnh tinh ca Kepler - [7925] i - [6913],[7762],[7848],[8031],[81],[8329],[8705],[8752],
nh lut v nghing ca sng - [8333] [9728]
nh l Becnuli - [1531] i bi bin - [1447]
nh l Mohr - [9609] i bng tch nh - [7078]
nh mc sinh hc - [1619] i ct - [13140]
nh mc - [10159],[10181] i c kh - [6741]
nh mc phn t Nigli - [10081] i dng st - [9730]
nh ngha thut ng hnh hc - [3914] i dng v - [8940]
nh tui gn ng ca tephra - [15273] i dung nham - [8307]
nh tui hunh quang nhit - [15412] i - [8012]
nh tui xenon - [16979] i nh - [8093]
nh v cc cu trc - [14698] i o - [7671]
n: translational fault - [15699] i ng kt - [11338]
o - [6053] i hay ng vt liu c hnh dng bt k ta nh bng tch
on - [13425],[3116] - [3878]
on cht - [2438] i hnh trng - [4567]
on cui - [15066] i karst nhit - [15409]
on gy - [7982],[8001] i mt bn - [8650]
on gp - [7982],[8001] i nh - [6697],[8010],[8032]
on gc mi - [2951] i ni - [2628]
on h a tng - [14552] i ni bn trng - [1404]
on sng - [12325] i st - [6741]
on sng m rng - [1946] i trn - [1829],[8007]
on thn gia - [9267] i xen k sng sui - [7528]
on thn sau - [9365] ng atectic - [14992]
on trc (cs) - [797] ng atexis - [14993]
on vt liu x c phun ra t ni la - [8317] ng p lc - [5086]
on vng xon - [14264] ng bo t - [6984],[6992]
olomit calci - [2102] ng bng phn bc - [14433]
o cao - [8439] ng bng tch - [4537]
o dng nhit - [6761] ng bng - [11394],[16496],[3267]
o c hin trng - [5557] ng bng adobe - [246]
o c thy vn - [7184] ng bng n - [3506]
o c trc a-thin vn - [1115] ng bng bi bin - [1445]
o a vt l - [6194] ng bng bi bi xm thc - [5115]
o a vt l ngoi hin trng - [6195] ng bng bng tch - [15521]
o cao - [7274],[8440] ng bng bin - [9041]
o ln - [13580] ng bng bin thm - [83]
o nht - [16425],[16427] ng bng b nng cao v chia ct - [10921]
o su nc ti im thm d - [14135] ng bng bc mn - [11395]
o su v sc khng xuyn ca t nn - [14136] ng bng bc mn trc ni - [9770]
o gamma-gamma l khoan hay gamma mt - [6012] ng bng bi tch - [515],[517]
o hunh quang - [5720] ng bng bi tch chn ni - [11283]
o kch thc ht - [6452] ng bng bi t - [331]
o mc nc - [16642] ng bng cao - [6904]
o nhit - [15403] ng bng ct - [13149]
o nhit trong l khoan - [15238] ng bng ct x - [3736]
o rung t v ghi a b - [2052] ng bng chn ni - [1385]
o su - [14133] ng bng chu th - [3957]
o su in - [4839] ng bng chu th duyn hi - [3963]
o su a chn - [13471] ng bng chu th ngp nc - [14738]
o thi gian ti ca sng P v sng S - [10777] ng bng cht - [8597]
o trng ng sut - [14622] ng bng chnh - [10785]
o trng ng sut bng phng php khoan chm - ng bng chn vi - [3506]
[10586] ng bng c b mt cu trc phn bc - [14574]
o v a cht cng trnh - [4965] ng bng c - [10722]
o v a hnh - [15619] ng bng c s - [1385]
o v a vt l - [6193] ng bng delta bin - [9035]
o v li khoan - [3440],[8645] ng bng dung nham - [8315]
o v trng lc - [6503] ng bng duyn hi - [2976],[2983]
o v t hng khng - [280] ng bng gc - [10977]
i hi - [3977] ng bng gc hnh qut c bi tch - [5394]
ng - [7378] ng bng gc trc ni - [11292]
ng bng - [5889] ng bng gc trc ni b chia ct - [4350]
ng bng trong t nn - [5940] ng bng trc ni lin tc - [2962]
ng bng vnh cu - [11100] ng bng y bin - [14774],[14776]
ng cc hoc ng ng ly mu t - [4553] ng bng m ly nc mn - [13081]
ng cng - [3304],[5256] ng bng nh - [10948],[14865]

744
ng bng i - [7853] ng thy tinh - [16437]
ng bng c c trng bi nhiu t li - [11329] ng trm tch - [3473]
ng bng "khc" - [5158] ng v bn - [14353]
ng bng ha - [5828] ng v do phng x sinh ra - [12220]
ng bng h lm - [11381] ng v khng bn - [16107]
ng bng karst - [7885] ng v nng - [6765]
ng bng karst ra - [9017] ng v phng x - [12204]
ng bng khc un - [9152] ng v phng x t nhin - [9941],[9944]
ng bng kin to - [14703] c - [10706]
ng bng kiu cao nguyn - [11457] c trn - [16129]
ng bng lng cho - [10785],[10787],[1788],[7935] ha (tc) - [6456]
ng bng l tch chn ni - [1282] ph tng - [102]
ng bng mi mn bin - [11397],[11399] th - [4132],[6456]
ng bng ngp lt - [5671] th biu din kt qu th nghim phn tch thnh phn
ng bng ngp lt ln - [8591] ht t - [6409]
ng bng nghing - [13237],[4261] th biu din s gim tc dng chy sau ma -
ng bng nh - [8093] [12334]
ng bng nh - [9251] th cu to - [14684]
ng bng pha trong - [7537] th cc khe nt - [7795]
ng bng ra la - [16590] th im - [11583],[13246]
ng bng ra tri - [11404] th hoa hng - [12910]
ng bng ra tri do bng tan - [10573] th ( - [11271]
ng bng ra tri nh - [11380] th kh hu - [2898]
ng bng san bng bn sn - [11396] th lu lng - [13964]
ng bng si mn bin - [13363] th my tnh - [3219]
ng bng sng - [12799] th mt khe nt - [7790]
ng bng sng bng - [6277] th mc nc - [8484],[8485]
ng bng thung lng bi t (m) - [333] th pi - [11271]
ng bng tri dt - [4537] th tn x - [13246]
ng bng trung gian - [7544] th thch cu trc - [11139]
ng bng ven bin - [2976],[2983] th thch hc cu to - [11583]
ng bng ven b b chm ngp - [14784] th theo hng hay cn gi l th hoa hng - [10465]
ng bng ven sng - [515] th tri im - [4383]
ng bng vng cao - [6904] th ng sut bin dng - [14632]
ng bng vng bin - [8139] th ng sut-bin dng - [14631]
ng bng xm thc - [5111] trang sc - [6079]
ng bng xi mn bin - [11398],[9042] i bin - [1862]
ng bi - [13719] i hnh - [4913]
ng cu trc - [7714] i ming - [29],[5]
ng c cao vng ni Crime - [17024] i snh - [15526],[3459]
ng c nc mn - [13082] i snh bin cht - [9342]
ng c gn cc Bc - [17021] i snh a tng - [14546]
ng n - [13719] i snh nin i - [2741]
ng - [12978] i snh sinh hc - [1606]
ng ng hc - [15009] i snh thch hc - [8551],[8560]
ng emerald - [4896] i snh theo khong cch a tng - [7574]
ng (Cu) - [3403] i snh tuyn tnh - [8503]
ng g - [16933] i tm - [746]
ng hnh - [6978],[7699] i trng - [3493]
ng hnh (kv) - [6977] i trc - [11]
ng ha - [1095],[1096],[4212] i xng - [14972],[9765]
ng ha magma - [8839] i xng hai mt - [14245]
ng h - [3307],[3979],[4134] m - [12042]
ng h carbon - [2279] m nh - [12045]
ng h o p lc - [11829] ng - [435],[4600]
ng h o p lc t - [4673] ng thi - [1366],[6757]
ng h o bin dng Tenxomet - [1533] ng qung - [10431]
ng h o mc nc (bin) - [16632] t - [2369],[3116]
ng h o vi nguyn tc dy rung - [16394] t chi - [3791]
ng h nguyn t - [1149] t chi gi - [2368]
ng h phng x - [12197] t gy - [10239],[9966]
ng khoang - [6983] t gc - [3511]
ng kin to - [10872],[15009] t hng - [3510]
ng lin kt - [7680] t ngn - [3793],[3795]
ng lng hnh - [7681] t sng - [16349]
ng magma - [3121] t tay cun - [2798]
ng mu chm - [7404] - [15464]
ng nht - [6985] i dng - [3917],[4403]
ng tectic - [14986] i mu nc - [16609]
ng ruby - [12978] ti ch - [2396]
ng sinh - [15006] - [11515],[2451],[3204],[3932]
ng to ni - [15010] c cht hc mi trng - [5007]

745
c lp - [7383] chi - [12457]
i a vt l - [6188] chc - [11513]
i o a chn thm d (pht, thu) - [13459] cong - [3718]
i o trng lc - [6480] co t nhin - [374]
i khoan - [4548] c kt - [3934]
i khoan a chn - [4455] cng - [12712]
i tm kim thm d - [5284] cng carbonat - [2303]
ng - [2455] cng ct - [13633]
ng bng - [7290] cng ca t - [6715]
ng t - [4679] cng ca khong vt - [6716]
ng t c chn tiu di nc - [13381] cng ca nc - [6717]
ng t do ni la - [16482] cng php tuyn - [10176]
ng t gn - [9958] cng phi carbonat - [10128]
ng t kin to - [15163] cng tm thi (ca nc) - [15242]
ng t kch thch - [7415] cng thng xuyn - [11102]
ng t ln - [8915] cng v p sut tr lc ca lp b tng lt (hm -
ng t mnh - [6510] [14906]
ng t nhn to - [8985] cng vnh vin - [11102]
ng t su - [3899],[3900] dy - [3999]
ng t siu nh - [15994] dy ca li thm d - [4003]
ng hc - [7975] dn in - [4834]
ng lc hc - [7977] dn nhit - [15382],[6759]
ng lc ni bn - [4978] dn thy lc - [7109]
ng thi - [12461] dnh bm (cctr) - [228]
ng thi ca nn t - [6568] dn - [1945]
ng vt c xng sng - [16350] dc - [6396]
ng vt dng bt (Scyphozoa) - [13342] dc biu kin (gc dc thy c) - [885]
ng vt dng ru (Bryozoa) (cs) - [1977] dc (m) - [4258]
ng vt n ct (Haplozoa) - [6708] dc khu vc - [10162]
ng vt n mnh - [16096] dc ti hn - [3572]
ng vt hc - [17221] n hi - [4827]
ng vt khng xng sng bin c trng bng i xng c - [3297]
to tia - [15269] ng t - [8902]
ng vt khng xng sng (Invertebrata) - [7593] c - [15913]
ng vt nguyn sinh (Protozoa) - [11954] gin n - [4231]
ng vt nguyn thy (Eozoa) - [5025] gin n v sc bn ct - [4229]
ng vt sng trong ct - [4948] h thp n v - [14183]
ng vt trn mt ct - [5053] h thp ring - [14183]
ng vt v chitin (Chitinozoa) - [2698] ht - [10902],[6407],[6441]
ng vt V gip - [3618] ht nghch o - [12606]
acid ca nc - [152] ht trung bnh - [1005]
m - [16616],[7061],[9614],[9615] ha tan - [14090]
m ca t - [14059] hng gia cc ht - [7531]
m m cht qui nh - [11385] ht m - [7237]
m hp ph - [7236] khong ho (ca nc) - [9511]
m hu hiu ca t - [1202] khuych tn nhit - [15383]
m khng kh - [367] kim ca nc - [467]
m ngoi tri - [5558] lch - [4095]
m ring - [14186] lch qun phng - [4095]
m ti u m cht t - [10396] lch trung bnh - [9141]
m ti hn - [3570] linh ng - [5713]
m tuyt i - [53] li lm ca b mt gin on - [16065]
m tng i - [12489] l hng - [11698]
m v hiu - [16023] l hng nguyn sinh - [3317]
m v hiu ca t - [16024] ln - [8902]
bo ha - [3936] ln - [13577]
bn ko - [15254] ln ca t nn do c kt - [3305]
bn nn - [3215] mnh vn - [2836]
bn (thi gian) ca b tng phun - [4612] mnh - [7514]
bin dng - [3920] mm do - [3176],[4587]
bc hi tim nng - [11768] m ca gin on - [4310]
cao - [556],[6780],[7273] m ca gin on (cctr) - [849]
cao cng tc tng ng - [5092] mui - [13063]
cao ct p lc - [11307] mui c - [10724]
cm - [11513] nghing - [11513],[4258],[6387],[6396]
cn bng Quiri - [3703] nghing ca l mn - [1705]
chy - [5713] nghing ca mt trt ti hn - [3566]
cht (Id) - [3933] nghing u - [10162]
chm - [11513] nghing n nh - [719]
chnh xc - [11812],[139] nghing ti hn ca mt trt - [7373]
chnh xc ca thit b - [13524] nhm - [12957]
chn lc - [3937] nhm (cctr) - [1086]

746
 nhm (x x) ca gin on - [4318] n v Bubnoff - [1978]
nh nc - [14190] n v cc tnh thch a tng (thch a tng cc tnh) -
nhy - [13524],[13527] [11607]
nhy cm ca nc di t (i vi s nhim) - n v dng nhit - [6762]
[6605] n v a tng-kin to - [15196]
nhy cm ca tng cha nc - [913] n v a tng thy vn - [7210]
nhy ca mu t b xo trn - [12513] n v o hot phng x - [3704]
nht - [16428] n v Etvs - [5024]
nht ng - [4643] n v hnh thi - [9721]
nht ng hc - [7974] n v nhit ca Anh (BTU) - [1938]
nht tuyt i - [57] n v nin i sinh a tng - [1603]
(h s) nh nc (cctr) - [17051] n v phn loi - [15134]
phn gii - [12571] n v qui c bn - [9005]
phn hy sinh hc - [1607] n v sinh a tng - [1629]
pH mi mn (bo mn) - [37] n v sinh nin i - [1602]
phong ph - [72] n v thch kin to - [15179],[8577]
phng x - [12209] n v triti - [15813],[15856]
phng - [7449] n v trng lng ca kim cng - [11580]
qunh - [3297],[3298] i - [1493],[17164],[2751]
rng - [11698] i aphit - [861]
rng p thp - [274] i argilit - [987]
rng cch ly - [7691] i nh hng khai o - [17191]
rng hu hiu - [4788] i m - [7060]
rng khe nt - [5852] i m mao dn - [2235]
rng mao dn - [2237] i n - [3627]
rng thong kh - [271] i bao kin to - [15170]
rng thot nc hu hiu - [4780] i bo v nc di t - [6597]
sai lch - [4095] i bo ha - [17203]
su - [4029] i bng h thp - [10655]
su chn tm (ng t) - [4032] i bn te - [14272]
su c - [10687] i bin cht o ngc - [7596]
su ca nc - [16614] i bin cht nng - [5071]
su n b carbonat - [2298] i bin dng do - [11448],[17199]
su khe nt tch xung yu (ti hn) - [3575] i bin i - [13682]
su n mn - [13721] i bin i kali - [11755]
su thm d - [4031] i bng rm - [13594]
su thm xuyn - [4033] i cng - [15265]
su ti hn - [3564] i ct - [13641]
st - [3297] i chy c hc - [17193]
s s - [12957] i chy (ca v tri t) - [17182]
tn sc - [12488] i ch th - [7394]
thm - [11104],[11129] i chm - [10604]
thm hu hiu - [4786] i chun - [14375]
thm ni ti - [7582] i chuyn tip cc tnh (i cc tnh chuyn tip) - [11612]
thm thy lc - [7118] i chuyn tip sinh thi - [4741]
thm tuyt i - [54] i c than - [2957]
thm tng i - [12491] i cc i - [10952]
thiu m - [9616] i cc thnh (cs) - [162]
thu hi li khoan - [3442] i cc tnh - [11601],[11613]
tip cn ht - [10650] i dao ng (mc nc) - [17183]
tin cy - [11812] i dm kt ha - [17169]
tng khong ha - [15649] i dng phng (un np) - [17206]
trng ht - [3930] i dp v - [17174],[17185],[5857]
trt thc - [10029] i dp v dng phin l - [5770]
t cm - [14924] i dch chuyn - [13682]
t cm d hng - [14925] i dn v do - [17186]
t ha cm ng - [7417] i nh du - [7394]
t thin - [3887] i a bnh nguyn - [6184]
un ln ca b mt gin on - [16722] i ng gi - [17187]
vn di ca khe nt - [4312] i ng nht - [6987]
n bin - [16097] i n c - [2027]
n c - [9661] i i dng - [17209]
n cung - [14988] i t gy - [17181]
n khong - [9662] i t gy c nt (trong qu trnh bin dng) - [17174]
n mnh - [16096] i t gy y - [12902]
n np - [16085] i gy - [8002]
n nghing - [9652] i gm mn - [3467]
n ngun gc - [9657],[9658] i geopathogen - [6184]
n phin (Monoplacophora) - [9664] i gin on - [17177]
n tm - [9651] i gim ng sut - [3857]
n thnh phn - [9657],[9658] i gc t gy - [12902]
n v bn - [2377] i ho tan - [17205]

747
i ht chm - [14749] i vch y - [15051]
i (tng) bo ho nc mao qun - [17171] i ven b - [8578]
i khai thc - [17200] i ven ra hay i gip ranh - [8598]
i khu - [14931] i vng trn nh - [13980]
i khe nt - [7804] i v vn - [13616]
i khong ho - [17194] i xi mn - [17180]
i khong sn - [9534] i xung yu - [17210]
i khng c nh sng - [857] - [2028]
i khng hot ng - [17190] t sng cun cun - [3126]
i khng lin tc - [17177] ui - [15066],[2438]
i kh hn - [1001] ui hnh qut - [15068],[2439]
i kh - [17202] ui qung - [15069]
i lm giu - [17179] n ln - [5326],[5327]
i mao dn - [17170],[2245] n nc - [11353]
i m bt - [4356] c kt a tng - [14544]
i ngoi - [5266] n - [4600]
i ngoi vch - [5263] ng - [3088]
i ngun gc-hnh thi - [9716] n b - [13699]
i ngui lnh - [2689] n ct - [13133]
i nhit - [15239] n ct b - [2897]
i nhit cao gy cht - [17189] n ct c khe hm do gi - [16888]
i nhit khng i - [17173] n ct dng parabol - [6673]
i nin i a tng - [2749] n ct di ng - [16569]
i nng - [5071] n ct t on - [1744]
i nc di t - [6607] n ct hnh ch U - [16196]
i nc th nhng - [14065],[14066] n ct hnh parabol - [10798]
i nc t do - [11236] n ct mng nga - [7028]
i oxy ho - [17197] n ct ngc - [12613]
i ph hy do lc ct - [13641] n ct n nh - [692]
i ph hy y - [12902] n ct phc hp - [3167]
i ph v - [17185] n ct thi - [1744]
i phn b bt thng - [17196] n ct trung ha - [10034]
i phn b bnh thng - [17195] n ct trng thnh - [692]
i phong ph - [73] n c ui - [15067]
i phng h v sinh ngun nc - [13166] n hnh ch S - [13774]
i ph - [10604] n khut gi - [16018]
i phylic - [11242] n ngang - [15715]
i propylit - [11927] n vt di theo hng gi - [16555]
i qu - [17207] ng - [8502],[8506]
i rift - [12699] ng A (cctr) - [450]
i rift ni la - [16500] ng andesit - [699]
i ra lc a - [3335] ng o - [10757]
i saprolit - [13181] ng bao cu trc - [14679],[14712]
i st kt - [987] ng bao chy do - [17053]
i sinh a tng - [1630] ng bao Mohr - [9612]
i sinh thi - [4745] ng bao ph hy (Mohr) - [5362]
i sinh trng - [17188] ng bao vng trn ng sut Mohr - [9607]
i sng v - [13214] ng bn l - [6919]
i sulfua - [14843] ng bo ha - [13203],[13449]
i tan mn (ca bng) - [17178] ng bin - [3740]
i tch gin sinh phun tro - [16500] ng bin a tng - [14547]
i ti kt tinh - [17201] ng bin thin trng P-T - [5560]
i thay i theo ma - [17204] ng b - [13703]
i thch a tng - [8575] ng b bn bnh nguyn hi sinh - [12580]
i thch hc - [8575] ng b bin - [16643],[2984]
i thch thi - [8550] ng b bin c t bng tch - [6564]
i thm - [17198] ng b bin Dalmatia - [3802]
i thu sng ( bin) - [17208] ng b bin khng chnh hp - [4327]
i thch nghi (cs) - [220] ng b bin lin hp (hay ng b lin kt) - [3198]
i thot nc - [17176] ng b bin nguyn thy - [7470]
i thng kh - [17168] ng b bin phn bc - [6392]
i thi a tng - [2749] ng b bin tri khp - [4327]
i thc vt - [5680],[5682] ng b bin x t - [3802]
i tch t - [137],[17167],[17175] ng b b chm ngp - [14785]
i tc thp - [8719] ng b b ngp - [4563]
i trong - [4958] ng b ct kha - [12673]
i tri dt ven b - [17192] ng b chm ngp - [13708]
i trung gian - [9274] ng b ca ng bng ra tri - [10574]
i trt - [13641] ng b do nng lc a - [13707],[9976]
i un khc ca sng - [9151] ng b n iu - [6392]
i un np - [17184] ng b h - [16643]
i un np mnh - [17172] ng b khc mn do sng - [16708]

748
ng b kiu Thi Bnh Dng - [10646] ng ng thi - [7717]
ng b li - [12595] ng ng thi (vl) - [7677]
ng b ln chm - [13705] ng ng tr - [7692]
ng b nn thng - [12356] ng ng t - [7693]
ng b nng - [13706] ng ng t khuynh - [7679]
ng b nn phng vt - [513] ng ng t thin - [7686]
ng b ni la - [16516] ng c trng ca nn t - [6556]
ng b thoi ha - [11907] ng m bo ha (m Proctor) - [17118]
ng b thoi lui - [41] ng o - [7778]
ng b thi tit - [16741] ng ng mc - [3364]
ng b thun hng - [3233] ng t gy - [15663]
ng b tip xc vi xm nhp - [7319] ng t trong - [12694]
ng b trung ha - [10038] ng gy - [8003]
ng ct - [11902],[11903] ng gp - [8003]
ng chy - [5707] ng g bi kt - [123]
ng chn tri biu kin - [9936] ng hm - [15894]
ng chia nc - [15611],[16679],[4406],[4507],[6583] ng hp th - [66]
ng chia thnh - [15906] ng khu - [14929]
ng cong m hc trong ging khoan c ghi nhn bi ng khu chy - [12929]
mt my thu - [13867] ng khu di ming - [7264]
ng cong biu din thnh phn ht t - [10904] ng khu goniatit - [6365]
ng cong biu din thi gian truyn sng a chn trong ng khu hng trc (cs) - [250]
khng gian - [15527] ng khu kiu Ceratit - [2538]
ng cong carota siu m - [14120] ng khu kiu Cc (cs) - [630]
ng cong chy - [5692] ng khu l vch bo ph - [104]
ng cong ch thi gian truyn sng a chn theo ng khu mt - [5344]
phng thng ng - [15528] ng khu ngoi - [5312]
ng cong m ln - [3151] ng khu ni - [3285]
ng cong o gamma carota - [6013] ng khu rn - [16006]
ng cong o th phn cc t nhin - [13502] ng khu trong - [7555]
ng cong gim ti - [12330] ng kha - [14638]
ng cong h thp - [4524] ng khp - [3139]
ng cong kit dn - [4017] ng kin to - [15175]
ng cong liu lng - [4474] ng knh ht hu hiu - [4782]
ng cong lu lng- mc nc - [14359] ng knh hu hiu - [4779]
ng cong nn - [3207] ng knh l mn - [1704]
ng cong nn p - [3151] ng li - [6534]
ng cong phn phi ca i lng ngu nhin - [4377] ng mm - [5649]
ng cong phn phi thnh phn ht t - [6409] ng ni lin cc trng su ca mt tng cho - [15836]
ng cong ti trng ln - [8606] ng ni pediment - [10981]
ng cong Theis - [15367] ng nc kh tng ton cu - [6317]
ng cong th t nhin - [14294] ng phn gic - [1648]
ng cong thoi - [6398] ng phn thy - [15611],[16667],[16670],[4406],[4507],
ng cong tch lu - [3682] [6509]
ng cong tr lng-mc nc - [14358] ng phn thy di t - [6583]
ng cong ng sut-bin sut hon chnh - [3162] ng phn thy lc a - [3340]
ng c s - [1386] ng phn thy thun hng - [3294]
ng cung - [15906] ng phng - [14645],[14649],[15740],[8500]
ng cng - [12711],[14086] ng r nc ko di - [8665]
ng dng b ni la - [16515] ng so - [8121]
ng dn nc - [4498] ng sng - [2344],[2345]
ng dng - [14594],[5695] ng sn xm thc vch ng - [6314]
ng dc - [12261],[8498] ng tan - [14119]
ng y - [1386] ng tng trng - [6617]
ng y thung lng - [16233] ng tht nt - [9965]
ng ng p tc thi - [7502] ng thng - [8496]
ng ng bin thin th k - [7707] ng thm - [13449],[13450],[5707]
ng ng cao - [7688] ng thot nc - [4502],[4510]
ng ng chn - [7708],[7709] ng thng - [6002]
ng ng chiu dy - [7674] ng thy ng p - [7168]
ng ng dy - [7704] ng thy ng cao - [7167]
ng ng d thng - [7664] ng tiu nc - [4502]
ng ng a nhit - [7685] ng trc din - [11902],[11903]
ng ng mn - [7687] ng trn Mohr - [9610]
ng ng (gi tr trng lc) - [7684] ng tr lc - [12530]
ng ng gc lch t - [7686] ng t - [8886]
ng ng gc nghing - [7679] ng vo - [11101]
ng ng nhit - [7715] ng vch - [13236],[14929],[2886]
ng ng nhit tc thi - [7503] ng vch rn - [16008]
ng ng phn - [7706] ng vt c - [9837]
ng ng su mc nc - [7166] ng vin - [3364]
ng ng th - [5087] ng x l - [14249]

749
ng xch o c - [10691] t gy xoay - [12935],[12944]
ng xut l mch nc - [14325] t gy xon-thng c mt t gy phn thng ng -
c t vo hoc c hnh thnh y sng (thm tch [16951]
y sng) - [14753] t gy - [1914]
c vn chuyn - [15708] t gy chm nghch - [10617]
t on - [1914] t gy chm nghch cnh treo - [16125]
t on hay lng sui t on - [3486] t gy on - [16576]
t gy - [14718],[5413],[5428],[5850] Eagleford - [4659]
t gy v tuyn - [14791] eakerit - [4660]
t gy bn l - [13306] eardleyit - [4662]
t gy bng - [14651],[8260] earlandit - [4663]
t gy bc 2 - [14802] earlshanonit - [4664]
t gy bin dng - [15680] eastonit - [4695]
t gy bin dng gia i dng - [12689] ecdemit - [4700]
t gy cng - [15261] eckermanit - [4706]
t gy cho - [10217] eckrit - [4707]
t gy chm nghch - [10603],[8125] eclarit - [4708]
t gy dng bc - [9811] eclogit - [4709],[4711]
t gy dng ci ko - [13306] ectexin - [4746]
t gy dng vng - [12737],[12739] ectexis - [4747]
t gy dch chuyn song song - [10837] ectexit - [4748]
t gy dch chuyn thun - [10175] ectinit - [4749]
t gy dch chuyn xin - [10221] Eden - [4763]
t gy dc - [14646],[8664] edenit - [4764]
t gy y - [14070] edingtonit - [4770]
t gy ng kn - [13376] edolit - [4771]
t gy ng trm tch - [15012] Eem - [4773]
t gy i lp - [843] eglestonit - [4800]
t gy gi - [11982] egletonit - [4798]
t gy gip - [14274] egueiit - [4801]
t gy hot ng - [194] ehrwaldit - [4802]
t gy ln - [15175] Eifel - [4803]
t gy mi - [12897] eifelit - [4804]
t gy nn - [14070] einbolit - [4805]
t gy ngang - [13680] eitelit - [4806]
t gy nghch - [12605],[12610] ekanit - [4808]
t gy nghch chm - [13640],[15460],[15462],[16059] ekaterinit - [4809]
t gy nghch trt - [14634],[14635] ekerit - [4810]
t gy nghch xui - [12609] ektexin - [4812]
t gy nhnh - [14274] elbait - [4828]
t gy phng - [11414] Elbe - [4829]
t gy ph - [13405] eldrin - [4831]
t gy ranh gii - [9015] eleolit - [4856]
t gy rim - [11086] elestadit - [4863]
t gy rift - [12695] elip bin dng - [14513]
t gy ra - [11086],[9015] elipsoid - [4864]
t gy symon - [14981] elipsoid dt - [10215]
t gy tng trng - [11915] elipsoid ng sut - [14620],[4865]
t gy thng ng - [16361] elipxoit bin dng - [14514]
t gy theo phng - [14646] elkhornit - [4862]
t gy thoi - [8709] elpasolit - [4870]
t gy thun - [10167],[15459] Elphidiidae - [4871]
t gy thun tch - [14278] elpidit - [4872]
t gy thun va - [1474] Elster - [4873]
t gy th cp - [13405],[14802] Elton - [4874]
t gy th cp thun - [15025] eluvi - [4875],[4877]
t gy tnh tin - [15696] elyit - [4879]
t gy ta tia - [12186] embolit - [4885]
t gy tr - [8125] embrechit - [4887]
t gy trt - [13934],[15142] embreyit - [4888]
t gy trt bng - [14653],[14655],[8260] emeleucit - [4894]
t gy trt bng phi - [12705] emerald - [4895]
t gy trt bng tri - [13875],[8375],[8377] emerald Brazil - [1905]
t gy trt ngang - [15679] emerald (emrt) x bng - [5227]
t gy trt ngc - [12609] emerald m - [9747]
t gy trt phi - [12707] emerald ural - [16148]
t gy trt theo phng - [14655] emmonsit - [4903]
t gy vng - [12737] emplectit - [4907]
t gy vng cung - [951] empresit - [4908]
t gy vv) - [11121],[10467] Ems - [4909]
t gy xin - [10217] enalit - [4912]
t gy xin cho - [10217] enargit - [4914]

750
endelit - [4922] eurit - [5188]
enderbit - [4926] europi (Eu) - [5189]
endexin - [4927] eustratit - [5205]
endopelos - [4944] eutecti - [5206]
englishit - [4968] euxenit - [5212]
enstatit - [4972] evansit - [5215]
enstatolit - [4973] evaporit - [5220]
enstenit - [4974] eveit - [5224]
entoolitic - [4981] evekit - [5225]
entropy - [4990] ewaldit - [5231]
eo - [9963] exin - [5246]
Eocambri - [5009] eyletersit - [5334]
Eocen - [5010] ezcurit - [5335]
Eogen - [5011] eztlit - [5336]
eolium - [5014] (thuc Anthropogen) - [814]
eometamorphism - [5015] fabianit - [5337]
eon (t) - [270] faecal streptococi - [5355]
eo bin - [14520] faheyit - [5356]
eo vng bin - [8131] fairbankit - [5363]
eosphorit - [5021] fairchildit - [5364]
ephesit - [5028] fairfieldit - [5365]
epibolit - [5031] falun - [5386]
epidermis - [5034] Famen - [5387]
epididymit - [5036] Famenni (t) - [5387]
epidiorit - [5037] fanglomerat - [5396]
epidosit - [5038] faratsihit - [5398]
epidot - [11363],[5039] faringtonit - [5401]
epidot ha - [5040] farisit - [5402]
epidot mangan - [8961] farsundit - [5403]
epigene - [5043] fasait - [5408]
epigenit - [5044] fasinit - [5407]
epistibit - [5060] fasobititkit - [5406]
epistolit - [5061] faujasit - [5412]
epsomit - [5075] faustit - [5436]
erbi (Er) - [5097] fayalit - [5438]
Eri - [5099] federovskit - [5446]
ericait - [5100] fedorit - [5447]
ericsonit - [5101] fedorovskit - [5448]
erikit - [5102] fegusit - [5490]
eriochalcit - [5103] feldspar - [5450],[5452]
erionit - [5104] feldspar aventurin - [1212]
erlichmanit - [5105] feldspar ba hp phn - [15285]
erythrit - [12369],[5126] feldspar Ca-Na - [14038]
erythrosiderit - [5127] feldspar calci - [2136],[2391]
erzbergit - [5128] feldspar ha - [5466]
esboit - [5129] feldspar kali - [11749],[11760],[7942]
Escherichia coli (E coli) - [5133] feldspar kim - [456]
esexibasalt - [5144] feldspar Na-Ca - [14022]
esexit - [5145] feldspar natri - [14019],[14039]
eskebornit - [5135] feldspar natri-vi - [14005]
eskolait - [5138] feldspar thy tinh - [6292]
esonit - [5146] feldspar trc giao - [10512]
esperit - [5139] feldspar vng nh - [1212]
espichelit - [5140] feldspathoid - [5465],[5467],[5468]
esterelit - [5148] felsic - [5471]
etindit - [5160] felsid - [5473]
etnait - [5161] felsit - [5475]
etringit - [5163] felsitoid - [5477]
Etroeungt - [5162] felsoandesit - [5478]
eucairit - [5166] felsobanyit - [5479]
euclas - [5169] felspat trng - [16823]
euclorin - [5167] femic - [5480]
eucolit - [5170] fenaksit - [5481]
eucrit - [5171] fenit - [5485]
eucroit - [5168] fenit ha - [5486]
eucryptit - [5172] ferarisit - [5496]
eudialyt - [5174] ferazit - [5497]
eudidymit - [5175] ferberit - [5487]
eugeogenous - [5177] ferdisilicit - [5488]
eulysit - [5181] ferghanit - [5489]
eulytit - [5182] fergusonit - [5491]
euphotid - [5185] fergusonite-(Ce) beta - [1551]

751
fergusonit beta - [1550]
fergusonit-beta-(Nd) - [5492]
fericopiepit - [5499]
ferierit - [5500]
ferifayalit - [5501]
ferihydrit - [5503]
feri-anit - [5498]
ferimatrit - [5504]
ferimolybdit - [5505]
ferisicklerit - [5506]
ferisymplerit - [5507]
ferit - [5508]
feritungstit - [5509]
feriturquois - [5510]
fermorit - [5493]
fernandinit - [5494]
feroactinolit - [5511]
feroan dolomit - [5512]
feroaxinit - [5513]
ferobustamit - [5515]
ferocarpholit - [5516]
ferocolumbit - [5517]
ferocopiapit - [5518]
ferodolomit - [5520]
ferohexahydrit - [5522]
ferohortonolit - [5523]
feromagne - [5524]
feronickelplatin - [5525]
feroselit - [5526]
ferosilit - [5527]
ferospinel - [5528]
ferostrunzit - [5529]
ferotantalit - [5530]
ferotremolit - [5531]
ferotychit - [5532]
ferowylieit - [5533]
feroxyhyt - [5495]
ferrodiorit - [5519]
ferruginat - [5535]
fersilicit - [5537]
fersmanit - [5538]
fersmit - [5539]
ferucit - [5534]
ferutit - [5540]
fervanit - [5541]
Festiniog - [5542]
fiaconit - [5543]
fibrilit - [5544]
fibroferit - [5545]
filowit - [5567]
finandranit - [5577]
finemanit - [5594]
fisherit - [5605]
fisheserit - [5604]
fitzroyit - [5615]
fizelyit - [5620]
flagstafit - [5633]
Flandri - [5636]
flase gabro - [5641]
fleisherit - [5645]
fletcherit - [5647]
flinkit - [5652]
florencit - [5681]
fluckit - [5708]
fluelit - [5710]
fluoborit - [5716]
fluocerit - [5717]
fluorapatite - [5719]
fluorit - [2200],[5728],[5730]
fluorit mu xanh - [1747]
fluor-apatit carbonat - [2302]
fluor ha - [5725]
752
fluor (F) - [5726]
fluor spat - [5718]
fogit - [5752]
foid - [5753]
foid diorit - [5755]
foid gabro - [5756]
foid mozodiorit - [5757]
foid mozogabro - [5758]
foid mozosyenit - [5759]
foid syenit - [5760]
foidit - [5761]
foidolit - [5762]
Foley - [5769]
fondo - [5772]
forhugit - [5806]
formanit - [5811]
formarierit - [5841]
fornacit - [5814]
forsterit - [5815]
foshalassit - [5816]
fowlerit - [5844]
foyait - [5845]
francevilit - [5866]
franci (Fr) - [5867]
franckeit - [5868]
francoanelit - [5869]
francolit - [5870]
frankdicksonit - [5871]
franklinit - [5873]
fransoletit - [5874]
franzinit - [5875]
Frasni - [5876]
freboldit - [5877]
Fredericksburgi - [5878]
fredriksonit - [5879]
freibergit - [5891]
freieslebenit - [5892]
Fresni - [5906]
fresnoit - [5907]
freudenbergit - [5908]
fridrichit - [5916]
friedelit - [5917]
fritzscheit - [5920]
frohbergit - [5921]
frolovit - [5922]
frondelit - [5923]
front magnesi - [8878]
fukuchilit - [5947]
fulgurit - [5950]
fulminat thy ngn - [9240]
fulopit - [5952]
fumarol gc - [11852]
fusit - [5969]
fusoclara - [5970]
fusodura - [5971]
fusotela - [5972]
fusovitra - [5973]
gabrielsonit - [5983]
gabro - [5977]
gabroid - [5979]
gabroid sng mu - [8424]
gabroit sm mu - [9197]
gabronorit - [5980]
gabronorit olivin - [10316]
gabro hornblend - [7017]
gabro kim - [460]
gabro norit pyroxen-hornblend - [12106]
gabro (giu) st - [5521]
gabro thch anh - [12148]
gabrophyr - [5981]
gadoli (Gd) - [5985]
gadolinit - [5984]
gagarinit - [5986] garonit - [6026]
gageit - [5988] gaspeit - [6046]
gahnit - [5989] gatumbait - [6051]
gahnospinel - [5990] gaudefroyit - [6052]
gai - [4042] Gault - [6054]
gaidonayit - [5991] gaylusit - [6057]
gai ba ngnh (cs) - [681] gy sp ca mt on mi hm l (cctr) - [1982]
gai ba rng kp - [4171] gy v - [13000]
gai bn tia nhiu nhnh - [2201] gy v qu mc (so vi thit k) - [10579]
gai chc - [5964] gn - [13375]
gai chng - [4264] gn kt - [2507],[327],[328]
gai c mu mc kp - [4184] gn kt bng x - [15661]
gai dng cy - [3988] gn kt mnh - [2826]
gai dng chy - [7774] gn lin vi - [6857],[6858]
gai dng lin kt - [4066] gm mn - [3457]
gai dc knh - [2193] gp mn - [4883]
gai di da - [7251] gn l (cs) - [16304]
gai di khoang v - [7253] gn nh - [215]
gai u mc - [2845] gn gi huyt thng (cs) - [289]
gai a - [4295] gn l ming - [214]
gai a sao su tia - [4303] gn mt nc - [14739]
gai a su tia - [6869] gn ming - [248]
gai a thng - [2843] gn nht - [11968]
gai n tia c nhnh - [2882] gn tm - [11968]
gai hai mc - [4148] gn trng thnh - [14781]
gai hai nhnh - [4124] gu xc - [13728]
gai hai tia - [4121] gm mn - [3465]
gai khung xng mng li - [4180] gm mn magma - [8841]
gai khuu - [6092] gearksutit - [6060]
gai lin kt - [3131] gebhardit - [6061]
gai lin kt dng li - [4064] Gedin - [6062]
gai lng t - [2844] gedroitzit - [6063]
gai l - [90] geest - [6065]
gai mai - [2261] gefroyit - [6068]
gai m - [6089] gehlenit - [6069]
gai neo - [691] geikielit - [6070]
gai nhnh d thng (cs) - [774] genkinit - [6095]
gai na a - [6806] genthelvit - [6098]
gai gc - [6361] genthit - [6099]
gai rnh - [6551] gentnerit - [6100]
gai sao su tia - [6878] geochrone - [6115]
gai sao thc - [5164] geocronit - [6123]
gai silic su tia - [6865],[6867] geomorphy - [6183]
gai theo ng knh - [4137] georgiadesit - [6198]
gai tia khc dng - [6835] geotectoclin - [6210]
gai v - [6048] gerasimovskit - [6226]
gai xch o - [5080] gerhardtit - [6227]
gai xng - [14727],[91] gerit - [6064]
gaitit - [5992] germani (Ge) - [6229]
gaize - [5993] germanit - [6228]
galaxit - [5994] gerstleyit - [6230]
galeit - [5996] gerstmanit - [6231]
galenit (galen) - [5998] getchelit - [6232]
galen (galenit) - [5997] geversit - [6233]
galen thp - [14412] geyser - [6234]
galenobismutit - [5999] ghp i - [15013],[15015],[15017],[15018]
gali (Ga) - [6004] ghp mnh - [9734]
galit - [6003] ghp ni - [10602]
galkhait - [6000] ghp song tinh - [15939]
galon - [6005] ghnh - [2764],[3801]
galumbait - [6008] gia cng v m t thch hc - [15273]
gamagarit - [6009] gia c - [12479],[2506]
gamma - [6010] gia c bng nha ng (cctr) - [1091]
gamma carota - [16780] gia c t bng vi - [8475]
ganister - [6017] gia c t nn - [14348]
ganomalit - [6018] gia c nn t bng phng php in-thm - [4842]
ganophylit - [6019] gia cng - [12479]
gara - [6021] gia cng bng xi mng - [2501],[2506]
garavelit - [6022] gia ti trc - [11821]
garelsit - [6025] gia tc k - [99]
garnet - [6023] gia tc trng trng - [97]
garnierit - [6024] giai on - [14357]

753
giai on bng h - [6278] gi n nghing - [11988]
giai on chun b m cho khai thc - [4021] gi galen - [11983],[5382]
giai on cc thnh (cs) - [161] gi hnh - [11989],[11990],[5381]
giai on u ca a hnh - [15620] gi mo - [11972]
giai on a cht - [11185] gi ni la - [12008]
giai on kh thnh - [11558] gi phn lp - [12003]
giai on magma chnh - [10511],[10523] gi su phng - [11984]
giai on nht dch - [7219] gi tachylyt - [12005]
giai on nhng trn th hai - [4089] gi tng - [12003],[14536]
giai on nh tng - [4910] gi thit - [1102]
giai on pegmatit - [10991] gi thuyt - [7268]
giai on phun kh - [5956] gi tinh th - [11981]
giai on phun kh lu hunh - [14074] gi trng c - [5384]
giai on phylomorphic - [11246] gi trc thoi - [11992]
giai on thnh mun - [5035] gii thch nh xc nh cc ni dung ca nh - [7340]
giai on tr ca pht trin a hnh - [17075] gim - [3893],[4329]
giai on trng thnh - [9118] gim p - [8611]
giai on trng thnh ca a hnh - [15615] gim p mi dc - [3856]
giai an lm mt dung th magma ngui hon ton tr gim gi tr - [4329]
thnh cng - [14085] gim ti - [8610]
gianelait - [6241] gim thu - [380]
gian p sut thy lc - [7120] gim tim nng - [11766]
gian bng Mindel-Riss - [9501] gim trng lng - [8696]
gian tng - [7529],[7570],[7571] gim ng sut - [3858]
giao ct cu trc - [14695] gin bt tia X - [17006]
giao im - [10118] gin nhiu x tia X - [16999]
giao lu - [5239] gin Weissenberg - [16769]
giao nhau ca hai bn bnh nguyn - [9733] gin cch ca cc vt gn - [12768]
giao thoa bin cht - [9340] gin cch a tng - [14558],[14563]
giao thoa hai trc - [1571] gin cch ng - [16369]
giao tuyn gia hai mt phng - [8499] gin cch gin on - [4320]
gin khoan - [11463] gin cch khe nt trung bnh - [9142]
giu st - [5502] gin cch ngang - [14650]
gi c nh - [5619] gin cch theo phng - [14650]
gi a b (cadastre) m khong - [2053] gin di - [14636]
gi m khong - [4723] gin n - [4231]
gi thnh thm d mt n v tr lng - [16088] gin n v nng nn t do tc ng ca nc trong t b
gi th trng - [9055] ng bng - [5939]
gi ti a - [10566] giu cht dinh dng - [5211]
gi tr cng ph tuyt i ca cht n - [55] giy php khai thc - [5281]
gi tr cng ph tng i ca mt cht n - [12493] giy php tm kim thm d - [5286]
gi tr d (vl) - [12542] git li - [12596]
gi tr ng ng mc - [3368] gibsit - [6242]
gi tr kinh t m khong - [4723] giesenit - [6243]
gi tr ln nht - [9129] ging - [10366],[11365]
gi tr nh nht - [9545] ging actezi - [1740],[5705]
gi tr na chiu dy - [6682] ging artesi (ging t phun) - [1057]
gi tr nh ng cong - [10951] ging artezi khng t chy - [10138]
gi tr thi gian - [15540] ging b nh hng ca triu - [4697]
gi tr vch chia trn thang o my a vt l - [13225] ging chn - [1362]
gi tr lng (gi tr lng thm d ) - [11841] ging chm - [2070]
gic k hai vng - [15945] ging chm hi p - [11545]
gic k phn x - [12439],[12441] ging cung cp - [12338]
gin on - [1914],[4308],[6020] ging o - [4591]
gin on b mt - [10333] ging ng - [4557]
gin on a tng - [14540] ging gim p lc nc - [1713]
gin on nhit - [15385] ging gim p thy tnh - [12506]
gin on ranh gii Moho - [9604] ging hp th - [7600]
gin on va - [3742] ging karst - [13879]
gip - [2257] ging kt hp - [3127]
Gip mm in hnh (eumalacostraca) - [5183] ging kh - [6044]
gip v - [5943] ging khoan - [1810]
gi - [11972] ging khoan hon chnh - [5951]
gi m tiu - [1312] ging khng hon chnh - [10897]
gi ban tinh - [11993] ging lc nc - [5572]
gi b o san h vng - [1312] ging ln - [10368]
gi cu - [12001] ging m - [10368]
gi chnh hp - [10804],[11979],[4306],[4307] ging nng - [1809]
gi cui kt - [11998] ging nc - [16686],[16773]
gi dm kt - [11998] ging nc ngm - [16681]
gi nh - [1102] ging nc nng - [13609]
gi i xng - [12004] ging quan trc - [9648]

754
ging su - [3907] gneisoid - [6337]
ging thi - [4349] gneisos - [6338]
ging th nghim - [15317] gneis dng phn lp (gneis dng mch) - [16306]
ging thot nc ng - [16359] gneis granit - [6418]
ging thu nc - [3084] gneis hn hp - [9584]
ging tia - [12189] gneis mylonit - [9846]
ging tiu nc - [1713],[4513] gneis nguyn sinh - [11854]
ging t chy - [5706] gneis thm thu - [11109]
ging t nhin - [9948] goblinsit - [6341]
ging t phun - [1740],[5705] godlevskit - [6342]
gilalit - [6245] goedkenit - [6343]
gilespit - [6249] goetit - [6344],[6378]
giniit - [6250] goldamalgam (hn hng vng) - [6352]
ginorit - [6251] goldchcmidtit - [6358]
ginzburgit - [6252] goldfieldit - [6354]
giobertit - [6253] goldichit - [6355]
gi c - [10738] goldmanit - [6356]
gi ma - [9673] goldschmidtin - [6357]
gi ni - [7898] gom gp - [3077]
gi tch - [16883] gonardit - [6366]
ging - [6101] Goniatitida - [6364]
ging c quan - [10456] gorcixit - [6371]
ging ng thau - [1899] gordonit - [6372]
ging hnh thi - [5808] gorgeyit - [6374]
ging mui - [13096] gormanit - [6375]
ging x phng - [14010] gortdrumit - [6376]
gii - [5095] goslarit - [6377]
gii hn - [15252],[15983],[1852],[8480] gossan - [7640]
gii hn Atterberg (cctr) - [1158] Gothlandi - [6379]
gii hn bm dnh - [14461] Gotlandi - [6380]
gii hn chy ca t - [5693] gotzenit - [6381]
gii hn co ngt - [13683],[13732] gouge - [6382]
gii hn do (ca t) - [11445] gowerit - [6383]
gii hn n hi - [4819] goyazit - [6384]
gii hn a tng - [14547] goz - [6385]
gii hn hp th - [65] g - [11327],[11328],[6697],[6913],[8007],[81],[8329],
gii hn kinh t - [4729] [8705]
gii hn lng - [8525] g m tiu - [12424]
gii hn mt ct - [3744] g bng - [7308]
gii hn na thm - [13514] g bng - [7851],[7853]
gii hn st - [3299] g bng phng - [7848],[7850]
gii hn tin cy - [3259] g ct - [4600]
giraudit - [6254] g - [12729],[13234]
girdit - [6255] g khp kn - [2942]
gismondin - [6258] g lng cho - [7849]
GiS hin th s liu di dng nh bit - [12297] g mch n - [14326]
gitinsit - [6259] g ni la (chm ni la) - [16471]
giun t vng (Annelida) (cs) - [763] g st - [2027]
giusepetit - [6260] g tch bit nhau - [1819]
gia - [9477] gc - [710],[7373]
gia cc h - [7539] gc bn l - [2330]
gia cc sng sui - [7572] gc cnh - [733]
gia cc tng - [7570],[7571] gc cm - [712]
gia tng - [7529] gc cm thc - [15840]
gladit - [6287] gc chi - [11515]
glauberit - [6294] gc dc - [712]
glaucochroit - [6295] gc dc ti hn - [3573]
glaucodot - [6296] gc dc ti hn (cctr) - [728]
glaucokerinit - [6297] gc nh - [16012]
glauconit - [6299] gc gy - [7981]
glauconitic - [6300] gc gy trt (cctr) - [723]
glaucophan - [6302] gc gp - [7981]
glaucopyrit - [6305] gc gia cc mt - [7526]
glaukosphaerit - [6306] gc gia hai ng cho trc trong mt phng - [711]
Glenarm - [6307] gc khng chnh hp - [729]
glendonit - [6308] gc khc x - [12447]
glinit - [6311] gc lch t - [8882]
glomerocryt - [6324] gc ma st - [5910]
glucin - [6326] gc ma st biu kin (cctr) - [887]
glushinskit - [6327] gc ma st gia t v tng chn - [16562]
gmelinit - [6328] gc ma st gia t v tng chn (cctr) - [730]
gneis - [6334] gc ma st (cctr) - [713]

755
gc m - [6088] g tay (cs) - [1878]
gc mi dc (cctr) - [724] g t im - [3479]
gc nghing - [7372] g tuyt do gi vun - [16887]
gc nghing (cctr) - [714],[716] g ta - [5949]
gc ngh - [719] g vch - [13238],[3479]
gc ngh (cctr) - [720] g xon - [7908]
gc ni ma st ca t - [5910] g xon trong - [5960]
gc ni ma st (cctr) - [715] gn sng - [12756],[16954]
gc ni ma st thc ca t nn hoc (cctr) - [727] gn sng ct do gi trn b mt ct - [16889]
gc n nh ti hn - [728] gradient - [6396]
gc phn x - [12440],[718] gradient nng lng - [4963]
gc phn x ton phn - [726] gradient nhit - [15386]
gc phn cc ton phn - [725] gradient nhit - [15234]
gc phng v - [1241],[1459] gradient sui - [14588]
gc quang - [10388] gradient sng - [14588]
gc quang biu kin - [888] gradient th nng - [11769]
gc quang hc - [1222] gradient thy lc - [7114],[11769]
gc quang trc - [10392] gradient thy lc u ra - [5248]
gc quay ring - [14189] gradient ti hn - [3568]
gc tt - [5316] gradient trng lc - [6496]
gc thng ng - [16353] graemit - [6400]
gc thng ng gia b mt nm ngang v trc thn qung graftonit - [6401]
- [11516] grain - [6403]
gc trc quang - [4987] gramaldit - [6412]
gc t thin - [8882] granat - [6023]
gc vch ngn - [13532] granat Bohemian - [1779]
gc xm nhp (cctr) - [717] granat bng tuyt - [14003]
gc xoay (cctr) - [721] granat mu - [2324]
gc xuyn - [717] granat quay - [12881],[12938],[14260]
g - [2028] granat qu - [11806]
gm thnh v y h o - [5234] granat trang sc - [11806]
gc - [12900] granat trng - [16824]
gc chng ct (cctr) - [722] granat vesuvian - [16386]
gc ta - [10471] granat xon - [14003],[14261]
gi mui - [13085] Grand canyon - [6414]
gi ta - [11922] grandidierit - [6415]
gi ta u cu c chn - [74] granid - [6416]
g agat ha - [302] granit - [6417]
g - [12865] granite kiu M - [9788]
g ha - [13813] granitization (granit ha) - [6426]
g silic ha - [13813],[302] granitoid giu thch anh - [12161]
g - [11482],[12674],[12684],[12726],[12776],[2344], granit c plagioclas bas - [2110]
[2345],[2434],[3479],[439],[928] granit ng lc - [4646]
g bi hnh thnh do bo - [14503] granit feldspar kim - [457]
g b bin - [1447] granit hai mica - [15842]
g ct - [13152] granit ha - [15683],[6427]
g choma - [2722] granit kali - [10508]
g chy - [12780] granit kt tinh t magma - [8836]
g cn ct - [4603] granit kiu A - [1163]
g dch dc - [17126] granit kiu I - [7728]
g ngm ngoi bin - [12411] granit kiu S - [14729]
g nh (cs) - [1453] granit porphyr - [6420]
g gia c - [9851] granit vn ch - [6457]
g gn - [12766] granodiorit - [6431]
g khe nt - [3547] granogabro - [6432]
g ky - [7908] granophyr - [6433]
g mai - [2258] granophyre - [6434]
g mo - [2345],[3086],[7908] granosyenit - [6435]
g mui - [13087] grantsit - [6436]
g nng - [12776] granulit - [6445],[6447]
g nhnh - [3480] granulit ha - [6448]
g nhn nheo - [16953] Granville - [6454]
g nh - [3482] graphit - [11496],[6460],[6461]
g ni - [12674] graphitit - [6462]
g nc di t - [6600] graphitoid - [6464]
g ph - [3480] graphit ha - [6463]
g que (cs) - [1272] graphit v nh hnh - [636]
g rim - [14480] graphocit - [6465]
g sng - [16953] gratonit - [6469]
g sng - [7908] grauvac arkos - [1012]
g sn - [5049] grauwack - [6470]
g tai bo - [3539] gravitit ( trng lc) - [6487]

756
grayit - [6507] halit - [6685]
graywack - [6508],[6531] halmeic - [6688]
graywack giu feldspar - [6906] halolit - [6690]
greenalit - [6516] halotrichit - [578],[6691],[7633]
greenlandit - [6519] haloysit - [6687]
greenockit - [2056],[2057],[6520] halurgit - [6692]
gregoryit - [6526] Hamada - [6694]
greigit - [6527] hamarit - [6695]
greisen - [6528] hambergit - [6693]
greisen ha - [6529] hampshirit - [6698]
grenatit - [6530] hanayit - [6706]
Griesbachi - [6537] hancockit - [6699]
grifithit - [6541] hang - [2455],[2474]
grimaldit - [6542] hang bng - [7290]
grimselit - [6543] hang bin - [13350]
griphit - [6545] hang b cn - [10236]
grischunit - [6546] hang chnh - [9097]
groove - [6549] hang c cc nh hnh cu - [2460]
grosular - [2132] hang dng mng mch - [10031]
grovesit - [6611] hang dung nham - [8304]
grunerit - [6620] hang ng - [2476]
grunlingit - [6621] hang ng cht - [3860]
grutit - [6610] hang ng c sinh vt - [8585]
gruzderit - [6622] hang ng khng hot ng - [3860]
Guadalup - [6623] hang ng lin thng - [1894]
guanajuatit - [6624] hang ng mt lp - [1477]
guanglinit - [6625] hang ng sng - [1917]
guanin - [6626] hang ng th - [1917]
guano - [6627] hang c hnh thnh do s ri bt ng ca mi dc -
gudmundit - [6628] [15084]
guerinit - [6629] hang gi - [1742]
guetardit - [6631] hang hnh cu - [2456]
guildit - [6632] hang ha tan - [14097]
guileminit - [6634] hang lng cho - [7933]
guilielmit - [6633] hang ngch thng - [14287]
Gulfi - [6636] hang ngoi trong bng - [15406]
gungarit - [6369] hang nc chy ra - [10562]
guningit - [6640] hang bin - [9030]
Gunz - [6641] hang bin hp v su - [13351]
gurhofit - [6642] hang trong cc sng bng (hang tan mn) - [22]
guseereckit - [6370] hang rng - [11924]
gustavit - [6644] hang rt nc - [1209]
gutsevichit - [6645] hang sng bng - [6270]
guyanait - [6647] hang sng - [2458]
gng l - [1311],[15899] hang thng ngoi - [2452]
gng l c qung - [10432] hang th - [2458]
gng nc ngm - [16677] hang trn - [2456]
gyparenit - [6650] hanksit - [6705]
gyrolit - [6658] hanusit - [6707]
Hadryni - [6664] hao tn - [8695]
haezlewodit - [6665] hapalait - [6660]
hafni (Hf) - [6667] haradait - [6711]
hafnon - [6668] hardystonit - [6721]
hagendorfit - [6669] harisit - [6725]
hagit - [6670] harkerit - [6722]
hai knh thng - [4266] harmotom - [6724]
hai l phi - [4263] harstigit - [6726]
hai l - [4273] hartit - [6727]
hai mnh - [1675] harzburgit - [6728]
hai mnh c c u - [7703] hastingsit - [6730]
hai mnh c hai c khp - [4245] hastit - [6731]
Hai mnh n c - [9661] hatchit - [6732]
Hai mnh khng u c - [755] hatrurit - [6733]
hai nhnh - [4262] hauchecornit - [6734]
hai nn p - [4265] hausmanit - [6735]
hai rnh - [4176] Hauterivi - [6736]
hai rnh-l - [4177] hawaiit - [6738]
hai trc - [1569] haxonit - [6739]
haiweit - [6676] haycockit - [6740]
hakit - [6677] h hc - [11744]
haldingerit - [6678] hi ha - [6723]
halimondit - [6686] hm nh hng m t st ln b mt - [7451]

757
hm biu din mt ct vng st ln - [11901] hng s cn bng nhit ng hc - [15397]
Hm c (Palaeognathae) (lin b) - [10701] hng s n hi - [4816]
hm lng - [3327] hng s n hi Young - [17074]
hm lng bin - [3733] hng s gc - [734]
hm lng cng nghip ti thiu - [3733] hng s hp dn - [6482]
hm lng cng nghip ti thiu ca qung - [9542] hng s ion ha - [7616]
hm lng m cn bng - [5083] hng s Lame - [8170]
hm lng kim loi - [9306] hng s phn r - [12198]
hm lng nn - [1258] hng s phng x - [12198]
hm lng ngt - [3733] hm - [15899],[15900]
hm lng ngng ca cc nguyn t ha hc - [15456] hm cha - [2005]
hm lng nc - [4776] hm thot nc - [6001]
hm lng nc trong t - [16616] hu - [11184]
hm lng nc t nhin - [9947] hp ph - [254]
hm lng ti a cho php - [9125] hp ph bng than hot tnh - [2277]
hm lng tro - [1077] hp th - [10240],[62]
hm lng trung bnh - [1214] hp th nc l - [5664]
hm lng vi - [8472] hp th quang ph - [14198]
hm mi - [9997] hu k tip - [14793]
hng - [12278] hu kin to - [11741]
hng ngn nm trc y - [7831] hu magma - [11736]
hng ro th nng - [11765] Hu mn ngoi (Ectoprocta) - [4756]
hng triu nm v trc - [8772] Hu mn trong (Entoprocta) - [4982]
hnh lang ha tan - [14101] hu to ni - [11738]
hnh lang karst - [7880] heazlewodit - [6769]
hnh lang thm lc - [7443] hectorit - [6770]
hnh lang thu nc - [6002] hedenbergit - [6771]
hnh vi - [6555],[6568] hedleugit - [6772]
hnh vi cu thnh - [3315] hedyphan - [6774]
hnh vi ng sut-bin dng - [14630] Heers - [6775]
ho - [15738],[2191],[5818],[6646] heideit - [6776]
ho dng vng - [9590] heidornit - [6777]
ho ngn cch - [3734] heinrichit - [6781]
ho st - [13976] helandit - [6792]
hi dng hc - [10257] Helderbergi - [6782]
hi quan - [3729] helen - [6783]
Hi sm (Holothuroidea) - [6968] heli (He) - [6791]
h ln kin to - [14699] Helik - [6787]
h lu - [4484] Heliolitidae - [6788]
h mc nc nhanh - [14828] heliophylit - [6789]
h mc nc ngm - [4104],[6590] helmutwinklerit - [6795]
h thp - [3893],[3928],[4523] Helvet - [6796]
h thp lng ma - [5370] helvit - [6797]
h thp mc nc bin - [12404] helyerit - [6793]
hng - [2822] hemafibrit - [6798]
hnh nhn dng ng - [11348] hematit - [12382],[6799]
ht - [6403] hematit cha st - [982]
ht n - [3634] hematit - [12380]
ht bin tinh - [6430] hematit g - [16936]
ht borac - [1804] hematit mu nu - [1961]
ht - [10900] hematolit - [6800]
ht t - [10900] hematophanit - [6801]
ht u - [11359] hemihedrit - [6807]
ht u) ni la - [16495] hemimorphit - [6808]
ht c bc - [2985] Hemingfordi - [6809]
ht ghp - [3184] Hemphili - [6815]
ht ln - [2964] hemusit - [6816]
ht mn - [2934],[5580] hendersonit - [6817]
ht nn - [6410] hendricksit - [6818]
ht nh - [2934],[5581],[6443] henryit - [6820]
ht phn hoa - [11630],[6406] hercynid - [6825]
ht to cu - [3005] hercynit - [6826]
ht to cu a - [4305] herderit - [6827]
ht to cu kt tinh - [3665] heritermiesit - [6819]
ht tha hnh - [499] herschelit - [6831]
ht th - [2964],[2969],[6402] herzenbergit - [6832]
ht trn - [6649] hesit - [6833]
ht trung bnh - [9177] hetaerolit - [6834]
ht t hnh - [7314] heterogenit - [6845]
ht vn ti trm tch - [12362] heteromorphit - [6848]
hng s - [9598] Heteropoda - [6851]
hng s bo qun knh dn - [2618] heterosit - [6853]

758
Hettang - [6862] h s acid - [157]
heulandit - [6863] h s acid ha - [3018]
hewetit - [6864] h s an ton - [13033],[5352]
hexahydrit - [6876] h s an ton Londe - [8653]
hexahydroborit - [6877] h s p lc t - [3024],[4674]
hexatestibiopanickelit - [6879] h s p lc t trng thi ngh - [3014]
heyit - [6885] h s bin dng - [3924]
heyrovskit - [6886] h s bin thin - [3033]
hm - [2214] h s chu ti California - [2157]
hm bng h - [6269],[6270] h s c kt - [3021]
hm bn sn - [13747] h s d hng - [3019]
hm di bin - [14768] h s dng chy - [12994]
hm ni - [1343],[2211],[2214] h s n hi ng - [4644]
hm ni - [6950],[7950],[7956],[7966],[7997] h s ng nht - [16080]
hm ni hnh hp - [1871] h s ng nht (Cu) - [3032]
hm sng bng - [6269] h s dc - [11050]
hm vc - [15738],[2211],[2214] h s nhm - [7796]
hm ni - [6373] h s gin n - [3026]
hp - [3488] h s gin n nhit - [3031]
hp do nc bng tan - [16245] h s hp th - [3017],[61],[64]
hp dc b sng - [8728] h s hp th quang ph - [14197]
h - [15030] h s ho - [16872]
h ba cu t - [15287] h s hiu dng - [3025]
h ba nghing - [15768] h s hnh dng - [13613]
h ba phng - [15779] h s hot ha - [204]
h bn phng - [15335] h s ht m - [7235]
h chiu ca bn - [9006] h s khc x ring - [14188]
h chiu phi cnh - [11122] h s lu lng - [4298]
h chiu phi cnh theo phng v - [10509] h s ma st - [3028]
h chuyn gia - [5278] h s mi mn - [12403]
h CIPW - [12130] h s mn - [3027]
h c thc vt - [10692] h s nn - [3035],[3206]
h dike - [4226] h s nn ln - [3020]
h in cc - [4843] h s nhm - [12958]
h ng vt - [5429] h s nht - [3034]
h ng vt n - [3633] h s nht ng hc - [3029]
h ng vt bm y - [5041] h s nht ng lc hc - [3023]
h ng vt ci - [4625] h s n nh (Taylor) - [14345]
h ng vt ln - [8795],[9184] h s n nh (Terzaghi) - [14343]
h ng vt mt y - [5041] h s phn x ph - [14204]
h ng vt nh - [5435] h s phn b - [4376]
h ng vt vng nh - [5434] h s phn i ng - [16375]
h n cu t - [16022] h s phn tn biu sinh - [7241]
h n nghing - [9655] h s Poison - [11591]
h n v o lng ft-pao-giy - [5846] h s qu c kt - [10585]
h ng cong - [13558] h s rng - [375]
h gn - [16320] h s silica - [13790]
h gn bn tay - [10760] h s s dng - [3036]
h gn lng chim - [11343] h s tp trung - [3226]
h gin thp gia ti - [8612] h s thm - [11105],[3030],[8913]
h khe nt - [4319],[4321],[7798] h s thm lc - [7442]
h khe nt ct th sinh - [13415] h s thm xuyn - [8360]
h lp phng - [7696] h s thi gian trong bi ton c kt t nn - [15529]
h mng sng - [4512] h s thu hi c gi tr kinh t ln nht - [9124]
h mt thoi - [12655] h s thu hi qung - [5319]
h Mt Tri - [14069] h s tch tr - [14498]
h mt nghing - [9655] h s tnh ton trong chuyn trng th ca a vt l -
h ni - [9774] [13221]
h phn loi t AASHO - [3] h s tng quan - [3461]
h phn loi t ca Cc Nng nghip M - [16193] h s tng quan phi tuyn tnh - [3016]
h phn loi t thng nht - [16077] h s tng quan tuyn tnh - [3015]
h phn loi a c - [6174] h s xm tn - [3022]
h phn loi a c Laubscher - [8286] h tng - [5813]
h phn loi a ng lc ca Bieniawski (cctr) - [1578] h tng dp v - [1952]
h phn loi RMR - [6174] h tng (a tng bn ) - [486]
h Q - [12123] h tng lin kt - [5812]
h sinh c bn - [11145] h thit b - [1023]
h sinh d (st li) - [11146] h thit b lng cc-lng cc - [4271]
h sinh thi - [4740] h thit b lng cc-lng cc (lng cc kp) - [1638]
h sinh vt th nhng - [4761] h thoi - [10518]
h sng ngi - [4512] h thng tin a l - [6257]
h s - [12299],[3013],[4822],[5350],[9598] h thng - [15030]

759
h thng ABC - [14] Hip hi quc t a cht cng trnh - [7276]
h thng cha dn nc - [915] Hip hi quc t a cht cng trnh v mi trng - [7277]
h thng cha nc - [911] Hip hi quc t a ha v ha hc v tr - [7278]
h thng dike - [4226] Hip hi Th nghim v Vt liu M ti Philadenphia -
h thng m c - [3241] [1113]
h thng nh (cs) - [867] hiu chnh - [2154],[3458],[6053]
h thng gia cng vm trn (hm l) - [3600] hiu chnh Bughe - [1795]
h thng hang ng - [2472] hiu chnh Bughe kp - [4476]
h thng ht nc - [7464] hiu chnh ng tnh - [7712]
h thng knh - [2192] hiu chnh im 0 (thm d trng lc) - [17121]
h thng khai thc qung bng ng gong - [8604] hiu chnh im 0 (trong my o trng lc) - [17117]
h thng khe nt - [5854],[7801] hiu chnh a hnh - [15297]
h thng kn - [2943] hiu chnh ng - [10172]
h thng monitoring mi trng ton cu - [6316] hiu chnh i vn tc thp - [16729]
h thng m - [10367] hiu chnh Etvs - [5023]
h thng nc - [16676] hiu chnh gama - [6011]
h thng nc c p - [1054] hiu chnh lp tc nh - [8717]
h thng rift th gii - [16949] hiu chnh my o trng lc bng phng php nghing -
h thng sng - [12804] [15522]
h thng sng chia ct - [4340] hiu chnh thi gian php tuyn - [10172]
h thng thot nc - [4512],[5243] hiu chnh thy triu - [15481]
h thng thu hi qung t chy - [6491] hiu chnh thy triu vo cc gi tr lc hp dn - [15489]
H thng tiu chun - [10160] hiu chnh v - [8278]
h thng tiu nc - [4501] hiu qu - [4774],[4793]
h thng triu qun - [646] hiu qu kinh t - [3135]
h thng v tinh nhn to chp nh Tri t - [8204] hiu qu kinh t ca cng tc thm d a cht - [4725]
h thi ng vt - [2742] hiu qu kinh t thm d - [4725]
h thc vt - [5678] hiu s ng i hay chm - [12584]
h thc vt vng nh - [5683] hiu sut - [4793]
h ta - [3398] hiu sut kh p - [1341]
h ta elip - [4867] hiu ng - [4774]
h ta trn - [3719] hiu ng p in - [11305]
h ta vung gc - [12355] hiu ng Becnuli - [1530]
h Trias - [15756] hiu ng y ni (cctr) - [2008]
h trc thoi - [12649] hiu ng Kaiser - [7837]
h tthung lng - [16244] hiu ng lng knh) - [6517]
h vi ng vt - [9436] hiu ng ma st u mu - [4921]
hibonit - [6888] hiu ng nh knh (hiu ng nh xanh - [6517]
hidalgoit - [6889] hiu ng ni sinh - [4937]
hidenit - [6891] hiu ng Raman - [12251]
hieratit - [6892] hiu ng sut - [14618]
hin tinh - [11174],[11192],[5173],[5199] hiu ng t gio - [8897]
Hin i - [12332] hiu ng vm - [2252]
hin ti lun - [207] hilairit - [6911]
hin trng - [13903] hilebrandit - [6915]
hin trng th nghim - [15316] hilgardit - [6912]
hin tng bin tin - [9047] hinganit (Yb) - [6923]
hin tng bnh lu - [259] hinsdalit - [6924]
hin tng c hai knh - [4270] hintzeit - [6925]
hin tng cng cht khc hnh - [501] hiortdanlit - [6926]
hin tng cng tinh - [5206] hisingerit - [6928]
hin tng d hnh - [493] hislopit - [6929]
hin tng a hnh - [11667] hnh - [7339]
hin tng y ni - [2008] hnh nh - [7339]
hin tng a t - [6168] hnh nh nhn c bng cch tr hai hnh nh cho nhau -
hin tng ot dng (sng) - [2253] [4196]
hin tng ng dng - [6991] hnh ba mt - [15785]
hin tng ng hnh - [6979],[6981],[7698] hnh bn din - [14760]
hin tng gin n - [4228] hnh bn mt ba - [15809]
hin tng hc - [11193] hnh bn mt ba ng gic - [15320]
hin tng hi sinh - [3133] hnh bn mt ba tam gic - [15750],[15783]
hin tng khng l ha - [6244] hnh bn mt ba t gic - [15339]
hin tng lng hnh - [4241] hnh bn mt bn phng - [15328]
hin tng nt t - [6560] hnh bn mt hay t din - [15344]
hin tng nt n hnh tr - [11889] hnh bn mt su tam gic - [6884]
hin tng trt t - [4678],[8205],[8227],[8228] hnh chiu - [11917]
hin tng t gio - [8897] hnh chiu AFM - [294]
hip hi - [1100] hnh chiu ca mt ng thng (trong php chiu cu lp
Hip hi C hc quc t - [7561] th) - [11919]
Hip hi quc t cc khoa hc a cht - [7562],[7729] hnh chp - [15816]
Hip hi quc t cc khoa hc thy vn - [7280],[7558] hnh ch V hoc lch c to thnh trong vi - [2072]
Hip hi quc t cc nh a cht thy vn - [7279],[7557] hnh ct - [11889]

760
hnh dng - [14727],[3260],[4511],[5807] hoang mc ma - [12245]
hnh dng cu trc - [14691] hoang mc nhit i - [15829]
hnh dng a hnh - [12504],[15618] ho tan gn sng - [14112]
hnh dng fondo - [5773] hong th - [8629],[8637]
hnh dng mt t - [8202] hong th giu vi - [5098]
hnh dng tinh th - [3646] ho thch du vt - [7305]
hnh i mt bc ba - [15429] ho thch rng giun - [13313]
hnh i mt bc 4 - [5842] hot ng bin cht - [9355]
hnh i mt bc hai - [13421] hot ng bin cht a k - [4119]
hnh i mt bn - [13748] hot ng ca sng - [5739]
hnh i mt nghing - [2918] hot ng magma - [8855]
hnh n c bit - [13872] hot ng ni la - [16492],[16507],[16508]
hnh n v - [16092] hot ng vi chn - [9465]
hnh hai mt - [14239] hot ha - [188]
hnh hay khi 4 mt 6 tam gic - [6880] hot ha phng x - [191]
hnh khi kiu pyrit - [12069] hot tnh - [188]
hnh khi pyrit - [12070] hot tnh (ha) - [203]
hnh kim - [146] hot tnh phng x - [12209]
hnh lng tr bc 1 - [5603] hot tnh tuyt i - [46]
hnh lng tr bc 4 - [5843] hoc c trc din hnh sng ni - [13568]
hnh li lim - [5368] hoc khi nghing tri ln - [16118]
hnh li lim trn y bin di t 1m n >100m - [14767] hoc vng cao nguyn - [555]
hnh mt than - [15722] hocartit - [6934]
hnh mt thang ba phng - [15781] hodgkinsonit - [6935]
hnh mt thang bn phng - [15337] hodrushit - [6936]
hnh mt thang su phng - [6872] hoelit - [6938]
hnh mt thoi - [12656] hoernesit - [6939]
hnh mt thoi hay khi hnh thoi - [12643] hoernesit mangan - [8962]
hnh mi mc - [8192] hofmanit - [6940]
hnh mi hai mt u n hay hnh mi hai mt ng gic hogbomit - [6943]
- [12473] hohmanit - [6945]
hnh mi hai mt lp phng - [3673] holandit - [6948]
hnh mi hai mt thoi - [12647] holdenit - [6946]
hnh nn - [3245] holingworthit - [6949]
hnh qu m - [2461] holmi (Ho) - [6952]
hnh sao - [14418] holmquistit - [6953]
hnh su mt - [6875] Holocen - [12332]
hnh su mt bn - [15345],[15347] Holocen (th, thng) - [6955]
hnh su mt kp - [4221] holostratotyp - [6964]
hnh tam gic lch - [13223] holostrom - [6965]
hnh tm mt ba tam gic - [15749],[15782] holosymetric - [6966]
hnh tm mt ba t gic - [15338] holosystematic - [6967]
hnh tm mt kp - [4250] Holstein - [6971]
hnh tm mt lp phng - [3674] holtedahlit - [6972]
hnh tm mt su tam gic - [6881] holtit - [6973]
hnh thnh do bin - [9028] homilit - [6982]
hnh thnh ming ni la - [3528] honesit - [6994]
hnh thnh t trc - [790] hong kh - [363]
hnh thi hc (m) - [9722] hongquiit - [6996]
hnh thi hc gii thch v mt khu vc - [9717] hongshiit - [6997]
hnh thi hc m t - [9718] hopeit - [7002]
hnh thi hc sng - [12797] hornblend - [7015]
hnh thi hc theo chc nng - [5958] hornblend natri - [14020]
hnh thi karst nhit - [15410] hornblend nu - [1962]
hnh thi thch hc - [11162] hornblendit - [7022]
hnh thi thm lc a - [10747] hornblendit olivin - [10318]
hnh thp - [12057],[15926] hornblendit pyroxen - [12107]
hnh th - [3260] hornblendit pyroxen olivin - [10321]
hnh t phn din - [15319] hornesit - [7023]
hnh vm - [4442] hornston - [7026]
hjelmit - [6932] horsfordit - [7031]
hoa ct - [4053] hortonolit - [7032]
hoa hng - [12908] hoshiit - [7033]
hoa mui - [13078] hot pot - [7036]
hoang mc - [4047] howieit - [7038]
hoang mc ct - [13159] howiit - [7039]
hoang mc cc - [11595] ha tan - [14092],[3883],[4358]
hoang mc do a hnh - [15610] ha tan magma - [8844]
hoang mc - [14494] ha tan ngm - [14806]
hoang mc ha (sa mc ha) - [4056] ha cng - [14079]
hoang mc kiu b ty - [16797] ha du - [11136]
hoang mc mui - [13075] ha (cs) - [9511]

761
ha hc quang ph - [14206] h ln - [8922]
ha lng - [8521] h ming ni la - [2148],[3525]
ha ri - [8684] h mng nga - [10626],[10627],[1303],[7029]
ha thch - [5819] h mui kh - [8938]
ha thch cc nh - [9882] h ma - [11542]
ha thch dng to - [5944] h nghch n - [7901]
ha thch du vt - [15665] h nhit i - [15830]
ha thch nh tng - [15956],[7389],[7940] h nh - [8157]
ha thch ha - [5834] h nha asphalt - [8161]
ha thch hu bin - [4918] h nc hn hp - [6962]
ha thch ln - [8797],[9186] h nc mn - [13079],[1933]
ha thch tng - [5347] h nc mn hi ng - [1668]
ha thy tinh - [16442] h reo - [8154]
ha quyn - [12101],[8858] h rift - [12696]
ha sinh - [12081] h rimstone - [12732]
hm - [10059],[13889],[5817] h st - [12499]
hm mt - [10271] h sng bng - [6274]
hm nh - [5836] h tm thi - [11474],[11475],[15243],[5026]
h - [5388] h to bi p dung nham - [8306]
ha - [2378],[4519] h than bn - [8160]
ha hc - [2380] h thc nc - [16625]
hng - [11184] h thiu dinh dng - [4654]
hng ni la - [15839],[16476],[3243],[9963] h thong - [4508]
h - [13696],[13883],[16635] h thi mn - [3916]
h - [7887],[8107],[8144],[8145],[8150],[8601] h thun hng - [3295]
hi sinh - [12483],[12578] h thung lng rift - [12701]
hng ni nhit - [15378],[15387] h tiu nc - [4508]
hng tch - [4235],[4237] h tr - [17070]
h n - [2941] h trn lnh di nng - [7901]
h bn nguyt - [3543],[8681] h tri - [4535]
h bng - [6284],[7298],[8156] h trng - [10772]
h bng h - [6274] h trng kiu lng cho - [2443]
h bng h chim ch ca tunnel valley - [15903] h trc ni - [11291]
h bng tch - [7302] h trt t - [8214]
h bng tri chn - [4531] h t nhin - [8438]
h bc thm - [15292] h vch ng - [6313]
h borac - [1805] h ven b - [13385],[2982]
h bn trng trong - [12825] H Vt - [4585]
h chn - [1358] h vng cc - [11596]
h chn bng tri - [4531] h - [11365],[2455],[5817],[6947],[7933]
h chu th - [3956] hc - [10059],[2479],[4568],[5817],[595]
h cht - [3863],[4574] hc cnh (cs) - [401]
h cha nc - [12539],[14501] hc (cs) - [592]
h c g - [16560] hc chnh - [2333]
h c nc quanh nm - [11062] hc dy chng - [8459]
h c - [10300] hc do sng v - [10192]
h di vng - [2797] hc i - [3491]
h dng chui - [1450] hc nh - [5836]
h dng thang bng truyn - [10925] hc rng - [4006]
h do ha tan - [14106] hc siphon - [13894]
h do mch nc ngm cung cp - [14323],[14324] hc sng v mn - [16699]
h do sng to nn - [5738] hc tinh th - [6124]
h dung nham - [8313],[8385] h ct - [13141]
h m ly - [1771],[8158] h o kho st - [6474]
h t mi - [10051] h o l thin - [10362],[10366]
h bi tch - [510] h o) dng elip - [4868]
h - [12383] h o th nghim - [15314]
h n ct - [4602] h o th t mn (cctr) - [1828]
h gm tht - [8154] h o trong ct - [13148]
h gin on - [7545] h i dng - [10248]
h hang ng - [2467] h mch n - [14328]
h hc - [8487] h nh - [5836]
h h - [10363] h nc mch - [14329]
h kali - [11750] h nc t nhin - [16635]
h karst nhit - [15408] h phun lnh - [3063]
h khe rnh - [6550] h su i dng - [6663]
h kh - [4574] h st - [13879],[14942],[3075],[3499]
h khng c dng chy thot - [1717],[4915],[4940] h st ha tan - [14113]
h kh theo ma - [7545] h to - [437]
h kim - [461] h thot nc - [16754]
h kin to - [14696],[15171] h thi tit - [16727]
h lng cho - [11377],[7934] h trn chu ng sut dc trc - [2785]

762
h trn ha tan - [14108] humulit - [7079]
h trng - [11773],[13878] humulith - [7080]
h trng khp kn - [2937] Humult - [7081]
h hp ph cc tm - [15997] hungarit - [7085]
h phch - [604] hungchaoit - [7086]
hn n khng c qui lut - [2626] huntit - [7088]
hn hng bc - [13839] hureaulit - [7090]
hn hng paladi - [10751] hurlbutit - [7091]
hn hng vng - [6346] Huron - [7092]
hn hp - [1101] hutchinsonit - [7098]
hn hp ng hnh - [7700] hutonit - [7099]
hn hp thuc n nitrat amonium vi du t - [632] huyn ni la - [16505]
hn hp v manti - [8998] hunh quang nhit - [15411]
hn kt (cs) - [599] hng hong - [12328],[12366]
hn lon - [2626] ht - [14826]
hn nhim - [3324] ht bng bm - [1281]
hi - [1100] ht chm - [14748]
Hi ng khoa hc a cht v qui hoch mi trng ca ht chm cho - [10222]
Hip hi a cht quc t - [3052] ht chm - [10214]
Hi ngh a cht Quc t - [7318],[7559] ht nc - [16809]
Hi ngh Lin hip quc v mi trng v pht trin - ht nc di t - [10288]
[16089] ht nc lm gim mc nc ngm - [6590]
Hi ngh thng nh Tri t - [4676] hng trnh cn bng vi phn - [4200]
hi sinh - [3132] hng cm - [4260]
hi t - [3383],[3384] hng cm khe nt - [7791]
hp ct t - [13622] hng chnh ca dng chy - [8910]
hp cha li - [3445] hng chu ti - [1459]
hp ng mu - [13104] hng cun v - [3060]
hp ni cp - [2042] hng dn a tng - [14550]
hi - [16487] hng dc khp u nhau - [115]
hi nc - [12577] hng i ln v song song vi chiu dc ca cu to hoc
hi gian ch i - [3940] b mt - [16116]
hp bc - [14900] hng gin on - [4316]
hp dng - [7817] hng gin on (khe nt - [10467]
hp ip - [14902] hng (kim a bn) - [11580]
hp ng nhng a khu ra m - [4766] hng hm - [15895]
hp h - [14903] hng mng tinh th - [4280]
hp kim nhm - [573] hng tm - [12185]
hp k - [14893] hng tm ca t - [6559]
hp lot - [14883],[14902] hng trc - [249]
hp lu - [117] hng vo b - [10344]
hp nht - [3267] hu c - [10457]
hp phn kh - [16456] hyalin - [7101]
hp th - [15023] hyalophan - [7102]
hp thng - [14899] hyalotekit - [7104]
hp tng - [14879] hydrargilit - [7106]
hsianghualit - [7040] hydrat - [7107]
huebnerit - [7042] hydroamphibol - [7124]
huemulit - [7043] hydroastrophylit - [7125]
Hu bin (Crinoidae) - [3557] hydrobasaluminit - [7126]
Hu bin un (Flexibilia) - [5648] hydrobiot - [7128]
hugelit - [7044] hydrobiotit - [7129]
huhnerkobelit - [7045] hydroboracit - [7130]
hulsit - [7046] hydrocalcit - [7131]
humberstonit - [7052] hydrocalumit - [7132]
humboldtin - [7053] hydrocarbon - [7133]
humboldtit - [7054] hydrocarbon parafin - [10817]
humerit - [7066] hydrocarbon thm a nhn - [11669]
humin - [7063] hydrocarbroit - [7134]
huminit - [7064] hydrocerusit - [7135]
humit - [7065] hydrocloroborit - [7136]
humit mangan - [8966] hydrodreserit - [7140]
humocol - [7067] hydroglauberit - [7157]
humodil - [7068] hydrogranat - [7146]
humodit - [7069] hydrogrosular - [7161]
humogelit - [7070] hydrohalit - [7162]
humolit - [7071] hydrohetaerolit - [7163]
humolith - [7072] hydrohonesit - [7164]
humonigritit - [7074] hydromagnesit - [7177]
humopel - [7075] hydromagnoilit - [7178]
humosit - [7077] hydromarchit - [7179]
humpy - [7078] hydrombobomkulit - [7180]

763
hydromica - [7185] iodobromit - [7607]
hydromolysit - [7186] iodyrit - [7608]
hydromuscovit - [7187] iolanthit - [7609]
hydronesit - [7188] iolit - [7610]
hydronium - [7189] ioni - [7612]
hydro mica - [7225] ion dng - [2428]
hydro (H) - [7147] iowait - [7619]
hydrophan - [7190] iragit - [7620]
hydrophilit - [7191] iranit - [7621]
hydrosialit - [7195] iraquit - [7622]
hydrosilicat - [7196] irarsit - [7623]
hydrotalcit - [7211] irhtemit - [7624]
hydrotroilit - [7222] iridi (Ir) - [7625]
hydrotungstit - [7223] iridosmi - [7627]
hydroxylapatit - [7229] iridosmin - [7626]
hydroxyl-bastnaesit - [7226] iriginit - [7628]
hydroxyl-elestadit - [7227] iserit - [7665]
hydroxyl-herderit - [7228] ishikawait - [7666]
hydrozincit - [7230] ishkulit - [7667]
hydrugrandit - [7224] ishkyldit - [7668]
hypabyssal - [7239] isinglas - [7669]
hypersthen cha st - [7641] isoclasit - [7678]
hypostratotyp - [7267] isoferoplati - [7683]
ianthinit - [7281] isokit - [7689]
ichthyolit - [7307] isomertieit - [7694]
idait - [7309] isomicrolin - [7697]
idocras - [7316] iso-orthoclas - [7673]
idrialit - [7317] isoperthit - [7705]
ikait - [7324] itoit - [7727]
ikunolit - [7325] iwakiit - [7731]
ilesit - [7326] ixiolit - [7733]
ilimausit - [7327] jacinth - [7734]
ilit - [7329] jack (kv) - [7735]
ilit natri - [14040] jack nha - [12563],[12922]
ilit phn hy - [3931] jack thp - [14413]
ilit thanh gin (phn hy) - [14660] jack thuc l - [15572]
ilmajokit - [7332] jacobsit - [7736]
ilmenit - [7333] jad - [7737],[7739]
ilmenomagnetit - [7334] jad Amerian - [618]
ilmenorutil - [7335] jad serpentin - [13562]
ilsemanit - [7336] jad spinach - [14250]
iluvi - [7331] jadeit - [7738]
ilvait - [7337] jager - [7740]
imandrit - [7344] jagoit - [7741]
imerinit - [7346] jagowerit - [7742]
imgreit - [7347] jahnsit - [7743]
imhofit - [7348] jalpait - [7744]
imogolit - [7353] jamborit - [7745]
imoriit - [7323] jamesit - [7746]
inaglyit - [7364] jamesonit - [7747]
incait - [7366] jamesonit bc - [13843]
inch - [7368] jangunit - [7749]
inderborit - [7385] jargun - [7751]
inderit - [7386] jarlit - [7752]
Indi - [7414] jarosit - [7753]
indialit - [7395] jaskolskiit - [7754]
indianait - [7396] jasperoid - [7757]
indicolit - [7402] jaspopal - [7759]
indigirit - [7403] jeanbandyit - [7761]
indigolit - [7405] jeferisit - [7763]
indi (In) - [7410] jefersonit - [7764]
indochinit - [7412] jenit - [7766]
Indus - [7414] jenkinsit - [7765]
inelit - [7479] jepeit - [7767]
inesit - [7433] jeremejevit - [7768]
Infracambri - [7459] jeromit - [7769]
ingodit - [7460] jezekit - [7775]
insizwait - [7500] jimboit - [7776]
inyoit - [7602] joaquinit - [7777]
iodargyrit - [7603] joesmithit - [7779]
iodat - [7604] johachidolit - [7780]
iod (I) - [7605] johanit - [7781]

764
johansenit - [7782] karst ni cao - [10110]
johilerit - [7783] karst ni la - [16512]
johnstrupit - [7785] karst st - [12498]
johsomervileit - [7786] karst sng - [5741]
jokokuit - [7805] karst sng bng - [6283]
joliotit - [7806] karst trn vn - [6961]
jordanit - [7808] karst tri - [9874]
jordisit - [7809] karst tuyt - [10112]
joseit - [7810] kasit - [7897]
josen - [7811] kasolit - [7896]
juanit - [7813] kasrt a din - [11657]
julgoldit - [7815] kataphorit - [7899]
jungit - [7818] katayamalit - [7900]
junitoit - [7820] kavir - [7902]
junoit - [7821] kawazulit - [7903]
Jura - [7823],[7825] kazakovit - [7904]
juravskit - [7812] Kazan - [7905]
jurbanit - [7826] Keewatin - [7909]
juvit - [7829] kegelit - [7910]
kafehydrocyanit - [7832] kehoeit - [7911]
kainit - [7834] keilhauit - [7912]
kainosit - [7835] keithconit - [7913]
Kainozoi - [2514],[7836] keiviit - [7914]
kalborsit - [7838] keldyshit - [7915]
kalerit - [7833] kelyanit - [7918]
kali - [11746] kelyit - [7916]
kaliborit - [7839] kemlitzit - [7919]
kalicinit - [7840] kempit - [7920]
kali-40 - [11761] kenedyit - [7921]
kali (K) - [11756] kentrolit - [7923]
kalinit - [7841] kenyait - [7924]
kaliophilit - [7842] keo bin i - [9289]
kalistrontit - [7843] keo st - [2849]
kalkowskit - [7844] keo to - [436]
kalsilit - [7845] kerargyrit - [7926]
kamacit - [7846] kermesit - [7928],[833]
kamaishilit - [7847] kernit - [7929]
kame ti ch - [12552] kesterit - [7930]
kamererit - [7856] ketnerit - [7937]
kamiokit - [7854] Keuper - [7938]
kamitugat - [7855] kevir - [7939]
kanemit - [7857] keyit - [7941]
kankit - [7858] k - [13647],[13652]
kanoit - [7859] k (cctr) - [1999]
kanonait - [7860] km theo - [1156]
kaolin - [7861] ko - [15675]
kaolinic - [7862] ko cng - [4519]
kaolinit - [7863] ko di - [5305]
kaolin ho - [7864] ko di dng - [11727]
kaolin ngm nc - [7169] ko ngc - [12604]
karelianit - [7866] ko theo thay i sc bn) - [5612]
karibibit - [7868] ko thun - [10165]
karling hay a hnh ai vng - [7869] k h mao dn - [2233]
karnasurtit - [7871] km (Zn) - [17128]
Karni - [7872] km ruby - [12981]
karpatit - [7873] knh - [1025],[14581],[16660],[2612],[5818],[8624]
karpinskit - [7874] knh o - [8996]
karst - [2373],[2446],[7877] knh dn mi - [11323]
karst n - [3505],[5825] knh dn ni la - [16476]
karst chu nh hng ca sinh vt - [11265] knh dn nc - [3243],[5715],[8346]
karst c - [10704] knh dn nc h - [10359]
karst do sng - [5741] knh dn nc vo - [6750]
karst ng sinh - [15007] knh o - [2191],[4388]
karst gian tng - [7569] knh hot ng - [192]
karst hnh nn - [3249] knh ht - [5054]
karst hi sinh - [12579] knh ht nc - [2727],[7381],[7463]
karst h st - [13880] knh ht nc ca Bt bin (cs) - [11929]
karst khe nt - [3549] knh nh - [14520]
karst khuyt - [9245] knh siphon - [13891]
karst mng rnh - [8106] knh sng v - [14947]
karst nguyn - [6961] knh tho nc l - [5675]
karst nhit - [15406] knh thot - [5242]

765
knh trc - [5054] khai thc mt phn - [10896]
knh x l ca h cha - [14249] khai thc nc - [16910]
knh xng hng tm - [4154] khai thc nc di t - [6606]
k trn - [14890] khai thc nc di t qu mc - [6591]
k hoch pht trin - [4094] khai thc tng su - [3903]
k ton - [1798] khai thc ph - [13749]
kt cu - [14711],[3316],[9249] khai thc qu mc - [10590]
kt cu bn trn ca nn ng - [10931] khai thc qung - [4519]
kt cu dng t ong - [6995] khai thc tn thu - [13749]
kt cu t - [14061],[5340] khai thc than bng phng php l dc - [2961]
kt cu p chn nc - [7511] khamrabaevit - [7947]
kt cu ht t ng nht - [13865] khanesit - [7948]
kt cu ht kn - [2934] khc bit - [4197]
kt cu khung - [5864] khc hng (cctr) - [756]
kt cht - [3147] khc ngun - [487]
kt dnh - [3059],[327] khi lun kinh t a cht - [6150]
kt m - [11486] khi lun kinh t-k thut - [15144]
kt hch - [3237] khng ct gin on - [11405]
kt hch cha ha thch - [2002] kh dng - [1201]
kt hch dogger - [4414] kh nng p dng - [895]
kt hch y - [4457] kh nng bo mn - [39]
kt hch hang ng - [2470] kh nng bin dng - [3920]
kt hch mangan - [8963] kh nng chu ti cho php (cctr) - [502]
kt hch phosphat - [11208] kh nng chng ng t - [4685]
kt hch r cy - [12631] kh nng cha nc - [16612]
kt hch st - [7634] kh nng gi nc - [16634],[2220]
kt hch silic - [2675] kh nng hp th nc cc i - [9130]
kt hch trong than - [2955] kh nng ht m - [7234]
kt ht trung bnh (tt) - [9261] kh nng nn - [3204]
kt hp - [1100] kh nng to hm ch - [2451]
kt khi - [3148] kh nng thm lc - [7441]
kt qu phn tn - [13247] kh nng thc hin c - [5440]
kt tinh - [3658],[5199] kh nng trng n - [5268]
kt tinh chu k - [3763] khm ban bin tinh - [11574]
kt tinh ca thy tinh ni la hoc ti kt tinh vi - kho c hc - [936]
[9372] kho st t nn - [14055],[14062]
kt tinh ht cc th - [5325] kho st a chn - [13694]
kt tinh ht ln - [2974],[8793],[9182] kho st hin trng - [13904],[5282],[5555]
kt tinh ht nh - [5587] kho st hoc o v t trng - [8888]
kt tinh ht rt mn - [16378] kho st s b - [12342]
kt tinh magma trong iu kin p sut tng cao - [11303] kho st trong phng - [8100]
kt tinh mi - [9991] khc su - [7370]
kt tinh nhp iu - [12667] khe - [13889],[14837],[14838],[4519],[5732],[7493]
kt tinh phn on - [5848] khe dn thc n - [5777]
kt tinh r - [5173] khe delta - [3968]
kt tinh samel - [13101] khe c thnh to do bng h - [10611]
kt tinh trung bnh - [9258] khe hm - [11679]
khabra - [7943] khe hp thoi - [9891]
khadar - [7944] khe h i dng - [80]
khademit - [7945] khe h kh - [16882]
khai dn mch nc - [14330] khe lp b mu - [108]
khai o c chng ngang (cctr) - [1875] khe lng - [10195],[4464]
khai o ngm - [16050] khe mang - [6248]
khai o (hm - [4868] khe ni - [7955],[7956],[7966]
khai khn - [5279] khe nc - [16631]
khai m - [1471] khe nt - [10906],[2881],[2888],[3546],[4310],[5607],[5614],
khai m bng phng php ha tan - [14107] [5850],[7787]
khai thc - [5279],[5280],[5318] khe nt ac - [84]
khai thc bng khoan n mn (cctr) - [1710] khe nt cnh g - [15263]
khai thc bng l bng - [235] khe nt cng - [15253],[15262],[15263],[15264]
khai thc bng l ch - [8825] khe nt ct - [13628],[13629],[13948]
khai thc cn kit qung - [12537] khe nt cho - [10218]
khai thc c k hoch - [6723] khe nt chnh - [9098]
khai thc cui si - [6474] khe nt ch - [9098]
khai thc dc va - [4529] khe nt dng phin - [13653]
khai thc hm l - [16051] khe nt dng vng - [12738]
khai thc ht qung - [12537] khe nt dc - [14648],[8666]
khai thc kt hp - [13749] khe nt ng khu - [14930]
khai thc khong sn bng sc nc - [7117] khe nt Griffith - [6539]
khai thc l thin - [10358] khe nt hnh ct - [11889]
khai thc m - [16055],[9546] khe nt ha tan - [14104]
khai thc m l thin - [10365],[14659] khe nt h - [3548]

766
khe nt ln - [8908],[8918] khoa hc v qu - [6083],[6085]
khe nt ngang - [12122] khoa hc v sng - [5743]
khe nt nguyn sinh nm ngang - [11850] khoa hc v vt liu - [9104]
khe nt nhit - [15385] khoa hc vin thm - [284]
khe nt ni la - [16499] khoa thy tr liu (thy liu php) - [1297]
khe nt phn lp - [1475] khoan - [1166],[1807],[1813],[4540],[4546]
khe nt Q - [12122] khoang c th di np - [7263]
khe nt ra - [12274] khoang di gip - [7262]
khe nt ra cc th xm nhp - [9016] khoang rut - [3038]
khe nt ri - [12494] khoang thot - [2932]
khe nt tch xung yu (ti hn) - [3574] khoang trong - [4977],[7548]
khe nt th ch - [2879] khoang trc - [4436]
khe nt trong khi - [3512] khoan bng b - [13717]
khe nt trt - [13629] khoan cp - [12903],[2044]
khe nt vng - [12738] khoan dn - [11795]
khe rnh ha tan - [14098] khoan t hoc ly mu - [4540]
khe rng - [11691] khoan p - [11060],[11061]
khe sui - [5715] khoan p bng cn - [1815]
khe tam gic - [3968] khoan p cp - [1816],[2762]
khe t bm (cs) - [2037] khoan ging - [16774]
khe xon nc - [7199] khoan gung xon - [13337]
khe xi - [6638] khoan kh - [361],[4571]
khp li khng kn - [7378] khoan kim cng - [4143]
khibinit (kv) - [7951] khoan kim cng trong kho st cu trc - [4144]
khibinskit - [7952] khoan ly mu - [3439]
khin - [13676],[2257],[5134] khoan ngm - [9621]
khin n - [3630] khoan quan trc - [7506]
khin Canada - [2189] khoan su - [3898]
khin dung nham - [8318] khoan thm d - [15310]
khin ui nguyn thy - [11952] khoan thi cng ng hm - [4555]
khin lc a - [3353] khoan th - [15310]
khin lc a (kt) - [3345] khoan tm kim-thm d - [5283]
khin lng - [4469] khoan trc - [11795]
khin ni la - [16503] khoan vi bm nc tun hon - [16582]
khin ni la basalt - [8318] khoan xoay - [12932],[12934]
khin trn - [6648] khoan xon - [6784]
khin trc - [5934] khong bismut - [1653]
kh - [12577],[2217] khong cht cng nghip - [7428]
kha ha tan - [14110] khong ho - [9511]
kha mp v s - [12515] khong ha i km - [1099]
kha su - [7370] khong ha kim loi - [9321]
kha tai bo - [3537] khong ha lin quan - [1099]
kh p k - [1339] khong s phng - [9529]
kh p k b ti - [11562] khong sng - [9508]
kh p k hp - [707] khong sng thnh to dng ng - [11350]
kh p k thy ngn - [9239] khong sng yn nga - [13030]
kh p k - [1337] khong tng hc - [9517]
kh m t nhin - [16806] khong vt - [6715],[9504]
kh carbonic CO2 - [2282] khong vt allanite - [2543]
kh ng hnh - [1098] khong vt beryl vng - [6347]
kh hu - [2889] khong vt b che lp - [10241]
kh hu i dng - [10249] khong vt carbonat st - [7654]
kh hu lc a - [3336] khong vt cerite - [2543]
kh hu trong nm - [17033] khong vt chn on - [14983]
kh lu hunh nng - [14072] khong vt ch-thy ngn - [8353]
kh m kh - [6030] khong vt ch th - [4131],[7391]
kh nng th sinh - [13407] khong vt ch th phn loi - [16276],[4368]
kh ni la - [16487] khong vt chun - [14371]
kh oxid carbon CO - [2284] khong vt con - [3842]
kh quyn - [9394] khong vt cng - [6714]
kh quyn v tr - [283] khong vt qu - [6077]
kh thnh - [11549],[11553] khong vt c trng - [14187],[16276],[4368]
kh tr - [10114],[7431] khong vt ng mu xanh - [9759]
kh tng - [9394] khong vt c gii phng - [12496]
kh tng hc - [9396] khong vt evaporit - [5221]
kh t nhin - [6027] khong vt ging mica - [9413]
kh t nhin (kh thin nhin) - [9932] khong vt ha sinh - [12082]
khlopinit - [7953] khong vt hc - [9514],[9515],[9518]
khoa hc a cht - [6156],[6199] khong vt hu c - [1625]
khoa hc a vt l - [6197] khong vt keo - [6071]
khoa hc mi trng - [5006] khong vt lm vt liu mu - [11312]
khoa hc tri t - [4675] khong vt lp - [13655]

767
khong vt mu xanh - [9762] khng chnh hp a phng - [8621]
khong vt mt mo ng nh - [10462] khng chnh hp a tng - [14566]
khong vt mm - [14045] khng chnh hp gia c - [2031]
khong vt mui - [5221] khng chnh hp gi - [12007]
khong vt nng - [6766] khng chnh hp gc - [2924],[2930],[4324],[736],[739]
khong vt nguyn sinh - [11856] khng chnh hp ha ln - [1714]
khong vt ng sc - [7629] khng chnh hp ha hc - [2660]
khong vt nh - [8460] khng chnh hp khc tng - [6846]
khong vt nhit dch - [16983] khng chnh hp khu vc - [12464]
khong vt ph - [106] khng chnh hp kin to - [14685],[15162]
khong vt ph c trng - [2632] khng chnh hp lin hp - [3191]
khong vt qung - [9313],[9318] khng chnh hp ngoi l - [15668]
khong vt qung mu - [12390] khng chnh hp "gi" - [6395]
khong vt sng mu - [8460] khng chnh hp song song - [10850]
khong vt sm mu - [3827] khng chnh hp to ni - [10484]
khong vt st - [2857] khng chnh hp th sinh - [13419]
khong vt st chu la - [5596] khng cho thm nc - [16104]
khong vt silic - [5653] khng c dng chy mt - [998]
khong vt sinh hc - [1626] khng c ng t - [1075]
khong vt sulfua - [14842] khng c feldspar - [5451]
khong vt tm ion - [14723] khng c mang - [35]
khong vt thit yu - [5143] khng c quy lut - [15915]
khong vt th sinh - [13411] khng c rn (cs) - [776]
khong vt th sinh hnh g gh - [2461] khng c tnh hu c - [7488]
khong vt tiu chun - [10182] khng c vn phong ha - [10136]
khong vt tiu hnh - [15958] khng c kt - [16041]
khong vt tip xc - [3320] khng c vch (cs) - [145]
khong vt tinh khit - [2874] khng cng thi - [6836],[6837]
khong vt ti hn - [3569] khng ng hng - [10140],[756]
khong vt ng sut - [14623] khng ng thi - [4118]
khong vt vng-bismut - [1655] khng ng thc - [754]
khong vt vn - [4079] khng u bn - [7429]
khong - [15532] khng u mnh - [7430]
khong cch - [7573] khng o c - [16067]
khong cch n tm trc ta - [2569] khng ng nht - [6842]
khong cch a tng - [14551] khng ng trc - [10129]
khong cch a thi - [6117] khng i xng - [1118]
khong cch gi tr gia cc ng ng mc - [3365] khng i (cs) - [1244]
khong cch gia cc in cc - [14153] khng gian sinh thi - [4736]
khong cch gia cc khe nt - [7799] khng gian ng sut - [14628]
khong cch trn thang o my a vt l - [13222] khng ht - [7378]
khong cc tnh - [11604] khng h thi dng (cs) - [672]
khong a thi - [6114] khng kt dnh - [10131]
khong (thi gian) t - [8884] khng khin (cs) - [674]
khong kt tinh - [3662],[5890] khng kh - [275]
khong khp cu to - [14678] khng khp - [736],[7365]
khong thi gian - [4616] khng lu bn - [5945]
khong thu pht - [7478] khng lin tc - [3486],[4308]
khonh - [13425] khng ngm nc - [745]
khot kiu mng nga - [7375] khng nghing - [10501]
khot mn - [13180] khng phn lp - [16109]
khot su - [10588],[7370] khng phn tng - [16109]
khoharit - [7954] khng ph thuc - [7383]
kho cha vt liu - [14477] khng qua c kt v thot nc - [12178]
kho d liu - [3834],[3835] khng rnh (cs) - [165]
kh b ph hy - [15247] khng rnh tia (cs) - [422]
kha t - [6649] khng rng - [4765]
kh - [8095] khng to ni - [777]
khi phc mu - [12531] khng thm nc - [15514],[16683],[7358]
khng - [16112] khng thun - [4325]
khng o (cs) - [144] khng xin - [10501]
khng nh - [278] khi - [12411],[9094],[9095]
khng ban tinh - [860] khi ba phng kp - [4393]
khng bo ho - [16103] khi bng h - [6267]
khng bn vng - [16105] khi bng l - [7285]
khng b ph - [1329] khi bng tri - [7287]
khng b xo trn - [16061] khi bin cht - [9352]
khng cn xng - [1118] khi bn phng kp - [4389]
khng chnh hp - [10132],[10133],[16037],[16039],[4325] khi ct l - [13120]
khng chnh hp cu to - [14709] khi chuyn ng ln pha trn - [16138]
khng chnh hp cu trc - [4324] khi dn in hoc vt th t - [4035]
khng chnh hp o - [7599] khi - [12847]

768
khi kin to - [15164] khuych tn bin cht - [9344]
khi t p c m cht - [12880] khuych tn d thng - [770]
khi t p thy lc - [7111] khuyt tt mng tinh th - [8282]
khi t mt - [8210] khuyt tt Schottky - [13286]
khi m u ba ng cc - [9650] khc cong - [924]
khi a di - [9888] khc gy - [1914]
khi kin to - [15155] khc sng khng b phn nhnh - [8509]
khi lp th - [14438] khc un - [1505],[1581]
khi lng - [12132] khc un do o khot - [7369]
khi mt t - [8209] khc un o - [7375]
khi mi hai mt kp - [4267] khc un li cu - [6998]
khi nng - [14693] khc un ph - [14783]
khi nm - [16751] khc un sng - [9149]
khi nghch chm - [15461],[15463],[15466],[15467] khc un thung lng - [16234]
khi ngoi a - [15463],[15466],[15467] khc un tin trin - [7461]
khi nh - [12776] khc un t do - [5884]
khi nc - [16645],[1764] khc x - [12446]
khi nc bin - [16684] khc x ca sng - [16719]
khi nc hay khi hnh nn - [3280] khc x n - [13868]
khi nt - [7788] khc x kp dng - [11726]
khi ph k - [9092] khc x k - [12451]
khi ph k - [9091] khc x k Abbe - [12]
khi ph chm nghch - [10616] Khng long (Archosauria) - [4249]
khi st rng trn bn bnh nguyn - [16020] kh clo - [3884]
khi tm mt - [10268] kh dolomit - [3895]
khi tng chn ven b - [1843] kh c hi - [8345]
khi tng st ng thc - [9889] kh mui (kh mn) - [4044]
khi trng (cctr) - [1734] kh silic - [4062]
khi tri - [16117] kh (tch) ion - [3939]
khi trt trn cc lp st (cctr) - [1730] kh (tch) nit - [3993]
khi tuyt ht cng chc ngun hoc nh bng h - kidereckit - [7959]
[9956] kidwelit - [7962]
khng ch cu trc - [14680] kieserit - [7963]
khng ch h hi do n mn - [3806] kim - [452]
khng ch ng sut - [14617] kim vi - [454]
khp u - [114],[3231] kin sinh - [15150],[15151]
khp ni - [7787] kin sinh ph hy - [15109],[15111]
khp vi mi ngoi - [3070] kin to - [14692],[15152]
khi ng my - [1799] kin to ng tnh kiu Pratt - [16373]
khuy ng - [340] kin to a tng - [14570]
khuy trn - [340] kin to granit - [6422]
Khu to (Bacillariophyceae) - [4160] kin to hnh thi hc - [9726]
khuch i sinh hc (dt) - [1618] kin to ha - [15190]
khuch tn cng - [14076] kin to hc - [15182]
khung - [14727] kin to kiu alpin - [542]
khung kt tinh - [3660] kin to kiu c - [10873]
khung kin to - [15168] kin to mng - [11462]
khung rn - [12421] kin to mui - [13089]
khung xng - [13911] kin to thng ng - [16373]
khung xng trong - [4945] kin to ton cu - [11462],[6319]
khuniit - [7957] kin to ton cu mi - [10050]
khun - [9754] kin to trm tch - [13438]
khun cy trong dung nham - [8321] kin to vt l - [11583],[15194]
khun ngoi - [5311] kin trc - [15355],[1734],[5338]
khun trong - [7553] kin trc kt tinh - [7249]
khu chy ri - [12877] kin trc ban bin tinh - [11706]
khu t nhin - [9926] kin trc bay hi - [5217]
khu vc - [10614],[17164],[965] kin trc bin tinh c nt - [11708]
khu vc nh hng ca thy triu - [14522] kin trc bng - [11834]
khu vc bin - [1862] kin trc bt ni la - [12034]
khu vc (din tch) pht trin - [4090] kin trc c nt - [2408]
khu vc chu nh hng thy triu - [15492] kin trc "mesa" - [9249]
khu vc khai thc ht - [4014] kin trc cng tinh - [5207]
khu vc uc trng rng - [5805] kin trc di - [1309]
khu vc hnh thi - [9719] kin trc dng perthit - [11126]
khu vc khai thc - [2064] kin trc dn xut - [4040]
khu vc nghin - [13616] kin trc diabas - [4112]
khu vc ngun gc-hnh thi - [9715] kin trc dng chy - [12666]
khu vc pht sinh ln - [13389] kin trc m - [4433]
khu vc thot nc - [16667] kin trc eutecti - [5207],[5208]
khu vc thu nc - [2420] kin trc ghp mnh - [9736]
khuych i sinh hc - [1622] kin trc gi ban bin tinh - [11997]

769
kin trc gi porphyr - [11996] kiu ct kim cng Tolkowsky - [15588]
kin trc gneis - [6335] kiu ct (ch tc) bn - [15043]
kin trc ht kt tinh - [3652] kiu Clisiophyllum - [2931]
kin trc ht mn - [851] kiu - [15955]
kin trc ht nguyn sinh - [11949] kiu gen - [6097]
kin trc ht porphyr - [11710] kiu hang dng sng knh rch - [2620]
kin trc ht ton t hnh - [10775] kiu kha rng ca trn - [8615]
kin trc kt ht - [337] kiu kin to - [15183],[15186]
kin trc kt tinh - [3663] kiu kin trc n tinh - [851]
kin trc khm - [11572] kiu loi t - [14063]
kin trc khm ban tinh - [11575] kiu mng sng sui ln xn - [4036]
kin trc khm bin tinh - [13769] kiu mc tay li lim - [2768]
kin trc khm ofit - [11577] kiu ngun gc - [6091]
kin trc khm topic - [11576],[11579] kiu n mn theo hng - [4960]
kin trc khng ton tinh - [7249] kiu rng hn - [3778]
kin trc kim cng - [4147] kiu Rng hn (Corbicula) - [3431]
kin trc lamprophyr - [8189] kiu rng Lucina - [8733]
kin trc lattic - [8283] kiu san h dng khi bt (cs) - [858]
kin trc Linophyric - [8513] kiu san h dng (cs) - [594]
kin trc lithoidal - [8558] kiu sinh hc - [1635]
kin trc mnh vn - [5861] kiu Tere-bratellida - [15278]
kin trc mnh vn thy tinh - [16443] kiu Tere-bratulacea - [15280]
kin trc mediopocphyr ( c kin trc mediopocphyr) - kiu Tere-bratulina - [15281]
[9172] kiu tiu hng tm - [2531]
kin trc microlitic - [9449] kiu tiu ly tm - [2529]
kin trc microphyr - [9458],[9462] kiu tiu ta tia - [2529]
kin trc miniphyr - [9555] kit nc - [4016]
kin trc minophyr - [9558] kilalait - [7967]
kin trc mc xen pyroxen - [12111] kilchoanit - [7965]
kin trc mylonit - [9847] kimberlit - [7968]
kin trc nguyn sinh - [11865] kim cng - [2387],[4138]
kin trc ophit - [14310] kim cng bn - [15044]
kin trc perlit - [11098] kim cng bt - [15044]
kin trc perthit - [11125] kim cng Cape - [13840]
kin trc phanerit - [11174],[11176] kim cng cng nghip - [7426]
kin trc phn tn - [4346] kim cng en - [1680],[2294]
kin trc pilotaxit - [11324] kim cng gi - [5380]
kin trc planophyric - [11430] kim cng hoa hng - [12911]
kin trc poikilit - [11572] kim cng Matura - [9115]
kin trc porphyrit - [11703] kim cng trng tinh - [12782]
kin trc porphyrit n tinh - [11704] Kimmeri - [7969]
kin trc que bin tinh - [9985] Kimmeridgi - [7971]
kin trc r cy - [12630] kim loi - [9302],[9308]
kin trc tm song song - [10848] kim loi c bn - [1388]
kin trc tha hnh - [8411] kim loi ha - [9322]
kin trc t hnh hon ton - [10774] kim loi qu - [10115],[11807]
kin trc vy bin tinh - [8402] kim loi t sinh - [9904]
kin trc vi con tm - [9472] kimzeyit - [7972]
kin trc vi ht - [854],[9441] Kinderhook - [7973]
kin trc vi hnh cu - [9467] kingit - [7978]
kin trc vi khm - [9459] kingsmuntit - [7979]
kin trc vi ophit - [9421] kinh - [8661]
kin trc vi tinh - [9430],[9449],[9451] kinh a t - [6165]
kin trc vi vn ch - [9442],[9457] kinh tri t - [15301]
kin trc v nh hnh - [639] kinh nghim thc t - [11803]
kin trc va - [9732] kinh t - [4721]
kim nh tr lng - [12536] kinh t khong sn - [4734]
kim k nc - [16611] kinh t thm d a cht - [4733]
kim k nc di t - [6578] kinh tuyn - [8662]
kim k thy vn - [7172] kinh tuyn a t - [6166]
kim k tr lng khong sn - [12465] kinh tuyn quc gia - [9901]
kim sot bin dng - [14512] kinichilit - [7980]
kim sot l - [5668] kinoit - [7985]
kim sot ng sut - [14617] kinoshitatit - [7986]
kim tra - [15309],[3372] kipushit - [7987]
kim tra bng mt - [16434] kirovit - [7988]
kim tra lut phn phi chun - [15312] kirshsteinit - [7990]
kim tra tr lng - [12536] kirunavarit - [7964]
kiu - [14727],[9596] kitkait - [7991]
kiu ct bc thang - [14427] kch n - [4075]
kiu ct n - [13864] kch thy lc (cctr) - [7735]
kiu ct hoa hng cho kim cng loi nh - [12909] kch thc - [13907],[4238]

770
kch thc bi - [4621] krutovit - [8065]
kch thc c cui - [3000] krypton (Kr) - [8066]
kch thc ht - [6407] kryzhanovskit - [8067]
kch thc ht hu hiu - [4782] ktenasit - [8069]
kch thc ht st - [2865] ktypeit - [8070]
kch thc mt sng - [13768] kukersit - [8071]
k hiu l Ac - [179] kulanit - [8073]
k hiu M - [8771] kulerudit - [8075]
knh hin vi quan st qung - [10443] kulkeit - [8074]
knh hin vi in t - [4849] kunzit - [8077]
knh hin vi in t qut - [13229],[13507],[14420] kupletskit - [8078]
knh hin vi in t qut xuyn qua - [13230] kupletskit cesi - [2556]
knh hin vi in t truyn qua - [15701] kuramit - [8079]
knh hin vi phn cc - [11149],[11618] kuranakhit - [8080]
knh hin vi quang hc - [10385] kurchatovit - [8081]
knh lng sc - [4174] kurgantait - [8082]
knh phn cc - [14405] kurnakovit - [8083]
kp n - [4076] kurumsakit - [8084]
kp th khoan - [4548] kusuit - [8085]
kp th khoan mn a chn - [4455] kutinait - [8086]
kladnoit - [7992] kutnahorit - [8087]
klebelsbergit - [7993] kuznetsovit - [8088]
klockmanit - [7996] kvanefjeldit - [8089]
knebelit - [7999] ky - [2344]
knipovichit - [8006] kyanit - [8090]
knoringit - [8011] kyanophilit - [8091]
knoxvilit - [8013] kyzylkumit - [8094]
koashvit - [8014] k - [303]
kobeit - [8015] k triu rng - [9957]
kobelit - [8016] k vng - [5274]
koeclinit - [8017] k hiu - [9050]
koenenit - [8018] k hiu i - [17211]
koflachit - [8019] k hiu phn hoa - [11636]
kogarkoit - [8020] k hiu Schoenflies - [13278],[13279]
koktait - [8021] k - [11082]
kolbeckit - [8022] k cc tnh - [11605]
kolfanit - [8023] k Drift - [4536]
kolovratit - [8024] k tam - [15304]
kolwezit - [8025] K nguyn - [5073]
kolymit - [8026] K nguyn bng h - [6272]
komarovit - [8027] K Permi - [11110]
komatiit - [8028] k th ba - [15304]
konderit - [8029] k Trias - [15757]
koninckit - [8030] k thut nh s HUE - [7041]
kopit - [8033] k thut chng ng t - [4680]
koritnigit - [8035] k thut ca dy (cctr) - [16906]
kornelit - [8036] k thut khoan n mn (c bit dng trong n nh mi
kornerupin - [8037] dc) - [1711]
korshunovskit - [8038] k thut mi dc - [13955]
korzhinskit - [8039] k thut mi trng - [4997]
kostovit - [8040] k thut Wilson - [16870]
kostylevit - [8041] k kh (cs) - [654]
kotigit - [8044] k oxy - [654]
kotoit - [8042] labit - [8098]
kotschubeit - [8043] labradophyr - [8101]
kotulskit - [8045] labradorfels - [8102]
koutekit - [8047] labradorit - [8103]
kovdorskit - [8048] labradoritit - [8104]
kozulit - [8049] labuntsovit - [8105]
kratochvilit - [8051] LaCast - [8108]
kraton - [8052],[8053] laccolit - [8111]
krausit - [8054] laccolith - [8112]
krauskopfit - [8055] lacroixit - [8113]
krautit - [8056] lacuna - [8114]
kreitonit - [8057] Ladin - [8120]
kremersit - [8058] lafitit - [8122]
krenerit - [8059] lagun - [8128]
kribergit - [8060] lagun ven b - [2981]
krinovit - [8061] laihunit - [8147]
krohnkit - [8062] laitakarit - [8148]
krupkait - [8063] lakapit - [8149]
krutait - [8064] lamerit - [8183]

771
lamprobolit - [8185] lm giu qung - [10417],[10430],[1508],[2877]
lamproit - [8186] lm giu sulfua - [14841]
lamproit xm nhp nng - [16965] lm giu th sinh - [13404]
lamprophylit - [8187] lm gim - [4234]
lamprophyr - [8188] lm g gh - [1563]
lamprophyr b bin cht - [8190] lm ha tan - [4359]
lanarkit - [8191] lm kh - [362]
landanit - [8194] lm mnh thm - [12479]
Landeili - [8594] lm mm nc - [14047]
Landen - [8197] lm mi - [5411]
landerit - [8198] lm ni d thng - [10947]
landesit - [8199] lm tan - [14117]
Landoveri - [8595] lm tng hm lng nc trong t - [3809]
langbanit - [8231] lm thay i - [4385]
langbeinit - [8232] lm thong kh cho t (cctr) - [273]
langbeinit mangan - [8971] lm thot kh - [3868]
langisit - [8233] lm ti t - [273]
langit - [8234] lm trn - [13996]
lanilit - [8096] lm trn bng entropy - [13997]
lanit - [8596] lm trn bng hm spline - [13998]
lan ta thch nghi (cs) - [219] lm yu nhiu - [10125]
lan trn ca dng nc - [16673] l - [13653]
Lano - [8597] l cht - [11340]
lanonit - [8235] l cht bc hai - [11345]
lansfordit - [8236] l cht con - [11345]
lantanit-Nd - [8238] l mang bo t - [14311]
lantan (La) - [8239] l phi trong - [4934]
lanthanit - [8237] lt mng - [13931],[8171]
lapieit - [8240] lt mng (kv) - [13425]
lapili - [8241] lt mng thch hc - [15421]
lapis lazuli - [8245] lnh th - [15295]
laplandit - [8246] lch - [12716],[2191],[7477]
larderelit - [8248] lng knh nicol - [10077]
lardit - [8249] lng knh phn cc - [11619]
larosit - [8250] lng knh Wollaston - [16929]
larvikit - [8251] lng tr - [11885]
lasenit - [8252] lng tr ba phng - [15775]
laterit - [8270] lng tr ba phng kp - [4396]
laterit ha - [8272],[8273] lng tr bc ba - [15430]
latit - [8276] lng tr bc hai - [13422]
latiumit - [8279] lng tr bn phng - [15330]
latrapit - [8280] lng tr bn phng kp - [4390]
Lattorfy - [8284] lng tr su phng kp - [4222]
laubmanit - [8285] lng - [16640]
laueit - [8287] lng ng - [130],[13429],[13432],[13439]
laugenit - [8288] lng ng ct bi trong lng h cha nc - [13826]
laumayit - [8291] lng gi - [2163]
laumontit - [8289] lu di - [11101],[11103]
Laurasia - [8292] ln (t) - [4919]
laurdalit - [8293] lp - [5564]
laurionit - [8294] lp y - [1160],[7437]
laurit - [8295] lp y bi tch - [514]
lausenit - [8296] lp y hm - [2216]
lautarit - [8297] lp y ming ni la - [3524]
lautit - [8298] lp y st - [2858]
lavendulan - [8325] lp khun - [2398]
lavenit - [8326] lp lnh - [6288]
lavialit - [8327] ly mu - [13102],[13112]
lavrentievit - [8328] ly mu thnh h o - [13762]
lawsonit - [8335] ly nc - [70]
lazarenkoit - [8341] lp bn nh cu trc - [11225]
lazuli - [8342] lp bn khng nh - [277]
lazulit - [1752],[8343] lp k hoch cng tc thm d a cht - [11425]
lazurit - [8344] lp k hoch nghin cu n nh mi dc - [11426]
lm m - [3809] lp phng - [3671]
lm bin dng - [4369] lt - [15628]
lm bin dng xon - [4369] lt khi (cctr) - [1733]
lm bin i - [4385] lt ngc - [10619]
lm chm - [8123] lt un - [5651]
lm cho km chu ng - [5411] lt un-khi (cctr) - [1725]
lm cng - [7425] leadhilit - [8354]
lm a cht - [6159] lechatelizit - [8366]

772
lecontit - [8367]
lectostratotyp - [8368]
Led - [8369]
ledikit - [8370]
legrandit - [8378]
lehiit - [8379]
leicophyr - [8428]
leicotephrit - [8432]
leidleit - [8381]
leifit - [8382]
leightonit - [8383]
leiteit - [8384]
lemantit - [8380]
lemoynit - [8386]
Len - [8387]
lengenbachit - [8388]
lenilenapeit - [8390]
lenilit - [8391]
len - [12866]
lentil - [8394]
leolit - [8395]
Leonard - [8396]
leonhardit - [8397]
leonit - [8398]
leopadit - [8399]
leopoldit - [8400]
lepersonit - [8401]
lepidocrocit - [8403]
lepidolit - [8405]
lepidomelan - [8406]
leptit - [8407]
leptoclorit - [8408]
leptynolit - [8412]
lermontovit - [8413]
lerzit - [8447]
lerzolit - [8448]
letovicit - [8415]
leucaugit - [8416]
leuchtenbergit - [8417]
leucit - [8418]
leucitit olivin - [10319]
leucitolit - [8419]
leucitophyr - [8420]
leucit natri - [14021]
leucochalcit - [8422]
leucophanit - [8425]
leucophoenicit - [8426]
leucophosphit - [8427]
leucosom - [8430]
leucosphenit - [8431]
leucoxen - [8433]
leumafit - [8434]
leuwfontenit - [8373]
leverierit - [8442]
levynit - [8443]
Lewisian - [8444]
lewisit - [8445]
ln cht - [3150]
l vi - [8478]
l khi tng - [1847] lithiophilit - [8544]
l sa mc - [4050]
lch - [3917],[4197]
lch hng - [3917]
lch mng xon - [13339]
Lias - [8449],[8450]
liberit - [8451]
libethenit - [8452]
liebenbergit - [8455]
liebigit - [8456]
lin bc - [14900]
lin i - [270],[5016]
lin ip - [14902]
773
lin t ngc hm - [6333]
Lin gii - [5017]
lin h - [8503]
lin h a tng - [14546]
lin h a tng theo khong - [7574]
lin h thch hc - [8551]
lin kt - [1100],[13375],[14052],[1589]
lin kt an xen - [7541]
lin kt vn c thp - [7542]
lin k - [14893]
lin lot - [14883],[14902],[9187]
lin thng - [14899]
lin thi cc tnh - [11605]
lin thi cc tnh (hp thi cc tnh) - [11610]
lin thi i (hp thi i) cc tnh - [11611]
lin tip - [14823]
lin tng - [14879]
liu - [2633]
liu lng ti a cho php - [9126]
liu thuc n trn mt n v chiu di (cctr) - [1708]
liu ti u trong thit k n mn sn xut - [10395]
lignit t g (woody linite) - [1760]
ligurit - [8463]
likasit - [8464]
lilianit - [8465]
limburgit - [8469]
limonit - [8488]
limonit trng c - [9539]
limurit - [8489]
linaeit - [8511]
linarit - [8490]
lindackerit - [8491]
lindgrenit - [8493]
lindoit - [8494]
lindstromit - [8495]
linan - [8492]
lineamen nh hng khng - [369]
lineament kin to - [15193]
lineament ln - [9188]
Lingulacea - [8507]
Lingulidae - [8508]
linh kin - [7121]
linh kin d tr - [13570]
linophyr - [8512]
linosait - [8514]
Lintwardin - [8515]
liparit - [8517]
lipotexit - [8518]
lipscombit - [8519]
liroconit - [8528]
liskeardit - [8529]
listwaenit - [8530]
litchfieldit - [8531]
lite - [8532]
lith - [8533]
litharge - [8534]
lithidionit - [8541]
lithi (Li) - [8548]
lithionit - [8543]
lithiophorit - [8545]
lithiophosphat - [8546]
lithiotantit - [8547]
lithodem - [8552]
lithoidit - [8559]
lithosit - [8565]
lithospat - [8566]
liveingit - [8587]
livesit - [8589]
livingstonit - [8592]
lizardit - [8593]
lnh vc - [4441]
lch s cu trc - [14694] loseyit - [8694]
Llanvirni - [8599] Lotharing - [8699]
L-tectonit - [8731] lotharmeyerit - [8700]
loang - [14318] lovdarit - [8702]
loang l - [9751] lovozerit - [8704]
loi - [14177] loweit - [8721]
loi n tht - [2362] l - [11720],[15895],[15897]
loi cn bng chuyn ha - [5084] lng cho - [11742],[2443]
loi chun (ca ging) genotyp - [6097] lng cho mui - [13083]
loi di c - [4901] lng dn - [2612]
loi khng lu bn - [5946] lng dn nc - [16617],[16660]
loi n nh - [5084] lng h - [8162]
loi phn b ton cu - [3478] lng sng - [12786],[1468],[2437]
loi sinh hc - [1627] lng sng kh cha ct - [9876]
loi - [14177],[2822],[9596] lng sui - [14607]
loi b cht thi - [16597] l) - [14906],[7011]
loi dolomit mnh vn - [4423] l bng - [234]
loi m tiu sinh vt - [6828] l nng chy - [11565]
Loi st vi tinh ging flint c thnh phn trong kaolin l magma - [11565]
chim u th - [5655] l ngang - [234],[3586]
loi silica - [13795] l sy - [10577]
loi hoc th (dng trong phn loi) - [16277] l thng kh - [1741]
loi khong - [3982] l xuyn va - [3586]
loi muscovit nh - [11511] lt di - [16054]
loi mi khoan t dng gung xon (cctr) - [1168] li - [3111],[9178]
loi st acid - [150] li chy - [10519]
Loi st c cha mt lng carbonat calci - [2503] li - [3443]
loi st mn - [5579] li khoan - [4542]
loi st trng - [979] li khoan - [12834]
loi si - [5584] li khoan kim cng - [4142]
lot - [13556],[14835],[4408] lm - [15831]
lot bi ni o - [15595] lm ln pha trn - [14733]
lot bin tinh t hnh - [7312] lm-li - [3222]
lot kim-vi - [2078] lc - [13445],[5573],[5574]
lot tholeit - [15433] lc chm qua ct - [13966]
lot y - [1839] lc nhanh qua ct - [12289]
lot ng hnh - [7701] lc theo di tn s - [1306]
lot granit - [6421] lc t chnh - [217]
lot humosapropelit - [7076] lt ry - [10912]
lot ln - [9187] lt sng - [10912]
lot n nh - [14346] lng roi - [5631]
lot ra tri - [10576] lng rung - [2769]
lot st than bn thi - [7076] lng t - [2769]
lot tng - [13545] li - [11327]
lot (a tng bn ) - [488] li cu - [3244]
lot than mn cy - [7073] li hai mt (cs) - [1574]
lot thnh h a cht mt vng nht nh - [13425] li lm - [4883]
lot tng hp - [15026] li-lm - [3391]
lot trn ng t nh - [4686] li-phng - [3392]
lot tng bin cht - [9346] lc xoy (bo xoy nhit i) - [7093]
lot tng kiu Alpin - [541] li - [9596]
lot tng kiu Pirine - [12062] li i - [3676]
lot tng kiu Saxon - [13216] li vo hang ng - [2764]
lot urani - [16165] li vo kin c - [11101]
Lochkov - [8623] lm m - [11573]
lodranit - [8627] l - [12042],[5784],[848]
loelingit - [8628] li - [5117]
loeweit - [8639] l bi tit - [15734]
lokait - [8648] L bt (Cystoporata) - [3786]
lolingit - [8649] l chn rng (cs) - [595]
lomonosovit - [8651] l cung - [10971],[10973],[5066]
lomontit - [8652] l cung di nh - [7270]
lonecrekit - [8655] l ca - [6050]
long lanh - [2640],[2641] l i - [4269]
lonsdaleit - [8676] l i vch ngoi - [7050]
loparit - [8686] l gi - [11995]
lopezit - [8687] l hng - [4568]
lopolit - [8689] l hng ng sinh - [5483]
lorandit - [8690] l hng ln - [8801]
loranskit - [8691] l hng nh - [9461]
lorenzenit - [8692] l hng st - [2859]
loretoit - [8693] l hng trong - [2479]

774
l khoan - [1810],[4543],[4545] lp c bn - [8178]
l khoan p nc thi - [16599] lp cui st (do bng tuyt li) - [5470]
l khoan p (np) nc - [7473] lp dy - [15419]
l khoan gp qung - [10438] lp dng li - [7252]
l khoan (ging) hp th - [60] lp dng on (cctr) - [1983]
l khoan ngc ln - [16143] lp dnh kt - [1591]
l khoan n mn - [1703] lp dng - [5694]
l khoan quan trc - [10229],[11306] lp di mng chitin - [7252]
l khoan thm d - [11932],[11933] lp t - [1700]
l lng roi - [5628] lp t c s - [9052]
l ming - [848] lp t b mt - [3610]
l ming ngoi rn - [5322] lp t so snh - [9052]
l ming xch o - [5079] lp t tham kho chnh - [9052]
l mn - [1703] lp t ng - [195]
l phun - [5953] lp t nn ngay di mng cng trnh - [14756]
l phun dung nham - [8312] lp t thot nc - [4505]
l phun kh - [1742] lp granit - [6424]
l ph - [103] lp hai mt - [14240]
l rn - [16005] lp ht phn cp - [6390]
l rng - [11691] lp hnh vm - [4443]
l rng to nn do r cy - [12901] lp t thm - [919]
l rng trong - [8564] lp kp - [4478]
l rng trong t - [16453] lp kp - [7519],[7521],[7522]
l sinh dc - [6367] lp kp ln pyrit trong than - [1900]
l sinh sn - [6367] lp kp phn chia - [10906]
l thot nc (cs) - [880] lp khng thm nc - [916]
l thoi n - [3641] lp L - [8600]
l thoi vch ngoi - [7051] lp lng tr - [11887]
l thng - [12042] lp lng thp ba phng kp - [4395]
l thng ngoi - [5260] lp mi - [5063]
l th sinh - [4086],[4088] lp mt ng - [10933],[14913]
l trong - [4949] lp mt thang ba phng - [15780]
l trng - [16212] lp mt thang bn phng - [15336]
l trc - [5931] lp mt thang su phng - [6871]
l xon - [5059] lp mt thoi - [12651]
l - [1329] lp mng ca nn ng (cctr) - [1393]
ln - [15628] lp mng di ca nn ng - [14742]
ln ngc - [12576] lp mng di ng st - [12813]
l (vt l) qung - [9304] lp mng - [13644]
l qung - [10416],[3584] lp mng (cctr) - [8178]
l va - [3583] lp mt nm - [767]
lt xc - [4701] lp mi hai mt kp - [4268]
li gii cho bi ton ph hy mi dc dng trt khi nm lp nm trn - [10607]
- [16749] lp ngoi v - [13588]
li gii i s - [2939] lp nc l trn mt - [13649]
ln dn - [126] lp ozon - [10640]
ln dn ln - [122] lp peridotit - [11078]
lp - [1304],[13377],[14573],[1468],[2822],[3886],[8338] lp phin rng - [8275]
lp o ng - [14913] lp ph - [10580],[10602],[2014],[2217],[3886]
lp o (cs) - [8994] lp ph bng - [7292],[7296],[7303]
lp n - [3626] lp ph bng lc a - [3342]
lp bao chnh - [4752] lp ph chm - [9888]
lp bao ngoi - [4750] lp ph chm nghch - [10618]
lp basalt - [5978] lp ph - [12828]
lp bo v - [12614],[12751],[14913] lp ph hu hiu (trong n mn) - [4778]
lp bng - [7294] lp ph khe tam gic - [3970]
lp bng mng - [7295] lp ph kh - [6028]
lp b tng - [2760] lp ph tro ni la chnh hp vi a hnh - [9000]
lp bin - [1856] lp ph vt liu ti ch - [1190]
lp bc ngoi - [10552] lp (nhm) thp i h thoi - [12645]
lp bc trong - [7482] lp 8 mt 6 tam gic - [6882]
lp bn mt ba ng gic - [15123] lp (tng) ph - [15629]
lp bn mt bn phng - [15329] lp qung - [10416]
lp bn mt h thoi - [12646] lp sn - [2162]
lp bn mt su tam gic - [6883] lp st - [2854],[2855]
lp carbonat - [2297] lp sng ngoi - [11084]
lp cch nc - [909] lp tam gic lch ba phng - [15778]
lp chn - [2863] lp tam gic lch bn phng - [15333]
Lp chnh ca bao ngoi ng vt v chitin - [4753] lp t bo lt ngoi - [5258]
lp chuyn tip - [10914] lp t bo vng ai - [2720]
lp cha nc - [16607] lp thp ba phng - [15777]
lp c dng phng - [8178] lp thp ba phng kp - [4397]

775
lp thp bn phng - [15332] lueshit - [8741]
lp thp bn phng kp - [4392] luetheit - [8742]
lp thp i ba phng - [15774] Luis - [8744]
lp thp i bn phng - [15327] lujavrit - [8745]
lp thp h thoi - [12648] lunabas - [8747]
lp thng tin trong bn - [8338] lunarit - [8749]
lp tc nh - [8718] lundyit - [8751]
lp trung gian (cctr) - [1591] lunokit - [8753]
lp vch trong - [4935] lung - [4658]
lp vch trong sut - [4149] luscladit - [8756]
lp v - [3469] Lusitan - [8757]
lp v di - [8723] lusitanit - [8758]
lp v ngoi - [11084],[4759] lusungit - [8759]
lp v ph - [13410] lutalit - [8760]
lp v trong - [7266] Lutet - [8761]
lp vi ngoi - [10541] luteti (Lu) - [8762]
lp xen - [7521] luxulianit - [8764]
lp xen k - [550] li - [12469]
lp xin cho - [3587] li vch dc - [13243]
l - [1207] ln - [13577],[6569]
lm chm - [3518] ln chnh lch - [4204]
l - [15628] ln ch ng - [199]
l tch - [15089],[3093],[3094],[3871],[523] ln d - [12557]
li dng - [5279] ln t lng cho - [2444]
lun chng a cht-kinh t - [6150] ln khng u - [4202],[4204]
lun chng kinh t-k thut - [5441] ln khng lin tc - [4323]
lun gii - [7565] ln lch - [4202]
lut Dollo - [4421] ln lin tc - [3362]
lut a tng - [14542] ln st - [2466]
lut lin h b mt - [8334] l - [5663]
lut m - [9548] lng ni la - [14800]
lut song tinh - [15937] l bn - [9796]
lut song tinh aclin-A - [159] l ct - [13138]
lut song tinh aclin-B - [160] l lt m rng - [14273]
lut song tinh Ala-A - [394] l nm - [766]
lut song tinh Ala-B - [395] l qut - [5640]
lut song tinh Ala-Manebach - [8948] l tch - [11920],[4235],[4237]
lut song tinh albit - [413] l trn - [2414]
lut song tinh albit-Ala - [411] ly - [1311]
lut song tinh albit-Carlsbad - [412] la - [13821]
lut song tinh Baveno - [1425] la - [12855]
lut song tinh Brazil - [1904] lc a - [3329],[3330],[8052],[8053],[8193]
lut song tinh Briethaupt - [1920] lc a nguyn thy - [10781]
lut song tinh Carlsbad - [2353] lt - [5663],[7586]
lut song tinh Carlsbad B - [2352] lt ct - [13138]
lut song tinh cunersdorf - [3686] lng - [4462],[4472]
lut song tinh Dauphin - [3844] li - [9254]
lut song tinh Esterel - [5147] li cc gi tr lm trn - [6533]
lut song tinh Karlsbad - [7870] li cc - [11597]
lut song tinh lng tr - [11886] li dng chy - [5697]
lut song tinh Manebach - [8950] li m - [3494]
lut song tinh Nevada - [10046] li gi tr d - [6536]
lut song tinh Nht - [7750] li thm - [5697]
lut song tinh periclin - [11075] li thp - [16771],[16905]
lut song tinh petschau - [11168] li Wulf - [16958]
lut song tinh quanh nghing (periclin) Manebach - [8949] li - [15599]
lut song tinh Rosenbusch - [12914] li dung nham - [8311]
lut song tinh spinel - [14254] li khoan - [1667],[4541]
lut song tinh x - [17012] li khoan c vi phun (cthv) - [7771]
lut song tinh x aclin B - [16966] li khoan u kim cng - [4145]
lut song tinh x-Carlsbad - [16975] li khoan a - [4337]
lut song tinh x-periclin - [16996] li khoan ly mu - [3437]
lut tng Goldschmidt - [6359] li my i - [4493]
Lud - [8735] li nc mn - [13094]
ludenit - [8734] li tm st - [5950],[8461]
ludlamit - [8736] Lng c (Amphibia) (cs) - [642]
ludlockit - [8737] lng hnh - [4240],[4243]
Ludlovi - [8738] lng sc - [4172]
ludonit - [8701] lng thp ba phng kp - [4394]
ludwigit - [8739] lng - [12132]
ludwigit magnesi - [8871] lng bc hi - [5219]
lueneburgit - [8740] lng cha tro - [1077]

776
lng mt khi nung - [7322] l thuyt v khe nt Griffith - [6538]
lng ma (tuyt) ri - [11811] ma st - [5909]
lng nc b mt i do thm - [13446] ma st m - [9977]
lng nc d - [16653] ma st bn - [13596],[13599],[13914]
lng nc gi li - [12585] ma st bn m - [9978]
lng nc khai thc - [17051] ma st thy lc - [7113]
lng nc thot - [16619],[16687] ma st trong - [7551]
lng thuc n - [2633] ma st trt - [13937]
ln sng i xng thoi - [10861] Maastrichti - [8774]
ln sng ha thch - [5830] ma trn (tc) - [9110]
lu bin - [3535] macalisterit - [8776]
lu bin hc - [12626] macdonaldit - [8778]
lu hnh - [3709] macedonit - [8779]
lu hunh - [14852] macfalit - [8780]
lu hunh ha - [14851] macgovernit - [8781]
lu hunh (S) - [14861] machatschkit - [8782]
lu hunh t sinh - [14852],[14861] mackayit - [8783]
lu lng - [4296] mackelveyit - [8784]
lu lng nh (cc i) - [10946] mackinawit - [8785]
lu lng n v - [14180] mackinstryit - [8786]
lu lng kinh t - [4732] maconit - [8787]
lu lng mao dn - [2244] macphersonit - [8788]
lu lng nc di t - [3894],[6582] macquartit - [8789]
lu lng ring - [14180] macro - [8790]
lu lng ti u - [10393] macroporphyrit - [8802]
lu lng trm tch - [13430] madeirit - [8812]
lu vc - [1400] madocit - [8813]
lu vc i din - [12527] madupit - [8814]
lu vc h - [8151] maeneit - [8816]
lu vc kh hn - [4569] Maestrichti - [8817]
lu vc nc di t - [6577] mafelsic - [8818]
lu vc sng - [12785],[16223],[16667],[16668],[7159] mafic - [8819]
lu vc tiu nc - [16665],[4504] mafit - [8821]
la chn - [4198] mafrait - [8822]
la chn ht - [14130] mafurit - [8823]
lc an ton - [13032] magadit - [8824]
lc cn - [4494] magbasit - [8826]
lc dnh biu kin - [3055] magelschmidtit - [9868]
lc dnh kt - [3054] maghagendorfit - [8827]
lc y ni (cctr) - [2009] maghemit - [8828]
lc hp dn do thy triu gy ra (vl) - [15488] magma - [7320],[8829],[8837]
lc hiu dng - [4781] magma cha qung - [10442]
lc ht do mao dn - [14826] magma ha - [8854]
lc hu hiu - [4781] magma latent - [8253]
lc ko - [4522] magma mi - [9998]
lc k - [8602] magma nguyn sinh - [11855]
lc kt tinh - [11787],[3664],[5791] magma nng chy ti ch - [677]
lc khng cn bng - [16026] magnesi (Mg) - [8874]
lc lin kt gia cc ht - [10901] magnesit - [8873]
lc ma st - [5909] magnetit - [8885],[8891]
lc mao dn - [2228],[2229] magnetitit - [8892]
lc nng - [4522] magnetoplumbit - [8894]
lc ni ma st - [7551] magniotriplit - [8901]
lc php tuyn - [10169] magnitud ng t (vl) - [8902]
lc qun tnh - [7432] magnocolumbit - [8904]
lc tc ng theo chiu ngang ln mt khi lng tr trn magnocromit - [8903]
vm mi (hm - [7011] magnoferit - [8905]
Lc tc ng theo chiu thng ng ln khi t din - magnophorit - [8906]
[16365] magnusonit - [8907]
lc thm - [13448] mai - [2257],[3618]
lc trng n - [5272] majakit - [8914]
lc tng ng ti cc nt trong phng php phn t hu majorit - [8920]
hn - [5090] makatit - [8921]
lysimet - [8769] makinenit - [8923]
lysoclin - [8770] malachit - [8924]
l thuyt bin phc - [3175] malachit xanh - [1748]
l thuyt nm - [16750] malacolit - [8925]
l thuyt np li - [817] maladrit - [8934]
l thuyt phn i - [17162] malanit - [8926]
l thuyt regression - [12469] malardit - [8935]
l thuyt sc bn Mohr - [9608] malayait - [8927]
l thuyt tch t - [4539] Malaysianit - [8928]

777
malchit - [8929]
maldonit - [8930]
malignit - [8932]
malinowskit - [8933]
Malm - [8936]
mamothit - [8941]
manacanit - [8942]
manandonit - [8943]
manardit - [8989]
manaseit - [8944]
mandarinoit - [8945]
mandchurit - [8946]
mang - [6246]
manganblend - [8958]
manganit - [1963],[8967]
mangan en - [1684]
mangan (Mn) - [8959]
manganolit (kv) - [8972]
manganophyilit - [8973]
manganosit - [8974]
mangerit - [12109],[8979]
mang phin - [8177]
mang qung - [10413],[9305]
manjakit - [8982]
manjiroit - [8983]
mansfiekdit - [8992]
Manti - [8995]
mantienneit - [8993]
Manti di - [9268]
manti ngoi - [10554]
manti thch quyn - [8568]
manti trn - [16128]
mao dn - [2227]
mapimit - [9003]
marbl - [9009]
marcasit - [9010]
marchit - [9011]
marekanit - [9012]
margarit (kv) - [9013]
margarosanit - [9014]
marialit - [9021]
maricit - [9022]
marignacit - [9023]
marit - [9074]
mariupolit - [9049]
markfieldit - [9057]
marl - [9060]
marloesit - [9061]
marmatit - [9064]
marmolit - [9065]
Marmor - [9067]
marn - [9070]
marokit - [9071]
marosit - [9072]
marscoit - [9076]
marshit - [9080]
marthozit - [9082]
martinit - [9083]
martit - [9084]
masafuerit - [9085]
masanit - [9086]
masanophyr - [9087]
mascagnit - [9088]
masicot - [9093]
maskelynyt - [9089]
maslovit - [9090]
masutomilit - [9099]
masuyit - [9100]
matagamit - [9112]
mateucit - [9113]
matildit - [9107]
matlockit - [9108]
778
matrait - [9109]
matrosit - [9111]
matulait - [9114]
maufit - [9119]
May - [9131]
mayenit - [9132]
Maysvili - [9133]
mazit - [9134]
mi gic hnh cnh sao - [14385]
mi mn - [4488]
mi mn do bin - [13354]
mi mn do gi - [16878],[16885]
mi mn do sng - [16696]
mi mn gi - [16875],[16876]
mi mn sa mc - [4052]
mng honh ngoi - [4755]
mng lc - [5570]
mng ngang - [4151]
mng t bo vng ai - [2719]
mng tia - [9253]
mng trong - [10054],[7577]
mng trong - [4933]
mng vch trc - [5929]
mn chn - [13335]
mn hnh - [9647]
mu c bn ( - [11845]
mu hon chnh - [11067]
mu ngc - [6073]
mu nc bin - [16613]
mu ti - [3825]
mu trung bnh - [9257]
mu vt vch - [14576]
m - [6087]
m t do - [5881]
mi - [1248],[12896]
mi dc - [13954]
mi dc) - [14347],[14349]
mi dc khng i - [3314]
mi dc v hn - [7447]
mi t gy nghch chm - [12898]
mng - [12688],[14768],[16484],[2191],[4498],[5732]
mng i dng - [15739]
mng nng thm lc a - [13664]
mng nc - [5715]
mng vc - [15738]
my p kh o cao - [1340]
my ch lu tr c s d liu (CSDL) - [3835]
my d - [4073]
my o t - [4669]
my p - [12830]
my o beryli - [1544],[1545]
my o cng ca tn hiu - [13986]
my o d thng trng lc kiu Thyssen - [15476]
my o o hm d thng trng lc - [17098]
my o a chn di rng - [16098]
my o a chn xc nh vn tc dch chuyn - [16316]
my o cao bay - [378]
my o mui - [13064],[13065]
my o t thin - [3888]
my o gia tc - [99]
my o lu tc - [3715]
my o ph tia gamma - [6014]
my o thnh phn thng ng ca trng t - [17226]
my o trng lc - [6479]
my o trng lc phim nh - [1105]
my o t phim nh - [1106]
my o vi cng - [13310]
my ghi dao ng chu k ngn - [13714]
my ghi a chn - [6187]
my ghi kh p - [1337]
my ging - [8646]
my ht du - [1280]
my ht ra - [2875] mch dng ng - [11352]
my khch - [6630] mch dng thang - [8117],[8118],[8119]
my khoan su - [3897] mch (th) - [16304]
my khoan xon - [3447] mch y - [1835]
my lng trong - [4495] mch in t siu nh - [2696]
my nghin - [1915] mch ng - [12027]
my nghin ba - [6696] mch hnh yn nga - [13029]
my nghin cc - [3061] mch [nc] - [16304]
my nghin - [14488],[3613] mch karst - [7888]
my nghin kp hm - [7760] mch khe nt - [5853]
my nghin kiu a - [4338] mch l t t gy - [5423]
my nghin ly tm - [2528],[6655] mch ngang - [14656]
my nghin quay - [6655] mch ni ngang - [14335]
my nghin qung - [1980] mch nc - [14322]
my nghin xoay - [12933] mch nc artesi - [1053]
my nhiu x - [4209] mch nc carbonic - [2309]
my quang ph (ph k) - [14210] mch nc chy ln - [1071]
my qut hng khng - [379] mch nc chy xung - [4045]
my ra tch qung - [16584] mch nc nh k - [11083]
my sc k kh - [6032] mch nc gin on - [7546]
my so mu ph - [14207] mch nc hnh ng - [15859]
my tch qung - [4495] mch nc khong - [9531]
my tch sng - [4073] mch nc khng nng - [10147]
my thu p in - [7192] mch nc nng - [15391],[7037]
my thu a cc - [9810] mch nc phng x - [12207]
my thu a chn - [13486] mch nc phun - [6234]
my thu a chn bin - [7192] mch nc thung lng - [16243]
my thu a chn t ti im n ghi thi gian n - mch nc tn ti quanh nm - [11063]
[13724] mch nc trn - [10595]
my thu a chn ghi dao ng thng ng - [16367] mch nc trng lc - [6502]
my thu a chn o tc truyn sng - [16310] mch pegmatit - [10992]
my thu a chn kiu in t - [16270] mch phun - [16292],[6643]
my thu sng a chn - [13463],[13480] mch qung - [10415],[10454],[9314]
my tnh s ha - [4214] mch st - [2871]
my t ghi mc nc - [8482] mch thch anh cha cc tm mng ca cc vt liu khc
my v - [11489] - [8181]
mng - [11450],[12238],[12241] mch thm - [5575]
mnh - [15298] mch tri - [1784]
mnh bn - [9008] mch trng - [4027]
mnh bi kt - [120],[129] mch vng - [1784]
mnh bng - [10976],[16331] mch vng - [11684]
mnh cu trc bin cht - [9352] mng chiu - [11918]
mnh - [5862] mng chiu lp th - [14439]
mnh t nh - [7001] mng o - [12339]
mnh hu bin - [4917] mng n gin hay mng nguyn thy - [13853]
mnh lng - [4470] mng khng gian - [14152]
mnh lng (cs) - [1879] mng khuyt tt - [3911]
mnh mi di - [8099] mng li - [6532]
mnh sng lng - [4472] mng li l hng tng trng - [6614]
mnh tay - [1879] mng li quan trc nc di t - [6593]
mnh trn - [5930] mng mt thoi - [12654]
mnh v - [16246] mng nguyn thy - [11870]
mnh v - [5859] mng ni - [16958]
mnh vn - [2386],[2825],[2828],[3870],[4077],[4083], mng Schmidt - [13273]
[5371],[5859] mng sng - [4501]
mnh vn do gi - [703] mng sng dng ht chui - [1449]
mnh vn kim cng - [4139] mng sng hp dng - [7512]
mnh vn ni la - [12076] mng sng hp lu - [7512]
mnh vn th - [2968] mng sng sui dng cnh cy - [3986]
mnh vn tiu mn - [23] mng sng sui ngoi lu - [5308]
mnh xng trong - [4954] mng t bo - [15662]
m ha - [3012] mng tinh th - [8281]
m no - [2573],[300] mng tnh tin - [15694]
m no agat - [10348] mng x - [15662]
m no cy - [15733] mng xng ngang - [5400]
m no dng di - [10347] mng - [14364],[4551]
m no g - [16932] mt ct dc ca sui - [14599]
m no hang ng - [2468] mt h - [15513]
m no Mexico - [9400] mt kp - [3194]
m no nc - [16604] mt khng mu - [10]
m no trng - [16818] mt nc - [16623]
mch - [16304],[3496] mt phc hp - [3194]

779
mt phc ton mc - [6957] mt nt - [7793],[7800]
mt (cs) - [5330] mt phn x hay mt i xng gng - [12442]
mt xch - [2565] mt phng - [5341]
mn - [13054] mt phng chnh - [11879]
mn nhn to - [1061] mt phng dao ng - [16397]
mt - [5341],[5343],[5345] mt phn lp - [11411],[14533]
mt p artesi - [1058] mt phin - [1478]
mt bao chy do - [17060] mt quang sut - [10390],[7401]
mt bn - [15042] mt quang sut hai trc - [1572]
mt bn nguyt - [8755] mt ranh gii gia kh-nc - [6042]
mt bi bin - [1443] mt sao - [14386]
mt bng phng bng ct - [13137] mt sn - [12503],[13600]
mt bc ba - [15427] mt song tinh - [15942],[15944]
mt bn - [5637] mt sng - [16709]
mt bn ca vng cun - [16851] mt sng do bo mn - [5113]
mt b - [13700] mt sn rn dng ln t y bin - [12429]
mt bng - [16324],[16327] mt T - [15658]
mt ct - [11900],[13425],[13631] mt tam gic - [15754],[5343]
mt ct cu trc - [14681],[14715] mt tan - [14119]
mt ct chun - [15957] mt tch lp - [1478]
mt ct ca t nn - [14060] mt th nng - [11772]
mt ct dc (trc din dc) - [8667] mt thy p - [11309]
mt ct a chn - [13462],[13470],[13479] mt tip cn - [16400]
mt ct a hnh - [15617] mt tip xc du nc - [10292],[10293]
mt ct i chiu - [12436] mt tnh tin - [15695]
mt ct ng - [3118] Mt trng - [9699]
mt ct kin to - [15181] Mt Tri - [14867]
mt ct lin hp - [3187] Mt Tri (tt) - [14068]
mt ct ph tr - [12436] mt trung tnh - [10040]
mt ct thng ng - [16368] mt trc - [1230]
mt ct tiu chun - [14374] mt trc ca cc np un - [7983]
mt ct vng cun - [16850] mt trc quang - [1225]
mt ct v phong ha - [16740] mt trc - [5925]
mt chm - [15465] mt trc chu th - [3954]
mt chun - [3837],[3838] mt trt - [13638],[13930],[13939],[13949],[13951],[8219],
mt cong - [17060] [8220]
mt dch chuyn - [14915] mt trt t gy nghch chm - [14071]
mt dc - [12261] mt ng sut chnh - [11880]
mt dc nghing - [13944] mt vch - [13239]
mt dc nghing ca np sng ct - [13950] mt xa tm - [4363]
mt di ng khu - [12261] mt xm thc n - [2016],[5824]
mt di su - [14814] mt xm thc chn vi - [5824]
mt hoc ghnh - [1468] mt xch o - [5078]
mt y t gy nghch chm - [1378] mt yu - [11416]
mt ng hng - [11415] my - [16303],[2946]
mt t men dc theo sng un khc - [8510] my hi ca cc kh - [5957]
mt i ming - [33] mm - [13442]
mt i xng - [14979] mm tinh th - [13443]
mt t gy nghch chm - [15469] mt nc do bay hi - [12752]
mt geoit - [3159] mt nc do thc vt - [16301]
mt ghp - [14813] mt nc di t tng trn (do bc hi trong i thng
mt gim yu - [11416] kh) - [16215]
mt g gh - [1863] mt ti - [8696]
mt gn - [12774] mt va - [3742]
mt hnh tm mt - [10266] mu - [3244],[4897]
mt ha tan - [14103] mu bm c - [879]
mt h o - [5234] mu bm c (cs) - [872]
mt hu t - [12311] mu bn l - [2338]
mt khng chnh hp - [14916] mu bng - [16330]
mt khp - [3138] mu chng dng tha - [12561]
mt khut gi - [8371] mu chng sau nh - [10213]
mt lp - [14533],[1476] mu chng trong - [2725]
mt lng - [4463],[4472] mu dng cnh (cs) - [402]
mt nghing - [13956],[14425] mu dc - [2846]
mt ngoi v - [15202] mu n - [2842]
mt nhn - [13930] mu ui - [2441]
mt nh - [5343] mu khp - [3244]
mt nc di t - [16643],[6603],[6604] mu l ming - [2327]
mt nc di t treo - [11057] mu mt - [5331]
mt nc gy khc - [16610] mu mc tay - [3607]
mt nc ngm - [16677] mu nh (cs) - [6443]
mt nc thong - [11233] mu nn - [5995]

780
mu nn trong - [4931]
mu rng - [15600],[3722],[7371]
mu rng nh - [4008]
mu rng ph - [4008]
mu tay (cs) - [1884]
mu tia (cs) - [879]
mu trung tm - [14727]
mu trc (cs) - [798]
mu (cs) - [9686]
mu xng ngoi - [872]
mu - [8317]
mu - [13102],[13109],[13110]
mu Anh - [171]
mu b xo trn - [4386]
mu - [12849]
mu i din - [12528]
mu t - [14191]
mu t nguyn dng - [16061]
mu nh hng - [10469]
mu khoan - [1812]
mu khoan - [12834]
mu khi (cctr) - [1728]
mu ly bng nc tun hon - [16591]
mu li khoan - [3444]
mu M - [171]
mu phn tch lp li - [12525]
mu tin d liu - [3833]
mt - [3999]
mt biu kin - [884]
mt gin on - [4315]
mt ht - [10649]
mt khe nt - [7792]
mt kh - [4573]
mt l khoan - [16777]
mt mng li thm d - [4003]
mt mng thy vn - [4506]
mt nt n - [7792]
mt phn khong - [7575]
mt thm d - [4003]
mbobomkulit - [9135]
mboziit - [9136]
mcgilit - [9138]
mcnearit - [9140]
mconelit - [9137]
Medi - [9167]
mediphyric - [9171]
megalineament - [9188]
megovernit - [9192]
meguinesit - [9193]
meionit - [9194]
meixnerit - [9195]
mela- - [9196]
melagabroit - [9197]
melang - [9198]
melang kin to - [15177]
melanocerit - [9199]
melanophlogit - [9201]
melanophyr - [9202]
melanostibit - [9203]
melanotekit - [9204]
melanovanadit - [9205]
melanterit - [9206]
melanterit-km - [17134]
melaphyr - [9207]
melasome - [9208]
melilit - [9209],[9216]
melilitholit - [9211]
melilitit - [9210],[9212]
melilitolit - [9213]
meliphanit - [9214]
melit - [9217]
melkovit - [9215]
melmafit - [9218]
melonit - [9219]
melonjosephit - [9220]
melteigit - [9222]
menacanit - [9226]
Menap - [9227]
mendipit - [9229]
mendozit - [9230]
menearit - [9231]
meneghinit - [9232]
Menev - [9233]
Meot - [9234]
Meramec - [9235]
mercalit - [9236]
merenskyit - [9241]
merlinoit - [9242]
merninit - [9243]
meroxen - [9247]
merwinit - [9248]
mesabit - [9252]
meselit - [9275]
Mesogea - [9259]
mesolit - [9263]
mesomicrolin - [9264]
mesoperthit - [9265]
mesostasic - [9269]
mesotourmalin - [9271]
Mesozoi - [13393],[9273]
mesozon - [9274]
Messini - [9276]
meta-aluminit - [9277]
meta-alunogen - [9278]
meta-ankoleit - [9279]
meta-autunit - [9280]
meta-thn sa - [9287]
meta-uranocircit - [9380]
meta-uranopilit - [9381]
meta-uranospinit - [9382]
meta-vandendriescheit - [9383]
meta-vanmerscheit - [9384]
metabasit - [9281]
metablastes - [9282]
metabolit - [9284]
metaborit - [9285]
metacarbonatit - [9286]
metaclas - [9288]
metacoloid - [9289]
metadelrioit - [9292]
metahaiweeit - [9293]
metaheinrichit - [9294]
metahewettit - [9295]
metahohmanit - [9296]
metajenit - [9297]
metakahlerit - [9298]
metakaolinit - [9299]
metakicheimerit - [9300]
metakotigit - [9301]
metal-calciouranoit - [9307]
metalodevit - [9331]
metamict - [9335]
metanovacekit - [9357]
metaquarzit - [9358]
metarosit - [9359]
metaschoderit - [9360]
metaschoepit - [9361]
metasediment - [9362]
metasom - [9364],[9371]
metatect - [9373]
metatectit - [9374]
metatexis - [9375]
metatexit - [9376]
metathenardit - [9377]
781
metatorbernit - [9378] min vng ca Tri t - [6125]
metatyuyamunit - [9379] Ming n (Cryptostomata) - [3642]
metavanuralit - [9385] Ming t (Merostamata) - [9246]
metavariscit - [9386] ming (cs) - [848]
metavauxit - [9387] ming (ni la) th sinh - [13399]
metavivianit - [9388] Ming hm (Gnathostomata) - [6332]
metavoltin - [9390] ming khe nt - [5609]
metaxit - [9391] Ming lc (Ctenostomata) - [3668]
metazelerit - [9392] Ming mi (Cheilostomata) - [2645]
metazeunerit - [9393] ming ni la - [16322],[2145],[3522],[5290]
methan - [9397] ming ni la biu kin - [883]
meyerhoferit - [9401] ming ni la do va chm - [7354]
meymacit - [9402] ming ni la nh - [4244]
meymechit - [9403] ming ni la n - [5289]
mo m xon - [1347] ming ni la phc - [3165]
mo theo chiu di - [8389] ming ni la qung en - [3826]
mp chn khi trt - [8223] ming ni la sp - [3073]
mp hoc mt ca a hnh - [12726] ming ni la sp l - [3072]
mp ngoi - [610] ming ni la trn mt trng - [8748]
m - [6261] ming ni la trn mt trng rng - [16561]
mgrit - [9405] ming ni la xm thc - [5109]
mia - [8441] ming phun - [1762]
mianthit - [9409] ming phun geyser - [6237]
miaskit - [9411] ming rn - [16005]
mica - [9412] ming sng - [3869]
mica cha st - [7644] Ming trn (Cyclostomata) - [3771]
mica dn - [1943] ming trung tm - [2525]
mica ng - [3406] migma - [9484]
mica ht trai - [10956] migmatit - [9485]
mica h phch - [606] migmatit ha - [9486]
mica kali - [11751] miharait - [9488]
mica lithi - [8535],[8549] mi gian - [6262]
mica magnesi - [8860] mijakit - [9489]
mica natri - [14023] milarit - [9490]
mica nu - [1964] milerit - [9492]
mica tm - [13654] mili Gal - [9404]
mica trng - [16830] milisit - [9494]
mica uran - [16153] milosevichit - [9495]
mica vi - [8473] mimetit - [9496]
mica vn - [13330] mimosit - [9497]
micarel - [9418] minasragrit - [9499]
michenerit - [9420] Mindel - [9500]
microclinit - [9424] mineraloid - [9519]
microclin natri - [14024] minet - [9539]
microclin-perthit - [9423] minet natri - [14025]
microlin - [9445] minguzit - [9540]
microlit - [9446] minium - [9556]
microlith - [9447] minnesotait - [9557]
micropegmatit - [9456] minrecordit - [9562]
microsomit - [9466] minverit - [9563]
microtektit - [9470] minyulit - [9564]
microtinit - [9471] Miocen - [9565]
mictit - [9474] mirabilit - [9571]
Midway - [9483] misenit - [9572]
min m tiu - [12420] miserit - [9573]
min bng gi thng xuyn - [11100] misourit - [9576]
min b sung - [12336] Mississipi - [9574]
min cung cp - [12336] Missouri - [9575]
min cc tnh - [11613] mitridatit - [9577]
min duyn hi - [2979] mitscherlichit - [9578]
min t thp - [8168],[8728] mixit - [9586]
min a tng - [14561] miyakit - [9587]
min khng gian - [14173] mizonit - [9588]
min ni - [12277] mn nh micro-granular - [5581]
min ni un np - [5767] m-charnokit - [9139]
min st ln - [4026] m-enderbit - [9228]
min thu nc - [2421] moctezumit - [9592]
min tch t - [131] modul - [9598]
min trng - [4026],[4486] modul bin dng ct - [13630]
min trng n l - [2937] modul ct - [13630]
min trng ni a (ni lc) - [7535] modul dng chy - [14182]
min vng - [16223],[4486] modul dng ngm - [14185]

782
modul n hi - [4822] morozeviezit - [9713]
modul n hi ct tuyn - [13390] Morrow - [9729]
modul n hi th tch (cctr) - [1998] mosandrit - [9738]
modul ht - [5588] Moscovi - [9740]
modun n hi tip tuyn - [15100] mosesit - [9741]
modun cng ca t - [12713] mosheland-sbergit - [9739]
Mohawki - [9601] motif kin to - [15179]
mohit - [9602] motramit - [9752]
Mohni - [9603] motukoreait - [9753]
mohrit - [9611] mountainit - [9764]
moisanit - [9613] mountkeithit - [9778]
Molazz - [9620] mourit hay murit - [9779]
moluranit - [9625] moyit - [9782]
molybdat - [9626] mc - [6998]
molybdenit - [9627] mc dng phin - [5369]
molybdenit-3R - [9628] mc tay - [12237],[3609]
molybden (Mo) - [9629] mc tay dng vch - [13542]
molybdit - [9631] mng - [1395],[5837]
molybdomenit - [9632] mng m hc - [166]
molybdophylit - [9633] mng bn - [12240],[9101]
molysit - [9634] mng bn (cctr) - [1392]
momen chng - [12569] mng bng - [14317],[14658],[3360]
momen khng - [12569] mng b - [12240],[9101]
moment - [9635] mng cc ln - [14334]
moment qun tnh - [9636] mng cng trnh - [5780]
monalbit - [9637] mng cng - [12710]
monazit - [9639] mng dn khoan du kh ngoi khi - [14334]
monazit-(La) - [9640] mng dng caison - [10357]
moncheit - [9641] Mng (Hyolithida) - [7238]
monchiquit - [9642] mng y thung lng - [16230]
mondhaldeit - [9643] mng c lp - [7690]
monetit - [9644] mng n - [7411],[7690]
monimolit - [9646] mng ng - [12811]
monohydrocalcit - [9659] mng ng knh ln - [4561]
Monongaheli - [9663] mng ging - [2070],[4561]
monraesit - [9671] mng ging m - [10357]
monsmedit - [9672] mng hnh ch nht - [12352]
Mont - [9684] mng hp - [2070]
montanit - [9675] mng nh - [5780]
montbrayit - [9676] mng nng - [13607]
montdorit - [9677] mng ni (cctr) - [2011]
montebrasit - [9678] mng phao ni - [5659]
monteponit - [9680] mng ring l - [7411]
monteregianit - [9681] mng su - [3901]
montesit - [9682] mng trn - [2784]
montgomeryit - [9683] mng t - [8880]
monticelit - [9685] m - [11365]
monticelit st - [7646] mm - [6743]
montmorilonit - [9687] mng - [8179]
montramit - [9692] m bi tch - [511]
montroseit - [9690] m dng i - [13648]
montroydit - [9691] m do bc hi - [13057]
monzodiorit - [9693] m - [12136]
monzodiorit thch anh - [12154] m khng phn loi - [12137]
monzogabro - [9694] m nh hng - [15742]
monzogabro thch anh - [12155] m ng porphyr - [11714]
monzonit - [12143],[9695],[9696] m hnh yn nga - [13029]
monzonit pyroxen - [12109] m khai thc ct - [13148]
monzonit thch anh - [12143],[12156] m khong - [9508]
monzonorit - [9697] m molybden porphyr - [11715]
mooihoekit hay muihoekit - [9698] m ngun gc magma - [8842],[8847]
mooreit hay mureit - [9701] m nhit dch - [7215]
moorhouseit hay murhuseit - [9702] m (cs) - [1452]
mopungit - [9703] m (khong sng) kh thnh - [11554]
morain hay moren - [9704] m pegmatit - [10990]
mordenit - [9706] m phong ha - [16732]
moreauit - [9707] m qung - [10414],[10428],[9311],[9317]
moreavit - [9708] m qung c zeolit - [17114]
morelandit - [9709] m qung ngun gc magma - [8850]
morenosit - [9710] m qung pluton - [11531]
morganit - [9711] m qung th sinh - [13401]
morinit - [9712] m st dng cho - [11764]

783
m st - [12542],[12547] mc chun - [12435]
m tn d - [12547] mc dng chy - [3714]
m tn d (sk) - [12542] mc cao - [1501],[1759]
m thch anh - [12153] mi lin h tng quan - [3462]
m thic porphyr - [11717] mi ni - [7787]
m urani porphyr - [11718] mt bn - [8254]
m xm nhp - [7585] mt bin th ca hydromica - [7328]
mm t nhn phc tp - [3166] mt u v cun lng - [15818]
mm hay mu li bi bin - [1442] mt t gy vi gc dc 90o - [16361]
mm ni - [3722] mt gc trong mt phng thng ng - [16353]
mc gai - [4702] mt h khe nt - [7797]
mc mm - [6080] mt hng - [10336]
mc xen - [7534] mt kiu him thy ca than bn c hnh thnh t c i
mc xen song song - [10842] - [13362]
mc xen vn ch - [6458] mt k thut lm tng thm tng phn ca nh -
mi - [8099],[8516] [3371]
mi ct - [3113] mt loi t trm tch - [16286]
Mi hp (Stenolaemata) - [14422] mt loi than bn thi - [640]
mi ngoi - [10553] mt loi turmalin - [4518]
mi trong - [7484] mt l - [9666]
mi trng - [4992] mt monadnock - [15637]
mi trng cng bn v hn - [13511] mt mu thm trn i - [10281]
mi trng n hi - [4820] mt nghing - [16076]
mi trng a cht - [6153] Mt san h n th hay mt v Trng l c dng chp -
mi trng ng nng cao - [6898] [15818]
mi trng kin to - [14688] mt pha - [16084]
mi trng trm tch - [13435] mt pha trong qu trnh thnh - [653]
mi vng vch - [10885] mt phn ca ng bng bi tch - [8615]
mn bng gi hc - [6285] mt phn ca khc un cong sng - [8615]
mn C ng vt khng xng sng - [7595] mt pha - [8254]
mn c sinh vt khng xng sng - [7594] mt phng phi vi nh nhn t v l nh vch v
mn a cht di su - [14815] Chng thuc b Tentaculitida - [15269]
mn a k thut - [6209] mt phng php biu din nh bng cch chia nh thnh
mn a vt l - [6197] cc tp hp mu c kch thc nh hn - [4483]
mn o c bn - [2381] mt qu trnh th hin nh bng cc thnh phn tn s -
mn o v a hnh - [15621] [5895]
mn Hang ng bng h - [6286] mt rnh - [9656],[9670]
mn hnh thi sng - [14597] mt tia - [9660]
mn hc a cht khng gian - [14150] mt trong nhng mt phng nh trn tng c b mt
mn hc kin to nh lng - [12131] phng - [1846]
mn hc sng bng - [6285] mt trong s h thng thm chn ni - [11286]
mn hc v hang ng - [14223],[14229] mt trc - [10336],[16070],[9638]
mn hc v ni la - [12085] mt ti kh - [9667]
mn hc v v - [3230] m m - [10429]
mn khoa hc trc a - [6128] m rng - [5305]
mn khong tng - [9517] mpororoit - [9783]
m bao lin kt - [3045] mroseit - [9784]
m b cng - [13309] muirit - [9802]
m bt - [4355] mukhinit - [9803]
m bt bin - [8258] mulion cu to dng chn song - [9804]
m bt kiu Lonsdaleia - [8677] mulit - [9806]
m t - [8010] munanait - [9755]
m t cao - [3483],[6697],[7998] mundic trng - [16831]
m hnh - [9595] mundit - [9818]
m hnh bin dng - [4371] mundrabilait - [9819]
m hnh n hi tng tc cht n- - [4821] munirit - [9820]
m hnh n hi v tng tc gia cht n- - [5296] mui amoniac - [13047],[13067]
m hnh hay kiu mng sng - [4511] mui bin - [13052]
m hnh ha - [9594] mui c v ng - [1670]
m hnh mng sng mc xch - [1326] mui - [12854]
m hnh n mn s tr - [3218] mui m - [6685]
m hnh ton hc ca Tri t - [9106] mui ph thng - [3144]
m hnh ton thng k - [14402] mui sulfua - [14850]
m hnh vt l - [11253] murambit - [9823]
m mng - [8171] muratait - [9824]
m nh - [9686] murchisonit - [9825]
m t li khoan - [8645] Murder - [9826]
m xng - [3047] murdochit - [9827]
m xng ngoi - [3042] murit - [9828]
m xng xp - [13308] murmanit - [9829]
m hc - [10815],[15108] murnskit - [9830]
mc - [1119] muromontit - [9831]

784
murunstit - [9832] mc nc rng - [8720],[8765]
Muschelkalk - [9833] mc tng dolomit S - [13344]
muscovit - [3142],[9838] mc thp - [8729]
mushistonit - [9840] mc ti a cho php - [9127]
muskoxit - [9842] mc - [8994]
muthmanit - [9843] mc bin nm ngang - [13364]
m - [2019] mc bin trung bnh - [9785]
ma tp trung - [135] mc chun - [3837]
ma tch t - [135] mc c s cui cng - [15984]
mn - [16637],[7055],[7082] mc c s ca sng - [1384]
mn khoan - [14282],[2696] mc nc - [8439]
mn st - [8127] mc nc bin - [13357]
mt chn khi trt - [8222] mc nc bin trung bnh - [9147]
mi - [10188],[3166] mc nc cao nht ca l - [6909]
mi bng - [7289] mc nc (trong ging - [16641]
mi bin - [13379] mc nc cng trung bnh - [9143],[9407]
mi bin chn - [1361] mc nc cng trung bnh ln nht - [9144],[9406]
mi ct nhn - [3723] mc nc di t - [6589]
mi cu to - [10188],[14701] mc nc ngm xc nh bng thit b o p lc nc -
mi dn - [4554] [11308]
mi t - [10024],[10945],[11017],[2223],[3722],[5798], mc nc rng trung bnh - [9145]
[6746],[9894],[9955] mc nc thp nht - [15070]
mi t nhn - [3725] mc nc tnh (mc thy tnh) - [14399]
Mi Ho Vng - [2224] mc nc trn b - [1316]
mi khoan - [1166],[1667],[4541] mc nc trung bnh - [9148],[9844]
mi khoan c dng xon - [6784] mc nc trung bnh nh nht - [9146],[9589]
mi khoan - [12827],[12883] mc thy tnh - [7205]
mi khoan vi thp cng (cha W) - [15887] mc thy triu cao nht - [6909]
mi khoan gn vi cn mm - [5771] mc triu trung bnh - [9787]
mi khoan kim cng - [4141] mc xm thc a phng - [8616]
mi khoan ly li bng kim cng - [4140] mylonit - [9845]
mi khoan mi - [5897] mylonit ha - [9848],[9849]
mi nh - [13051],[9859] myriclit - [9852]
mi nh c cc doi hai pha c hng ngc nhau - myrmekit - [9853]
[16900] myrmekitic - [9856]
mi vnh chn - [1429] myrmekit i perthit - [9854]
m ct phc tp - [3171] myrmekit-perthit - [9855]
m st - [7660] Mytilidae - [9857]
m hay nh (tinh th) - [15601] nabaphit - [9860]
m kh - [6029] nacaphit - [9861]
m khi trt - [8208] nacrit - [9863]
m san h - [3418] nadorit - [9864]
m st - [2218],[7640] naegit - [9865]
m st (sk) - [2248] nagashimalit - [9866]
ma - [11541] nagatelit - [9867]
ma acid - [154] nagyagit - [9869]
ma "mu" - [1735] nahcolit - [9870]
ma - [6671] nahpoit - [9871]
ma ni la - [16498] nakaurit - [9873]
ma ro - [2947] nambulit - [9877]
mng - [14581],[2191],[2612],[3869],[4498],[4519],[5818], namibit - [9878]
[7493],[8624] Namur - [9879]
mng t on - [2765] namuwit - [9880]
mng nh - [1025] nang - [3783],[595]
mng nc mch - [14327] nanligit - [9881]
mng thot - [4499] Napoleonville - [9887]
mng ti tiu - [7663] Nariz - [9890]
mng xi - [5027],[6638] narsarsukit - [9893]
Mi chn (Decapoda) - [3879] nasinit - [9895]
mn t (cctr) - [1825] nasledovit - [9896]
mc dng nc mao dn - [2240] nasonit - [9897]
mc nh nh nhau - [118] nastrophit - [9899]
mc nh ph hp - [118] natanit - [9900]
mc - [11121],[3932] natisit - [9902]
mc bin cht - [9347],[9349] natri (Na) - [14033]
mc dp v - [5858] natrit - [9908]
mc m bo tr lng khong sn - [9524] natroalunit - [9909]
mc phong ha - [16731],[16733] natroarosit - [9910]
mc tin cy - [3258] natrobistantit - [9911]
mc khc bit - [13530] natroborocalcit - [9912]
mc nng lng nhit - [15384] natrochalcit - [9913]
mc nhit - [15379] natrodufrenit - [9914]

785
natrofairchildit - [9915] neo cp - [2043]
natrojarosit - [9916] neo - [12829]
natrolit - [9917] neosom - [10001]
natromontebrasit - [9918] neostratotyp - [10002]
natron - [9919] nephelin - [10006]
natronisbit - [9920] nephelinit - [10009]
natrophilit - [9921] nephelinitoid - [10010]
natrophosphat - [9922] nephelinit sanidin - [13164]
natrosilit - [9923] nephelinolit - [10012]
natrotantit - [9924] nephelit - [10011]
naujait - [9949] nephrit - [10013]
naujakasit - [9950] neptuni (Np) - [10021]
naumanit - [9951] neptunit - [10020]
navajoit - [9954] neptunit mangan - [8951]
ny chi dit th m - [10892] nepuit - [10015]
ny tri ngoi xc tu - [5321] nesophitic - [10022]
no vt - [4494],[4525] nesquehonit - [10023]
np in - [2634] nevadit - [10047]
np li nc di t - [6574],[6598] nevskit - [10048]
np l mn (cctr) - [1709] newberyit - [10049]
nm n tinh - [5617] newlendit - [10052]
nm hot ng mt tri quc t - [7556] neyit - [10055]
nm thy vn - [7174] nn - [3213]
nng lng - [4961] nn bi trn - [8732]
nng lng b mt biu kin (cctr) - [891] nn cht - [15092]
nng lng bin dng - [14515] nn dc trc (cctr) - [1223]
nng lng bc x b mt - [7661] nn a trc (thng l 3 trc) - [9807]
nng lng d - [5235] nn n gin - [16032]
nng lng a nhit - [6219] nn p - [3150],[3205]
nng lng ng lc - [7976] nn p phng - [11412]
nng lng gii phng - [12495] nn khng n hng - [16032],[16073]
nng lng hot ha - [190] nn li - [12341]
nng lng nc - [16656] nn mt trc - [16032]
nng lng va - [16622] nn trc - [11813]
nng lc khc x - [12449],[12450],[12455] nt c trng ca a hnh - [15612]
nng sut - [4793] nm - [15599],[16745]
nm di - [16054] nm bc thu quang - [14434],[14436]
nm trong b hoc gn b (tt) - [7578] nm - [2927]
nm xen - [7540] nm hnh nn - [16115]
nn li ng b - [12354] nm nc mn - [13095]
np - [10371],[16246] nm thch anh - [12165]
np ming - [5062] nm thch anh i Wright - [16952]
np ngoi - [5063] nm thy triu - [15501]
np phc - [3195] nm trm tch - [9567]
np t do - [5886] nn - [11463],[1258],[1260],[1382],[1837],[6608],[9110]
np ym - [10371] nn bm c - [9835]
nng ln - [16133] nn bn l - [2337]
nng lc a - [4897] nn bng b bin - [13234]
nng tri - [16140],[16205] nn bng b do mi mn - [13709]
nng tri t - [6764] nn bng - [14486]
nng tri mt t - [6763] nn bng mi do sng - [16716]
Nm - [5959] nn bng mi mn - [9034]
ny chi - [6080] nn bng mi mn do sng - [9043]
nebulit - [9962] nn bng thung lng - [16228]
necronit - [9967] nn chn do sng to nn - [16704]
nefedovit - [9969] nn do sng to nn - [16692]
neighborit - [9979] nn bng phng - [13668]
nekoit - [9980] nn mi mn do sng - [16701],[16702]
nekrasovit - [9981] nn t p - [8811]
nelenit - [9982] nn t mn - [8811]
nelsonit - [9983] nn i triu thp - [8715]
neltnerit - [9984] nn ng - [12814]
nenadkevichit - [9986] nn gai - [92]
nenadkevit - [9987] nn ha tan - [14111]
neo - [684] nn khe lng - [10194]
neoblast - [9988] nn mi mn - [38]
Neocen - [9989] nn mc tay - [3605]
Neocom - [9990] nn sng v - [6910]
neody (Nd) - [9992] nn tm tay (cs) - [1882]
Neogaea - [9994] nn trc chu th - [3955]
Neogen - [9995] np - [11482],[12684]
Neolithic - [10053] np ct - [3112]

786
np nh - [16014] np un tng t - [13846]
np gp ca vch ngoi - [4754] np un tng t ngc - [12608]
np lm - [15000] np un vm nhn - [13614]
np lm lin quan vi t gy - [12264] np un vng tht nt - [9964]
np lm nghing - [11524] np un yn nga - [13028]
np lm vin - [12724] ngang - [8254]
np li - [819] ngnh cng trnh ngm - [15901]
np li bc 2 - [14801] ngnh khoa hc v qu - [6079]
np li cun - [12887] ngnh m - [9546]
np li dng np lm - [15005] ngy mi trng th gii - [16947]
np li dng yn - [13026] ngch t nhin - [9946]
np li dn ngc - [12611] ng ba sng - [1579],[3266],[8509]
np li lin quan vi t gy - [12262] ng ba sui - [16672]
np li mui - [13071] ngn - [2495],[2498],[7120]
np li nghing - [11518] ngn - [2072]
np li phc - [820] ngn hng - [1311]
np li tn d - [12543] ngm - [3625]
np li th cp - [14801] ngm - [7439]
np nhn - [16954] ngp - [7586]
np nhn (cs) - [12684] ngp nc hoc nn mi mn - [13668]
np on - [13852] ngho ha - [4234]
np tng trng - [6619] nghing - [113],[16141],[2900]
np un - [16954],[5763] nghing (gc nghing) - [10223]
np un bnh thng - [10164],[10168] nghing pha sau - [10381]
np un cm bnh thng - [11523] nghing pha trn (cs) - [652]
np un cm nghing - [11521] nghing v ngang - [11370]
np un ct - [13627],[13946] nghin cu a nhit - [6225]
np un cho - [14794] nghin cu h thng sng sui c xa - [10693]
np un chng - [14887] nghin cu kh thi - [5442]
np un chng cht - [14896] nghin cu kh thi chi tit - [4071]
np un chc u - [11371] nghin cu khng nh - [279]
np un ch S - [13591] nghin cu s b - [12344]
np un c cng cc phng ko di - [115] nghin cu tin kh thi - [11817]
np un dng ch S - [13775] nghin - [3610],[6442]
np un dng lm - [15004] nghin - [3610]
np un dng vm - [12135] nghin qung (bng tay) - [1981]
np un dch dc (zigzag) - [8000] nghim thu - [101]
np un do mt mng - [14909] nghch chm - [16058]
np un dc - [14647] nghch chm dc - [16139]
np un o - [10597],[13972] nghch o - [7592]
np un ng nghing - [13846] nghch hng - [10226]
np un i xng - [10168],[14970] nghch t - [4136]
np un do trt - [13972] Ngh nh th Kyoto - [8092]
np un n - [13852] Ngh nh th Montreal - [9688]
np un gy - [7984] Ngh nh th Montreal v cc cht lm suy gim tng
np un k tha - [14794] ozon (gi tt l Ngh nh th Montreal) - [9689]
np un khng i xng - [1124] ngoi m tiu - [12412]
np un khp u - [115] ngoi b xng - [5057]
np un kiu vm - [11401] ngoi khi bin thm - [82]
np un lin quan vi t gy chm nghch - [14880] ngoi trc - [11]
np un ln-fold - [8917] ngonh pha sau - [10382]
np un lu bin - [12623],[12627] ngoi b - [4751]
np un nm - [12360] ngoi lai - [479],[5264]
np un nm ngang - [10142] ngoi phn - [5265]
np un nghing - [11521],[11522] ngoi sc - [478]
np un nh - [13978],[9560] ngoi skarn - [5261]
np un phn nhnh - [16417] ngon ngho - [9727]
np un ph - [11401] ngi - [12989],[12990],[15451],[3534]
np un ph vi cc im cao nht vng quanh - [16062] ngi nh - [7946]
np un sinh sau - [11734] ngn - [5590]
np un song song - [10841],[13846] ngc - [6072]
np un ti trng - [8603] ngc bch dng s - [11687]
np un thng ng - [16132],[16362] ngc n - [14087]
np un theo phng - [14647] ngc hc - [6083],[6085]
np un th ch ct - [13624] ngc M - [618]
np un th cp - [10864],[13406],[14803] ngc thch - [7737]
np un th sinh - [11734],[14794] ngn - [3598]
np un trng lc - [6494] ngn - [6743],[850]
np un trc xoay - [12943] ngn (cs) - [864]
np un trt - [13627],[13946] ngn ng lp trnh - [11910]
np un trt khi - [13971] ngun - [14138],[8994]
np un trt tri - [13876] ngun b cp phn hi - [12482]

787
ngun ng vt - [17213],[17214],[17216] nh a cht du kh - [11154]
ngun gy ng sut trong t - [14140] nh a cht thy vn - [7155]
ngun gc a kin to - [6211] nh a ha hc - [6112]
ngun gc hnh thi hc - [9714] nh a l - [6134]
ngun gc kh thnh - [11550] nh a tng - [14538]
ngun gc Tri t - [6132] nh a vt l - [6196]
ngun granit - [6429] nh hang ng hc - [14222],[14228]
ngun ha hc - [2663] nh khong vt hc - [9516]
ngun l nc lnh - [3065] nh my sng v phn loi - [13336]
ngun n - [13723] nh ngc hc - [6082]
ngun ni la - [16511] nh ni la hc - [16509],[16513]
ngun nc chn vch - [13240] nh thch hc - [11147]
ngun nc cha bnh - [9170] nh trc a - [6127]
ngun nc c chn sn tch t vn - [15088] nho trn - [340]
ngun nc hang ng - [5303] nhnh - [14335]
ngun nc khong - [14148] nhnh chn trong - [4947]
ngun nc lu hunh - [14855] nhnh chi ngoi - [5259]
ngun nc sulfur - [14855] nhnh ct - [2059]
ngun phng x - [12206] nhnh gai ni - [2803]
ngun phun nc di bin - [14780] nhnh gai xng - [2809]
ngun ti sinh - [1182] nhnh mc (cs) - [686]
ngun to sng a chn c hc - [15472] nhnh ngang ca dy i hoc ni - [10281]
ngun tuf (thuc v tuf) - [15866] nhnh ni - [1017]
ngui - [12169] nhnh ni chm - [10605]
ngurumanit - [10056] nhnh sng - [4372]
nguyn khai - [12316] nhnh sng khng c nc thng xuyn - [1715]
nguyn liu - [9102] nhnh sng sui - [1892]
nguyn liu khong - [9522] nhnh vng ca sng - [16225],[651]
nguyn liu th - [12318] nho - [10449]
nguyn l i xng - [14980] nht - [5896]
nguyn l Huygen - [7100] nhy - [13525]
nguyn sinh - [11868],[7827] nhn - [2395]
nguyn thy - [11874] nhn m tiu - [12415]
nguyn t chnh - [8916] nhn lc a - [3345]
nguyn t ch th - [7399] Nhn sinh - [813],[814]
nguyn t ch th gin tip - [7406] nhn t thm lc - [8361]
nguyn t ch th trc tip - [4277] nhn vin ha - [2376]
nguyn t dinh dng a lng - [8800] nhn chm - [14748]
nguyn t dinh dng vi lng - [9454] nhp nhy hay pht la (ngc) - [13304]
nguyn t him - [9559] nhn - [101]
nguyn t phng x t nhin - [9943] nhn dng k t - [10262]
nguyn t ph - [105] nht k thc a - [5550]
nguyn t sinh - [11143] nhiu rnh - [3103]
nguyn t sinh khong - [9326] nhim bn vi khun - [1268]
nguyn t sinh kim - [9326] nhim mn - [13072]
nguyn t t sinh - [9903] nhiu - [10122],[14882]
nguyn t vt - [105],[15664] nhiu nh - [13070]
nguyn t vi lng-vi nguyn t - [9433] nhiu x bt - [11781]
ngng t mao dn - [2230] nhiu x bt tia X - [17005]
ngi iu tra - [11937] nhiu x tia X - [16998]
ngi c quyn khai thc m - [2812] nhit p k a cht - [15396]
ngi ghi chp - [12347] nhit dch - [7213]
ngi nghin cu v a cht - [6158] nhit dung - [15380]
ngi n mn cho thm d a chn - [13695] nhit - [15233]
ngi thm him hang ng - [2473] nhit ng hc - [15400]
ngi thm d - [11937] nhit cao - [9191]
ngi theo di kt qu th nghim - [12347] nhit ng ha - [6988]
ngi theo thuyt granit ha - [15686],[6428] nhit thp - [5065]
ngi theo thuyt ha thnh - [11538] nhit va - [9270]
ngi theo thuyt magma - [8856] nhit pht quang - [15411]
ngi theo thuyt phi magma - [828] nhit phng x - [12202]
ngi theo thuyt tai bin - [2417] nh - [14365]
ngi theo thuyt thy sinh - [10018] nhp - [12670]
ngi v bn - [2376] nhm alophan - [497]
ngng - [10075],[8004] nhm dike - [4225]
ngng ct - [13118] nhm dolomit - [4429]
ngng gi tr gii hn - [15457] nhm sinh vt khng xng sng - [95]
ngng trc - [5928] nhm jasper - [7757]
ngng vch chn lc a - [3333] nhm khe nt - [13575],[7797]
nh cm x hc - [4489] nhm khng gian - [14151]
nh c sinh vt - [10713] nhm my - [9810]
nh a chn - [13483] nhm ni - [9763]

788
nhm phn hoa c l phc tp - [10180] niobo aesynit - [10095]
nhm sinh cnh - [1600] niobophylit - [10096]
nhm tp hp - [3082] niocalit - [10097]
nhm than nn - [2210] nisbit - [10099]
nhm tng - [5348] nisonit - [10100]
nh - [10098],[5589],[7949] niter - [10101]
nhn - [149],[1563],[8110] nitratin - [10102]
nhn hp - [8409] nitre - [10103]
nhm (Al) - [568] nitrobarit - [10104]
nh ln - [4898] nitrocalcit - [10105]
nh ra - [11020] nitrogen (N) - [10106]
nhu cu oxy - [10634] nitromagnesit - [10108]
nhu cu oxy ha hc - [2656] nitrophyt - [10109]
nhu cu oxy sinh ha - [1598],[1763] 115] : ct thy lc - [hydraul]
nhu cu oxy sinh hc - [1623] 970] : quang m - [optics]
nhu cu oxy ton phn - [15986],[16113] 8 tetrachlorodibenzo p dioxin) - [15138]
nh - [4560] no - [13201]
nh vi - [2081] nobleit - [10116]
nh bt - [5399] nocerit (fluoborit) - [10117]
nh - [12867] nolanit - [10126]
nh vi - [2097] nonesit - [10137]
nh xi mn - [1912] nontronit - [10149]
nhng i biu c nht thuc ging Tenitaculites - [15269] norbergit - [10150]
nhng mu sc m c to ra khi tr mu ban u t mu nordenskioldin - [10151]
trng - [14822] nordfieldit - [10152]
nhng nguyn t thit yu (EEs) - [5142] nordit - [10153]
nhng nhn t k thut - [15147] nordmarkit - [10154]
nhng nhn t nhn sinh - [846] nordsjoit - [10155]
nhng nhn t nhn to - [8986] nordstrandit - [10156]
nha - [11366],[16723] Nori - [10157]
nha dn Canaa - [2186],[2187] norit - [10158]
nha ng - [1088] norit thch anh - [12157]
nha ng (cctr) - [1671] norsetit - [10183]
nha h phch - [608] northfieldit - [10184]
nha khong - [9525] northupit - [10187]
Niagara - [10057] nosean - [10189]
niahit - [10058] noseanit - [10190]
nickelbischofit - [10071] noselitit - [10191]
nickelblodit - [10072] novacekit - [10196]
nickelhexahydrit - [10073] novakit - [10197]
nickelin - [10074] nowackit - [10198]
nickel ng - [3407] nc - [1248]
nickel (Ni) - [10062] ni v cc trn pha nng tri ca t gy - [16118]
nickel st - [10065] ni v kin trc ht bin tinh ca bin cht - [6449]
nickel skuterudit - [10068] ni v magma - [13808]
nickel son - [10066] Ni v mt san h n th hnh chp c hai cnh m
nicol - [10076] rng u n t nh theo mt gc khong 40 - [15818]
nicol phn cc - [11617] ni v mt v Trng l c cc phng cun xon - [15818]
nicol phn tch - [668] ni v sinh vt sng trong t silic - [13810]
nicol trc giao - [3595] nng chy - [5968]
nicopirit - [10078] nng chy chn lc - [13490]
nicromit - [10060] nng chy do va p - [13690]
nin biu a t - [6169] nng chy phn d - [4203]
nin i a tng - [15537] nn p lc a hnh - [3253]
nin i a tng hc - [2750] nn bi tch - [3250],[3252],[4572],[508],[6804]
nin i sinh vt - [1601] nn bn - [9794]
nin i tuyt i - [49] nn bi - [4290]
nin lch - [17032] nn ct - [13128]
nin thiu - [7349] nn chu th - [3951]
nifontovit - [10079] nn geyser - [6236]
nigerit - [10080] nn gim p - [3251]
niglit - [10084] nn karst - [7879]
nigritit - [10086] nn l tch - [1205]
niken trng - [16832] nn mnh vn - [3872]
niklesit - [10087] nn nh - [9686]
niligongit - [10088] nn (qut) bi tch - [512]
nimesit - [10089] nn ni la - [16460]
nimit - [10090] nn ni la ven b - [8579]
ningyoit - [10091] nn phn tng - [14535]
niningerit - [10092] nn phng vt - [512],[5389]
niobi (Nb) - [10094] nn phng vt bin thm - [79]
niobit - [10093] nn phng vt di bin su - [3905]

789
nn phng vt y i dng - [77] ni dng khi - [1726]
nn phng vt l tch - [15086] ni dng vm - [4445]
nn phc tp - [3183] ni gia bng h - [10210]
nn ra la - [16583] ni hnh kim ngoi bin - [9044]
nn ra tri - [10570] ni o - [7672]
nn st ln - [3251] ni ng thc ven bin - [9728]
nn tch t vn - [15085] ni i st c nh bng - [9250]
nn trm tch - [4290] ni n khi - [1726]
nn trm tch bin thm - [77] ni n l - [263]
nn tro ni la - [2774] ni g mt bn - [9250]
nn x - [2774] ni kin to mt bn - [2178]
n c lt ct ngang i xng hoc khng i xng - ni kiu cao nguyn - [11456]
[15717] ni lin hp - [3168]
nn khoan - [1812] ni la - [16459],[5125]
nng - [13668] ni la n bm (k sinh) - [8254]
nng hc - [355] ni la bn - [8777],[9799]
nng gy cht (LC50) - [8414] ni la bn phun bn mui - [13060]
nng ion hydro - [7148] ni la c - [693]
nng ti a c th chp nhn - [9122],[9123] ni la dng khin - [8773]
ni - [1589] ni la dng t - [10025]
ni tip - [14823] ni la dng v - [8937]
nt r li ti - [12045] ni la di y bin - [14779]
n - [10124],[4075] ni la hnh khin - [13678]
ni - [5686] ni la hot ng - [201]
n kh (cctr) - [376] ni la hc - [16514]
n mn - [1707] ni la hp phn - [3201]
n mn bng in - [4832] ni la khe nt - [5610]
n mn ct trc - [11825] ni la khng hot ng - [7363]
n mn c kim sot - [3374] ni la kiu Scotch - [13319]
n mn dc bin - [11080] ni la k sinh - [10865]
n mn pht sng a chn - [13694] ni la Mamelon - [8937]
n mn m (cctr) - [1989] ni la mi - [10005]
n mn a chn - [5291] ni la nh - [11376],[8937]
n mn khai thc - [11899] ni la ng (phun ra) - [16144]
n mn ph hoc khai thc - [1701] ni la phn tng - [14535],[14572]
n mn sn xut - [11899] ni la phi thai - [4891]
n mn s cp - [11849] ni la tt - [4461],[5314]
n mn to thm (cctr) - [1500] ni la tng - [14572]
ni b - [4934] ni mt bn - [15046],[6748]
ni dung - [3327] ni ngm gia bin - [9479]
ni ng bng - [7537] ni ngm gia i dng - [9482]
ni i - [4958] ni ni cao trn bn bnh nguyn - [15637]
ni nhit - [15401] ni rng lc - [3124]
ni th - [4953] ni san h - [3428]
ni chy ra - [4897] ni san h dng qu m - [7994]
ni che chn cho tu thuyn - [6737] ni st - [12500],[7995]
ni hp dng - [3266] ni st bn bnh nguyn c - [2430]
ni khai thc - [12136] ni st karst - [7047],[7890]
ni l - [10549] ni to thnh do t gy - [5414]
ni tch t - [11384] ni thp - [3483]
ni trng by (bo tng) qu - [6079] ni tch t - [134]
ni - [3892] ni tch t ng thc - [9765]
n - [14953],[2000] ni tr - [17072]
nsutit - [10199] ni trc - [263]
nuclid ngun gc v tr - [3476] ni v lng cho hoang mc - [9757]
Nuculoidea - [10202] nt - [10118],[11492]
Nuevoleon - [10203] nt mui - [13086]
nufieldit - [10204] nt thung lng - [16239]
nukundamit - [10205] nt trng (kv) - [6947]
nulaginit - [10207] N bin (Blastoidea) (cs) - [1712]
Nummulit - [10209] nc - [16603]
ni - [11017],[12277],[1519],[2669],[5469],[7762],[8031], nc artesi - [1054],[1055]
[9756],[9769] nc n mn - [202],[338]
ni Alps - [543] nc bo ho - [16652]
ni bng tri - [7287] nc bng tan - [9224]
ni bin v - [9768] nc bin cht - [9353]
ni bc mn - [2791],[9767] nc b treo - [16570]
ni bc mn quanh - [9766] nc chy ra - [10563]
ni cao - [538] nc chy trn u - [13651]
ni cong li lim (hnh trng khuyt) - [8752] nc chn vi - [3281],[5832],[9906]
ni c tuyt ph quanh nm - [543] nc chun - [10179]
ni c - [10302] nc copenhagen - [3400]

790
nc c p - [11302] nc thy ho - [16649]
nc cng - [6720] nc thy hp - [16649]
nc dng - [291] nc thy phn - [7108]
nc di t - [14817],[14821],[16053],[6573] nc thng tng - [11054]
nc di t c p - [3263] nc tn ng - [16651]
nc di t c nh - [5618] nc tn lu - [12581]
nc bm - [16593] nc treo - [11054],[11056]
nc p - [16646] nc triu - [15507]
nc gn kt - [1851] nc trong i thng kh - [16214]
nc ging - [16787] nc trng lc - [6486],[6504]
nc hp ph - [253] nc tri - [10550],[1782]
nc hp th - [59] nc trung dng - [9272]
nc hnh thnh do in trng thin nhin - [15221] nc t - [3867]
nc hi quy - [12601] nc t do - [5882],[5888]
nc hn hp - [9585] nc t lu - [1054]
nc kt tinh - [16647] nc ung - [4550]
nc khe nt - [16685],[5613] nc ung c - [11743]
nc kh quyn - [1139],[9395] nc ven ra - [4767]
nc khong - [9533] nc vi - [8479]
nc khong ng chai - [1836] nc v hiu - [16025]
nc khong ha - [9512] nt - [5607]
nc khong nng - [15394] nt n - [5857],[5858]
nc khong thin nhin - [9940] nt n hnh cu - [14244]
nc khong thin nhin cha kh CO2 t nhin - [9939] nt n khu vc - [12463]
nc khng p - [16035],[16036],[5882] nt v gn nh nm ngang - [14762]
nc kh - [16648] na chiu rng - [6683]
nc kim - [465] na chu k trm tch - [6805]
nc kit - [8720],[8765] Na dy sng - [6803]
nc lng - [14465] na kt tinh - [13510],[9566]
nc lin kt - [11021],[1153],[1154],[5961] na pegmatit - [13513]
nc lon dinh dng - [4655] na t hnh - [14759]
nc l hng - [11693],[7533],[7568] na v ngoi - [5068]
nc l - [10550] na xoang - [6802]
nc l - [1887] nyerereit - [10212]
nc l - [16628] on - [16575],[16577]
nc lu hunh - [14856] oboyerit - [10224]
nc lu thng - [12992] obruchevit - [10225]
nc magma - [16506],[8853] obsidian - [10231]
nc mao dn - [2243] obsidianit - [10234]
nc mng mng - [11013],[231],[5569] oceanit - [10255]
nc mt Pele - [11003] ocher nickel - [10066]
nc mn - [13059],[13091] ocher (son) mu vng - [17043]
nc mt - [14920] Ocho - [10260]
nc mm - [14046] ocoee - [10261]
nc moong - [12138] ocr en - [1687]
nc mui - [13091],[1932] ocr wolfram - [16923]
nc mui a nhit - [6218] octahedrit - [10267]
nc nng - [6768] octahedron nhm - [574]
nc ngm - [11232],[11234],[16035],[16036] octaphylit - [10269]
nc ngho dinh dng - [10311] odanielit - [10272]
nc nguyn sinh - [11536],[7828],[8853] odenit - [10273]
nc nguyn thy - [11872] Oedometer - [3308]
nc ngc - [1266] ofretit - [10280]
nc nht - [5898] ogdensburgit - [10289]
nc nhit dch - [7221] ojuelait - [10294]
nc nhc dng - [4655] okait - [10295]
nc nng (thin nhin) - [15393] okenit - [10296]
nc nng - [13608] oldhamit - [10299]
nc ni la - [16506] Olenek - [10303]
nc bn nhn chm - [11517] olenit - [10328]
nc phc hi - [1266] olgit - [10305]
nc su - [3906] Oligocen - [10307]
nc sulfur - [14856] oligoclasit - [10308]
nc ti sinh - [12485] oligophyr - [10309]
nc tm t - [16650] oligosit - [10310]
nc thi - [13586],[16602] olivenit - [10312]
nc thi c x l - [15729] olivin - [10313]
nc thi th - [12321] olivinit - [10326]
nc thm - [7446] olivin calci - [2115]
nc thm lu - [16618] olivin cha st - [7647]
nc th - [12322] olivin trng - [16833]
nc th nhng - [14064] olivin vi - [8474]

791
olivinoid - [10327] orthophyr - [10513]
olmsteadit - [10329] orthophyric - [10514]
olsacherit - [10330] orthopinakiolit - [10515]
olshanskyit - [10331] orthopyroxen - [10516]
olympit - [10332] orthopyroxenit - [10517]
omphacit - [10334] orthos - [10520]
Onesquethaw - [10337] orthosit - [10521]
onix hang ng - [2469] ortlerit - [10525]
onofrit - [10340] orvietit - [10526]
onokoid - [10341] Osag - [10527]
Onondagan - [10342] osarisit - [10528]
onoratoit - [10343] osarizawait - [10529]
Ontar - [10346] osbornit - [10530]
opal - [10352] osipit - [10538]
opalin - [10354] osmi (Os) - [10535]
opalit - [10355] osmiridi - [10534]
opal-agat - [10353] osteolit - [10539]
opal g - [16939] ostrait - [10542]
opal ht trai - [10957] osumilit - [10543]
opal la - [14869] (s) xy k - [5562]
opal mu en - [1688] otajanit - [10545]
opal ngc bch - [7756] otavit - [10544]
opal nha - [11367],[12564],[16724] otemanit - [10546]
opal nc - [16654] ouenit - [10547]
opal qu - [11808] ourayit - [10548]
opal sc s nhiu mu - [11337] overit - [10600]
opal sa - [9491] owyheeit - [10624]
opal trng - [16834] oxamit - [10625]
opal trng s - [2048] Oxford - [10628]
opal vng - [6350] oxid ch mu vng - [11498]
ophicalcit - [10373] oxid ng - [11368]
ophicarbonat - [10374] oxid ng dng mu hc n - [11375]
ophiolit - [10375] oxid ng - [12393]
ophit - [10377] oxid Fe-Mn - [16548]
ophitic - [10378] oxid km - [12394]
ophthalmit - [10379] oxid nhm - [575]
Opisthobranchia - [10380] oxid nhm (Al2O3) - [565]
orangit - [10398] oxoferrit - [10629]
oranit - [10399] oxymesostasis - [10636]
orbit - [10401] oxyophitic - [10637]
orcelit - [10402] oxy ha tan - [4412]
ordanchit - [10403] oxy ha tan (trong nc) - [4361]
ordonezit - [10408] oxy ha - [10631]
ordosit - [10409] oxy (O) - [10632]
Ordovic - [10410] oyelit - [10638]
oregonit - [10437] ozon ha - [10641]
Orellan - [10441] - [2495],[2498]
Orenburgi - [10444] ng c v chng sa mc ha - [3382]
orendit - [10445] c s - [16087]
organoclorin - [10460] c s nguyn thu - [11871]
orientit - [10470] nhim khng kh - [372]
Oriskan - [10474] nhim (nhim bn) - [11641],[3324]
ornoit - [10477] nhim (nhim bn) nc di t - [6580],[6596]
orpheit - [10487] nhim nhit - [15390]
orpiment - [12391] nhim nng nghip - [352]
Orthida - [10488] nhim ting n - [10123]
ortho - [10489] nhim trng - [16835]
orthoamphibol - [10490] nhim trong nh - [7413]
orthoandesit - [10491] n - [10122]
orthoantigorit - [10492] ng - [15857]
Orthoceras - [10494] ng bm nc - [16589]
orthochamorit - [10495] ng bn khoan - [9793]
orthochlorit (orthoclorit) - [10496] ng chng - [2390]
orthochrysotil - [10498] ng chng c l - [11069]
orthoclas - [10499],[3141] ng chng (dng trong khoan) - [2388]
orthoclasit - [10500] ng chng thnh ging - [16776]
orthoclas natri - [14027],[8730] ng cha mu li n - [13871]
orthodom - [10503] ng cha mu li ko ln c bng ti dy thp (t bn
orthoericsonit - [10505] trong cn khoan) - [16904]
orthofelsit - [10506] ng c u thu - [6744]
orthoferosilit - [10507] ng cung bm - [10975]
ortho-pyroxenit olivin - [10320] ng dm kt - [1918]

792
ng dn dung nham di ni la - [11347] palagonit ha - [10664]
ng dn mandrel - [8947] palarstanit - [10665]
ng dung nham - [8323],[8324] palasit - [10756]
ng dung nham b sp - [8322] paleoblast - [10675]
ng y phng - [3412] Paleocen - [10679]
ng o p - [11306] Paleogen - [10694]
ng o p lc nc (cctr) - [360] paleophyr - [10718]
ng o p lc nc chy in - [4841] paleosom - [10727]
ng o p lc nc kn - [2940] paleotyp - [10735]
ng o p lc nc m - [10364] Paleozoi - [10739]
ng o mc nc ngm - [14376] palermoit - [10742]
ng ng - [12777] palmierit - [10761]
ng gia mnh - [15028] palygorskit - [10765]
ng hai lp - [4477] panasqueisait - [10773]
ng ha tan - [14109] pandait - [10778]
ng hng - [14482] panethit - [10779]
ng khoan (cctr) - [1349] Pangea - [10781]
ng ly li khoan - [3436] Pannon - [10784]
ng ly mu - [13111] panplan ha - [10786]
ng ly mu t thnh mng - [15422] panthalas - [10788]
ng ly mu hai lp - [4477] paolovit - [10789]
ng ly mu Shelby c thnh mng - [13661] papa - [10790]
ng lc - [11069],[16783] papagoit - [10791]
ng lng - [13929] para - [10794]
ng mao dn - [2227],[2242] para-alumohydrocalcit - [10795]
ng mu nn - [14727] para-autunit - [10796]
ng nn - [5995] parabutlerit - [10799]
ng ni - [13929] paracelsian - [10800]
ng ni la - [16468],[2690],[4167] parachrysotil - [10802]
ng phn - [11637] paracoquimbit - [10808]
ng qung - [10447] paracostibit - [10809]
ng siphon - [13898] paradamit - [10811]
ng thot nc nm ngang - [7010] paradiagenetic - [10813]
ng thi - [1738] paradocrasit - [10814]
ng thu nc - [6744] parafin - [10818]
ng thy chun - [16641] paragonit - [10824]
ng trong siphon - [4950] paraguanajuatit - [10825]
- [11561],[2004] parahilgardit - [10826]
- [592],[595] parahopeit - [10827]
n nh - [1091],[14340],[8475] parajamesonit - [10828]
n nh v kch thc - [4239] parakeldyshit - [10829]
a hnh - [5245] paralaurionit - [10830]
gi trng - [5029] paralic - [10832]
lng dng chn - [4465] paramelaconit - [10854]
lu hunh - [14854] paramontroseit - [10856]
magma - [11564] paranatrolit - [10857]
ngn - [3792] parapierotit - [10858]
ng - [3792] pararamelsbergit - [10859]
qung - [10424] pararealgar - [10860]
qung giu ring l - [11566] paraschachnerit - [10862]
san h dng chp - [15817] paraschoepit - [10863]
san h n th - [3430] parastratotyp - [10868]
tr - [2198] parasymplesit - [10869]
trng c lp - [7384] paratacamit - [10870]
ty rng - [12025] parataxit - [10871]
cao ln - [14878] paratelurit - [10874]
cao ln hn - [14878] paratyp - [10877]
di nc - [907] paraumbit - [10878]
ra - [4363] paravauxit - [10879]
trn trc - [221] parawolastonit - [10880]
pabastit - [10643] parchetit - [10881]
pagodit - [10654] pargasit - [10884]
pahoehoe - [10656] parisit - [10887]
Pahrump - [10657] parkerit - [10889]
painit - [10658] parsetenit - [10893]
pakihi - [10661] parsonit - [10894]
pakonenit - [10642] partheit - [10895]
paladi (Pd) - [10750] partzit - [10908]
paladoarsenid - [10753] parwelit - [10909]
paladobismutharsenid - [10754] Pascal - [10910]
paladseit - [10755] pascoit - [10911]
palagonit - [10662] pass - [10913]

793
Pasteu ha - [10920] petrovicit - [11166]
pat - [10922] petrovskait - [11167]
paternoit - [10924] petzit - [11169]
paulingit - [10929] pha - [11185]
paulkerit - [10930] pha bng h y ca chu trnh c kh hu - [11478]
pavonit - [10934] pha ct bi - [13830]
paxit - [10935] pha cc tiu - [9543]
pearceit - [10953] pha kt thc (ng t) - [15066]
pearlit - [10954] pha kch pht - [10890]
pecorait - [10963] pha long - [4234]
pectolit - [10965] pha nguyn thu - [11861]
pediment - [10977] pha sau to ni - [11739]
pediment b phn - [10898] phacolit - [11172]
pediment chn vi - [3223] phamarcosiderit natri - [14041]
pediment ha - [10978] phanerit- hin tinh - [11173]
pediment khng c aluvi - [14733] Phanerozoi (lin i) - [11178]
pediment mi mn - [16700] phannouxit - [11179]
pediplan - [10984] Phao bin (Cystoidea) - [3785]
pediplan ha - [10983] Phao vng (Cyclocystoidae) - [3767]
pegmatioit - [10994] pharaonit - [11181]
pegmatit - [10988],[10989] pharmacolit - [11182]
pegmatit ho - [10993] pharmacosiderit - [11183]
pegmatolit - [10995] phay nghch - [16139]
pegmatophyr - [10996] ph bng n mn - [13726]
pegmatophyric - [10997] ph hoi - [5358]
peisleyit - [10999] ph hng - [5358]
pekoit - [11000] ph hy - [17185],[1912],[4070],[5358]
pelhamin - [11004] ph hy ct - [13626],[13628]
pelit - [11007] ph hy ca khi cng - [12708]
pelyit - [11014] ph hy dng cung trn - [2783]
penantit - [11036] ph hy deuteric - [14987]
pendant - [11020] ph hy do nn - [3208]
penfieldit - [11029] ph hy do thm - [13447]
penginit - [11030] ph hy dn (cctr) - [1942]
penikavarit - [11032] ph hy v p do thm nc - [13447]
penikisit - [11031] ph hy gii hn bi hai mt phng - [5360]
peninit - [11037] ph hy h - [10608]
penitent - [11034] ph hy mi dc - [13957]
penkvilksit - [11035] ph hy mi dc dng khi nm (trong ) - [16746]
penroseit - [11040] ph hy nn ca mi dm - [3214]
Pensylvani - [11038] ph hy nhanh dn mi dc - [11914]
Pensylvania - [11038] ph hy phng - [11413]
pentagonit - [11041] ph hy tm - [1983]
pentahydrit - [11042] ph hy thy lc - [7119]
pentahydroborit - [11043] ph vn - [2401]
pentlandit - [11045] php tuyn sng - [16712]
pentlandit cobalt - [2990] pht hunh quang - [5721]
Penuti - [11046] pht trin bn vng (pht trin lu bn) - [14927]
perhamit - [11072] pht trin ng iu - [16078]
periclin - [11073] pht trin m - [10429]
peridotit - [11077],[8448] pht trin (nc ngm) - [4093]
peridotit hornblend - [7019] pht trin phi sinh - [19]
peridotit pyroxen - [12110] phn lc li - [12457]
perierit - [11115] phn ng - [6568]
peristerit - [11092] phn ng cn bng tin - [10030]
perit - [11094] phn ng ca nn di tc ng ca ngoi lc - [6555]
perlialit - [11096] phn ng ca nn t - [6566]
perlit - [10959],[11097] phn ng kh nc - [3938]
perlofit - [11099] phn ng ng thi - [1739]
permanit - [10998] phn ng trao i - [5240]
permingeatit - [11111] phn x ca sng - [16718]
perofskit - [11113] phn x k - [12445]
perovskit - [11114] phn x lp - [9813]
persalic - [11117] phn x nhiu ln - [9813]
persemic - [11118] phm vi - [12277],[8480]
perthit - [11124] phm vi b chim bi cc tng c th - [10567]
perthit pyroxen - [12113] phm vi b chu nh hng ca triu - [15504]
perthosit - [11127] phm vi dn-do (cctr) - [1940]
perxenic - [11130] phm vi a tng - [14556],[15532]
peryit - [11116] phm vi t gy - [5415]
petarasit - [11132] phm vi phn b - [4384]
petrologen - [11159] phm vi thi gian - [15540]

794
phng - [5642] phn loi Levinxon-Lesing - [8640]
phng-li - [11428] phn loi Nigli - [10085]
phn bc - [14808] phn loi shand - [13611]
phn bit tn hiu - [13778] phn loi sinh a tng - [1628]
phn b - [14721],[4379] phn loi thch a tng - [8572]
phn b chun - [4381] phn loi thi a tng - [2746]
phn b chun loga - [4380],[8647] phn loi Troger - [15822]
phn b chun nh phn - [4375] phn loi Wolff - [16528]
phn b a tng - [14556] phn lot - [14758]
phn b ht - [6388] phn lp - [14534],[1473],[8172],[8339]
phn b khe nt - [4311] phn lp ct nhau - [3588]
phn b logarit - [8643] phn lp cp ht - [6391]
phn b ti trng tng tng - [5549] phn lp chnh hp - [10835],[3232]
phn b tn sut tch ly - [3683] phn lp c dng phng - [8182]
phn b theo chun Fisher - [4378] phn lp dch gn sng - [12761]
phn b theo chun Student - [14721] phn lp dng chy - [3711]
phn b theo hm m - [5298] phn lp i xng - [14971]
phn b theo quy lut hm m m - [9973] phn lp gi - [12003]
phn b ton cu - [3477] phn lp gi tng - [5379]
phn b ng sut - [14619] phn lp gn sng - [12757]
phn b - [4373] phn lp khng chnh hp - [4326]
phn ct b mt a hnh - [1912] phn lp khng i xng - [1121]
phn ct a hnh - [4353] phn lp mng - [15420]
phn cp - [6386],[6389] phn lp nghing - [10216]
phn cp bc - [10404] phn lp nguyn thu - [4285]
phn cp u - [16779] phn lp nhn - [3556]
phn cp ht thun - [4379] phn lp song song - [10835]
phn cp trong ranh gii m - [7580] phn lp thy triu - [15478]
phn chia - [10906] phn lp trung gian - [5800]
phn chia dng - [11567] phn lp tun hon - [4157]
phn chia a hnh - [4353] phn lp v nhu - [3556]
phn chia a tng - [14541] phn lp xin - [10216],[3589],[3591]
phn chia theo bin - [649] phn lp xin bin dng - [3926]
phn chim bin - [6627] phn lp xin cho - [10219],[3588]
phn cc cm ng - [7418] phn lp xin n - [13851]
phn cc khng kch thch - [14292] phn lp xin gc ln - [6895]
phn cc quay - [12937] phn lp xin gc nh - [8708]
phn cc tp hp khong vt - [336] phn lp xin gn sng - [12760]
phn di - [17163] phn lp xin khc hng - [3560]
phn di th sinh - [13454] phn lp xin kiu zigzac - [2682]
phn d - [4205],[4206] phn lp xin lm - [3221]
phn d bin cht - [9343] phn lp xin li - [3390]
phn d di - [1308] phn lp xon - [3708]
phn d kt tinh - [3659] phn lu - [4795]
phn d kh thnh - [11555] phn ly magma - [13453]
phn d qu trnh thnh - [4127] phn nhnh khng u - [6860]
phn d to - [4127] phn nhnh m rng phm vi t gy - [14275]
phn d tng phn - [3370] phn nhnh ti ni dng - [675]
phn i - [14752] phn phin - [8172],[8180]
phn on - [5849] phn phi - [4373]
phn on kt tinh khong vt - [838] phn phi chun vng trn - [2786]
phn i - [4169],[4170] phn phi Gauss - [6055]
phn i - [17163],[17212] phn phi ht t - [6450]
phn i dc - [8672] phn phi (tc) - [4374]
phn i ng (trc) - [16374] phn phi ngu nhin lin tc - [3361]
phn i khong sn - [9535] phn phi ri rc - [4332]
phn gic nhn - [209] phn r - [3881],[3883],[3890],[4293]
phn hng - [2822] phn r alpha - [533]
phn h - [14818] phn r ht - [6440]
phn hy - [3881],[3891],[4335] phn r khng kch thch - [14289]
phn hy ht - [6440] phn r phng x - [12200]
phn hy k kh - [655] phn r t ng - [14289]
phn k - [14734] phn tch - [4335],[6442]
phn k - [14792] phn tn keo - [3091]
phn loi - [14130],[2823],[3770] phn tn nguyn t - [4852]
phn loi CIPW - [2778] phn tn ngc - [7589]
phn loi t - [2824] phn tng - [13453],[14534],[14569],[8339]
phn loi a ha cc nguyn t ha hc - [6109] phn tng ni sinh - [4955]
phn loi a tng - [14541] phn tng theo nhp - [13548]
phn loi hc huyt thng - [2804] phn tng th sinh - [13416],[7408]
phn loi kh hu - [2890] phn tng xin - [3594]
phn loi khi - [12848] phn th - [14751]

795
phn thng (lot) - [14796] phn v o a thi - [6120]
phn thi - [14808] phn v hon ho - [6965]
phn tch - [15744],[3770],[7340] phn v kh hu-a tng - [2891]
phn tch bng axeto - [142] phn v khng chnh thc - [7457]
phn tch bng tia X - [17002] phn v lithodem - [8553]
phn tch cu trc - [14675],[14689] phn v nin biu - [15539]
phn tch ch tiu c hc ca t - [9159] phn v nin i a tng - [2748]
phn tch chm - [2949] phn v nin i thch hc - [2744]
phn tch c hc - [9158] phn v thch a tng - [12862],[8571],[8574]
phn tch a c hc trong khai thc l dc - [6173] phn v thch a tng cng nghip - [7427]
phn tch a ha - [6105] phn v thch hc - [8561]
phn tch nh lng - [12129] phn v thch lun ngun gc - [8555]
phn tch nh tnh - [12126] phn v thch nin i - [2744]
phn tch ht - [10903],[6408],[6452] phn v thch thi - [15533]
phn tch ht - [14130] phn v thi cc tnh - [11614]
phn tch hp ph - [255] phn v thi a tng - [15536],[2744],[2745],[2748],[4408]
phn tch hot ha phng x - [12193] phn v thi a tng cc tnh (phn v cc tnh thi a
phn tch ha quang ph - [14205] tng) - [11615]
phn tch ha t - [16805] phn v thi on - [4117]
phn tch hunh quang - [5722] phn v thi gian - [15539]
phn tch kin trc - [5339] phn v trc lng a tng - [15623]
phn tch kch hot neutron (INAA) - [7505] phn v t a tng - [8895]
phn tch kch thc ht t - [6408] phn - [15]
phn tch lnh th - [15296] phn bng - [9365]
phn tch ngc - [1249] phn chn ni - [11282]
phn tch nhn t - [5351] phn chuyn tip gia hai np li - [13026]
phn tch nhiu x in t - [4848] phn cha vch - [11229]
phn tch nhit - [15376],[15395] phn c ming - [6331]
phn tch nhm - [2949] phn ca thn qung c xc nh r c ba mt - [10419]
phn tch n nh - [14341] phn u (cs) - [795]
phn tch n nh mi dc - [13961] phn ht st - [2851]
phn tch n nh mi dc bng phng php lt ct - phn ht vn trong trm tch - [5864]
[14342] phn mm ARC/INFO x l h thng tin a cht - [926]
phn tch pha long ng v - [7720] phn mm GiS - [7338]
phn tch phn hoa - [11628] phn mnh - [9267]
phn tch phng sai - [666],[788] phn pha t lin cao hn hoc phn b h thp ca chn
phn tch quang ph - [14199] tam gic - [10812]
phn tch sau (cctr) - [1249] phn sau ai - [7271]
phn tch so mu - [3100] phn sau thn - [7261]
phn tch s b - [12956] phn st ca nc mn - [13058]
phn tch thnh phn ht bng lng ng - [13440] phn sn - [11480]
phn tch thnh phn ht bng phng php t - [16784] phn thng ca sn - [13960]
phn tch thnh phn ht t bng ry - [13767] phn thn trc - [5058]
phn tch thnh phn ht t bng th nghim thy lc - phn treo nh ra - [10598]
[7183] phn trong siphon - [4951]
phn tch thch cu trc - [11138] phn trong vch - [4956]
phn tch thng k - [14401] phn trc - [795]
phn tch trng thi cn bng ti hn - [8481] phn trc di vng - [5067]
phn tch trng lc - [6413] phn tr lng c chng minh - [11959]
phn tch tng quan - [3460] phn t - [12124]
phn tch tng ng - [3464] phn v trng thnh - [15209]
phn tch t - [16804] Phn - [2593],[2597]
phn tch vect trt - [13952] phn hoa - [11627]
phn tch v m - [8804] phn hoa ca thc vt khng c thn g - [10127],[10148]
phn tch xu th - [15741] phn hoa ca thc vt thn g (cs) - [923]
phn t magma - [8849] Phn k - [3545]
phn t Tschermak - [15849] phn Ty Ban Nha - [14158]
phn va - [14534],[1473] phenacit - [11187]
phn v cn a tng - [10866] phenakit - [11188]
phn v cn thch thi - [10876] phengit - [11189]
phn v chnh thc - [5810] phenicochroit - [11190]
phn v diachron - [4117] phn - [557]
phn v a cht kh hu - [6140] phn kali - [11747]
phn v a tng - [14565] phn magnesi - [8859]
phn v a tng bn - [498] phn mangan - [8960]
phn v a tng(t) - [4408] phn natri - [14016],[14034]
phn v a tng nn - [3240] phn st - [578]
phn v a tng sinh thi - [4738] php bin i i xng - [14978]
phn v a tng th nhng - [10985] php chn on - [4130]
phn v a tng thc hnh - [10369],[10866] php chiu - [11917]
phn v a thi - [6118] php chiu bn cu (lp th) - [6814]
phn v a thi (thi gian a cht) - [6148] php chiu ng din - [5077],[8169]

796
php chiu ng gc - [5076] phin lc - [6523]
php chiu Lambert - [8169] phin mc tay - [3606]
php chiu lp th - [14440] phin mng - [8178]
php chiu lp th bn cu di - [8724] phin nn rnh bn l - [13536]
php chiu lp th bn cu trn - [16127] phin ngn - [3155]
php chiu Schmidt - [13274] phin ngoi - [10557]
php dng th Culman - [3677] phin ni - [7814]
php nh tui phn r khng kch thch - [14290] phin rng - [4005]
php o cc thng s a mo bin i - [492] phin st - [2864]
php o c nhit - [10732] phin st cha ct - [12826]
php o cng Vicker - [16401] phin st cha vi - [2096]
php o khi ph plasma (ICP-MS) - [7424] phin st giu clorit - [2706]
php o khc x k - [12452] phin st giu feldspar - [5461]
php o ph - [14214] phin st silic - [13806]
php o ph hp th - [68] phin silic - [5653]
php o ph hunh quang tia X - [17001] phin tam gic - [3967]
php o ph tia gamma - [6015] phin tam gic di - [7250]
php o quang ph hp th nguyn t (AAS) - [1145] phin tay ngoi - [5072]
php o quang ph pht x nguyn t plasma (ICP-AES) - phin tay ni - [7272]
[7423] phin tng trng - [6616]
php o su - [1413] phin than - [2207]
php o thi gian a cht - [6121] phin tha - [14284]
php o trng lc - [6481] phin tha bm trc tip - [13573]
php o t trng - [6481] phin tha gi - [12002]
php ng nht - [3459] phin tha kp - [14285]
php ghi ph - [14211] phin trong - [7486]
php gi tn a tng - [14554] phin tr - [10763]
php gi tn kp (cs) - [1595] phin ta bn l - [5948]
php hiu chnh ng - [4630] phin xanh - [1754]
php ly sai phn - [14172] phin xen tay - [7520]
php nghin cu ph hp th nguyn t - [1147] phin xinii - [16992]
php nhn vect v hng - [3592] phi (khng) magma - [597]
php phn tch hot ha - [189] phi to ni - [777]
php phn tch nhit trng lng - [15404],[15405] phi tectonit - [10146]
php phn tch Schreinemakers - [13288] philippinit - [11195]
php ph quang k - [14216] philipsbornit - [11196]
php so mu quang ph - [14208] philipsit - [11197]
php th Beck - [1465] philipstadit - [11198]
php th cng Rochwell - [12864] phnh to (cctr) - [2000]
php th Markland - [9058] pha ca t gy chuyn ng theo hng i ln - [16137]
php tm cc ca mt mt phng - [11624] pha nh (cs) - [215]
php tch phn cu phng Gauss - [6056] pha i ming - [32]
php trc ph quang in t - [17003] pha ming (cs) - [178],[214],[248]
ph thi t h o - [14282] pha trc (cs) - [221]
phu - [13879] pha trc - [5925],[795]
phu h thp - [3251] pha trc chu th - [3954]
phu karst - [3010] ph tn bo dng - [16101]
phu qung - [10418] ph tn iu tra - [13321]
phu st - [14942] phlogopit - [11199]
pH (ch s hydro) - [11170] phlogopit natri - [14042],[9885]
phim nh - [1104] phoenicochroit - [11200]
phin - [1697] Pholadidae - [11201]
phin bn l - [6920] pholerit - [11202]
phin bn l ngoi - [10551] phong ho ho hc - [2661]
phin bn g (cs) - [1003] phong ha - [16728]
phin bitum - [2207] phong ha b mt - [1140]
phin che nh khe lng - [2688] phong ha c hc - [11256]
phin chnh - [2336] phong ha hnh cu - [14246]
phin dng delta - [3972] phong ha mch phun - [1056]
phin delta n - [3631] phong ha sinh vt - [10459]
phin di gc - [7458] phong ha t ong - [591]
phin di ming - [7265] phong ph tuyt i - [45]
phin y - [15050] phong thnh - [5012],[5014]
phin y hu mn (cs) - [659] phong v biu - [1339]
phin y khe lng - [6975] phonolit - [11203]
phin y khe tam gic - [3969],[6976] phosgenit - [11204]
phin hm (cs) - [673] phosinait - [11205]
phin honh - [4151] phosphamit - [11206]
phin honh na - [6813] phosphat - [11207]
phin hng trc - [249] phosphat calci - [2138]
phin k khe tam gic - [11076] phosphat cui sng - [12798]
phin khe lng - [2687] phosphat xanh - [1751]

797
phosphat ha - [11209] phun tro phreatic - [11231]
phosphochalcit - [11211] phun tro plato - [11453]
phosphoferit - [11212] phun tro sn - [5638]
phosphofibrit - [11213] phun tro trung tm - [2522]
phosphophylit - [11214] phuralumit - [11239]
phosphoreslerit - [11218] phurcali - [11240]
phosphorit - [11215] ph hp - [116],[3231]
phosphorochaleit - [11217] ph hp (t) - [3269]
phosphor ha - [11216] ph hp vi nhau - [114]
phosphor (P) - [11219] ph sa - [13825],[329],[528]
phosphosiderit - [11220] ph sa (ngha t dng) - [527]
phosphua - [11210] ph sa granit - [6423]
phosphuranylit - [11221] ph sa sng - [12808]
phng - [2602] ph - [10602]
phng m - [7059] ph - [102],[13394]
phng cha mang - [6247] phc hi (cthv) - [12348]
phng cha phin tam gic - [3966] pht kh - [1741]
phng cha thn - [1765],[8590] pht va xi mng hn - [2504]
phng nh - [16013] ph bc - [14808]
phng hng th - [4085] ph i - [14752]
phng khe lng - [10193] ph i cc tnh - [11603]
phng lng roi - [5630] ph gia - [100],[224],[243],[98]
phng l - [4193] ph gia chng acid - [815]
phng ming - [2180] ph gia chng n mn - [823]
phng - [8590] ph gia chng oxi ha - [837]
phng (cs) - [1765] ph gia chng n - [842]
phng th cp - [2603] ph h - [14818]
phng un cun - [5650] ph k - [14734]
phng in khng in cc - [4844] ph k - [14792]
phng x cm ng - [7419] ph lot - [14758]
phng x nhn to - [1062] ph lu - [4372]
phi - [4889] ph thm - [2034]
phng bc x - [1260] ph th - [14751]
phi cnh - [14438] ph thng (lot) - [14796]
phi tr - [3399] ph thi - [14808]
phi tr hnh su mt - [6874] ph thi cc tnh (phn thi cc tnh) - [11608]
phi tr tam gic - [15752] ph thi i cc tnh (phn thi i cc tnh) - [11609]
phi tr t din - [15341] ph thuc gng l - [15900]
ph - [14195] ph tr - [1156]
ph dao ng a chn - [13472] ph tng bin cht - [9351]
ph hp th - [69] phng - [14649],[15740]
ph hp th nguyn t - [1148] phng chnh - [11875],[1235]
ph hc pht x tia X - [17000] phng php beryli-10 xc nh tui - [1543]
ph hc Raman - [12253] phng php biu din s liu a cht bng th - [6459]
ph hc tia X - [17010] phng php bt - [11782]
ph hunh quang - [5724] phng php bm p (trit tiu bin dng) - [11837]
ph k - [14213] phng php bung chp Straumanis - [14575]
ph k tia X - [17009] phng php chiu cu lp th Wulff (ng gc) - [16959]
ph k tia X - [17008] phng php ch alpha xc nh tui - [8352]
ph phn hoa - [11635] phng php ch 210 xc nh tui - [8351]
ph quang k - [14215] phng php ch ng - [197]
ph Raman - [12254] phng php d bng "que bi" - [4490]
ph tia X - [17011] phng php DRASTIC - [4516]
ph tui - [323] phng php o hm mi ca o Vit tt t : New
phi kh - [363] Austrian Tunneling Method - [9907]
phi kh ngoi tri - [362] phng php m cong Denness - [3994]
phthanit - [11238] phng php in trng thin nhin - [14293]
phun - [7770] phng php in t - [4847]
phun ct - [13123] phng php a ha tm kim - [6111]
phun nc c p - [1048] phng php a thc vt - [6104]
phun nc lin tc hoc theo chu k - [14316] phng php nh tui bng obsidian - [10233]
phun tro - [4797],[5120],[5125],[5326],[5327] phng php nh tui dy urani - [16166]
phun tro bng n - [5294] phng php nh tui lutexi-hafni - [8763]
phun tro cung n - [15998] phng php nh tui teluri-130/ xenon-130 - [15225]
phun tro dung nham - [8308] phng php nh tui uranium-234 - [16159],[16160],
phun tro nh - [14864] [16161]
phun tro hn hp - [9583] phng php o trng ng sut bng bm p nc l
phun tro khe nt - [5608] khoan c mng ngn - [4232]
phun tro kiu cao nguyn - [11453] phng php o trng ng xut gn trn mt - [9960]
phun tro kiu plini - [11484] phng php ng trn ma st - [5912]
phun tro kiu vulcanian - [16536] phng php ng trn phi - [11194]
phun tro paroxysm - [10891] phng php gia s mi dc - [13962]

798
phng php hunh quang - [5723] phng trnh Chezy - [2683]
phng php ht nc l khoan xc nh cc c tnh nc phng trnh chuyn ng - [9748]
ngm (cctr) - [1167] phng trnh Culng - [3489]
phng php ioni-thori tnh tui - [7615] phng trnh iu ha kp (cctr) - [1582]
phng php Janbu - [7748] phng trnh Fairhurst - [5366]
phng php kali-argon xc nh tui - [11757] phng trnh Kirsh - [7989]
phng php khai thc ngm - [16052] phng trnh Ladanyi-Archambault - [8116]
phng php khai thc qung l dc - [8675] phng trnh lin tc - [3358]
phng php kch phng - [5643] phng trnh nc di t - [6584]
phng php lt ct gin lc ca Bishop (cctr) - [1649] phng trnh Patton - [10928]
phng php mu - [13106] phng trnh Theis - [15368]
phng php Monte-Carlo - [9679] phng trnh tnh tui - [305]
phng php m hnh ha lc ma st b mt ph hy phng trnh trng - [5552]
(cctr) - [1383] phng trnh tng hp bin dng - [3158]
phng php NATM - [9907] phng trnh Van Hoff - [16260]
phng php nham (thch) a ha - [8556] phng trnh vn tc dng - [8990]
phng php nhng - [7352] phng trnh vi phn ca chuyn ng ht - [4199]
Phng php n mn kiu burn-cut (cctr) - [2021] phng v - [1240]
phng php phn cc - [14293] phc h - [2147],[3164]
phng php phn tch hin vi in t - [4850] phc h bin cht - [9337]
phng php phn tch th - [12956] phc h bin cht kiu ht nhn - [9341]
phng php phn t bin (cctr) - [1855] phc h carbonat - [2299]
phng php phn t bin trc tip - [4276] phc h cn ct - [4601]
phng php phn t hu hn - [5593] phc h bin cht - [9339]
phng php phn t ring bit - [4367] phc h magma - [8840]
phng php protactini-ioni - [11941] phc h pha trn - [9582]
phng php (ton ) tnh n nh ca khi nm ch phc h thung lng - [13671]
da trn lc ma st - [5913] phc h vng - [12734]
phng php quang n hi - [11222] phc hp to nm - [3180]
phng php quan trc - [10230] phc np lm - [15002]
phng php quay - [12940] phc tp v cu trc a cht - [2423]
phng php rheni-osmi xc nh tui - [12625] phylit - [11243]
phng php Rubidi-Stronti xc nh tui - [12974] phylonit - [11244],[11247]
phng php samari-neodymi xc nh tui - [13098] phylonit ha - [11248]
phng php s - [10208] phylosilicat - [11249]
phng php tng/gim lga - [8642] phyr - [11250]
phng php thm d in - [4835] pickeringit - [11273]
phng php thm d in thit lp trng - [15691] picotit - [11274]
phng php thm d a chn vi ngun to ra t ngun picotpaulit - [11275]
c hc - [16760] picrit - [11276]
phng php Th-230/Pa-239 xc nh tui - [15441] picrocolit - [11278]
phng php Th-230/Th-232 xc nh tui - [15442] picrocromit - [11277]
phng php Th-230/U-234 v Pa-231/U-235 xc nh tui picrolit - [11279]
- [15443] picromerit - [11280]
phng php thiu ioni - [7613] picropharmacolit - [11281]
phng php thi cng ng l giao thng - [6679] piemontit - [11298]
phng php th nghim hi phc ng - [4639] pienarit - [11299]
phng php thori-ch xc nh tui - [15444] pierepontit - [11300]
phng php thu nh hng trong thm d a chn - pierotit - [11301]
[16268] pigeonit - [11311]
phng php thy a ha - [7151] pikeit - [11313]
phng php tha ioni - [7614] pilandit - [11314]
phng php tnh gi tr cc nt li grid - [6535] pilit - [11316]
phng php tnh ton c tnh ti yu t thi gian - [4330] pilsenit - [11325]
phng php trng lc - [6484] pimelit - [11326]
phng php t Telur - [8899] pinakiolit - [11332]
phng php uran-ch xc nh tui - [8357] pinchit - [11335]
phng php U-Pb xc nh tui - [16163] pinit - [11339]
phng php U-Th-Pb xc nh tui - [16167] pin t sinh - [6103]
phng php U234 xc nh tui - [16158] pinoit - [11344]
phng php Van der Kolk - [16248] pintadoit - [11346]
phng php Verneuil - [16346] pip ni la - [16468]
phng php vi a chn - [11133] pirquitasit - [11356]
phng php xc nh tui bng silic 32 - [13818] pirsonit - [11357]
phng php xc nh tui 40Ar/39Ar - [993] pisanit - [11358]
phng php xc sut ngc - [9398] pisolit - [11359],[11360],[11361]
phng php Xe-Xe xc nh tui - [16982] pisolith - [11360]
phng sai - [16271],[4347] pistacit - [11363]
phng thng ng - [11499] pitchblend - [11369]
phng thc - [9596] piticit - [11382]
phng trnh Barton v sc bn hai bn thnh khe nt pit tng trong bung nn ba trc th nghim nn t -
- [1369] [12257]

799
piypit - [11383]
pizolit hang ng - [2471]
placolith - [11387]
plagioclas - [11388]
plagioclasit - [11390]
plagioclas acid - [153]
plagioclas basic - [1398]
plagiogranit - [11391]
plagionit - [11392]
plagiophyr - [11393]
Plaisanci - [11402]
plancheit - [11410]
planophyr - [11429]
platarsit - [11449]
platiniridi - [11466]
platinit - [11467]
platin (Pt) - [11468]
platnerit - [11469]
platobasalt - [11452]
platynit - [11472]
plauenit - [11473]
playfairit - [11476]
Pleistocen - [11477]
pleonastit - [11479]
Pliensbach - [11483]
Pliocen - [11485]
plombierit - [11487]
plum - [11510]
plumalsit - [11494]
plumazit - [11495]
plumboferit - [11500]
plumbogumit - [11501]
plumbojarosit - [11502]
plumbomicrolit - [11503]
plumbonacrit - [11504]
plumboniobit - [11505]
plumbopaladinit - [11506]
plumbopyrochlor - [11507]
plumbotelurit - [11508]
plumbotsumit - [11509]
plumosit - [11512]
plutonic nodul - [11534]
plutoni (Pu) - [11540]
plutonit - [11539]
poikilo - [11573]
poikiloblast - [11574]
poikilotop - [11578]
poitevinit - [11592]
pokrovskit - [11593]
polarit - [11599]
polder - [11620]
polderland - [11621]
polenit - [11631]
policras - [11650]
polkovicit - [11626]
poloni (Po) - [11643]
polucit - [11639]
polux - [11642]
polyargyrit - [11644]
polybarit - [11647]
polybasit - [11648]
polyclas - [11649]
polydymit - [11652]
polyhalit - [11658]
polylithionit - [11659]
polymignyt - [11663]
polyp - [11670]
polyp ng - [3794]
polyquart - [11672]
polzenit - [11677]
ponzait - [11681]
ponzit - [11682]
800
Porland - [11697]
porpezit - [11701]
porphyrit - [11702]
porphyroid - [11711]
porphyrotopic - [11712]
porphyr granit - [4878]
porphyr thch anh - [12147],[12160],[4878]
Porterfield - [11721]
Portlandi - [11722]
portlandit - [11723]
posepnyt - [11724]
potarit - [11745]
potosit - [11776]
Pottsvill - [11778]
poubait - [11779]
poughit - [11780]
powelit - [11786]
poyarkovit - [11788]
Praga - [11790]
pras - [11791]
praseodymi (Pr) - [11792]
prasinit - [11793]
prasopal - [11794]
prehnit - [11818]
preisingerit - [11819]
preiswerkit - [11820]
preobrazhenskit - [11823]
presserit - [11826]
previtrain - [11839]
preyerit - [11840]
priceit - [11842]
priderit - [11843]
Primordial - [11874]
priorit - [11884]
proluvi - [11920]
promethi (Pm) - [11921]
propan - [11923]
propylit - [11925]
propylit ho - [11926]
propylit ha - [11928]
prosopit - [11930]
prosperit - [11938]
protactini (Pa) - [11940]
Proterozoi - [11944]
protoclastic - [11945]
protodolomit - [11946]
protoenstatit - [11947]
protogin - [11948]
protomylonit - [11951]
Protozoi - [11955]
proudit - [11957]
proustit - [11958]
provitren - [11965]
provitrinit - [11966]
prowersit - [11967]
przhevalskit - [11971]
pseudoautunit hay gi autunit - [11973]
pseudoboleit hay gi boleit - [11974]
pseudobrookit hay gi brukit - [11975]
pseudoclorit hay gi clorit - [11977]
pseudocotunit hay gi cotunit - [11980]
pseudolaueit hay gi laueit - [11985]
pseudoleucit hay gi leucit - [11986]
pseudomalachit hay gi malachit - [11987]
pseudorutil - [11999]
psilomelan - [12009]
Psychozoi - [12010]
Pteropoda - [12013]
ptilolit - [12014]
ptygma - [12016]
pucherit - [12017]
puglianit - [12019]
pulaskit - [12020] quan trc ng thi nc di t - [6592]
pumpelyit - [12037] quan trc ln - [13581]
pumpelyit-(Mn+2) - [12038] quan trc nc di t - [6592]
Purbeck - [12046] quan trc quang hc - [10387]
purpurit - [12051] quartzfels - [12146]
putoranit - [12052] quartzin - [12150]
puzlan - [11789] quartzit - [12151]
pycnit - [12053] quartzit feldspar - [5459]
pyralmandit - [12055] quartzolit - [12158]
pyralspit - [12056] quarzit - [12151]
pyrargyrit - [12060] quarzit cha mica - [9415]
pyreneit - [12063] quarzit th sinh - [13414]
pyrhit - [12119] quay b sung - [1200]
pyrhotin - [12120] quay ph tr (cctr) - [1200]
pyrhotit - [12121] quay thun ty - [12047]
pyrit - [12065],[3143] quay tri - [13847]
pyrites - [12066] quay vng - [12363]
pyrites mu vng - [17045] qu c kt - [10583]
pyrites st trng - [16827] qu cun vng - [7246]
pyrites trng - [16837] qu ng - [16047]
pyrit cobalt - [2991] qu lnh - [16047]
pyrit dng tc - [2239],[6674] qu mn (mui) - [7245]
pyrit ng - [3408] qu ngui - [14873]
pyrit ha - [12067] qu nng - [14884]
pyrit li mc - [14175] qu ti hn - [14874]
pyrit nickel (NiS) - [10067] qu trnh alunit ha - [584]
pyrit phin mng - [8176] qu trnh bay hi - [16266],[4366]
pyrit thic - [15547] qu trnh bin cht - [9366]
pyrit trng - [16836] qu trnh bin cht trao i - [9369]
pyroaurit - [12071] qu trnh bi tch - [526]
pyrobelonit - [12072] qu trnh chnh l nh - [7343]
pyrochlor - [12073] qu trnh cp dng - [1481]
pyrochroit - [12074] qu trnh ng ha - [3304]
pyrognomic hay nhit pht quang - [12086] qu trnh gn kt - [3304]
pyrolit - [12087] qu trnh gn kt rim - [12725]
pyrolusit - [12089] qu trnh gim dc - [6397]
pyromagma - [12090] qu trnh hiu chnh (nn chnh) hnh hc - [6176]
pyromelan - [12091] qu trnh "khc chm" b mt - [5157]
pyromerid - [12092] qu trnh ha sinh - [12083]
pyromorphit - [12095] qu trnh karst ha - [7893]
pyrop - [12096] qu trnh kh thnh - [11552]
pyrophan - [12097] qu trnh l - [1207]
pyrophanit - [12098] qu trnh l tch - [4236]
pyrophylit - [12099] qu trnh Markov - [9059]
pyrop Kimberley - [2225] qu trnh mi mn - [36],[4488]
pyrosmalit - [12100] qu trnh m rng (gin) nh - [8900]
pyrosmalit mangan - [8978] qu trnh nn cht - [3239]
pyrostibit - [12102] qu trnh nghin vn - [6544]
pyrostilpnit - [12103] qu trnh nhit dch - [7218]
pyrotin - [12120] qu trnh nhit ng hc - [15399]
pyrotit - [12121],[8848] qu trnh ra xi di tc ng ca gi - [13328]
pyroxen - [12104] qu trnh san bng - [11408]
pyroxenid - [12114] qu trnh s ha - [4217]
pyroxenit - [12115] qu trnh to - [4125]
pyroxenit hornblend - [7020] qu trnh to ngoi sinh - [5251]
pyroxenit olivin - [10322] qu trnh to ng bng - [894]
pyroxenit olivin hornblend - [10317] qu trnh to hang - [14221]
pyroxen nhn to - [2433] qu trnh to ha thch - [5823]
pyroxen v feldspar - [12111] qu trnh to khe - [5733]
pyroxenoid - [12116] qu trnh to ni trong mt khu vc - [10485]
pyroxferoit - [12117] qu trnh to qung - [10435]
pyroxmangit - [12118] qu trnh to tn tch - [4876]
quai - [5894] qu trnh than ha - [2272]
quai tay - [8679] qu trnh thnh - [8542]
quang cnh h - [8164] qu trnh thnh y - [5176]
quang ph - [14196] qu trnh thnh to than bn - [15978]
quang ph hp th nguyn t k - [1146] qu trnh thnh to v pht trin ca t lt (hay hong
quang tinh - [10386] th) - [8636]
quan h din tch - [963] qu trnh thit k b tng phun - [9580]
quan h ngun gc - [3292] qu trnh thoi dn - [6397]
quan st bng mt - [16434] qu trnh tch t - [4022]
quan trc - [9649] qu trnh trn kh - [4575]

801
qu trnh trn t (b tng) - [16808] qung in hnh - [14192]
qu trnh v kiu loi phong ha - [16739] qung - [12390]
qu trnh xi mn ca bng h ni cao to nn dc qu qung ng con cng - [10940]
ln ca cc sn - [10612] qung ng dng thn (calcopyrit dng thn) - [1720]
qu trnh x l hnh hc - [6178] qung ng - [12370]
qu nn - [3245] qung ng m - [16275]
qun l lu vc - [16671] qung ng khi tm mt - [10264]
qut aluvi mi c tch t c dc ln hn so vi qut qung ng mu gan (cuprit) - [8588]
c m n pht trin trn - [14886] qung ng mu vng - [17039]
qut bi tch - [4572],[5389] qung ng nhung - [16318]
qut bi tch bng phng - [946] qung ng sc s - [10941]
qut bi tch hn hp - [3193] qung ng sulfat ngm nc - [3410]
qut bi tch ngon ngoo - [5137] qung ng ta - [12050]
qut chu th - [3953] qung c nghin nh - [10449]
qut di bin - [14771] qung gn kt - [5826]
qut c - [15914] qung giu - [12677],[6899]
qut gi - [1741] qung (st) dng thn - [7960]
qut l tch - [15086] qung ht u - [10944]
qut ra tri - [10572] qung hoa o - [10939]
qut trm tch mnh vn - [4078] qung ha - [9321]
qut xi trn - [16588] qung km - [12408]
qung - [10411],[6715] qung khai thc c - [11732]
qung n - [6890] qung kh gia cng x l - [12329]
qung bnh xe - [16811] qung kh nng chy - [12454]
qung bc - [12398] qung kh - [4576]
qung bc sm - [3828] qung khi - [1727]
qung bismut - [1656] qung kidney - [7960]
qung bng bismut - [1654] qung loi hai - [13420]
qung bng ng bc - [13841] qung l ra - [10439]
qung bng teluri - [15226] qung mangan - [12387]
qung b hng - [14125] qung mangan nu - [1963]
qung bt - [11783] qung mu vng - [17044]
qung bi nhi - [15545] qung mn - [5583]
qung cacbonat km - [17139] qung molybden - [9630]
qung chc chn c - [7397] qung ngho - [1389],[8363]
qung chc c - [11892] qung ngho cht lng thp - [8710]
qung ch-bc - [13844] qung ngun gc h - [8115]
qung ch cha bc - [11496] qung ngun gc magma - [10446]
qung ch dng t mu vng - [2194] qung nguyn khai cha tuyn - [2948],[3603]
qung ch en (seruxit) - [1683] qung nguyn sinh - [11858]
qung ch - [12385] qung nickel-antimony - [10063]
qung ch mu vng - [17042] qung ni khi tuyn - [5656]
qung ch mu xanh - [6514] qung phn tn - [7089]
qung ch sulfur - [8347] qung porphyr - [11716]
qung ch trng - [16829] qung sch - [5591]
qung cha tuyn - [12320] qung st - [7648]
qung cha calamin - [6007] qung st bng - [7639]
qung c gi tr cng nghip - [10936],[10938] qung st cha ng - [3690]
qung c trin vng - [11936] qung st cha st - [2853]
qung cc - [8746] qung st dng chm nho - [1834]
qung dng cm - [5583] qung st dng dm kt - [2205]
qung dng m - [9751] qung st dng ht - [10119]
qung dng ht - [10120] qung st dng kim (gtit) - [148]
qung dng ht u (limonit) - [1457] qung st dng nh - [1972]
qung dng khi - [9096] qung st dng trng c - [10349]
qung dng mch - [8625] qung st dng trng c mu vng Clinton - [2928]
qung dng tm (hematit) - [5626] qung st m ly - [1770]
qung dng thn - [6078] qung st en (manhetit) - [1681]
qung dng t ong - [590] qung st - [10306],[12382]
qung dng vnh - [3002] qung st g - [16938]
qung dng v - [3615] qung st ht u - [10943]
qung d tuyn - [5885] qung st khi tm mt - [10265]
qung d bo - [11733] qung st-mangan - [7642]
qung ang thm d chun b khai thc - [4092] qung st mt thoi - [12653]
qung p ng yu cu - [617] qung st nu - [8488]
qung chun b khai thc - [4091] qung st titan - [15559]
qung c khai thc v p nh - [10422] qung st trng - [16826]
qung c khng nh - [11960] qung st t - [8885]
qung lm sch - [5591] qung st xp - [7638]
qung thm d - [9156] qung sulfua bc - [13842]
qung c st - [3148] qung sulphur - [14862]
qung m ly - [1772],[1777],[9079] qung suy on - [7435]

802
qung tng - [1727] rammell - [12258]
qung thay th - [12522] ramsayit - [12268]
qung thi - [12458],[12985] ramsdelit - [12269]
qung thic - [15546] rana - [12270]
qung th - [12320] rance - [12271]
qung thun t - [10852] Rancholabre - [12272]
qung tim nng - [6155] rancieit - [12273]
qung trm tch lng ng y h - [8159] ranh gii - [1852]
qung trn mt - [10439] ranh gii bo ha - [1857]
qung turkey bo - [15921] ranh gii ng bng bi tch - [518]
qung uran - [16169] ranh gii t gy - [5415],[7983]
qung urani - [16164] ranh gii khonh - [13426]
qung vng kiu carlin - [2351] ranh gii lc a - [3343]
qung volfram - [15890] ranh gii mng - [11459],[11460],[11461]
qung v vn - [1953] ranh gii mng bi kt - [121]
qung xm tn - [11272],[4354],[7361] ranh gii mng hi t - [3387]
qun phng - [14369] ranh gii mng phn ly - [4402]
qun din sinh thi - [4714] ranh gii mng trt bng ngang - [15681]
qun o - [945] ranh gii ngoi ca cnh khc un (ra ngoi ca bi bi
qun o san h - [1144] khc un) - [15583]
qun hp - [1100],[3145] ranh gii pha - [11186]
qun hp ha thch - [5821] ranh gii thy triu - [15484]
qun hp khc ngnh - [3309] rankachit - [12280]
qun lc sinh vt - [3046] rankamait - [12281]
qun lc sinh vt (cs) - [1605] rankinit - [12285]
qun loi hn ch - [3981] ranquilit - [12286]
qun th - [3096],[3097] ransomit - [12287]
qun th dng cy - [3990] ranunculit - [12288]
qun th dng chui - [2426] rasorit - [12293]
qun th dng l phc - [5924] raspit - [12296]
qun th khong hc - [9536] rathit - [12308]
qun x - [3145] rathit-II - [12309]
qun x cao nh - [2895] rauenthalit - [12313]
qun x ha thch - [5822] rauvit - [12314]
que - [147],[3111] rayit - [12323]
que bi - [4407],[4491] ri dm - [1296]
que ni - [15659] rnh - [12716],[14768],[14837],[14838],[15738],[15831],
queluzit - [12168] [2191], [2612],[3102],[5732],[5733],[6950],[7010],[7493]
quenselit - [12170] rnh bo mn - [5110]
quenstedtit - [12171] rnh bn l - [13537],[6922]
questa - [3675] rnh cung bm - [10972]
quetzalcotlit - [12172] rnh dy chng - [8458]
quyn khai thc m - [9549] rnh dng ni la - [16484]
quyn khai thc m (M - [2811] rnh dc - [3105]
quyn bng h - [3624] rnh i dng - [10254]
quyn - [8567] rnh ng so - [3139]
quyn kin to - [15195] rnh c x bi nc trn b h - [10594]
quyn mm - [1111] rnh gy - [10238]
quyn sinh thi - [4737] rnh gi - [11978]
quy chiu - [12437] rnh hang - [3685]
quy phm a tng - [14542] rnh ha tan - [14105]
quy tc entropy - [4991] rnh hng - [13895]
qu - [11805] rnh kha - [3538]
qu o thm - [10926],[13450] rnh lng - [4467]
qu o thot nc - [4510] rnh mai - [2259]
qu o ng sut - [14625] rnh mng - [6373]
Qu mi trng ton cu - [6066] rnh mi gian - [6263]
rabitit - [12182] rnh ngang - [3106],[4153]
race - [12183] rnh ngoi - [5309]
rada mt v tr - [9668] rnh nc di - [8665]
radi (Ra) - [12231] rnh (cs) - [596]
radiolarit - [12228] rnh su y bin - [13356]
radiolit - [12229] rnh tai (cs) - [1174]
radon-220 - [12235] rnh thot nc - [6646]
radon (Rn) - [12234] rnh thu nc - [3083]
ragioni - [12242] rnh trc - [5796]
raguinit - [12243] rnh vch - [13535]
rait - [12248] rnh vch ngn - [13534]
ralstonit - [12250] rnh v - [3229]
ramdohrit - [12255] rnh xen sn - [12675],[7563],[7564]
rameauit - [12256] rnh xi - [13326]
ramelsbergit - [12259] rnh xi ca sui - [12998]

803
rch - [15451] Rhaet - [12622]
rn - [12411],[12433] rheni (Re) - [12624]
rn hu c dng i - [10923] rhodesit - [12633]
rn mt bn - [15047] rhodi (Rh) - [12635]
rn nn bng - [11464] rhodit - [12634]
rn ra nn bng - [13667] rhodizit - [12636]
rn san h - [3423] rhodochrosit - [12637]
rn san h dng ct - [11318] rhodolit - [12639]
rn sinh thi - [4716] rhodonit - [12640]
rn sinh vt - [1613] rhodostannit - [12641]
rng - [15600] rhodusit - [12642]
Rng n - [3632] rhomboclas - [12650]
Rng ba mu - [15771] rhombolit - [12657]
rng bn l - [6921] Rhynchonellida - [12660]
rng bn - [8267] richelit - [12678]
Rng chng (Desmodonta) - [4065] richelsdorfit - [12679]
rng chnh - [2340] richetit - [12680]
rng ca - [7371] Richmond - [12681]
rng dy - [10644] richterit - [12682]
Rng dy (Taxodonta) - [15133] rickardit - [12683]
Rng d (Anomodontia) (cs) - [775] ridmergnerit - [12410]
rng u - [7682] riebeckit - [12691]
rng hm - [9619] riebeckit magnesi - [8872]
rng khc - [6841] ring hay c bit - [14178]
rng lc - [3666] rim Beck - [1464]
rng lc ra khe - [3667] rim bao mi mn do sng - [16697]
rng nh - [4008] rim ghp i - [15016]
Rng nn (Conodontophorida) - [3288] rim lin kt - [12725]
rng rn - [10372] rim syntaxy - [15016]
rng thng - [10504] rim vng bin - [8137]
Rng th - [15375] rift - [12694]
Rng tia (cs) - [183] rift gia i dng - [9481]
rng vch - [13540] rikeboerit - [12714]
Rng x (Schizodonta) - [13266] rilandit - [12715]
Rng yu - [4652] rimpylit - [12728]
rn chc - [3147] rimstone - [12730]
rng ni st - [7651] rineit - [12749]
ru I - [794] ringwoodit - [12746]
ru xc gic - [793] rinkit - [12747]
rt nh - [5589] rinkolit - [12748]
( ln lch) - [4197] riolit kim - [15124]
realgar - [12328],[12391] Riphei - [12754]
rectorit - [12359] ripidolit - [12755]
redingit - [12372] rivadavit - [12781]
redingtonit - [12381] riversideit - [12803]
redledgeit - [12386] rivotit - [12809]
redruthit - [12396] ra bng - [10823]
reduzat - [12405] ra bin i - [15682]
refikit - [12438] ra - [12729]
Refug - [12456] ra t trt - [15580]
reger - [12460] ra i ming - [30]
regolith - [12467] ra ng - [196]
reinerit - [12476] ra gc hm - [6330]
reinhardbraunsit - [12481] ra lng chim - [5443]
Reliz - [12507] ra lc a - [3343]
remolinit (kv) - [12509] ra ming v - [11095]
renardit - [12514] ra pha bin ca mt rn c cc knh dn sng lng -
renierit - [12516] [12418]
renselarit - [12518] ra thm lc a - [13666]
Repetti - [12520] ra th ng - [10918]
reslerit - [12574] ra t do - [5883]
retgersit - [12586] ra vt mng - [5443]
retinalit - [12589] roaldit - [12815]
retzian - [12602] robersit - [12817]
revdit - [12603] robinsonit - [12818]
revesit - [12434] rocbridgeit - [12831]
reyerit - [12618] rockalit - [12821]
rezbanyit - [12619] rodalquilarit - [12869]
Ru ng vt Cribrimorpha - [3552] rodochrosit - [12294]
Ru (cs) - [1976] roeblingit - [12870]
R so - [14462] roederit - [12871]
rhabdophan - [12621] roemerit - [12872]

804
roentgenit - [12873] rung ng - [16396],[6571],[9750]
roeperit - [12874] rung bc thang - [14435]
rogianit - [12875] Rut khoang - [3037]
rohait - [12876] Rupel - [12999]
rokuhnit - [12878] rusakovit - [13002]
romanechit - [12889] Ruscin - [13003]
romanzovit - [12890] ruselit - [13004]
romarchit - [12891] rustenburgit - [13005]
romeit - [12892] rustumit - [13006]
romerit - [12893] ruthenarsenit - [13007]
rongstockit - [12894] rutheni (Ru) - [13009]
rontgenit - [12895] rutheniridosmin - [13008]
rooseveltit - [12899] ruthenosmiridi - [13010]
roquesit - [12904] rutherfordin - [13011]
rosasit - [12905] rutil - [13013]
roscherit - [12906] Ra - [2650]
roscoelit - [12907] rt ngn li - [15845]
roselit - [12912] rt nc - [4038]
roselit beta - [1554] rt nc di t - [6606]
rosemaryit - [12913] ri ro - [12779]
rosenbuschit - [12915] rng l hng nm - [3885]
rosenhahnit - [12916] rng m ly Amozon - [17050]
rosickyit - [12920] rng rm nhit i - [7819]
rosieresit - [12921] ra la - [16581]
rosit - [12925] ra la trn mt - [14919]
roslerit - [12926] ra mn - [20]
rosolit - [12924] ra qung - [10455]
rosterit - [12927] ra tri - [10621],[4487]
rosthornit - [12928] ra tri do bng tan - [10568]
Rostroconchia - [12931] ra tri u - [13660]
Rotliegende - [12950] ra tri nh - [11379]
roubaultit - [12954] ra tri sn - [13963]
routhierit - [12960] ra xi - [13322]
roweit - [12961] ra xi do sng - [16720]
rowlandit - [12962] ra xi lng knh - [13324]
rozenit - [12963] ra xi v lp y - [13323]
rozhkovit - [12964] ryacolit - [13014]
r chng sng v xi mn (cctr) - [5982] Ryazan - [13015]
rn - [16009] ryoandesit - [12661]
rn n - [3638] ryocrystal - [12662]
r mt - [12044] ryodacit - [12152],[12663]
rng - [13668],[13688],[14528],[14767],[903] ryodiabas - [12664]
rng cnh - [5201] ryolit - [12147],[12160],[12665]
rng a l - [5193] sa khong - [11386]
rng mn - [5187] sa khong b - [1503]
rng nhit - [5200] sa khong b bin - [1444]
rng su - [5191] sa khong ct lng sng - [12784]
rng sinh - [5202] sa khong chn vi - [3902]
ri bt - [12032] sa khong ( qu) aluvi - [522]
ri vn - [3874] sa khong thm - [15290]
ri - [8683] Saali - [13016]
ri rc ho nh s bng hm fourier - [4109] sa mc - [4047]
ruarsit - [12967] sa mc ct - [8046]
rubelit - [12971] sa mc mui - [7902],[7939]
rubidi-87 - [12973] sa thch - [2374]
rubidi (Rb) - [12972] sabieit - [13018]
rubi arizon - [1006] sabinait - [13019]
rubi balas - [1287] Sabinas - [13020]
rubi Bohemian - [1780] sabugalit - [13021]
rubi Brazil - [1906] sacrofanit - [13025]
ruby - [12975] saflorit - [13034]
rubycel - [12977] sagenit - [13036]
ruby American - [619] sahamalit - [13038]
ruby - [12853] sahlinit - [13039]
ruby - [12968] sahlit - [13040]
ruby mu mu - [11310] sai phn hu hn - [5592]
ruby Nam Phi - [14144] sai s - [5117]
ruby sao - [14390] sai s chun - [14369]
rucklidgeit - [12982] sai s cn d - [12550]
rud - [12983] sai s h thng - [15031],[3310]
ruizit - [12987] sai s loi I(() - [5118]
rumanit - [12988] sai s loi II(() - [5119]

805
sai s ngu nhin - [110],[12275] sapar - [13175]
sai s ngu nhin (khng h thng) - [16027] saphir - [13176]
sai s th - [2967] saphirin-2M - [13179]
sai s tuyt i - [51] saphirin-1Tc - [13178]
sainfeldit - [13041] saphir alexandrit - [426]
sakhait - [13042] saphir Brazil - [1907]
sakharovait - [13043] saphir nc - [13173],[16666]
Sakmari - [13044] saphir sao - [14391]
sakurait - [13045] saphir trang sc - [5395]
saleseit - [13048] saphir trng - [16839]
salesit - [13049] saponit - [13174]
salic - [13050] sarabauit - [13183]
Salin - [13053],[13061] sarcolit - [13184]
salit - [13066] sarcopsid - [13185]
salmoit - [13068] sardonyc - [13187]
salmonsit - [13069] sarkinit - [13188]
saltpeter - [13084] Sarkmari - [13189]
samari (Sm) - [13097] sarmientit - [13190]
samarskit - [13099] sarospatakit - [13191]
samiresit - [13100] sartorit - [13192]
sampleit - [13105] saryarkit - [13193]
samsonit - [13114] sasolit - [13194]
samuelsonit - [13115] saterlyit - [13200]
sanbornit - [13116] satimolit - [13197]
sandarac - [13119] satpaevit - [13199]
sanderit - [13134] Saucesi - [13205]
sandfall - [13136] sauconit - [13206]
sandia - [13143] saukovit - [13207]
sanding - [13144] sausurit - [13209]
saneroit - [13160] sausurit ha - [13210]
Sangamon - [13161] sau khong ho - [11737]
sanidin - [13162] sau kin to - [11735],[11741]
sanidinit - [13165] sau magma (hu magma) - [5047]
sanidin natri - [14028] sau to ni - [11738]
sanjuanit - [13167] Saxon - [13215]
sanmartinit - [13168] sazinit - [13217]
san bng - [11407],[1160],[894] sng - [13766]
san bng do bng h - [3623] sng t - [13766]
san bng cao a hnh - [553] sng ht t hoc sng - [13334]
san bng v lp y - [3732] sn khoan - [12703]
san h bn tia - [15323] sng mu - [8421],[8429]
San h chui (Halysitidae) - [2566] st di - [14763]
san h dng qut - [5391] snh - [2474]
San h dng si (Chaetitidae) - [2563] sn lng - [2220]
san h n th - [13850],[14088] sn lng ging khoan - [2222]
san h hnh sng - [7014] sn lng (nng sut) hng ngy - [3799]
San h (Anthozoa) - [3417] sn lng hng ngy - [3800]
San h (Anthozoa) (cs) - [807] sn phm bng tan - [5938]
san h Rugosa - [12986] sn xut - [1710]
san h su tia - [6866] sn - [1320],[6547]
San h su tia (Scleractinia) - [13307] sn kt - [6548]
San h tm tia (Octocorallia) - [10270] sn ni la - [16490]
san h to m tiu - [6830] sn than - [2959]
san h to rn - [6830] sn vi - [2111]
san h a sng - [6830] sc k kh - [6033]
San h vch y (Tabulata) - [15054] sc k kh -khi ph k - [6034]
san h vch y - [5437] sc ph kh - [6031]
san lp - [12843] sp xp - [8340]
santafeit - [13169] sp xp ca ht - [10648]
santanait - [13170] sp xp tp hp s theo chiu tng dn - [12284]
santit - [13171] st - [5502],[5536]
Santon - [13172] st dng spat - [14163]
sao - [14384] st magnesi - [8870]
Sao bin c nh (Edrioasteroidea) - [4772] st spatic - [14167]
sao Dim Vng - [11527] st sulfat - [7657]
sao Hi Vng - [10016] st (Fe) - [7631]
sao Ha - [9075] st t sinh - [7631],[7645]
sao Kim - [16334] su - [3896]
sao Mc - [2365],[7822] sm - [3825]
sao Thin Vng - [16183] sp hang - [14225]
sao Th - [13204] sp l hang ng - [2457]
sao Thy - [9237] sp l ha tan - [14100]

806
sp l vo hang - [2466]
sp vn - [3874]
sborgit - [13218]
scachit - [13219]
scandi (Sc) - [13228]
Scaphopoda - [13231]
scapolit - [13232]
scapolit ho - [13233]
scarbroite - [13235]
scawtit - [13248]
schachnerit - [13249]
schafarzikit - [13250]
schairerit - [13251]
schalerit - [13252]
schaurteit - [13253]
scheelite - [13254]
scheferit - [13255]
scheibeit - [13256]
schertelit - [13257]
scheteligit - [13258]
schiefelinit - [13259]
schiller - [13260]
schiller ho - [13262]
schillerspan - [13261]
schirmerit - [13263]
schizolit - [13267]
schlosmacherit - [13269]
schmeiderit - [13270]
schmiterit - [13275]
schneiderhonit - [13276]
schoderit - [13277]
schoenfliesit - [13280]
schoenit - [13281]
schoepit - [13282]
scholzit - [13283]
schorl - [13284]
schorl - [12397]
schorlomit - [13285]
schreibersit - [13287]
schreyerit - [13289]
schroeckingerit - [13290]
schroterit - [13291]
schubnelit - [13292]
schuchardtit - [13293]
schuetteit - [13294]
schuilingit - [13295]
schulenbergit - [13296]
schultenit - [13297]
schumacherit - [13298]
schungit - [13299]
schvatzit - [13302]
schwartzembergit - [13301]
scolecit - [13312]
scorilit - [13314]
scorodit - [13315]
scorzalit - [13316]
scotlandit - [13320]
Scythi - [13343],[13920]
seacyit - [14407]
seamanit - [13378]
searlesit - [13382]
secaninait - [7636]
sechron - [13391]
sederholmit - [13428]
sedovit - [13441]
segelerit - [13452]
seidozerit - [13456]
seinajokit - [13458]
selait - [13504]
selen - [13495]
selenat - [13492]
selenid - [13493]
807
seleni (Se) - [13495]
selenjoseit - [13496]
selen-teluri - [13499]
selenonit - [13497]
self potential (th phn cc t nhin) - [14147]
seligerit - [13444]
seligmannit - [13503]
semenovit - [13508]
semi opal (na opal) - [13512]
semseyit - [13516]
senait - [13517]
senarmontil - [13518]
Senec - [13519]
senegalit - [13520]
sengierit - [13521]
Senoman - [13522]
Senon - [13523]
sepiolit - [13531]
serandit - [13551]
Seravali - [13569]
serendibit - [13552]
sergeevit - [13553]
sericit - [13554]
sericit ha - [13555]
serpentin - [13560]
serpentin ho - [13564]
serpentin mt mo - [13195]
serpentin qu - [11809]
serpierit - [13566]
serpophit - [13567]
setlingit - [13585]
seybertit - [13589]
seyrigit - [13590]
st - [2847],[8613],[979]
st bentonit - [1515]
st bo - [5410]
st b nt n (khi gim m - [5612]
st ct bt - [13832]
st chy - [12174]
st chu la - [5595]
st chu la cha sillic - [13802]
st cha vi - [2089]
st cc - [1293]
st cng - [1589]
st cng chu la - [2400]
st diaspo - [4156]
st diatomit - [4165]
st - [12368]
st giu crom - [2737]
st giy - [10792]
st gm s - [2692]
st ht ln - [2966]
st ht nh - [5579]
st hn (cctr) - [1293]
st ha - [980],[990]
st kt - [985],[988],[989],[991]
st kin to - [13505],[13506]
st lm gch chu la - [12453]
st mch - [2852]
st nguyn sinh - [11844]
st pha ct bt - [13833]
st potber - [11762]
st silic - [5654]
st tn d - [11844],[12545]
st tng - [1845]
st ti ch - [12545]
st than - [12292]
st th sinh - [13396]
st tin chu th - [11898]
st tin delta - [11898]
st trng - [11349],[11686]
st Trung Quc - [2692]
st vi - [9060],[9070] silicat o kp - [14129]
st vi cha ct lc - [6522] silicat ha - [13799]
st xm vng - [16548] silicat khung - [15198],[5865]
st xi mng - [2502] silicat lp - [13658]
so - [2766] silicat mch - [7489]
shabynit - [13592] silicat nhm - [569]
shadlunit - [13593] silicat vng - [12741]
shadlunit mangan - [8964] silic (Si) - [13817]
shafranovskit - [13595] silic ha - [13811],[2676]
shahovit - [13601] silic ha ht - [6439]
shandit - [13610] silic radiolar - [12226]
sharpit - [13615] silicilith - [13814]
shatuckit - [13617] siliciophit - [13815]
shcherbakovit - [13618] silico-magnesiofluorit - [13816]
shcherbinait - [13619] sil hay ocr mu vng - [13784]
sheridanit - [13673] sillimanit - [13824]
sherwoodit - [13674] Silur - [13836]
Shidertin - [13675] Silur h - [8726]
shonkinit - [13693] silvanit - [13837]
shorl - [13713] simetit - [13845]
shorl trng - [16841] simonelit - [13848]
shortit - [13715] simonit - [13849]
shoshonit - [13716] simplotit - [13858]
shuiskit - [13733] simpsonit - [13859]
shungit - [13734] sincosit - [13862]
sial - [13046],[13737] Sinemuri - [13863]
sialit - [13739],[13740] sinerit - [13884]
sialma - [13741] sinhalit - [13873]
sialsima - [13742] sinh cnh - [1634],[4742]
siberit - [13743] sinh a cht - [1612]
sibirskit - [13744] sinh a ha - [1611]
Sicil - [13745] sinh a tng hc - [1631]
sicklerit - [13746] sinh i - [1636]
siderazot - [13750] snh i mt bc 1 - [5602]
siderit - [13751] sinh ha - [1597]
siderit hnh cu - [14248] sinh khong - [9324],[9325],[9330]
siderodot - [13752] sinh khong (tt) - [9537],[9538]
sideroferit - [13753] sinh khong hc - [9330]
siderogel - [13754] sinh kim - [9324],[9325]
sideromelan - [13755] sinh li - [1458]
sideronatrit - [13756] sinh sau - [4084],[4087]
siderophil - [13757] sinh sn hai dng bo t - [6854]
siderophylit - [13758] sinh sng bng cht hu c oxy ha - [2665]
siderospher - [13759] sinh sng bng cht v c oxy ha - [2664]
siderotil - [13760] sinh sng bng ha cht - [2662],[2666]
sidorenkit - [13763] sinh tn - [16002]
Siegen - [13764] sinh thi hc - [4720]
siegenit - [13765] sinh thi hc phng x - [12215]
siu bas - [15989] sinh thi - [1601]
siu basic (tt) - [15991] sinh trng syntactic - [15014]
siu bin cht - [15993] sinh trng tinh th hnh xng - [13910]
siu cu trc - [14901],[14908] sinh trng xon - [14262]
siu chu k - [14894] sinh tng - [1608]
siu i - [14905] sinh vt - [4941]
siu mng (hay siu cu trc) - [14891] sinh vt bm y - [5074]
siu mylonit - [15995] sinh vt coliform (dng coli) - [3069]
siu - [14872] sinh vt c nhn thc - [5180]
siu sima - [15996] sinh vt c tnh th gii - [3478]
siu thun t - [14892] sinh vt n bo c roi - [4698]
sifema - [13771] sinh vt gy bnh - [10927]
siferna - [13772] sinh vt hc - [1624]
sigloit - [13773] sinh vt mt y - [5030]
silenite - [13823] sinh vt ph sinh - [5052]
Silesi - [13785] sinh vt trn cn - [6096]
silex - [13786] sinh vt tri ni - [11422],[11423],[11424]
silexit - [13787] Sini - [13874]
silhydrit - [13788] sinjarit - [13877]
silic - [13800] sinoit - [13885]
silica - [13789] sinop - [13887]
silicalit - [13792] sinopit - [13886]
silicat - [13796],[13798] siphon - [13890]
silicat chui - [2568] siserskit - [13900]

808
sismondin - [13901] sng m - [170]
sit - [12292] sng ct - [13153]
sitaparit - [13902] sng cng hng (vl) - [16710]
sjugrenit - [13908] sng cc ngn - [9473]
skaninait - [13487] sng dch chuyn (vl) - [16714]
skiagit - [13912] sng do gi xoy - [7097]
skinnerit - [13915] sng dc - [8671]
sklodowskit - [13916] sng n hi - [4826]
skolit - [13917] sng o - [3389]
skomerit - [13918] sng u - [6755]
skuterudit - [13919] sng a chn - [13476]
Skythi - [13920] sng ng t - [8805]
slavikit - [13925] sng I - [7732]
slavyanskit - [13926] sng khc x - [16713]
slawsonit - [13927] sng Love (L) - [8703]
slayanskit - [13928] sng lng do gi xoy - [7095]
slide - [13931] sng mt - [8656]
(lp) Tay cun khng khp (Inarticulata) - [7365] sng mt a chn - [1861]
smaltit - [13982] sng mt lg - [8446]
smaragd - [13983] sng micro - [9473]
smaragdit - [13984] sng nn - [16713]
smectit - [13985] sng nn n (vl) - [16713]
smirnit - [13987] sng ngang - [16714]
smirnovit - [13989] sng ngang S - [5093]
smithit - [13990] sng nn - [6755]
smithsonit - [13991] sng P - [8671]
smitsonit - [6007] sng phn x ba ln - [15428]
smolianinovit - [13995] sng phng trong khng gian ba chiu - [11420]
smythit - [14001] sng Rayleigh - [12324]
sobolevit - [14011] sng thn - [15855]
sobolevskit - [14012] sng thy ng - [7143]
sobotkit - [14013] sng va p - [13692]
soda - [14015] sng v b - [527]
sodacla - [14018] st - [12497],[12542]
sodalit - [14031] si - [16377],[2623],[6443],[6475]
sodyit - [14032] si cha ngc - [6075]
sogdianit - [14048] si cha sn - [6444]
sogrenit - [14049] si kt - [6478]
sol kh - [282] si sn - [2386]
solongoit - [14089] si Scotch - [13317]
song hnh trc giao - [10178] si th - [2970],[2971]
song thn kinh (Amphineura) (cs) - [647] sc trt ngang - [7907]
song tinh - [15932],[15935],[15938] sng - [12782],[14522],[14585],[14588],[14589],[14591],
song tinh bin dng - [3925] [14592],[14596],[14599],[14601],[14605],[14606],[5734],
song tinh bin th - [15684] [7966],[822]
song tinh dao ng - [10533] sng n - [2018]
song tinh a hp - [11675],[9814] sng bng - [6282]
song tinh in - [4840] sng b cp dng - [2254]
song tinh i - [15949] sng bi tch - [519]
song tinh n gin - [13856] sng ct - [13154]
song tinh khuu tay - [4830],[6093] sng chy quanh co - [8510]
song tinh lp li - [12519] sng do triu - [15496],[15499]
song tinh lin hp - [3128] sng hnh thnh do qu trnh t chy - [14492]
song tinh phn x - [12444] sng i dng - [4405]
song tinh phc hp - [3174] sng gin on - [4294],[7566]
song tinh quay - [12941] sng hoang d - [16861]
song tinh song song - [10849] sng h - [16641]
song tinh th sinh - [13418] sng lon hng - [7491]
song tinh tip xc - [3322] sng mt dng - [4294]
sonolit - [14121] sng m - [2018]
sonorait - [14122] sng ngi - [4658]
so mu - [3101] sng ngi b cp dng - [1480]
so snh thi gian - [15526] sng ngi hc - [5743]
sopcheit - [14126] sng ngi phn bc - [6394]
sorbit - [14127] sng ngi tin trin - [7462]
sorensenit - [14128] sng ngi tip cn sng bng - [7297]
sosedkoit - [14131] sng ngc dng - [7598]
sosonit - [13716] sng nhnh - [290],[7455]
soucekit - [14132] sng nhnh ct b - [3741]
souzalit - [14146] sng nhnh mc xch - [1327]
si mn dng chy - [11774] sng ni lc - [3349]
sng - [16690] sng sui bi tch - [507]

809
sng sui c lp - [7509] spat magnesi - [8865]
sng sui nhnh (hoc chi lu) thung lng treo - [6701] spat mangan - [8965]
sng sui ni a - [7475],[7536] spat natri - [14029]
sng - [15294] spat nu - [1965]
sng p lc - [11833] spat rarpbery - [12295]
sng cao - [12685],[12686] spat satin - [13198]
sng ct - [13152] spat tm - [13687],[13924],[15052]
sng nh - [12688] spat thoi - [12644]
sng np li - [3123] speccularit (hematit dng vy) - [9414]
sng ni - [1256],[3123],[3544],[4472] spectrolit - [14212]
sng ni cao ln sng - [5226] specularit - [14217]
sng ni y bin - [14777] speiscobalt - [14219]
sng ni gia i dng - [10252] spencerit - [14226]
sng ni gia i dng (kt) - [12684] spencit - [14227]
sng ni lng tru - [7936] spertinit - [14231]
sng ni san h - [3428] sperylit - [14230]
sng ni sc nhn - [8005] spesartin - [14232]
sng ni xm thc - [5112] spesartit - [14233]
sng hang - [3039] sphaerit - [14234]
sng trn ng vt - [5070] sphaerocobaltit - [14235]
sng trn mt trm tch - [5051] sphaerosiderit - [14236]
s c quan h vi nhau - [13110] sphalerit - [14237]
s m cc tiu - [8364] sphen - [14238]
s ng v - [7725] spherit - [14242]
s c lp vi nhau - [13109] spherocobaltit - [14243]
s h khe nt - [7798] spinel - [14252]
s ho - [4213] spinelid - [14255]
s ha - [4218] spinelide - [14256]
s liu - [3832] spinelit - [14257]
s liu u ra - [10565] spinel km - [17140]
s liu a cht - [6152] spinel ruby - [12980],[14253]
s liu kho st thc a - [5551] spinel st - [7655]
s liu thm d a chn c ghi trn bng t - [13485] spionkopit - [14259]
s liu xc nh t obsidian - [10232] Spiriferida - [14265]
s lng - [12132] spirofit - [14266]
s lng neutron vt tri - [7725] spodiosit - [14280]
s nht p - [1736] spodumen - [14281]
s tay hng dn s dng - [6700] SPOT - [14314]
s thng k - [14403] spurit - [14336]
s xc sut cao nht - [9743] srilankit - [14338]
s thng k m - [9509] S-dolostone - [13344]
sn vn hc - [10486] S-tectonit - [14411]
s - [12343],[4132] stafelit - [14356]
s bt - [11784] stainierit - [14363]
s m - [11403] stanfieldit - [14377]
s (hoc m hnh) mng sng hnh khuyn - [768] stanit - [14380]
S phn loi a c - [6172] stanleyit - [14378]
s quy hoch - [4094] stanoidit - [14381]
s ski - [13913] stanopaladinit - [14382]
s thu hi qung - [5320] stantienit - [14383]
s tnh ton kt hp - [7105] staringit - [14387]
sm - [4665] starkeyit - [14388]
si - [16903],[5546] stasfurtit - [14393]
si bm - [6710] staurolit - [14404]
spadait - [14154] stauroscop - [14405]
spalmandit - [14155] staurotit - [14406]
spandit - [14156] stefanit - [1944]
spangolit - [14157] steigerit - [14416]
spar Bng o - [6518] stelerit - [14419]
spar ch - [8349] stenhugarit - [14421]
spar ht trai - [10958] stenonit - [14423]
spar kali - [11752],[8068] stenstrupin - [14415]
spar kim cng - [4146] steotit - [8247]
spar natri - [9898] stepanovit - [14426]
spar nng - [6767] Stephan - [14430]
spar tm - [13659] stephanit - [14431]
spartalit - [14164] stercorit - [14437]
spat - [14160],[14165] stereosphere - [14441]
spatic - [14166] steretit - [14445]
spatos - [14169] sternbergit - [14444]
spat u inh - [9872] steryit - [14446]
spat ho - [14168] stetefeldtit - [14447]

810
stevensit - [14448] suitit - [14952]
stewartit - [14449] suitzerit - [14959]
stibarsen - [14450] sukulait - [14836]
stibianit - [14451] sulfat - [14839]
stibiconit - [14452] sulfat ch - [8350]
stibi (Sb) - [832] sulfat cobalt - [2992]
stibiobetafit - [14453] sulfat nickel - [10069]
stibiocolumbit - [14454] sulfat st hai mu vng - [17038]
stibiopaladinit - [14455] sulfat trng - [16844]
stibiotantalit - [14456] sulfit - [14846]
stibit mangan - [8975] sulfoborit - [14848]
stibium - [14457] sulfohalit - [14849],[14859]
stibivanit - [14458] sulfo mui - [14850]
stibnit - [14459],[835] sulfua - [14840]
stichit - [14460] sulfua ho - [14845]
stilbit - [14463] sulfur ho - [14851]
stileit - [14464] sulfur Ni-As - [10064]
stilpnomelan - [14468] sulfur (S) - [14852]
stilvelit - [14467] sulphatit - [14857]
stilwaterit - [14466] sulphat km - [17141]
stipoverit - [14470] sulphoborit - [14858]
stishovit - [14471] sulphotsumoit - [14860]
stistait - [14472] sulphur km - [17130]
stokesit - [14479] sulvanit - [14863]
stolzit - [14481] sundtit - [14868]
stotit - [14509] sunstone - [14870]
stranskit - [14524] suolunit - [14871]
strashimirit - [14525] sui - [12790],[12989],[12990],[14578],[16660],[4294],
strathingit - [14521] [4658],[5685],[6646],[7946],[7966]
stratlingit - [14568] sui chy ngc hng (ngc dng) so vi dng nguyn
stratotyp - [14571] thy - [822]
stratotyp b phn - [3177] sui chy qua hay dc theo lp phn - [2596]
stratotyp lin hp - [3189] sui dng chui - [1451]
stratotyp phn v - [16094] sui hin ti - [14607]
stratotyp ranh gii - [1859] sui h - [8486]
stratotyp tng - [5349] sui (dng chy) - [5746]
strelkinit - [14608] sui karst - [7888]
strengit - [14609] sui np li - [816]
strezekit - [14637] sui ngc hng - [824]
strigovit - [14644] sui nh - [14333],[3486],[3534]
stringhamit - [14657] sui su - [7949]
Stromatoporata - [14663] sui tr - [17073]
stromeyerit - [14664] sui trong sa mc - [16635]
strontianit - [14665] sui t sinh - [13500]
stronti do phng x sinh ra - [12222] surinamit - [14921]
stronti-87 - [14671] sursasit - [14922]
stronti (Sr) - [14670] susanit - [14923]
strontioborit - [14666] susexit - [14926]
strontiochevkinit - [14667] suy gim - [3928]
strontioginorit - [14668] suy gim th tch do phong ha - [71]
strontiohilgardit - [14669] suy lun - [7435]
Strophomenida - [14673] suy thoi mi trng - [4996]
strunzit - [14716] suzukiit - [14932]
struverit - [14719] sng phun va xi mng - [2505]
struvit - [14720] si nc - [11353]
stumpflit - [14724] sc kh - [272]
sturtit - [14725] st - [3076],[6569]
stutit - [14722] st ln - [14797],[4486]
stylaster - [14726] st ln do khai thc ngm - [9554]
styxtzit - [14731] st ln kin to - [15184]
suanit - [14732] st ln mt t - [8229]
suartzit - [14945] st ln ra - [11085]
sut thm lc - [7444] st ln song song ca sn - [10845]
sut ti a cho php - [9128] st trng ha tan - [14114]
substitut - [14809] sng - [4102]
sucinit - [14825] sng gi - [5936]
sudburyit - [14827] sng mui - [5936],[6933]
sudoit - [14830] sn - [13954],[2884],[5637]
suedenborgit - [14951] sn bi bin - [1448]
suesit - [14831] sn cy mn - [11490]
sugilit - [14834] sn c - [10726]
suinefordit - [14958] sn dc - [10744]

811
sn dc cui rnh - [10611] s cng sinh - [10819]
sn dc do t gy - [5420] s hnh thnh khi nm ( mi dc ) - [16747]
sn dc ng - [5130],[5422] s hnh thnh thc vt chu hn - [16987]
sn dc ln - [16134] s ha mn - [7062]
sn l - [13234] s hp dng - [14600]
sn o - [7508] s kt hp - [1093]
sn t gy - [5417],[5422] s khng chnh hp gc - [735]
sn t gy phc tp - [3179] s kin cc tnh - [11603]
sn khi tng - [1731] s lin trng - [3234]
sn l tch - [15087] s nng - [12247]
sn lc a - [3354] s nng ln ton cu - [6320]
sn nghing - [1255] s nhim mi - [10274]
sn ni - [9772],[9773] s pht trin song song - [10843]
sn ni dc ng - [9777] s phn lp - [14532]
sn phn bc - [6393] s sp hang - [2477]
sn pha bin - [10286] s tch - [13530]
sn pha bin ca t lin - [13366] s to hm ch - [16048]
sn pha nam - [251] s to l hng - [2478]
sn qu dc - [10589] s tng mc nc bin ton cu - [6318]
sn rn - [12419] s thnh to hang - [2477]
sn ra tri - [16592] s thnh to than bn - [10762]
sn thm - [15293] s thm him - [2477]
sn thoi chn ni - [11294] s thng hoa - [14765]
sn tch - [13935],[3975] s tiu hao - [1162]
sn trng lc - [6501] s tin ha song song - [10840]
sn trc rn - [12422] s tch ly - [130]
sn vch - [13239],[13244] s tch t ct - [1320]
sn vng bin - [8143] s trm tch c chu k - [3764]
sn vng bin dc ng - [8132],[8140] svabit - [14933]
sn xm thc vch ng - [6312] svamboit - [14943]
sng ct - [16897] svanbergit - [14934]
sng mai - [2260] sveit - [14935]
sa - [9179] sverigeit - [14936]
sc bn - [12567],[13635],[14610] svetlozarit - [14937]
sc bn b mt - [4322] svitalskit - [14938]
sc bn ct khng c kt-khng thot nc - [16043] svyazhinit - [14939]
sc bn ct UU - [16043] sychnodymit - [14960]
sc bn chy do - [17058] syenid - [14961]
sc bn cc i - [10950] syenit - [14962]
sc bn di hn ca va b tng phun - [8659] syenit catapleit - [2413]
sc bn d - [12555] syenit feldspar kim - [459]
sc bn ko n trc - [16074] syenit kim cha pyroxen - [12105]
sc bn ko (ca t ) - [15254] syenit nephelin - [10008],[4857],[9476]
sc bn nn - [3210] syenittoid - [14963]
sc bn nn ba trc - [15761] syenit pyroxen - [12112]
sc bn nn ca khe nt - [7789] syenit thch anh - [12163]
sc bn nn n trc - [16034],[16072] Syenit thch anh feldspar kim - [458]
sc cng mao dn - [2241] syenodiorit - [14964]
sc chu ti mi cc - [11588] syenogabro - [14965]
sc chng - [12567],[14610] sylvanit - [14966]
sc cha - [2220] sylvin - [14967]
sc khng - [12567],[14610],[2631] sylvinit - [14968]
sc khng ct - [13643] sylvit - [14969]
sc khng ca t - [11026] symplesit - [14982]
sc khng i vi bng - [5941] synadelphit - [14985]
sc khng ma st - [5915] synantectic - [14986]
sc khng nh - [12022] synchisit - [14994]
sc khng xuyn - [11026] synchysit - [14998]
sc khng xuyn ng tiu chun (tr s N) - [14372] synchysit-(Y) - [14999]
shngeit - [14050] syngenit - [15008]
s dng - [896] syntactic - [15013]
s dng hp l nguyn liu khong sn - [3202] syntaxy - [15018]
s dng t hp nguyn liu khong - [3202] syntectit - [15020]
sa m tiu (milk m tiu) - [12426] synthem - [15023]
s b cp nc di t - [6588] sysertskit - [15029]
s b sung nc - [4279] szaibelyit - [15033]
s bm - [12040] szaskait - [15034]
s bc nc - [16639] szmikit - [15035]
s chng ct - [4366] szomolnokit - [15036]
s c mn - [1162] tabashe - [15039]
s c m - [9547] Tabian - [15041]
s c mi trng - [5002] tabyit - [15040]

812
tacharanit - [15055] taxit - [15132]
tachyhydrit - [15056] taxon - [15134]
tachylyt - [15057] tay - [1884]
tactit - [15059] Tayloran - [15135]
tadzhikit - [15060] taylorit - [15136]
taeniolit - [15061] tay bt mi - [2800]
taenit - [15062] tay chia nhnh u - [7718]
tafeit - [15038] tay cun - [2798],[2800]
Taghanic - [15063] Tay cun c khp (Articulata) (cs) - [1060]
tagilit - [15064] tay cun c khp (cs) - [11044]
tai - [4661] Tay cun (Brachiopoda) (cs) - [1883]
taiga - [15065] tay ton phn - [6969]
tai bin - [2415] tay t do - [5880]
tai bin a cht - [6146] tay (cs) - [1877]
tai bin a cht nhn to - [7048],[8987] tazheranit - [15137]
tai ha ni la - [16462] ti liu hng dn c bn - [7013]
tai (cs) - [1172],[1173] ti nguyn - [12573]
tai nn m - [9547] ti nguyn cn kinh t xc nh - [7310]
tainiolit - [15071] ti nguyn c iu kin - [3242]
takanelit - [15072] ti nguyn gi nh - [7269]
takovit - [15073] ti nguyn khong sn - [9526]
talc - [15074] ti nguyn nc - [16663]
talc serpentin - [13563] ti nguyn suy on - [14218]
talc steatit - [14410] tn d - [12497],[12542],[12559]
talcit - [15075] tn d bc mn - [14354]
talcoid - [15076] tn d ha hc - [2657]
talmesit - [15079] tn d khng n nh - [16108]
talnakhit - [15080] tn d khng tan - [7501]
talus bi tch - [523] tn d t nhin - [11254]
taluy m tiu - [12430] tn ph - [4070]
tamarait - [15090] tn tch - [4877]
tamarugit - [15091] tc dng biu sinh - [12592]
tam gic chu - [3949],[3962] tc dng mao dn - [2228]
tam gic chu ca sng - [5153] tc dng vn chuyn ca thy triu - [15487]
tam gic chu di bin - [14770] tc ng - [4774],[4776]
tam gic chu hnh qut - [5392] tc ng bng h - [6266]
tam gic chu thm lc a - [13665] tc ng do ng bng - [5937]
tam gic lch bn phng - [15334] tc ng trc tip - [4275]
tam hnh - [15794] tch - [10947],[13778],[8345]
tam sc - [15766] tch b cht dinh dng - [10211]
tam tinh - [15455],[15789],[15790] tch gi y i dng - [14320]
tancoit - [15094] tch gin - [12694],[12700]
taneyamalit - [15095] tch gin y i dng - [13373],[14319]
tangeit - [15096] tch gin gia y i dng - [10247]
tangiwai - [15098] tch gin gc - [738]
tan bng - [4013] tch ngc - [12607]
tan mn - [20] tch phin (do ng sut) - [12856]
tantalaeshynit-(Y) - [15101] tch ra - [10906],[2168]
tantalit - [15102] tch trt bng tri - [8376]
tantalit mangan - [8976] ti kt tinh - [12350]
tantan (Ta) - [15103] ti kt tinh bin dng - [14518]
tanteuxenit - [15104] ti kt tinh ng lc - [4638]
tantit - [15105] ti kt tinh suy bin - [3929]
tanzanit - [15106] ti kt tinh suy thoi - [3927]
tapiolit - [15113] ti lng ng - [12617]
tapiolit mangan - [8977] ti lng ng kh thnh - [11557]
taramelit - [15114] ti sinh - [12483]
taramit - [15115] ti sinh ng dng - [6990]
taranakit - [15116] ti trm tch - [12379],[12533]
tarantulit - [15117] ti trm tch bn vng - [12568]
tarapacait - [15118] tm mt ba - [15807]
tarasovit - [15119] tn - [3455]
tarbutit - [15120] tn sc quay - [12948]
tasmanit - [15121] tn x tia X - [17007]
tatarskit - [15122] t ngn (b tri) - [8374]
taumauit - [15131] ti c ch - [13557]
tausonit - [15125] ti trng - [14910],[8605]
tautirit - [15126] ti trng chy do - [17055]
tavistockit - [15127] ti trng cht thm ln nn - [14910]
tavolatit - [15128] ti trng cho php - [13032]
tavorit - [15129] ti trng c nh - [3864]
tawit - [15130] ti trng ca sng - [8608]

813
ti trng im - [11584] to ni Pyrenean - [12061]
ti trng ng - [8586] to ni Rocky Mountin - [12868]
ti trng lp ph - [12468] to ni Saali - [13017]
ti trng tc ng ban u - [5247] to ni Sardic - [13186]
ti trng tp trung - [11584] to ni Savic - [13211]
ti trng theo tuyn - [8497] to ni Sivier - [13906]
ti trng thit k - [4061] to ni Styrian - [14730]
ti trng th nghim - [15313] to ni Sudet - [14829]
tng bng - [6268] to ni Taconi - [15058]
tng bng ni - [2153] to ni Varisc - [16280]
tng cng - [10771] to qung - [10433]
tng ln - [1842] to rift - [12700]
tng ln nh - [16377] to st - [4876]
tng st tiu mn - [26] to thnh t magma - [8837]
tng v bng h - [3271] to vm - [944]
To n ngun (Arcritarcha) (cs) - [173] to vm trn hm o trong phn lp (cctr) - [932]
to cu cong - [3782] to vn - [2827]
to cu hnh r - [2172] tp cht - [3323]
To cu (Chrysophyceae) - [3006] tp nhiu - [10122]
to cu vng - [3769] tng dn - [11912],[126]
to - [12364] tng dn ln - [122]
To lam (Cyanophyceae) - [3753] tng mn t bin ca nc bin - [6689]
To lam (Cyanophyta) (cs) - [1746] tng ln - [257]
To lc (Chlorophyta) - [6511] tng lu lng khng kh vo m - [3830]
to lc-vng (cs) - [17041] tng th tch - [2001]
to nang c gai - [2729] tng trng - [7380]
to nu (cs) - [1960] tng trng kin to - [15153]
to (Algae) (cs) - [428] tng trng lc a - [3331]
to () - [435] tng trng na mnh - [6812]
To (cs) - [431] tng t s tn hiu - [14882]
to san h - [3429] tng t s tn hiu/nhiu - [13780]
To silic - [4160] tt biu kin - [886]
To silic trung tm - [2527] tm - [2516]
to u - [10335],[10338] tm ch nht (trong dng c quang hc) - [2521]
To vng (Cyclocrinales) - [3766] tm ca bn nn ch nht - [2533]
to vi - [2087] tm i xng - [14976],[2534]
ti ch - [1188],[1189],[12559],[7490],[7495] tm l khoan - [2519]
ti hin trng - [7490],[7495] tm lc a - [3345]
ti sinh - [1181],[1183],[1184] tm lc hp dn - [2517]
ti vch g chng thnh h o - [15523] tm ni la - [16486]
to bng - [5601] tm song tinh - [15934]
to bng rm - [15248] tn ng vt hc - [2515]
to dng - [2622] tn kin to - [10004]
to - [12845],[2507],[4126] Tn sinh - [2067],[2514],[7836]
to bin tinh - [11135] Tn thc vt - [2511]
to bin li - [12471] tng - [1097],[1304],[14527],[14573],[2497],[4478],[5676],
to t mi do qu trnh lu di ca sng v nc chy - [7004]
[527] tng A - [358],[7005]
to t gy - [5428] tng albic - [409]
to karst - [7893] tng argilit - [986]
to knh - [2622] tng B - [1565],[7006]
to khong - [9511] tng bng h kh cn - [4577]
to khong mi - [9999] tng bn hoc t - [13953]
to mt ct (tm kim) - [11904] tng C - [2732]
to mng - [2622] tng cu trc trn - [14901]
to nn cc ht nh - [6442] tng chn - [3264]
to ni - [10478],[10479],[10480],[10481],[10482],[15150], tng chn trong m du - [2217],[2219]
[15151],[9760] tng chun - [10522]
to ni Acadi - [86] tng cha - [12539]
to ni Alpin - [540] tng cha nc - [16636],[910]
to ni armori - [1020] tng cha nc artesi - [1046]
to ni Assynti - [1103] tng cha nc bn p - [13509]
to ni Avaloni - [1208] tng cha nc b chn - [3261]
to ni Hecxini - [14761] tng cha nc c p - [3261]
to ni Baikali - [1279] tng cha nc c - [10670]
to ni Belti - [1496] tng cha nc khng p - [16031]
to ni Caledoni - [2150] tng cha nc mn - [13056]
to ni Hecxini mun - [14761] tng cha nc ngm - [16678]
to ni Hercyni - [6824] tng cc tnh o - [11616]
to ni Kimmeri - [7970] tng l ra theo chiu thng ng - [13425]
to ni nguyn sinh - [11859] tng thch hc - [8557]
to ni Penokean - [11039] tng nh du - [1614],[9050],[9052],[9053]

814
tng t - [8338] tp trung ct bi - [13826]
tng t ci - [6718] tp trung nguyn t - [4851]
tng ( - [7007] tp trung ng sut - [3227]
tng (lp) t mn - [7084] tp va - [1097],[1311]
tng H - [6887] tt "nghin t" - [6186]
tng lp t nm ngang - [14056] tealit - [15141]
tng nin i - [2743] tectit - [15148]
tng nin i a tng - [2747] tectogene - [6211]
tng nc h su - [7257] tectonic - [6212]
tng ph - [3502] tectonics - [6214]
tng ph (cctr) - [2248] Tectonit - [15189],[15206]
tng rimstone - [12731] tectonit nguyn sinh - [11867]
tng st kt - [986] tectotope - [15201]
tng sinh vt - [1614] teineit - [15204]
tng than - [2960] tektit - [15205]
tng thch hc - [8573] tektit ng Dng - [7412]
tng th nhng - [348] telargpalit - [15207]
tng th nhng ABC - [13] tellur mu en - [1693]
tng thi a tng - [2747] telurantimon - [15213]
tn s nt n - [7792] telurat - [15214]
tn s t nhin - [9931] telurbismut - [15215]
tn sut khng gian - [14174] telurid - [15222]
tn sut l - [5670] teluri (Te) - [15224]
tm - [15048] teluri mu vng - [17047]
tm - [1697] teluri trng - [16843]
tm bo v - [11625] telurit - [15223]
tm chn trc - [5928] telurit TeO2 - [15220]
tm y hon chnh - [3163] telurobismutit - [15227]
tm khuyt - [3983] telurohau-checornit - [15228]
tm mica - [9417] teluropaladinit - [15229]
tm m - [5062] TEM - [15231]
tm mng - [13644],[8171],[8178] temagamit - [15232]
tm ngang - [15049] temsomet - [15246]
tm nh t - [3550] tenantit - [15250]
tm nhn (cs) - [175] tengerit - [15249]
tm Reichenbach - [12475] tenorit - [15251]
tm ri - [15099] tenx - [15266]
tm su cnh - [15049] tenx ng sut - [14633]
tm selenit - [13494] tephrit - [15271]
tm tam gic hu mn (cs) - [660] tephritoid - [15272]
tm tay (cs) - [1881] tephrit sng mu - [8432]
tm thch anh - [12159] tephroit - [15274]
tm trong - [7483] teran - [15298]
tm tr - [10763] teran bin cht - [9352]
tm tuttle - [15928] teran bi kt - [120],[129]
tm vch - [14577] teran a tng - [14561]
tm xen ru ming - [5062] terarosa - [15299]
ty u (cthv) - [4063] terbi (Tb) - [15275]
tp - [13574],[9225] Terebratellacea - [15276]
tp bn - [1132] Terebratellidina - [15277]
tp on - [3096],[3097] Terebratulacea - [15279]
tp hp - [1093] Terebratulida - [15282]
tp hp caldera - [2147] terlinguait - [15283]
tp hp cc s liu c trng cho mi mt vng trong min ternovskit - [15288]
a l no - [9004] tershit - [15305]
tp hp chn mu ngu nhin - [12276] terskit - [15303]
tp hp i - [7850] terugit - [15306]
tp hp khong vt - [9505] teschenit - [15308]
tp hp khng cn bng - [4333] teshemacherit - [15307]
tp hp mang qung - [9316] testibiopaladit - [15311]
tp hp nhnh gai - [2807] tetraauricuprit - [15322]
tp hp (nhm) mu - [13108],[13109],[13110] tetradymit - [15324]
tp hp s liu - [12346] tetraferoplatin - [15325]
tp hp ti kt tinh - [330] tetrahedrit - [15343]
tp hp to - [429] tetrakalsilit - [15346]
tp hp th - [2965] tetranatrolit - [15351]
tp hp vn chuyn - [15709] tetraquricuprit - [15352]
tp (a tng bn ) - [491] tetrauickmanit - [15353]
tp tin - [5563] tn chung cho cc loi qung - [9320]
tp tnh - [6661],[6662] Tn c ca a cht hc - [6133]
tp tnh hc - [5159] tn c ca syncline - [15000]
tp tnh tng trng - [6615] tn (Belemnitida) (cs) - [1485]

815
t bo bo t m - [14304],[14305] than nn - [2202],[2208],[2209]
t bo dng amip (cs) - [634] than nn chng nn - [3247]
t bo mng dy - [3085] than parafin - [10816]
t bo m - [9744] than st - [12291]
t bo phn hoa m - [11632] than th cha tuyn - [12317]
t bo vng ai - [2718] thaumasit - [15363]
tp - [13574],[5563] thay i - [2609],[547]
tp tin - [5563] thay i hng - [4404]
TGA - [15356] thay i khong vt - [9520]
tha hnh - [16980],[4342],[493],[740],[747] thay i mc nc bin v i dng do bng sp -
tha sinh - [487] [6281]
thalcusit - [15357] thay i tng - [5346]
thalenit - [15358] thay th - [12521],[14810]
thalfenisit - [15359] thay th ng hnh - [7702]
thali (Tl) - [15361] thay th hng tm - [2532]
thalit - [15360] thay th ion - [11970],[7611]
tham chiu - [12437] thay th song tinh - [15941]
tham kho - [12437] thay vch - [5329]
than - [2314] thnh - [15905],[16559]
Thaneti - [15362] thnh - [8542]
thang ng t - [13224],[7516] thnh sm - [4666]
thang cng k thut - [15146] thnh h - [5813]
thang mercali - [9597] thnh h cha nc - [16608]
thang nhit F - [5357] thnh h cha st - [7635]
thang nhit Fahrenheit - [5357] thnh h i dng - [10251]
thang nhit Kelvin - [7917] thnh h st - [7637]
thang nng chy - [5966] thnh h st kiu Algoma - [443]
thang thi gian nguyn t - [1150] thnh h st tng carbonat - [2301]
thang thi gian (trn bng a chn) - [15530] thnh h st tng silicat - [13797]
thang tui a cht - [6147] thnh h st tng sulfua - [14844]
thanh - [1697] thnh h - [8163]
thanh chng - [13696] thnh khung xng phc hp - [3199]
thanh chng ng - [14717] thnh ngoi - [5307]
thanh composit - [3181] thnh trc - [5935]
thanh c mc ( ko) - [4521] thnh phn bay hi - [16456]
thanh - [2372] thnh phn ct bi trong mu t - [13828]
thanh neo (cctr) - [688] thnh phn dch trt thng ng trong mt t gy -
thanh ni - [14989],[14991],[3286],[7814] [16370]
thanh x - [15659] thnh phn ht ca t - [6407]
than bitum - [6035] thnh phn ht t khng ng u - [16081]
than bitum giu carbon - [10797] thnh phn ha - [2652]
than bn - [10960],[13182],[1769] thnh phn kim loi - [9310]
than bn b - [2564] thnh phn mi trng - [4993]
than bn b ri - [3604] thnh phn ph - [102]
than bn caluna - [2161] thnh phn thng ng ca dch trt thc trong mt t
than bn conferva - [3257] gy - [16371]
than bn c dng si - [5548] thnh phn thng ng (Z) ca t trng tri t - [16363]
than bn m ly cao - [6903] thnh phn ng sut lch - [4098]
than bn c thnh to trong m ly - [11336] thnh phn ng sut ngoi mt phng (php tuyn vi mt
than bn forest - [5804] phng) (cctr) - [840]
than bn forest-moss - [5803] thnh phn ng sut thy tnh - [7201]
than bn to nc ngt - [3257] "thnh ph " - [12833]
than bn thch nam - [2161] thnh to cng tui - [14996]
than bn v nh hnh - [637] thnh to ng thi - [14996]
than bn vng i - [6916] thnh to a hnh - [5157]
than cha phn - [558] thnh to hang ng - [14225]
than cc t nhin - [2319],[9929] thnh to hn n - [9198]
than dng nn - [11976],[7057] thnh to mi - [9993]
than - [2270] thnh vch - [13543]
than gi nn - [11976],[7057] thnh v - [16559]
than g - [17014] thnh v dng mt li - [2839]
than ha - [2317],[2318],[2320] thc - [3801]
than humit - [7058] thc dp v - [7794]
than keo mn - [7070] thc dung nham - [8303]
than khng dnh kt - [17067] thc ln - [2414]
than lignit dng t - [4694] thc nc - [16624],[2384],[2764],[5370]
than lignit g - [17016],[17017] Thi Dng - [14867]
than la di - [2202],[2203] Thi Dng h - [14069]
than m - [2270] tho d magma - [8852]
than mn cy - [7058],[7083] tho nc - [10563]
than nu - [1760] tho nc trong h cha nhanh - [14828]
than nu dng t - [4694] thp - [12058],[15655]

816
thp ba phng - [15776] thm d tn cng - [10345]
thp bn phng - [15331] thm d thm - [10345]
thp bn phng kp - [4391] thm d trng lc - [6497]
thp i - [1639] Thn ln hng chim - [10476]
thp i ba phng - [15773] thng c - [10497]
thp i bn phng - [15326] thng di bin - [13383]
thp karst - [11047],[15656],[7890],[9600] thng mp - [12357]
thp khuyt - [3984] thm sinh - [7254],[7255]
thp nhn - [11341] thn - [10986]
thp 6 phng kp - [4223] thn khi trt - [8216]
thm ha - [2415] thn mm hai mnh - [12984]
thch anh - [12139] thn mm hai mnh (cs) - [10964]
thch anh alpha - [534] Thn mm (Mollusca) - [9623]
thch anh aventurin - [1213] thn qung - [10416],[10420],[1311]
thch anh m khi - [13993] thn qung cng nghip - [10937]
thch anh beta - [1552] thn qung dng sng - [12879],[12884],[12885]
thch anh cao nhit - [6905] thn qung hoc ko di - [11352]
thch anh cu vng - [12244] thn qung thay th - [12523]
thch anh cha rutil - [13012] thn qung th cn - [10452]
thch anh c hc - [5662] thn sau - [7275]
thch anh dng lng - [5444] thn sa - [2776]
thch anh dumortierit - [4596] thn sa mu gan - [6821]
thch anh hnh giun - [16341] thm - [13445],[13446]
thch anh hi - [14469] thm cng bc - [7416]
thch anh hng - [12917] thm lu - [11058]
thch anh lam - [13177] thm lc - [10536],[7440],[7439]
thch anh mu nht - [9674] thm r - [4796]
thch anh mu vng - [17046],[2802] thm r nc c p (artesi) - [1050]
thch anh mu xanh - [1750] thm xuyn - [8359]
thch anh mc chp - [2246] thm xuyn lu vc - [16669]
thch anh sagenit - [13037] thp - [8705]
thch anh sao - [14389] thp nh du ng ranh gii - [1291]
thch anh saphir - [13177] thu knh - [8392],[8394]
thch anh thp nhit - [8712] thu knh Bertran - [1538]
thch anh tm - [622] thu knh kin to - [15174]
thch anh tm phng ng - [10461] thu knh nc nht - [5901]
thch anh topaz - [15604] thm nh a tng - [14545]
thch anh vng - [6351] thm thu - [10536],[11108],[13445]
thch anh vng nh - [1211],[1213] theisit - [15369]
thch cao - [6651],[6653] thenardit - [15371]
thch cao dng bng - [2462] theo di ln - [13581]
thch cao dng hoa - [2464] theo ng - [8497]
thch cu - [16278] theo hng dng chy - [4484]
thch cu rng - [16213] theralit - [15372]
thch cu rng (th) - [16381] thp my ct - [3743]
thch a tng - [11164],[12859],[8576] thp mi khoan - [3743]
thch i - [8575] thm mui - [13072]
thch ha - [11136] thm - [1499],[1503],[15289]
thch hc - [11152],[8562] thm aluvi - [14579],[524]
thch hc cu trc - [11137],[11140] thm m tiu - [12431]
thch k - [3772] thm bo mn - [5114]
thch lun - [11160] thm bin - [13367],[9046]
thch lun cu trc - [14702] thm bin nng cao - [7865]
thch lun ngun gc - [11144] thm bi tch do sng to nn - [1840]
thch lun thc nghim - [5277] thm b - [13711]
thch lun v m - [8798] thm b ma ng - [16902]
thch quyn - [14077],[14441],[8567] thm b sau - [1264]
thch tng - [8557] thm canhon hay thm hp - [2215]
thch tn - [1029] thm cao - [554]
thch vt l hc - [11163] thm ct dng - [14583]
thm d - [11931],[11934],[11935],[5282] thm cu trc - [14707]
thm d b sung cho khai thc - [10345] thm chn ni - [11296]
thm d chi tit - [4072] thm c cc bc bng t mn - [15917]
thm d nh gi - [10345] thm c vch ng pha dc xung - [14435]
thm d t nn - [14055],[14062] thm dng ch V - [16534]
thm d a chn - [13467] thm do khc un - [9153]
thm d a ha - [6110] thm do sng to nn - [16693]
thm d a nhit - [6223] thm - [14583]
thm d hin trng - [5555] thm y - [14529]
thm d khai thc - [10345] thm y thung lng - [16238]
thm d nng cp - [10345] thm o - [7507]
thm d s b - [6090],[6154] thm ng bng - [15291]

817
thm c vin bng - [14485] th tch t vt liu ra tri di - [16245]
thm t gy - [5424] th trng bo ha - [13202]
thm hay bc thm chu k - [3765] th trng nc - [16810]
thm h - [8167] th trng ri (cctr) - [1996]
thm kp - [10660],[7494] th t - [16978]
thm kh hu - [2893] th tng - [4224]
thm khng cp i - [16102] th tng dng mch (dike dng mch) - [16305]
thm khng chu k - [10134] th vm - [1829]
thm lp y - [5565] th vn cc - [11010]
thm lp y bng - [5568] th vn cc t cht thi sinh vt - [5445]
thm lp y ht - [5566] th xm nhp - [7583],[7584]
thm lng - [7494] th xm nhp cocolit dng st - [8685]
thm lc a - [13662],[2977],[3347],[3351] th xm nhp dng ng - [11347]
thm mi mn do sng - [16703] th xoang - [3041]
thm mt b - [13701] th xon h hp - [7198]
thm rng chn ni - [11287] thin thch dng cu a khong - [11674]
thm ra tri - [10575] thin thch cha tp hp tinh th ca diopsid (75%) v
thm st ng khu - [13662] olivin - [9875]
thm sng v - [1990],[6910],[9029] thin thch st - [7631],[7643],[7656]
thm sng - [12805] thin thch st- - [14495]
thm sng bng - [6279] thiu kt - [5919]
thm sui - [14601] thic (Sn) - [15542]
thm tch t - [4538] thic en - [1694]
thm travectin - [15726] thic g - [16943]
thm trc rn - [12423] thic mt cc - [15570]
thm trt - [8221] thic nha - [12565],[12923]
thm ven b - [8583] thic sa khong - [525]
thm vng bin - [8141] thit b - [7121]
thm xa b - [10287] thit b Casagrande - [8526]
thm xm thc - [5114] thit b ct cnh - [16256]
thm xen k - [549] thit b ct mu t trc tip - [13622]
Th - [5073] thit b ct phng trc tip - [4282]
th cc tnh - [11602] thit b ct vng mu t - [12740]
th hiu oxy ha-kh (Eh) - [12392] thit b cht ti - [8609]
th ion ha - [7617] thit b m - [12882]
th nng - [11767] thit b m bn rung - [16392]
th nng ca dng chy - [14590] thit b m bnh lp - [12969]
th nm - [1473] thit b m chn cn dng nn - [15107]
th nm ca cc tm lava song song vi nm di - thit b m t vi bnh hi - [11547]
[8182] thit b m nn - [15093]
th nm dc ng - [1204] thit b nh du trn thang thi gian - [15531]
th nhit ng hc - [15398] thit b gy cc dao ng n hi (ngun pht trong
th phn cc t nhin - [13501] thm d a chn) - [14483]
th v - [11969] thit b sang bng t trong thm d a chn - [13457]
th o ngoi - [4759] thit b nh hng li khoan - [10468]
th bo t - [14312] thit b nh hng li khoan craelius - [3517]
th bo v - [15230] thit b o - [6053]
th bu - [1829] thit b o bin dng ngang - [8265]
th chai - [2162] thit b o c kt - [3307]
th cha nc di t - [6599] thit b o Demec - [3979]
th cha nc gia hai nhnh sng hnh ch Y - [17078] thit b o lc ko - [15258]
th cng cht a hnh (ng cht d hnh) - [500] thit b o nghing - [7374]
th hn n - [490] thit b o t - [8889]
th keo - [3090] thit b gia ti - [8609]
th khoang trong - [4930] thit b ht - [1280],[1281]
th khuu - [6094] thit b (b) dng c cm bin vi phn tuyn tnh (LVDT) -
th lai tp - [490] [8505]
th lc - [8688] thit b km theo - [102]
th lc c mu tay gp np - [12015] thit b khoan - [12702]
th lc c tay i xng hai bn - [17229] thit b ly mu - [13107]
th lc c tay xon - [14268] thit b ly mu kiu piston - [11364]
th lc vng - [15819] thit b lu - [12882]
th lc x rng - [13268] thit b no vt lng sng - [4496]
th ngoi lai - [16978],[479] thit b nn c kt - [3307]
th ng - [11492] thit b nn t mt trc - [10276]
th qut - [5625] thit b nghin v trn vt liu - [12030]
th sao kp (cs) - [641] thit b oedometer - [3307]
th sn - [2162] thit b phun - [14332]
th tm - [11387] thit b quan trc chy in - [4836]
Th tch - [16523] thit b quan trc c l - [9162]
th tch l rng hu hiu - [4787] thit b quay ly tm - [2530]
th tch tuyt i - [58] thit b san phng - [13331]

818
thit b sng - [13770] th nghim nn a trc - [11645]
thit b to rnh - [6553] th nghim nn n trc - [16071],[16073]
thit b thm d a chn bin - [13466] th nghim nn hai trc (cctr) - [1570]
thit b thi cng ng ngm - [9621] th nghim nn khng n hng - [16033]
thit b th nghim ct xch tay - [11719] th nghim nn thy tnh - [7202]
thit b th nghim h s thm ca t vi ct nc thay th nghim nn vi tc bin dng khng i - [3313]
i - [5375] h nghim nn vi tc gia tng p lc khng i (c
thit b th nghim nn - [3212] nh) - [3312]
thit b th nghim nn c kt - [3308] th nghim nh cc - [12023]
thit b trc quang - [10387] th nghim phc hi mc nc - [12349]
thit b xuyn cn - [3255] th nghim rung - [13603]
thit b xuyn t - [11028] th nghim ti a im kho st - [5561]
thit b xuyn tnh - [3255],[4623] th nghim tng cha nc - [912]
thit l khoan - [1811] th nghim th ti - [8607]
thit k cp phi trm xi mng - [9579] th nghim trong phng - [8100]
thit k khai o - [5233] th nghim trng n - [14956]
thit k mng lc - [5571] th nghim un dm (cctr) - [1455]
thit k m - [9503] th nghim vi mu hnh ng - [6951]
thit lp quan trc hin trng - [5554] th nghim xuyn cn - [3254]
thiu ht oxy - [10633] th nghim xuyn ng tiu chun - [14373]
thinolit - [15423] th nghim xuyn ti hin trng - [11027]
thiospinel - [15424] th trng - [9054]
tha ly mu - [14295] th trng chng khon - [14476]
thch nghi - [216] th trng c nht - [13866]
thch nghi rng - [5194] th trng st gi - [5377]
thch nghi sinh cnh - [4743] thoi - [12469]
thch nghi ty tin - [5353] thoi lui - [12596]
thch ng - [216] thot kh - [5244]
th nghim - [15309],[5276],[6194] thot ln trn - [12247]
th nghim n - [13332] thot nc - [16111],[4104],[4498]
th nghim ba trc - [15758] thot nc bng ging - [13131]
th nghim bn - [11458] thot nc di t - [11235]
th nghim bt ny - [12331] thot nc di t t do - [11235]
th nghim bt ny (o chi) - [13272] thot nc kiu Php - [14490],[5893]
th nghim bin dng - [3921] thot nc mi dc - [4509]
th nghim bm p nc - [7145] thot nc ni b - [7549]
th nghim bm p nc l khoan ln cc khe nt sn c - thot nc qua mng lc bng - [14490]
[7122] thot nc qua ng lc - [16755]
th nghim Brazilian - [1909] thoi vng - [2002]
th nghim ct - [13621],[13639] tholeit - [15431]
th nghim ct cnh - [16257] tholeit i dng - [10253]
th nghim ct chm (c kt, thot nc) - [3302] thomsenolit - [15434]
th nghim ct CU (c kt-khng thot nc) - [3303] thomsonit - [15435]
th nghim ct nhanh - [16042] thorbastnaesit - [15436]
th nghim ct nhanh t - [12178] thoreaulit - [15437]
th nghim ct phng - [4283] thorianit - [15438]
th nghim ct xon - [15636] thori (Th) - [15440]
th nghim cht ti Brazin (cctr) - [1908] thorit - [15439]
th nghim cht ti im - [11585] thorogumit - [15446]
th nghim c kt - [10277] thorostinstrupin - [15447]
th nghim dch chuyn - [9487] thorotungstit - [15448]
th nghim m cht proctor - [11896] thortveitit - [15449]
th nghim m cht tiu chun - [14367] thorutit - [15450]
th nghim m ln - [3153] th - [12316],[12955],[2974],[3602]
th nghim o bin dng ti nhiu im bng cng k l thi khng nn - [3892]
khoan - [9812] thng gi - [16326]
th nghim o cng - [13332] thng kh - [272]
th nghim cng Brinell (cctr) - [1934] thng s - [10855]
th nghim hin trng - [13904],[5561],[7499] thng s a cht thy vn - [7154]
th nghim ko gin tip - [7409] thng tin phn hi - [5449]
th nghim ko neo - [12023] thng - [13556]
th nghim ko trc tip - [4288] thng k - [14403]
th nghim khe nt - [5855] thng k tr lng khong sn - [12465]
th nghim Lugeon - [8743] thng khu vc - [11964]
th nghim lu bin - [3536] thi mn - [3915]
th nghim mi mn (cctr) - [40] thi - [15524],[2740]
th nghim m phng - [9593] thi cc tnh - [11600]
th nghim "ti" - [13923] thi i mi - [10053]
th nghim nn - [14395],[3211] thi i ng - [2580],[3404]
th nghim nn ba trc - [15760] Thi i st - [7632]
th nghim nn ba trc thc th - [11645] thi i sinh khong - [9327]
th nghim nn c kt bng Oedometer - [3306] thi im b dch chuyn - [4387]

819
thi im mt n nh - [4387] thung kng karst - [16242]
thi im n - [13718] thung lng - [16223],[1838]
thi a tng - [15537] thung lng n - [2019]
thi a tng hc - [2750] thung lng bng h - [10610]
thi a t - [8881] thung lng bng h phc tp - [3200]
thi on - [4116] thung lng b chm ngp - [14787]
thi i - [2749],[2751] thung lng cao - [6913]
thi gian - [15524],[2740] thung lng ct ngang - [15718]
thi gian bo dng - [3707] thung lng cu trc - [14710]
thi gian bo dng mu - [3707] thung lng cht - [4580]
thi gian chm - [3940] thung lng chm - [4517]
thi gian cht - [4481] thung lng chm ngp - [4517]
thi gian ch mn n - [3940] thung lng c sng nhnh hnh mc cu - [6999]
thi gian ha thch - [5831] thung lng c - [6947]
thi gian sng truyn dc theo l khoan - [13722] thung lng dng ch U - [15834]
thi gian th nghim - [4813] thung lng dng ch V - [16533]
thi gian thc - [12327] thung lng dng ch Y - [17077]
thi gian tri qua - [4813] thung lng dng loa kn (c vng bng h) - [15844]
thi gian truyn sng - [7523] thung lng dng ng - [15907]
thi gian tuyt i - [56] thung lng dc - [8268]
thi k - [11082],[14357],[15524],[303] thung lng dc trt - [12265]
thi k bng h - [6276],[7283] Thung lng y - [14530]
thi k bng h Allenrod - [475] thung lng y bin - [14778]
thi k B st (t) - [317] thung lng ot nc - [11890]
thi k C (t) - [310] thung lng n gin - [13857]
thi k Con ngi (t) - [314] thung lng t gy - [5425]
thi k Dng x (t) - [309] thung lng Fio Bc u - [5622]
thi k ng vt c v (t) - [313] thung lng hai chu trnh - [15946]
thi k ng vt khng xng sng bin (t) - [315] thung lng hp pediment - [10980]
thi k ng vt Lng c (t) - [306] thung lng hnh ch U - [16197]
thi k lc a - [3346] thung lng hnh cc ru - [16896]
thi k nin thiu - [247],[7350] thung lng hnh ti - [11568]
thi k pht trin xm nhp su - [11532] thung lng ha tan - [14115]
thi k to - [11150] thung lng karst - [10026],[7891]
thi k thnh to Than (t) - [307] thung lng khe nt - [7803]
thi k thc vt Ht trn (t) - [312] thung lng khot su - [10587]
thi k Tu (t) - [308] thung lng kh - [16895],[4580],[8034]
thi tng - [2743],[2747] thung lng khng i xng - [1123]
thi tch - [13391] thung lng kin to - [15187]
thi t - [8881] thung lng kn - [7001]
th ch ct - [13623] thung lng lng cho - [6941],[8009]
th ch dng bt ch - [11018] thung lng m - [1718]
th ch dung dch - [14099] thung lng np lm - [16236]
th ch lng tr - [11888] thung lng np li - [16235]
th ch song song - [10836] thung lng ngang - [15718]
th ch th sinh - [13397] thung lng ngm gia bin - [9478]
th ch thc - [15838] thung lng nguyn sinh - [10473]
th ch thc th - [15838] thung lng nh - [13958],[3488],[4519],[8095]
th ch trt - [13623],[13942],[14149],[14519] thung lng nh c dng chy - [9884]
th lp - [1473] thung lng nh hoc vng t thp - [3486]
th lp xin gn sng - [12760],[12764] thung lng bin - [16223]
th trt - [13945] thung lng pht trin dc theo trc ca np li - [818]
tht - [8732] thung lng ph - [6702]
threadgoldit - [15452] thung lng rift - [12698]
thun hng - [116] thung lng sng - [12806]
thun t - [10853] thung lng sui - [14605]
Thut ng ch loi cha cc tn tch ng vt ch yu thung lng sui kh hay t on - [3486]
di dng mnh vn gc cnh - [2838] thung lng sn dc - [12266]
thut ng chung cho qu trnh bc mn b mt Tri t - thung lng tn d - [12558]
[16594] thung lng theo ng phng - [14643],[14795]
thut ng c cho pediment - [15634] thung lng thun hng - [8670]
thut ng a cht - [6157] thung lng treo - [11053],[6702]
thut ng a tng - [14560] thung lng trong - [7538]
thut ng hnh hc - [6179] thung lng trong thung lng - [16232]
thut ton - [446] thuc n dynamit - [4645]
thut ton tnh chiu su ca khi gy d thng - thuc n kh - [4570]
[4035] thuc n kh nitrat amonium - [631]
thu carbon - [2287] thuc Arkei (t) - [941]
thu quan - [3729] thuc a thi - [6116]
thu ti nguyn tnh bng thng (baren) - [1348] thuc a vt l - [6189]
thuli (Tm) - [15471] thuc gi hnh - [11991]
thulit - [15470] thuc gneis - [6335]

820
thuc hnh bn mt - [15340]
thuc hnh khi pyrit - [12068]
thuc hnh mt thang - [15721]
thuc hnh su mt - [6873]
thuc hnh t phn din - [15318]
thuc ph - [14196]
thuc silic ha - [13812]
thuc tam hnh - [15795]
thuc tm mt ba - [15797]
thuc tnh - [1161]
thuc t hnh - [15350]
thuc v ct - [13158]
thuc v ct - [13642]
thuc v dng theto - [15415]
thuc v a cht - [6137]
thuc v kin trc diablastic - [4113]
thuc v kin trc felsit - [5476]
thuc v nng chy - [4158]
thuc v ni la - [16461]
thuc v th tch - [16524]
thuc v tinh th nh - [3657]
thuc v trm tch - [13432]
Thuring - [15474]
Thuringit - [15475]
thu hi (sk) - [12348]
thu hi s b - [11863]
thu nhp - [7377]
thu nhp bng tin - [9645]
thu thp - [3077],[3079]
thu thp s liu a cht - [3081]
thu v - [7377]
thuyt bin i - [15685],[15686]
thuyt biu sinh - [5042]
thuyt granit ha - [15685]
thuyt ho thnh - [11537]
thuyt kin to nhp - [12028]
thuyt magma - [8855]
thuyt tai bin - [2416]
thuyt thy sinh - [10019]
thuyt tin ha - [5230]
thng - [1346]
thng cha cht thi - [16596]
thng qung - [10418]
thng vn chuyn trn cp - [2045]
thy - [8615]
thy o ngoi - [10555]
thy bn - [8261]
thy bng - [16329],[5310]
thy hm - [6329]
thy lng - [4468],[7552]
thy mi gian - [6264]
thy ngoi - [5310]
thy ngoi ca chi - [5249]
thy nhn (cs) - [176]
thy nn - [5995]
thy ph (cs) - [260]
thy rn - [16004]
thy trong - [7552]
thy vng (cs) - [769]
thy (nhnh) dung nham - [8311]
Th c nhau - [5210]
Th c ti - [9081]
Th thc th - [15374]
thng l - [11068]
thng l ch - [12044]
thy c hc - [7181]
thy in - [7194]
thy a cht hc - [7156]
thy a cht mi trng - [5000]
thy a cht sinh thi - [4713]
thy a ha hc - [7152]
thy - [7158]
thy ng lc hc - [7144]
thy ng lc hc (tt) - [7141]
thy k - [7182]
thy liu php - [7212]
thy lc hc - [7123]
thy nng - [7194]
thy ngn - [12179]
thy ngn (Hg) - [9238]
thy nhit - [7213]
thy phn - [7176]
thy quyn - [7197]
thy sinh (cs) - [907]
thy sinh hc - [1615],[7127]
thy tinh - [16436],[16440]
thy tinh mica - [9839]
thy tinh ni la - [16488]
thy tinh silica - [13791]
thy tinh t nhin - [9935]
thy tnh - [7200],[7209]
thy triu - [15502]
thy triu i din - [10383]
thy triu mc cao nht - [6908]
thy tr liu - [7212]
Thy tc (Hydrozoa) - [7231]
thy vn nh - [11226]
thy vn hc - [7160],[7175]
thy vn hc nc di t - [6587]
thy vn karst - [7884]
thy vn sng ngi - [11744]
th phn - [11638]
thng l basal toleit - [14779]
thng l cc ht ct - [2964]
thng xuyn - [14408]
thc - [16632]
thng du - [9776]
thng h - [14903]
thng lu - [16135],[16136]
thng ngun - [6743]
thng ngun nc - [16633]
th in t - [4880]
tha hng - [7465]
tha k - [7465]
tha s - [5350]
th cp - [13394]
th sinh - [13394]
th t - [10404],[14907]
th t a tng - [14559]
th t phn lp - [14539]
th yu - [102]
th - [15309]
th nghim a tng - [14526],[14562]
th nghim ht nc theo tng nc - [14429]
th nghim ti thc t - [13571]
thc nghim - [5276]
thc vt - [11431]
thc vt ch th - [11432],[7400]
thc vt chu hn - [16985],[16986]
thc vt c phi - [4892],[4893]
thc vt l kim - [3279]
thc vt ln - [8796],[9185]
thc vt ngoi lai - [481]
thc vt nguyn sinh - [5018]
thc vt nc - [7193]
thc vt ph sinh - [11269]
thc vt ti ch - [5165]
thc vt tp trung nguyn t - [4854]
thc vt than ho - [11266]
Thc vt Thi c - [11943]
thc vt Thi c (t) - [939]
thc vt thy sinh - [7193]
thc vt thy sinh mc nh cao - [4899]
thc vt tch t chn lc - [13488]
821
thc vt tch t chung - [3140] tim bin (cs) - [669]
thc vt tri ni - [11269] tif - [15512]
thc vt a nc - [11237],[7233] Tigli - [15515]
thc vt ven bin - [9048] tikhonenkovit - [15516]
tia - [12185] tilait - [15517]
tia alpha - [535] tilasit - [15518]
tia bt thng - [5096] tileyit - [15520]
tia beta - [1553] Timiskami - [15541]
tia cc tiu thi gian - [8365],[9544] tincalconit - [15544]
tia a chn - [13469] tinh m - [4568]
tia e - [5096] tinh m khong vt trong ct - [4053]
tia X - [16997] tinh h su phng - [6870]
tiemanit - [15510] tinh hc - [6124]
tienshanit - [15511] tinh qung - [3225]
tim nhp - [7361] tinh th - [3645],[3650]
tim nhp qung - [10440] tinh th p in - [11304]
tiu bn - [13931] tinh th bn mt lng tr thoi - [8794]
tiu chun - [10159],[10181] tinh th ct - [13129]
tiu chun chy do - [17052] tinh th dng ct - [3115]
tiu chun cht lng nc - [16659] tinh th dng phu - [7003]
tiu chun CIPW - [2779] tinh th do bc hi - [5216]
tiu chun qu - [6084] tinh th - [12836]
tiu chun khong sn - [12128] tinh th qu - [6074]
tiu chun ph hy - [5361] tinh th gi hnh - [6238]
tiu chun ph hp - [13783] tinh th hnh hp - [10839]
tiu chun sc bn - [14613] tinh th hon chnh - [11066]
tiu chun sc bn Beniawski (cctr) - [1509] tinh th hc cu trc - [14682]
tiu chun sc bn d hng (cctr) - [758] tinh th keo - [3089]
tiu chun sc bn Franklin - [5872] tinh th kp - [1575]
tiu chun sc bn Griffith v bin dng ko - [6540] tinh th kt ta nguyn thu - [11862]
tiu chun sc bn Mohr-Coulomb - [9606] tinh th khm - [2561]
tiu chun sc bn (ph hy) thc nghim ca Hoek- tinh th khng c thc - [11180]
Brown - [6937] tinh th l (ngoi lai) - [16977]
tiu chun sc bn thc nghim - [4905] tinh th m - [9745]
tiu chun sc bn v chy do - [14611] tinh th nguyn thy - [11873]
tiu chun trung bnh nc i dng - [14000],[14370] tinh th nh - [3655]
tiu chun Xmirnov - [13988] tinh th phn i - [17166]
tiu chun ngha - [13783] tinh th sao - [14417]
tiu im n - [2017] tinh th ti sinh - [12459]
tiu mn - [20] tinh th tha hnh - [741]
tiu nc - [4501] tinh th thch anh - [12144],[12836]
tiu nc acid m - [151] tinksit - [15543]
tiu nc b mt - [14914] tinticit - [15549]
tim nng - [2220] tintinait - [15550]
tim nng ca m - [2221] tinzenit - [15552]
tim nng lm tng nhit ton cu - [6321] Tioughniogi - [15553]
tim nng sinh thi - [4715] tipleit - [15203]
Tin Cambri - [11796] tiptopit - [15555]
Tin Cambri W - [11797] tirodit - [15556]
Tin Cambri X - [11798] tisinalit - [15557]
Tin Cambri Y - [11799] titanaugit - [15558]
Tin Cambri Z - [11800] titanit - [15560]
tin chit khu - [4329] titan (Ti) - [15561]
tin delta - [11897] titanochromit - [15562]
tin l - [11803] titanomaghemit - [15563]
tin lng thc t - [4785] titanomagnetit - [15564]
tin sinh - [790] titanorabdophan - [15565]
tin thu t - [6567] Tithon - [15566]
tin thu quan c min (hoc gim) - [4520] tm kim sinh a ha - [1610]
tin dn - [257] tm kim s b - [12342]
tin ha - [5230] tnh trng c m - [12044]
tin ha magma - [8846] tnh trng sinh sn hai dng bo t - [6855]
tin ha qun x - [3146] tch cc (cctr) - [199]
tip u ng vi ngha l "ng" - [14984] tch tr - [14497]
tip xc - [3318] tch tr nc di t - [6602]
tip xc bt chnh hp vi bin li - [10278] tch t - [130],[4020],[4022],[4023]
tip xc kh-nc - [6043] tch t i dng - [6810]
tip xc khng u - [12315] tch t m tiu - [15082]
tip xc kin to - [15158] tch t bn a - [1191]
tit din chnh - [11881] tch t bi thi - [4597]
tit din hm - [15897] tch t bn - [7330]
tit din trn - [2787] tch t c gi tr thng mi - [3134]

822
tch t ca cc x ni la - [2775] tn dng pht thi kh - [4902]
tch t dng ri t do - [364] tn hiu - [13777]
tch t dng chy - [14584] t l mnh vn - [2832]
tch t i dng thc th - [5184] t s bc hi - [5222]
tch t t trt - [3877] t s lu bin (t bin) c trng s - [16762]
tch t khng kim sot - [4597] t s rng - [16454]
tch t l lt ng bng - [5672] tnh - [11963]
tch t mnh vn - [15081] tnh cu trc - [14705]
tch t ngm di y bin - [136] tnh c thc vt - [10676]
tch t qung - [9309],[9316] tnh du kh - [11156]
tch t rong to (cs) - [430] tnh a l t nhin - [11262]
tch t si - [6473] tnh ng vt - [5432]
tch t sng - [14584] tnh magma - [8834]
tch t tn d - [12547] tnh ni la - [16497]
tch t tn d ht th - [8126] tnh sinh khong - [9329]
tch t ti ch - [12547] tnh thch hc - [11151]
tch t trung tm - [4018] t nn mi trng - [5004]
tch t trt - [8206] tnh tin - [15692]
tch t vn chuyn - [15706] tlalocit - [15567]
tch t ven - [4019] tlapalit - [15568]
tch t ven bin - [132] Toarci - [15571]
tnh bn d hng - [14612] ton bin - [10788]
tnh cht - [12127] ton lc a - [10781]
tnh cht c vn vch - [14641] ton mt - [6959],[6960]
tnh cht (c l) ca vt liu - [9103] ton trc - [6954]
tnh chnh hp - [3268] ton a cht - [6170]
tnh dn in b mt - [14912] tobelit - [15573]
tnh dn mao qun - [2231] tobermorit - [15574]
tnh do - [11442] tochilinit - [15575]
tnh d hng (cctr) - [742] tocornalit - [15576]
tnh d hng trong th nghim nn n trc (cctr) - [759] todit - [15577]
tnh a dng - [16277] todorokit - [15578]
tnh a dng ng vt - [5430] todrilit - [15579]
tnh a hnh - [11667],[4241] toe - [15580]
tnh ng bo t - [6993] toelit - [15584]
tnh ng hnh - [6980] toernebohmit - [15585]
tnh ng hnh (kv) - [6978] tokeit - [15586]
tnh gi thnh cng tc tm kim thm d a cht - [2143] tolbachit - [15587]
tnh hot ha - [2651] toleit olivin - [10324]
tnh ha in - [12080] tolit - [15589]
tnh ht m - [7237] tolovkit - [15590]
tnh kt nn - [3149] tombarthit - [15591]
tnh khng ng hng - [742] tombolo - [15953]
tnh khng thm nc - [7357],[7360] tombolo kp - [4479]
tnh khp u - [3268] tomichit - [15596]
tnh kim - [463],[466] tonalit - [15597]
Tnh kinh t trong thit k hn hp b tng phun - [4735] tongbait - [15598]
tnh lin tc ca cc gin on (khe nt - [11121] topaz - [15603]
tnh lin tc ca gin on - [4317] topazolit - [15605]
tnh ln t ca hong th - [8630] topaz m khi - [13994]
tnh lng chit - [1642] topaz Bohemian - [1781]
tnh lng sc - [4173] topaz Brazil - [1910]
tnh mao dn - [2226] topaz gi - [5385]
tnh nht qun - [3297] topaz Scotch - [13318]
tnh phn i - [17160] topaz Ty Ban Nha - [14159]
tnh phn lp dng nhp - [17102] topotactic - [15625]
tnh phn lp vn - [17102] topotaxial - [15626]
tnh phn phin - [13265] topotaxy - [15627]
tnh phng x t nhin - [9942] torbernit - [15631]
tnh sinh li ca cng tc thm d a cht - [11905] Torejoni - [15633]
tnh tam sc - [15767] toreyit - [15635]
tnh thm - [11104] tornebothmit - [15632]
tnh thun t - [10851] Torton - [15639]
tnh ton ln ca nn - [13578] toscanit - [15640]
tnh ton nghing (dc) - [4259] tosudit - [15641]
tnh ta tia - [12230] tourmalin - [15651]
tnh truyn dn nhit - [15381] tourmalin ta - [12294]
tnh tui bng carbon 14 - [2281] tourmalin ho - [15652]
tnh tui phng x - [12199] tourmalit - [15653]
tnh t ca stria - [14640] Tournais - [15654]
tnh t ca taphrogeny - [15110] tc Pele - [11002]
tnh t ca treptomorphism - [15745] ta mi hng - [12133]

823
ta tia - [12185],[12187],[12228] trao i cation - [2429]
ta tia lch sau - [13001] traskit - [15723]
ta tia thng - [12358] travertin - [2081],[2082],[2097],[2099]
ta cu - [14241] trn - [14318]
ti - [12169] trn nc - [16629]
t t - [6567] trn nc bin vo t lin - [9039]
t im - [10475],[13341] Tri t - [4668]
tp hc - [15622] trm - [2504]
tn lu - [11120] trm nht (bn) - [2933]
tc - [12299] trm xi mng - [2509]
tc bin dng - [12306] trn - [5925],[5927]
tc biu kin - [893] trm carota trn t - [16781]
tc c kt - [12301] trm ghi a chn bng bng bng t - [13481]
tc dng chy do thm - [13451] trm trn t - [14058]
tc o - [12302] trng thi cn bng - [14394],[5082]
tc hi t (dch chuyn hng tm ca hm l) - [3386] trng thi c nh - [14408]
tc np - [12303] trng thi n hi - [4824]
tc phn khong - [7576] trng thi n nh lu di - [14408]
tc tng ng sut - [12304] trng thi ph hy - [5359]
tc thm - [13451] Trng thi ng sut ca vt th di tc dng ch yu ca
tc thm lc - [7445] cc lc ko - [15260]
tc ti hn - [3576] trng thi ng sut hin trng - [7498]
tc trm tch - [12305] trng thi ng sut thch tnh - [8570]
tc trung bnh - [1216] trng thi ng sut thy tnh - [7207]
tc truyn sng - [16314] trng thi ng sut trc khi khai thc - [11822]
ti - [11375] trng thi v nh hnh - [638]
ti u - [10394] trc din - [11900]
tng cht rn ha tan - [15140],[15646] trc din dc sng - [12800]
tng chiu su - [15139] trc din dc thung lng - [16240]
tng axit - [15644] trc din hay mt ct cn bng bi bin - [1446]
tng cng - [15647] trc din hn hp - [3185]
tng cng (ca nc) - [15643] trc a - [6126],[6129]
tng hp - [3077],[3079] trc a bn - [2379]
tng hp hay nhn to - [15024] trc lng a tng - [15624]
tng hp nhit dch - [7220] trc lng-hnh thi - [9723]
tn tht - [8695] trng nc - [16603]
tn tht do hp th - [67] trm ui - [2540]
tn tht khong sn - [8697] trm tch - [13429],[13439],[16640],[4020]
tn tht khong sn c gi tr kinh t - [8697] trm tch ba thnh phn - [15286]
tn tht ti nguyn khong - [8697] trm tch bi bi - [10578]
tn tht trong khai thc - [9551] trm tch bng h bin - [6275]
tn tht trong nghin - [9493] trm tch bin li - [12472]
tn tht tr lng kinh t - [8697] trm tch bin su - [3904]
t hp - [1093],[1100] trm tch bin thm - [78]
t hp cc khong vt bin cht - [9337] trm tch bin thoi - [12472]
t hp cc phng php a vt l - [7513] trm tch bin tin - [15689]
t hp cng sinh tng - [5348] trm tch bi tch c cha st - [2387]
t hp - [12823] trm tch carbonat - [2308]
t hp ha thch - [5820] trm tch ct - [973]
t hp khong vt - [9506],[9507] trm tch chu k - [3764]
t hp nhp - [12669] trm tch cha silic - [13805]
t hp ophiolit - [10376] trm tch cha vi - [2156]
t hp Thi Bnh Dng - [10645] trm tch c ngun gc bng h - [6271]
t hp thch kin to - [11165] trm tch ca sng - [5154]
t hp thch sinh khong - [11161] trm tch dng lp ph - [903]
ti phm chin tranh mi trng - [16571] trm tch dng mng mch - [10032]
ti phm mi trng - [4995] trm tch dng nhp - [5749]
t bm (cs) - [2038] trm tch do bc hi - [13057]
ti hn - [15983],[3562] trm tch y - [1469],[1839]
trachit - [15765] trm tch t - [12167]
trachyandesit - [15666] trm tch flis - [5749]
trachybasalt - [15667] trm tch forest - [5802]
trachydolerit - [15669] trm tch giu st - [5508]
trachyophitic - [15670] trm tch giu vt cht hu c - [2292]
trachyt - [15672] trm tch gi - [269]
trachytic - [15673] trm tch hang ng - [14224],[2465]
trachytoid - [15674] trm tch hang ng lm thnh mt g cao nm ngang
trachyt bin i - [8816] ra vng hang - [13670]
tranh chp mi trng - [4994] trm tch (ca ht t) - [332]
tranquilityit - [15678] trm tch hnh thnh trong qu trnh bin li - [10278]
trao i - [5239] trm tch hn hp ca sng - [16287]
trao i anion - [751] trm tch hu c - [8072]

824
trm tch k kh - [656] tripuhyit - [15806]
trm tch lng ng trong qu trnh bin kn - [10339] tristanit - [15808]
trm tch lc a - [15300],[3338] tristramit - [15810]
trm tch lc nguyn - [15302] triti - [15811]
trm tch mu - [12367] tritomit - [15814]
trm tch mnh vn - [2834],[4082] tritomit-(Y) - [15815]
trm tch mui - [5220] trnh t - [13545]
trm tch nhp - [12668] trnh t a tng - [13547],[14559]
trm tch nc nht - [5905] trnh t kt tinh - [10406],[13546]
trm tch lng sng - [2616] trnh t khong vt - [10405]
trm tch ra tri - [10571] trnh t khng bnh thng - [6859]
trm tch sng - [12792] trnh t lin hp - [3188]
trm tch sng bin - [5744] trnh t to khong - [9528]
trm tch sng h - [5742] tr s Clark - [2817]
trm tch sng sui - [5737] tr s nn a ha - [1259]
trm tch tam gic chu - [3964] tr s N (cctr) - [1736]
trm tch tn d - [12501] troctolit - [15820]
trm tch than bn - [13436] troegerit - [15821]
trm tch thm lc a - [3352] trogtalit - [15823]
Trm tch th c vn chuyn n tch t ven bn trng - troilit - [15824]
[15677] troleit - [15825]
trm tch trong - [7554] trolit - [15960]
trm tch unimodal - [16083] trondiemit - [15827]
trm tch ven b - [8581] trong t - [17185]
trm tch vn vi - [2107] trong c - [15703]
trn - [1329] trong h tng - [7529]
trn hm - [15898] trong l khoan - [4482]
trn (hm l) - [3599] trong m hay bn trong - [15700]
trn lt ln - [3973] trong phng php phn t tch bit - [9749]
trt t - [14897] trong sut - [15704]
trt t a tng - [13547] trong sut (cs) - [7101]
treanorit - [15727] tro mn - [16377]
treasurit - [15728] tro ni la - [16466]
trechmannit - [15732] tro x - [13922]
Tremadoci - [15735] trosoda - [14017]
tremolit - [15736] trng lng y ni (cctr) - [2010]
tremolit natri - [14030] trng lng n v ri ca t - [1996]
Trempealeau - [15737] trng lng kh - [4573],[4581]
treo - [11020] trng lng ring - [14184],[16095]
tretskit - [15959] trng lng ring ca t di mc nc ngm - [14786]
Treuton - [15747] trng lng ring kh - [4579]
trevorit - [15748] trng lng v din tch mt y - [16751]
tr - [17069],[7827] trng lc - [6488]
tr ha - [12486] trng trng - [6483]
tr li - [12483] tri dt - [4530]
trn b xng - [5057] tri dt lc a - [3339],[3341],[3344]
trn mt - [14904] tri dt v hng Ty - [16803]
tr nht - [16429] tri v tan thnh nc - [6281]
tr thy ng lc - [7142] tri nn - [6561]
triangulit - [15755] tri ngui - [11956]
trichalcit - [15764] tri sn - [5677]
tridymit - [15772] trn b tng - [3235]
triu cng - [7096] trn ln - [243]
triu - [12400] tr khng - [7356]
triu ng - [15498] tr khng m thanh - [168]
triu ln - [14331] tr khng biu kin - [889]
triu nh - [874] tr khng c trng - [2631]
triu nng - [12125] tr lc bc u - [11866]
triu sc vng - [14331] tr lc kin c - [11103]
triu thp - [12125],[9957] tr lc s cp - [11866]
trit - [10125] tr lc th ng - [10919]
trigonit - [15784] tr lc tch cc - [200]
trikalsilit - [15786] tr lc v gia c - [12861]
trilithionit - [15788] trudelit - [15837]
trimerit - [15792] trung - [9477]
Trinit - [15796] trung bnh cng - [1004]
triphan - [15798] trung bnh (nh c ht trung bnh) - [9176]
triphylit - [15799] trung bnh nhn - [6177]
tripkeit - [15805] trung dm kt - [9256]
triplit - [15802] trung du - [6901]
triploidit - [15803] Trung sinh - [9273]
tripolit - [1521] trung tm - [2516]

825
trung tm hot ng - [2518] trc quang - [10389],[1235]
trung tm ni la - [16472] trc quang chnh - [1596]
trung tm phn b - [2520] trc quang hc th hai - [13412]
Trung thc vt - [9266] trc quang hc th nht - [11857]
trung tnh - [9173] trc quang thng gc - [10391]
trung phi Davis - [3849] trc quay - [12942]
truscotit - [15847] trc quay gng - [12949]
trustedtit - [15848] trc quay hay trc i xng - [12939]
trustit - [15828] trc quay (ca trng ng sut) (cctr) - [1238]
Trng cu (Globigerinaceae) - [6323] trc sau - [1252]
trng c lng roi - [5629] trc song tinh - [1233],[15933],[15940]
Trng hai lng roi (Dinoflagellata) - [4248] trc s nm ngang - [7008]
Trng lng t (Ciliata) - [2767] trc tng trng - [6612]
Trng l - [5782],[5788] trc thng ng - [16354]
trng l hin vi - [9439] trc trc giao - [10493]
Trng l (Foraminifera) - [5785] trc un np - [5764]
Trng mt tri (Heliozoa) - [6790] trc ng sut - [14615]
trng non - [10213] trc ng sut chnh - [11877]
Trng thoi (fusulinacea) - [5974] trc xon - [13338]
Trng thoi (Fusulinidae) - [5975] tr bt kh - [16382]
Trng tia (Radiolaria) - [12225] tr chn (khai thc m) - [1359]
trng - [10771],[15738],[15831] tr chng dng v ko - [12676]
trng bng tan - [15364] tr h khoan - [1811]
trng cu to - [14683] tr mnh - [17020]
trng dng vng - [12735],[12743] tr m - [11319]
trng gn - [12767] tr mui - [13088]
trng hnh nn - [3251] tr qung trong mch c lch ring - [11372]
trng hnh qut - [10780] tr to cu - [3004]
trng ha tan - [10783],[14102] trng n - [14953],[5267],[5269]
trng karst - [3010] trng n ca t (cctr) - [2001]
trng karst nhit - [15407] trng n t - [6764]
trng ko tch - [12021] trn - [3535]
trng ko trt - [12021] trng - [14628]
trng kin to - [14676] trng nh hng gn quanh cng trnh khai o - [9959]
trng ni la - [16504],[16517] trng bin dng - [14516]
trng ng ly - [14940] trng dung nham - [8309]
trng rift - [12697] trng a t - [6163]
trng ra xi - [13325] trng ng nht - [16079]
trng st - [13035] trng fumarole - [5954]
trng st c sn dc - [14528] trng kh lu hunh nng - [14073]
trng st Pang-Yang - [10782] trng lng cc - [4272]
trng thi mn - [16893] trng ni la - [16483]
trng trm tch - [3747] trng n nh - [14344]
tr - [1837],[3117] trng phun - [5954]
trc - [1235] trng t bin thin (theo theo thi gian) - [16274]
trc a - [4] trng t ng nht - [16082]
trc bn l - [2332] trng ng sut - [14621]
trc bin dng chnh - [11876] trng ng sut khng ng nht - [6844]
trc bn trng - [13027] trng ng sut thy tnh - [7208]
trc cu to - [15154] trng vn tc - [16311]
trc chnh - [11875],[1235],[14615] trn kin to - [15159]
trc chnh ng sut - [14615] trc - [795]
trc (tinh th) - [1235] trc mt - [795]
trc cng - [14075] trng thnh - [9117]
trc cc - [11594] trt - [13931],[13936],[7581]
trc dc cm xung - [11519] trt bng phi - [12704],[12706]
trc ang hot ng - [8584] trt bn - [5699],[9800]
trc ang quay - [8584] trt cho - [10220]
trc - [9804] trt chch - [10220]
trc ng hng - [1237] trt dng - [5699]
trc nh (cs) - [866] trt - [12857]
trc a t - [6161] trt t sp ngm - [8217]
trc i xng - [1231],[1239],[12942],[14973],[2526] trt t (vn) - [3877]
trc i xng o - [12951] trt n - [13854]
trc i xng gng - [12952] trt khi - [13974]
trc i xng quay - [14975] trt l - [13632]
trc i xng quay nghch o - [14974] trt l t li dn - [12598]
trc i - [17158],[17165] trt l i - [6914]
trc mch (qung) - [1236] trt l mi dc - [13957]
trc np lm - [13027],[15001] trt l theo taluy - [1206]
trc np li - [13027] trt mi dc - [13957]
trc nghing - [2902] trt ngang - [14654]

826
trt song tinh - [15936] tungsten - [15886]
trt (cctr) - [3535] tungstenit - [15888]
trt thng ng - [16357] tungstenit-3R - [15889]
trt theo ng dc - [10163] tungstit - [15891]
trt theo phng - [14654] tungusit - [15892]
trt tnh tin - [15693] tunisit - [15893]
trt (kv) - [6310] Tuori - [15909]
trng c - [2985] tun trn ca cc lp nc - [10619]
trng c n - [3640] tui - [303]
trng ca sm (dng trng) - [15473] tui carbon phng x - [12213]
tr lng - [12538] tui ch-ch - [8356]
tr lng cn kinh t - [14750] tui ch ng v - [8355]
tr lng chc chn - [7398] tui c - [10297]
tr lng cng nghip - [3137] tui c a hnh - [15616]
tr lng d on - [7436] tui ca Mt trng - [319]
tr lng d tnh - [7436] tui ca nc - [321]
tr lng n hi - [4823] tui ca nc di t - [311]
tr lng xc nh cha khai thc - [11962] tui ca Tri t - [318]
tr lng ng - [4640] tui ca v tr - [320]
tr lng khong sn - [9523] tui a hnh - [316]
tr lng khong sn ngoi cn i - [14750] tui ng v uranium - [16162]
tr lng kinh t - [4730],[4731] tui khng ng nht - [9581]
tr lng nc - [16662] tui phng x tnh bng carbon-14 - [2275]
tr lng thng mi - [3134],[3136] tui thc - [206]
tr lng tim nng - [11770] tui tuyt i - [47],[50]
tr lng tin cy - [11893],[9157] tui uranium-uranium - [16168]
tr lng tnh - [14397] tupersuatsiait - [15910]
tr lng trong cn i - [4730] turanit - [15911]
tr lng xc nh - [11961] turbidit - [15912]
trc chun - [10524] turgit - [15918],[15920]
trc giao - [10524] turmalin - [15923]
tschermakit - [15850] Turne - [15654]
tshermigit - [15851] Turoni - [15924]
tsilaisit - [15852] turquois - [15925]
tsumcorit - [15853] tusionit - [15927]
tsumebit - [15854] tuxtlit - [15929]
tun t phn tng - [14539] tuyn ngn Rio - [12750]
tucanit - [15861] tuyn - [8496],[8502],[8506]
tucekit - [15862] tuyt - [14002]
Tu (Cycadophyta) - [3758] tuyt tan - [9224]
tuf - [15865] tuyn - [9493]
tuf m tiu - [12432] tuyn ni - [4198],[5686]
tufa - [15606],[15863],[15864] tuyn ni bng du - [10291]
tufa vi - [2082],[2099] tuyn ni chn lc - [13489],[2389]
tuf bi ni la - [4622] tuyn ni hn hp - [1997]
tuf dng cy - [3991] tuyn ni kiu bt - [5942]
tuf - [8540] tuyn ni theo giai on - [14360]
tuf -tinh th - [8538] tuyn qung - [10430],[1508]
tuf lapili - [8242],[8244] tuyn trng lc - [6500]
tuf palagonit - [10663] tuyt chng - [5315]
tuf thy tinh - [16441] ti - [11561],[13022],[3783]
tuf tinh th - [3656] ti bo t - [14300],[14302]
tuf tinh th- - [8538] ti bo t ci - [9189]
tuf tro ni la - [1080] ti i bo t - [9189]
tuf vn ni la - [5292] ti kh - [11560]
tuf vn tinh th - [3648] ti kh (cs) - [1696],[373]
tuf vn tinh th-thy tinh ni la - [3649] ti magma - [11564],[8831]
tufit - [15869] ti magma cc b - [8807]
tuflava - [15870] ti mu - [13103]
tufolava - [15871] ti nc - [16655]
tuft - [15874] ti phn hoa - [11634]
tugarinovit - [15875] ti qung - [10424],[10426],[10427],[10448],[11566]
tugtupit - [15876] tp vi - [2081]
tuhualit - [15877] tt - [2466]
tujait - [15919] tt xung - [13969]
tulaminit - [15878] tng ng - [5088]
tundrit - [15881] tng ng a tng - [5089]
tundrit-(Nd) - [15882] tng ng tui a cht - [5089]
tunelit - [15883] tng quan - [3459]
tunerit - [15908] tng quan cho - [3590]
tungomelan - [15884] tng quan gia khi lng-th tch - [16761]
tungstat - [15885] tng quan rank - [12279]

827
tng tc nn-tr lc - [6570] t lin hp - [1186]
tng ng vi 1/100 cara hoc 02 mg - [11580] t san bng - [5085]
tng - [12807] t sc - [7313]
tng chn - [12583],[1999] t sinh - [1194],[1195]
tng chn t trng lc - [6499] t thch nghi - [217]
tng chn l - [5674] tvalchrelidzeit - [15930]
tng chn nc di t - [6576] tveitit - [15931]
tng cong tch tr - [14499] twinit - [15943]
tng c bo v - [13657] tychit - [15952]
tng c bo v h o - [13657] tyrelit - [15961]
tng - [14493] Tyrrheni - [15962]
tng neo (cctr) - [689] tysonit - [15963]
tng ngn cch - [3735] tyuyamunit - [15964]
tng ngn ra tri - [10569] t m - [14186]
tng treo - [6703] t l - [12299],[13220]
tng vy bc - [12727] t l bn - [9007]
tng vin - [12727] t l ch - [8348]
ti nc - [16638] t l c kt - [11051]
ti tiu - [7662] t l ca cc ng v oxy (O18/O16) - [10635]
tng bo t phn - [10767] t l cao a hnh - [4860]
tng bin cht - [9345],[9510] t l ht/nn - [6405]
tng bin cht albit-lausonit - [8336] t l ht vn - [4080]
tng bin cht thch anh-prenit-laumontit - [8290] t l phn trm bo ha - [11052]
tng Bt - [6467] t l trm tch - [13431]
tng c sinh - [10712] t lu lng - [14180]
tng dip thch lc - [6524] t s carbon - [2285]
tng dip thch xanh - [1755] t s carbon-hydro - [2283]
tng di tch sinh vt - [7304] t s chiu di sui - [14592]
tng - [5345],[8554] t s ch uranium - [8358]
tng phin (dip thch) glaucophan - [6304] t s din tch - [963]
tng a mng - [6204] t s din tch ca dng c ly mu hay ng ly mu -
tng a tng - [14548] [964]
tng eclogit - [4710] t s din tch khai thc - [959]
tng granulit - [6446] t s ng v - [7722]
tng khong vt - [9510] t s gradien sui - [14589]
tng kin to - [15166] t s ht bn - [6405]
tng kin to a tng - [15149] t s modul - [9599]
tng kin to thch hc - [15149] t s rng ti hn - [3577]
tng lausonit-glaucophan-jadeit - [8337] t s tch tr - [14500]
tng ngun cung cp - [449] t s tn hiu/nhiu - [13781]
tng phn cp ht trm tch - [6451] t s tc sng - [16315]
tng phin lc - [6524] t s tui - [322]
tng phin xanh - [1755] t trng - [3999]
tng phong ha - [4811] t trng ht - [6404]
tng pumpelit-prenit - [12039] t trng k - [12054]
tng sanidin - [13163] t trng ti ch - [7496]
tng sinh hc - [1617] t trng tng i - [12487]
tng sng - [7025] u - [9686]
tng sng hornblend - [7018] uchuchacuait - [15965]
tng sng pyroxen - [12108] ufertit - [15966]
tng to - [4128] ugandit - [15967]
tng thch hc - [11141],[11148] ugrandit - [15968]
tng thm lc a - [5799] uintahit - [15970]
tng thi a tng - [15535] Uinti - [15971]
tng vng vnh - [8138] ukonskovit - [15972]
tng zeolit - [17113] Ulatisi - [15973]
t liu a tng - [14557] ulexit - [15974]
t b - [6] uligit - [15969]
t d t nhin - [9945] ulmain - [15976]
t a tng - [8896] ulmanit - [15975]
t ha d ng nhit - [7630] ulmin - [15979]
t k - [8893] ulminit - [15980]
t k cm ng o thnh phn thng ng (Z) ca t ulrichit - [15981]
trng tri t - [16364] Ulsteri - [15982]
t k hng khng - [276],[377] ultrabasit - [15990]
t tnh ca - [12846] ultrasima - [15996]
t tnh ca Tri t - [6168] ulvit - [15999]
t t - [11912] ulvospinel - [16000]
t din oxy-silic - [13819] umangit - [16001]
t hnh - [15349] umbit - [16010]
t gim yu v ph hy - [3881] umbozerit - [16017]
t hnh - [7315] umohoit - [16019]

828
unakit - [16021]
undaform - [16044]
underclif - [16045]
ungait - [16068]
ungemachit - [16069]
un (cctr) - [1506]
un cong - [16577]
un khc - [8510]
un khc o khot - [4988]
un lch - [3918]
un np - [5765]
un np-t gy - [5418]
un np ko thun - [10165]
un np th ng - [10917]
un np th sinh - [16049]
un np thc - [15841]
un np trt - [13947]
un np vm mng - [12361],[12616]
upalit - [16114]
uraconit - [16145]
uralborit - [16146]
Urali - [16147]
uralit - [16149]
uralit ho - [16150]
uralolit - [16151]
uramphit - [16152]
urancalcarit - [16154]
urani giu - [4969]
urani (U) - [16157]
urani ngho - [4015]
urani t sinh - [9905]
uraninit - [11368],[16155]
uranit - [16156]
uranit ng - [3409]
uranit vi - [8476]
uranocher - [16169]
uranophan - [16171]
uranophan beta - [1555]
uranopilit - [16172]
uranosilit - [16173]
uranospathit - [16174]
uranosphaerit - [16175]
uranospinit - [16176]
uranospinit natri - [14043]
uranotantalit - [16177]
uranothalit - [16178]
uranothorianit - [16179]
uranothorit - [16180]
uranotil - [16181]
uranotil beta - [1556]
uranoxirxit - [16170]
urantsevit - [16182]
urbainit - [16184]
urea - [16186]
ureyit - [16187]
uricit - [16188]
ursilit - [16190]
urtit - [16191]
urvantsevit - [16192]
usamerit - [16194]
ushkovit - [16198]
usingit - [16200]
usovit - [16199]
ustarasit - [16201]
usterboshit - [10350]
utahit - [16202]
utalit - [16203]
uvanit - [16206]
uvarovit - [16207],[2135]
uvit - [16208]
uwarowit - [16209]
uytenbogartit - [16210]
829
u mi trng ton cu - [6315]
uzbekit - [16211]
bng - [7308]
kh phun - [5955]
a hn - [16986]
a nc - [7232]
c khong thin nhin kh kh CO2 - [3880]
c lng - [1094],[5149],[5150],[5151],[5213]
c lng c hiu qu - [4794]
c lng - [14832]
t - [3809]
u th ca h ng vt - [5431]
ng sut - [14614],[7422]
ng sut ban u - [7467]
ng sut bin (cctr) - [1860]
ng sut biu kin - [890]
ng sut cng b mt - [14918]
ng sut ct - [13637],[13642],[15097]
ng sut chy do - [17059]
ng sut chnh lch chnh - [11878]
ng sut chnh - [11883]
ng sut chnh cc i - [8919]
ng sut chnh cc tiu - [9561]
ng sut cho php (cctr) - [503]
ng sut dc trc (cctr) - [1229]
ng sut d - [12556]
ng sut a trc - [11646]
ng sut ng - [4642]
ng sut hai chiu - [15947]
ng sut hu hiu - [4791]
ng sut ko - [15257]
ng sut k USBM (ca S Khai khong M) - [16195]
ng sut kt qu - [12575]
ng sut lch - [4097]
ng sut nn - [3216]
ng sut nhit - [15245]
ng sut ni ti (cctr) - [1766]
ng sut php tuyn - [10177]
ng sut phng - [11418]
ng sut quay - [12047]
ng sut tc dng (cctr) - [901]
ng sut thng ng - [16372]
ng sut theo chiu ngang - [7012]
ng sut "ha thch" - [5835]
ng sut "ha thch" do hot ng xm thc - [14141]
ng sut tin c kt - [11815]
ng sut tip - [13637],[15097]
ng sut tip tuyn - [15097]
ng sut tng - [12575]
ng sut trng trng - [6485]
ng sut trc - [11838]
ng sut trc c kt - [11815]
ng sut trt - [13637]
ng sut trc tip - [4286]
ng sut un np - [14624]
ng sut vung gc hu hiu - [4783]
ng x - [14630]
vaesit - [16216]
vai - [13727]
vai ni - [2249]
vai rn - [16007]
vai thung lng - [16241]
Valangini - [16218]
valencianit - [16219]
Valenti - [16220]
valentinit - [16221],[834]
valerit - [16222]
valverdit - [16247]
vanadat - [16249]
vanadi (V) - [16251]
vanadinit - [16250]
vanado-magnetit - [16252]
vanalit - [16253] [7994]
vandenbrandeit - [16254] vch ng chnh - [8909]
vandendriesheit - [16255] vch ng t gy phc tp - [3179]
vanmersheit - [16258] vch ng hai chu trnh - [15951]
van iu tit - [1456] vch ng hoc tng cao - [13383]
vanoxit - [16259] vch ng mi mn do sng - [16698]
vanthofit - [16262] vch ng nh - [13242]
vanuralit - [16263] vch ng bin - [13352]
vanuranylit - [16264] vch t gy - [5417]
vanuxemit - [16265] vch t gy nghch hng - [10227]
variol - [16278] vch t gy ngc - [10227]
variolit - [16279] vch t gy ti sinh - [12484],[12535],[12615]
Variscid - [16281] vch gin on - [4322]
variscit - [16282] vch gia - [9168]
varlamofit - [16283] vch hm - [15905],[15906]
varnsingit - [16284] vch hp nht - [14990]
varulit - [16285] vch (tng) t gy - [16559]
varve - [16286] vch khoang trong - [4983]
vashegyit - [16288] vch khc un - [13234]
vaterit - [16289] vch kiu Lonsdaleia - [8678]
vaterit-A - [16290] vch lm chm do xm thc c - [1114]
vaterit-B - [16291] vch mi mn - [9031]
vauquelinit - [16294] vch mi mn nhn chm - [11520]
vauxit - [16295] vch mi mn rt thp - [10098]
vayrynenit - [16296] vch mui - [13090]
v xp gi nh vo Mollusca Tui: Ordovic sm n vch ngn - [13544],[1999]
Devon mun - [15269] vch ngn trng n - [4230]
vng - [3328] vch ngoi gi - [12006]
vng cm - [6349] vch ngoi siphon - [4757]
vng (Au) - [6345] vch phn - [10907]
vng paladi - [10752] vch ph - [10875],[3740]
vng sa khong - [2002] vch ri - [7]
vng trng - [16825] vch sinh sau - [9363]
vnh - [12726],[3455],[3598] vch st - [13973],[15835]
vnh bin cht - [9338] vch ty u - [12658]
vnh u - [2951] vch th trt - [13234]
vnh hu mn (cs) - [661] vch thoi ha - [7]
vnh (i) nhit - [15377] vch treo - [3518],[6703]
vnh ming dng sao - [5684] vch trong - [7434]
vnh ming - [11093] vch trong ca - [4980]
vnh phn tn chng cht - [14885] vch trc (cs) - [799]
vnh phn tn h - [5300] vch trc ni - [11293]
vnh phn tn kn - [2938] vch trt ng - [8218]
vnh phn tn mui - [13076] vch v ui - [3519]
vnh phn tn nguyn sinh - [11847] vch vng bin - [8132]
vnh phn tn tn d - [12548] vch xoang ngoi - [5019]
vnh phn tn thy a ha - [7150] vch xi mn - [12789]
vnh phn tn th sinh - [13402] vn o lu lng (cthv) - [16766]
vnh ra ming - [11093] vt hai bn - [5409]
vnh rn - [16003] vt mng - [11334]
vnh thch cao - [12723] vt nhn - [15599]
vnh tch hm lng - [9815] vi a k thut - [6215]
vnh tng hm lng - [223] vy - [13220],[8171]
vnh trong - [4932] vy l - [13220]
vnh vai - [13727] vy nh - [14337]
vch - [1311],[13236],[13544],[2884] vy talc - [15078]
vch bo t phn hoa - [14303],[14306] vy vch - [13220]
vch bi bin - [1448] vy ym - [10371]
vch bin - [13346],[9031] vch - [13332]
vch cnh (cs) - [403] vch hp th - [66]
vch cht - [3861] vch quang ph - [14201]
vch chnh - [2339] vch Raman - [12252]
vch c gai - [88] vt tch t - [4530]
vch cng - [13311] vn - [1347],[8389]
vch dc ng - [3518] vn ch (th) - [6456]
vch t gy - [16565] vn di st - [7658]
vch ri - [12841] vn khm - [9734]
vch ven b - [13697] vy c - [7345]
vch y - [15049] vy chm - [15468]
vch i - [3492] vn chuyn - [15705],[15707]
vch n nghing - [9654] vn chuyn ca trm tch - [10915]
vch ng - [10744],[13234],[1343],[1757],[5130],[6751], vn ng ca nc di t - [6595]

830
vn ng kin to - [15188] vesecit - [16380]
vn tc - [16309] veselit - [16796]
vn tc dng chy - [5701] vesignieit - [16384]
vn tc ht - [10905] vestervaldit - [16799]
vn tc hu hiu - [4792] vesuvian - [16385]
vn tc lu lng - [4299] vesuvianit - [16387]
vn tc ra xi - [13329] vesuvit - [16388]
vn tc sui - [14606] veszelyit - [16389]
vn tc truyn sng a chn - [13475] vetston ( mi) - [16814]
vn tc truyn tn hiu (nh sng a chn hoc sng in v - [4519]
t) - [13782] v bn a hnh - [15619]
vt cn tr to bng tch - [10237] v ng ng mc - [3369]
vt cht y - [1470] v hnh - [11488]
vt cht kh thnh - [11551] v cc dng a hnh c hnh rng ca trn sng ni -
vt cht lp nht khe nt - [7438] [13568]
vt i km - [13196] v a l t nhin hc - [11258]
vt liu - [4314],[9102] v pha b - [13712]
vt liu bitum lp nht v lm kn khe nt hoc mi ni v pha h lu - [4484]
(cctr) - [1673] vt - [15663],[2881],[2888]
vt liu bi tch - [511] vt bm c - [13234],[2766],[9836]
vt liu cha kim loi - [9320] vt bm c bn l - [2335]
vt liu - [12849] vt bm c co (cs) - [226]
vt liu qu - [6076] vt bm c khp - [226]
vt liu y - [1470] vt bt - [5751]
vt liu p - [5562] vt chn - [5781]
vt liu t vn chuyn ti ch - [15710] vt nh du - [15663]
vt liu c mi mn do gi - [16325] vt giun b ha thch - [3095]
Vt liu gc c vn chuyn v ti trm tch ngay ni vt gn - [12765],[12766]
gc Tnh t "transported" cng c dng cho loi t vt gn sng ct khng i xng - [14767]
c hnh thnh t ni c gc - [15711] vt gn sng ct kiu periclin - [11074]
vt liu lp y khe nt - [4313] vt gn sng hnh thoi - [10599]
vt liu lp y thung lng - [16227] vt gn sng song song - [10846]
vt liu mi - [39] vt gn sng tng trng - [124]
vt liu mi mn do gi c b mt nhn vng hoang mc vt hn biu sinh - [7243]
- [16886] vt hn c hc - [4939],[5045],[5254],[6893]
vt liu mn (cctr) - [1827] vt hn y - [7256]
vt liu nn trong giai on epigene - [5048] vt hn hnh thnh trong giai on epigene - [5045]
vt liu ngoi lai - [480] vt hn mt lp - [4129]
vt liu phun n - [4807] vt hn ngoi sinh - [5254]
vt liu san lp (cctr) - [1257] vt hn phong ha - [7243]
vt liu st - [12553] vt kha ngang - [7907]
vt liu tn d - [12553] vt lane - [1109]
vt liu ti - [15676] vt l - [3583]
vt liu trn mt t gy - [13505],[13506] vt l dc ng - [5130]
vt liu vn chuyn do sui - [14596] vt l di mt khng chnh hp - [14744]
veatchit - [16298] vt l nm trn - [14876]
vebsterit - [16743] vt li lim - [8754]
vebsterit olivin - [10325] vt nt - [3512],[7802]
vect ng sut - [15675] vt nt gi bn - [5383]
vegasit - [16300] vt nt kh - [4059]
veigelit - [16759] vt nt nh - [6672]
veiselbergit - [16768] vt rnh - [12719]
velardenit - [16307] vt ra tri - [10622]
velikite - [16308] vt ra xi - [13327]
venanzit - [16319] vt so trc - [5933]
venebergit - [16792] vt sng ct ngang - [15716]
venit - [16299],[16321] vt sng ct trn dng sng ngang - [16695]
ven b - [2978],[9961] Vt sng c hnh thnh gn nh vung gc vi hng
ventralit - [16328] ca dng chy - [15717]
Venturi - [16333] vt sng phc tp - [3170],[3197]
verd c hay ng c - [16336] vt trc - [1232]
verdelit - [16337] vt trt t - [8226]
verdit - [16338] vt v - [1737],[5850]
verit - [16339] vt v khng bng phng - [16064]
vermeil - [16340] vt v v bo - [14277]
vermiculit - [16342] vt v v chai N tr nn do khi c nghin lu trong
vermilion - [16343] nc - [5655]
vernadit - [16344] v tinh - [13196]
vernadskit - [16345] vibetoit - [16391]
verplanckit - [16347] Vibrio sp - [16398]
vertumnit - [16376] Vicksburgi - [16402]
vesbit - [16379] vicoit - [16403]

831
vin mao dn - [2232] va dng thu knh - [8392]
vin ra - [4480] va - [13662]
vit tt ca superimposed (Mc Gee - [14895] va dc ng - [11373]
vit tt ca teroa - [15037] va hnh nn - [3256]
vit tt t cyan-magenta-yellow - [2952] va mylonit st - [13605]
vit tt t cyan-magenta-yellow-black - [2953] v - [8277]
vin nhit - [15211] v a t - [6164]
vin thm ch ng - [198] v tuyn - [10834]
vin thm hay cn gi l a cht nh - [12966] v tuyn hoc ng v tuyn - [10844]
vic khai o ngm - [15901] vnh cu - [11101],[11103]
Vin Du m Hoa K - [863] v th - [1159]
vigezit - [16405] v tr - [8439]
vi n tinh - [9428] v tr ca cung trt xung yu (ti hn) - [8622]
vi carota - [9450] v tr i pht - [14400]
vi carota sn - [9443] v tr gng hm - [5342]
vi cu - [3640] v tr khng xc nh - [7367]
vi cu to - [9435] v tr xy dng p - [3810]
vi cht dinh dng - [9454] vnh - [13889],[1427],[4883],[6635],[8466]
vi c sinh vt hc - [9455] vnh o - [10758]
vi a chn - [9464] vnh bin - [8467]
vi ng t - [9432] vnh gia cc ph lu - [7525]
vi eutaxit - [9434] vnh hp - [7477]
vi ht - [3634] vnh h - [10356]
vi ho thch - [9440] vnh ngoi - [5926]
vi h thin thch - [9427],[9453] vnh nh - [1248],[1581],[2072],[3534],[6712]
vi khe nt - [9438] vnh tin tiu - [5926]
vi khun lam - [3750] vladimirit - [16449]
vi khun lu hunh - [14853] vlasovit - [16450]
vi khun sulfur - [14853] vliaumit - [16409]
vi kin to - [9469] vogesit - [16451]
vi lc a - [9426] voglit - [16452]
vi lng c - [9463] volborthit - [16458]
vi lng - [15663] volcanit - [16510]
vi phn di - [9434] Volga h - [8727]
vi sinh vt tri ni to vi - [2092] Volga thng - [16131]
vi stylolit - [9468] volgidit - [16928]
vi thch lun - [9448] volhynit - [16518]
vi thin thch - [9452] volkonskoit - [16519]
vi tinh - [9441],[9444] volkovskit - [16520]
vi tinh th - [9429] voltait - [16521]
vikingit - [16407] voltzite - [16522]
vilamaninit - [16408] volynskit - [16527]
vimsit - [16410] voodendit - [16934]
vincentit - [16411] vorobiefit - [16950]
vinlit - [16413] vorobievit - [16529]
vinogradovit - [16412] vozhminit - [16531]
vinstone ( x Whin) - [16816] vi - [8312]
violait - [16414] vi phun - [5690]
violan - [16415] vi phun (khai thc) - [1456]
violarit - [16416] vm - [15898],[16293],[3688],[4444]
Virgili - [16418] vm bng - [7293]
Virglori - [16420] vm ct - [13130]
viridin - [16421] vm cu to - [14687]
viridit - [16422] vm nh qung ha - [9323]
virut ng rut - [4976] vm gneis - [9001]
Vise - [16430] vm kin to - [14687]
viseit - [16431] vm ln - [928]
vishnevit - [16432] vm mui - [13077]
vismirnovit - [16433] vm np li - [14693]
vitaniemit - [16406] vm ngoi sinh - [5253]
viterbit - [16435] vm ni sinh - [4938]
vitleyit - [16845] vm ni - [4445]
vitriol - [12406] vm ni la - [11493],[16481]
vitrophyric - [16445] vm nc bin - [16620],[16630]
vitrophyrid - [16446] vm nc di t - [6594]
vitrophyr (bn thy tinh) - [16444] vm pediment - [10979]
vitusit - [16447] vm sa mc - [4049]
vivianit - [16448] vm tn d - [12549]
vt - [12829] vm ta mi hng - [12134]
vt neo (cctr) - [685] vng - [12733]
va - [13377],[14573],[1468],[2297],[3496],[8338] vng m tiu - [12427]
va m tiu - [3616] vng ct - [3746]

832
vng cha thn - [1767] v trng tia - [12228]
vng cung chy - [5692] v xon sau - [6657]
vng cung ni la - [16464] vi - [8471]
vng cui (cs) - [1767] vi ha - [2109],[2130]
vng cun - [16848] vi ha mng trc - [2945]
vng t - [3759] vi-kim - [2101]
vng Helmhol - [6794] vi nng nghip - [351]
vng phin di - [2780] vi sng - [8470]
vng to cu - [3554] v c - [7488]
vng tng trng - [6618] v nh hnh - [635]
vng thc n - [5776] V thc vt (t) - [862]
vng trn Mohr - [9605] vng - [4444]
vng trn nguyn thy - [11869] vng nn - [792]
vng trn nh - [13977] v nh (ca bng) - [2168]
vng trn Pi - [11270] vrbait - [16532]
vng trn ng sut - [14616] vuagnatit - [16535]
vng tun hon nc - [16621] vulcanit - [16537]
vng tuf - [15872] vulpinit - [16538]
vng xc tu - [3759] vulsinit - [16539]
vn cc - [11012] vuonemit - [16540]
vn cc cn - [5354] vuorelainenit - [16541]
vn cc a thnh phn - [3196] vurtzit - [16961]
vn cc phn - [5445] vi lp hoc bt li bng ct - [13145]
vn ni la (pisolit - [16495] vng - [14678],[17164],[958],[965]
v - [13672],[15904],[3228],[3469],[3614] vng nh hng - [961]
v cu - [14441],[3756] vng bm c - [9834]
v cun - [3228] vng bng cng - [5600]
v cun bu dc - [4869] vng bin dng do ca t - [11446]
v cun khng cht - [6656] vng bin thm - [81]
v cun phng - [11421],[9952] vng chu ti trng ln hn d kin - [10614]
v cun xon - [15638] vng cha iu tra - [16066]
v cng - [2257],[3618] vng cha thm d - [16066]
V cng (Ostracoda) - [10540] vng c mu pht - [3328]
v dng rn cun - [13559] vng cc i - [11586]
v dt - [11471] vng du kh - [11156]
v i dng - [10244],[10250] vng dc - [12263]
v n - [8184] vng duyn hi - [2979]
v n mnh - [16096] vng i nguyn - [1975]
v Exogyra - [5255] vng y - [861]
v gip c v su b - [4979] vng t bng phng rng ln - [11400]
V gip (Crustacea) - [3617] vng t cao - [16120]
v hu u trng - [4357] vng t cao b xi rnh - [6552]
v hnh nn nh c t ngang vi kch thc v khong vng t chu nh hng thy triu - [15486]
cch thay i - [15269] vng t c - [10301]
v khng bo - [2170] vng t kh bng phng c cao ln - [16121]
v kin to - [15199] vng t khng ng nht - [417]
v kiu Ascoceras (cs) - [1074] vng t lin - [8195]
v kiu Ascocerida (cs) - [1073] vng t mt bn - [15045]
v kiu sng d - [2251] vng t mn (cctr) - [1826]
v ln - [8792] vng t ngp nc - [16807]
v lc a - [3337] vng t xu - [1275]
v ngoi - [5034] vng nh - [10886]
v ngoi mng - [11081],[11090],[11091] vng nh (cs) - [865]
v nh - [9425] vng i - [6913]
v nhn ra - [10630] vng ng t - [13461],[4687]
v non - [10014] vng t gy - [960]
v nn - [3291] vng gm mn - [21]
v nn cong - [3780] vng gia lu vc sng - [7518]
v nn di - [8660] vng g - [6913]
v nn khoang - [3040] vng hot ng - [4441]
v nn ngn (cs) - [1924] vng hot ng ni la - [16483]
v nn trong - [11229] vng h - [8153]
v phong ha - [16730] vng karst - [7894]
v phi - [9790] vng kh hn - [1001]
v rn ca Tri t - [14077] vng mng - [8410]
v sa mc - [4048] vng nng trung tm - [2524]
v san h - [3419] vng nn Boussinesq (cctr) - [1866]
v sng thng - [10502] vng nn (v) - [10886]
v to cu - [3007] vng ngho qung - [7087]
v trong - [4929] vng phn b sinh vt - [1600]
V trong (hoc Hai mang) (Coleoidea hay Dibranchiata) - vng phun nc t nhin - [1052]
[3067] vng st - [14699]

833
vng st ln - [14798],[962] wakefieldite - [16556]
vng tht nt - [9963] walchowit - [16557]
vng thot nc - [4503] walentait - [16558]
vng thu nc - [2421] walisit - [16563]
vng trng dng a ho - [1170] walpurgit - [16566]
vng trc - [5932] walstromit - [16567]
v hnh ng - [15860] waltherit - [16568]
vng - [11683],[1581],[3534] wardit - [16572]
vng ca sng - [6666] warikahnit - [16574]
vng karst - [13883],[7887] warsmithit - [16573]
vng nh - [3499] warwickit - [16579]
vng nc - [11678],[16635],[6941] Wasatchi - [16580]
vng nc bn - [16564] watevilit - [16688]
vng nc cn - [12693] Waucobi - [16689]
Vng nc (nh trong bn ) li trn bi bin hoc rn wavelit - [16721]
bi mt k triu rng - [15506] waylandit - [16726]
vng sng v - [13213],[14949] weberit - [16742]
vng tru m - [1988] wedelit - [16744]
vng triu - [15495],[15505] wegsheiderit - [16756]
vng vnh - [1716] weibulit - [16758]
v k - [11544] weilerit - [16763]
vn - [2828] weilit - [16764]
vng - [8466] weinshenkit - [16765]
vng bin - [8144],[8145] weisbachit - [16767]
vng bin nh - [8136] weisit - [16770]
vng chn - [1357] weksit - [16753]
vng ca mt o san h dng vng - [16317] Weleri - [16812]
vng ca sng - [5155] welinit - [16772]
vng nc ngt ven b - [6666] weloganit - [16788]
vn m tiu - [12417] welshit - [16789]
vn bin su - [2757] welsit - [16785]
vn dolomit - [2835],[4422] wenkit - [16790]
vn - [4077],[5662] Wenlocki - [16791]
vn khng ni la - [109] Werfeli - [16793]
vn ngoi lai - [5317] werlit - [16757]
vn ha - [2827] wermlandit - [16794]
vn ngoi sinh - [2828] wernerit - [16795]
vn ni la - [12075],[16480],[16493],[16502] westerveldit - [16798]
vn phong ha - [1133] westgrenit - [16800]
vn phong thnh - [703] Westphali - [16802]
vn sinh ha tha sinh - [477] wheryit - [16813]
vn sinh vt (cs) - [1604] whewelit - [16815]
vn than - [2958] whiteit - [16828]
vn v do bng h - [3272] Whiterock - [16838]
v n cc ln - [1580] whitlockit - [16846]
vt - [257] whitmoreit - [16847]
va - [9731] wickenburgit - [16852]
va bo v b mt - [2760] wickmanit - [16853]
va st - [9731] wicksit - [16854]
va xi mng - [9731] widemanit - [16855]
vc bin ra - [9020] wikit - [16858]
vc bin su - [9478] wilcoxit - [16859]
vc nh - [12690] Wildernessi - [16862]
vc ln - [6414] wilemseit - [16866]
vc ra tri - [10623] wiliamsit - [16867]
vc su trc - [5796] wilkeit - [16863]
vc thm - [6663],[75] wilkmanit - [16864]
vc vng bin - [8131] willemit - [16865]
vyacheslavit - [16542] wilsonit - [16871]
vysotskit - [16543] wiluit - [16874]
vyuntspakhit - [16544] wilyamit - [16868]
Waali - [16545] windsorit - [16894]
wack - [16546] winstanleyit - [16901]
wacke arkos - [1015] wiserit - [16907]
wacke feldspar - [5464] withamit - [16909]
wad - [16548] witherit - [16911]
wadeit - [16549] witichenit - [16912]
wadsleyit - [16550] witit - [16913]
wagnerit - [16551] witmanit - [16857]
wairakit - [16552] wochlerit - [16914]
wairauit - [16553] wodanit - [16915]
wakabayashilit - [16554] wodginit - [16916]

834
woehlerit - [16917] xo ng - [4385]
woelerit - [16918] xo trn - [4385]
wofsbergit - [16927] xo trn kin to - [15177]
wolastonit - [16930] xo trn mu - [13113]
wolchonskoit - [16919] x - [3892]
Wolfcampi - [16920] x nc c p (t lu - [1048]
wolfeit - [16921] x nc thi - [13587]
wolfram - [16922] x kh actini - [181]
wolframin - [16924] x quang k - [185]
wolframit - [16925] xng t nhin - [9934]
wolfram (W) - [15886] xm nhp - [7583],[7584]
wolframoixiolit - [16926] xm nhp ca nc bin - [13369]
wolsendorfit - [16931] xm nhp ca nc mn - [13093]
woodfordit - [16935] xm nhp ng kin to - [15021]
woodhouseit - [16937] xm nhp ng to ni - [15011]
woodrufit - [16941] xm nhp hnh phu - [5962]
woodvardit - [16944] xm nhp nc mn - [13092]
wroewolfeit - [16955] xm nhp phn tng - [14537]
Wuchiaping - [16956] xm nhp sau to ni - [11740]
wulfenit - [16957] xm nhp su - [11528],[11529]
wustit - [16962] xm tn ngu nhin vy quanh hoc qung giu -
wyartit - [16963] [11569]
wylieit - [16964] xm thc - [1912],[3467],[5107],[7355]
Wrmi - [16960] xm thc bn trong - [7550]
xa - [4363] xm thc do sng - [5736]
xa b - [10282] xm thc dng - [2614]
xa nh - [9] xm thc a cht - [6145]
xa l ming - [8] xm thc a phng - [3326]
xa ming - [29],[5] xm thc git li - [1267]
xa ngun - [4363] xm thc mng xi - [6639]
xa ngun magma - [15208] xm thc ngang - [8257],[8259]
xa rn san h - [10279] xm thc phn d (xm thc mang tnh phn d) - [4201]
xai rnh - [6553] xm thc su - [6639]
xalostocit - [16967] xm thc sng bng - [6273]
xanh lam v xanh) - [11845] xm thc thng ngun - [6752],[6754]
xanpet natri - [14026] xm thc tin trin - [96]
xanthiosit - [16968] xm thc vch - [2885]
xanthit - [16969] xm thc vng trn - [2792]
xanthochroit - [16970] xm thc v tr - [3474]
xanthoconit - [16971] xm thc vt tri - [96]
xanthophylit - [16972] xp x - [902]
xanthosiderit - [16973] xe ct kt - [1366]
xanthoxenit - [16974] xe lu bnh st nhn - [13999]
x n - [13855] xe vn chuyn t - [4598]
x gai - [12620] xen chn mt - [249]
x lan khoan - [4547] xen k - [7522]
x ni - [4355] xen k cc lp - [551]
x phng - [12858] xen tay - [7520]
x phc - [12629] xenolith - [5069]
xc ( lt) - [5328] xenon (Xe) - [16981]
xc nh tro - [1078] xenotim - [16984]
xc nh khong vt bng tnh ton - [2410] xn ct - [15846]
xc nh sc bn ct bng phn tch ngc s c ph hy x chn vt - [10759]
mi dc - [13636] x i - [4169]
xc nh sc bn ko ca bng th nghim bm p - x dch a tng - [14563]
[15256] xp - [14889]
xc nh sc bn ko ca ngoi hin trng - [15255] xp chng - [14897],[14907]
xc nh trng ng sut bng phng php bm p nc xp dy mt bn - [9665]
bin dng l khoan - [16775] xp lp - [2822]
xc nh tui - [304] xp lp phi - [4108]
xc nh tui bng carbon phng x - [12214] xp ngi - [7345]
xc nh tui bng ng v phng x C14 - [2276] xp nhnh xon - [5203]
xc nh tui bng fluor (F) - [5727] xp thng hng khong vt - [9532]
xc nh tui bng phng php phng x - xin - [3917]
[12217],[12219] xin xui - [3889]
xc nh tui ng v - [7723] xifengit - [16989]
xc nh tui phng x - [12194] xi mng vi - [2088],[2100]
xc nh tui theo du vt phn r t ng - [14291] xilingolit - [16990]
xc nh tui theo triti - [15812] ximng ha ht - [6438]
xc nh tui tuyt i - [48] xingzhongit - [16991]
xc minh a tng - [14545] xitieshanit - [16993]
xc sut - [11891] xch o t - [6162]

835
x nghip khai thc m - [9502] yatalit - [17029]
x nghip m - [9502] Yavapai - [17030]
xoang - [13889] yavapait - [17031]
xoang o - [8997] yderit - [17064]
xoang a - [4295] yeatmanit - [17035]
xoang ngoi - [5250] yedlinit - [17036]
xoy - [4762] yenit - [17048]
xoy nc - [16817] yn bn - [8264]
xon - [3395] yn (cs) - [13026]
xon c - [6654] yn nga lt ngc - [15832]
xocomecatlit - [16994] yn tnh - [2163]
xonotlit - [16995] yu cu - [3977]
xa b - [6] yu sch [2811]
xi l - [13322],[16586] yu t - [5350]
xi mn - [20],[3928],[5107] yu t nh dng tuyn - [11227]
xi mn bn te - [14271] yu t ca ng khu - [14928]
xi mn bnh thng - [10166] yu t i xng - [4855]
xi mn do sng - [16707] yu t Rng nn - [3289]
xi mn do triu - [15497] yu t Rng nn phin mng - [8174]
xi mn c bit - [14176] yu t tuyn tnh - [8504]
xi mn u b mt - [13646],[16030] yftisit - [17049]
xi mn u do l - [13650] yimengit - [17061]
xi mn a cht - [6145] yixunit - [17062]
xi mn gi - [16881] Ynezi - [17063]
xi mn hay xm thc do trng lc - [6492] yofortierit - [17065]
xi mn rnh - [12717],[12720],[12721],[12722] yoshimurait - [17068]
xi mn sui - [14585] youth - [17075]
xi mn thng ng - [16360] Ypresi - [17076]
xi trn - [16587] yterbi (Yb) - [17079]
xp - [2342] ytrialit - [17080]
xung a chn - [13468] ytri (Y) - [17081]
xung t do mi trng - [5008] ytrocerit - [17082]
xung t mi trng - [4994] ytrocolumbit - [17083]
xung kin to - [12027] ytrocrasit - [17084]
xu hng trung tm - [2523] ytrofluorit - [17085]
xu th mt - [15744] ytrotantalit - [17086]
xu th pht trin ca mt tp hp mu trong khng gian 3 ytrotungstit - [17087]
chiu (trend) - [15740] yugawaralit - [17088]
xuyn - [11025] yukonit - [17089]
xuyn cn - [3254] yuksporit - [17090]
xuyn cn kiu H Lan - [4623] y hc a cht - [6175]
xuyn ln - [5326],[5327] zairit - [17091]
xuyn tnh CPT - [14398] zakhorovit - [17092]
xuyn vo t - [11025] Zancle - [17093]
xc l thin - [3730] zapatalit - [17094]
xc tu - [15267] zaphrentid (Zaphrentidae) - [17095]
xng chc - [5964] zaratit - [17096]
xng n - [2842] zavaritskit - [17097]
xng hng - [3510] zeasit - [17099]
xng li hi - [2344] Zechstein - [17106]
xng sn gi - [6048] zeilleriid - [17107]
xng tay (cs) - [1880] zektzerit - [17108]
x l acid - [156] zelerit - [17109]
x l nh - [7342] zemanit - [17110]
x l t - [6572] Zemori - [17111]
x l t nn - [14348] zeolit - [17112]
x l ha hc - [2659] zeolit dng tc - [6675]
x l ha-l - [11257] zeolit ho - [17115]
x l nn mng - [6572] zeophylit - [17116]
x l qung - [10430] zeunerit - [17123]
x l s liu - [15731] zeylanit - [17124]
x l s liu trn my tnh - [3220] zhemchuzh-nikovit - [17125]
xylanthit - [17013] zinasit - [17127]
xylit - [17015] zincaluminit - [17129]
xylopal - [17018] zincit - [17132]
xylotil - [17019] zinckenit - [17133]
yafsoanit - [17022] zincobotryogen - [17135]
yagit - [17023] zincocopiapit - [17136]
yamaskit - [17025] zincrosasit - [17137]
yamatoit - [17026] zincsilit - [17138]
yaroslavit - [17027] zinkenit - [17143]
yarowit - [17028] zinwaldit - [17144]

836
zipeit - [17145]
zipeit cobalt - [2993]
zipeit km - [17142]
zipeit magnesi - [8879]
zipeit natri - [14044]
zipeit-nickel - [10070]
zircon - [17146]
zirconi (Zr) - [17148]
zirconit - [17147]
zirconolit - [17149]
zircophylit - [17150]
zircosulfat - [17151]
zirkelit - [17152]
zirklerit - [17153]
837
zirkophylit - [17154]
zirsinalit - [17155]
Zlichov - [17156]
zoisit - [17157]
zoolit - [17219]
zoophasmic - [17222]
zorit - [17223]
Zuloagan - [17224]
zusmanit - [17225]
zvyaginsevit - [17227]
zwieselit - [17228]
zykait - [17230]
zynyit - [17231]
 aa [1] : dung nham dng mnh, dung nham
dng aa.
Dung nham c mt g gh, dng x, gm
nhiu mnh vn ln nh hp thnh; c trng
cho ni la hnh khin i dng hoc lp
phun tro trn cao nguyn lc a.
Aalenian [2] : Aalen.
Bc do Mayer Eymar (1864) xc lp theo tn
thnh ph Aalen, c, l bc ca thi a tng
Quc t, bc thp nht ca Jura trung (trn bc
Toarci, di bc Bajoc). Theo mt s nh
nghin cu, Aalen l ph bc ca Bajoc hoc
phn cao nht ca Jura h.
AASHTO classification system [3] : h phn
loi t AASHTO.
H phn loi t AASHTO c Cc Giao
thng Hoa K gii thiu vo cui nhng nm
1920 trong xy dng nn ng cao tc. Sau
nhiu ln sa i, h c Hi ng b vi trc ng vt khng xng sng hay
Hoa K (American Association of State
Highway and Transportation Officials) chp
nhn nm 1945 v sau vn tip tc c sa
i. H AASHTO c nu dng mt bng
cc nhm t, nh s t A1 n A7 trn c s
mt s tiu chun nh c ht, gii hn lng, do
v.v. t c phn loi bng cch p cc s liu
th nghim ln lt vo tng nhm ca bng t
tri qua phi cho n khi gp c nhm u
tin ph hp.
a axis [4] : trc a.
1- Mt trong cc trc tinh th c dng
m t tinh th. Trc ny nm ngang, hng t
sau ra trc.
2- Trong tinh th h thoi hoc h ba nghing
thng l trc ngn. Trong tinh th h n
nghing l trc nghing. Ch dng ch trc
vit dng ch nghing. V d trc b, trc c.
3- Trong cu to ca bin dng l mt trc
ca h trc to cu to abc, trong trc a l
trc dch chuyn cc i. Cc vt xc trn mt
trt song song vi trc a.
abactinal [5] : xa ming, i ming.
V tr pha trn v Cu gai hoc v pha i
din vi mt ming ca Hu bin.
abandon [6] : b, t b, xa b.
abandoned cliff [7] : vch ri, vch thoi ha.
Vch b bin c thnh to khng phi
do sng bin m do mc nc bin nng ln, h
xung hoc do s thoi ha ca n chn vch.
abapertural [8] : xa l ming.
Nhng b phn nm xa l ming v Chn
bng, Chn u Nautiloidea v Tentaculitida.
abapical [9] : xa nh.
Nhng b phn nm xa nh (trn) Chn
bng, v pha vng cun cui.
abathochroal eye [10] : mt khng mu.
Mt dng mt ca B ba thy, b ngoi
ging vi dng mt x nhng khng c
mu cng.
abaxial [11] : ngoi trc, i trc.
Nhng b phn nm ngoi trc hoc i din
thc vt.
Abbe refractometer [12] : chit sut k Abbe,
khc x k Abbe.
Thit b dng xc nh ch s chit sut ca
dung dch, khong vt. i lng ny c o
da theo gi tr ca gc ti hn.
ABC soil [13] : tng th nhng ABC.
Tng th nhng c mt ct pht trin y
, r rng, bao gm c cc tng A, B v C.
ABC system [14] : h thng ABC.
Phng php hiu chnh s liu a chn i
vi lp mt c vn tc nh nhng c chiu dy
khng n nh. Kt qu ca n l c s b tr
cc im n v cc my thu sng.
abdomen [15] : phn bng.
Phn pha sau v thng ko di ca c th
ng vt Chn khp, ng sau phn ngc hay
phn u ngc; c th l cc t tip ni phn
ngc ca ng vt V gip, k c t bng cui,
bao gm 7 t hoc t hn, hoc phn khng
phn t ca nhm Dng nhn hay nhm Ming
t nm pha sau u ngc; khp ni th ba ca
v Trng tia thuc phn b Nassellina.
1
 abelsonite [16] : abelsonit.
Khong vt h ba nghing :
C32H36N4Ni (porphyrin nickel).
aber [17] : ca sng hoc ng ba sng.
abernathyite [18] : abernathyit.
Khong vt: K(UO2)(AsO4).4H2O.
abiogenesis [19] : pht trin phi sinh.
S pht trin ca sinh vt sng t cht
v sinh.
ablation [20] : xi mn, tan mn, ra mn,
tiu mn.
1-(m) Qu trnh tch ri v vn chuyn vt
liu ca t i ni khc, hnh thnh nhng
trm tch (hoc m) tn d, do tc dng ca gi
hoc s ra tri nhng vt liu b ri v d ho
tan.
2-(cthv) Mt s tc gi chuyn dng thut
ng ny ch qu trnh tan mn ca bng, do
b nng chy v bc hi. n: wastage.
3-(th) S thay i cu to b mt nng chy
ca thin thch khi bay vo kh quyn.
ablation area [21] : vng gm mn.
Vng sng bng hay tuyt ph, hng nm c
s bc mn, gm mn ln hn s tch t.
ablation cave [22] : hang trong cc sng
bng (hang tan mn).
min bng tch, hang c chiu cao v chiu
rng vi mt, c thnh to gn cui sng
bng do s tun hon ca khng kh m, ni c
dng nc tan chy di bng.
ablation debris [23] : mnh vn tiu mn.
Cc mnh vn thuc tt c cc c ht, t
c tng ti c st, nm trn b mt ca bng
di dng bit lp hoc thnh chui khng
lin tc to thnh bng tch tan mn. Thut
ng ny cng c s dng ch vt liu c
cha bng tch tan mn.
ablation form [24] : dng a hnh bng tuyt.
c thnh to trn b mt ca tuyt, tuyt
ht hoc bng b tan hay do bc hi.
ablation moraine [25] : bng tch tan mn.
Mt lp lin tc hay mt chui g gh st
hay mnh vn tiu mn hoc nm trn bng
trong vng tiu mn, hoc trn nn bng tch c
ngun gc t cng mt sng bng.
ablation till [26] : tng st tiu mn.
Mnh vn tng c mt trong hoc trn
mt sng bng, tch t ti ch khi b mt bng
b tiu mn.
ablikite [27] : ablikit. n: ablykite.
ablykite [28] : ablykit.
Vt liu st c cha alumosilicat Mg, Ca v
K. So vi haloysit th c c tnh mt nc nh
nhau nhng khc vi khong vt ny cc c
tnh v nhit v nhiu x rnghen. n: ablikite.
aboral [29] : xa ming, i ming.
Nhng b phn nm xa ming hoc i din
vi ming ng vt khng xng sng.
aboral margin [30] : ra i ming.
Ra pha di ca mt yu t Rng nn
nhn t pha bn.
aboral pole [31] : cc i ming.
u cui ca Chitinozoa dng bnh tht c,
gm bung cha thn v ; im giao nhau
gia trc ming-i ming vi mt i ming
ca v ng vt Da gai, l trung tm ca mt
i ming.
aboral side [32] : pha i ming.
Mt di ca mt yu t Rng nn.
aboral surface [33] : mt i ming.
Mt di ca v mt Sao bin c nh.
aboriginal [34] : bn a, bn x (cs).
Mt ni, mt h ng vt hoc mt h thc
vt c gc gc mt a phng ring bit,
phn bit vi cc dng c du nhp hoc di c
sau ny.
abranchiate [35] : khng c mang.
c im khng c mang th di nc
ca loi c sng trn cn.
abrasion [36] : qu trnh mi mn (m).
Hin tng phong ha c hc lm v vn,
nghin nt hay mi mn b mt ngoi ca .
Cc mnh vn ny b mi mn khi chng b gi,
bng hoc nc cun i.
abrasion pH [37] : pH mi mn (bo mn).
Thut ng ch pH c trng ca mt loi
bt khong l lng trong nc, kt qu ca t
hp cc phn ng thy phn v ho tan.
abrasion platform [38] : b mt mi mn, nn
mi mn.
Phn b mt rng, thoi v pha bin c
gii hn bi khong cch gia mc triu ln v
triu xung v c thnh to do s mi mn
lin tc ca sng bin. Ss: wave-cut platform;
plain of marine erosion.
abrasive [39] : kh nng bo mn, vt liu
mi, bt mi.
1- Mnh , ht khong vt hoc ht ct l
tc nhn t nhin lm mn vt liu hay b
mt lc a.
2- Vt liu t nhin hay nhn to bt k c
th dng mi, nh bng, ct gt hoc c ra.
Bt mi t nhin gm c kim cng, corindon,
granat, ct thch anh, diatomit, bt. Bt mi
nhn to gm ch yu l bt mi silic, nhm
nng chy v nitrat Bo.
abrasiveness test [40] : th nghim mi mn
(cctr).
2
 Mt dng th nghim dng xc nh
mi mn ca dng c ct . Ngi ta o kh
nng lm mn dng c ca ct nh u
mi khoan, hoc a ca ca mt my khoan
o hm. Chng hn, mi mn ca a ca
c xc nh bng cch cn trng lng mt i
ca a mi c hnh dng v cng tiu chun,
mi trn mt vi mt tc v khong cch
tiu chun. mi mn Ar, l nghch o ca
khi lng mt. Ar nh chng t a c kh
nng chu mi mn cao.
abration shoreline [41] : ng b thoi lui.
ng b xi l hoc ng b xi mn.
abrolhos [42] : abrolhos.
Thut ng c s dng Brazil ch mt
loi m tiu hnh nm pht trin mnh v pha
trn mt.
Absaroka sequence [43] : Absaroka.
Phn v thch a tng Bc M, ph khng
chnh hp ln thng Mississipi (ng vi Carbon
h) v b trm tch Jura trung hoc tr hn ph
khng chnh hp ln trn.
absite [44] : absit.
Mt bin th branerit cha thori :
(U,Ca,Ce,Th...)(Ti,Fe)2O6.
Khong vt branerit cha thori.
absolute abundance [45]:phong ph tuyt i.
S lng chnh xc cc c th ca mt taxon
trong mt vng nht nh.
absolute activity [46] : hot tnh tuyt i.
absolute age [47] : tui tuyt i.
Tui ca , khong vt hoc qung biu th
bng n v thi gian (thng l nm), c xc
nh bng cc phng php phng x. Hin nay,
thut ng ny t c s dng v n khng th
hin c bn cht ca vn , thay vo ,
ngi ta dng thut ng : tui phng x hoc
tui ng v.
absolute age determination [48] : xc nh
tui tuyt i.
Cch tnh tui a cht ca mu da vo s
phn r phng x ca cc ng v phng x
to ra cc ng v phng x mi trong mt thi
gian nht nh.
absolute chronology [49] : nin i tuyt i.
Trnh t thi gian da trn tui a cht tuyt
i, c xc nh bng kt qu phn tch phng
x (tnh theo nm), khc vi nin i tng i
xc nh theo phn v a tng hoc theo
ha thch.
absolute date [50] : tui tuyt i.
nh tui cc s kin a cht thng tnh
bng nm.
absolute error [51] : sai s tuyt i.
absolute gravity instrument [52] : dng c
o gi tr trng lc tuyt i.
Dng c o gi tr trng lc tuyt i ti mt
im. y l dng o kh hn nhiu so vi xc
nh gi tr tng i, bi l mi nh hng vt
l u phi c xc nh, nh gi vi chnh
xc rt cao.
absolute humidity [53] : m tuyt i.
Hm lng hi nc trong khng kh, c
th hin bng khi lng ca nc trn mt n
v th tch khng kh (g/m3 hay mg/m3).
absolute permeability [54]: thm tuyt i.
Kh nng ca t cho mt cht lng hay
kh thm qua khi cc l hng bo ha
hon ton.
absolute strength value of an explosive [55] :
gi tr cng ph tuyt i ca cht n.
absolute time [56] : thi gian tuyt i.
Thi gian a cht c tnh bng nm, c
bit l thi gian c xc nh bng cc phng
php ng v trn c s s phn r phng x ca
cc ng v nguyn t ha hc.
absolute viscosity [57] : nht tuyt i.
X: coefficient of viscosity.
absolute volume [58] : th tch tuyt i.
Th tch thc s ca nhng ht ct, ca ct
liu b tng,... thng c xc nh bng cch
nhn chm chng vo nc ri o th tch nc
b chim ch.
absorbed water [59] : nc hp th.
Nc c t (hay cc vt liu xp) hp
th v tng tr trong nhng l hng hoc
khe nt.
absorbing well [60]: l khoan (ging) hp th.
L khoan (hoc ging, h) c kh nng hp
th cht lng t bn ngoi np vo, c dng
vo cc mc ch b sung nhn to tr lng
nc di t, tho kh t ngp nc, chn vi
nc thi vo lng t, v.v. n: drainage well.
absorptance [61] : h s hp th.
absorption [62] : hp th.
1- S ht nc b mt vo trong thch quyn.
2- Qu trnh mt cht lng chui qua cc l
rng ca mt vt liu.
3- Hin tng cht ny ht cht khc vo
trong n. V d: cht lng trong cht rn, cht
kh trong cht lng.
absorption band [63] : di hp th, m
hp th.
Khong bc sng trong bc x in t b
hp th bi khng kh. V d: di hp th khng
kh t 5 n 8 m, do hi nc hp th nhit
bc x hng ngoi bc sng .
absorption coefficient [64] : h s hp th.
n: absorptance.
3
 absorption edge [65] : gii hn hp th.
Bc sng ti c s bin i t ngt
cng ca ph hp th (Thut ng cng
thng c p dng cho ph hunh quang tia
X). Cn gi l absorption limit.
absorption line [66] : ng hp th, vch
hp th.
ng mu ti ca ph hp th ca vt cht
do cc bc sng no trong ph b hp th
mt cch chn lc khi i qua mt mi trng.
absorption loss [67] : tn tht do hp th.
S mt nc trong giai on tch nc ban
u h cha do b t hp th.
absorption spectroscopy [68] : php o ph
hp th.
S quan trc mt ph hp th v ton b qu
trnh din ra trong khi o.
absorption spectrum [69] : ph hp th.
Dy cc di hp th v vch hp th xut
hin khi ph c truyn lin tc qua mi
trng hp th chn lc.
abstraction [70] : ly nc.
S ly nc t ngun (sng, h, ging,...)
s dng vo cc mc ch kinh t-dn sinh.
n: witdrawal.
abtragung [71] : suy gim th tch do
phong ha.
Phn gim th tch ca cc mnh vn
khng trc tip do s bo mn ca dng chy,
m do qu trnh phong ha v vn chuyn
ca chng.
abundance [72] : phong ph.
Thut ng dng trong sinh thi hc ch s
lng c th ca mt taxon ring bit trn mt
din phn b hoc mt khi lng trm tch
nht nh.
abundance zone [73] : i phong ph.
Sinh i c trng bi phong ph ti a v
s lng c th ca mt taxon hay mt vi
taxon, nht thit phi c coi nh l i cc
thnh (acme zone).
abutment [74] : gi ta u cu c chn .
abyssal [75] : bin thm, vc thm, abysal.
1- Nhng i su nht ca mt h cha c
nhit ng nht v nc yn tnh.
2- Mi trng i dng hoc i c su
trn 900 m. Cn c th hiu l th gii sinh vt
sng mi trng .
3- Xm nhp magma xut hin su ln.
abyssal benthic [76] : y bin thm.
Sinh vt y i bin thm ca i dng.
n: abyssobenthic.
abyssal cone [77] : nn phng vt y i
dng, nn trm tch bin thm.
Mt kiu nn phng vt trm tch ngm
di bin.
abyssal deposit [78] : trm tch bin thm.
abyssal fan [79] : nn phng vt bin thm.
Nn phng vt vng bin thm.
abyssal gap [80] : khe h i dng.
Phn ni gia hai ng bng bin thm (c
mc nc khc nhau) m cc trm tch vn c
vn chuyn qua . n: gap.
abyssal hill [81] : g, i, vng bin thm.
a hnh thp, dng g, i, cn, thng ph
bin y i dng, thng thy bnh
nguyn bin thm, trong cc trng i dng,
c ngn cch bi cc sng ni, cc phn nh
cao hoc c mng i dng.
abyssal pelagic [82] : ngoi khi bin thm.
Mi trng bin khi hoc i dng m
su thm. n: abyssopelagic.
abyssal plain [83] : ng bng bin thm.
ng bng bng phng ca y i dng,
thng phn y ca thm lc a, c dc
nh hn 1: 1000. c thnh to do lng ng
trm tch ca cc dng cun xoy hoc do trm
tch bin khi.
ac joint [84] : khe nt ac.
Khe nt song song vi mt ac ca h trc ta
cu to abc trong cc np un v vung gc
vi trc np un.
Acadian [85] : Acadi.
Thng khu vc Bc M, Cambri trung (trn
bc Georgi v di bc Posdam) Bc M.
Acadian orogeny [86] : to ni Acadi.
Xy ra vo Paleozoi gia Bc M.
acantharian [87] : Acantharian.
Trng tia thuc mt phn b c trng bi
khung xng bng sulfat stronti pht sinh t tm
v mt ti trung tm bao bc bi mt mng n
mng.
acanthine septum [88] : vch c gai.
Vch san h n th c mu dng gai.
acanthite [89] : acanthit.
Khong vt h n nghing: Ag2S, ng hnh
vi argentit v l khong vt ca qung bc.
acanthopore [90] : gai l.
Cu trc khung xng dng que nh ny sinh
t mt l, gm mt li cng bao quanh bng bao
phin mng hnh nn nm trong vch hoc
khung xng ngoi cc Ru ng vt mi
hp. Cc gai l to nn cc mu dng gai trn b
mt qun th.
acanthostyle [91] : gai xng.
Gai xng n trc ca Bt bin, hu nh
khp mt ngoi c nhng gai ngn v mnh.
acanthus [92] : nn gai.
4
 Cht trm ng th sinh trong y bung ca
Trng l (nh Endothyra), nhn nhng khng
cong v pha trc. Sn: acanthi.
acarid [93] : Acarida (cs).
Mt nhm dng nhn thuc mt b v khng
c s phn t bng, nhng c th c chia
thnh (t) thn trc v thn sau. Tui t
Devon n nay.
acaustobiolith [94] : sinh vt khng
chy c.
Mt loi hu c khng chy c hoc l
mt loi thnh to do s tch t hu c ca
vt liu thun khong cht. Ss: caustobiolith.
acaustophytolith [95] : gc thc vt khng
chy c.
L mt loi sinh vt khng chy c
(acaustobiolith), thnh to t hot ng ca th
gii thc vt, v d nh loi bn bin khi cha
to silic (to diatom), m tiu san h hoc
vi.
accelerated erosion [96] : xm thc vt tri,
xm thc tin trin.
Qu trnh xm thc xy ra mt vng no
vi mc ln hn, mnh hn so vi qu trnh
xm thc bnh thng. Qu trnh ny thng
xy ra do hot ng ca con ngi (v d : ph
rng khai hoang, dit c, khai thc l thin, lm
ng t,... hoc do cc yu t t nhin) lm
ph hy lp ph t nhin, lm gim tc bn
vng b mt v mc thm lc.
acceleration due to gravity [97] : gia tc
trng trng.
Gia tc ri t do ca vt th trong chn
khng di tc ng ca lc hp dn. Tuy vy,
gi tr thc ca n bin i theo cao, v v
bn cht ca v tr , gi tr tiu chun l mnh, bm vo mnh v mt vt bm; c m
980.665 cm/s2 do y ban o lng Quc t
cng nhn.
accelerators in shotcrete [98] : ph gia, cht
xc tc trong phun b tng.
Trn vo va b tng trc khi phun lm
ci thin mt s c tnh c hc nh : kh nng
ng cng nhanh, dnh bm cao, v.v.
accelerometer [99] : my o gia tc, gia
tc k.
Mt loi my a chn c ng c tuyn t
l tuyn tnh vi gia tc ca t ti im tip
xc ca my.
acceletator [100] : cht xc tc, ph gia.
Trong b tng, ph gia c th lm tng tc
thy ha ca xi mng, do rt ngn thi gian
ng kt v tng tc cng hay pht trin
cng .
acceptance [101]:nhn, chp nhn,nghim thu.
accessory [102] : ph tng, thit b km
theo; ph, thnh phn ph, th yu.
1- ph tng, thit b km theo.
n: auxiliary.
2- (th) Cc mnh vn l sn phm ph c
ngun gc t hng ni la phun ra (theo phn
loi ngun gc).
3- (cs) Mt yu t ph hay th yu ng
khu v Cc , th d "thy ph".
4- Khong vt c s lng rt nh trong .
khng quyt nh tn gi ca nhng rt quan
trng v n ch th ngun gc, tim nng
khong sn.
accessory aperture [103] : l ph.
L v Trng l tri ni, khng dn thng
vo bung u m m rng pha di hoc qua
cu trc ph (nh bt v np rn). V d l mi,
l ph di phin v l ph trong phin.
accessory archeopyle suture [104] : ng
khu l vch bo ph.
ng khu l vch bo Trng roi
Dinoflagellata, gm mt khe nt ngn trn vch
lin k vi ng khu chnh, hoc c th pht
trin y hn trn np ti nang v chia np
ti ny thnh hai hay nhiu mnh.
accessory element [105] : nguyn t ph,
nguyn t vt.
n: trace element.
accessory mineral [106] : khong vt ph.
Khong vt c mt trong vi s lng rt
t khng lm nh hng n phn loi . Trong
trm tch, chng l cc khong vt nng.
n: accessory (kv).
accessory muscle [107] : c ph, c th yu.
C c vai tr khng r rt Thn mm Hai
v Tay cun, c i, phn nhnh t cc c m
v chnh.
accessory slot [108] : khe lp b mu.
Khe h nm gia vt knh v nicol phn tch
ca knh hin vi thch hc dng lp bn
b mu.
accidental [109] : vn khng c ngun gc
ni la.
Cc mnh vn ni la, hnh thnh t cc
mnh vn khng lin quan ti ni la phun.
l phn loi vt liu ni la da theo kiu
ngun gc. n: noncognate.
accidental error [110] : sai s ngu nhin.
Sai s xy ra khng theo bt c quy lut ton
hc hay vt l no m sinh ra do nhng bin i
ngu nhin, iu kin bn ngoi khng th
khng ch c. n: random error.
accidental event [111] : bin c ngu nhin.
5
 Bin c c th xy ra m cng c th khng
xy ra vi cc iu kin xc nh. Trong a
cht, cn lu n khi nim cc bin c ngu
nhin c lp. Hai bin c ngu nhin a v B
c gi l c lp nu vic xy ra bin c ny b mt .
khng nh hng ti vic xy ra bin c kia,
hoc ni khc i - xc sut xut hin ng thi
c hai bin c ny bng tch hai xc sut xy ra
tng bin c ring bit. P(AB) = P(A) x P(B).
accidental relief [112] : a hnh g gh, a
hnh bng tuyt.
a hnh g gh, lm chm c hnh thnh
ni tuyt l hay tuyt tan; Thut ng ny c
th c chuyn dch t ting Php theo thut
ng relief accident.
acclivous [113] : dc, nghing.
accordance [114] : chnh hp, khp u, ph
hp vi nhau.
accordance fold [115] : np un khp u,
np un c cng cc phng ko di, hng
dc khp u nhau.
accordant [116] : thun hng, ph hp,
chnh hp.
Lm cho ph hp hay tng xng, v d i
vi hai dng chy c cng mt b mt cng
mt mc ti v tr hp dng, hoc ni v mt s
np un cng hng v mt phng no .
accordant junction [117] : hp lu.
Ni quy t ca hai dng sui hoc hai thung
lng c b mt cng mc vi v tr m chng
quy t vi nhau. n: concordant junction.
Ngn : discordant junction.
accordant summit level [118] : mc nh ph
hp, mc nh nh nhau.
Mt hay mc gi thuyt hoc b mt c
dc thoi, c tnh khu vc ct vo cc nh ni
hoc nh i cng cao.
accordant summits [119] : cc nh c cng
cao.
nh ni hay nh i pht trin trn mt khu
vc t ti cng mt mc cao nht nh, c
b mt thoi.
accreted terrane [120] : teran bi kt, mnh
bi kt.
n : accretionary terrane.
accreting plate boundary [121] : ranh gii
mng bi kt.
Ranh gii gia hai mng dch chuyn vo
nhau c phn thch quyn kiu i dng mi
bi kt vo ng ghp ni.
accretion [122] : ln dn ln, tng dn ln;
bi kt.
1- (trt) Mt vt th v c c tng trng v
kch thc do qu trnh bi p phn ngoi ca
cc ht trm tch mi.
2- Kt hch.
3- S bi p do gi ca ct trn b mt lp
ct nh s gim tc gi hoc g gh ca
4- S bi p lng sng do tc ng ca sng
hoc qu trnh ngp lt.
5- S tng trng dn ca lc a do tc ng
lu di ca cc qu trnh a cht din ra trong
t nhin.
6- Qu trnh t tp kt dnh ca cc ht bi,
kh trong v tr hnh thnh cc vt th, hoc
hot ng hnh tinh.
7. (kt) S bi p ca cc vt liu cung o
hoc vi lc a vo lc a do cc chuyn ng
hi t v chuyn dng t qu trnh va chm v
ghp ni. n:tetonic accretion- bi kt kin to.
accretion ridge [123] : ng g bi kt.
ng g c bi p, nng cao, thng
c ni ln bi cc n ct.
accretion ripple mark [124] : vt gn sng
tng trng.
Du vt gn sng lch c dc thoi v
cong v pha khut vi gc dc cc i nh hn
gc ta v gm cc lp xin khng r chn
lc ca cc ht trm tch.
accretion topography [125] : a hnh bi t.
Cnh quan t nhin hnh thnh do qu trnh
tch t trm tch.
accretionary [126] : ln dn, tng dn.
1- Xu hng tng trng do tch t hoc bi
p b ngoi.
2- Cng c th hiu l mt kiu cu to trm
tch th sinh, hnh thnh do s tng trng
nhanh chng trn c s cc vt th nhn
c trc.
3- vi thnh to ti ch t s tch t chm
chp ca cc di tch sinh vt.
accretionary lapilli [127] : cui ni la tng
trng, lapilli tng trng.
Khi tro hnh cu c ng knh ch yu t
1mm n 10mm, c thnh to do phn bao
xung quanh nhn t ln dn ln. V d cc ht
ma ri qua m my tro ni la.
accretionary lava ball [128] : cu lava
tng trng.
Khi hnh cu c ng knh t vi cm n
vi mt, hnh thnh trn b mt dng dung nham
hoc trn sn nn x do s bao bc ca lava
nht xung quanh lava va mi cng rn.
accretionary terrane [129] : teran bi kt,
mnh bi kt.
Mt khi ngoi lai ca vt cht lc a hoc
i dng gn vo phn ra ca mt craton do
ng v va p. n : accreted terrane.
6
 accumulation [130] : s tch ly, tch t,
lng ng.
S tch t trn b mt lc a hoc di y
cc bn, sng nhng vt liu trm tch, vt cht
hu c,...
accumulation area [131] : min tch t.
Phn thp ca b mt Tri t, c ngun gc
tch t trn cnh h st, np lm, thung lng
hoc trn cc thung lng sng, thung lng
khp kn,...
accumulation coastal [132] : tch t ven bin.
Qu trnh tch t ven bin di tc ng ca
sng v dng chy.
accumulation haloes [133] : cc vnh tch t.
accumulation mountain [134] : ni tch t.
accumulation season [135] : ma tch t, ma
tp trung.
accumulation submarine [136] : tch t ngm
di y bin.
Qu trnh tch t trm tch bi cc tc nhn
ngoi sinh bin v i dng.
accumulation zone [137] : i tch t.
1- i tch t.
2- Mt vng hoc mt i vng sa mc
khng c ct m ch c t xp.
3- Thut ng c s dng Kazacxtan
ch nhng i ni nh c nh bng phng.
4- Thut ng c s dng Trung ch
nhng ni thp, i nh, sn thoi b xm thc.
n: zone of accumulation.
accumulative rock [138] : tch t.
hnh thnh do qu trnh tch t trm tch.
accuracy [139] : chnh xc.
Mc m cc kt qu tnh ton hoc c
dng c o gn vi gi tr thc ca i lng
cn tnh hoc c o v khng c sai s.
accuracy contouring [140] :
chnh xc, tnh chnh xc khi thnh lp
cc bn ng ng tr (a ho, a vt l, thnh phn SiO2 cao, nh loi giu Ab l albit
a hnh,...).
acetamide [141] : acetamid.
Khong vt h ba phng: CH3CONH2.
acetolysis [142] : phn tch bng axeto.
Phn tch mt phn t hu c bng tc dng
ca acid axetic hoc andehyt axetic.
ACF diagram [143] : biu ACF.
Biu tam gic th hin c im thnh
phn c n gin ha ca bin cht v cc
khong vt bi th s lng phn t ca 3
thnh phn : A=Al2O3+Fe2O3-(Na2O+K2O);
C=CaO-3,3P2O5 v F=FeO+MgO+MnO. A+C+F
(phn t) c tnh chuyn v 100%, tha nhn
s c mt d tha ca SiO2.
achlamydate [144] : khng o (cs).
Mt loi Chn bng khng c lp o
thn mm.
achoanitic [145] : khng c vch (cs).
Tnh trng cc c ca vch ngn mt s
Nautiloidea ch cn du vt hoc khng c.
acicular [146] : hnh kim, dng hnh kim.
1- Tinh th c dng hnh kim.
2- Ht trm tch c chiu di ln hn 3 ln
chiu rng.
acicular ice [147] : bng hnh kim, que.
Bng nc ngt cha nhiu tinh th di v
ng mng c hnh dng khc nhau, sp xp
thnh lp v cha cc bt kh. Loi bng ny
hnh thnh y ca lp bng ti gn mt tip
xc vi nc. n: fibrous ice.
acicular iron ore [148] : qung st dng kim
(gtit).
aciculate [149] : nhn, dng kim (cs).
Dng kim, nhn nh kim, nht l ni v mt
loi v Chn bng tht nhn v pha nh.
acid clay [150] : loi st acid.
Mt loi st sinh ra cc ion hydro trong
huyn ph.
acid mine drainage [151]:tiu nc acid m.
S tho ra khi hm m loi nc c acid
cao, hnh thnh trong qu trnh khai thc do s
oxy ha qung sulfur hay khong vt sulfur xm
tn trong khong sn, to ra acid sulfuric v cc
mui sulfat. Loi nc ny c tnh n mn cao,
lm hi cc thit b k thut v c hi cho sc
khe cng nhn.
acid of water [152] : acid ca nc.
Lng acid biu th bng mili ng lng
ca mt bas mnh trong mt lt nc cn cho
vic chun mt mu mt gi tr no ca
pH.
acid plagioclase [153] : plagioclas acid.
Nhng loi khong vt nhm plagioclas c
hoc oligoclas.
acid rain [154] : ma acid.
Nc ma c acid cao do trong qu trnh
hnh thnh ha tan cc ha cht hoc cht
nhim trong khng kh.
acid soil [155] : t acid, t chua.
t c pH<7 do s c mt ca cc ion
hydro v nhm trao i c.
acid treatment [156] : x l acid.
X : acidization.
acidity coefficient [157] : h s acid.
T s hm lng oxy ca cc bas trong
trn hm lng oxy trong oxid silic.
n: oxygen ratio.
acidization [158] : acid ha.
7
 Phng php lm tng cha nc (hay
du) v tnh thm ca carbonat (hay cc
khc c khe nt b lp y bi nhng khong
vt carbonat) bng cch p dung dch acid vo
ha tan cc vt cht lp nht, m rng kch
thc cc khe nt v l hng trong , to iu
kin thun li cho s tng tr v lu thng ca
nc (du). Phng php ny cng c dng
ph lp v bn bm thnh ging do s dng
dung dch trong qu trnh khoan, lm tng lng
nc (du) chy vo ging. n: acid treatment.
acline A twin law [159] : lut song tinh
aclin-A.
n: Manebach-Ala twin law.
acline B twin law [160] : lut song tinh
aclin-B.
Lut song tinh trong feldspar c mt song
tinh song song vi trc song tinh b v mt ghp
(100). Ss: Carlsbad twin law.
acme [161] : giai on cc thnh (cs).
Giai on phong ph nht trong pht sinh
huyt thng ca mt loi, ging hay taxon.
acme zone [162] : i cc thnh (cs).
Mt sinh i th hin s pht trin ti a,
thng l s phong ph cc i hoc thng
xuyn c mt mt vi loi, ging hay taxon
khc. Taxon pht trin nht c t tn cho
i, v d i cc thnh Didymograptus. n v
thi a cht tng ng l "hemera".
n: abundance zone, epibole, flood zone,
peak zone.
acmite [163] : acmit.
Khong vt mu nu hoc xanh ca nhm
pyroxen n nghing: Na.Fe (SiO3)2, c trong
magma giu kim. n: aegirine.
acmite augite [164] : augit-acmit.
Khong vt trung gian gia augit v acmit, l
mt dng ca augit giu natri v st.
n: aegirine-augite.
acolpate [165] : khng rnh (cs).
Cc ht phn hoa khng c rnh.
acoustic basement [166] : mng m hc.
Ch yu l mt phn x a chn su hoc
mt phn x a chn km lin tc, thng "
m hc khng tng thch". Nng lng a
chn tr li t di mng m hc rt yu hoc
khng c na.
acoustic emission [167] : bc x m thanh.
X: Kaiser effect.
acoustic impedence [168] : tr khng
m thanh.
acoustic log [169] : bng carota m hc.
Thut ng dng trong carota l khoan, trn
th hin kt qu ca mt s php o sng m
ca trong ct a tng l khoan, v d sng
nn c truyn trong mt thi khong hoc
bin tng i.
acoustic wave [170] : sng m.
Mt loi sng dc (P) c s dng hn ch
i vi cc dung dch nh khng kh, trong mi
trng rn, nc ca Tri t.
acre [171] : mu Anh, mu Hoa K.
n v din tch Anh hay Hoa K bng
0,404658 hecta (ha) hay 43560 fit vung.
acreage [172] : din tch (tnh theo mu Anh).
acritarch [173] : To n ngun
(Arcritarcha) (cs).
Mt c th vi sinh vt n bo c v bn
chc khng r ngun gc hoc khng bit chc
chn quan h sinh hc v c nt hoa vn thay
i, mt s c gai, s khc li nhn. a s cho
rng Acritarcha ging to, nhng s phn nhm
li nhn to. Chng phn b t Tin Cambri n
Holocen, nhng c bit phong ph vo Tin
Cambri v Paleozoi sm.
acrodont [174] : c rng nhn (cs).
Ni v rng ca ng vt c xng sng gn
trn mp khp vo nhau ca hm trn v
hm di.
acrolamella [175] : tm nhn (cs).
on m rng hnh l ca nhng i bo t.
n: acrolamellae.
acrolobe [176] : thy nhn (cs).
on gia ca khin u hoc khin ui B
ba thy thuc b Agnostida, m khng cn
du vt rnh trc.
acrotetracean [177] : Acrotetracea (cs).
Tay cun thuc mt lin h c cc i biu
c trng bi mnh bng c hnh nn hoc gn
nn v t khi phng.
actinal [178] : pha ming (cs).
Hng ca ming, v d thuc v pha di
hay pha ming ca v Cu gai hoc v pha i
hay phin cha ming ca Hu bin.
actinium [179] : actini, k hiu l Ac.
Nguyn t phng x c s nguyn t 89;
ng v bn vng nht l Ac227 vi chu k bn r
l 21,7 nm; nguyn t c ha tr 3, ch yu
dng trong cn bng vi cc sn phm phn r
nh ngun tia alpha v dng sn xut
cc ntron.
actinium decay series [180] : cc dy phn
r actini.
Dy cc sn phm phn r phng x bt u
bng U235.
actinium emanation [181] : x kh actini.
actinium series [182] : dy actini.
Nhm cc nguyn t ha hc c s th t t
8
89 n 103.
actinodont [183] : Rng tia (cs).
Ni v b rng ca mt s Thn mm hai
mnh c cu trc hnh tia ta t nh ra.
actinolite [184] : actinolit.
Khong vt h n nghing, mu xanh lc
sng hoc xanh-xm nht ca nhm amphibol:
Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2, c th cha mangan.
Actinolit l mt dng ca asbest, tinh th ko
di, dng si, kim, ta tia hoc dng ct trong
bin cht v trong magma bin i.
actinometer [185] : x quang k.
Dng c o cng nng lng bc x.
actinopod [186] : Actinopoda (cs).
ng vt nguyn sinh thuc mt lp, c
trng bng s m rng cht nguyn sinh kiu
ta tia t c th chnh hnh cu.
actinosiphonate [187] : c siphon cu to ta
tia (cs).
Cu trc siphon trong mt s Chn u
Nautiloidea, gm cc tm dc xp ta tia.
activation [188] : hot ha; hot tnh.
1. Chu trnh lm cho vt cht tr thnh cht
phng x bng cch bn nhng ht nhn vo n.
2. (hh) Qu trnh x l st (v d nh
bentonit) vi acid nng cao tnh cht hp th
hoc kh nng ty trng ca chng khi dng
kh mu trong du m.
activation analysis [189] : php phn tch
hot ha.
Phng php ng nht cc ng v bn vng
ca cc nguyn t trong mu bng cch chiu
ln mu cc ntron, ht tch in, hoc tia
gamma to cho cc nguyn t hot tnh
phng x, sau cc nguyn t s c xc
nh bi c trng phng x ca chng.
n: radioactivity analysis.
activation energy [190] : nng lng hot
ha.
Mt lng ln nng lng m mt ht bt k
hoc mt nhm ht phi c khi chuyn t trng
thi nng lng ny sang mt trng thi nng
lng khc, ging nh s chuyn i trong pha
v chuyn ng ca cc ht trong qu trnh
khuch tn. Nng lng cng ln th mc
chng li s bin i cng cao hay cn gi l
ngng th nng.
activation radioactivity [191] : hot ha
phng x.
Qu trnh vt th b hot ha phng x do
c bn bng cc ht nguyn t. Hot tnh
phng x c sinh ra nh vy cn c gi l
hot tnh phng x cm ng.
active channel [192] : knh hot ng.
Knh dn trn qut bi tch trong c dng
nc chy.
active earth pressure [193] : p lc t ch
ng (cctr).
p lc t ch ng, cng vi p lc t b
ng v p lc t trng thi ngh, l mt
trong ba dng p lc bn ca t. p lc t
trng thi ngh tn ti khi t cha b bin dng
do theo chiu ngang. p lc ch ng v b
ng l nhng iu kin ti hn, th hin trng
thi cn bng do khi mt phn hoc ton b
khi t sp sa b ph hy. Trng thi ng sut
ch ng xy ra khi t b ko cng theo chiu
ngang, th d khi tng chn chuyn dch khi
khi t lp. Trng thi ng sut b ng xy ra
khi t b nn theo chiu ngang, th d khi tng
chn chuyn dch v pha khi t lp. Bin
dng do cn thit t ti trng thi b ng
ln hn nhiu so vi trng thi ch ng.
active fault [194] : t gy hot ng.
t gy m dc theo cn ang c cc
chuyn ng vi nhng biu hin dch chuyn
hoc hot ng a chn.
active layer [195] : lp t ng.
1-(cctr) Lp t trn mt thay i th tch
theo ma, n ra khi ng bng hay ngm nc
v co li khi bng tan hay mt nc.
2-Trong vng ng bng vnh cu, lp t b
mt nm trn lp bng vnh cu, b ng bng
v ma ng v tan bng v ma h, chiu dy
thay i t vi cm n vi m.
active margin [196] : ra ng.
Ra lc a c trng bi hot ng magma,
ng t hoc cc dy ni b nng tri.
n: convergent plate boundary.
active method [197] : phng php ch ng.
Mt phng php a chn s dng tn hiu
mu nhn to.
active remote sensing [198] : cm bin ch
ng t xa, vin thm ch ng.
Phng php cm bin truyn ngun bc x
in t. V d nh rada.
active subsidence [199] : ln ch ng, tch
cc (cctr).
1- Qu trnh ln ang xy ra ti thi im
hin ti.
2- Ln c gy ra mt cch ch ng
y nhanh qu trnh n nh nn t v
cng trnh.
active support [200] : tr lc tch cc, ch
ng (cctr).
Bin php tr lc d tnh trc trn c s
theo di cht ch tc thi ng thi ca t
vy quanh cng trnh (hm, l, v.v.), tin hnh
9
lp dng tr lc ng lc, va , tn dng c
kh nng t chng , iu chnh ca t khi
trng thi ng sut trong chng thay i do khai
o gy ra.
active volcano [201] : ni la hot ng.
1- Ni la phun lin tc hoc c chu k vt
cht t trong lng t ln mt t qua ming ni
la. Vt cht a ln t lng t c th l lava,
hi nc, vn , tro bi, kh nng, v.v.
2- Ni la ang phun hay ngng phun
nhng s phun trong tng lai. Khng c khi
nim r rng gia ni la ng vi ni la ang
nm im.
active water [202] : nc n mn.
Nc c kh nng n mn cc vt cht tip
xc vi n. n: aggressive water.
activity [203] : hot tnh (ha).
1- T s gia ph du ca vt cht trong
mt trng thi cho v ph du ca n
trng thi chun gi l fo. Tnh ph du trng thi
chun l s hp nht gia nc v hi; t vi
cht rn hoc lng. N c nh gi mi
nhit nh ph du ca mt vt cht thun
khit ti p sut 1 atmotsphe.
2- Xu hng phn ng vi mt cht khc mt
cch t pht, mnh m.
3- Trong phng x, t s phn hy phng x
ca mt cht c o bng nguyn t.
activity coefficient [204] : h s hot ha.
T s gia hot tnh ha hc v nng .
activity index [205] : ch s hot ng, ch s
hu hiu.
T l thay i cao ca h cn bng sng
bng c o vng ln cn ng cn bng.
Gi tr thp, ch s di chuyn chm chp hoc
rt nh, thng c o bng n v mm/nm.
actual age [206] : tui thc.
Cn gi l tui tuyt i. n: absolute age.
actualism [207] : hin ti lun.
Khi nim cho rng nhng qu trnh xy ra
trc kia c th suy lun t nhng s kin ang
din ra hin ti.
actuopaleontology [208]: c sinh hc hin ti.
S nghin cu c sinh mt vng hin ti
vi mc ch tm hiu n s nh th no v sau
ny, sau khi b chn vi v tr thnh ha thch.
acute bisectrix [209] : phn gic nhn.
Trong tinh th hai trc, gc nhn to thnh
gia hai trc quang. Ss: obtuse bisectrix.
adamantine luster [210] : nh kim cng.
nh lp lnh c trng cho khong vt c
chit sut cao, nh kim cng v cerusit.
adamantine spar [211] : adamantin spat.
Corindon mu nu, nh long lanh.
Adamic earth [212] : t Adam.
Khi nim c dng ch v st ni
chung, nhng c lin quan ti vt liu to ra
Adam (con ngi xut hin u tin trn Tri
t); mt loi st mu .
adamite [213] : adamit.
Khong vt h thoi, khng mu, trng hoc
vng: Zn2(AsO4)(OH), ng hnh vi paradamit.
adapertural [214] : gn l ming, pha
ming (cs).
Nhng b phn nm gn l ming hoc v
pha ming Chn bng v Chn u.
adapical [215] : gn nh, pha nh (cs).
Nhng b phn gn hoc nm v pha nh
Chn bng v Chn u; v pha h nh
Cu gai.
adaptation [216] : thch ng, thch nghi.
S ci bin ca mt sinh vt do kt qu ca
s la chn t nhin thch ng vi cc iu
kin thay i mi trng mi.
adaptive filter [217] : lc t chnh, t
thch nghi.
Cc s liu o c trong a cht (a vt l,
a ha,...) l tn hiu tng cng ca nhiu thng
tin khc nhau. tch v lm ni cc thng tin
quan tm, ngi ta dng b lc t iu chnh
pht hin cc i tng a cht c dng ko di
theo mt hng. B lc t iu chnh da trn t
s nng lng gia tn hiu v nhiu thc
hin nhim v nu trn.
adaptive norm [218]:in hnh thch nghi(cs).
B phn qun th sinh vt c th sng st v
sinh sn trong mi trng thng c chim
lnh bi mt loi, phn khc cn li c th mang
nhng "khim khuyt" di truyn v bnh tt.
adaptive radiation [219]:lan ta thch nghi
(cs).
S chia nh mt nhm sinh vt thnh nhiu
nhm khc bit trong mt khong thi gian a
cht ngn thch nghi vi nhng t sinh thi
khc nhau coi nh l taxon mi.
adaptive zone [220] : i thch nghi (cs).
Mt n v mi trng c xc nh bng
s chim lnh ca mt loi sinh vt n l.
adaxial [221] : trn trc, pha trc (cs).
Nhng b phn nm trn trc, cng pha,
hoc hng v trc ng vt khng xng
sng v thc vt.
addition [222] : cht thm, cht ph gia.
addition content haloes [223] : vnh tng
hm lng.
Vnh hm lng c tnh bng cch cng
hm lng cc nguyn t trong nhm sau khi
tr gi tr nn, cng trong iu kin nh p dng
10
cho vnh tch.
additive [224] : ph gia.
adductor muscle [225] : c khp, c ng,
c co (cs).
Mt c, mt i c hoc mt nhm c c tc
dng co li khp hai mnh v v gi cho
chng khp cht vi nhau Hai mnh, Tay cun
v Ostracoda, hoc Gnatostoma (Ming hm)
c tc dng co cho hai hm khp li.
adductor muscle scar [226] : vt bm c
khp, vt bm c co (cs).
Vt bm ca c, ni c gn vi mnh v
Hai mnh, Tay cun v Ostracoda.
adelite [227] : adelit.
Khong vt: CaMg(OH)AsO4, i khi cha
fluorin.
adhesion [228] : dnh bm (cctr).
Sc khng ct gia t v cc vt liu khc
nh thp, b tng,... khi khng c p lc
tc dng.
adhesion ripple [229] : nh sng lin kt.
Mt nh gn ct nm gia mt lot nh gn
song song, thnh to ct ngang hng gi thi
ct kh trn mt b mt m t. Theo mt ct
ngang, cc gn sng khng i xng vi mt
hng gi dc hn mt khut gi.
adhesive [230] : c kh nng bm dnh, c
tnh bm dnh.
adhesive water [231] : nc mng mng.
Nc bao quanh cc ht t do lc ht
phn t dnh bm cht vo ht, khng th dch
chuyn di tc ng ca trng lc.
n: pellicular water; funicular water;
pendular water; attached water.
adiagnostic [232] : n tinh.
adinole [233] : adinol.
Mt loi trm tch giu st b albit ha do
qu trnh bin cht tip xc dc theo ra ca
xm nhp mafic giu natri.
adit [234] : l ngang, l bng.
adit cut mining [235] : khai thc bng l
bng.
adjusted steam [236] : dng iu ha, dng
thun hng.
Sng ngi chy gn nh song song vi
phng ca lp nm di.
adjustment [237] : iu chnh, chnh l.
Trong x l s liu a cht, cc tham s ca
cc b lc cn c iu chnh nhiu ln cho
thch hp vi s liu a vo t c hiu
qu cao nht.
adjustment of cross section [238] : iu
chnh trc din ngang.
S iu chnh trc din ngang ca con sng
hay sng bng cho lng nc chy qua.
adjustor muscle [239] : c iu chnh (cs).
Mt hay hai i c Tay cun c khp phn
nhnh t cung bm, c chc nng dch chuyn
v tr ca v trn cung bm.
administration cost [240] : chi ph hnh
chnh, chi ph qun l.
admission [241] : chp nhn.
admittance [242] : dn np.
admixture [243] : trn ln, ph gia.
1- Khi nim dng ch mt trong cc cp
ht trm tch nh hn hoc ph tr.
2- Mt loi vt liu ph gia c b sung vo
mt loi vt liu khc c c sn phm
nh .
3- Dng trong a k thut ci thin cc
c tnh c l ca t. Mt s ph gia ph bin
gm: nha ng, vi, xi mng.
admontite [244] : admontit.
Khong vt: Mg2O2B2O3.15H2O.
adobe [245] : adobe.
1- Loi ht mn, thng cha vi, st nung
cng hn hp vi bt to nn cc va mng
cc phn gia v phn thp hn ca cc bn
trm tch sa mc. c th l mt loi phong
thnh, mc d n thng c ti trm tch do
nc chy.
2- Loi t st c ngun gc t cc adobe.
Ss: loess.
adobe flat [246] : ng bng adobe.
ng bng hp, hnh thnh do s lng ng
ca st cha ct ht mn, c cc dng sui
tm thi a ti.
adolescent [247] : thi k nin thiu.
Thi k nin thiu ca chu k xm thc, khi
mt thung lng sng mi c t lng.
adoral [248] : gn ming, pha ming (cs).
Nhng b phn nm gn hoc v pha ming
ng vt khng xng sng.
adradial [249] : xen chn mt, hng trc;
phin hng trc, dy xng hng trc (cs).
1- V tr tng ng vi ranh gii gia vng
chn mt v vng xen chn mt ca Cu gai
hoc Sao bin c nh; hng v trc ca cnh
sao Asterozoa; Thuc tia cp ba ca ng vt
Rut khoang.
2- Phin nh sp thnh dy chn mt trong
mt s Sao bin c nh; Dy xng nh trn b
mt i ming ca cnh Sao bin.
adradial suture [250] : ng khu hng
trc (cs).
ng ni gia phin chn mt ming v
phin xen chn mt Cu gai v Sao bin c
nh.
11
 adret [251] : sn pha nam.
Sn ni hng v pha nam, nhn c
nhiu nh sng Mt tri.
adsorbed ions [252] : cc ion b hp ph.
adsorbed water [253] : nc hp ph.
Nc lin kt bng cc lp phn t hay ion
trn b mt ca cc ht t hay khong vt.
adsorption [254] : hp ph.
S dnh bm cht cc nguyn t hay ion ca
nhng cht ha tan trong dung dch ln b mt
vt th rn tip xc vi chng do tc ng ca
lc ht phn t.
adsorption analysis [255] : phn tch hp ph.
adularia [256] : adularia.
Khong vt thnh to nhit trung bnh
n nhit thp ca nhm feldspar kim:
KAlSi3O8 thuc h ba nghing (trc y cho l
thuc h n nghing) v in hnh l pht trin
hon chnh, trong, khng mu n mu trng
sa, tinh th gi h thoi trong phin kt tinh
nh vng Swiss Alps. Adularia phn chiu
long lanh v mu thay i c bit di hai
nicol vung gc ca knh hin vi. Khong vt
in hnh cha hm lng bari cao.
advance [257] : tng ln, tin dn, vt.
(m) ng b bin tip tc dch chuyn ra
bin do s nhn chm hay thoi dn hoc dch
chuyn ra bin trong mt khong thi gian nht
nh.
advanced dune [258] : cn ct th cp.
Cn ct c hnh thnh pha hng gi ca
mt cn ct khc ln hn, cch bit nhau bi
chuyn ng xoy ca gi.
advection [259] : dng ngang, hin tng
bnh lu.
1- Trong thin vn hc : Chuyn ng ngang
ca khng kh.
2- Trong hi dng hc : Dng chy ca
nc bin, c th chy ngang hoc chy dc.
3- (sk) S vn chuyn cc dung dch nhit
dch qua cc thm c.
4- (kt) Vn ng khi ngang ca vt cht
manti.
adventitious lobe [260] : thy ph (cs).
Thy th yu ng khu ca
Ammonoidea, to ra bi s chia nh yn bn
u tin, cng l tt c nhng thy pht trin sau
t thy ph.
adventitious stream [261] : dng bt nh.
Dng sui c hnh thnh nhng vng c
cc iu kin thay i t bin tin ti s n
nh ca a hnh.
advolute [262] : chm vng (cs).
Mt kiu v ca Chn bng c vng cun
va vn chm nhau m khng nm ph mt
phn ln nhau, hoc ca Chn u c vng cun
chm nhau m khng m mt phn ca nhau.
adyr [263] : ni n l, ni trc.
Thut ng c s dng Turkmenia ch
nhng ni thp trc ni hay nhng nh cao
c lp, c hnh thnh trong cc thung lng
gia ni hoc trong ni, hoc vng trc ni,
c tui tr hn nhng dy ni bn cnh. Chng
xut hin nh kt qu bin dng v hot ng
nng ca cc vt gu c trc ni.
AE [264] : AE (t).
Ch vit tt ca lin i (aeon), ni n lin
i hoc 1 t nm.
aegirine [265] : aegirin.
Thnh thong thut ng ny dng cho acmit
cha calci, magnesi hoc alumin. n: aegirite.
Aegirine augite [266] : aegirin-augit.
X: acmite-augite.
aegirite [267] : aegirit.
X: aegirine.
aenigmatite [268] : aenigmatit.
Khong vt: Na2Fe5TiSi6O20. n: enigmatite.
aeolian deposit [269] : trm tch gi.
Trm tch c ngun gc do gi nh cc n
ct hoc t hong th.
aeon [270] : lin i, eon (t).
X: eon.
aerated porosity [271] : rng thong kh.
T l gia th tch cc l rng cha khng
kh vi tng th tch ca t .
aeration [272] : thng kh, sc kh.
1- S b sung khng kh vo nc lm
tng lng xy ha tan trong chng.
2- S a khng kh hoc cc kh khc vo
cc l hng ca t lm tng thong
kh ca chng.
aeration aerate [273] : lm ti t, lm
thong kh cho t (cctr).
aeration porosity [274] : rng p thp.
Th tch ca cc l hng khng cha nc
mt p sut hi nc c bit thp.
aerial [275] : khng kh.
aerial magnetometer [276]:t k hng khng.
n: airborne magnetometer.
aerial mapping [277] : lp bn khng nh.
Lp cc khng nh phc v cho vic o v
bn a cht.
aerial photograph [278] : khng nh, nh
hng khng.
nh b mt Tri t c chp t trn
khng. Thng thng, my bay bay mt
cao nht nh, theo mt h thng tuyn vi mc
ch ghp nh o v bn t ai, a hnh,
12
a cht, v.v. n: air photograph.
aerial survey [279] : nghin cu khng nh.
S dng khng nh nghin cu khoa hc.
aeromagnetic survey [280] : o v t
hng khng.
o v t trng bng my o t chuyn
dng t trn my bay.
aerophoto [281] : chp nh hng khng.
aerosol [282] : sol kh.
Huyn ph kh ca cc ht rt nh ca cht
lng hoc cht rn.
aerospace [283] : kh quyn v tr.
Thut ng ghp gm aero v space ch c
hai : kh quyn ca Tri t v ngoi khng gian
v tr.
aerospace science [284] : khoa hc vin thm.
Thu nhn thng tin t xa, khng tip xc b
mt vt l vi i tng. n: remote sensing.
aerugite [285] : aerugit.
Khong vt: Ni9As3O16.
aeschynite [286] : aeschynit.
Khong vt: (Ce,Ca,Fe,Th)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6,
ng hnh vi priorit. n: eshynite.
Aeschynite (Y) [287] : aeschynit (Y).
Khong vt h thoi:
(Y,Ca,Fe,Th)(Ti,Nb)2 (O,OH)2, cng lot vi
aeschynit v tantalaeschynit.
Affine transformation [288] : bin i Affin.
Bin i ng nht, trong ng thng
bin thnh ng thng sau khi bin i. Bin
i afin l mt bin i ton hc, trong ta
ca phn b bin i quan h vi phn cha
bin i theo quan h tuyn tnh. Nhng bin
i nh th m t cc bin dng ng nht.
affinity [289]: i lc, gn gi huyt thng (cs).
1- S ging nhau v cu trc, c im,
quan h.
2- (cs) Tnh trng cng huyt thng trong
sinh vt, dng ch quan h thn thuc khng
c tnh ng nht r rng. Vit tt: aff.
affluent [290] : sng nhnh, chi lu.
S hi nhp dng chy, sng chy vo sng
khc ln hn hoc chy vo h. Sng ln hn
phn thnh cc nhnh nh.
afflux [291] : nc dng.
S dng mc nc do vt cn hoc do thu
hp lng sui pha thng lu.
afghanite [292] : afghanit.
Khong vt:
(Na,Ca,K)12(Si,Al)16O34(Cl,SO4,CO3)4.H2O.
AFM diagram [293] : biu AFM.
Biu tam gic th hin c im thnh
phn c n gin ha ca pelit b bin cht , v d the rock of Miocene age- tui
di dng th s lng phn t ca 3 thnh
phn : A=Al2O3, F=FeO, M=MgO.
AFM projection [294] : hnh chiu AFM.
Biu tam gic th hin tng quan phn t
to nn bi php chiu thnh phn ca nhng
khong vt pelit bin cht trong mt t din
Al2O3(=A), FeO (=F), MgO (=M), K2O (t
nhng thnh phn ca muscovit hoc feldspar K
nm pha trn mt phng AFM). J.B. Thompson
xut vo nm 1957 v ngy nay c s dng
rng ri trong vic nghin cu phin pelit
v gneis.
A form [295] : dng A (cs).
Dng th cu ln ca Trng l.
afwillite [296] : afwilit.
Khong vt: Ca3Si2O4 (OH)6.
agalite [297] : agalit.
Talc dng si nh, gi hnh theo enstatit.
n: asbestine.
agardite [298] : agardit.
Khong vt h su phng:
(Y,Ca)Cu6(As O4)3(OH)63H2O.
Agardite (La) [299] : agardit (La).
Khong vt trong nguyn t t him La
chim u th:
(RE,Ca)2Cu12(AsO4)6(OH)12. 6H2O.
agate [300] : agat, m no.
Loi n tinh trong m ca thch anh, cng
dng vi chalcedon, trn ln hoc kt hp xen
k vi opal, v c trng c dng di, dng m
my hoc dng ru. Agat c tt c cc mu
nhng mu thng gam thp. Agat thng
xut hin trong hc ca phun tro v cc loi
khc.
agate opal [301] : agat opal.
Agat opal ha. Ss: opal-agate.
agatized wood [302] : g silic ha, g
agat ha.
X: wood agat. n: silicified wood.
age [303] : k, thi k, tui.
1- K, l phn v a thi (a nin i) chnh
thc cp thp, thp hn Th (epoch).
2- Thi k, thut ng c s dng khng
chnh thc cho khong thi gian a cht hnh
thnh cc loi ca mt phn v a tng; s
phn chia thi gian trong lch s Tri t, c
trng bi loi sinh vt sng i din tri hoc
chim u th, v d age of mammals - thi k
ng vt c v; bi mt s kin hoc mt lot
cc s kin a cht c th xy ra hoc nh
du nhng iu kin t nhin ring bit, v d
ice age - thi k bng h.
3- Tui, mt khong thi gian a cht no
Miocen. X: geologic age.
13
 age determination [304] : xc nh tui.
1- Phng php xc nh tui tng i gm
phng php a tng; phng php c a l
tng ; phng php thch hc; phng php
c sinh; phng php a vt l,... trn nguyn
tc lin h v thnh phn thch hc, tng ,
c sinh hay tnh cht vt l vi cc tng ln
cn bit tui.
2- Phng php xc nh tui tuyt i da
trn nguyn tc xc nh thi gian phn hy
nguyn t phng x cha trong .
age equation [305] : phng trnh tnh tui.
S tng quan gia s phn r phng x v
thi gian a cht c biu th bng phng
trnh: t=1/ln(1+D/P), trong : t l tui ca
mu, D l s ng v con hin ti, P l s ng
v m, l hng s phn r.
age of amphibians [306] : thi k ng vt
Lng c (t).
Tn khng chnh thc ca phn i Paleozoi
mun, tc l Carbon v Permi.
age of coal [307] : thi k thnh to Than (t).
Tn gi khng chnh thc ca k Carbon.
n: coal age, anthracolite.
age of cycads [308] : thi k Tu (t).
Tn gi khng chnh thc ca h Jura.
age of ferns [309] : thi k Dng x (t).
Tn gi khng chnh thc ca k
Pennsylvani, gn tng ng vi Carbon mun.
age of fishes [310] : thi k C (t).
Tn gi khng chnh thc ca cc k Silur v
k Devon.
age of ground water [311] : tui ca nc
di t.
Thi gian tn ti ca nc trong cha k
t khi nc c hnh thnh. Tui ca nc c
th bng hoc t hn tui ca cha.
age of gymnosperms [312] : thi k thc vt
Ht trn (t).
Tn gi khng chnh thc ca i Mesozoi.
age of mammals [313] : thi k ng vt
c v (t).
Tn gi khng chnh thc ca gii Kainozoi.
age of man [314] : thi k Con ngi (t).
Tn gi khng chnh thc ca k t.
age of marine invertebrates [315] : thi k
ng vt khng xng sng bin (t).
Tn gi khng chnh thc ca h Cambri v
Ordovic.
age of relief [316] : tui a hnh.
Khong thi gian xy ra t khi a hnh c
bt u thnh to.
age of reptiles [317] : thi k B st (t).
Tn gi khng chnh thc ca gii Mesozoi.
n: reptilian age.
age of the Earth [318] : tui ca Tri t.
Khong thi gian Tri t tn ti cho n
hin ti. Tui Tri t l 4,5 t nm, c xc
nh bng cc phng php ng v urani-ch,
rubidi-stronti trn cc thin thch. Cc trn
Tri t c nht o c khong 3,5 t nm.
age of the Moon [319] : tui ca Mt trng.
age of the Universe [320] : tui ca V tr.
Mt s nh khoa hc c tnh l 10-15
t nm.
age of water [321] : tui ca nc.
Thi gian k t khi mt khi nc hnh thnh
n khi tip xc vi lp kh quyn ca b mt
i dng.
age ratio [322] : t s tui.
T s ca ng v con trn ng v m, l
c s lp phng trnh tui. tnh tui theo
phng trnh tui c gi tr tin cy, yu cu h
thng ng v phi c khp kn t khi
cng rn, hoc bin cht, hoc trm tch, phi
bit hng s phn r v mu phi i din
cho .
age spectrum [323] : ph tui.
Phng php xc nh tui bng o phng
x, cc sn phm con l cht kh (argon-
40/argon-39 l phng php nh tui, xenon-
xenon l phng php ph tui), c th chit
cht kh t mu mt cch d dng v tnh tui
biu kin ca mi phn ca cht kh thot ra.
Agenda 21 [324] : chng trnh ngh s 21.
Vn kin c thng qua ti Hi ngh Lin
hip quc v mi trng v pht trin Rio de
Zaneiro thng 6/1992 vi ni dung : ra nhng
hnh ng trong th k 21 nhm gim i
ngho, bnh tt, m ch trn ton th gii, ng
thi ngn chn s suy thoi mi trng.
agglomerate [325] : aglomerat, kt tuf,
dm kt ni la.
Khi nim c s dng ch mt hp to
hn tp ca vt liu vn ni la kch thc ln
dng gc cnh.
agglutinate [326] : aglutinat.
Vt liu ni la gm x, bom, cui v tro kt
cht ch vi nhau bng thy tinh ni la, lp y
hng ni la hoc phn bn trong cc nn x.
agglutinated [327] : gn kt, kt dnh.
V ca mt s loi sinh vt nguyn thy
(mt s loi Trng l, Thecamoebians v
Tintinnids) cha cc ht c thnh phn ngoi lai
(cc ht ct, vy mica,...), c xi mng gn kt
li vi nhau.
agglutination [328] : gn kt.
n : cementation (gn kt), nhng c bit
lin quan ti cc trm tch ht th nh dm
14
kt, cui kt, v.v.
aggradation [329] : bi p, bi t, t bi t,
ph sa.
1-(m) S bi t lng sng duy tr tnh n
nh ca dc.
2-(t) S bi t thm ca b bin.
X: encroachment (t).
aggradation recrystallization [330] : tp hp
ti kt tinh.
Ti kt tinh thnh tp hp tinh th ln.
Ngn: degradation recrystallization.
aggradational plain [331] : ng bng bi t.
ng bng bi t chn ni, trng ging
hnh r qut-nn phng vt.
aggrade [332] : trm tch (ca ht t).
aggraded valley plain [333] : ng bng
thung lng bi t (m).
ng bng bi t aluvi hoc ng bng
thnh to vng thp, thng c sng bi p
vt liu aluvi, c dy ln hn dy ca
aluvi trong lng sng.
aggrading stream [334] : dng bi tch.
Mt lng sng (sui) c bi p mnh do
s cung cp vt liu ln hn kh nng m n c
th vn chuyn i.
aggregate [335] : ct liu, tp hp.
1- Tp hp cc ht khong vt, mnh hoc
hn hp c hai loi thnh khi.
2- Cc vt liu rn nh ct, si, x hoc mnh
vn dng trn ln vi xi mng to
thnh b tng, va, h, v.v.
aggregate polarization [336] : phn cc tp
hp khong vt.
Mt tp hp tinh th ht mn trong lt ct
quan st di hai nicol vung gc ca knh hin
vi phn cc, c mu giao thoa khc nhau ca
cc ht c phng thay i.
aggregate structure [337] : kin trc kt ht.
Mt tp hp ht tinh th vi kch thc
khng u, phn bit c di knh hin vi
phn cc do tinh th tt, sng khc nhau khi
quay bn knh.
aggressive water [338] : nc n mn.
Nc c c tnh ha tan hoc phn hy cc
cht rn khi tip xc vi chng.
aggromerating [339] :
Mt loi than bitum mm i khi b
nung nng.
agitation [340] : khuy trn, khuy ng,
nho trn.
S khuy trn t, lm xo trn t.
agitator [341] : cn khuy trn, dng c nho
trn (cctr).
aglime [342] : aglime.
Vi s dng trong nng nghip.
agmatite [343] : agmatit.
Migmatit dm kt.
agnostid [344] : Agnostida (cs).
B ba thy thuc nhng dng kch thc nh,
c khin u v khin ui gn bng nhau v
ch c hai t khin thn. Tui t Cambri sm
n Ordovic mun.
Agnotozoic [345] : Agnotozoi (t).
n: Proterozoic.
agpaitic [346] : agpaitic.
1- Thut ng ni v s kt tinh trong dung
th qu bo ha kim m oxid alumin khng
hnh thnh silicat alumin.
2- Thut ng ni v loi c h s agpaitic
ln hn 1 (> 1).
agrellite [347] : agrelit.
Khong vt tm thy u tin vng kim
agpaitic bin cht: Na Ca2 Si4 O10 F.
agric horizon [348] : tng th nhng.
Tng t ngay di lp t trng, c hnh
thnh sau qu trnh canh tc lu di, tch t bn
tch (iluvi), bt, st v mn hu c.
agricolite [349] : agricolit.
X: eulytite.
agricultural geology [350] : a cht nng
nghip.
Cc ng dng ca a cht hc p ng cho
nhu cu sn xut nng nghip. V d cc nguyn
liu khong s dng lm phn bn, xc nh v
tr nc ngm, v.v. n: agrogeology.
agricultural lime [351] : vi nng nghip.
Bt vi hoc dolomit bn cho t, nhm
iu chnh acid v kch thch s tng trng
ca cy trng.
agricultural pollution [352] : nhim nng
nghip.
S nhim do cc hot ng canh tc v cht
thi nng nghip gy ra. Ngun nhim bao
gm thuc tr su, phn ha hc, phn ng vt,
xc sc vt, cht thi sau thu hoch, ct bi t
qu trnh bo mn v canh tc, v.v.
agrinierite [353] : agrinierit.
Khong vt h thoi: (K2CaSr)U3O10.4H2O.
agrogeology [354] : a cht nng nghip.
a cht hc ng dng trong nng nghip.
n: agricultural geology.
agrology [355] : nng hc.
Danh t c ch khoa hc nghin cu v t.
aguilarite [356] : aguilarit.
Khong vt: Ag4 SeS.
ahlfeldite [357] : ahlfeldit.
Khong vt : (NiCo)SeO3.2H2O, ng hnh
vi clinochalcomenit v cobaltomenit.
15
 A horizon [358] : tng A.
Lp th nhng trn cng ca phu din t.
Chng c cu to bi cc ph tng sau:
- Ph tng A1 tch t vt cht hu c.
- Ph tng A2 tp trung thch anh v cc
khong vt bn vng do qu trnh ra la st,
khong vt st v nhm.
- Ph tng A3 chuyn tip xung tng B
nm di.
aikinite [359] : aikinit.
1- Khong vt: Pb Cu Bi S3. n: needle ore.
2- Woframit gi hnh sheelit.
air actuated piezometers [360] : ng o p
lc nc (cctr).
ng o p lc nc dng khng kh, mt
thit b cho php o p lc nc mt cch nhanh
chng. p lc nc c cn bng bi p lc
khng kh tc dng ln mn chn. Khi p lc kh
v p lc nc hai pha ca mn chn cn
bng vi nhau, khng kh c th thot ra ngoi
qua mt van.
air drilling [361] : khoan kh.
Khoan xoay s dng khng kh c p lc cao
thay th dung dch khoan thng thng.
air dry [362] : lm kh, phi kh ngoi tri.
air drying [363] : hong kh, phi kh.
Lm kh mt vt liu (chng hn mu t)
trong khng kh. Mu lc c m xp x
vi m khng kh xung quanh.
air fall deposition [364] : tch t dng ri
t do.
Cc mnh vn ngun ni la ri xung nh
ma ro t mt m my ni la.
air heave [365] : s trng n kh.
Qu trnh bin dng do ca trm tch do s
tng trng ca ti kh nm trong chng.
air heave structure [366] : cu to trng
n kh.
Mt kiu cu to trm tch v nhu c th
hnh thnh do s trng n khng kh vi kch
thc c centimet v c trng bi s to vm
t bin ca cc lp mng v pha trn, c nhn
l ct kt dng khi.
air humidity [367] : m khng kh.
Hm lng hi nc trong khng kh.
n: atmospheric humidity.
air lift pumping [368] : bm nn kh (bm
air-lift).
Phng php bm nc th nghim bng thit
b nn kh (p khng kh vo ging di p lc
ln y nc ln).
air photo lineament [369] : cu trc dng
tuyn trn nh hng khng, lineamen nh
hng khng.
Mt i tng dng tuyn bt k pht hin
thy s b trn nh hng khng, c th hin
mt cch lin tc hoc gn nh lin tc, c
chiu di t 10 n 100 km.
air photo linear [370] : cu trc tuyn tnh
trn nh hng khng.
Tng t nh cu trc dng tuyn trn nh
hng khng (air photo lineament), nhng c
chiu di nh hn 10km.
air placed concrete [371] : b tng kh nn
(cctr).
air pollution [372] : nhim khng kh.
S c mt trong kh quyn nhng cht c
hi di dng kh (CO, CO2, SO2, NOx,...) hoc
bi vt gii hn cho php.
air sac [373] : ti kh (cs).
Mt b phn ca ht phn thc vt Ht trn.
Mt ht phn thng c 1-2 ti kh, him khi c
3-6.
air shrinkage [374] : co t nhin.
co ngt th tch mu vt t c khi lm
kh chng nhit trong phng.
air void ration [375] : h s rng.
airblast [376] : n kh (cctr).
N kh cng vi ting n l hai vn
thng gp trong n mn. N kh xut hin ngay
cnh l mn v c th gy h hi cho cc cng
trnh. Xa dn l mn, n kh chuyn thnh ting
n, cng l mt tc ng xu n mi trng.
Cc yu t gp phn gy nn n kh v ting n
c th do np thuc n qu liu, ln thuc n
khng cht, dy chy b h, cc khe nt trong
thng nhau v lp ph nng to nn dng lng
cho khi n. Xung ng lan truyn trong khng
kh ph thuc vo cc iu kin kh quyn nh
nhit , gi v cao .
airborne magnetometer [377] : t k
hng khng.
Thit b o trng t ca Tri t t trn
my bay.
airborne profile recorder [378] : my o
cao bay.
Thit b in t pht ra cc tn hiu xung ra
a t mt my bay o khong cch thng
ng gia my bay v mt t (o cao).
airborne scanner [379]:my qut hng khng.
c dng trn my bay hoc tu v tr
qut mt vng rng pha trc my bay (hoc
tu v tr) khi bay.
airtight [380] : gim thu.
Kh nng lm gim tnh thm ca t di
tc dng ca khng kh.
ait [381] : c lao.
Hn o nh gia h hoc sng.
16
 ajkaite [382] : ajkait.
Mt loi nha ha cha sulfur c mu
thay i t vng nht ti nu sm trong than
nu.
ajoite [383] : ajoit.
Khong vt: Cu6Al2Si10O29.5H2O.
akaganeite [384] : akaganeit.
Khong vt: beta - FeO(OH,Cl).
akatoreite [385] : akatoreit.
Khong vt: Mn9(Si,Al)10O23(OH)9.
akdalaite [386] : akdalait.
Khong vt: 4Al2O3.H2O.
akermanite [387] : akermanit.
Khong vt nhm melilit: Ca2MgSi2O7, ng
hnh vi geblenit.
A'KF diagram [388] : biu AKF (th).
Biu tam gic th hin c im thnh
phn c n gin ha ca bin cht
di dng th s lng phn t ca 3 thnh
phn : A=Al2O3+Fe2O3-(Na2O+K2O+CaO),
K=K2O v F=FeO+MgO+MnO. A+K+F (phn
t) c tnh chuyn v 100%. Biu c s
dng lm ph tr cho biu ACF khi cn th
hin cc khong vt K.
akle [389] : cn ct akl.
Mt kiu cn ct min ty Sahara. l
mt h cc g hnh sin to bi cc mt xen k
dng li lim hng v khng hng vo chiu
gi thi. C l iu kin hnh thnh kiu cn
ct ny l gi khng thi theo hng c nh v
lng ct phi ln.
akrochordite [390] : akrochordit.
Khong vt: Mn, Mg(AsO4)2(OH)4.4H2O,
mu nht - nu.
aksaite [391] : aksait.
Khong vt: MgB6O10. H2O.
aktashite [392] : aktashit.
Khong vt: Cu6 Hg3 As5 S12, ng loi vi
gruzderit v nowackiit.
aktology [393] : duyn hi hc.
Cc nghin cu v nhng vng gn b v
nc nng, cc iu kin v mi trng, i
sng ca sinh vt, trm tch, v.v.
Ala A twin law [394] : lut song tinh Ala-A.
Lut song tinh trong plagioclas, trong trc
song tinh l trc a v mt ghp l (001). Song
tinh Ala-A thng xut hin cng vi lut song
tinh Manebach. Ss: Manebach-Ala-twin law,
Ala-B twin law.
Ala B twin law [395] : lut song tinh Ala-B.
Lut song tinh trong plagioclas, trong trc
song tinh l trc a v mt ghp l (010), thng
xut hin cng vi lut song tinh albit. Ss: Ala-A
twin law, albite-Ala twin law.
alabandite [396] : alabandit.
Khong vt: MnS, thng xut hin dng
khi mu en - st hoc dng ht. n: mangan-
blende; alabandine.
alabaster [397] : alabaste.
1- Bin th c st, cng chc, ht rt mn
ca thch cao, thng c mu trng tuyt, trong
m nhng i khi nhum sc mu vng, nu, ,
da cam hoc xm. c s dng trang tr ni
tht.
2- hoa dng m no.
alalite [398] : alalit.
Khong vt diopsit mu xanh sng.
alamandine [399] : alamandin.
X: almandine.
alamosite [400] : alamosit.
Khong vt: Pb Si O3.
alar fossula [401] : hc cnh (cs).
Hc nh nm vch cnh ca san h
Rugosa.
alar projection [402] : mu dng cnh (cs).
Ch nh ra dng cnh v Trng l.
alar septum [403] : vch cnh (cs).
Vch nguyn sinh san h Rugosa nm
khong gia vch chnh v vch i.
alaskite [404] : alaskit.
Hoa K (M), thut ng ny dng ch
granit cha vi phn trm khong vt
mu.Thut ng cn ch cc xm nhp ht th,
gm ch yu l feldspar kim, thch anh v mt
t hoc khng c khong vt mu. Ngoi ra cn
chia nh thm nh kalialaskit (khng c albit)
v alaskit thc s (c albit). Theo ngh ca
Tiu ban thut ng, y ban Thch hc Lin X
(1969), thut ng alaskit c s dng cho cc
granitoid c 20-60% thch anh trong tng
khong vt felsic v t l feldspar kim trn
tng feldspar ln hn 90%, c ngha l tng
ng vi granit kim hoc kaligranit.
alaskite quartz [405] : alaskit thch anh.
X: tarantulite.
alate [406] : c cnh (cs).
Hnh dng v Tay cun c cc mnh ko di
theo chiu dc b bn l to nn dng cnh,
hoc v Hai mnh c tai pht trin di v pha
sau, hoc v na bng ca v Ostracoda c dng
m rng v pha sau hnh tam gic.
Albertan [407] : Alberti (t).
Thng Bc M, Cambri trung (trn
Waucoban v di Croixi).
Albian [408] : Albi, Albe (t).
Bc do d' Orbigny (1842) xc lp theo a
danh Albe (Php), l phn cao nht ca Creta h
(trn Apti v di Cenoman).
17
 albic horizon [409] : tng albic.
Phn di b mt lp t m st v cc oxid
st t do c gii phng, lm cho mu sc
ca n ty thuc vo thnh phn bt v ct ch
khng phi lp ph.
albite [410] : albit.
Khong vt tinh h ba nghing ca nhm
feldspar : NaAlSi3O8, khng mu hoc mu
trng sa, l mt khong vt ca nhm
plagioclas vi thnh phn thay i t Ab100 An0
n Ab90An10, l mt loi feldspar kim-feldspar
natri h ba nghing. Albit c trong tt c cc
nhm nhng thng c trong magma acid,
trung tnh, trong bin cht tng thp (tng
lc). Tinh th albit thng th hin song tinh
a hp.
albite Ala twin law [411] : lut song tinh
albit-Ala.
Lut song tinh a hp trong feldspar, trong
trc song tinh thng gc vi [100] v mt
ghp l (010). Ss: Ala-B twin law.
albite Carlsbad twin law [412] : lut song
tinh albit-Carlsbad.
Lut song tinh a hp trong feldspar, trong
trc song tinh thng gc vi [001] v mt
ghp l (010).
albite twin law [413] : lut song tinh albit.
Lut song tinh trong feldspar h ba nghing,
trong mt song tinh v mt ghp l (010).
Song tinh albit thng a hp, sc mnh (001).
albitite [414] : albitit.
magma porphyrit cha cc ban tinh albit
vi nn ch yu l cc vi tinh albit. Muscovit,
granat, apatit, thch anh l nhng khong
vt ph.
albitization [415] : albit ha.
Plagioclas calci b thay th bi albit.
albitophyre [416] : albitophyr.
X: albitite.
alcove lands [417] : vng t khng ng
nht.
Cnh quan c cc sn dc thm cha nhiu
lp bn vng trong iu kin phong ha, xen k
vi cc lp b khot su do km bn vng.
aldermanite [418] : aldermanit.
Khong vt c trong cc m phosphat trm
tch, cng thc ha hc :
Mg5Al12(PO4)8(OH)22.nH2O.
aldrin [419] : aldrin.
Thuc tr su, rt c i vi ng vt c
xng sng nn hin nay b cm s dng
Vit Nam.
aldzhanite [420] : aldzhanit.
Khong vt h thoi: CaMgB2O4Cl.7H2O (?).
aleksite [421] : aleksit.
Khong vt: PbBi2Te2S2.
alete [422] : khng rnh tia (cs).
Bo t khng c rnh tia.
aleurite [423] : bt.
Trm tch b ri c kin trc chuyn tip
gia ct v st, bao gm cc ht vn c ng
knh thay i t 0,01 n 0,1mm. Khi nim ny
c cc nh a cht Nga s dng rng ri v
c dch l bt. T nguyn gc Hy Lp:
aleuron.
aleurolite [424] : bt kt.
Trm tch gn kt c kin trc trung gian
gia ct kt v st, tc l bt kt.
Alexandrian [425] : Alexandri (t).
Thng khu vc Bc M, Silur h (trn
Cincinnat ca Ordovic di Niagara).
alexandrine saphir [426] : saphir alexandrin.
Saphir dng Alexandrin, c mu xanh di
nh sng Mt tri v mu tm, ta hoc
nht di nh sng nhn to, l loi qu.
alexandrite [427] : alexandrit.
Dng trong sut ca chrysoberyl, mu xanh
c hoc xanh emrt di nh sng Mt tri v
ru vang n mu nu nht di nh sng
nhn to, loi qu.
algae [428] : to (Algae) (cs).
Mt lin ngnh thc vt thy sinh quang hp
rt a dng v rng ln thuc thc vt Tn
(Thallophyta), gm rong bin v nhng ng
nhm nc ngt ca chng. Chng phn loi
theo kch thc t nhng dng n bo n gin
n nhng dng To b khng l di ti vi mt
v c nhng chu k sng rt thay i, cng nh
nhng qu trnh sinh hc vi nhng phc h c
sc t quang hp khc nhau. Tui t Tin
Cambri.
algae biscuit [429] : tp hp to, bnh to.
Cc tch t vi hnh a hoc bn nguyt c
ng knh ti 20cm, thnh to trong mi
trng nc ngt t s kt lng ca cc khun
xanh: v d thnh to macn xung quanh nhn l
vn to hoc vt liu khc, t qu trnh quang
hp y nng ca cc h nc cng trong
vng kh hu n i (nh Wisconsin).
algae wash [430] : tch t rong to (cs).
Tch t ven b cu thnh ch yu t to
dng si.
algal [431] : To (cs).
Thuc v To hoc bao gm rong to.
algal dust [432] : bi to.
1- Cc ht hoc tinh th carbonat gc cnh
hoc bn trn cnh c ng knh thng t 1-5
micron, mu sm (thng mu nu v xm pht
18
nu), c ngun gc t s phn hy ca cc si
to, mn to, s vn nt ca sinh vt tri ni.
2- Bn to.
algal head [433] : nh to.
Khi hnh ct hoc hnh vm ng knh 10-
12cm c vn chuyn theo phng thc c hc
ti, cc trm tch th lp c to quy t (c
bit l loi to xanh) trn bi triu hoc trong h
nc v c v s si to kt gn cng nhau.
algal limestone [434] : vi to.
Loi vi hnh thnh t cc tn tch to to
calci-carbonat.
algal mound [435] : ng, () to.
S tng dy a phng ca vi ch
yu do s c mt ca tp tch bit ca cc
loi cha to (nh vi vi tinh dng khi
chng hn).
algal paste [436] : keo to; bi to.
Thut ng ch cc m vi tinh-vi ht mu
xm sm-en to nn vi hoc dolomit vi
tinh c st v hp to vi khung xng hu c
(nh san h chng hn).
algal pit [437] : h to.
Mt trng nh cha (hoc c th cha) to
xut hin trong i tiu bin bng h hoc trn
b mt ca bin bng.
algal reef [438] : m tiu to.
Mt m tiu hu c trong to l sinh vt
ch yu bi tit ra carbonat calci. Cc m tiu
ny c th t kch thc cao 10m v rng hn
15m.
algal ridge [439] : g, di to.
Mt g thp hoc b cao g pha bin ca
mt m tiu hnh thnh t s bi tit carbonat
calci ca to vi.
algal structure [440] : cu to to.
Mt kiu cu to trm tch hnh thnh t cc
thnh phn vi, to nn t qu trnh bi tit
v lng t ca cc qun th to.
algarite [441] : algarit.
Mt loi bitum c ngun gc t to.
algodonite [442] : algodonit.
Khong vt: Cu6 As.
Algoma type iron formation [443] : thnh h
st kiu Algoma.
Thnh to st lng t bng con ng ha
hc cha silic phn di mng v cc khong vt
st hp to vi cc ngun ni la v
graywack. Xut hin dc theo cc cung ni la,
ch yu c tui Arkei (Gross, 1980).
Algonkian [444] : Algonki (t).
X: Proterozoi.
algophytic [445] : i Thc vt thi c.
X: archeophytic.
algorithm [446] : thut ton.
Thut ton l mt cng thc gii quyt
tm p s ng cho mt bi ton kh bng cch
chia nh bi ton thnh mt s bc n gin
hn. Cc chng trnh my tnh dng hng ngy
u bao gm mt hoc nhiu thut ton. Mt
th tc tng bc nht nh khi thc hin cho
mt kt qu c nh trc, v d th tc
gii bi ton ton hc. Thng l c s lp li
ca mt s hnh ng trong th tc y.
aliettite [447] : alietit.
Khong vt st, trong tal v smectit khi
tm mt ba, c t l bng nhau v phn b
xen k.
aligned current structure [448] : cu to
dng nh hng.
alimentation facies [449] : tng ngun
cung cp.
c im tng trong th hin r rng
ngun gc trm tch, ch yu thng qua thnh
phn ca (nh "ct kt", "st" v "phin
silic").
A line [450] : ng A (cctr).
ng thng v trong th do ca t,
vi trc tung l ch s do v trc honh l gii
hn lng ca t. Bn trn ng A l cc loi
st v c, pha di l st hu c v bn (c v
c ln hu c). Casagrande (1948) s dng
th do ca t i snh nhiu tnh cht
ca st v bn vi cc gii hn Atterberg ca
chng. ng gi ng phn chia ni trn l
ng A, vit tt tn ca Atterberg, l ngi u
tin (1911) nh ngha cc gii hn ca t,
nh gii hn co cng, do, lng v ch s do.
Nhng gii hn ny l hm lng nc (tng
dn) c trong st v cc loi t dnh kt khc,
ti t chuyn trng thi t cng sang na
cng, do v lng.
alio [451] : alio.
Thut ng gc Php dng ch loi thnh
to v giu st khng thm nc, c hnh
thnh do s lng t ca cc mui st t nc
ngm.
alkali [452] : kim.
1-(hh) Cht bas mnh nh hydroxid hoc
carbonat ca mt kim loi kim (th d Na, K)
(dt). Sn: alkalies, tt: alkaline, alkalic.
2-(kv) Cc khong vt silicat cha kim loi
kim nhng t calci (Ca), th d nh feldspar
kim (alkali feldspar).
3-(th) X: alkalic.
alkali basalt [453] : basalt kim.
Basalt di bo ha silic, cha cc khong
vt tiu chun nephelin, diopsid, olivin, khng
c khong vt tiu chun hypersten.
19
 alkali calcic [454] : kim vi.
Lot magma c phn trm trng lng silic
gia 51 v 56, khi phn trm trng lng ca
CaO v K2O+Na2O tng ng nhau.
alkali charnockite [455] : charnockit kim.
Mt loi ca lot charnockit, trong
thch anh chim 20-60% cc cu thnh felsic v
t l feldspar kim trn tng feldspar ln hn
90%.
alkali feldspar [456] : feldspar kim.
1- Nhm feldspar gm tinh th hn hp ca
feldspar kali (Or hoc KAlSi3O8) v feldspar
natri (Ab hoc NaAlSi3O8) t l no ; nhm
feldspar cha nguyn t kim, t calci.
2- Khong vt ca nhm feldspar kim nh
microlin, orthoclas, sanidin, adularia, albit,
anorthoclas v nhm khong vt plagioclas,
trong t l An nh hn 20%. Ss: plagioclase.
n: alkalic felspar.
alkali feldspar granite [457] : granit
feldspar kim.
Trong phn loi ca IUGS l mt loi xm
nhp vi Q nm trong khong gia 20 v 60 v
P/(A+P) nh hn 10.
alkali feldspar quartz syenite [458] : Syenit
thch anh feldspar kim.
Trong phn loi ca IUGS l mt loi xm
nhp vi Q nm trong khong gia 5v 20 v
P/(A+P) nh hn 10.
alkali feldspar syenite [459] : syenit
feldspar kim.
Trong phn loi ca IUGS l mt loi xm
nhp vi Q nm trong khong gia 0 v 5 v
P/(A+P) nh hn 10.
alkali gabbro [460] : gabro kim.
Xm nhp tng ng vi basalt kim, gm
plagioclas (t nht An50), pyroxen n t,
thng c olivin, nephelin v / hoc analcim
nhng t hn 10% th tch v feldspar kim t
hn 10% tng feldspar.
alkali lake [461] : h kim.
Mt loi h mui, thng xut hin trong
min c kh hu kh nng m nc trong chng As hoc Sb. n: arsenical antimony.
cha mt lng ng k carbonat natri, carbonat
kali, cng nh clorua natri v cc thnh phn
kim khc.
alkali lime index [462] : ch s vi-kim.
Ch s phn loi magma ca Peacock
(1931) trn c s phn trm trng lng SiO2,
khi phn trm trng lng CaO v K2O+Na2O
bng nhau. Cn c vo ch s ny cc magma
c chia ra 4 lot:
- Lot kim khi phn trm trng lng SiO2
nh hn 51.
- Lot vi-kim khi phn trm trng lng
SiO2 gia 51 v 56.
- Lot kim-vi khi phn trm trng lng
SiO2 gia 56 v 61.
- Lot vi khi phn trm trng lng SiO2 ln
hn 61.
alkalic [463] : tnh kim.
- magma cha kim loi kim hn hm
lng kim loi kim trung bnh ca nhm
c xem xt.
- Lot magma cha nhiu natri hoc kali
hn yu cu cho s thnh to feldspar vi silic
c th c c.
- Loi magma c ch s kim nh hn 51.
- Loi magma thuc lot Atlantic.
alkaline soil [464] : t kim.
t c pH > 7,0.
alkaline water [465] : nc kim.
Nc c pH trn 7.
alkalinity [466] : tnh kim.
alkalinity of water [467] : kim ca nc.
Lng cc cation cn bng bi cc acid yu
biu th bng mili ng lng cc ion hydro
c lm trung ho trong mt lt nc.
allactite [468] : alactit.
Khong vt: Mn7(AsO4)2(OH)8.
allanite [469] : alanit.
Khong vt h n nghing, cha ceri ca
nhm epidot: (Ce, Ca, Y) (Al, Fe)3 (SiO4)3 (OH),
khong vt ph, in hnh ca magma
(granit, syenit, diorit, pegmatit) v trong bin
cht.n: orthite, cerine, bucklandite, treanorite.
allargentum [470] : alargentum.
Khong vt: Agx-1Sbx ,trong : x =0.09-0.16.
allcharite [471] : alcharit.
X: goethite.
alleghanyite [472] : aleghanyit.
Khong vt: Mn5(SiO4)2 (OH)2.
Alleghenian [473] : Aleghen (t).
Bc khu vc Bc M, Pensylvani trung
(trn Potsvili v di Conemaughi).
allemontite [474] : alemontit.
Khong vt hn hp ca stibarsen (Sb, As) v
allenrod [475] : thi k bng h Alenrod.
Thut ng c s dng u tin chu u
ch thi k bng h mun (11000 nm trc
y) tip sau thi k "kh hn c" v trc thi
k "kh hn tr". Trong yu t kh hu c
d on t cc d liu a tng v bo t
phn hoa.
allite [476] : alit.
1- Tn mt loi , trong thnh phn silic
b ra la mnh, cha mt hm lng nhm v
st cao cp ht st.
20
 2- L mt loi trm tch c modul silic
(Al2O3/SiO2) ln hn 0,87.
allochem [477] : cu trc alochem; vn sinh
ha tha sinh.
Ton b cc yu t cu trc c mt trong
carbonat trm tch nh cc th vn cc, trng
c, sinh vt-tn tch sinh vt, vn ni bn cc
cp ht,... c nn bn hoc/v cc ht
carbonat kt tinh gn kt.
allochromatic [478] : ngoi sc.
Ch khong vt khng mu trng thi sch
hoc c mu do nhng bao th nh hoc nhng
nguyn t mu khng tham gia trong cu trc
ha hc ca khong vt ny. Ss: idiochromatic.
allochthon [479] : th ngoi lai, ngoi lai.
1- (kt) Khi di chuyn tch khi ni ban
u do cc qu trnh kin to.
2- (trt) Mt khi vt liu trm tch t xa vn
chuyn ti v c ti lng ng.
allochthonous mantle [480] : vt liu
ngoi lai.
Cc mnh vn b ri hoc st c vn
chuyn t xa ti v tr hin ti (khng phi thnh
to ti ch).
allochthony [481] : thc vt ngoi lai.
S tch t cc tn tch thc vt khng phi l
ni chng pht trin.
alloclasite [482] : aloclasit.
Khong vt h n nghing: (Co,Fe)AsS.
alloclastic breccia [483] : dm kt aloclastic.
1- Mt kiu dm kt c hnh thnh t s
phn hy cc phi ni la do cc qu trnh
hot ng ni la di b mt Tri t.
2- Mt kiu dm kt ni la.
allocyclicity [484] : chu k trm tch.
c im trm tch theo chu k do s thay
i ngun vt liu v phng thc vn chuyn
vt liu vo bn tch t. S thay i bao hm
c ch nng/h ca v Tri t, thay i mc
nc bin do ng tnh, thay i kh hu, cng
nh cc thay i ngoi sinh khc tc ng ti
qu trnh trm tch.
allodapic limestone [485] : vi huyn ph.
Mt loi vi c cc dng huyn ph
lm lng ng.
alloformation [486] : h tng (a tng bn
).
Phn v c s ca a tng hc bn
(allostratigraphy). Phn v c th c phn chia
ton b hay mt phn thnh tp (a tng bn
) (allomember), hoc c th khng chia (ch
s dng cc nc Bc M).
allogene [487] : tha sinh, khc ngun.
Mt khong vt hoc mt thnh phn tha
sinh, v d nh mt xenolit trong magma,
mt hn cui trong cui kt, mt ht khong
vt trong mt m sa khong,... Ngn: authigene.
allogroup [488] : lot (a tng bn ),
alogroup.
Phn v a tng hc bn cp bc ln
hn h tng (a tng bn ) c xc lp
lm sng t lch s a cht. Mt lot c th bao
gm nhiu h tng hoc ch mt hoc mt s h
tng chim mt khi lng no ca lot.
allokite [489] : alokit.
Mt loi khong vt st c cu trc trung
gian gia kaolinit v alophan.
allolistostrome [490] : th lai tp, th hn
n, dng olistostrom.
1- Mt melange c ngun gc trm tch.
2- Mt olistostrome cha cc khi ngoi lai.
allomember [491] : tp (a tng bn ).
Phn v a tng hc bn , k di h tng
(a tng bn ) theo th t phn loi.
allometry [492] : php o cc thng s a
mo bin i.
Trong a mo, thut ng c s dng
ch t l gia cc h s thay i tng i ca
cc thng s trong h a mo. Cc h ny t khi
t ti trng thi n nh.
allomorphism [493] : hin tng d hnh; tha
hnh.
1- (cs) Mt thut ng c dng khng ng
i vi hin tng lp hnh ca Hai mnh.
2- (kv) Nhng tinh th kt tinh khng hon
chnh, dng mo m.
allomorphite [494] : alomorphit.
Khong vt barit gi hnh theo anhydrit.
allophane [495] : alophan.
Khong vt st v nh hnh: Al2O3.SiO2
nH2O, cha keo silicat alumin, cha nc, mu
trng tuyt, xanh, nu, vng hoc khng mu v
thng c dng khm, va mng hoc dng nh
khi. n: allophanite.
allophanite [496] : alophanit.
Thut ng c. n : allophane.
allophanoid [497] : nhm alophan.
Tn mt nhm khong vt st bao gm
alophan, haloysit v montmorilonit.
allostratigraphic unit [498] : phn v a tng
bn .
L cc th dng tng c th v c ca
trm tch, c xc nh v nhn bit trn c s
ranh gii khng chnh hp ca chng. Phn v
a tng bn , theo th t gim dn l
allogroup, alloformation v allomember, phn
v c bn l alloformation.
allotriomorphic granular [499] : ht tha
21
 hnh.
X: xenomorphic.
allotrope [500] : th cng cht a hnh (ng
cht d hnh).
Tinh th ca mt cht c tnh cng cht khc
hnh. V d lu hunh (sulfur) c th kt tinh
h thoi v h n nghing.
allotropy [501] : hin tng cng cht
khc hnh.
Hin tng a hnh ca cng mt s nguyn
t nh carbon, lu hunh.
allowable bearing capacity [502] : kh nng
chu ti cho php (cctr).
allowable stress [503] : ng sut cho
php (cctr).
ng sut cho php ln nht trong mt cu
kin di tc dng ca ti trng s dng, c
xc nh bng t s gia cng gii hn ca
vt liu trn h s an ton.
alluaudite [504] : aluaudit.
Khong vt: (Na, Ca)1-2 (Fe+3, Mn+2)3 (PO4)3.
alluvia [505] : bi tch.
Sn: alluvium.
alluvial [506] : bi tch.
1- Thuc v aluvi, ph sa, bi tch, t bi.
Thut ng c s dng ch cc thnh to b
ri nh cui, sn, ct, st v than.
2- (sk) Sa khong aluvi (cha cc khong vt
qu nh kim cng, vng) c thnh to di
tc dng ca dng chy.
alluvial channel [507] : sng sui bi tch.
1- Sa khong lng sng.
2- Sng, sui c y sng v b sng l cc
thnh to bi tch (aluvi).
alluvial cone [508] : nn bi tch.
Qut bi tch dc ng, thng cao hn v
hp hn qut trm tch bnh thng. Qut bi
tch ny c cu thnh t cc vt liu th hn
v dy hn, c l c cc dng sng ln lm
lng ng.
n: cone of detritus; cone of dejection.
alluvial dam [509] : bi tch.
Lp bi tch hnh thnh do mt dng chy
mang qu nhiu vt liu trm tch lm cn tr
dng chy nn nc b ng. V d: mt
nh mt ph lu trn qut bi tch.
alluvial dam lake [510] : h bi tch.
H c thnh to bi cc aluvi bao
quanh, c bit nhng h cc nn bi tch.
alluvial deposit [511] : m bi tch, vt liu
bi tch.
M bi tch (aluvi). X: alluvium.
alluvial fan [512] : nn (qut) bi tch, nn
phng vt.
Khi vt liu b ri tri rng, sn phng
hoc thoi, c dng ging nh ci qut xe hoc
mt dng hnh nn, do sng sui bi p ti ca
sng hoc ti ca sng ra thung lng hp, ti
ng ba sng hoc ti ch sng thu hp li hay ti
v tr lng sng t ngt gim nghing. Cc
sn nn bi tch thoi, li hng v pha ngoi
v dc gim dn. Ss: alluvial cone; bajada.
n: detrital fan; talus fan; dry delta.
alluvial fan shoreline [513] : ng b nn
phng vt.
ng b b bin dng ni mt qut bi
tch hnh thnh v pha h hoc bin.
alluvial fill [514] : lp y bi tch.
Lp bi tch trong lu vc ca mt dng
chy dy hn su ca dng chy .
alluvial flat [515] : bi bi, ng bng ven
sng, ng bng bi tch.
ng bng bi tch nh gip vi sng, trn
vt liu bi tch c lng ng trong qu
trnh ngp lt. n: river flat.
alluvial meander [516] : bi tch hnh mng
nga.
Khc un rt cong hnh sin, hnh mng nga
ca con sng.
alluvial plain [517] : ng bng bi tch.
B mt t hi ln sng, phng hoc hi
dc, hnh thnh do s bi tch mnh m, thng
gn mt con sng m b ca n b ngp lt
nh k; v tr ca ng bng bi tch c th nm
trn mt bi bi, mt tam gic chu hoc mt
qut bi tch. n: wash plain; waste plain; river
plain; aggraded valley plain; bajada.
alluvial plain shoreline [518] : ranh gii ng
bng bi tch.
ng b thoi ha ni sn bi tch m
rng ti chn ni hnh thnh v pha h
hoc bin.
alluvial river [519] : sng bi tch.
Sng chy qua mt ai bi tch rng ln, trn
su c sng lm bi tch bng hoc
ln hn su xy ra ra xi trong thi gian
ngp lt.
alluvial slope [520] : bc bi tch.
1- B mt di lp bi tch nghing t pha
ni tip ni vi mt bnh nguyn hoc mt
thung lng rng.
2- B mt bi tch c hnh thi khng th
phn bit c l mt qut bi tch hay mt
ng bng l tch chn ni.
alluvial soil [521] : t ph sa, t aluvi.
t non tr ang trong qu trnh tch cc
thnh to, c vn chuyn bng dng nc, sau
lng ng trn bi bi, chu th v c nhng
tnh cht c bn ca ph sa.
22
 alluvial stone [522]: sa khong ( qu) aluvi.
Mt loi qu c mt dng chy vn
chuyn v lm lng ng.
alluvial talus [523] : talus bi tch, l tch.
S tch t ca cc mnh vn c kch thc
v hnh dng khc nhau, hnh thnh trong hoc
sau qu trnh ra xi ca ma ro, ma bo v
do bng tan tc ng vo khe xi, b mt
vch , v.v.
alluvial terrace [524] : thm aluvi.
Thm sng cu thnh bi vt liu b ri (k
c cui, sn); l kt qu ph hy ng bng bi
tch hoc o su lng do sng tr li hoc bi
tch mi ph ln thm c. X: stream-built
terrace; built terrace; fill terrace.
alluvial tin [525] : thic sa khong.
Casiterit trong sa khong bi tch.
alluviation [526] : qu trnh bi tch.
Qu trnh trm tch cc vt liu bi tch
(dng nn hoc qut) ti ni m tc dng
chy gim xung; qu trnh bi t trm tch dc
theo dng chy mang vt liu bi tch.
alluvion [527] : sng v b; chy trn ngp
lt; bi tch, ph sa (ngha t dng); to t mi
do qu trnh lu di ca sng v nc chy.
X: accretion.
alluvium [528] : bi tch, ph sa, aluvi.
1- Thut ng chung ch st, ct, sn hoc vt
liu phong ha cha gn kt, c lng ng
trong qu trnh a cht mi y di tc dng
ca dng nc di lng sng, ng bng bi
tch, tam gic chu hay qut (nn) bi tch di
chn ni. c bit ch cc trm tch ht mn lng
ng do l lt hoc triu dng. Trc y thut
ng ny (hin nay khng bao gm) bao hm cc
vt liu trm tch di nc nh bin hay ca
sng, h v ao.
n: alluvial; alluvial deposit; alluvion.
2- Thut ng do cc nh k thut, k thut
khoan s dng "khng ng", ng ch loi
dp v dng t nm ngay di lp t nhng
trn lp nguyn, khng dp v (hoc
mch).
3- t bi tch.
almandine [529] : almandin.
Khong vt alumin st thuc nhm granat,
mu m c trng: Fe2Al2 (SiO4)3, lm
qu.
almost atoll [530] : o san h vng vi nhng
vt liu t i khng phi san h.
Nhn chung o c ngun gc ni la, gia
vng h hoc bin.
alongshore [531] : dc theo b bin.
Chy di theo b bin.
alpha [532] : alpha (kv).
1-Ch s chit sut nh nht trong tinh th
hai trc; -Gc gia cc trc tinh th b v c.
Ss: beta (cryst), gamma (crystal).
2-Mt trong hai hoc nhiu hn nhng
khong vt c mi lin quan cht ch nhng c
c im vt l c trng (c bit l cc bin
th a hnh). Bin th a hnh alpha ch khong
vt n nh nhit thp hn so vi bin th
beta v gamma (v d nh alpha cristobalit l
pha nhit thp h bn phng ca
cristobalit). Mt s nh khoa hc quy c ngc
li cho alpha n nh nhit cao, nh alpha
carnegieit n nh nhit >690oC.
alpha decay [533] : phn r alpha.
alpha quartz [534] : thch anh alpha.
Bin th a hnh ca thch anh, bn vng
nhit 573oC, c mt trc i xng bc 3
thng ng v 3 trc i xng bc 2 nm ngang,
c ch s chit sut v lng chit sut cao hn
beta thch anh. Thch anh alpha l hp phn ca
magma, bin cht, trm tch v phn b rng
ri trong mch pegmatit.
alpha ray [535] : tia alpha.
alpha vrendenburgite [536] : alphavren-
denburgit.
Khong vt ng nht, gi bn: (Mn, Fe)3O4
c cng thnh phn nh beta-vredenburgit.
Alpides [537] : Alpid.
Tn c Suess s dng ch ai to ni
ln hoc h thng ni un np tr bao gm c
dy Alps ko di v pha ng t Ty Ban Nha
n cc nam chu .
n : Alpine-Hymalayan belt.
alpine [538] : ni cao.
1- tt: Thuc v ni Alps, dy Alps.
2- Ni cao tng t Alps, kiu Alps : Xm
thc sng bng mnh m to nn ni cao,
nh nhn, lm chm.
3- H kiu Alps, do qu trnh xm thc sng
bng v trn vng ni cao.
Alpine Hymalayan belt [539] : ai Alpin-
Hymalaya.
X : Alpides.
Alpine orogeny [540] : to ni Alpin.
Tn ch hin tng to ni tng i tr
pha nam chu u v chu lm cho nham
thch dy Alps v nhng phn khc ca ai to
ni Alpin b bin dng mnh m. Stille xp vo
thi i to ni Alpin tt c hin tng to ni
t Jura n cui tam, nhng phn ln cc
nh a cht xp vo tam vi nhiu giai on
vn ng mnh khc nhau, kt thc trong
Miocen hoc Pliocen.
23
 Alpine type facies series [541] : lot tng
kiu Alpin.
Cc to thnh trong iu kin p sut cao
nht ca bin cht nhit ng khu vc, nhit
thp khng ln hn 150o-400oC, c trng bi s
c mt ca tng phin pumpelyit v
glaucophan. C th c mt tng zeolit trong di
nhit thp-p sut cao nht v tng eclogit
thnh to su trong iu kin p sut cao nht,
nhit va phi.
alpinotype tectonics [542]:kin to kiu alpin.
Kin to ca cc ai to ni, khng n vng cao nguyn.
tui, c to thnh bi qu trnh hi t cc
mng (thut ng c : orthogeosyncline-a mng
trc). Chng c c trng bi un np do,
su v hot ng xm nhp phn gia, t gy
chm nghch nhng phn ngoi to nn cc
lp ph, tm chm nghch v cc np un b un
cong mnh. n : orthotectonics.
Alps [543] : ni Alps, ni c tuyt ph
quanh nm.
1- Ni cao, sn dc, lm chm thng b
tuyt ph quanh nm nh ni Alps Trung u.
2- ng c hoc ng c chu th gia
ng tuyt ph quanh nm v ng ranh gii
cy g.
alstonite [544] : alstonit.
Khong vt: BaCa (CO3)2 h ba nghing, bin
th lng hnh gi h thoi ca barytocalcit.
altaite [545] : altait.
Khong vt mu trng-thic: PbTe.
alterability [546] : kh nng c th thay i.
alteration [547] : bin i, thay i.
1- S bin i thnh phn thch hc ca mt
loi do tc ng ca cc qu trnh ha l.
2- S bin i thnh phn ha hc v khong
vt ca mt loi do qu trnh phong ha.
3- (cctr) S lm thay i nhng c tnh ca
t nn.
altered rock [548] : b bin i.
Loi c thnh phn ha hc v khong vt
nguyn thy b bin i.
alternate terrace [549] : thm xen k.
Mt trong s thm c du vt khc un
lm chm.
alternating bed [550] : lp xen k.
alternation of beds [551] : xen k cc lp.
althausite [552] : althausit.
Khong vt h thoi: Mg(PO4)(OH, F, O).
altiplanation [553] : san bng cao a hnh.
Tp hp cc qu trnh xm thc bao gm t
chy v di chuyn vt cht, c xu th san bng
hoc lm cho mt t bng phng. Cc qu trnh
ny thng xy ra mnh vng c cao ln v
ni v cao thng tr bng h. Ss: equip-
lanation; cryoplanation.
altiplanation terrace [554] : thm cao.
Sn i hoc thm cao o su vo gc,
khng c yu t cu trc khng ch v c
pht trin trong iu kin kh hu lnh. Cc bc
thm ny c lp ph ngoi l cc trm tch dng
chy; trng ging nh mt t, rng chng 2-3
km v di n 10 km. dc ca thm thng
t 1 n 12 . n: equiplanation terrace.
altiplano [555] : cao nguyn rt cao, hoc
c bit cao nguyn rt cao pha ty
Bolovia c nhng ct (tr) ngn cch cc bn
trng gia ni.
altitude [556] : cao, chiu cao.
1- ng thng ng gia mt nm ngang v
ung thuc im cao hn, v d: ti nh ni.
2- ng vung gc gia mt im v b mt
ca d liu, thng l mc nc bin trung bnh.
n : elevation.
alum [557] : phn.
1- Khong vt: KAl(SO4)2.12H2O, khng
mu hoc trng, c v chua du. Ss: kalinit.
n: potash alum; potassium alum.
2- Nhm khong vt cha sulfat alumin
ngm nc, bao gm phn, kalinit, phn soda,
mendozit v tshermigit.
alum coal [558] : than cha phn.
Loi than nu giu st v pyrit cha phn, l
sn phm ca qu trnh phong ha.
alum earth [559] : st phn.
alum rock [560] : phn, alunit.
alum schist [561] : phin phn.
X : alum shale.
alum shale [562] : st vi cha phn.
Thnh phn nguyn thy cha sulfur st
(pyrit, marcasit), khi bin i, thnh to acid
sulfuric tc dng vi vt cht c cha nhm v
kali trong thnh to sulfat nhm.
n : alum earth; alum schist; alum slate.
alum slate [563] : st vi cha phn.
X : alum shale.
alum stone [564] : alunit.
X : alunite.
alumina [565] : alumina, oxid nhm (Al2O3).
aluminiferous [566] :cha oxid nhm (Al2O3).
aluminite [567] : aluminit.
Khong vt :
Al2(SO4)(OH)4.7H2O. n: websterite.
aluminium [568] : nhm (Al).
Nguyn t ha hc th 13, nguyn t lng
26,9815, t trng 2,6989 g/cm3, c mt ng v
bn v 16 ng v khng bn, thuc nhm kim
24
loi nh lithophil. Hm lng nhm (ppm) trong
v lc a >77.440; trong siu mafic 20.000;
trong gabro-basalt 83.000; trong granit -
granitoid 73.000; phin 91.000; trong t
80.000; trong nc i dng 0,002 mg/l; trong
sng sui 0,3 mg/l. Cc khong vt tiu biu:
gibsit Al(OH)3; boehmit AlO(OH); diaspor
AlO(OH); silimanit Al2SiO5; corindon Al2O3;
cryolit Na3AlF6; kaolinit Al2Si2O5(OH)4. Phng
php phn tch: XRF, ICP-AES; c dng
trong cc ngnh bao b, vn ti, in, tiu
dng, trang tr ni tht, vt liu mi, thuc
da,v.v.
aluminium silicate [569] : silicat nhm.
Cng thc Al2SiO3. Cht rn trng khng tan
trong nc, dng lm vt liu chu la,
thy tinh.
aluminocopiapite [570] : aluminocopiapit.
Khong vt nhm copiapit :
Al Fe6+3(SO4)9 (OH)3. 30H2O.
aluminosilicate [571] : aluminosilicat hay
alumosilicat.
Silicat, trong nhm thay th silic trong
cu trc t din SiO4.
aluminous [572] : cha nhm (Al).
aluminum alloy [573] : hp kim nhm.
Hp kim nhm v mt lng nh cc kim
loi ng, magnesi, mangan.
aluminum octahedron [574] : octahedron
nhm.
Mt trong hai n v cu trc tinh th c s,
cng vi tetrahedron silic-oxy, to nn cc
nhm khong vt st khc nhau (th d nh
kaolinite, montmorilonite, illite, v.v.) ty thuc
vo s kt hp gia hai n v ni trn. Cc n
v tetrahedron lin kt vi nhau to thnh lp
silic trong khi cc n v octahedron lin kt vi
nhau to thnh lp gibsit. Phng thc b tr
phn t trong cc lp silic v gibsit cho php
chng xp chng ln nhau rt cht. Kaolinite l
mt khong vt st c kin trc hai lp in
hnh (chiu dy 7.2 ) vi cc lp silic v gibsit
xp chng lun phin ln nhau. Kt ni gia cc
n v hai lp ni trn l hydro v cc lc ha
tr th cp.
aluminum oxide [575] : oxid nhm.
Cng thc Al2O3. Hp cht dng bt hoc
tinh th lc gic mu trng, nng chy
2020oC, dng sn xut ngc nhn to, nguyn
liu mi mn, vt liu chu la, gm, cht
cch in,...
alumite [576] : alumit.
X: alunite.
alumocalcite [577] : alumocalcit.
Mt bin th ca opal cha cc tp cht
nhm v vi.
alumogel [578] : alumogel, halotrichit,
phn st.
Loi hydroxid nhm v nh hnh l thnh
phn ca bauxit.
alumohydrocalcite [579] : alumohydrocalcit.
Khong vt: CaAl2 (CO3)2 (OH)4 . 3H2O, mu
trng, dng si, ta tia, dng cu. Ss: Para-
alumohydrocalcite.
alumopharmacosiderite [580] : alumopharma
cosiderit.
Khong vt ng hnh cha nhm ca
pharmacosiderit. Cng thc :
KAl4 (OH)4 (AsO4) .6,5H2O.
alumotantite [581] : alumotantit.
Khong vt: Al Ta O4.
alumotungstite [582] : alumotungstit.
Khong vt h ba phng:
(W, Al)16 (O, OH)48.H2O.
alunite [583] : alunit.
1- Khong vt: KAl3 (SO4)2 (OH)6, ng hnh
vi natroalunit, i khi cha nhiu natri, sn
phm bin i nhit dch ca magma cha
feldspar, dng ch phn chua.
n: alum stone; alum rock, alumite.
2- Nhm khong vt cha sulfat ngm nc
gm alumit, nitroalumit, jarosit, natrojarosit,
amoniojarosit, argentojarosit v plumbojarosit.
alunitization [584] : qu trnh alunit ha.
S hnh thnh alunit hoc b thay th bi
alunit.
alunogen [585] : alunogen.
Khong vt: Al2 (SO4)3. 18H2O, c dng nh,
si mu trng hoc dng thng hoa do hot ng
phun tro, do phn hy pyrit trong phin
cha phn. n: feather alum, hair salt.
alurgite [586] : alurgit.
Mt loi muscovit cha mangan.
alushtite [587] : alushtit.
Mt hp to ca dickit vi cc khong vt st
(nh ilit chng hn).
alvanite [588] : alvanit.
Khong vt: Al6(VO4)2(OH)12.5H2O.
alveolar [589] : c l, c hc chn rng (cs).
C l, h, hc nh ng vt khng xng
sng; c hc rng ng vt c xng sng.
alveolar ore [590] : qung dng t ong.
alveolar weathering [591] : phong ha t ong.
Qu trnh phong ha to thnh sn phm c
cu trc nh t ong.
n : honeycomb weathering.
alveole [592] : , hc (cs).
Mt khong trng hoc hc, nh hc nh
trong vch v Trng l.
25
 alveolinid [593] : Alveolinidae (cs).
Cc Trng l thuc mt h c trng bng v
khng thng, dng s ko di theo trc, c th l
gn hnh tr, hnh thoi, hnh bu dc hoc hnh
cu. Tui t Creta sm n nay. Mc d nhm
ny ging Trng thoi v hnh thi nhng hai
nhm khng c lin quan v dng ging.
alveolitoid [594] : kiu san h dng (cs).
Mt kiu san h nm nghing c mt vch
trn un vm v mt vch di nm song song
vi y (nh ging Alveolites).
alveolus [595]: , hc, nang, l chn rng (cs).
ng vt khng xng sng, l nhng
nh, hc nh, v d b xng ca qun th
Ru ng vt, lp t ong ca mt s Trng
thoi, v.v ; ng vt c xng sng, l hc
cha chn rng.
alveozone [596] : rnh (cs).
Rnh nm ngay di v i tng ln hnh
lim hoc vng ngoi vi v mt s Chn bng.
amagmatic [597] : phi (khng) magma.
Mt cu trc, mt khu vc hoc mt qu
trnh khng c biu hin hot ng magma.
amakinite [598] : amakinit.
Khong vt: (Fe, Mg) (OH)2.
amalgamate [599] : hn kt (cs).
Kiu cu trc vch ca Ru ng vt Trepo-
stoma, trong ranh gii gia cc c th
khng thy c mt ct tip tuyn.
amarantite [600] : amarantit.
Khong vt - tm sm : FeSO4(OH).3H2O.
amargosite [601] : amargosit.
n: bentonite.
amarillite [602] : amarilit.
Khong vt mu xanh nht - vng :
NaFe (SO4)2.6 H2O.
ambatoarinite [603] : ambatoarinit.
Khong vt t c m t:
Sr(Ce, La, Nd) O (CO3)3 (?).
amber [604] : h phch.
Nha cy tng bch ha mu vng da cam
hoc vng nu trong sut, thng c cc bao th
ca thc vt hoc cn trng bn trong.
cng 2 - 2,5, rn, t trng 1,05 - 1,10. c
dng lm cc hng m ngh: chui eo vng
tay, tu thuc l,... T amber cn c dng ch
cc nhm nha ha c cha nhiu acid
sucinit v c t s C:H:O thay i ln. V d:
almashit, simetit, delatynit v ambrosin.
n: succinit, bernstein, electrum.
amber acid [605] : acid h phch.
Ging nh acid sucinic, c tinh th khng
mu, c v acid, nng chy 185oC. Dng nh
ha cht trung gian sn xut este thm.
amber mica [606] : mica h phch.
X: phlogopite.
amber oil [607] : du h phch.
Tinh du mu vng nht n nu c to
thnh bng chng ct h phch, loi tinh du
nh c chng ct bng nha cy.
amber resin [608] : nha h phch.
amberoid [609] : amberoid.
Loi vt liu ca ngc c cha cc mu nh
h phch nguyn thy c tng hp li hoc ti
to li bng nhit hoc p sut. n: pressed
amber-h phch b p nn, cn gi l ambroid.
ambitus [610] : mp ngoi, b ngoi (cs).
B ngoi hoc vng ngoi vi, v d chu vi
mt ngang ln nht ca mt v Cu gai hay Sao
bin c nh, hoc ng bao vch ca nhm
Trng roi Dinoflagellata nhn t pha lng hay
pha bng.
amblygonite [611] : amblygonit.
Khong vt: (Li,Na)AlPO4(F,OH), dng khi
d tch, mu trng hoc xanh nht trong
pegmatit, khong vt ca qung lithi.
n: hebronite.
amblyproct [612] : c ming hnh chn (cs).
Loi Bt bin c mt ngoi l thi nc dng
chn m.
ambrite [613] : ambrit.
Cng thc C40H66O5. L mt bin th ca
retinit na trong sut, mu xm vng ging
amber, l thnh nhng khi ln cc vng than
ca New Zealand. n: amberite.
ambulacral [614] : chn mt (cs).
Thuc v mt chn mt hoc tp hp nhiu
chn mt, v d gai chn mt dng kim nh gn
vi phn phin bn hng n rnh dn thc n
ca chn mt lp N bin; tng ng vi v tr
mt chn mt hoc ni v vng c chn mt, v
d tia chn mt th hin vng c phn nh
bi hng chn mt ta ra t ming Hu bin.
ameghinite [615] : ameghinit.
Khong vt: NaB3O5.2H2O.
amenable [616] : p ng yu cu.
amenable ore [617] : qung p ng yu cu.
American jade [618]:jad American, ngc M.
Nephrit Wyoning. n: Californite.
American ruby [619] : ruby American.
Granat mu (pyrop), tm thy Arizon v
New Mexico.
americium [620] : americi (Am).
Nguyn t ha hc c s nguyn t 95, s
khi ng v t 237 n 246, chu k bn phn r
xy ra t 25 pht n 7950 nm. Trong , ng
v 243 c chu k bn phn r di nht.
amesite [621] : amesit.
26
 Khong vt kiu serpentin tm mt ba, c
thnh phn l thuyt: (Mg2Al1)(Si1Al1O5)(OH)4,
dng tinh th hon chnh, hnh lng tr su
phng nm trong bin cht giu alumin.
amethyst [622] : thch anh tm.
1- Mt dng ca thch anh kt tinh, trong
sut n trong m, mu ta n tm nht, l
loi na qu. Mu ca thch anh do vi phn
st gy nn. n: bishop's stone.
2- Thut ng cng dng cho corindon mu
ta m v cho beryl mu nht-tm.
Amgan [623] : Amga (t).
Bc chu u, Cambri trung (trn Lena v
di Maya).
amicite [624] : amicit.
Khong vt zeolit: K4Na4Al8Si8O32.10H2O.
aminoffite [625] : aminofit.
Khong vt h bn phng :
Ca2(Be,Al)Si2O7(OH).H2O.
ammersooite [626] : amersuit.
Khong vt st (ilit ?) trong t th nhng.
ammonio jarosite [627] : amonio jarosit.
Khong vt mu vng nht ca nhm alunit:
(NH4)Fe3(SO4)2(OH)6.
ammonioborite [628] : amonioborit.
Khong vt mu trng: (NH4)2B10O16.5H2O,
dng tp hp tm nh trong m kh.
ammonite [629] : Cc (Ammonitida) (cs).
Mt b ln ca lp Chn u c trng bi
v ngoi c t im phc tp, c ng khu
phn chia tinh t thnh cc thy v yn. Tui:
Jura-Creta.
ammonitic suture [630] : ng khu kiu
Cc (cs).
Kiu ng khu c trng bi s x rng
kha tt c cc thy, yn bc hai v bc ba.
ammonium nitrate (AN) [631] : thuc n kh
nitrat amonium.
ammonium nitrate fuel oil mixture (ANFO)
[632] : hn hp thuc n nitrat amonium vi
du t.
ammonoid [633]: dng Cc (Ammonoidea)
(cs).
Phn b ln ca Chn u c trng bi v
ngoi cun trn mt mt phng, trong v c
vch ngn, khi gn vi mt trong v lm thnh
ng khu t gp khc n un ln, to nn
cc thy v yn. Tui : Devon sm n
Creta mun.
amoebocyte [634] : t bo dng amip (cs).
T bo ca Bt bin hnh dng khng u,
hay thay i, bao gm nhng nguyn bo, t bo
to gai, t bo dinh dng v t bo mng dy.
n: amoeboid cell.
amorphous [635] : v nh hnh.
1- Thut ng ni v khong vt v nhng vt
th khc khng c cu trc kt tinh hoc s sp
xp bn trong khng c quy lut.
Ngn: crystalline.
2- Thut ng s dng trc y, m t nhng
th dng khi khng c s phn chia cc
phn khc nhau. ss : massive.
amorphous graphite [636] : graphit v nh
hnh.
Graphit ht tinh t trong cc va than b bin
cht. T "amorphous" l thut ng dng sai v
tt c graphit u kt tinh. Thut ng ny cng
c dng cho graphit vy rt nh v cho loi
graphit ht nh Sry Lanca.
amorphous peat [637] : than bn v
nh hnh.
Loi than bn trong s thoi ha ca vt
cht xelulo lm hy hoi cu trc thc vt
nguyn thy.
amorphous state [638] : trng thi v
nh hnh.
Vt cht ha hc trng thi cng, c trng
bi cu trc v trt t, cc nguyn t phn b
khng theo quy lut.
amorphous structure [639] : kin trc v
nh hnh.
X: amorphous state.
amphi sapropel [640]: mt loi than bn thi.
Loi bn thi (sapropel) cha cc mnh vn
thc vt ln.
amphiaster [641] : th sao kp (cs).
Gai silic ca Bt bin gm mt que thng vi
mt nhm gai ta tia mi u mt.
amphibian [642] : Lng c (Amphibia) (cs).
ng vt c xng sng thuc mt lp c
c trng l mu lnh, 4 chn, th bng mang
giai on non tr, bng phi giai on trng
thnh.
amphibole [643] : amphibol.
1- Nhm khong vt st - magnesi:
A2-3B5(Si,Al)8O22(OH)2, trong A=Mg,
Fe+2, Ca hoc Na; B = Mg, Fe+2, Fe+3 hoc Al.
Chng c trng bi cu trc silicat mch kp,
tinh h bn phng vi t l silic/oxy bng 4/11,
Tinh th dng ct hoc dng si v ct khai theo
hai phng 56o v 124o. Mu t trng n en.
a phn cc khong vt amphibol kt tinh h
n nghing v mt s h thoi, phn b rng
ri trong magma v bin cht.
2-Khong vt nhm amphibol l: hornblend,
glaucophan, arfvedsonit.
3-Thnh thong thut ng cng dng cho
hornblend etymol : amphibol Hy Lp -
ambiguous, doubtful..
27
 amphibolitization [644] : amphibol ha.
Sn phm do bin i to thnh amphibol.
amphidont [645] : bn l rng kp (cs).
Bn l ca mt lp Ostracoda gm ba yu t,
trong yu t cui l rng (hoc hc rng
mnh v i din) v yu t gia c chia
thnh hc trc v mt g (hoc mt rng v
mt rnh mnh v i din).
amphidromic system [646] : h thng
triu qun.
H thng tc ng ca thy triu, trong
sng triu quay xung quanh mt im hay trung
tm khng c thy triu hot ng.
amphineuran [647] : song thn kinh
(Amphineura) (cs).
Lp ng vt Thn mm c thn mng ph
bi tm phin lng khp vo nhau.
amphipod [648] : amphipoda (cs).
ng vt V gip thuc mt b c cc i
biu ging vi nhng dng Isopoda khng c v
cng v c cc mt bm trc tip, nhng phn
bit vi nhm ny l c th dt pha bn hn l
pha lng v bng. Tui: t Eocen mun
n nay.
amplitude separation [649] : phn chia theo
bin .
Trong giai on x l u tin, cc d thng
a cht (a ho, a vt l, v.v.) c th phn
chia thng qua gi tr bin d thng theo
nguyn tc 3 sigma.
amygdaloid [650] : amydaloit ( hnh nhn).
phun tro hoc xm nhp cha nhiu
hnh nhn.
anabranch [651] : nhnh vng ca sng.
1- Mt nhnh r ca sng chnh sau li nhp
vo on h lu; mt s nhnh vng ca sng
hp thnh cc vin sng. Thut ng c dng
ch yu Australia.
2- Mt nhnh sng b mt trong t ct pha.
anacline [652] : nghing pha trn (cs).
nghing ca din khp v Tay cun.
anadiagenesis [653] : mt pha trong qu trnh
thnh .
Thut ng ch pha kt nn ca qu trnh
thnh , trong cc trm tch ht vn hoc
trm tch ha hc thnh trong thi gian b
chn vi su (trn 10.000m).
n: middle diagenesis.
anaerobic [654] : k oxy, k kh (cs).
Sinh vt (nht l vi khun) c th sng trong
iu kin khng c oxy.
anaerobic decay [655] : phn hy k kh.
S phn hy ca cc cht hu c trong iu
kin khng c hay gn nh khng c oxy; cc
sn phm phn hy cui cng giu carbon.
anaerobic sediment [656] : trm tch k kh.
Trm tch giu vt cht hu c, c trng cho
cc bn trm tch trong s lu chuyn ca
nc b hn ch do s vng mt hoc gn nh
khng c oxy trn b mt trm tch, cn y bn
nc li giu sulfur hydro.
anagenite [657] : anagenit.
Mt loi cui kt x Bc Apennines.
Anahuac [658] : Anahuac (t).
Bc Bc M, Miocen (trn Frio v di
Napoleonvile).
anal cover plate [659] : phin y hu
mn (cs).
Phin che hu mn v ca ng vt Da gai
(Echinoderm), c th l mt trong nhng phin
nh a gic c th xe ra v che hu mn ca
ng vt lp N bin v c bao quanh bng
tm tam gic hu mn hoc phin tam gic song
song vi trc khp ca Bivalvia v gn vi
hng c mt ming hay hng v pha l
ming ca Foraminifera;
(dt) S di chuyn v pha trc hoc vng
u ca mt ng vt anterior side-pha trc
ca mt Conodonta, v d pha hng v chiu
cong ca mu rng nhn chnh (cusp) nhng
(thnh phn-element) Conodonta n gin,
hng cong ca rng chnh v nhng rng nh
trong cc (thnh phn) Conodonta phc hp
hoc u cui ca phin t do trong cc (thnh
phn) Conodonta dng tm.
anal deltoid [660] : tm tam gic hu
mn (cs).
Tm xen tia trn phn sau ca v N bin
nm di vng phin di ca tm ming hay
l ming.
anal fasciole [661] : vnh hu mn (cs).
G hnh thnh vng cun Chn bng do s
lm vo ca mi ngoi.
analbite [662] : analbit.
a hnh h ba nghing ca albit, trong Al-
Si phn b khng theo trt t, c to thnh do
albit b nung nng.
analcime [663] : analcim.
Cng thc khong vt NaAlSi2O6.H2O, l
zeolit ng thc, tm thy trong diabas v
basalt giu kim. n : analcite. (khng phi
zeolit chnh cng).
analcimization [664] : analcim ha.
S thay th feldspar hoc feldsparhoid bng
analcim, thng c trong cc thnh to giai
on sau magma.
analogous pole [665] : cc tng t.
Cc ca tinh th tr nn tch in dng khi
28
tinh th b nung nng hoc do gim sc p. Ca2Fe(PO4)2.4H2O.
analysis of variance [666] : phn tch phng anapsida [672] : khng h thi dng (cs).
sai. B st thuc mt phn lp gm nhng dng
Phng php thng k ton hc x l cc nh l ra cng vi mt s dng sng thi
kt qu quan trc ng thi ph thuc vo nhiu Paleozoi mun-Mesozoi sm.
nhn t. Phn tch phng sai c tin hnh anaptychus [673] : phin hm (cs).
khi cc nhn t c chia thnh cc nhm nh Phin c cnh trn nm phng cha thn
tnh. Phn tch phng sai nhm chn ra cc ca mt s Dng Cc , c l l mt phn hm
nhn t quan trng hn c v nh gi nh di ca con vt.
hng ca chng. Gi s chng ta c mt tp anaspida [674] : khng khin (cs).
mu chn ly t mt tp hp ton phn no ng vt c xng sng thuc mt b c
; 1, 2, ..., n. Ngoi ra : im c trng l khng c hm, mt l mi,
i = 1i 1 + 2i 2 + ..... + pi p + ei . y i=1, 2,..., n; hnh thoi v khin u tht li. Tui Silur gia-
{ ji } l cc hng s bng 0 hay 1, bit e1, Devon mun.
anastomosing [675] : phn nhnh ti ni
e2,..., en l cc sai s quan trc th mc tiu ca
dng.
phn tch phng sai l rt ra cc kt lun i n: brained steam.
vi cc {ei}, { i}. Tp { ji} s ch r cc nhn
anatase [676] : anatas.
t tng ng c mt v gy nh hng trong qu Khong vt h bn phng, mu nu, xanh
trnh tin hnh quan trc hay khng. Nu cc gi m hoc mu en: TiO2, dng ng hnh vi
tr { ji } bin thin trn mt tp hp lin tc th rutil v brukit, l sn phm bin i ca khong
c bi ton phn tch hi quy. Trong trng hp vt orthotitan.
ny s xc lp c mi lin h gia cc i n: octahedrite.
lng trong cc thc nghim, trong ji l anatectic magma [677] : magma nng chy
mt i lng c lp, k hoch thc nghim, ti ch.
{ i} l cc kt qu quan trc ca bin ph thuc Magma c hnh thnh do s nng chy ti
. Nu trong s cc { ji} l hm s ca hai ch ca cc c trc. Bng thc nghim,
dng bin s th c bi ton phn tch hip Vinkler (1969) chng minh rng cc c
phng sai. C th phn bit hai loi phn tch cha thch anh, plagioclas v cc khong vt
phng sai: phn tch phng sai mt nhn t cha kali bt u nng chy nhit 665-
(one- way analysis of variance) v phn tch 740oC di p sut 2000 bar.
phng sai hai nhn t (two-way analysis of anatectite [678] : anatectit.
variance). n: anova. thnh to t s nng chy thnh to
analytical geomorphology [667] : a mo t trc. n: anatexite.
phn tch. anatexis [679] : anatexis.
Mt nhnh ca a mo hc-ng ngha a S nng chy thnh to t trc.
mo ng lc. anatexite [680] : anatexit.
analyzer [668] : nicol phn tch. thnh to t s nng chy cc c
B phn phn cc, thu nhn nh sng sau khi trc. n: anatectite.
phn cc v biu hin tnh cht ca chng. anatriaene [681] : gai ba ngnh (cs).
Trong knh hin vi thch hc, n l nicol phn Gai ba nhnh ca Bt bin trong cc
tch (lng knh Nicol, polaroid). Khi y nicol nhnh un cong v pha nhnh chnh pha sau.
phn tch vo knh hin vi s to ra giao thoa anauxite [682] : anauxit.
nh sng. Loi st cha mt hp to kaolinit v silic v
anamorphosis [669] : tim bin (cs). nh hnh. n: ionite.
S thay i dn dn t dng ny sang dng anchi [683] :
khc, trong s tin ha ca mt nhm ng vt Tip u ng s dng trong thch lun vi
hay thc vt, v d mt ng vt Chn khp c ngha hu ht, hu nh.
thm mt t thn sau khi sinh n. anchor [684] : neo.
anandite [670] : anandit. Neo (neo tng chn t, neo bo v h o)
Mica khi tm mt ba, dn. Cng thc l bo v mi dc, chng lt cng trnh dng thp.
thuyt: Ba Fe3+2 (Si3 Fe1+3) O10 (OH) S. anchor bolt [685] : bu lng neo, vt
anapaite [671] : anapait. neo (cctr).
Khong vt mu xanh nht hoc trng-xanh: anchor branch [686] : nhnh mc (cs).

29
 Mc nh cong Trng tia thuc b phn
Phaedarina.
anchor plate [687] : bn neo (cctr).
anchor rod [688] : thanh neo (cctr).
anchor wall [689] : tng neo (cctr).
anchorages of rock bolts [690] : cng tc
khoan bt neo (cctr).
anchorate [691] : gai neo.
Gai xng ca Bt bin c mt tia di v hai
hoc bn tia ngn, cong li; gai mng rng ca
Bt bin. Ni v gai xng ca Bt bin c mt
hay nhiu mu ging nh mc neo.
anchored dune [692] : n ct n nh, n
ct trng thnh.
Loi cn ct trong hnh thi ca n khng
b cc tc ng ca gi sau ny lm thay i do
s kt gn ca ct hoc s pht trin ca thc
vt. n: fix dune; established dune; stabilized
dune.
ancient volcano [693] : ni la c.
ancylite [694] : ancylit.
Khong vt: Sr Ce (CO3)2 (OH) . H2O.
andalusite [695] : andalusit.
Khong vt h thoi, mu nu, vng-xanh,
hoc xm: Al2SiO6 ng hnh vi kyanit v
silimanit. Tinh th andalusit hnh lng tr, mp,
thng gp trong phin, gneis, sng, hnh
thnh p sut v nhit trung bnh to ra do
bin cht khu vc v c trng cho st b
bin cht-tip xc. Andalusit c tnh a sc
mnh, mu xanh-nu nht, l loi qu.
andersonite [696] : andersonit.
Khong vt th sinh, mu xanh-vng sng:
Na2 Ca (UO2) (CO3)3.6H2O.
andesine [697] : andesin.
Khong vt nhm feldspar-plagioclas, thnh
phn thay i t Ab70 An30 n Ab50 An50,
l thnh phn nguyn sinh ca magma trung
tnh, nh andesit v diorit.
andesite [698] : andesit.
phun tro sm mu, ht mn, tng ng
vi diorit, cha cc ban tinh ch yu l
plagioclas natri phn i (c bit andesin), mt
t khong vt mafic nh biotit, hornblend,
pyroxen. Nn ca c thnh phn khong vt
tng t nh thnh phn ca ban tinh, nhng c
kch thc nh v plagioclas thng acid hn so
vi ban tinh. Buch (1962) t tn theo tn dy
ni Ande, Nam M.
andesite line [699] : ng andesit.
ng ranh gii thch hc-a l gia basalt
ca lot Atlantic v cc andesit ca lot
Pacific. Ranh gii pha ty t Alasca n ng
New Zealand v Chatham Island i qua Nht
Bn, Marianas, Palau Islands, Bismarck
Archipelago, Fiji v Tonga group. Ranh gii
pha ng t r rng hn, nhng c th chy dc
theo b bin bc v nam Chu M. Khng thy
du vt nam Thi Bnh Dng.
n: Mar- shall line.
andorite [700] : andorit.
Khong vt mu xm-en hoc mu en:
PbAgSb3S6, quan h cht ch vi ramdohrit v
fizelyit. n: sundtite.
andradite [701] : andradit.
Khong vt st-calci v tr cui ca nhm
granat: Ca2 Fe (SO4)3, mu t vng, v xanh
n nu, en, thng xut hin trong vi bin
cht-tip xc. Cc khong vt ca nhm gm:
topazolit, demantoit, melanit, aplom v
bredbergit.
andrewsite [702] : andrewsit.
Khong vt mu xanh nht :
(Cu,Fe+2)Fe2+3 (PO4)3(OH)2.
anemoclast [703] : mnh vn do gi; vn
phong thnh.
Mnh vn b v vn v c tc ng ca
gi lm mi mn t nhiu.
anemoclastic rock [704]: mnh vn do gi.
Loi c cha cc mnh vn nguyn sinh
do gi.
anemosilicarenite [705] : anemosilicarenit.
Loi ct phong thnh c thnh phn silic.
anemousite [706] : anemusit.
Loi albit thiu silic.
aneroid barometer [707] : kh p k hp.
angaralite [708] : angaralit.
Khong vt nhm clorit, dng tm mng mu
en: Mg2 (Al, Fe)10 Si6 O29.
angelellite [709] : angelelit.
Khong vt mu nu-en nht: Fe4 As2 O11.
angle [710] : gc.
angle between two specific lines in a plane
[711] : gc gia hai ng cho trc trong
mt phng.
angle of dip [712] : gc dc, gc cm.
dc to ra gia nghing mt lp vi
mt phng nm ngang.
angle of friction [713] : gc ma st (cctr).
angle of incidence [714] : gc nghing
(cctr).
Gc nghing ch hng tc dng ca lc ln
mt phng ca mng hoc tng chn t.
angle of internal friction [715] : gc ni ma
st (cctr).
Ch tiu nh gi thnh phn ma st cng vi
lc dnh th hin cng chu ct ca t nn
hoc .
30
 angle of obliquity [716] : gc nghing (cctr).
angle of penetration [717] : gc xuyn, gc
xm nhp (cctr).
Gc nh nht gia mt mt phng cu trc v
mt ct a cht. C th so snh vi gc ln
chm trn bn a cht (Knutson, 1958).
Ss: angle of departure-gc lch.
angle of reflection [718] : gc phn x.
X: reflection, bragg angle.
angle of repose [719] : nghing n nh;
gc ngh.
1- nghing hoc gc ln nht m ti
cc vt liu b ri, ti xp vn trng thi n
nh, bn vng, thng l gc 33 37o trn cc
sn t nhin.
2-(cctr) Gc dc ln nht c th, do nhng
ht vt cht cng tnh cht, ri rc, khng dnh
kt, ng to nn vi mt phng nm ngang.
Gc ngh hi nh hn so vi gc ti xy ra
trt l (gc trt l), v thng nh hn gc
ni ma st ca vt cht t 5 n 10. Gc ngh
nhng mi dc t nhin thng thay i trong
khong 33 n 37, rt t khi di 30 v trn
39. Gc ngh ph thuc vo c tnh ma st ca
vt cht, v tng ln cht t khi kch thc v
gc cnh ca cc mnh vt cht tng ln.
Ss: angle of slide. n: angle of rest.
angle of rest [720] : gc ngh (cctr).
X: angle of repose.
angle of rotation [721] : gc xoay (cctr).
angle of shearing resistance [722] : gc
chng ct (cctr).
K hiu l , l gc ca lc chng ct xc
nh bng gc gia ng thng gii hn vi
ng trn Mohr.
angle of slide [723] : gc gy trt (cctr).
Gc dc nh nht to vi mt phng nm
ngang, ti cc vt cht ri rc (th d t
hoc bng tch) bt u trt; ln hn gc ngh
mt cht.
angle of slope [724] : gc mi dc (cctr).
angle of total polarization [725] : gc phn
cc ton phn.
Gc ca hai nicol trong knh hin vi thch
hc t v tr vung gc vi nhau.
angle of total reflection [726] : gc phn x
ton phn.
Tia sng truyn t mi trng chit sut cao
sang mi trng chit sut thp c gc ti nh
hn gc khc x. Khi gc ti ln dn n gi tr
gc ti hn () th gc khc x gn n 90o. Nu
gc ti hn ln hn (), tia sng khng sang
c mi trng chit sut thp m phn x ton
phn. Gc () l gc phn x ton phn.
angle of true internal friction [727] : gc ni
ma st thc ca t nn hoc (cctr).
angle of ultimate stability [728] : gc n nh
ti hn; gc dc ti hn (cctr).
angle of unconformity [729] : gc khng
chnh hp.
Gc gia hai mt lp nm trn v di mt
khng chnh hp.
angle of wall friction [730] : gc ma st gia
t v tng chn (cctr).
anglesite [731] : anglesit.
Khong vt h thoi mu trng: PbSO4, l
khong vt th sinh c thnh to do oxy ha
galen v l khong vt qung ch c gi tr.
n: lead vitriol; lead spar.
angstrom [732] : angstrom ().
n v o chiu di nh bng 1.10-10m
(0,1 nanomet).
angular [733] : gc cnh.
Loi ht vn trm tch c gc cnh sc,
khng th hin tc ng ca s mi mn.
angular constant [734] : hng s gc.
Gc to bi gia trc ta kt tinh (, , )
v on thng tng i ca cnh tinh th ct
trn trc ta a:b:c.
angular cross bedding [735] : s khng chnh
hp gc.
S khng chnh hp gia hai tp trong
cc b mt phn lp ca chng khng song song
vi nhau, cc c hn nm di c th nm
nghing vi nhng gc khc nhau so vi cc
tr hn nm trn. n: angular discordance;
clinounconformity; structural unconformity;
orogenic unconformity.
angular discordance [736] : khng chnh hp
gc, khng khp.
X: angular unconformity.
angular displacement [737] : chuyn v gc.
angular spreading [738] : tch gin gc.
S tng trng ngang ca i dng nt tch
khi v tr ban u.
angular unconformity [739] : khng chnh
hp gc.
Th nm ca nm trn v nm di mt
khng chnh hp to thnh mt gc.
anhedral [740] : tha hnh.
1-Thut ng ch nhng tinh th khng pht
trin cc mt thc ca n hoc c dng v nh,
dng trn, xen lp vo gia cc ht khong vt
bn cnh dng kt tinh hoc ti kt tinh;
2-Nhng mnh vn ring bit khng kt tinh;
3-Thut ng u tin c s dng cho
xenomorphic v allotriomorphic do Cross v
31
nhng ngi khc xut nm 1906.
anhedral crystal [741] : tinh th tha hnh.
X: allmorphism.
anhsotropy [742] : tnh khng ng hng,
tnh d hng (cctr).
iu kin c nhng c tnh khc nhau
theo cc hng khc nhau, th d cc tng t
truyn dn sng m thanh vi nhng tc khc
nhau theo hng dc v hng ngang.
anhydrite [743] : anhydrit.
Khong vt sulfat calci khan: CaSO4, tiu
biu l thch cao khng cha nc, kt tinh v
bin i, tinh h khc nhau (anhydrit h thoi) v
cng hn; kh tan hn thch cao. Anhydrit
thng c mu trng, dng ht n dng khi
c st, dng va trong trm tch, kt hp vi
thch cao v halit trong b mt nc.
n: cube spar.
anhydrock [744] : anhydrit.
Loi trm tch c thnh phn ch yu l
anhydrit.
anhydrous [745] : khng ngm nc.
Magma hay cc khong vt hon ton khng
c nc. Khong vt trong lin kt ha hc ca
n.
anicenter [746] : i tm.
im trn b mt Tri t i xng theo trc
bn knh vi tm ng t.
anidiomorphic [747] : tha hnh.
X: xenomorphic.
anilite [748] : anilit.
Khong vt: Cu7 S4.
Animikie [749] : Animikie (t).
Thng khu vc ca gii Proterozoi Canada,
cng c gi l Animik.
anion [750] : anion.
anion exchange [751] : trao i anion.
S thay th anion trn b mt mt cht rn
bng anion khc trong dung dch.
Anisian [752] : Anisi (t).
Bc do Mojsisovics, Waagen, Diener (1895)
thnh lp theo sng Anisus vng Alps, l bc
ca thi a tng quc t, phn thp ca Trias
trung (trn Scythi hoc Olenek v di Ladin).
anisodesmic [753] : d lin kt.
Thut ng ni v tinh th, trong sc ht
ca nhng ion c cng khng bng nhau.
Ss: isodesmic.
anisometric [754] : khng ng thc.
Thut ng ni v tinh th c kch thc
khng bng nhau. Ngn: equal, isometric.
anisomyarian [755] : Hai mnh khng u c,
(nhm) Hai mnh khng u c (cs).
Ni v loi Hai mnh c c ng trc gim
thoi mnh hoc khng c; (dt) loi Hai mnh
c c ng trc nh vy.
anisotropic [756] : khng ng hng, d
hng, khc hng (cctr).
C c tnh l hc thay i theo hng. Tt
c cc loi tinh th u khng ng hng v
mt s c tnh, th d: s lan truyn sng m
thanh. Tuy nhin, tr mt s trng hp c
nu r, thut ng ny c lin quan ti nhng c
tnh quang hc. Vi ngha , tt c cc loi
tinh th, tr nhng tinh th thuc h ng
hng, u l d hng. Ngn : isotropic.
n: aeolotropic.
anisotropic soils [757] : t d hng (cctr).
t c tnh cht thay i theo cc hng
khc nhau.
anisotropic strength criteria [758] : tiu
chun sc bn d hng (cctr).
anisotropy in the uniaxial compressive
strength test [759] : tnh d hng trong th
nghim nn n trc (cctr).
C th xc nh tnh bn d hng ca mu
t bng th nghim nn n trc vi cc
mu li khoan to nhng gc khc nhau i vi
mt mt gim yu no , th d mt phn
phin, th ch, mt phn lp. Sc bn thng
thp nht khi mt gim yu to mt gc khong
30 so vi hng cht ti, v ln nht khi mt
gim yu song song, hoc vung gc vi hng
cht ti.
ankaramite [760] : ankaramit.
Mt loi basalt cha nhiu ban tinh
pyroxen (titanaugit) v olivin. Nn ca gm
ch yu microlit pyroxen (ging ban tinh) v
mt t plagioclas bas, biotit, apatit, khong vt
ti mu v manhetit, t tn theo vng
Ankaramy, Malagasy.
ankerite [761] : ankerit.
Khong vt giu st mu trng, hoc xm
nht, quan h vi dolomit :
Ca(Fe,Mg,Mn) (CO3)2, lin kt vi qung st
v c dng mch, vt liu ph trong va than.
n: ferroan dolomite; cleat spar.
annabergite [762] : annabergit.
Khong vt mu xanh to:
(Ni,Co)3(AsO4)2.8H2O, ng hnh vi
erythrit, dng kt v, sn phm bin i ca
arsen nickel. n : nickel bloom, nickel ocher.
annelid [763] : giun t vng (Annelida) (cs).
ng vt khng xng sng dng giun thuc
mt ngnh c trng l c th phn t c u
v phn ph phn bit. V chng thiu cu trc
khung xng (tr hm chitin) nn thng c
bit l ha thch qua hang v vt b
32
ca chng.
annerodite [764] : annerodit.
Khong vt c thnh to do nhng tinh th
columbit kt hp vi samarskit, mu en.
annite [765] : annit.
Loi mica khi tm mt ba, c cng thc l
thuyt : KFe3+2(Si3,Al1)O10(OH, F)2.
annual flood [766] : l nm.
1- Lu lng nc ln nht trong nm thy
vn.
2- L t hoc vt tr s trung bnh mt ln
trong nm.
annual layer [767] : lp mt nm.
Lp trm tch c thnh to trong thi gian
mt nm.
annular drainage pattern [768] : s (hoc
m hnh) mng sng hnh khuyn.
Mng sng hnh thnh do qu trnh xm thc
bc l lp trm tch c cng khc nhau bao
quanh bn trng cu trc dng vm.
annular lobe [769] : thy vng (cs).
Mt thy lng th yu gia thy trong
chnh ca ng khu v Nautiloidea.
anomalous dispersion [770] : khuch tn
d thng.
Hiu ng khuch tn c bit ca mt phn
t xut hin khi chiu di bc sng ca tia X
tc ng ln gn ngng hp th t nhin ca
nguyn t. Cc yu t ri rc ca mt nguyn t
bnh thng c th c chun hn cho cc
khuch tn d thng s dng lm cc yu t
chun c lit k trong bng quc t v tinh
th hc tia X.
anomalous lead [771] : ch d thng.
Loi ch m t s ng v xc nh c tui c
hn hoc tr hn so vi khong vt hoc
mang ch.
anomaly [772] : d thng.
Tr s khc vi tr s bnh qun ca mi
trng xung quanh n.
anomite [773] : anomit.
Mt dng ca biotit, ch khc biotit v tnh
cht quang hc.
anomoclone [774] : gai nhnh d thng (cs).
Gai lin kt ca Bt bin gm mt nhnh gai
ngn v vi nhnh gai di hn cha ra theo
nhng hng khc nhau.
anomodontia [775] : Rng d (Anomodontia)
(cs).
Mt phn b ca B st thuc b Therapsida.
Chuyn ha cao cho thch nghi vi li sng n
c, cng vi mt s dng c ln c v ngoi rt
c xa. Tui: t Permi mun n Trias mun.
anomphalous [776] : khng c rn (cs).
Ni v v ca Chn bng cun cht n mc
khng cn rn.
anorogenic [777] : phi to ni, khng to ni.
Khng lin quan n pha to ni. V d vng
phi to ni (anorogenic area), thi gian phi to
ni (anorogenic time), granit phi to ni
(anorogenic granite).
anorthic [778] : anorthic.
Thut ng ni v tinh th c trc kt tinh
khng bng nhau, nh tinh th h ba nghing.
anorthite [779] : anorthit.
Khong vt h ba nghing mu trng hoc
xm nht, ca nhm feldspar - plagioclas:
CaAl2Si2O8. Anorthit l loi khong vt basic
ca nhm plagioclas, thnh phn ca n thay
i t Ab10An90 n Ab0An100. Anorthit c trong
magma basic v siu basic (gabbro, norit,
anorthosit) thnh thong tinh th ny c dng
tinh m trong tuf, nhng him v rt him
trong cc bin cht (skarn). n: feldspar
calci-calciclas. Khong vt feldspar calci sch
v tr cui ca lot plagioclas.
anorthitfels [780] : anorthifels.
n: anorthitite.
anorthitissite [781] : anorthitisit.
Hornblendit cha anorthit. Thut ng c.
anorthitite [782] : anorthitit.
magma gm ch yu l anorthit.
n: calciclasite; anorthitfels.
anorthoclase [783] : anorthoclas.
Khong vt h ba nghing ca nhm feldspar
kim: (Na, K) (Al Si3 O8), l loi feldspar giu
natri (Or40 Ab60 n Or10 Ab90), c sai lch so
vi h i xng n nghing v gm nhng ht
pht trin hon chnh xen ln nhau, phn b
rng ri phn nn ca phun tro sng mu.
Anorthoclas cng c thnh to do s kt hp
cc pha Or v Ab khng n nh nhit no
. Ss: orthoclase. n: anorthose; soda;
microline.
anorthoclasite [784] : anorthoclasit.
Trachyt gm ch yu l anorthoclas. Thut
ng khng nn dng.
anorthose [785] : anorthos.
X: anorthoclase.
anorthosite [786] : anorthosit.
1- Theo phn loi ca IUGS l xm nhp
vi Q nm trong khong gia 0 v 5, P/(A+P)
ln hn 90 v M nh hn 10.
2- Nhm xm nhp ch yu l n
khong, hu ht l feldspar plagioclas thng l
labradorit nhng cng c th giu Ca nh
bytownit hoc giu Na nh andesin hay
oligoclas v mt t khong vt sng mu cng
33
nh bt k mt loi no trong nhm ny.
Anorthosit thng l cc th xm nhp phi dng
tng rng ln hoc cc xm nhp dng tng;
anorthosit c pht hin trong mu Mt
trng.
anorthositization [787] : anorthosit ha.
Qu trnh thnh to hoc thay th bi
anorthosit.
anova [788] : phn tch phng sai.
X : analysis of variance.
antarcticite [789] : antarcticit.
Khong vt: CaCl2.6H2O.
antecedent [790] : hnh thnh t trc;
tin sinh.
H thng dng chy, thung lng khng b i
dng hoc chch hng do cc hot ng a
cht sau .
antecedent stream [791] :
Sng, sui n nh trc khi c hin tng
nng cc b xy ra v o su lng vi t l
bng s nng ln ca mt t; sng sui tn
ti trc y so vi a hnh hin ti.
anteclise [792] : vng nn.
Cu trc dng hoc li rng ln (hng chc
n hng trm nghn kilmet vung) ca min
nn lc a c hnh thnh do chuyn ng
nng lu di qua vi thi k a cht.
antenna [793] : ru xc gic, anten (cs).
Mt trong nhng i chi cm gic pha
trc ca u ng vt V gip, nm sau ru I
v trc hm di; chi cm gic ca B ba thy
nm mt bng ca khin u, pha trc
ming; thut ng ny trc y cn dng ch
chn km ng vt Dng nhn do chng
ging nhau.
antennule [794] : ru I, anten nh (cs).
Ru xc gic nh ca i chi cm gic trc
nht trn u ng vt V gip.
anterior [795] : trc, pha trc, trc mt;
phn trc, phn u (cs).
(tt) Nm phn pha trc ca mt ng vt,
hoc gn hoc hng v pha u hay vng u
ca n, i din vi pha sau; (dt) Phn di
chuyn v pha trc hoc vng u ca mt
ng vt.
anterior lateral muscle [796] : c bn-
trc (cs).
C co mt s Tay cun khng khp nm
pha bn v trc c trung tm.
anterior side [797] : on trc (cs).
u pha trc ca mt Rng nn, c th l
mt cong li ca mu rng chnh cc yu t
Rng nn n, mt cong li ca mu rng chnh
v cc rng nh cc yu t Rng nn phc
hp, hoc u cui ca phin t do cc yu t
Rng nn dng tm.
anterior tubercle [798] : mu trc (cs).
Mu pht sinh nhiu ngun hay mu nh
vng pha trc v cng ca ng vt V gip
thuc phn lp Phyllocarida, theo mt vi tc
gi gm c "u mt" .
antetheca [799] : vch trc (cs).
Mt vch ngn tn cng ca mt Trng l, c
th l vch trc ca vng cun cui cng ca
v Triticites.
anther [800] : bao phn (cs).
Phn mang phn ca nh hoa.
anthoblast [801] : mm san h (cs).
Phn c s ca mt c th mt s san h
n th, t mt a ming san h tch ra
to nn mt c th mi.
anthocaulus [802] : cung mm san h (cs).
Phn c s dng cung ca mt c th mt
s san h n th, t mt a ming san h
tch ra to nn mt c th mi.
anthocyathus [803] : a ming san h (cs).
Mt a ming tch ra t phn c s ca mt
s san h n th v ln ln thnh mt c
th mi.
anthoinite [804] : anthoinit.
Khong vt mu trng: AlWO3(OH)3.
anthonyite [805] : anthonyit.
Khong vt mu xanh nht hi pha :
Cu(OH,Cl)2.3H2O.
anthophyllite [806] : anthophylit.
Khong vt h thoi, mu nu nh hng n
khng mu ca nhm amphibol :
(Mg,Fe)7 Si8O22(OH)2, ng hnh vi cuming-
tonit, v nu khong vt ny tng thm thnh
phn alumin th c xp vo gedrit.
Anthophylit thng xut hin trong siu
basic b bin cht, cng vi olivin hoc tal, hoc
trong tp hp n khong vt dng si.
n: bidalotite.
anthozoan [807] : San h (Anthozoa) (cs).
Rut khoang thuc mt lp bao gm san h
n th, san h qun th v polyp. Tui:
Ordovic n ngy nay.
anthracite [808] : anthracit.
Than bin cht cao nht trong carbon giao
ng t 92% n 98%, cng, mu en nh bn
kim, vt v v s, kh t chy v chy vi
ngn la xanh, khng khi.
n: hard coal; stone coal; kilkenny coal;
black coal.
anthracitic [809] : anthracit (tt).
dt: anthracite.
anthracitization [810] : anthracit ha.
34
 Qu trnh bin cht ca than bitum thnh
anthracit.
Anthracolitic [811] : Anthracolit (t).
Thut ng do Waagen (1891) xut ch
cc thnh to ca Carbon v Permi, c cc
nh a cht Php s dng ng Dng trc
1945, hin nay t s dng.
anthraconite [812] : anthraconit.
Loi vi bitum mu en, thng c mi
thi khi p v hoc va chm mnh.
n: swinestone; lacullan.
Anthropogen [813]: Nhn sinh; Anthropogen.
X: Anthropozoic.
Anthropozoic [814] : Nhn sinh, (thuc
Anthropogen).
Cch gi khong thi gian a cht xut hin
con ngi, cng l cch gi cc c hnh
thnh trong thi gian .
anti acid additive [815] : ph gia chng acid.
anticlinal spring [816] : sui np li.
Mch nc tip xc t lng dc theo np
li, ni c tng (lp) d thm nm trn.
anticlinal theory [817] : l thuyt np li.
Hc thuyt cho rng du m v kh c tch
t trong cc cu to np li.
anticlinal valley [818] : thung lng pht trin
dc theo trc ca np li.
anticline [819] : np li.
Np un c b li v pha trn, m t
cng v pha li cng c tui gi hn.
Ngn: synclinal (np lm).
anticlinorium [820] : np li phc.
Cu trc li ln c khu vc bao gm mt dy
cc np li, np lm nh to thnh.
Ss: synclinorium (np lm phc).
anticlise [821] : anticlis.
X: anteclise.
anticonsequent stream [822] : sng, sui
chy ngc hng (ngc dng) so vi dng
nguyn thy.
L mt sng con (sng nhnh hay sng ph)
ca mt con sng pht trin sau dc theo
ng phng ca cc lp kt cu yu hn. Th
d: Sng, sui chy theo sn dc ng Cuesta.
n: obsequence stream.
anticorrosive additive [823] : ph gia chng
n mn.
antidip stream [824] : sui ngc hng.
Dng nc chy theo hng ngc vi hung
cm ca cc lp trm tch.
antidune [825] :
1- Kiu cu to dng ngn la (Lamont,
1957).
2- Dng lp trm tch c thnh to do dng
chy c hng c nh v cng pha vi hot
ng ca sng b mt (Kennedy, 1963).
n : sinusbed.
antigorite [826] : antigorit.
Khong vt serpentin [Mg3(OH)4/Si2O5] dng
tm, mu nu n xanh (mu thay i tu thuc
vo s c mt ca Fe, Ni, Mn, Al hoc Cr).
antilogous pole [827] : cc i lp.
Cc ca tinh th tr thnh tch in m khi b
un nng hoc gim sc p. Ss: analogous pole.
antimagmatist [828] : ngi theo thuyt phi
magma.
n: transformit, granitizer.
antimonate [829] : antimonat.
Khong vt c trng dng phng x, gm
antimon v oxygen, nh swedenborgit:
NaBe4SbO7.
antimonite [830] : antimonit.
Cn gi l stibinit.
antimonpearceite [831] : antimonpearceit.
Khong vt: (Ag, Cu)16 (Sb, As)2 S11.
Ss: arsenpolybarite.
antimony [832] : antimon, stibi (Sb).
1- Nguyn t ha hc s 51, nguyn t lng
121,7610; t trng 6,691 g/cm3, thuc nhm
khng kim loi nng, chalcophil, c 2 ng v
bn v 42 khng bn. Hm lng Sb trong cc
(ppm): v lc a trn l 0,31; siu mafic 0,1;
gabro - basalt 0,2; granit - granodiorit 0,3;
phin 1; trong t 0,5. Cc khong vt tiu biu
l stibinit Sb2S3, kermesit 2Sb2S3.Sb2O3,
valentinit Sb2O3, cervantit Sb2O4. Phng php
phn tch: ICP - MS, ASS, INAA. Dng Sb trong
cc ngnh hp kim, cao su, pin, sn, s gm,
bn dn, y t, n dc.
2- Antimon, khong vt h su phng, kim
loi t nhin Sb, dn, d v, thng c trong
qung bc hoc qung thic.
antimony blende [833] : kermesit.
X: kermesite.
antimony bloom [834] : valentinit.
Cng thc: Sb2O3. n: valentinite.
antimony glance [835] : stibnit, antimonit.
Cng thc: Sb2S3. n: stibinite.
antimony ocher [836] :
Loi qung antimon oxid t sinh nh stibi-
conit hoc cervantit.
antioxidant additive [837] : ph gia chng
oxy ha.
antipathies of minerals [838] : phn on kt
tinh khong vt.
L thuyt v kt tinh phn on, qu trnh
kt tinh lin tc, s khng tm thy khong cch
ln trong s kt tinh ca khong vt.
35
 antiperthite [839] : antiperthit.
Mt loi feldspar kim ca pha giu natri,
pht trin song song, tng trng nhanh (albit,
oligoclas hoc andesin) kt hp vi pha giu
kali (thng l orthoclass). Ss: perthite.
antiplane components of stress [840] : thnh
phn ng sut ngoi mt phng (php tuyn vi
mt phng) (cctr).
antipodes [841] : im i chn.
Hai im trn b mt Tri t i din vi
nhau qua tm Tri t. Thut ng c m rng
v bao hm cho ton vng (khu vc) ti im
i din theo ng knh Tri t. V d:
Australia v New Zealand vi Anh quc.
antistatic additive [842] : ph gia chng n.
antithetic fault [843] : t gy i lp.
H t gy thun song song k nhau c
hng cm ngc vi hng dc ca cc lp
v ngc chiu vi t gy chnh.
antlerite [844] : antlerit.
Khong vt c mu xanh emerald n xanh
sm-nht: Cu3SO4(OH)4, dng tp hp hnh kim
trong qung ng. n: vernadskite.
antozonite [845] : antozonit.
Mt dng ca fluorit mu tm sm n bn
trong, en, khi p c mi thm do gii ta
fluor. Antozonit l sn phm do bn tia alpha
vo tp hp bao th uraninit v thorit.
antropogenic factors [846] : nhng nhn t
nhn sinh.
Nhng nhn t do hot ng ca con ngi.
n : man-made factors, technogenic factors.
apachite [847] : apachit.
Khong vt: Cu9Si10O29.11H2O.
aperture [848] : l, l ming, ming (cs).
L v Thn mm mt mnh. V d Chn
bng, qua phn u v chn c th th ra v
rt vo; l xuyn qua vch hoc i ca ng
vt Da gai, nh l ming, hu mn, v i khi
c l thot nc v l sinh sn; l v Trng l.
V d l thng ra ngoi ca phng cui; l
thng vo xoang ca V gip Criripedia; ht
phn v bo t l nhng ch mng i ca
mng ngoi to nn cc rnh, ng so v l.
aperture of discontinuities [849] : m ca
gin on (cctr).
apex [850] : nh, nh (trn) im, ngn.
1- (m) im cao nht ca qut bi tch
thng l ni sng sui to nn qut bi tch
nh cao t pha ni hoc t ni c cc vch hm
gii hn.
2- (cs) on nhn hnh thnh u tin ca
mt v hnh nn sinh vt, nh trn c; phn
hnh thnh u tin ca v mt Tay cun, t
mnh v pht trin ra xung quanh; on u
nhn ca mt s v Chn u thng hoc
cong nh.
3- (kt) Ni cao nht ca cc cnh hoc bn l
np un so vi mt nm ngang hoc l ra
bn ngoi.
aphanic [851] : kin trc ht mn; kiu kin
trc n tinh.
1- Kiu kin trc ca trm tch carbonat,
trong cc tinh th khong vt hoc ht vn c
ng knh di 0,01 mm hoc 0,005 mm.
2- Thut ng dng thay th thut ng
aphanitic.
aphaniphyric [852] : n tinh.
gm nhng khong vt rt nh khng th
phn bit c chng bng mt thng, m ch
phn bit c di knh hin vi. Cc ny c
kin trc vi kt tinh hoc kin trc n tinh.
aphanitic [853] : n tinh.
Mt loi kin trc ca magma trong
cc phn t kt tinh khng th phn bit bng
mt thng. C hai kin trc vi tinh v n tinh
cng thuc kin trc ny.
aphanocrystalline [854] : kin trc vi ht.
Kiu kin trc ca trm tch carbonat vi
cc tinh th khong vt c kch thc thay i
trong khong 0,001-0,004 mm.
n: extremely finely crystalline.
Aphebian [855] : Aphebi (t).
Phn v u tin ca s phn chia
Proterozoi lm ba Cadana, trc Heliki.
Ss: Hadryni.
aphotic [856] : bin su.
Thuc vng bin su hn 200m.
aphotic zone [857] : i khng c nh sng.
y bin hoc i dng khng nh sng
cho qu trnh quang hp (thng di 200 m).
aphroid [858] : kiu san h dng khi bt (cs).
san h dng khi c vch ngn ni lin vi
cc san h gip k bi mt i m bt.
aphthitalite [859] : aphthitalit.
Khong vt khi mt thoi, mu trng:
(K, Na)3 Na (SO4)2.
aphyric [860] : aphyr, khng ban tinh.
Mt loi kin trc ca magma ht mn
hoc n tinh, khng c cc ban tinh, do s ngui
lnh nhanh ca magma khi xm nhp vo cc
vy quanh hoc tro ra ngoi mt t.
aphytal zone [861] : vng y; i aphit.
Phn y h nc khng c sinh vt
sinh sng.
aphytic [862] : V thc vt (t).
Phn v c thc vt ca thi gian a cht,
nh du thi gian trc khi c cy ci.
36
 API [863] : Vin Du m Hoa K.
Vit tt t American Petroleum Institute.
apical [864] : nh, ngn (cs).
Nm , hoc theo hng, hoc gn nh
ca v, v d "sng nh", mt gai nh v
Trng tia Nassellina; cch xa ming ca ng
vt Da gai, xa ming.
apical area [865] : vng nh (cs).
Vng ct nhau ca rnh 3 tia mt bo t
ca thc vt c phi.
apical axis [866] : trc nh (cs).
Trc dc ca to silic c hnh lng chim.
apical system [867] : h thng nh (cs).
H thng phin s thy im i ming
ca chn mt v vng xen chn mt Cu gai,
i khi gm mt vng nh pha ngoi ca phin
mt bao quanh vng trong ca phin sinh dc
cng vi mt hoc vi phin ph.
apiculate [868] : c gai (cs).
S t im trn b mt ht phn v bo t,
gm cc gai ngn v nhn; ni v ht phn c
cc cc hi nh ln.
apjohnite [869] : apjohnit.
Khong vt mu trng nht, xanh nht hoc
vng : MnAl2(SO4)4.22H2O.
n : manganese aluni.
aplite [870] : aplit.
magma xm nhp nng, dng mch sng
mu, c trng bi kin trc ht mn, n tinh.
Cc aplit c th c thnh phn t granit n
gabro, song thut ng "aplit" thng c hiu
l mt loi mch thuc nhm granit (aplit
granit) gm ch yu l thch anh, feldspar kali
v plagioclas acid.
aplowite [871] : aplowit.
Khong vt: (Co,Mn,Ni)SO4.4H2O.
apodeme [872] : mu xng ngoi, mu
bm c (cs).
Mt mu mc bn trong t khung xng
ngoi ca nhiu ng vt Chn khp to ra
nhng im bm c, nh l s lm vo ca vch
thn nhm Dng nhn, s un vo pha trong
ca mnh cng ng vt Ming t
(Merostomata), s nh xung di ca phn
trong lng t ngc B ba thy hoc s gp np
ca khung xng ngoi ca ng vt V gip.
apo-epigenesis [873] : apoepigenesis.
Nhng bin i sau qu trnh to ca cc
trm tch khi b dch chuyn xa khi mi trng
tch t nguyn thy, nh khi chng nm di
mt lp ph c dy ln.
apogean [874] : triu nh.
Triu xy ra hng thng khi Mt trng on
qu o xa Tri t nht.
apogranite [875] : apogranit.
Granit b albit ha v greizen ha nm
phn ra v phn nh ca cc xm nhp, thng
cha cc nguyn t him (Nb, Ta, Li, Rb, Be,
Sn, W, Mo,...).
apogrit [876] : apogrit.
Tng ng vi thut ng graywacke.
apojhnite [877] : apojhnit.
Khong vt mu trng nht, xanh nht hoc
vng: MnAl2(SO4)4.22H2O.
n: manganese aluni.
apophyllite [878] : apophylit.
Khong vt: KCa4Si8O20(F,OH).8H2O.
Khong vt th sinh lin quan vi zeolit nm
trong hc basalt phong ha v cc magma
khc.
apophysis [879] : mu bm c, mu tia (cs).
Mu nh vo trong ca phin xen chn mt
vng ra ming Cu gai, c tc dng gn
c n Aristot; mu nm hai bn gai ta tia
Trng tia thuc phn b Acantharina.
apopore [880] : l thot nc (cs).
Ca ra ca knh thot Bt bin, nm hoc
bn trong c th (trn lp lt ca knh thot
rng hn) hoc trn b mt ca n, v trong
trng hp ny tng ng vi l thot nc.
appalachian relief [881] : a hnh kiu
apalachia.
a hnh ny c khng ch v mt cu
trc, pht trin trn cc un np, c c trng
bi g n nghing v cc thung lng sinh sau,
tng ng vi cu trc hoc bn vng khc
nhau ca .
apparent [882] : biu kin (cctr).
apparent crater [883] : ming ni la biu
kin.
H st ca ming ni la n hoc ming ni
la va chm, xut hin sau khi bin i hnh
dng ban u do cc qu trnh sau hnh thnh
nh st ln v trm tch ca cc vt liu c
phun ra trong thi gian hnh thnh ming ni
la; ming ni la ny c th nhn thy trn b
mt v kch thc o c lin h vi mt t
ban u. ng knh v su biu kin o
c da vo cc im cao nht trn nh b v
phn su nht ca h st quan st c.
apparent density [884] : mt biu kin.
Mt ca tnh c t kt qu o trng
lc trong l khoan.
apparent dip [885] : dc biu kin (gc
dc thy c).
1- Gc to bi ng nm ngang khng
vung gc vi mt sp lp ca hoc t gy.
2- Trong a chn hc, l gc hp gia
sng ti vi mt phn x. dc biu kin l
37
gc m tang ca n bng t s ca thnh phn
ng v thnh phn ngang ti v tr m mt
sng ti.
apparent extinction [886] : tt biu kin.
(kv) Gc gia mt trong cc trc quang ca
quang sut th (Ng, Mn, Np) v trc kt tinh no
ca tinh th. Trong thc t, vt cht kt tinh
thng khng xc nh c gc tt thc m l
gc tt tng i gi l gc tt biu kin.
apparent friction angle [887] : gc ma st
biu kin (cctr).
apparent optic angle [888] : gc quang
biu kin.
Gc quang hc xc nh c di phn cc
k hi t do nh sng xuyn qua tinh th b
khc x.
apparent resistivity [889] : tr khng
biu kin.
Tr khng ca t ng nht ng hng
c cng quan h in th/dng in o c.
apparent stress [890] : ng sut biu kin.
Sn phm ca hiu ng a chn v ng sut
trung bnh ca ng t.
apparent surface energy [891] : nng lng
b mt biu kin (cctr).
apparent thickness [892]:chiu dy biu kin.
Chiu dy ca mt phn v a tng hay mt
th dng tm, c o vung gc vi mt t.
X: vertical. Ss : true thickneses.
apparent velocity [893] : tc biu kin.
Tc chuyn ng ca sng a chn dc
theo mt t khi gy sng bng n mn.
applanation [894] : san bng, qu trnh to
ng bng.
Tt c cc qu trnh lm gim cao a
hnh ca khu vc, lm cho a hnh ngy cng
tr nn "ging ng bng". N bao gm s h
thp phn cao do xi mn v nng cao phn thp
do lng ng vt cht.
applicability [895] : kh nng p dng.
application [896] : p dng, s dng.
applied geology [897]: a cht hc ng dng.
Mn hc ng dng nhng lnh vc khc nhau
ca khoa hc a cht vo cc vn kinh t,
cng ngh, cung cp nc hoc mi trng; a
cht hc lin quan ti cc hot ng ca
con ngi.
applied geophysics [898]: a vt l ng dng.
a vt l dng trong nghin cu, iu tra,
tm kim thm d a cht v khong sn.
applied hydrogeology [899] : a cht thy
vn ng dng.
Cc lnh vc a cht thy vn phc v trc
tip cc mc ch kinh t - x hi, qun l ti
nguyn v mi trng nh: iu tra a cht
thy vn cung cp nc, ti tiu ci to t,
tho kh m, b sung nhn to nc di t,
quan trc ng thc nc di t, nghin cu
nhim nc di t, v.v.
applied seismology [900] : a chn hc
ng dng.
S dng sng a chn nhn to nghin
cu a cht cng trnh nh xc nh su ca
gc, t gy a cht, tm kim cc m
khong c gi tr kinh t nh mui, du m, kh
m.
applied stress [901]:ng sut tc dng (cctr).
ng sut pht sinh do lc tc dng vo mt
din tch mng hoc tng chn.
approximation [902] : xp x.
Thay mt i tng ton hc bng mt i
tng ton hc khc gn vi n theo mt ngha
no , nh bi ton nghin cu cc c
trng s hay cc tnh cht nh tnh ca i
tng ny, c th dn n vic nghin cu mt
i tng mi, n gin v thun tin hn. C
nhng ngnh ton hc c lin quan n vn
xp x nh l thuyt xp x hm, phng php
s ca gii tch. Trong a cht cng thng gp
bi ton xp x hm f(x) lin tc trn mt min
cho bng mt a thc i s hay a thc
lng gic gii cc bi ton khc nhau, chng
hn trong phn tch xu hng.
apron [903] : trm tch dng lp ph, rng.
Thnh phn gm bi tch, trm tch bng h,
trm tch gi, trm tch bin hoc cc trm tch
b ri t mt ngun ng nht v lng ng
chn ni hay pha trc sng bng.
n: frontal apron.
Aptian [904] : Apti, Apte (t).
Bc do d'Orbigny (1840) thnh lp theo tn
thnh ph Apte (Php), l bc ca thi a tng
quc t, Creta h (nm trn Barrem, nm di
Albi).
aptychus [905] : b phin hm (cs).
i phin i xng gip vo nhau theo mt
cnh thng nm phng cha thn ca mt s
Dng Cc , c l l mt phn ca hm di
ca con vt.
aquamarine [906] : aquamarin.
1- Loi beril, trong sut, mu xanh nht l
loi qu c gi tr.
2- Aquamarin cn c gi "aquamarin
chrysolit" l loi beril mu xanh nht,
"aquamarin saphir" l loi saphir mu xanh
nht, "aquamarin topaz" l loi topaz mu xanh
nht v "aquamarin tourmalin" l loi turmalin
mu xanh nht.
aquatic [907] : di nc, thy sinh (cs).
38
 Sng thot tin hay hon ton di nc, hay
trn mt nc; ln ln di nc.
aqueous ripple mark [908] : du vt ln
sng do nc.
Kiu du vt gn sng hnh thnh do tc
ng ca sng hoc dng chy, ngc vi kiu
hnh thnh do tc ng ca gi.
aquiclude [909] : lp cch nc.
Lp t cha nc rt km, khng c kh
nng to thnh dng chy vo ging c th
khai thc mt cch kinh t.
aquifer [910] : tng cha nc.
Mt thc th t c thm ln
truyn dn nc di t v cho php khai thc
vi mt lu lng c ngha kinh t bi cc
ging (l khoan) hay mch l.
n: water horizon; groundwater reservoir.
aquifer system [911] : h thng cha nc.
Mt th a cht khng ng nht gm vt
liu (t ) thm nc xen kp vi vt liu t
thm nc, hot ng nh mt n v thy lc
sinh nc quy m khu vc.
aquifer test [912]: th nghim tng cha nc.
Vic p dng cc phng php chuyn mn
nh bm, p, mc nc th nghim, o a
vt l, th cht ch th, phn tch mu, quan trc
ng thi,... nghin cu c im a cht
thy vn ca tng cha nc (tnh thm, dn
nc, nh nc, c tnh thy lc v thy
ng lc, tnh cht vt l v thnh phn ha hc
ca nc, v.v.
aquifer vulnerability [913] : nhy cm ca
tng cha nc.
Mc d b nhim bn ca tng cha nc
bi nhng tc nhn gy nhim t bn ngoi.
n: groundwater vulnerability.
aquifer vulnerability map [914] : bn
nhy cm ca tng cha nc.
Mt loi bn a cht thy vn chuyn
dng, trn th hin nhy cm ca tng
cha nc i vi nhng tc nhn gy nhim
t bn ngoi thng qua cc ch s nh dc
a hnh, thnh phn thch hc, chiu dy, tnh
thm nc ca t tng cha nc v lp ph,
chiu su mc nc di t, v.v. Cn c vo
mc nhy cm ca tng cha nc ngi ta
phn chia trn bn cc vng: cc k nhy
cm, rt nhy cm, nhy cm trung bnh, nhy
cm thp, nhy cm rt thp. Bn c s
dng vo vic bo v tng cha nc v lp quy
hoch khai thc hp l lnh th, phng nga
nhim nc di t.
aquiferous system [915] : h thng cha
dn nc.
Ton b h thng cha v dn nc gia ca
thu nc v tuyn dn nc to bi lp vt liu
xp rng, bao gm h thng thu v phn phi
nc. n: canal system.
aquifuge [916] : lp khng thm nc.
Lp t c cu to c st (khng c l
hng hoc khe nt) khng c kh nng cho nc
thm qua.
Aquilonian [917] : Aquilon (t).
Bc ca Php, phn cao nht ca h Jura,
tng ng vi Purbecki Anh, Obermalmi
c hoc Tithon ca thi a tng quc t.
Aquitanian [918] : Aquitan (t).
Bc do Mayer, Eymar (1858) xc lp,
Aquitan l tn Latin ca vng Garson Php, l
bc ca thi a tng quc t, phn thp nht ca
Miocen (nm trn Chatti ca Oligocen, nm
di Budigali). Trc y mt s tc gi xem
nh phn trn cng ca Oligocen.
aquitard [919] : lp t thm.
Lp t c thm rt yu (na cch
nc) ch c kh nng cho nc i qua vi tc
rt nh.
aragon spar [920] : aragon spat.
X: aragonite.
aragonite [921] : aragonit.
1- Khong vt h thoi, mu trng vng nht,
hoc mu xm: CaCO3, dng ng hnh vi
calcit v vaterit. Aragonit so vi calcit th c t
trng ln hn, cng hn v ct khai kh nhn
hn. Aragonit dng tp hp dng si trong va
thch cao v trong qung st.
2- Nhm khong vt carbonat h thoi bao
gm: aragonit, astonit, witherit, stontianit v
cerusit.
aramayoite [922] : aramayoit.
Khong vt mu en st: Ag (Sb, Bi) S2.
arborescent pollen [923] : phn hoa ca thc
vt thn g (cs).
Ht phn ca hoa sinh ra t thc vt thn g.
arc [924] : cung, khc cong.
X: island arc.
arc trench gap [925] : cung vc h.
Vng gia cung ni la v mng i dng
trn i ht chm.
ARC/INFO (USA) [926] : phn mm
ARC/INFO x l h thng tin a cht.
H GIS (Geological Infomation System) ni
ting trn th gii do ESRI (Vin Nghin cu
cc h mi trng) Co. Ltd (USA) sn xut.
arcanite [927] : arcanit.
Khong vt h thoi: K2 SO4.
arch [928] : vm ln; g.
1- Np li h trn quy m khu vc, thng
dng cho vm mng.
39
 2- Dng cu trc cong li ln, h ko di.
arch bridge [929] : cu vm (cctr).
arch dam [930] : un vng cung, p vm.
p () c xy hnh cung da vo tng
(vch) ca o hay rnh mng v mt li hng
ngc dng.
arch gravity dam [931] : p vm trng lc.
p vm xy rn (cng) c khi lng v
chiu rng y (chn p) kt hp vi cong
thit k to nn mt trng lc nht nh m bo thng c cng ngun gc hoc cu trc a
bn vng n nh.
arch of a roof beam in stratified rock [932] :
to vm trn hm o trong phn
lp (cctr).
arch pressure [933] : p lc dng hnh cung,
p lc tc dng ln mi vm (cctr).
archaeocyatha [934] : Archaeocyathida, dng
Chn c (ngnh).
archaeocyathid [935] : Chn c.
Dng sinh vt bin thuc ngnh Archa-
eocyatha c khung xng carbonat calci hnh
nn, ly c chn, l. Cch thc phn loi ging
nh cc ngnh San h, Hi min, ng vt
nguyn sinh v To vi, phn b Cambri h v
trung trn ton th gii.
n: pleosponge; cyathosponge.
archaeology [936] : kho c hc.
Mn khoa hc nghin cu v cc nn vn ha
c xa, cc chng tc v cc thi k pht trin
ca lch s bng s phc hi, phn tch khoa hc
cc di ch. Cn c vit l archeology.
archaeomagnetism [937] : c t.
Nghin cu t d t nhin ca cc lp st
cng v lava gn y xc nh cng v
hng ca t trng Tri t trong qu kh (ti
thi im thnh to ca lp st v lava ).
Archaeozoic [938] : Archeozoi; Arkei (t).
X: Archeozoic.
archaephytic [939] : thc vt Thi c (t).
Phn v c thc vt ca thi gian a cht,
nh du thi gian tin ho khi thy ca thc
vt, gm ch yu l To.
n: algophytic, proterophytic.
Archean [940] : Arkei (t).
Gii c nht thuc Tin Cambri, do Dana
(1872) xc lp, thng c xem l c trng
bi cc thnh to bin cht tng granulit,
amphibolit, b granit ho v migmatit ho mnh.
Archeozoic [941]: i Arkei, thuc Arkei (t).
Phn sm nht ca Tin Cambri, ng vi thi
gian thnh to cc Arkei c tui tuyt i
khong 3500-4000 triu nm n 2500 triu
nm. Cng c tc gi nh tui ln hn hoc nh
hn. Cn gi l Archeozoi.
archerite [942] : archerit.
Khong vt: (K,NH4)H2PO4 tm thy trong
cc hang ng.
archibenthic [943] : archibenthic.
Thut ng s dng ch h sinh vt bm
y i sn lc a.
arching [944] : to vm.
archipelago [945] : qun o.
Nhm cc o phn b tp trung gn nhau,
cht tng t. V d qun o san h, qun o
ni la.
archipelogic apron [946] : qut bi tch
bng phng.
Nn bi tch, rng, bao bc ca bin hoc
bao quanh qun o, o.
arcose [947] : arcos.
Tng ng vi thut ng arkose.
arctite [948] : arctit.
Khong vt: Na2 Ca4 (PO4)3 F.
arcuate [949] : cong, c dng vng cung.
arcuate delta [950] : chu th hnh vng cung.
Mt nh cao nhn ra bin hoc h.
arcuate fault [951] : t gy vng cung.
t gy cong l ra trn mt ct ngang.
arcubisite [952] : arcubisit.
Khong vt: Ag6CuBiS4 tm thy m Cryolit
Ivigtut, Greenland.
arcus [953] : di dy ca mng ngoi.
Di dy ln ca mng ngoi ht phn, ko
di t l ca vng ny sang l ca vng khc.
ardaite [954] : ardait.
Khong vt :
Pb20Sb12S34Cl8 hoc Pb19Sb13S35Cl7.
ardealite [955] : ardealit.
Khong vt mu trng hoc vng sng:
Ca2 (H, PO4) (SO4).4H2O.
ardennite [956] : ardenit.
Khong vt mu vng n nu - vng nht :
Mn4(Al,Mg)[(V,As)O4](SiO4)2.Si3O10(OH)6.
are [957] : a.
n v o din tch bng 100m2.
area [958] : vng, din tch.
area extraction ratio [959] : t s din tch
khai thc.
T s gia din tch c th khai thc trn
tng din tch khu m hoc thn qung.
area of faulting [960] : vng t gy.
area of influence [961] : vng nh hng.
Vng quanh ging khoan hay cng trnh
chuyn dng, mc nc di t h xung
hoc dng ln do bm hoc nc th nghim.
area of subsidence [962] : vng st ln.
40
 area ratio [963] : t s din tch, quan h
din tch.
area ratio of a sampling spoon [964] : t s
din tch ca dng c ly mu hay ng ly
mu.
areal [965] : vng, khu vc.
T tnh thuc v vng (bt ngun t ch
area), khu vc hay din tch. Ch khng c
nhm ln vi aerial.
areal geology [966] : a cht vng, a cht
khu vc.
a cht ca mt vng lnh th, c bit l
s phn b trong khng gian v v tr ca cc
n v a tng, cc c im cu trc v cc argil [979] : st, loi st trng.
dng b mt.
areal map [967] : bn khu vc, bn
vng.
Bn a cht ch phm vi v s phn b
ca cc th l ra trn b mt.
arenaceous [968] : ct, dng pxamit.
1- Loi trm tch hoc trm tch c thnh
phn l cc ht vn c kch thc c ct, hay c
kin trc ct.
n: psammitic; sandy; sabulous; arenarious.
2- Cc sinh vt pht trin trong vng ct.
arenarious [969] : ct.
To thnh t ct. Tng ng vi thut ng
arenaceous.
arendalite [970] : arendalit.
Loi epidot mu xanh m Arendal, Nam
Norway.
Arenigian [971] : Arenigi (t).
Bc do Sedgwick (1852) xc lp theo tn ni
Arenig, min nam nc Anh, l bc ca thi a
tng quc t, Ordovic h (nm trn Tremadoc,
nm di Llanvirni). n: Skiddavi.
arenilitic [972] : arenilitic.
cp ti, c c tnh ca, hoc ging vi
ct kt.
arenite [973] : arenit, trm tch ct.
1- Cc trm tch c thnh phn l cc ht
vn c kch thc c ct m khng tnh n
thnh phn to , v d nh ct kt, graywack,
arcose, v calcarenit.
2- Loi ct kt c chn lc tt, cha t
hoc khng cha vt liu nn, thnh phn
khong vt tng i n gin.
arenyte [974] : arenyt.
Bin th ca arenite.
arfvedsonite [975] : arfvedsonit.
1- Khong vt h n nghing mu en ca
nhm amphibol: Na2-3(Fe,Mg,Al)5Si8O22(OH)2,
cha mt t calci v a sc mnh, tm thy trong
magma giu natri. n: soda hornblende.
2- Loi khong vt xp v tr cui ca
nhm amphibol: Na3 Fe4+2Fe+3(Si8O22)(OH)2..
argentite [976] : argentit.
Dng ng hnh h lp phng ca acanthit:
Ag2S, ng thc, tn ti nhit trn 179oC,
chuyn thnh acanthit di nhit ny.
Argentit l khong vt qung bc c gi tr.
n: silver glance; vitreour silver; argyrite.
argentojarosite [977] : argentojarosit.
Khong vt mu vng hoc vng nht ca
nhm alunit: Ag Fe3 (SO4)2 (OH)6.
argentopyrite [978] : argentopyrit.
Khong vt: Ag Fe2 S3.
Mt loi st, c bit l loi st mu trng.
argilation [980] : st ha.
S pht trin ca caolinit v cc khong vt
st khc t qu trnh phong ha cc khong vt
alumosilicat nguyn sinh.
argillaceous [981] : cha st; c tnh st.
1- cp ti hoc c thnh phn ch yu l
cc ht trm tch c kch thc c st hoc vt
cht st. n: clayey; pelolithic; argillous.
2- cp v argilit.
argillaceous hematite [982]: hematit cha st.
Bin th mu nu n sm ca oxid st t
nhin c cha mt lng ng k st (hoc ct).
argillaceous limestone [983] : vi st.
Loi vi cha mt lng ng k (nhng
di 50%) vt cht st.
argillaceous sandstone [984]:ct kt cha st.
1- Loi ct kt khng tinh sch c cha mt
lng no st hoc bt mn.
2- Loi ct kt gn kt yu cha mt lng
ng k vt cht st c s dng trong sn xut
xi mng, nhng khng th dng lm vt liu xy
dng c.
argillic [985] : st kt.
Thut ng dng ch st hoc cc khong
vt st; V d "argillic alteration", trong mt
s khong vt ca mt loi c chuyn ha
thnh cc khong vt thuc nhm st.
argillic horizon [986] : tng st kt,
tng argilit.
Tng t b mt c s tch t ca st. dy
v thnh phn st ca n ph thuc vo dy
v thnh phn st ca tng eluvi nm trn.
argillic zone [987] : i st kt, i argilit.
i c trng bi mt t hp phong ha
thch anh-caolinit-montmorillonit-clorit-biotit
trong cc m qung porphyr (Lowell &
Guilbert, 1970).
argillite [988] : st kt, argilit.
L loi st nn chc, chc, cng, dao kh
41
vch, khng thm nc, cu to khi, vt v
nhn. Ty theo vt cht hn hp, argilit thng
c mu xm pht lc, en, vng pht nu. Di
knh hin vi phn cc, khong vt to ch
yu l sericit (ti 50%), ngoi ra cn gp
chalcedon, thch anh, feldspar, carbonat, vt
cht hu c, ht t 0,01- 0,05mm. Sericit t
nhiu th hin tnh nh hng.
argillith [989] : st kt, argilit.
n: argillyte.
argillization [990] : st ha, argilit ho.
S bin i hoc thay th ca feldspar
hnh thnh cc khong vt st.
argillyte [991] : st kt, argilit.
Bin th ca argilite. n: argillith.
argon [992] : argon (Ar).
Nguyn t ha hc th 18, nguyn t lng
39,998, thuc nhm kh qu, atmophil. Ar c 3
ng v bn: Ar36, Ar38, Ar40. Ar40 c ngun gc
phng x, l sn phm phn r ca K, do
c dng tnh tui ng v ca cc v
khong vt theo phng php K-Ar, dng Ar
trong cc ngnh in, hn, hunh quang.
Argon 40/argon 39 age method [993] :
phng php xc nh tui 40Ar/39Ar.
argutite [994] : argutit.
Khong vt c dng tinh th hnh thp: GeO2.
argyrite [995] : argyrit.
X: argentite.
argyrodite [996] : argyrodit.
Khong vt mu xm thp: Ag8 Ge S6, ng
hnh vi: canfieldit.
arhbarite [997] : arhbarit.
Khong vt: Cu2 (OH, As O4) 6H2O.
arheic [998] : khng c dng chy mt.
Vng c c im dng chy mt bng
khng, hoc lng ma t, nc ch ngm
xung hay bc hi.
arid [999] :
Kiu hay vng kh hu c trng cho s kh
nng, hn, lng ma khng cho s sng ca
cy trng, thng nh hn 25 cm/nm hoc t l
bc hi ln hn lng ma.
arid cycle [1000] : chu k kh nng.
Chu k xm thc trong vng kh hu
kh nng.
arid zone [1001] : i kh hn, vng kh hn.
1- Vng (i) kh hu c lng bc hi trung
bnh thng xuyn vt lng ma.
2- Vng kh hu lng ma khng
duy tr s sng ca thc vt.
Arikareean [1002] : Arikaree (t).
Bc Bc M, Oligocen thng (nm trn
Whitney, nm di Hemingfordi).
arinolateral [1003] : phin bn g (cs).
Phin nm mt s V gip Cirripedia, nm
hai bn ca g. n : carinal latus.
arithmetic mean [1004] : trung bnh cng.
C c bng cch ly tng ca cc tr s v
chia cho n s tr s o c hay thu thp
c, thng c gi l Mean. Trung bnh
cng l c lng ca k vng ton hc. Gi tr
trung bnh s hc ca tp hp Xi i=1,2,3,...,n.
1 n
X = Xi
n i =1
. n : average.
arithmetic mean diameter [1005] : ht
trung bnh.
Thut ng dng th hin kch thc ht
trung bnh ca mt trm tch hoc trm tch
nhn c t tng ca nhng im gia cc cp
ht v tn s ht trong mi cp ht chia cho
tng tn s.
arizona rubi [1006] : rubi arizon.
Thut ng ch pyrop mu m, ngun gc
magma.
arizonite [1007] : arizonit.
1- Khong vt cn nghi ng: Fe2Ti3O9, tm
thy trong mch pegmatit gn Hackberry, Ariz.
Ss: kalkowskite; pseudorutile.
2- L hp cht ca hematit rutil, ilmenit v
anatas.
3- Loi qung pht hin Yavapai County,
Ariz trong qung mica, bc, vng, sulfua st v
antimon.
arkose [1008] : arkos.
L loi a khong mu xm trng pht
hng, cu to khi rn chc. Di knh hin vi
phn cc, c chn lc km, ht vn
thng sc cnh hay na trn cnh; thnh phn
khong vt ca ht vn ch yu gm: thch anh
(<50%), feldspar thng l feldspar kali v
plagioclas acid (50-90%) v mt lng ng k
cc mnh vn cha silic, quartzit, granitoid,
cc khong vt ph: mica, turmalin, zircon,
apatit, v.v. Thnh phn nn v xi mng gn kt
thng l sn phm ph hy ca ht vn, nh
sericit, caolinit, calcit, silic, v.v.
arkosic arenite [1009] : ct kt arkos.
Loi ct kt giu thch anh, phin silic v
quartzit, cha khng qu 10% nn st, trn 25%
feldspar (ch yu l cc feldspar kali v natri
cha b bin i), c trng bi s c mt mt
lng ng k vt liu km vng bn, trong
cc ht feldspar nhiu hn cc mnh vn .
arkosic bentonite [1010] : bentonit arkos.
Loi bentonit cha 25-75% tp cht ct; loi
bentonit c ngun gc t tro ni la, trong
cc ht kt tinh hu ht cha b bin i.
42
 arkosic conglomerate [1011] : cui kt arkos.
Loi cui kt chn lc km cha cc mnh
cui t granit trong mt vng c ch hot
ng kin to tch cc, c nc sng vn
chuyn v c vi lp nhanh trong mt bn
trng; loi arcos c cha cc mnh cui
granit phn b ri rc hoc cha cc thu knh
cui granit. Nn ct v bt c thnh phn l
arcos, cha cc ht thch anh v feldspar v mt
lng st caolinit mn. Loi ny to nn cc
thnh to hnh nm, dy ln v thng xen
lp vi cc ct kt arcos.
n: granite-pebble conglomerate.
arkosic graywacke [1012] : grauvac arkos.
Loi graywack giu vt liu km bn vng
phong ha. c bit l loi ct kt, trong
hm lng cc ht feldspar nhiu hn cc mnh
vn ht mn, thnh phn feldspar trn 25%
(William et al., 1954).
arkosic limestone [1013] : vi arkos.
Loi vi khng tinh sch c cha mt
lng ng k cc ht hay tinh th feldspar,
hoc di dng ht vn hoc c thnh to
ti ch.
arkosic sandstone [1014] : ct kt arkos.
Loi ct kt cha mt lng ng k
feldspar, nh ct kt cha cc khong vt t cc
thch anh-feldspar ht th (granit,
granodiorit, gneis) hoc t cc trm tch giu
feldspar; V d: ct kt cha trn 25%
feldspar v di 20% vt liu nn l st,
sericit, clorit.
arkosic wacke [1015] : wacke arkos, t
huyn arkos.
Loi ct kt giu thch anh, phin silic v
quartzit, trn 10% nn st, v trn 25% feldspar
(ch yu feldspar kali v natri), c c trng
bi s c mt mt lng ng k cc vt liu
km vng bn phong ha, trong cc ht
feldspar c hm lng vt tri so vi cc mnh
ht mn.
arkosite [1016] : arkosit.
Loi quartzit cha mt lng ng k
feldspar.
arm [1017] : nhnh ni.
1- Mt sng ni hay nhnh ni ko di t
dy ni.
2- Mt vt hay mt di xut pht t mt n
(cn) ct c dng parabn.
armalcolite [1018] : armalcolit.
Khong vt nhm pseudobrukit :
(Mg,Fe)Ti2O5 do tu v tr Apollo II mang
v t Mt trng.
armenite [1019] : armenit.
Khong vt: BaCa2Al6Si8O28.2H2O.
armorican orogeny [1020] : to ni armori.
Tn ca giai on to ni din ra Ty u
vo cui Paleozoi, ng vi to ni Hercyni hoc
Varisci.
armstrongite [1021] : armstrongit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
CaZrSi6O15.2,5H2O.
arpoid [1022] : a dng qu bin (cs).
ng vt Da gai kiu khng ta tia, c mt
rnh chn mt v mt m xng vi bng calcit
kt tinh c vi cu trc dng mt li.
array [1023] : h thit b.
S sp xp cc cng c a vt l thu s
hiu o.
arrojadite [1024] : arojadit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu xanh m :
Na2(Fe,Mn)5(PO4)4, cng cu trc vi
dickinsonit.
arroyd [1025] : knh, mng nh.
vng ty nam Hoa K, ni kh hu kh
hn. Thut ng ch knh, mng nh, y phng
v su hoc khe xi, mng xi hoc sui theo
ma; thng kh, vch dc c cu thnh bi
cc vt liu cha gn kt.
arsenate [1026] : arsenat.
Khong vt c trng bi thnh phn Arsen
ha tr 5 v oxygen trong anion: Pb5 (As O4)3Cl.
Ss: phosphate; vanadate.
arsenbrackebuschite [1027] : arsenbrac-
kebushit.
Khong vt: Pb2 (Fe, Zn) (OH, H2O) (AsO4)2.
arsendescloizite [1028] : arsendescloizit.
Khong vt: PbZn(AsO4)(OH), cha arsenat
tng t vi descloizit.
arsenic [1029] : arsen (As), thch tn.
1-Tn Latinh l arsenicum. Nguyn t ha
hc s 33, nguyn t lng 74,9216; t trng
5,73 g/cm3 (mu xm), 5,97 g/cm3 (mu vng);
c mt ng v bn v 24 khng bn, thuc
nhm khng kim loi nh (mu vng), nng
(mu xm), chalcophin. Hm lng (ppm) trong
v lc a l 2, siu mafic: 0,7; gabro-basalt
0,7; granit-granodiorit 3; phin 13; trong t
5; trong nc i dng 0,0037 mg/l; trong sng
sui 0,004 mg/l. Cc khong vt tiu biu:
assenopyrit AsFeS, realgar AsS (hng hong),
orpiment As2S3 (th hong), arsenolit As2O3.
c dng trong cc ngnh luyn kim, bo qun
g, bn dn, thuc sng, thuc tr su, pin,
dt may.
2-Khong vt h su phng, kim loi t
nhin As, rn, mu xm - thp, dng ht hoc
khi hnh bu dc.
arsenic bloom [1030] : arsenic dng t.
43
 X: arsenolite; pharmacolite.
arsenical pyrites [1031] : arseno pyrit.
X: arsenopyrite.
arseniopleite [1032] : arseniopleit.
Khong vt mu -nu nht, l arsenat bas
mangan, calci, st, ch v magnesi. Cng thc :
(Ca,Mn)3(Mn2+,Mn3+,Mg,Fe3+)4[(OH)4(AsO3OH)
(AsO4)].
arseniosiderite [1033] : arseniosiderit.
Khong vt mu nu - vng nht :
Ca3Fe4(As O4)4(OH)4.4H2O.
arsenite [1034] : arsenit.
Khong vt c trng c antimon ha tr 3 v
oxygen trong anion: Pb3 Mn (As O3)3.
arsenobismite [1035] : arsenobismit.
Khong vt mu xanh - nu nht :
Bi2(AsO4)(OH)3.
arsenoclasite [1036] : arsenoclasit.
Khong vt mu : Mn5 (As O4)2 (OH)4.
arsenocrandallite [1037] : arsenocrandalit.
Khong vt: (Ca Sr) Al3 H[(As, P)O4]2 (OH)6,
thuc nhm bendantit-crandalit.
arsenohauchecornite [1038] : arsenohau-
checornit.
Khong vt: Ni9BiAsS8 cha arsen tng
ng vi hauchecornit.
arsenolamprite [1039] : arsenolamprit.
Arsen a hnh t nhin, mu xm ch, trc
y cho l hp cht ca arsen v arsenolit.
arsenolite [1040] : arsenolit.
Khong vt h lp phng: As2O3, dng t,
mu trng, tch t trn mt v l khong vt thng c biu th bng kg/cm2 ti mt t,
ng hnh vi claudetit. n: arsenic bloom.
arsenopalladinite [1041] : arsenopaladinit.
Khong vt h ba nghing: Pd8 (As, Sb)3.
arsenopyrite [1042] : arsenopyrit.
Khong vt h thoi, mu trng thic, trng
bc n xm thp: FeAsS, ng hnh vi
loclingit. Arsenopyrit c ch yu trong kt
tinh, trong qung ch v bc v l khong vt
qung ch yu ca arsen. n: arsenical pyrites;
mispikel; white pyrites; white mundic.
arsenosulvanite [1043] : arsenosulvanit.
Khong vt h lp phng : Cu3(As,V)S4,
ng hnh vi sulvanit. n: lazarevicite.
arsenpolybasite [1044] : arsenpolybasit.
Khong vt : (Ag,Cu)16(As,Sb)2S11. Ss: anti-
monpearceite. n: arsenopolybasite.
arsenuranylite [1045] : arsenuranylit.
Khong vt mu cam:
Ca(UO2)4(AsO4)2 (OH)4.6H2O.
artesian aquifer [1046]:tng cha nc artesi.
Tng cha nc c p, khi c pht hin qua nc c th ngm vo tng cha nc v
bng ging khoan, mc nc dng cao trn mi
tng cha nc hoc trn mt t, c khi phun
thnh tia. X: artesian water.
artesian basin [1047] : bn artesi, bn t lu.
Mt cu trc a cht thy vn tp hp nhiu
tng cha nc artesi xen k, chng xp ln
nhau, c dng muna, np lm, np on, mng
nn hay n nghing, v.v. trong phm vi
phn b nc c p, khi c pht hin bng
ging khoan, nc dng cao trn mi tng cha
nc hoc trn mt t, nhiu khi phun thnh
tia. Mt bn artesi hon chnh bao gm 3 b
phn: min cung cp, min phn b p lc v
min thot.
artesian discharge [1048] : phun nc c p,
x nc c p (t lu, artesi) (cctr).
1- S tiu thot nc artesi. S xut l t
nhin ca nc t ging khoan hay mch l do
p lc ln.
2- X nc th nghim t chy. Phng php
th nghim ging khoan bng cch cho nc t
chy (p dng i vi ging artesi).
artesian head [1049] : ct nc c p (artesi)
(cctr).
p lc thy tnh ca tng cha nc phun.
artesian leakage [1050] : thm r nc c p
(artesi).
S thm r chm ca nc t tng cha nc
b chn sang cc tng chn.
artesian pressure [1051] : p lc nc t lu
(artesi) (cctr).
p lc thy tnh ca nc t lu (artesi),
hoc bng chiu cao (m) tnh t mt t ca ct
nc phun.
artesian province [1052] : vng phun nc
t nhin.
Khu vc c cu trc a tng, a hnh v kh
hu kt hp vi nhau to iu kin thun li cho
s tn ti ca mt hay nhiu tng artesi.
artesian spring [1053] : mch nc artesi.
Mch nc xut l t tng cha nc artesi
thng qua cc khe nt hoc "ca s" trong lp
cch nc ph ln trn. Mch nc artesi thng
thuc dng mch chy ln.
artesian system [1054] : h thng nc c p,
nc artesi, nc t lu.
1- Cu trc cho php nc lu gi trong mt
tng t dng ln trong ging hoc phun ln
dc theo khe nt.
2- H lin hon gm ngun nc, tng t
cha nc, b chn bi nhng tng t khc
c thm thu thp hn nhiu, v mt cu trc
b lu gi di p sut ln hn nhiu so vi
44
p sut kh quyn.
artesian water [1055] : nc artesi.
Nc trong tng t b ph bn trn bi
lp cch nc trong mt cu trc bn trng, to
cho nc c p lc. Khi lp ph b khoan thng,
mc nc dng ln trong ging cao hn mi
tng cha nc hoc cao hn mt t. C khi
phun thnh tia.
artesian weathering [1056] : phong ha
mch phun.
Phong ha ha hc do nc phun gy ra ri
di chuyn xung tng cha nh ct kt nm
trn mt khng chnh hp hay mt vng thm
dc b mt khng chnh hp.
artesian well [1057] : ging artesi (ging
t phun).
Ging khoan vo tng cha nc artesi, do p
lc mc nc trong ging dng cao trn mi
tng cha nc hoc phun ln mt t.
n: blow well; flowing artesian.
artesian-pressure surface [1058] : mt p
artesi.
B mt ni tt c cc nh p lc ca tng
cha nc artesi.
arthurite [1059] : arthurit.
Khong vt mu xanh to:
Cu2Fe4[(As,P, S)O4]4(O,OH)4.8H2O.
articulate [1060] : c khp, c t; Tay cun
c khp (Articulata) (cs).
Cc Tay cun c mnh khp vi nhau bng
cu trc b rng, v cc Hu bin c khp tay
phn d cao; cc Tay cun c cu trc rng khp
vo nhau nh trn.
artificial brine [1061] : mn nhn to.
mn do cc thn qung mui ha tan gy
ra trong qu trnh khai thc.
artificial radioactivity [1062] : phng x
nhn to.
Phng x ca cc ht tng hp nhn to.
artificially supported mining methods
[1063] : cc phng php khai thc dng tr
lc nhn to (cctr).
artinite [1064] : artinit.
Khong vt mu trng tuyt :
Mg2CO3(OH)2.3H2O, dng tinh th h thoi v
tp hp dng si.
Artinskian [1065] : Artin, Arti (t).
Bc do Karpinski (1874) thnh lp theo tn
sng Arti, ty Uran ca Nga, l bc ca thi a
tng quc t, Permi h (nm trn Sakmari, nm
di Kunguri).
arzrunite [1066] : arzrunit.
Khong vt mu xanh nht cha sulfat v
clorit ca qung ng v ch.
asbecasite [1067] : asbecasit.
Khong vt Ca3 (Ti, Sn) (As6 Si2 Be2O20).
asbestiform [1068] : dng asbest.
Thut ng ni v khong vt dng si,
loi asbest.
asbestos [1069] : asbest.
1- Thut ng thng mi dng cho nhm
khong vt silicat, c th tch ra thnh si chc,
mnh, do, chu c nng v khng b tc dng
ca ha cht, do asbest l loi vt liu thch
hp sn xut vi, giy, xi mng.
2- Khong vt nhm asbest, ch yu l
chrysotit (thch hp nht cho xe ch) v loi
dng si ca nhm amphibol (amosit,
anthophylit v crocidolit).
3 - Thut ng dng cho khong vt dng si
actinolit. n: asbestus; amiamthus; earth flax;
mountain flax.
asbolite [1070] : asbolit.
Tp hp khong vt xp, en, dng t, gm
oxid hydrat ca mangan v cobal, hm lng
ca cobal, i khi n 32% (hoc 40% oxid
cobal). n: asbolane; earthy cobalt; black
cobalt; cobalt ocher.
ascending spring [1071] : mch nc chy
ln.
Mch nc n t di ln, l ni xut l ca
nc c p theo cc t gy kin to hoc "ca
s" a cht thy vn.
aschamalmite [1072] : ashamalmit.
Khong vt: Pb6Bi2S9, c quan h cht ch
vi heyrovskyit v nhng pha khc trong lot:
Bi2S3-PbS, xut hin cng vi galen v cosalit.
Ascoceroid conch [1073] : v kiu Ascocerida
(cs).
V ca Nautiloidea c trng bi dng nn
ngn n nang vi phn sau phng, ng trc c
c hnh tr.
Ascocone [1074] : v kiu Ascoceras (cs).
V Chn u m cc vng trong thon th,
cong u, cn cc vng ngoi c kiu
Ascocerida.
aseismic [1075] : khng c ng t.
aseismic ridge [1076] : dy ni ngm phi
a chn.
Dy ni ngm di y bin, nm xa ranh
gii mng hin ti, do vy khng c hot ng
a chn (khc vi sng ni gia i dng c
hot ng a chn).
ash content [1077] : hm lng tro, lng
cha tro.
ash determination [1078] : xc nh tro.
ash flow [1079] : dng tro (ni la).
Dng chy st, nng ca kh v tro ni la,
45
thng chy theo sn ni la hoc trn mt t
theo ch thp hoc theo cc khe nt. Vt liu
rn cha dng tro thng khng c chn lc
v bao gm tro, x, bt v mnh .
n: glowing avalanke.
ash tuff [1080] : tuf tro ni la.
Loi vn ni la hnh thnh ch yu t s
kt gn ca tro ni la, v.v.
ashanite [1081] : ashanit.
Khong vt: (Nb, Ta, U, Fe, Mn) O8 cha Nb
tng ng vi ixiolit.
Ashby [1082] : Ashby (t).
Bc Bc M, Ordovic trung (phn trn ca
Chazya c, nm trn Marmori, nm di
Porterfieldi).
asheroftine [1083] : asheroftin.
Khong vt zeolit mu hng :
K Na Ca Y2 Si6 O12 (OH)10 . 4H2O.
Ashgillian [1084] : Ashgili (t).
Bc do Magg (1905) xc lp theo a danh
Ashgill ca Anh, l bc ca thi a tng quc
t Ordovic thng (nm trn Caradoc, nm di
Landovery ca Silur).
ashy grit [1085] : ct tro.
1- Trm tch vn ni la c cc thnh phn
mnh vn vi kch thc c ct v nh hn.
2- Loi trm tch c thnh phn l ct v tro
ni la.
asperities [1086] : nhm (cctr).
nhm (x x) ca b mt khe nt.
asphalt [1087] : asphalt.
Hn hp hydrocacbon mu en, dnh, gm 2
loi: t nhin v chng ct t du m, loi th 2
ny c tn ring l bitum.
asphalt admixtures [1088] : nha ng.
Cc vt liu h bitum khi trn vi t dnh
kt lm tng kh nng chng thm, gim m
v do , tng sc bn v kh nng chu ti
ca t.
asphalt conrete [1089] : b tng asphalt
(cctr).
asphalt rock [1090] : asphalt.
Loi c l hng cao, nh ct kt hoc
vi b asphalt xm tn t nhin. n: asphalt
stone; rock asphalt.
asphalt stabilization [1091] : n nh, gia c
bng nha ng (cctr).
asphaltic sand [1092] : ct asphalt.
Hp to t nhin gia asphalt v ct.
assemblage [1093] : t hp, tp hp, s
kt hp.
1-(cs) Tp hp ha thch, mt nhm ha
thch c mt trong cng mt mc a tng.
n: fossil assemblage.
2- T hp khong vt (mineral assemblage);
T hp bin cht (metamorphic assemblage).
assessment [1094] : nh gi, c lng.
assimilated [1095] : ng ha.
Dung dch to qung, cht to qung hnh
thnh t magma ti sinh trong v. Thut ng
c Smirnov dng u tin vo nm 1968.
assimilation [1096] : ng ha.
S hp nht v tiu ha cc vt cht th
lng, rn t bn ngoi tc l t vy quanh vo
trong magma. n: magmatic assimilation;
magmatic dissolution.
assise [1097] : tng, tp va.
Thut ng c Hi ngh a cht ln th II
ti Bologna nm 1881 cng nhn cho mt phn
v a tng ngay st di bc, tng ng vi
ph bc.
associated gas [1098] : kh ng hnh.
Kh t nhin hp to vi du m trong mt
tng cha, dng t do hay ha ln trong
dung dch.
associated mineralization [1099] : khong
ha lin quan, khong ha i km.
Khong ha c lin quan vi mt thnh to
a cht xc nh. V d: khong ha Sn-W-Mo
lin quan vi granit.
association [1100] : t hp, qun hp, kt hp,
lin kt, hi, hip hi.
1-(cs) Qun hp l mt nhm sinh vt (dang
sng hoc ha ) tn ti cng nhau do c i
hi v mi trng sng ging nhau v thng
c mt hay mt s loi chnh.
n : fossil association.
2-(th) T hp (rock asociation).
assorted [1101] : hn hp.
Tnh cht chn lc km.
assumption [1102] : gi nh, gi thit.
Assyntian orogeny [1103] : to ni Assynti.
Tn ca giai on to ni din ra Ty u
vo cui Tin Cambri.
astatic [1104] : phim nh.
Dng c a vt l khng c ngun pht lc,
nhng nh tng tc ca lc ngoi ghi nhn
c tn hiu.
astatic gravimeter [1105] : my o trng lc
phim nh.
Cng c a vt l o s bin i rt nh
ca trng trng lc.
astatic magnetometer [1106] : my o t
phim nh.
Cng c kinh in o trng c t
ca mu.
astatine [1107] : astatin (At).
Tn Latinh l Astatum. Nguyn t ha hc
46
th 85, nhm VII h tun hon Mendeleep,
thuc nhm halogen. Nm 1940, nh khoa hc
Hoa K D.R. Corson tng hp c At nh
phn ng ht nhn 209Bi+ 211At+2n. Tt c
34 ng v ca At u c i sng ngn ngi,
bn nht l 210At c chu k bn r 8,3 gi, t
ngi ta t tn cho nguyn t t ch Hy Lp
astatos c ngha l khng bn. Astatin th
hin tnh cht va ca phi kim, va ca kim loi,
l nguyn t nng nht ca halogen. Nh nhng
php o phng x t m ngi ta chng minh
c s tn ti ca At thin nhin, l s phn r
-ca ng v poloni (218Po) phng ra cc ht .
At c dng hn ch trong lnh vc hp ca
ha hc phng x.
asteriated [1108] : cnh sao.
Thut ng ni v khong vt, tinh th hoc
qu c cnh sao lp lnh bn trong chng.
n: star.
asterism [1109] : vt lane.
di vt nhiu x tia X-lane ca tinh th,
do bin dng kt tinh bn trong tinh th. ln
ca vt lane c xc nh bng gc rolid (gc
cng). Gc ny tng ln cng vi s tng bin
dng tinh th. .
asteroid [1110] : dng sao (cs).
Ni v mt san h Rugosa hnh khi trong
vch ngn ca mi pht trin y ,
nhng khng c tng ngn cch cc v c
trng bi cc vch ngn ca san h gip k
xp sp xen k nhau.
asthenosphere [1111] : quyn mm.
Lp bao bn trong Tri t ngay di thch
quyn. l mt phn ca Manti thng, ni
din ra s iu chnh ng tnh, c th pht sinh
ra magma v sng a chn b hp th mnh.
Thch quyn tri dt trn quyn mm (t ch
Hy Lp asthenes ngha l mm).
Astian [1112] : Asti (t).
Bc chu u, Pliocen thng (nm trn
Plaisanci, nm di Calabri). Tng ng vi
Redon.
ASTM [1113] : Hip hi th nghim v vt
liu Hoa K ti Philadenphia.
Vit tt ca American Society for Testing
and Materials.
astrobleme [1114] : vch lm chm do xm
thc c.
Trn b mt Tri t do va p ca cc vt
th v tr v thng c c trng bi cc
vng trn v cc b ph hy do va p mnh.
Di tch xm thc ca ming ni la do nc kh
quyn. Thut ng ni chung c s dng cho
cc cu trc n n, tui c, trong bt k
mnh c ngun gc ngoi Tri t no cng
u b ph hy.
astrogeodetic measurement [1115] : o c
trc a-thin vn.
o trc tip Tri t xc nh lch
thng ng t khi to thnh geoid v ellipsoid.
astrogeology [1116] : a thin vn hc (cvt).
Lnh vc khoa hc ng dng cc nguyn l
v k thut a cht, a ha, a vt l
nghin cu bn cht, ngun gc v lch s cc
cht rn v kh trong h Mt tri.
astrophyllite [1117] : astrophylit.
Khong vt :
(K,Na)3(Fe, Mn)7Ti2 Si8O24(O, OH)7.
asymmetrical [1118] : khng i xng, khng
cn xng.
Vt th khng c cc yu t i xng (tm
i xng, mt phng i xng, trc i xng).
V d: thung lng khng cn xng.
asymmetrical ripple mark [1119] : mc, du
hay vch gn sng khng cn xng.
Mt dng thng thng ca du hiu dng
gn sng c sn h lu ngn v thng lu
tng i di v dc.
asymmetric [1120] : bt i xng.
Thut ng ni v tinh th ca lp bn din
thuc h ba nghing, khng c yu t i xng,
tinh th khng c quy lut kt tinh.
asymmetric bedding [1121] : phn lp khng
i xng.
c tnh phn lp vi cc kiu hoc tng
thch hc c sp xp theo chiu thng ng
c tnh chu k, theo trt t 1-2-3-1-2-3-1-2-3.
asymmetric ripple mark [1122] : du vt gn
sng khng i xng.
Kiu du vt gn sng c mt ct khng i
xng, c trng bi dc cc nh sng ngn
v pha di dng v di v pha trn dng.
asymmetric valley [1123] : thung lng khng
i xng.
Kiu thung lng c pha ny dc hn
pha kia.
asymmetric fold [1124] : np un khng
i xng.
Np un c dc cc cnh khng bng
nhau.
at rest pressure [1125] : p lc t trng
thi ngh (cctr).
atacamite [1126] : atacamit.
Khong vt h thoi, mu xanh : Cu2Cl(OH)3,
ng hnh vi partacam v botalackit, v hnh
thnh do s phong ha ca qung ng.
n: remolinite.
atelestite [1127] : atelestit.
Khong vt mu vng: Bi8(AsO4)3O5(OH)5.
47
 athahascaite [1128] : athahascait.
Khong vt: Cu5 Se4.
atheneite [1129] : atheneit.
Khong vt h su phng: (Pb,Hg)3 As.
Atlantic [1130] : i Ty Dng.
1- Thut ng c s dng u tin chu
u, ch khong thi gian t Holocen (7500-
4500 nm trc y) tip sau Boreal v trc
Subboreal. Trong khong thi gian kh hu
m hn hin nay v m t.
2- (tt) Thuc i Ty Dng, v d kh hu
i Ty Dng, sinh vt i Ty Dng.
Atlantic-type coastline [1131] : b bin kiu
i Ty Dng.
ng b bin pht trin ni c phng
cu trc chung ca a hnh (nh dy ni) ngc
vi ranh gii lu vc bin hay i dng. ng
b bin kiu ny pht trin nhiu vng quanh
i Ty Dng, nh ng b Ty Bc Ireland,
ng b Ty Nam nc Php v Ty Ban Nha.
Ngn: Pacific-type coastline.
atlas [1132] : tp bn .
L mt quyn tp hp cc bn .
atmoclast [1133] : vn phong ha.
Mnh vn b qu trnh phong ha c hc
hoc ha hc trn lc a lm v vn ti ch.
atmoclastic rock [1134] : vn phong ha.
Loi mnh vn c thnh phn l atmoclast
b ti gn kt nhng khng b tc ng ca gi
hay nc lm xo trn.
atmophile [1135] : atmophil.
Cc nguyn t in hnh ca khng kh l
H, C, N, O, I, Hg v cc kh tr.
atmosilicarenite [1136] : ct silic phong ha.
Loi ct silic hnh thnh t qu trnh phong
ha v phn hy mt loi gc.
atmospheric pressure [1137] : p lc
kh quyn.
atmospheric radiation [1138] : bc x
kh quyn.
Bc x c pht ra t kh quyn theo 2
chiu: chiu pha trn i vo v tr, chiu pha
di thng xung mt t.
atmospheric water [1139] : nc kh quyn.
Nc hnh thnh v tn ti trong kh quyn
di dng hi (hi nc), lng (nc ma),
rn (tuyt).
atmospheric weathering [1140] : phong ha
b mt.
Qu trnh phong ha xy ra trn b mt Tri
t.
Atokan [1141] : Atokan (t).
Thng khu vc Bc M. Phn thp ca
Pensylvani trung (nm trn Morrow, nm di
Desmoinesi).
atokite [1142] : atokit.
Khong vt h lp phng: (Pd, Pt)3 Sn.
atoll [1143] : o vng san h.
m tiu san h vng kiu a hnh xut hin
gn nh di dng hnh trn trn bnh (i
khi hnh elip, hnh mng nga) v ta nh vng
hay chui cc o san h nh gn nhau; gia
chng l khong trn, khng c th nhng,
hoc o khng phi ngun san h. m tiu san
h vng c nc bin su bao bc (hoc sn
lc a). Vng cung m tiu san h vi ng
knh t 1km n hn 130km, thng gp Thi
Bnh Dng, n Dng,... V d o
Maldive n Dng.
atollon [1144] : qun o san h.
Thut ng c s dng o Maldive (n
Dng) ch m tiu san h rt ln gm
nhiu o nh hp thnh. Thut ng "atoll" c
dng t y.
atomic absorption spectrometry [1145] :
php o quang ph hp th nguyn t (AAS).
Phn tch cc nguyn t ha hc trong mu
trn c s lm bay hi mt lng nh mu trong
dung dch v kch thch m hi chng bc
x cc c trng trong nhng ngun phng in
mnh. Hm lng ca nguyn t t l vi lng
hp th nguyn t. u im ca phng php
AAS l tin thit b khng nhiu, vn hnh thao
tc my n gin, trong mt dung dch mu c
th xc nh c nhiu nguyn t, nng sut
ln lt mt ngy c th xc nh 500 ln
nguyn t trn mt my.
atomic absorption spectrophotometer
[1146]: quang ph hp th nguyn t k.
Thit b vn hnh v phn tch ph hp th
nguyn t.
atomic absorption spectroscopy [1147] :
php nghin cu ph hp th nguyn t.
Nghin cu ph hp th nguyn t bao gm
c qu trnh quan st, o c, phn tch cc ph
hp th nguyn t.
atomic absorption spectrum [1148] : ph hp
th nguyn t.
Ph hp th nhn thy c khi nhng
nguyn t khng b kch thch ca mt mu vt
bc hi v hp th mt cch c chn lc mt s
bc sng no ca nh sng i qua mu vt.
atomic clock [1149] : ng h nguyn t.
ng h phng x. n: radioactive clock.
atomic time scale [1150] : thang thi gian
nguyn t.
Thang thi gian a cht c xc nh trn
c s phn r phng x trong , khong vt v
48
c tnh theo nm.
atrypoid [1151] : Atrypidae (cs).
Tay cun c khp thuc mt h c trng bi
v c t im g hng tm vi mnh lng
phng hn mnh bng. Tui: Ordovic gia n
Devon mun.
attached dune [1152] : cn ct (n ct)
sinh km.
Cn ct (n ct) c tch t xung quanh
tng hoc quanh mt chng ngi no v
pha hng gi thi ct hoc c hai bn vt
chng ngi, kch thc v hnh dng
khc nhau.
attached ground water [1153] : nc lin kt.
X: attached water.
attached water [1154] : nc lin kt.
Nc cn bm vo thnh cc l rng trong
cha sau khi nc trng lc thot ra ht.
n: adhesive water; funicular water;
pendular water; pellicular water.
attakolite [1155] : attakolit.
Khong vt: (Ca,Mn,Sr)3Al6(PO4SiO4)7.3H2O.
attendant [1156] : km theo, ph tr.
attendant operation in geological
prospecting [1157] : cc dng cng tc thm
d a cht ph tr, cng vic ph tr.
T hp cc cng vic khc nhau nhm phc
v cng tc thm d a cht ch yu (sn xut
chnh), c tin hnh bnh thng (chy u,
khng ngng tr).
Atterberg limits [1158] : gii hn Atterberg
(cctr).
1-Cc gii hn trng thi ca t (rn, do,
lng,...) theo nh ngha ca Atterberg.
2-Ranh gii thnh phn nc gia trng thi
na lng v do, gia th do v na rn trong
mt trm tch. n: consistency limits.
attitude [1159] : v th.
V tr hoc th nm ca b mt cu trc so
vi mt ngang.
attle [1160] : ch san lp, san bng, lp
y.
attribute [1161] : thuc tnh.
Theo phng php lp trnh hng i tng,
i tng nghin cu trong a cht l cc m,
im qung. Cc m, im qung c th m t
c di dng cc lp i tng (class) vi
nhng thuc tnh ring (attribute) nh cu trc
a cht, v tr ca n trong cu trc chung
ca trng qung, vng qung hay khu vc
cha qung, v.v.
attrition [1162] : s c mn, s tiu hao.
Qu trnh tiu hao, mn dn do s c st, c
bit l b ti ra, b mi mn cc mnh do tri
qua cc qu trnh c xt, nghin vn, va p,
co xi,... kt qu lm cho cc ht nh dn v
trn cnh.
A type granite [1163] : granit kiu A.
Tn gi chung i vi cc granit thng
gp trong cc i rift v phn bn trong cc
mng lc a vng bn. Chng thng l cc
c kim trung bnh vi hm lng CaO v
Al2O3 thp; cc gi tr Fe/Fe+Mg, K2O/Na2O v
K2O cao; c cha thch anh, feldspar kali, vi
lng nh plagioclas, biotit giu Fe, v i khi
c amphibol kim. Tip u ng A c ngha
"khng to ni" (anorogenic).
aubertite [1164] : aubertit.
Khong vt :
Al(H2O)6Cu(H2O)1+2(SO4)2Cl. 2H2O.
augelite [1165] : augelit.
Khong vt khng mu, trng hoc nht:
Al2(OH)3PO4.
auger [1166] : khoan, mi khoan.
1- Dng c khoan g.
2- Dng c khoan t. C th s dng khoan
tay 1 trc ly mu khoan. L khoan ng
knh ln phi dng my khoan ng lc.
auger hole method [1167] : phng php ht
nc l khoan xc nh cc c tnh nc
ngm (cctr).
auger type bit [1168] : loi mi khoan t
dng gung xon (cctr).
augite [1169] : augit.
1- Khong vt nhm clinopyroxen:
(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe+3,Al)(SiAl)2O6, cha titan v st
ha tr 3. Augit c mu en, en-xanh nht hoc
xanh sm v l thnh phn ch yu ca
magma basic v bin cht. Dana (1892) dng
thut ng "augit" cho clinopyroxen vi cng
thc (Al, Fe)2O3, nhng cc nh thch hc khc
s dng cho khong vt c cng thc:
(Mg, Fe, Ca) SiO3. Ss: pigeonite.
2- n : pyroxene; basaltine..
aulacogen [1170] : vng trng dng a ho.
C ranh gii l nhng t gy thun dng a
mng hnh thnh trn craton.
aurichalcite [1171] : aurichalcit.
Khong vt mu xanh nht :
(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6.
auricle [1172] : tai (cs).
Cu to dng tai nhn phn sau ca v mt
s Hai mnh phn bit vi phn chnh ca v
bi phng rt nh.
auricula [1173] : tai (cs).
Phn dy ln dng tai bo t c tai.
auricular sulcus [1174] : rnh tai (cs).
Rnh bn ngoi v Hai mnh phn cch
49
cu to tai vi phn chnh ca v.
auriculate [1175] : c tai (cs).
Ni v cc bo t c nhng ch dy ln dng
tai ca mng ngoi vng xch o, thng nh
ra t on cui ca ng so.
auricupride [1176] : auricuprit.
Khong vt: Cu3Au. n: cuproaurit.
aurorite [1177] : aurorit.
Khong vt: (Mn, Ag, Ca) Mn3O7.3H2O.
aurostibite [1178] : aurostibit.
Khong vt h lp phng: AuSb2.
Austinian [1179] : Austin (t).
Bc Bc M, Creta thng (nm trn
Eaglefordi, nm di Taylor).
austinite [1180] : austinit.
Khong vt h thoi, khng mu hoc nu
nht: CaZnAsO4(OH).
authigene [1181] : ti sinh.
Mt khong vt hoc thnh phn ti sinh,
v d nh mt khong vt trong magma; xi
mng ca mt loi trm tch nu c tch
ng t dung dch; hoc mt khong vt hnh
thnh t qu trnh bin cht.
authigenesis [1182] : ngun ti sinh.
Mt qu trnh m theo nhng khong vt
mi hnh thnh ti ch trong mt trm tch
xy ra trong khi hoc sau khi tch t, do s thay
th hay ti kt tinh.
authigenetic [1183] : ti sinh.
Tng ng vi thut ng authigenic.
authigenic [1184] : ti sinh.
c thnh to ti ch, nh cc thnh phn
v khong vt to khng b dch chuyn hoc
c kt tinh ti ni hin nay chng xut l.
Thng thng, thut ng ny dng ch mt
khong vt (thch anh, feldspar) c thnh to
sau qu trnh tch t trm tch nguyn thy.
n: authigenous; authigenetic.
autoarenite [1185] : ct kt t sinh.
Loi ct kt c hnh thnh t qu trnh
v vn cc do nhng hot ng kin to
gy nn.
autoassociation [1186] : t lin hp.
Phng php t so snh ca mt chui
(string) hay mt tun t cc s hiu khng phi
l s.
autobreccia [1187] : dm kt t sinh.
Dm kt hnh thnh do mt qu trnh no
ng thi vi s hnh thnh hoc cng rn ca
khi , t cc mnh vn c tch ra. V
d qu trnh thnh to cc mnh vn do nhng
phn ca v cng ca khi dung nham hy
cn lng.
autochthon [1188] : ti ch; bn a.
1- (trt) Trm tch tn d hnh thnh t qu
trnh phn hy ti ch.
2- (kt) Th nguyn v tr sinh thnh, c
c cng ngun gc vi mng, tuy khng
di chuyn nhng c th bin dng.
autochthonous [1189] : ti ch, bn a.
c thnh to ti chnh ni hin ang
xut l.
autochthonous mantle [1190] : lp ph vt
liu ti ch.
Nhng mnh vn hoc t b ri c
ngun gc t cc lp tr nm pha di v
c thnh to ti ch.
autochthony [1191] : tch t bn a.
S tch t ca cc tn tch thc vt ti ngay
ni chng hnh thnh v pht trin trong mi
trng nguyn sinh.
autoclastic rock [1192] : t v vn; vn
t sinh.
Loi c kin trc dm hoc mnh vn
c thnh to ti ni m nay chng xut l do
qu trnh v vn, phn ct, bin cht ng lc,
to ni hoc cc qu trnh tc ng c hc khc.
autogenetic [1193] : a hnh t sinh.
1- a hnh t pht trin, t tin ha do chnh
iu kin cc b v khng b nh hng cc
chuyn ng to ni. V d a hnh to nn do
ma ri v cc dng chy b mt to thnh h
sng sui dng cnh cy.
2- Kiu h sng sui hon ton do iu kin
b mt quyt nh (m sng ngi chy trn ).
V d: h thng sng sui pht trin duy nht
trn vng xm thc thng ngun.
autogenic [1194] : t sinh.
X: autogenetic.
autogenous [1195] : t sinh.
X: autogenetic.
autozooid [1196] : c th t dng (cs).
Polyp san h tm tia pht trin y ; mt
c th Ru ng vt c chc nng kim n.
Autunian [1197] : Autun (t).
Bc chu u, phn thp nht ca Permi h
(nm trn Stephan, nm di Saxon).
autunite [1198] : autunit.
1- Khong vt phng x h bn phng, mu
vng chanh hoc vng - sulfur: Ca(UO2)2(PO4)
10-12H2O, ng hnh vi torbernit. Autunit ni
chung l khong vt th sinh, c dng tm
hoc dng vy kiu mica.
n: lime uranite, calcouranit.
2- Nhm khong vt ng hnh h bn
phng c cng thc chung :
R+2(UO2)(XO4)2.nH2O, trong R=Ca, Cu,
Mg, Ba, Na2 hoc: cc nguyn t khc v X=P
50
hoc As. Nhm ny bao gm nhng khong vt
nh: autunit, torbernit, uranocircit, saleit,
sodium autunit, zeunerit, uranospinit, novacekit
v kahlerit..
Auversian [1199] : Auversi (t).
Bc chu u, Eocen (nm trn Lutet, nm
di Barton).
auxiliary rotation [1200] : quay b sung,
quay ph tr (cctr).
available [1201] : c th s dng c,
kh dng.
available moisture [1202] : m hu hiu
ca t.
Lng m trong t m thc vt c th ht
c. Thng l lng nc gia im ho
v lng m t nhin.
available relief [1203] : a hnh sn c, a
hnh a phng.
Ton b a hnh c li i vi h sng sui
ct qua mt vng xc nh. cao ca n c
xc nh bng chiu cao thng ng t im cao
st li ca a hnh nguyn thy n mt (mc)
nghing u tin m n t c (do h thng
sng ngi iu chnh). n: local relief.
avalanche bedding [1204] : th nm dc
ng.
n nghing trong cc n ct li lim do
sp l ct theo mt trt (nghing) ca n ct.
avalanche cone [1205] : nn l tch.
Khi vt cht sp, trt l c tch ng li,
c dng hnh nn.
avalanche talus [1206] : trt l theo taluy.
S tch t cc mnh c hnh dng, kch
thc bt k bt ngun t tuyt, bng ln t v
mnh do trt l theo sn xung. Gc dc
thng nh hn 30 v mt ct nghing lm
v pha trn.
avalanching [1207] : l, qu trnh l.
S di chuyn t ngt v rt nhanh xung
pha di ca khi l.
avalonian orogeny [1208] : to ni Avaloni.
S kin to ni din ra gn cui Tin Cambri
dc theo bin gii Bc M.
aven [1209] : hang rt nc.
Ging hay l khoan thng ng ngc t
hang ng ln mt t.
aventurescence [1210] : aventurescenc.
Khong vt trong m, phn x nh sng
mnh do cha bao th trong khong vt. V d
nh aventurin quartz v aventurin feldspar.
aventurine [1211] : aventurin, thch anh
vng nh.
1- Thch anh trong, m, cha nhng bao th
rt nh ca khong vt khc, c mu xm, xanh
nht, nu.
2- Aventurine feldspar-thut ng dng ch s
sng chi nh dt vng ca thy tinh hoc c
khong vt c mu vng hoc bao th sng. n:
adventurine.
aventurine feldspar [1212] : feldspar aven-
turin, feldspar vng nh.
Nhng loi feldspar (oligoclas, albit, andesin,
hoc adularia) c mu vng sng chi c trng.
aventurine quartz [1213] : thch anh
aventurin, thch anh vng nh.
X: aventurine.
average grade [1214] : hm lng trung bnh.
average igneous rock [1215] : magma
trung tnh.
V mt l thuyt th thnh phn ha hc ca
tng ng vi thnh phn trung bnh lp
ngoi cng ca v Tri t.
average velocity [1216] : tc trung bnh.
1- i vi dng chy mt: bng lu lng
chia cho din tch mt ct ngang vung gc vi
dng chy.
2- i vi nc di t: bng th tch nc
chy qua din tch mt ct cho trc, chia cho
rng m nc chy qua.
avezacite [1217] : avezacit.
Mt loi dyke c thnh phn trung gian gia
pyroxenit v hornblendit vi amphibol tri hn
pyroxen v vi ilmenit chim gn 20% th tch
. t tn theo a danh vng Avezac,
Pyrenees.
avicennite [1218] : avicenit.
Khong vt h lp phng, mu en: Tl2O3.
avlakogen [1219] : avlacogen.
n: aulacogen.
avogadrite [1220] : avogadrit.
Khong vt h thoi: (K, Cs) B F4.
awaruite [1221] : awaruit.
Khong vt dng hp kim t nhin ca nickel
v st ; nickel-iron.
axial angle [1222] : gc quang hc.
X: optic angle.
axial compression [1223] : nn dc trc
(cctr).
S nn song song vi trc dc ca mu trong
th nghim vi mu hnh tr.
axial force diagram [1224] : biu lc dc
trc (cctr).
axial plane [1225] : mt trc quang.
1- Mt trc quang ca tinh th hai trc.
2- Mt tinh th cha hai trc ca tinh th.
axial pressure [1226] : p lc chnh tm, dc
trc (cctr).
p lc dc theo trc i xng, th d p lc
51
tc dng vo tm ca cc trn.
axial strain [1227] : bin sut (bin dng) dc
trc (cctr).
axial stream [1228] : dng trc, dng chnh.
1- Ngun chy chnh ca mt thung lng
gia ni chy vo ni su nht ca thung lng
v c hng song song vi chiu di nht
ca n.
2- Dng nc chy theo trc ca mt np
lm hoc mt np li.
axial stress [1229] : ng sut dc trc (cctr).
axial surface [1230] : mt trc.
B mt c to ra do cc ng bn l ca
np un ni tip nhau.
axial symmetric [1231] : trc i xng.
ng thng trong tinh th, m khi xoay
quanh ng thng ny vi mt gc xc nh th
hnh i xng s chim li khong khng gian
ca chnh v tr ca n trc khi xoay. Trong
cu trc tinh th c cc trc i xng bc 2, 3, 4
v 6 (L2, L3, L4, L6).
axial trace [1232] : vt trc.
ng ct mt trc np un vi b mt Tri
t hoc mt mt no khc.
axial twin [1233] : trc song tinh.
S ghp ni c quy lut ca hai tinh th trong
mt khong vt, m khi xoay 1800 quanh mt
trc, hai n tinh s trng nhau. Trc l
trc song tinh.
axinite [1234] : axinit.
Khong vt mu nu, tm, xanh hoc xm:
(Ca,Mn,Fe)3Al2BSi4O15(OH), c th cha natri.
Axinit h ba nghing.
axis [1235] : trc chnh, phng chnh; trc
(tinh th), trc quang; trc.
1-(m) Khu vc (hay vng) trung tm hoc
chim u th ca dy ni; ng thng theo
hng ca a hnh rng ln thng theo sng
ca dy ni, theo hng y ca min trng,
v.v.
2- (kv) Phng, m theo phng nh sng
xuyn qua khong vt (tinh th) khng c lng
chit sut. Phng l trc quang.
3-(tc) ng thng dng biu th cc s
thc. Trong khng gian hai chiu, ba chiu mi
im c biu din bng cp hai s, ba s trn
cc trc tng ng.
axis of a lode [1236] : trc mch (qung).
axis of isotropy [1237] : trc ng hng.
Khi phng truyn nh sng qua cht v nh
hoc qua tinh th h lp phng. Nhng vt th
ny ch c mt i lng chit sut, c gi l
cht ng hng quang hc. Phng truyn
l trc ng hng.
axis of rotation [1238] : trc quay (ca trng
ng sut) (cctr).
axis of symmetry [1239] : trc i xng.
X: symmetry axis.
azimuth [1240] : phng v.
Gc nm ngang o theo chiu kim ng h
gia phng v bc v phng v i tng
mun o.
azimuth angle [1241] : gc phng v.
Gc hp bi phng v bc v phng v i
tng theo chiu kim ng h.
Azoic [1242] : Azoi, i v sinh (t).
Phn sm ca Tin Cambri, c trng bng
cc khng cha du vt ca s sng. Cng c
khi c hiu l ton b Tin Cambri.
azonal soil [1243] : cha thnh th nhng.
Th nhng (hay t trng) thiu cc tng
pht trin tt v tng t gc.
n : immature soil.
azonate [1244] : khng i (cs).
Ni v cc bo t khng c mt i hay mt
di tng t, thng vng xch o.
azurite [1245] : azurit.
1- Khong vt h n nghing, mu xanh
m n xanh tm: Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2, khong vt
qung ng, th sinh, cng vi malachit i
trn ca va qung ng.
n: chesylite, blue copper ore, blue
malachite.
2- Azurit c st dng trang tr, trang sc.
52
 babefphite [1246] : babefphit.
Khong vt: BaBe(PO4)(O,F).
babingtonite [1247] : babingtonit.
Khong vt h ba nghing mu xanh nht-
sm: Ca2(Fe+2,Mn)Fe+3Si5O10(OH).
back [1248] : mi, nc, vnh nh.
1- Mi, nc ca mch qung, trn l.
2- Vnh nh, nng, ni sng ngi ven b
v v thng vi bin qua cc o nh (nh b
bin vnh Texas).
back analysis [1249] : phn tch ngc, phn
tch sau (cctr).
Phng php xc nh mt hoc vi thng s
u vo (ca t, ) da trn c s kt qu (th
d xc nh sc bn ca t t mt s c
trt l, ph hy). n: back calculation.
back arc [1250] : cung sau.
L vng tip gip sau cung ni la v pha
hng cm ca i ht chm.
back arc basin [1251] : bn sau cung.
Bn trng nm gia cung o v lc a
thng c c trng cha trm tch ni la.
back axle [1252] : trc sau.
back pressure [1253] : p lc i khng, p
lc ngc chiu.
back reef [1254] : t ni di ngm vi
t lin.
Phn t pha trc di ngm, gm c
vng trm tch nm gia di ngm v
t lin.
back slope [1255] : sn nghing.
1- n: dip slope.
2- Sn thoi hn ca a hnh n nghing
(cuesta) hoc khi t gy. N c th khng lin
quan vi gc cm (gc dc) ca cc nm
di .
backbone [1256] : sng ni.
c coi l trc chnh ca dy ni.
backfill [1257] : vt liu san lp (cctr).
t hay cc vt liu khc c dng lp
li cc h, ho, mng, rnh hay nhng ni b
sp l. n: backfilling.
B background [1258] : hm lng nn, nn.
1- (h) Hm lng ca mt nguyn t trong
mt din tch khng phi l d thng.
2- (tc) Trong mi trng MS Windows c
th cng mt lc thc hin nhiu chng trnh.
Nhng ch c mt chng trnh hot ng tch
cc cn cc chng trnh khc chy di
dng nn.
background content [1259]:tr s nn a ha.
Tr s nn a ha ca nguyn t l hm
lng trung bnh ca nguyn t trong t, ,
nc thin nhin, thc vt ca mt vng lnh
th c th c c im cu trc a cht v cnh
quan a ha ring bit, khng b nh hng bi
cc qu trnh to qung, hoc tc ng nhn
sinh. Tr s thay i t vng ny n vng
khc, nhng thng ch dao ng quanh tr s
Clark ca nguyn t .
background radiation [1260] : nn, phng
bc x.
phng x ca mi trng. V d t cc tia
v tr v t cc th phng x t nhin ca Tri
t, k c phng x ca cc cuc th nghim
c kim sot.
backland [1261]:di t thp pha sau b sng.
Mt phn ca ng bng bi bi ko di t
y sn thung lng v c ngn cch vi sng
bi g t nhin. n: back land. Deleted: T
backset eddy [1262] : dng xoy, ch nc
xoy, dng chy ngc. Deleted: .
Dng chy nh quay (xoy trn) ngc
hng ca dng xoy chnh lm cho nc i Deleted: a.
dng tun hon. Dng chy ngc thng gp
Deleted: ;
gia dng chnh v b bin.
backshore [1263] : b sau. Deleted: b.
1- i cao hoc i trong ca b bin. i Deleted: .
ny thng kh v nm gia mc nc thy Deleted: a)
triu cao v ranh gii cao nht ca cc qu trnh Deleted: .
ngoi sinh xy ra i b bin. N l tc nhn
ca sng bin hoc nc bin trn ngp ch c
bit trong cc trn bo hoc thy triu khng Deleted: ~ san lp sau khi khai thc l
thin
bnh thng. Thc cht l di t pha trc ~ tnh cht v cung cch ~ phn ng ca,
khi tho d tr lc vch ~ c ch tr lc
53
bin nm ngang hay sn rt thoi v c phn
cch b pha trc (Foreshore) bin bi b thm
trn mt nc.
2- Khu vc nm ngay chn vch b bin.
backshore terrace [1264] : thm b sau.
Thm do sng xy p nn b pha sau, b
thm trn mt nc.
backwash [1265] : dng nc ngc.
Nc bin chy ra bin t b bin hoc t bi
bin do sng nh vo hoc khi lng nc
chy ra bin.
backwater [1266]:nc ngc, nc phc hi.
Nc c phc hi v khng thay i so vi
iu kin ban u.
backwearing [1267] : xm thc git li.
Xm thc t mc xm thc c s, git li v
pha phn thy tnh. Qu trnh xm thc gy nn
s h thp song song hai sn dc ng ca
(dy) ni hoc i hoc s h thp mt sn ni
(i) nhng khng lm thay i dc. Qu
trnh dn n s pht trin ca ng bng chn
ni hay ng bng gc trc ni.
Ss : downwearing.
bacterial pollution [1268]: nhim bn vi khun.
S nhim bn do nhng vi khun gy bnh.
bactritoid [1269] : Dng cn (Bactritoidea)
(cs).
Chn u thuc phn lp Bactritoidea c v
c trng bi hnh sng thng dng cn hoc hi
cong. Tui: Ordovic n Permi.
baculate [1270] : c t im g que (cs).
S t im bo t v phn gm cc g que.
baculite [1271] : baculit.
Tinh th nh dng que, mu en.
baculum [1272] : g que (cs).
Cc g hnh que rt nh, kch thc rt thay
i, hoc nm ring r, hoc kt thnh cm, lm
thnh t im mng ngoi cng ca ht phn
hay bo t. V d: Bacula.
baddeleyite [1273] : badeleyit.
Khong vt h n nghing, khng mu,
vng, nu hoc en: ZrO2, cha hafni, titan, st
v thori.
badenite [1274] : badenit.
Khong vt mu xm - thp :
(Co,Ni, Fe)3(As Bi)4.
badlan [1275] : vng t xu.
a hnh b ct qua mt cch phc tp, pht
trin trn b mt c rt t hoc khng c lp ph
thc vt. Di t thng l vt liu khng gn
kt hoc c gn kt yu. t xu thng pht
trin vng kh hu nhit i nu thm thc vt
b tn ph qu s pht trin ca n hay do cc
nguyn nhn khc.
bafertisite [1276] : bafertisit.
Khong vt h thoi :
Ba(Fe,Mn)2TiSi2O7(O, OH)2.
bahiaite [1277] : bahiait. Deleted: b)
Pyroxenit cha pyroxen t phng, amphibol, Deleted: .
olivin v mt s lng nh spinel.
bahianite [1278] : bahianit.
Khong vt: Sb3 Al5 O14 (OH)2.
Baikalian orogeny [1279] : to ni Baikali.
Thut ng c s dng rng ri Lin X,
ch thi i to ni xy ra trong khong thi
gian chuyn tip gia Precambri v Cambri v
gm c Cambri gia. Chuyn ng bt u c
bit t Riphe di. Cc pha ring bit c
phn nh bi mi lin quan trong nhiu trt t Deleted: .
a tng Precambri mun ca Lin X. t theo
tn h Baikal Siberia.
bailer [1280] : thit b ht, my ht du.
bailing [1281] : ht bng bm, thit b ht.
Qu trnh dng thit b ht, bm h xung
ging ht cht lng, mn khoan.
bajada [1282] : ng bng l tch chn ni. Deleted: .
Sn bi tch (aluvi) lin tc v rng hoc b
mt vn phong ha n nghing thoi ko di
t chn ni ti vng trng ni lc hay xung
quanh vng trng. c thnh to do s hp
nht mt pha ca hng lot nn (qut) phng Deleted: .
vt lin kt v c cu to ln sng do cc nn
phng vt u nh cao, thng c hnh thnh
vng kh hu bn kh nng v sa mc. Ln
u tin thut ng c dng bang New
Mexico ch sn thoi hn ca hai sn a
hnh n nghing (cuesta). n: bahada; apron; Deleted: T
alluvial apron; mountain apron; fan apron;
alluvial plain; compound alluvial fan; piedmont
alluvial plain; piedmont plain; waste plain;
piedmont slope; gravel piemond; alluvil bench.
Bajocian [1283] : Bajoc (t).
Bc do d'Orbigny (1850) thnh lp theo tn
thnh ph Bayeux ca Php, l bc ca thi a
tng quc t, Jura trung (nm trn Toarci, nm
di Bathon).
bakerite [1284] : bakerit.
Khong vt: Ca4 B4 (BO4) (SiO4)3 (OH)3. H2O
kt hch c st mu trng ging nh hoa
hoc s khng trng men.
balance [1285] : ci cn, cn bng.
1- Dng c cn.
2- S thay i khi lng vt cht (s chnh
lch gia tch t v bo mn, ph hy) t
trong mt khong thi gian, c xc nh bng
ln ti mt im hoc tr s trung bnh ton
vng hoc ton b s lng t chnh lch.
balancing [1286] : cn bng, iu chnh.
54
 S iu chnh trong khai thc nhm mc ch
kinh t.
balas rubi [1287] : rubi balas.
Nhng dng qu spinel mu -hng nht
hoc vng-da cam, tm thy tnh Badakhshan
(Balascia) min Bc Afghanistan.
n: balas, ballas.
balavinskite [1288] : balavinskit.
Khong vt: Sr2B6O11.4H2O.
baldite [1289] : baldit.
Xm nhp thnh to su va, tng
ng vi basalt cha analeim, augit v oxid st.
balipholite [1290] : balipholit.
Khong vt h thoi :
BaMg2LiAl3Si4O13(OH)3.
balk [1291] : di t hp, thp nh du ng
ranh gii.
balkanite [1292] : balkanit.
Khong vt h thoi: Cu9 Ag5 Hg S8.
ball clay [1293] : st cc, st hn (cctr).
Mt loi st rt dnh, i khi chu la, thng
cha vt cht hu c, c nhng cht dng lm
thuc mu bn la, mu t vng nu ti xanh vi
nhng thang bc khc nhau, dng lm cht kt
dnh trong sn xut gm s. Pipe clay-st trng
mm, c cng cao khi t cng nh khi kh,
dng lm nhiu loi thy tinh, c co ngt cao
khi nung. S d gi l ball clay v trc kia
ngi Anh thng lm thnh cc st nng
13-22kg (30-50 bng Anh), ng knh khong
25cm (10 in).
ball structure [1294] : cu trc cu.
1- Cu to dng cu ca trm tch
nguyn sinh.
2- Cu trc dng cu nh ca than .
ballas [1295] : balas.
Tp hp nhng vin nh tinh th kim cng,
c cu trc dng ta tia hoc dng ht, khng
ct khai, rt cng dng trong cng nghip.
ballast [1296] : dm, ri dm.
balneotherapy [1297] : khoa thy tr liu
(thy liu php).
Ngnh y hc chuyn cha bnh bng liu
php tm ngm, c bit l bng nc khong-
nc nng thin nhin.
baltimorite [1298] : baltimorit.
Khong vt serpentin mu xanh-xm nht,
ng nh, dng si, d v thnh mnh vn, tm
thy gn Baltimore.
balyakinite [1299] : balyakinit.
Khong vt: CuTeO3.
bambollaite [1300] : bambolait.
Khong vt: Cu(Se,Te)2.
banakite [1301] : banakit.
L mt loi basalt gm cc ban tinh olivin
v pyroxen n nghing trong nn labradorit vi
rim feldspar kim, olivin, pyroxen n
nghing, t leucit v c th c thch anh. Banakit
chuyn sang shoshonit vi s tng ln ca olivin
v pyroxen n nghing, vi s gim feldspar
kim v chuyn sang absarokit vi olivin v Deleted:
pyroxen n nghing nhiu hn.
banalsite [1302] : banalsit.
Khong vt nhm feldspar: BaNa2Al4Si4O16.
banco [1303] : h mng nga.
H mng nga hay khc un cong c tch
khi sng do dng chy i hng.
band [1304] : bng nh vin thm, bng; di,
tng, lp.
1- (tc) V tinh chp nh b mt Tri t
theo cc di tn s khc nhau, mi mt di tn Deleted: .
s c ghi ln mt bng nh. V d nh
LANSAT TM knh 1 c bc sng 0,45-1 m,
knh 2 c bc sng 1-1,45 m, v.v.
2-(t) Tng mng phn bit bng thch
hc hoc mu sc, s ph bin ca cc di, lp
mng rt thun li cho vic lin kt a tng.
band belt [1305] : dy chuyn, bng chuyn.
band pass filter [1306] : lc theo di tn s.
Kt qu b lc ny s gi li cc tn hiu c
tn s nm trong khong nht nh.
bandaite [1307] : bandait.
Dacit cha labradorit hoc bytownit. N
mang tn vng Bandai San, Nht Bn.
banded differentiate [1308] : phn d di.
Mt khi magma c th quan st thy cc
di c thnh phn khong vt v mu sc khc Deleted: a
nhau to nn cu to di. S thnh to cc di l
kt qu ca qu trnh phn d kt tinh ca Deleted: b
magma.
banded structure [1309] : kin trc di.
Kin trc ca c c trng bi nhng
di, lp, thu knh song song vi nhau, nhng
khc nhau v thnh phn ha hc, khong vt,
kin trc v mu sc. Kin trc di l kt qu
ca qu trnh phn d kt tinh ca magma. C
kin cho rng kin trc di l kt qu ca s
phn lp c hnh thnh bi nhng dng vt
liu khng ng nht hoc s lng ng lin tc
ca cc lp vt liu khc nhau.
bandylite [1310] : bandylit.
Khong vt h bn phng mu xanh-m:
Cu2(B2O4)Cl2.4H2O.
bank [1311] : b, b h, , ly, vch, cn,
o di hp; bi, gng l, ca l, tp va, thn
qung; ngn hng.
1- Sn dc hoc b mt i thng l ct,
si, sn v vt liu cha gn kt, him khi c
gc.
55
 2- Ch i hoc sn i min nam
nc Anh.
3- Nam Phi c s dng ch cc sn
hoc vch kh dc (500m), bao gm cc lp
bn vng v thng to thnh cc i cao hoc
cc ni thp gia hai thung lng ko di.
4- o nh, hp v di dc theo b i Ty
Dng ca Hoa K, cu thnh t ct v l o
chn gia vnh v i dng.
5- Phn mt t nh cao r rng hoc dc
ng bao quanh ly h. Vch dc ng ca
thm sn h. Ch nng ca y h.
bank atoll [1312] : gi b o san h vng,
gi m tiu.
n: pseudoatoll.
bank barrier reef [1313] : di chn ngm.
1- Di ngm chn, cu to bi san h gm
v khung to san h, mnh sa khong v ct,
chng c tch t trc y trn nn vi bararite [1324] : bararit.
cn.
2- Di ngm ngun gc hu c nm gia
di ngm ven ra (fringing barrier) v di ngm
chn (barrier reef).
bank inset reef [1314] : ngm san h.
ng bng bin nng nh thm lc a
hoc o, trong c ni khng ni g
ngoi cng.
bank reef [1315] : bi san h ngm ang
pht trin.
Bt k s ln ln mt cch rng ln ca m
tiu san h c hnh dng bt k v pht trin
trn mc cao ngm (ngun gc kin to hoc
cc ngun gc khc), t nhiu chng c nc
bin su bao bc duy tr s ln ln ca cc c
th to m tiu san h.
bankfull stage [1316] : mc nc trn b.
Mc nc khi sng bt u trn b.
bannermanite [1317] : banermanit.
Khong vt trong l kh phun t nhin:
(Na, K)1-x V+41-x V+55+x O15; x = 0,10 - 0,46.
bannisterite [1318] : banisterit.
Khong vt :
(K,Na)(Mn,Fe,Al)3(Si,Al)6O15(OH)5.2H2O.
baotite [1319] : baotit.
Khong vt h bn phng :
Ba4(Ti,Nb)8 Si4O28Cl.
bar [1320] : cn ct chn, doi ct chn, doi t
chn, doi bn ct chn; s tch t ct, sn; bar.
1- Thut ng ch tnh cht ngun gc ca bt
c g ni xa b, n, cn t hoc ct, sn hoc
vt liu cha gn kt, t nht cng ngp di
nc triu dng cao do sng bin hoc dng y
to nn, c bit cc ca sng, ca sng hnh
phu, hay khong cch xa b mt t.
2- Cc vt liu bi tch trong lng sng, dc
b hoc ca sng dng g hoc lung khi tc
dng chy gim.
3- n v o p lc (unit of pressure).
bar chart [1321] : biu ngang (cctr).
bar finger [1322] : bi ct chn chim, doi ct
dng chn chim.
Th vt cht c thnh phn l ct, dng ko
di v hp kiu thu knh trong mt ct ngang
nm di lng ph lu chu th dng chn
chim. Cc doi ct ny thnh thong rng hn
dng ph lu v c hnh thnh bi cc doi bn
nguyt ln ra bin ti cc ming sng nhnh.
bar plain [1323] : bi bi thoi. Deleted: .
Bi bi tng i thoi khng c rnh nc, Deleted: .
khng c lp ph aluvi v c c trng bi h
Deleted: .
thng cc doi c hnh dng bt k va c to
nn bi huyn ph, vn c hc ca l lt. Deleted: a)
Khong vt h su phng nhit thp:
(NH4)2 Si F6. Deleted: b)
baratovite [1325] : baratovit.
Khong vt h n nghing gi su phng:
KCa8 Li2 (Ti, Zr)2 Si12 O37 F. Deleted: .
barbed drainage pattern [1326] : m hnh
mng sng mc xch.
Mt dng m hnh mng sng sui do cc
chi lu (sng nhnh) hp dng vi sng chnh
khc cong nhn ch hng ngc ca sng; Deleted: .
thng thng l do sng cp dng ca dng
sng chnh.
barbed tributary [1327] : chi lu mc xch,
sng nhnh mc xch.
Sng ngi hp vi dng sng chnh phn
thng lu to thnh ch un cong nhn ch
hng ngc dng v gc i din vi h lu ti
ni hp nht (giao nhau).
barbosalite [1328] : barbosalit.
Khong vt mu en: Fe+2 Fe2+3 (PO4)2 (OH)2.
bare [1329] : trn, l, khng b ph.
bariandite [1330] : bariandit.
Khong vt: V2O4.4V2O5.12H2O.
baricite [1331] : baricit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
(Mg, Fe+2, Fe+3) (PO4)2 (OH)8.8-xH2O.
barite [1332] : barit.
Khong vt h thoi mu trng, vng hoc
khng mu, thng cha stronti v calci. Barit
c tinh th dng tm, dng ht hoc dng khi
c st ging hoa v c t trng ln: 4,5 -
dng lm thuc mu, nc bn khoan, cht n
trong sn xut giy, vi. Barit l khong vt
qung ch yu ca bari. Cng thc : BaSO4.
n: barytes; heavy spar; cawk.
56
 barium [1333] : bari (Ba).
Nguyn t ha hc s 56, nguyn t lng
137,3277, t trng 3,5 g/cm3, thuc nhm kim
loi nh, kim t, lithophil, c 7 ng v bn v
33 ng v khng bn. Hm lng ca Ba (ppm)
trong v lc a trn 668; trong siu mafic 5;
gabro basalt 330, granit-granodiorit 600,
phin 550, trong t 500, trong nc i dng
l 0,013 mg/l, trong sng sui l 0,02 mg/l. Cc
khong vt tiu biu l barit, witherit.
barkhan [1334] : cn ct li lim.
Cc n ct hay cn ct c dng cong li
lim ct thng gc vi hng gi thi. Sn li,
thoi i din vi hng gi, hai u hay cnh
li lim thun theo chiu gi cn sn lm
pha di gi th dc. Chiu cao t vi m v cao
nht ti 30 m v di 350 m. Chng c thnh
to trn b mt bng c t chng ngi vt rn
v gi thi vi vn tc trung bnh lin tc. c
im chung nht cho s pht trin ca chng l
vng sa mc lc a rt kh.
barnesite [1335] : barnesit.
Khong vt: Na2V6O16.3H2O, cha natri
tng t vi hewetit.
Barneveld [1336] : Barneveldi (t).
Bc Bc M, phn trn Ordovic trung (nm
trn Wildernesi, nm di Eden).
barograph [1337] : kh p k, my ghi kh p.
baroid [1338] : baroit.
Cht lm tng t trng bn khoan.
barometer [1339] : kh p k, phong v biu.
Dng c o p sut khng kh, cn gi l
phong v biu.
barometric altimeter [1340] : my p kh o
cao.
Mt cng c o cao so vi mc nc
bin, hoc trn mt mc cao no bng cch
o gia trng ca khng kh.
barometric efficiency [1341] : hiu sut
kh p.
T s gia mc nc dao ng trong ging
v s thay i kh p gy ra dao ng , biu
th trong cng n v nh mc nc.
barrage [1342] : p chn.
1- Cng trnh chn ngang dng chy c ca
ng-m hoc cc thit b kim sot iu
chnh mc nc thng lu, tch tr ngun
nc n dn vo knh.
2- Cng trnh ngn nc mn xm nhp vo
pha thng lu cc sng c thy triu.
n: barrier, dam.
barranco [1343] : hm ni, vch ng.
Thut ng c s dng Ty Nam Hoa K
ch :
1- Cc hm ni (vch ) rt su, vch rt
dc hoc cc Canhon nh (hm vc) v cc
mng xi, khe xi su do ma ln to thnh.
2- B dc ng, vch dc ng (vch vi). Deleted: b)
barrandite [1344] : barandit.
Khong vt h thoi : (Fe,Al)PO4.2H2O, ng
hnh v l khong vt trung gian v thnh phn
gia strengit v variscit.
barred basin [1345] : b tc, bn tc.
Bn trng b che lp, nc hn ch ra vo.
barrel [1346] : barel, thng, vit tt : brl. Deleted: Sn lng 1995 l 2,9 triu
tn Ba gi th trng 50 USD/kg barit.
n v thng dng o lng du th, 1
barel cha 42 gallon M, 34,97 gallon Anh Deleted: .
(1 gallon M = 3,785 lt, 1 gallon Anh = 4,546
lt) hay 15.915,615 ft3 hay 0,158 m3.
barrel distortion [1347] : mo m xon, vn.
Tn hiu thu c bng cc b thu gn trn
v tinh thng b mo do nh hng a hnh,
lch gia ng bay l thuyt v thc t,... V
vy cc nh vin thm nguyn thy thng b
mo, xon hnh hc. Cn phi tin hnh nn
chnh ta theo cc im kim tra trn
mt t.
barrel royalty [1348] : thu ti nguyn tnh
bng thng (barel).
Dng trong thm d du, kh.
barrels core [1349] : ng khoan (cctr).
Trong khoan cu trc, cn ly c li khoan
tt xc nh nhng yu t cu trc. lm
c vic , cn s dng ng khoan nhiu (hai
hoc ba) lp hoc ng khoan ng knh ln.
i vi loi ng khoan nhiu lp, cc ng bn
trong c th c thit k (th d gn vng bi)
chng khng b xoay trong khi ng ngoi
cng xoay cng vi mi khoan. Li khoan s
chui vo ng khoan bn trong v do s c
bo v, khng b xo ng cho n khi c ly
ra ngoi cng vi ng khoan. Ly li khoan ra
khi ng khoan l cng on quan trng nht
ca qu trnh khoan ly mu. Phng php tt
nht l s dng loi ng khoan trong c th tch
i c. C th lt mt lp nylon vo ng
khoan trong bo v li khoan.
Barremian [1350] : Barem (t). Deleted: l
Bc do Coquand (1862) xc lp theo tn lng Deleted: thnh
Barreme ca Php, l bc ca thi a tng quc
t, Creta h (nm trn Hauterive, nm
di Apti).
barrerite [1351] : barerit.
Khong vt h thoi nhm zeolit :
(Na,K,Ca)7(Al2 Si7)O18.7H2O.
barrier [1352] : bi ct chn, p chn. Deleted: .
Bi ct chn ko di dng cao trn mc triu Deleted: .
cao, hi xa b v song song vi b bin, phn
cch b bi mt vi kiu vnh ven b, c to
thnh do sng v dng chy. X : barrage. Deleted: a)
57
 barrier basin [1353] : b chn, bn chn.
Bn trng c hnh thnh do cc p hoc
doi ct t nhin to ra, trong c th c cc h
chn.
barrier beach [1354] : di chn b, bi chn.
Bi ct ko di, cao hn mt t so vi mc
nc thy triu cao, song song vi ng b
bin nhng cch xa b hn bi vng, vnh, hay
ca sng. N c hnh thnh do dng chy
theo b v thng him khi di hn vi ba km.
barrier chain [1355] : di chn dng mt
xch.
Mt loi o chn, di chn b, mi chn
ko di dc theo b bin vi chiu di ng k.
barrier island [1356] : o chn.
1- o c cu to bi ct, hp v di, th
hin r bi chn b, thng dng hn mc triu
cao, song song vi b, c nhiu n ct cy c,
nhiu ngp ly ko di dng h-vng nc mn.
2- Mt phn tch ri ca di chn b nm
gia hai vnh nh.
barrier lagoon [1357] : vng chn.
1- Vng nm song song (hoc gn song
song) vi b bin, bit lp vi bin bi mt di
t hoc bi m tiu san h.
2- Vng c bao bc bi cc o san h
hoc cc ngm m tiu san h.
barrier lake [1358] : h chn.
H c gii hn bi cc b t nhin nh t
trt, t bi chu th, t bng h hoc dung
nham, vng nc ngt c bit lp bng cc
n ct ven b bin hoc b ct.
barrier pillars [1359] : tr chn (khai
thc m).
barrier reef [1360] : m tiu san h.
Di ngm san h di, hp, v tng th c
v song song vi b bin v ngn cch vi bin
bi vng bin kh su v rng. C th c o
ngun gc ni la tham gia vo thnh phn m
tiu san h hoc c th xa sn lc a. in
hnh l Great Barrier Reef ven b bin bang
Queensland, Australia. Ni chung n c th pht
trin theo b bin vi khong cch ln.
barrier spit [1361] : mi bin chn.
Mt pha ca o chn hay di chn b c
nh ra ni vi t lin.
barrier well [1362] : ging chn.
Mt lot ging c b tr ngn nc
nhim hoc nc mn xm nhp vo cc ging
khai thc.
barringerite [1363] : baringerit.
Khong vt thin thch : (Fe, Ni)2 P.
barringtonite [1364] : baringtonit.
Khong vt : MgCO3.2H2O (?).
barroisite [1365] : baroisit.
Khong vt h n nghing nhm amphibol:
NaCa(Mg, Fe+2)3Al2(Si7Al)O22(OH)2.
barrow [1366] : i, cn, bi thi, ng
thi, xe ct kt. Deleted: .
Barstovian [1367] : Barstovi (t).
Bc Bc M, phn trn Micen h (nm trn
Hemingfordi, nm di Clarendon).
bartelkeite [1368] : bartelkeit.
Khong vt : PbFe+2 Ge3O8.
Barton equation of joint wall strength
[1369] : phng trnh Barton v sc bn Deleted: .
hai bn thnh khe nt.
Phng trnh do Barton v Choubey (1977)
xut t thc nghim m t nh lng c Deleted: .
tnh c l khe nt. Deleted: a)
Bartonian [1370] : Barton (t).
Bc do Mayer, Eymar (1857) xc lp theo tn Deleted: thnh
vch Barton ca Anh, l bc ca thi a tng
quc t Eocen (nm trn Lutet, nm di Deleted: b)
Rupeli).
bartonite [1371] : bartonit. Deleted: .
Khong vt: K3 Fe10 S4. Deleted: a)
barylite [1372] : barylit.
Khong vt khng mu Ba Be2Si2O7.
barysilite [1373] : barysilit. Deleted: b)
Khong vt mu trng Pb8Mn(Si2O7)3.
barytes [1374] : baryt. Deleted: .
Cng c gi l baryt, barytin, barytit.
X: barite.
barytocalcite [1375] : barytocalcit.
1- Khong vt: Ba Ca (CO3)2, h n Deleted: a
nghing, ng hnh vi alstonit.
2- Hp cht ca calcit v barit. Deleted: b
barytolamprophyllite [1376] : barytolam- Deleted: .
prophylit.
Khong vt :
(Na,K)6(Ba,Ca,Sr)3(Ti,Fe)7Si8O32(O,OH,F,Cl)4.
basal disc [1377] : a nn (cs).
Phn nn loe rng San h hay Ru ng vt
c chc nng bm cht xung y.
basal thrust plane [1378] : mt y t gy
nghch chm.
Deleted: .
basalt [1379] : basalt.
1- phun tro sm mu, tng ng vi
gabro, gm ch yu l plagioclas baz pyroxen
v thng c olivin, him hn l hyperten,
hornblend basaltic, manhetit v ilmenit.
Basalt chim mt din tch rt ln y i
dng v rng ri trn lc a. Basalt thng
xut hin trong cc lot magma tholit, kim-vi,
cn basalt olevin kim, basaltoid trong cc lot
magma kim v kim.
2- Mt lot phun tro ly t Mt trng c
58
thnh phn gn bng nhau ca augit, plagioclas
c hm lng Ca cao (An80-An90). Basalt Mt
trng c cha nhiu TiO2, cc nguyn t t
him, Zr v t Ni hn so vi basalt Tri t.
basanite [1380] : basanit.
1- Nhm basalt c c trng bi
plagioclas calci, pyroxen n nghing,
feldspathoid (nephelin, leucit) v olivin. Khi
khng c olivin c gi l tephrit.
2- Ngc bch hoc quartzit tinh th mn.
n: Lydian stone; loi ngc bch mu en.
basanitoid [1381] : basanitoid.
1- Dt: Thut ng c s dng ch nhm
cc c thnh phn trung gian gia basanit v
basalt ngha l c thnh phn ha hc ca
basanit nhng khng c feldspathoid vi nn
thu tinh.
2- Tt: Loi tng t basanit nhng khng
c feldspathoid.
base [1382] : y, nn, chn (ni).
base friction modeling technique [1383] :
phng php m hnh ha lc ma st b mt
ph hy (cctr).
L m hnh vt l n gin nghin cu
hin tng trt lt. Thit b gm b khung vi
hai trc xoay lm chuyn ng bng ti cng
vi m hnh trt lt t bn trn. Khi chuyn
ng, bng ti s tc ng ln y m hnh trt vc sng.
lt mt lc ma st. Mt thanh ngang c nh
ngn khng cho m hnh trt lt chuyn ng
v lc ma st ni trn s m phng lc trng
trng tc dng ln tng khi ca m hnh trt
lt. Cc khi ca m hnh c th lm bng g,
nha, va hoc vt liu xp. Tuy nhin, k thut
ny mi ch c gi tr minh ha ch cha c ng
dng nhiu trong k thut mi dc.
base level [1384] : mc c s ca sng.
1- Gii hn l thuyt hoc mc thp nht ca
qu trnh xm thc b mt Tri t. Di mc
ny, sng ngi khng th tip tc xm thc c
na. Mc xm thc c s chung hoc mc xm
thc cui cng ca b mt Tri t l mc nc
bin. Mc xm thc do bin v i dng l
mc thp nht m cc tc nhn ca bin v i
dng c th khot su y.
n: base level of erosion.
2- B mt cong hoc phng ko di t mc
nc bin vo t lin, nghing thoi ngc pha
bin, l gii hn l thuyt mc xm thc
ca sng.
3- B mt cn hng ti m ni lc c gng
t c cn bng V xm thc hoc tch t; Mt
cn bng ch V m qu trnh xm thc s gim
hoc hng ti.
base level plain [1385] : ng bng c s,
ng bng chn ni. Deleted: .
B mt phng, mt din tch hay khu vc
hoc min t thp.
base line [1386] : ng c s, ng y.
1-Trong o v a hnh, n c xc lp rt Deleted: a.
cn thn v lm im ta (im gc, im c s)
cho vic lp to v lin h.
2- Cc a chnh v bn Hoa K, l Deleted: b.
mt trong cc cp trc to , trc khc l kinh
tuyn gc, n bao gm ng ko di ng-ty
song song vi v v gc phn t c xc lp.
3- ng trung tm ca h thng ng st Deleted: c.
hay ng cao tc. n: base.
base map [1387] : bn c s, bn nn.
Bn a cht thng c xy dng trn
nn bn a hnh, a l, v.v.
base metal [1388] : kim loi c bn.
1- L nhng kim loi thng thng, c hot
tnh ha hc cao, th d ch, ng.
2- L kim loi c bn trong mt hp kim, th
d ng trong ng thau.
base ore [1389] : qung ngho.
Qung c hm lng khng p ng c
yu cu cng nghip.
base relief [1390] : a hnh c s. Deleted: .
S chnh lch cao gia ca sng v im
cao nht trong hoc trn vi ca h thng lu
base runoff [1391] : dng chy c bn (c
ngun gc u tin l nc di t).
Dng chy trn mt t nhin khng b nh
hng bi hot ng ca con ngi.
base slab [1392] : mng bn (cctr).
n: foundation.
basecourse [1393] : lp mng ca nn
ng (cctr).
Deleted: .
n: base for roads.
Basel convention [1394] : cng c Basel. Deleted: a)
X : Convention on the control of trans-
boundary movement of hozardous wastes and
their disposal.
basement [1395] : mng.
Cc phc h c nht trong mt vng no
bao gm cc bin cht, magma v b
ph bi cc thnh to trm tch. Mng thng
c tui Tin Cambri hoc Paleozoi. Deleted: b)
Bashkirian [1396] : Baskiri (t).
Bc do Xemikhatova (1934) xc lp theo tn Deleted: thnh
vng Baskiri ca Nga, Carbon trung trong s Deleted: thng
a tng phn ba ca h Carbon ca Nga (nm
Deleted: c)
trn Namuri, nm di Moscovi).
basic investment [1397] : u t c bn.
basic plagioclase [1398] : plagioclas basic.
Nhng bin th ca nhm plagioclas, giu
59
An nh bytownit, anorthit.
basidiospore [1399] : bo t m (cs).
Bo t nm sinh ra t m ca Basidio-
mycetes.
basin [1400] : bn, b ; lu vc.
1- (kt) Vng trng hay s ln khng c
ng vin (ng bao) b mt. Thut ng c tn thnh ph Bath ca Anh, l bc ca thi a
s dng rng ri. V d lake basin (bn h),
ground-water basin (bn nc di t); trng
nng ca y i dng, v.v.
2- Vng tiu nc ca mt con sui, con
sng hoc h.
3- Khu vc hay din tch thp trn v Tri
t c ngun gc kin to, trong c s lng
ng trm tch. n: structural basin.
basin and range [1401] : a hnh i v
thung lng.
a hnh hay tnh a l t nhin c c
trng bi hng lot khi t gy nghing to
nn cc dy i hoc cc dy ni ko di, khng
cn xng xen k cc bn trng.
basin and range structure [1402] : cu trc
ni t gy v bn a.
Cu trc khu vc c trng bng tnh tri (u
th) ca cc ni t gy, phn cch bi cc bn
a trm tch.
basin order [1403] : bc bn a, bc
thung lng.
Th bc c quy cho ton b lu vc sng
i vi mt phn sng bit bc v mang tn
gi th nguyn. V d bn a bc 1 cha tt c
lu vc ca cc sng sui bc 1.
basin range [1404] : i ni bn trng.
Rng ni hay dy i c cao v dng cu
trc ch yu l t gy (ni t gy) v cc lp
nghing, c bao bc bi bn a trm tch hay
thung lng. n : basin-and-range structure.
bassanite [1405] : basanit.
Khong vt mu trng: CaSO4.1/2H2O.
n: vibertit.
bassetite [1406] : basetit.
Khong vt mu vng :
Fe(UO2)2(PO4)2.8H2O.
bastite [1407] : bastit.
Bin th ca khong vt serpentin mu xanh
oliu, mu xanh-sm nht, mu nu nht do s
bin i ca pyroxen h thoi, dng phn phin
trong magma v c trng sng long lanh
nh kim loi hoc ngc trai mt ct.
n: shiler spar.
bastnaesite [1408] : bastnaesit.
Khong vt nh m, vng-sp n nu-
nht: (Ce,La)CO3(F,OH), c trong magma
kim nh carbonatit. Bastnaesit l ngun nguyn
t t him, cn c gi l bastnasit.
bastnaesite (Y) [1409] : bastnaesit-(Y).
Khong vt tinh h su phng :
(Y,Ce) (CO3)F.
Bathonian [1410] : Bathon (t). Deleted: .
Bc do Omalius D'Halloy (1843) xc lp theo Deleted: 1.
Deleted: d
tng quc t, Jura trung (nm trn Bajoc, nm
di Callovi). Deleted: thnh
bathyal [1411] : bin su. Deleted: D
Mi trng i dng, su t 200m n Deleted: 2.
400m; cc sinh vt sng mi trng .
bathymetric chart [1412] : bn o su. Deleted: 3.
Bn a hnh y bin, y i dng m
su c th hin bng cc ng ng mc
nhng khong c nh.
bathymetry [1413] : php o su. Deleted: .
o su bin, i dng v v bn a
hnh y bin.
bathypelagic [1414] : bin khi su.
Tnh t ch vng nc i dng c su
vng bin khi su.
batisite [1415] : batisit.
Khong vt h thoi, mu nu - sm :
Na2BaTi2(Si2O7)2.
batter pile [1416] : cc nghing (cctr).
batture [1417] : bi bi, doi ct. Deleted: .
Phn y sng nh cao do bi tch dn dn,
c bit phn t gia giai on nc cn v g
ven sng h lu Mixixipi (gc ting Php l
Battre). Deleted: D
baumhaucrite [1418] : baumhaucrit.
Khong vt h n nghing, mu ch n
xm - thp: Pb3As4S9.
baumite [1419] : baumit.
Khong vt nhm kaolinit - serpentin:
(Mg, Mn,Fe,Zn)3 Si2O5(OH)4.
bauranoite [1420] : bauranoit.
Khong vt : BaU2O7.4-5H2O.
bauxite [1421] : bauxit.
mu trng nh, xm nht, nu, vng hoc
nu pht , l mt hn hp a dng ca oxid
nhm ngm nc tinh th hoc v nh hnh
(ch yu l gibsit, mt t boehmit, v diaspor),
km theo SiO2 t do, bn hydroxid Fe v c
bit l khong vt st; l laterit cha nhiu oxid
nhm. l nhng hp phn tn d hoc c
di chuyn ca trm tch st trong vng nhit i,
nhit i, thng c dng c st, kt hch,
t, ht u hoc trng c. Bauxit l ngun
chnh ly nhm (Al). Thut ng c dng
chung cho c qung nhm laterit. Bauxit trc
y c xem nh l mt khong vt st v nh
hnh v bn cht c alumin hydrat ha,
60
Al2O32H2O. t theo tn ca Les Baux de Khong vt: Al(OH)3, a hnh vi gibsit,
Provence gn Arles, Nam nc Php. khng nn ln vi beyerit.
bauxitic [1422] : bauxit. Bayes formula [1432] : cng thc Bayes.
tt. Cha nhiu bauxit, th d "bauxitic clay" Cng thc tnh xc sut c dng sau (do
(st bauxit) cha 47% n 65% Al2O3 trong mu T. Bayes chng minh t nm 1763).
nung kh, hoc "bauxitic shale" (phin st P ( A i )P ( B A i )
P (A i B)= .
bauxit) c hm lng Al2O3 cao bt thng v n
P ( A i )P ( B A i )
rt t silica (SiO2). i=1

bauxitization [1423] : bauxit ha. Trong A1, A2,..., An l nhng bin c

n
S thnh to bauxit t cc silicat nhm khng tng thch. P( Ai ) = 1 .
nguyn sinh (nh feldspar) hoc t cc khong i =1

vt st th sinh trong iu kin phong ha mnh S chung p dng cng thc ny nh

m ca vng nhit i v cn nhit i, c s
tiu nc thun li lm ha tan (thng trn
mc nc) silica (SiO2), hp phn Fe v nhng
thnh phn khc ca cc vt cht cha alumin
(Al2O3).
bavenite [1424] : bavenit.
Khong vt dng si, mu trng :
Ca4BeAl2Si9O24(OH)2. n: duplexite.
baveno twin law [1425] : lut song tinh
Baveno.
Lut song tinh t ph bin ca feldspar, trong
mt song tinh v mt tip hp l (021). Song
tinh Baveno thng gm hai n tinh th.
Baventian [1426] : Baventi (t).
Bc kh hu-a tng Anh, Pleistocen h
(nm trn Anti, nm di Paston).
bay [1427] : vnh.
1- Ni bin n su vo t lin, h thp, rng
v hnh cong; hoc cnh tay bin, h trong t
lin; hoc phn bin gia hai mi t; hoc hai
mi bin ln hn vng nhng nh hn "gulf" v
c nhng tnh cht chung ging nhau.
2- Theo tha thun quc t (v mc ch xc
nh din tch bin) vnh l mt th cha nc
c ca (ming) nh hn 24 hi l v din tch
ln hn hoc bng din tch ca na vng trn
c ng knh bng na vnh.
X : bright, embayment.
bay bar [1428] : ct, doi ct chn
vng vnh.
Thut ng ny hay b ln ln v n "ch sai
bi ct ngm thng hay cao hn mc nc
bin". n: baymonth bar; bay barrier.
bay barrier [1429] : mi vnh chn, di
chn vnh.
Thut ng c Shepard s dng (1952)
thay th t "Bay bar", c ngha l "mi t pht
trin hon ton qua ca vnh v vnh s khng
c ni lin vi bin na".
bay delta [1430] : chu th vnh.
Chu th tam gic (hay delta) hnh thnh
ca sng.
bayerite [1431] : bayerit.
sau: Nu bin c B c th xy ra vi cc iu
kin khc nhau ng thi vi tng bin c A1,
A2,..., An vi cc xc sut P(A1), P(A2),... ,P(An)
bit t trc khi tin hnh th nghim, ngoi
ra cn bit cc xc sut c iu kin P(B/Ai) th
sau khi th nghim ( bin c B xy ra) c th
nh gi cc xc sut gi thit (do cng thc
cc xc sut gi thit). Cng thc ny c th
dng nh gi trin vng ca lnh th, phng
hng tin hnh thm d.
bayhead [1433] : u vnh. Deleted: .
1- Mt phn vnh nm xa t lin nht, pha Deleted: a)
bin (u vnh).
2- T a phng min nam Hoa K ch Deleted: b)
m ly.
bayhead barrier [1434] : di chn u vnh. Deleted: .
Di chn khng di t b bin, ko di gn Deleted: .
ti u vnh, thng to thnh lch hoc vnh
Deleted: a)
bin hp.
bayhead delta [1435] : chu th u vnh. Deleted: .
Tam gic chn u vnh hay ca sng,
ni m nc sng chy ra.
bayldonite [1436] : bayldonit. Deleted: b)
Khong vt mu xanh - c n mu xanh -
sm nht: PbCu3(As,O4)2(OH)2.
bayleyite [1437] : bayleyit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu nu:
Mg2(UO2)(CO3)3.18H2O.
baylissite [1438] : baylisit.
Khong vt h n nghing: Deleted: .
K2Mg(CO3)2.4H2O.
bazanuminite [1439] : bazanuminit.
Khong vt mu trng : Formatted
Al4(SO4)(OH)10.5H2O, nm trong khe nt ca Formatted
cha st. Deleted: .
bazirite [1440] : bazirit.
Khong vt: Ba Zr Si3 O9.
beach [1441] : bi bin. Deleted: .
1- Vt liu b ri ph ln vng sn thoi Deleted: a)
in hnh vi mt ct lm, ko di v pha t
Deleted: .
lin hoc b bin c thnh to v mi mn do
tc dng ca sng v thy triu, trn c ct

61
sn ph, thng khng c .
2- Vt liu tch t tng i dy, tm thi do
sng bin mang ti gm ct, sn, cui, c
mi chn lc tt, lng ng i b c mc
nc thp nht v cao nht.
beach cusp [1442]: mm hay mu li bi bin.
Mm ct hay cui nh ra bin to thnh bi
bin do hot ng ca sng; c bit tng i
nh nm dc thng bi bin. Khong cch gia
cc mm bi bin t 10 m n 60 m v thng
tng vi cao ca sng bin.
beach face [1443] : mt bi bin.
Mt phn bi bin thng c l ra do hot
ng ca sng v b; phn t bi ca bi bin.
beach placer [1444] : sa khong b bin.
M sa khong cha cc khong vt trng sa
nh zircon, ilmenit, rutil b bin hin ti, b
bin c hay dc bin.
beach plain [1445] : ng bng bi bin.
Din tch bng phng, mt ln sng c
thnh to do sng bin bi p vt liu bin lin
tc v lun lun b sung cho ng b mt cch
t t v ng nht. n: wave-built terrance.
beach profile of equilibrium [1446] : trc
din hay mt ct cn bng bi bin.
ng b mt bi bin trn mt phng ng
so vi ng b bin. N thng lm v sn
dc hn khi nc cao v thoi v pha bin.
beach ridge [1447] : g b bin, i bi bin.
n ct, si c hnh thnh do tc dng ca
sng bin v tch t b ngoi, di ranh gii
hin ti ca sng bo hay t ti triu thng;
hay xy ra n l hoc hng lot trm tch cu
to gn song song.
beach scarp [1448] : sn bi bin, vch
bi bin.
Sn i din bc thm bi bin hu nh dc
ng do s xm thc ca sng gy ra. N c th
cao t vi ba centimet n vi mt, ty thuc
tnh cht sng v b v thnh phn, bn cht ca
bi bin.
beaded drainage [1449] : mng sng dng
ht chui.
Mt kiu mng sng sui nh, ngn, ni lin
cc vng, h, ao nh.
beaded lake [1450] : h dng chui.
Mt h trong mt chui h hoc h hp v
di gia cc n ct.
beaded stream [1451] : sui dng chui.
Sui thnh to do cc h hoc vng ni vi
nhau bi cc nhnh nh, ngn, thng c vng
bng vnh cu.
beak [1452] : nh, m (cs).
u tht nhn mnh v Hai mnh, l im
sinh trng u tin ca mnh v; hm khng
rng mt s ng vt c xng sng, nh
khng long, ra, chim. Deleted: b)
beak ridge [1453] : g nh (cs).
ng g i t nh sang hai bn, gii hn
phm vi ton b hay phn ln mt khp v
Tay cun.
beam [1454] : dm, dm mng (cctr).
beam bending test [1455] : th nghim un
dm (cctr).
Th nghim cht ti, xc nh sc bn un
ca dm. Sc bn ko ca cng c th xc
nh gin tip t th nghim un dm, s dng
h cht ti 3 hoc 4 im. Trong trng hp h
cht ti 3 im, khe nt tch xut hin ti im
c ng sut ko t gi tr cc i, tc l ngay
pha di im cht ti P. im xut hin khe
nt cng nh hng pht trin ca n b nh
hng bi nhng d thng cc b, th d: ranh
gii tinh th, cc vi khe nt v.v. Do vy, ng Deleted: .
sut ko ti mt di cng ca dm ch c th
xc nh mt cch trung bnh theo cng thc:
1.5PL , vi t l chiu cao dm, b l chiu
=
bt 2
t
Deleted:
rng, L l khong cch gia cc im ta. H
cht ti 4 im cho kt qu tt hn v ng sut
mt di cng ca dm gia hai im cht ti
pha trn l khng i. Dm thng b gy
khong gia hai im cht ti ny v do vy kt
qu t c c tnh i din cao hn so vi h Deleted: .
cht ti 3 im. ng sut ko cc i ti mt
di cng ca dm c tnh theo cng thc:
2PL .
=
bt 2
t
bean [1456] : van iu tit, vi phun
(khai thc).
bean ore [1457] : qung dng ht u
(limonit).
bear interest [1458] : sinh li.
bearing [1459] : gc phng v; chu ti,
hng chu ti.
1- Hng ca mt ng thng vi vic so
snh cc im ch yu ca a bn, thng l
gc nh hn 90 o v pha ng hay pha ty
ca kinh tuyn v da vo im pha bc hoc
nam, V d bc-ng bc 30 , nam-ty nam
30 . Deleted: .
2- S dng trong a k thut.
bearing pile [1460] : cc chu lc (cctr).
Cc chu ti trng thng ng. Ti trng c Deleted: .
th chuyn ln mt lp chu ti trng nh
(cc ta) hoc qua ma st gia b mt ca cc
v lp t xung quanh (cc ma st).
bearing pressure [1461] : p lc chu
ti (cctr).
p lc chu ti n v ca mng di tc
62
ng ca ti trng tc dng.
bearsite [1462] : bearsit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
Be2(AsO4)(OH).4H2O.
beaverite [1463] : beaverit.
Khong vt mu nu nht :
Pb(Cu,Fe,Al)3(SO4)2(OH)6.
Becke line [1464] : rim Beck.
Rim sng nm gia hai khong vt c chit
sut khc nhau khi quan st di knh hin vi.
Becke test [1465] : php th Beck.
Trong quang hc tinh th, di knh hin vi
c phng i trung bnh hoc cao, dng so
snh ch s chit sut ca khong vt vi cht
lng c chit sut nht nh. Nu hai vt th
so snh c chit sut khc nhau th ch tip gip
ca chng xut hin rim sng (rim Beck).
Rim sng s chuyn dch v pha khong vt
c chit sut nh hn khi knh hin vi h xung.
beckelite [1466] : beckelit.
Khong vt ng thc mu vng sp n
nu: Ca3 (Ce, La, Y)4 (Si, Zn)3 O15.
becquerelite [1467] : becquerelit.
Khong vt th sinh, mu h phch, vng:
Ca U6 O19.11H2O.
bed [1468] : lp, va; lng sng, y sng, y
bin, y i dng, y h; mt
hoc ghnh.
1-(t) Phn v thch a tng chnh thc nh
nht. Chng thng c gi km theo c tnh
ca lp hay va , nh va than, tng cha du,
lp cui c s, v.v. Lp (h lp) c bit trong
mt mt ct dng nh du, i snh hoc
phc v nhng mc ch c th th c th t tn
ring theo vng a l c trng km theo tn
thch hc, v d nh lp silic Bi Chy.
2-(m) Nhng ngha cn li ch cc yu t
a mo.
bed load [1469] : trm tch y.
Mt phn ti trng ca sng ngi c mang
i hay trn y sng, gm cc mnh to, nng
nh tng, cui si v ct, bt, st.
n: botom load; traction load.
bed material [1470] : vt liu y, vt cht
y.
Vt liu m t vt liu cu thnh
y sng.
bed mining [1471] : khai m.
bedded [1472] : b phn lp, b phn tng.
Cc lp c tch t, hnh thnh hay c
sp xp theo dng phn tng, phn lp, thut
ng ny cng c dng cho cc khng phi
l trm tch. X: stratified.
bedding [1473] : phn lp, phn va, th lp,
th nm.
S sp xp thnh lp, tng theo tnh cht
khc nhau v chiu dy cng nh c tnh ca
trm tch, th hin tnh cht chung v vt l, Deleted: .
cu trc hoc kiu dng ca lp v tip xc ca Deleted: T
chng vi xung quanh, nh phn lp xin,
phn lp xin cho,... Khi nim ny cng c
th dng ch s sp xp v cu trc ca Deleted: cho
xm nhp, bin cht.
X : stratification. n: layering. Deleted:
bedding fault [1474] : t gy thun va.
t gy c b mt song song vi mt lp ca Deleted: b mt
cc hp phn.
bedding joint [1475] : khe nt phn lp.
Khe nt phn lp thng i km trong
trm tch, mc d phun tro cng c th c
phn lp dng dng chy. im c trng ca
chng l nm st v song song vi cc mt phn
lp c thnh phn trm tch, mu sc, kin trc,
thnh phn khong khc nhau. Thng c lp
y bi vt cht st rt d tch ri, lm gim
ng k sc khng ct. Do c ngun gc trm
tch, chng thng kh lin tc v phng. Lu
l mt phn lp khng phi bao gi cng i km
vi khe nt phn lp. Khe nt phn lp c th
c lp y v hn gn li do qu trnh
bin cht.
bedding plane [1476] : mt lp.
1- Mt phn lp phng hay gn phng, c th
nhn thy c cc lp khc nhau (lp ng nht
hoc thnh phn thch hc khc nhau). N
thng nh du iu kin trm tch thay i c
th ch s phn lp hay mu sc khc nhau.
2- Thut ng thng ch bt k mt phn lp
no, thm ch mt bin i un cong hoc
bin dng un np. n: bedding surface.
3- Thut ng ch mt khng lin tc, dc
theo c xu th sn sng tch ri hoc
v ra.
bedding plane cave [1477]:hang ng mt lp. Deleted: .
Hang, ng rng v phng pht trin dc
theo mt phng phn lp, thng do ha tan, ra
la mt vi lp. n: bedding cave. Deleted:
bedding surface [1478] : mt tch lp,
mt phin. Deleted: .
Mt thng nhn thy trong khi vt cht ca
phn lp, th hin b mt lng ng trm tch
nguyn thy, mt tch hoc mt trung gian gn
k gia cc lp ca cc trm tch. Nu mt
nhn t cn i hoc gn phng th c gi l
mt phn lp. n: bedding plain.
bedrock [1479] : gc.
thng l rn chc nm di lp t hoc Deleted: Xem
cc trm tch cha gn kt.
beheaded stream [1480] : sng ngi b
63
 cp dng.
Phn thp hn b gim bt ca sng sui
m nc thng ngun b sng sui khc
cp dng.
beheading [1481] : cp dng, qu trnh
cp dng.
1- S ct t phn thng ngun ca sng
sui v hng chy thng ngun (chy ngc)
vo h sng sui khc.
2- S chuyn dch thng ngun ca lu vc
mng sng bng tc dng xm thc sng.
behierite [1482] : behierit.
Khong vt: (Ta, Nb) BO4.
behoite [1483] : behoit.
Khong vt: Be (OH)2.
beidellite [1484] : beidelit.
Khong vt st mu trng, nht hoc xm
- nu nht, thuc nhm smectit, thnh phn l
thuyt : Al2(Si3,67Al0,33)O10(OH)2M+0,33. Beidelit
l smectit alumin m Si+4 b thay th bi Al+3 v
khng c hoc c rt t magnesi hoc st do b
alumin thay th. Beidelit c trong t th
nhng hoc trong m st.
belemnite [1485] : tn (Belemnitida) (cs).
ng vt Chn u v trong c tp hp
trong mt b, c trng di dng ha thch l
mt v cng hnh u n, m lc sinh vt cn
sng nm bn trong thn mm. Tui: Carbon
n Eocen.
belemnoid [1486] : dng tn (Belemnoidea)
(cs).
Nhm ln ng vt Chn u v trong bao
gm nhng Tn thc th v nhng taxon gn
gi c hnh dng ging chng.
belite [1487] : belit.
Orthorilicat calci, thnh phn ca cht
clinker xi mng portland.
bellidoite [1488] : belidoit.
Khong vt h bn phng: Cu2Se.
bellingerite [1489] : belingerit.
Khong vt mu xanh sng :
Cu3(IO3)6.2H2O.
belonite [1490] : belonit.
Tinh th dng ko di hoc hnh kim.
belonosphaerite [1491] : belonosphaerit.
Thut ng c ca spherulit l khong vt
dng ta tia.
belovite [1492] : belovit.
Khong vt nhm apatit:
(Sr,Ce,Na,Ca)5(PO4)3(OH)2.
belt [1493] : ai, i.
belted coastal plain [1494] : di ng bng
duyn hi.
ng bng duyn hi rng, b chia ct giai
on trng thnh, trn hng lot questa (a
hnh n nghing) gn nh song song xen k
min t thp sinh sau hoc cc thung lng. V
d ng bng duyn hi vng vnh Mississippi.
Beltian [1495] : Belti.
Gn tng ng vi Riphei.
Beltian orogeny [1496] : to ni Belti. Deleted: a.
Tn ca giai on to ni xy ra cui Tin
Cambri pha Ty Bc M. Deleted: ;
belyankinite [1497] : belyankinit. Deleted: b.
Khong vt vng - nu nht :
Ca1-2(Ti,Zr,Nb)5O12.9H2O(?).
benavidesite [1498] : benavidesit.
Khong vt: Pb4 (Mn, Fe) Sb6 S14, cha Mn
tng t vi Benavidesit.
bench [1499] : thm, bc, b. Deleted: .
1- Mt di t di, hp, tng i phng Deleted: a)
hoc n nghing thoi. Mt nn t c
gii hn bi sn trn v sn di dc hn
c thnh to do xm thc phn d cc c
bn vng khc nhau hoc do s thay i mc
xm thc a phng.
2- Bc thm nh hoc g t, c dng bc Deleted: b)
b ph v tnh lin tc ca nghing. Deleted: t
3- B mt gc b xm thc gia cc vch,
Deleted: c)
tng ca thung lng. Thut ng ny i khi
cn ch mt hnh dng ct vo cng
phn bit n vi mm b.
bench blasting [1500] : n mn to
thm (cctr).
Phng php n mn to thm trong khai thc
l thin.
bench mark [1501] : mc cao.
Cn vit tt l BM.
bench mark soil [1502] : t chun (cctr).
t i din cho nhiu loi t tng t v
c chn do c nhng c im chi tit v
ngha lch s, phm vi a l rng hoc c tm
quan trng trong vic phn loi t.
bench placer [1503] : sa khong b, thm. Deleted: .
Thm gm ct, si, sn, cui cao hn y
sng, ngi biu hin mt phn ca y sng khi
y cn mc cao hin ti, t ngi ta khai
thc cc khong sn.
bench terrace [1504] : bc thm b. Deleted: .
1- t ging nh thm, pha trn mt Deleted: a)
phng hoc hi nghing, pha di chn dc hay
thng ng, c thit k di theo chu vi ca t
dc (sn dc) khi ln trt hoc xi mn
hoc tng tnh n nh.
2- Thut ng c th ch mt lot sn ni Deleted: b)
c ci to trng trt hoc chia l t.
bend [1505] : khc un. Deleted: .
1- Khc un, ch cong ca sng, sui (nhng Deleted: a)
cha thnh to h).
64
 2- Ch un cong ca h, lch hay b bin.
bending [1506] : un, (cctr).
S un ca cu kin hoc vt liu di tc
dng ca ti trng.
bending moment diagram [1507] : biu
momen un (cctr).
beneficiation [1508] : lm giu qung,
tuyn qung.
Beniawski criterion [1509] : tiu chun sc
bn Beniawski (cctr).
Nhm xc nh sc bn ca khi mt cch
thc nghim.
benitoite [1510] : benitoit.
Khong vt h bn phng, trong sut, t
mu xanh n khng mu: BaTi Si3O9, lng sc
mnh, thuc loi qu.
benstonite [1511] : benstonit.
Khong vt h khi thoi:
(Ca, Mg, Mn)7 (Ba, Sr)6(CO3)13.
bentone [1512] : benton.
Tn thng phm ca mt loi sn phm trn
c s ca bentonit.
bentonite [1513] : bentonit.
L mt loi xp, mn, do sng mu gm
ch yu l cc khong vt st thuc nhm
montmorilonit (smectit) v keo sillic l sn
phm bin i ha hc ca vt liu thy tinh ni
la, thng l tuf v tro ni la. Thng thng
c cha thnh phn ph l cc ht tinh th vn
l ban tinh ca m. Mu sc thay i t trng
n lc sng, xanh sng khi cn ti n vng,
hoc nu. Bentonit c dng trong nhiu
lnh vc nh dung dch khoan, ty, lc, v.v.
bentonitic arkose [1514] : arkos bentonit.
Loi tro ni la dng ct cha <25% khong
vt st bentonit. Ss : arkosic bentonite.
bentonitic clay [1515] : st bentonit.
Loi t c hm lng st montmorilonit cao
nn thng c tnh trng n ln.
bentorite [1516] : bentorit.
Khong vt :
Ca6(Cr,Al)2(SO4)3(OH)12.28H2O.
beraunite [1517] : beraunit.
Khong vt mu sm hoc nu :
Fe+2 Fe5+3(PO4)4(OH)5.4H2O.
berborite [1518] : berborit.
Khong vt: Be2(BO3)(OH, F).H2O.
berg [1519] : ni, i.
1- Thut ng c s dng vng thung
lng sng Hudson ch t "ni" hoc "i".
Ting a phng gc H Lan: Bergh, ting
c; Berg ch t "ni".
2- Thut ng c s dng Cng ha Nam
Phi ch "dy ni" hoc "rng ni".
3- Ni bng do vit tt t ICEBERG. Deleted: b)
bergenite [1520] : bergenit. Deleted: c)
Khong vt th sinh, mu nu :
Ba(UO2)4(PO4)2(OH)4.8H2O.
bergmeal [1521] : bt silic diatomit,
tripolit.
bergslagite [1522] : bergslagit.
Khong vt: CaBeAsO4.OH, cng loi vi
datolit v herderit.
berkelium [1523] : berkeli (Bk).
Nguyn t ha hc phng x s 97, thnh
vin th 8 ca dy phng x actini, c cc tnh
cht ging dy t him. Deleted: K hiu Bk.
berlinite [1524] : berlinit.
Khong vt khng mu n -hng: Al PO4. Deleted:
berm [1525] : b thm trn mt nc; b phn Deleted: s dng lm
p (cctr).
1- Di tch b mt c dng bc thm hoc b
(gh bng) pht trin thi k trng thnh
gia hay mun trong chu k xm thc, trong
c s gin on bng tr ha h lu, khot su
phn nng cao. V d di tch khng b phn ct
y thung lng sm ca mt con sng c tr
ha hoc di tch nn nng cao b bo mn do tc
dng ca sng dc theo b bin; i khi c
ngha l vai thung lng ca thung lng mi cng
vi di tch y thung lng c.
2- Di t nm ngang ni vi b, b ngp khi
nc trn (thm trn mt nc).
3- Khi t p dng tng i trng v
n nh ca khu vc t dc theo chn hoc
nn ng.
berm crest [1526] : nh thm.
ng gii hn v pha bin v thng l
im cao nht ca b thm trn bi bin. nh
thm bin ngn cch bi trc v bi sau.
bermanite [1527] : bermanit.
Khong vt mu nht - nu :
Mn+2Mn2+3(PO4)2(OH)2.4H2O.
berndtite [1528] : berndtit.
Khong vt: SnS2.
berndtite C6 [1529] : berndtit-C6.
Khong vt h su phng: SnS2.
Bernoulli effect [1530] : hiu ng Becnuli.
Trong dng chy cht lng, p sut gim khi
vn tc dng chy tng.
Bernoulli's theorem [1531] : nh l Becnuli.
Trong iu kin dng chy mt n nh, Deleted: .
ng nht, tng p lc vn tc, p lc ct cht Deleted: a)
lng, p lc do cao ti bt k mt im cho
trc bng tng cc p lc ny ti bt k mt
im no khc cng hoc tr mt mt ca cc p
lc gia hai im do ma st v nhng nguyn Deleted: b)
nhn khc gy ra (cng nu im sau thng
ngun, tr nu h ngun).
65
 Berriasian [1532] : Berias (t).
Bc do Coquand (1871) xc lp theo tn lng
Berrias ca Php, l bc ca thi a tng quc
t, phn thp nht ca Creta h (nm trn
Tithon-Volgi thng thuc Jura, nm di
Valangin).
berry strain gauge [1533] : ng h o bin
dng Tenxomet.
My o bin dng c th tho ri c gm
mt thanh di c mt u gn c nh cn u
kia di ng c ni vi mt tenxomet c mt
s.
berryite [1534] : beryit.
Khong vt: Pb2 (Cu, Ag)3 B5 S11.
berthierine [1535] : berthierin.
Khong vt kiu serpentin, khi tm mt ba
giu st, thnh phn c trng l : Fe+21,3-1,8
Fe+30,0-0,3Al0,4-1,0Mg0,1-0,7 0,0-0,3(Si1,6-1,1 Al0,4-0,9)O5
(OH)4, thng l hn hp h n nghing v h
ba phng trong trm tch, siu bin cht
thnh h st.
berthierite [1536] : berthierit.
Khong vt mu xm - thp sm: Fe Sb2 S4.
bertossaite [1537] : bertosait.
Khong vt :
(Li,Na)2(Ca,Fe,Mn)Al4(PO4)4(OH,F)4.
Bertrand lens [1538] : thu knh Bertran.
Thu knh Bertrand nm v tr gia th knh
v nicol phn tch ca knh hin vi thch hc,
dng quan st hnh giao thoa ca chm sng
hnh nn.
bertrandite [1539] : bertrandit.
Khong vt khng mu n mu vng nht:
Be4 Si2 O7 (OH)2.
beryl [1540] : beryl.
1- Khong vt: Be3 Al2 Si6 O18, mu xanh,
thnh thong c mu vng, hng hoc mu trng
(rt him), dng lng tr 6 phng trong bin
cht v trong pegmatit-granit v cng l khong
vt ph trong magma acid. Nhng loi beryl
trong sut, mu p lm qu nh emerald,
aquamarin, heliodor, golden beryl v vorobievit.
Beryl l khong vt ch yu ca beryli.
2- Green beryl: loi beryl qu c mu lc.
beryllite [1541] : berylit.
Khong vt: Be3 SiO4 (OH)2 H2O.
beryllium [1542] : beryli (Be).
Nguyn t ha hc s 4, nguyn t lng
9,0121, t trng 1,848 g/cm3 thuc nhm kim
loi nh, kim t, lithophil, c 1 ng v bn v
7 ng v khng bn. Hm lng ca Be (ppm)
trong v lc a trn l 3,1; siu mafic 0,3;
gabro basalt l 1, granit-granodiorit 5, phin
3, trong t 3. Cc khong vt tiu biu l beryl,
bertrandit. Be c dng trong cc ngnh v h
thng mch in t cao th, h thng nt la t
ng, vin thng, laze, hp kim, my bay, tu Deleted: thnh
v tr, v tinh, tn la, raa, ht nhn. Phng
php phn tch: GF-AAS, ICP-MS.
beryllium 10 age method [1543] : phng
php beryli-10 xc nh tui.
Phng php xc nh tui da vo vic o
cc hot (activity) ca beryli-10; c dng
tnh tui cc trm tch bin su.
beryllium detector [1544] : my o beryli.
My xch tay ng dng nguyn tc phn tch
hot ha tia gamma d v phn tch Be. Cn
gi l berylometer.
berylometer [1545] : my o beryli.
n: beryllium detector. Deleted: B
berzelianite [1546] : berzelianit.
Khong vt mu trng - bc: Cu2Se.
berzeliite [1547] : berzeliit.
Khong vt mu vng sng :
(Mg,Mn)2(Ca,Na)3(AsO4)3, ng hnh vi
manganberzeliit. n: berzelite.
bessmertnovite [1548] : besmertnovit.
Khong vt: Au4Cu(Te,Pb).
beta [1549] : beta.
1-(kv)- Dng ch chit sut trung gian trong
tinh th hai trc; Gc gia cc trc a v c ca
trc kt tinh.
2-(kv)- Bin dng a hnh ca nhng khong
vt c quan h cht ch v c c im vt l
c trng. a hnh beta ch khong vt n nh
nhit trung gian gia alpha v gamma, v
d nh beta cristobalite. Mt s nh khoa hc
o ngc qui c ny, s dng cho pha nhit
thp.
beta fergusonite [1550] : fergusonit beta.
Khong vt h n nghing: YNbO4, ng Deleted: a
hnh vi fergusonit.
beta-fergusonite-(Ce) [1551] : fergusonite-
(Ce) beta.
Khong vt h n nghing:
(Ce,La)NbO4. n: brocenit.
beta quartz [1552] : thch anh beta.
Dng ng hnh ca thch anh, n nh
khong nhit t 573oC n 870oC, c trc Deleted: b
ng l trc i xng bc 6 v 3 trc nm ngang
l trc i xng bc 2, c ch s chit sut v
lng chit sut thp hn alpha thch anh. Beta
quartz dng ban tinh trong porfirit-thch anh,
trong granit ch c v pegmatit granit.
n: high quartz. Deleted:
beta ray [1553] : tia beta.
beta roselite [1554] : roselit beta.
Khong vt h n nghing :
Ca2Co(AsO4)2.2H2O, ng hnh vi roselit.
66
 beta-uranophane [1555] : uranophan beta.
Khong vt th sinh h n nghing, mu
vng : Ca(UO2)2Si2O7.6H2O, ng hnh vi
uranophan.
n: beta-uranotile.
beta-uranotile [1556] : uranotil beta.
n: beta-uranophane.
beta vredenburgite [1557]: beta-vredenburgit.
L hn hp hoc mc xen nh hng ca
jacobit v hausmanit.
betafite [1558] : betafit.
Khong vt mu vng, nu, xanh nht hoc
en ca nhm pyrochlor :
(Ca,Na,U)2(Nb,Ta)2O6 (O,OH), l loi pyrochlor
giu uran trong pegmatit granit gn Betafo,
Madagascar. Betafit l mt dng ca lot lin
tc pyrochlor, c hm lng uran cao hn 15%.
n: ellsworthite, hatchettolite, blomstrandite.
betekhtinite [1559] : betekhtinit.
Khong vt h thoi: Cu10(Fe,Pb)S6.
betpakdalite [1560] : betpakdalit.
Khong vt mu vng chanh:
CaFe2H8(AsO4)2(MoO4)5.10H2O.
beudanite [1561] : beudanit.
Khong vt khi mt thoi, mu t xanh n
en: Pb Fe3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6.
beusite [1562] : beusit.
Khong vt: (Mn, Fe, Ca, Mg)3(PO4)2, quan
h vi graftonit. n: magniophilite.
bevelling [1563] : nhn, lm g gh.
Qu trnh lm nhn, g gh do xm thc cc
g nhn, cc sng nhn ca lp t .
beyerite [1564] : beyerit.
Khong vt mu nu : (Ca,Pb)Bi2(CO3)2O2,
khng nn nhm vi bayerit.
B horizon [1565] : tng B.
Tng t nm di tng A, c trng cho mt
hoc cc iu kin sau: tch t bn hu c, st,
st hoc nhm; tn d sesquioxid, st; cc
khong vt mu sm v mu do c
sesquioxid; cu to khi hay lng tr. Cc ph
tng B1, B2 v B3 c th nhn bit c. Ph
i B1 v B2 l cc ph i chuyn tip ca i
trn v i di. Tng B cn c gi l tng
tch t t hoc tng tch t bn; Tng t (th
nhng) trong lt ct c lm giu bng cc
khong vt st v ra la hexaoxid t tng A
nm trn . y l i tch t. n: subsoil.
BHP [1566] : p sut y l.
bianchite [1567] : bianchit.
Khong vt h n nghing, tm thy trong
lp trm tch trn mt t, mu trng :
(Zn,Fe)SO4.6H2O.
Biarritjian [1568] : Biaritji (t).
Bc Chu u, phn trn ca Eocen trung,
phn di ca Eocen thng, c bn tng
ng vi Barton.
biaxial [1569] : hai trc.
Thut ng ch tinh th c hai trc quang v
ba ch s chit sut. V d nh tinh th h thoi,
n nghing, ba nghing.
biaxial compression test [1570] : th nghim
nn hai trc (cctr).
Th nghim nn hai trc c thc hin bng
cch tc dng hai lc php tuyn khc nhau ln
hai cp mt bn ca mu hnh lp phng,
lng tr ch nht hoc dng tm phin. Mt
cch khc l to nn trng thi ng sut hai trc
ti mt trong ca mu hnh tr rng bng
cch cht ti dc trc trong iu kin c p sut
cht lng bao quanh tc dng ln mt ngoi ca
mu. Khi khng o c ng sut ti thi
im xy ra ph hy m phi tnh trn c s l
thuyt n hi, c th khng ph hp lm ti
thi im t ng sut cc i. Trong th
nghim nn hai trc, qu o ng sut hon ton
nm trong mt phng to nn bi hai trc v ng
sut dc theo trc th ba bng khng. Tuy
nhin, th nghim nn hai trc thng c tin
hnh trong khong bin dng n hi th
nghim cc m hnh vt l cho phn tch ng
sut quang n hi. X : uniaxial compression
test, triaxial compression test.
biaxial figure [1571] : giao thoa hai trc.
Hnh giao thoa ca tinh th hai trc.
biaxial indicatric [1572] : mt quang sut hai
trc.
Mt elipxoit ca nhng khong vt tinh h
hng thp, c ba i lng chit sut Ng,
Nm, Np.
bicchulite [1573] : bichulit.
Khong vt h lp phng : Ca2Al2SiO7.H2O,
ng hnh vi kamaishilit.
biconvex [1574] : li hai mt (cs).
phng cc mnh v, nht l ca Tay
cun, li ra c hai mnh.
bicrystal [1575] : tinh th kp.
Th lin tinh c quy lut ca nhng khong
vt ng nht.
bideauxite [1576] : bideauxit.
Khong vt: Pb2 Ag Cl3 (F, OH)2.
bieberite [1577] : bieberit.
Khong vt mu n hng, tm thy
trong lp tch t trn mt v trong nh :
CoSO4.7H2O. n: red vitriol, cobalt vitriol.
Bieniawskis geomechanical classification
scheme [1578] : h phn loi a ng lc ca
Bieniawski (cctr).
67
 n: geomechanic classification system
(RMR).
bifurcation [1579] : ng ba sng.
1- S phn nhnh ca sng ngi lm hai
sng con.
2- Nhnh sng c hnh thnh do s
tch dng.
Big Bang [1580] : Big Bang, v n cc ln.
Gi thuyt v s hnh thnh ca v tr do
Alan Guth ngi M (Hoa K) xng 1980.
A. Guth cho rng 15 t nm trc y, v tr
ca chng ta l mt vt th nh vi mt vt
cht rt ln. Ngay sau v n ln (Big Bang), vt
cht gin n v cng nhanh (inflation) v t
hnh thnh nn mi cu trc trong v tr v v
tr khng nhng do gin n, gin n v ang
gin n ngy cng nhanh hn.
bight [1581] : vng, vnh nh, khc un.
1- Ch un t t hoc ch hi cong hoc
on b bin dng li lim (vng bin). C th
ln hn vnh hoc mt phn ca vnh c cng
c im.
2- Mt vng nc hoc mt vnh ln to bi
ng b lm vo t lin.
3- i khi ch ch un cong ca sng, ca
h hoc ca dy ni.
biharmonic equation [1582] : phng trnh
iu ha kp (cctr).
Phng trnh s dng gii bi ton dch
chuyn-ng sut i vi cc hnh dng khai o
n gin nh hnh trn, elip, v.v. c th gii
bng phng php gii tch trn c s l thuyt
n hi.
bijvoetite [1583] : bijvoetit.
Khong vt: (RE)2(UO2CO3)4(OH)6.11H2O.
bikitaite [1584] : bikitait.
Khong vt h n nghing mu trng :
LiAlSi2O6.H2O.
bilibinskite [1585] : bilibinskit.
Khong vt c cu trc tinh th quan h vi
vng, trc y xp vo rickardit: Au3Cu2PbTe2.
bilinite [1586] : bilinit.
Khong vt mu trng n vng nht :
Fe+2Fe+3(SO4)4.22H2O, c dng si ta tia.
billietite [1587] : bilietit.
Khong vt th sinh, mu vng h phch :
BaU6O19.11H2O, dng tm, h thoi v quan h
cht ch vi becquerelit.
billingsleyite [1588] : bilingsleyit.
Khong vt h thoi: Ag7(Sb,As)S6.
bind [1589] : st cng, phin st cha
bitum, ni, lin kt, dnh kt.
binder [1590] : cht kt dnh, cht gn kt.
binder course [1591] : lp dnh kt, lp trung
gian (cctr).
bindheimite [1592] : bindheimit.
Khong vt th sinh: Pb2Sb2O6(O,OH). Deleted: .
bing [1593] : bi thi. Deleted: a)
bingstead [1594] : c s x l qung.
binomial nomenclature [1595] : php gi tn Deleted: b)
kp (cs).
Mt h thng gi tn ng vt v thc vt,
trong tn mi loi gm hai t (tn kp), t
th nht ch ging, t th hai ch loi, v d :
Phacops rana. n: binominal nomenclature. Deleted:
binormal [1596] : trc quang chnh.
Nhng tinh th h hng trung c mt trc
quang. Trc quang ny lun lun trng vi
phng ca trc i xng bc cao.
biochemical [1597] : sinh ha.
biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) [1598] :
nhu cu oxy sinh ha. Deleted: .
Lng oxy ha tan cn thit oxy ha cc Deleted: a)
cht hu c trong mt n v th tch nc
iu kin nhit nht nh v trong khong
thi gian nht nh. Nc cng cha nhiu cht
hu c (b nhim bn) th nhu cu oxy sinh ha Deleted: b)
cng ln. Thc t, ngi ta hay dng ch tiu
BOD5 ngha l lng nhu cu oxy trong qu Deleted: c)
trnh oxy ha sinh hc 5 ngy iu kin nhit Formatted
20oC. Tiu chun BOD5 i vi nc ung l Formatted
khng qu 4mg/l.
Formatted
biochemical rock [1599] : sinh ha.
biochore [1600] : vng phn b sinh vt,
nhm sinh cnh.
1- Mt vng c h ng vt v / hoc h thc Deleted: 1.
vt ring bit, c th l mt hay nhiu sinh cnh
ging nhau.
2- Mt phn ca b mt Tri t c kh hu Deleted:
thun li cho s sng, c trng bi mt kiu Deleted: .
thm thc vt chnh.
biochron [1601] : nin i sinh vt, sinh thi.
u tin c hiu l khong thi gian tn
ti ca mt h ng vt hay thc vt. Ngy nay,
thut ng ny ch ton b khong thi gian c
trng bng mt sinh i.
biochronologic unit [1602] : n v sinh
nin i.
1- Thut ng ch s phn chia v thi gian Deleted: a)
trn c s t liu sinh a tng hoc t liu c
sinh khch quan; mt n v thi a cht trong
din ra s trm ng mt n v sinh
a tng.
2- Thut ng ny cn c dng thay th Deleted: b)
n v sinh a tng v n v thi a tng l
mt n v vt liu c xc nh a im
chun ca n vi s ng ca cc chuyn gia
bng tiu chun tng quan thi gian tm c
68
trong nhng ha thch m trong thc hnh c
gi tr v mt tui a cht; mt n v thi a sinh vt h thng, s nghin cu lng ng trm
tng c xem l mt n v sinh a tng.
biochronostratigraphic unit [1603] : n v
nin i sinh a tng.
Thut ng dng cho mt n v thi a tng
da trn bng chng v ha thch.
bioclast [1604] : vn sinh vt (cs).
1- Mt mnh ha thch n l.
2- Vt liu t cu trc cha ng hoc bo v
ca ng vt hay thc vt, c th l ton b hay
tng mnh vn.
biocoenosis [1605] : qun lc sinh vt (cs).
1- Mt nhm di tch ha thch tm thy
cng ni sinh vt sng. n : life assemblage.
2- Mt nhm sinh vt sng gn gi nhau v
hnh thnh mt n v sinh thi t nhin.
Sn : biocoenoses.
biocorrelation [1606] : i snh sinh hc.
Vic chng minh s ging nhau ca lng
ha thch v v tr sinh a tng gia nhng n
v a cht.
biodegradability [1607]: phn hy sinh hc.
nhy cm ca mt cht ha c i vi s
phn hy sinh hc.
biofacies [1608] : sinh tng.
1- Mt phn v ca mt n v a tng phn
bit vi nhng n v k bn bng ha thch ca
chng v c nhng c im phi sinh hc, nht
l mt th trm tch hay nh vy c nhn
bit bng nhng tnh cht khng ng n trm
tch hc nh tnh ng nht v phn loi hc
hoc ngha mi trng ca ha thch.
2- Kha cnh sinh hc hay tnh cht ha
thch ca tng trm tch ca mt n v a
tng nht nh, coi nh s th hin ca nhng
iu kin sinh hc a phng, coi nh ton b
c im sinh hc ca trm tch.
3- Mt tp hp sinh vt c bit hnh thnh
trong mt s iu kin mi trng, c th so
snh vi tp hp khc hnh thnh trong cng
thi gian nhng vi nhng iu kin khc nhau;
mt t hp sinh thi ca ha thch hay ha
thch ca mt qun lc sinh vt.
biogeochemical cycling [1609] : chu k sinh
a ha.
Chu k ca cc hp phn ha hc trong h
thng sinh vt.
biogeochemical prospecting [1610] : tm
kim sinh a ha.
biogeochemistry [1611] : sinh a ha.
Mt nhnh ca a ha hc nghin cu s
phn b ca cc nguyn t ha hc trong
sinh quyn.
biogeology [1612] : sinh a cht.
Kha cnh sinh hc ca a cht, c th l c
tch di nh hng ca sinh vt hay s xc
nh mt n v b che ph bng loi thc vt
mc trn b mt n. Deleted: .
bioherm [1613]: rn sinh vt, m tiu sinh vt.
1- Khi c hnh ging i hay , m m Deleted: a.
xung quanh c bao ph bi san h, to hay
stromatoporoids v ho bi nhng c trng Deleted: a)
thch hc khc nhau. Deleted: ;
2- m tiu san h. Deleted: ,
biohorizon [1614]: tng sinh vt, tng nh du.
Deleted: b)
B mt thay i sinh a tng hoc b mt c
c trng sinh a tng c bit c ngha so Deleted: b.
snh, thng l ranh gii i sinh hc. V mt Deleted: -
l lun, l mt mt hay gia cc mt, cn Deleted: a)
trong thc tin, c th l mt lp hay mt va
Deleted: ;
sinh a tng dy, c trng.
biohydrology [1615] : thy sinh hc. Formatted
Lnh vc thy vn nghin cu s tc ng Deleted: b)
qua li gia nc, thc vt v ng vt. Deleted: -thut ng do nh ng vt
biolite [1616] : biolit. hc ngi c Moebius nh ngha v
Tn nhm khong vt c thnh to do tc gii thiu ln u tin nm 1877
ng sinh hc. Deleted: N
biologic facies [1617] : tng sinh hc. Deleted: v
Mt ng ngha ca biofacies khi c dng
trong a tng hc v trong sinh thi hc, c th Deleted: )
nh cc m tiu san h v di trm tch v s c
l "tng sinh hc" c trng bng chnh cc
sinh vt .
biological amplification [1618] : khuch i
sinh hc (dt).
Quy lut gia tng theo ly tin s tch t cc Deleted: ;
cht c hi trong c th sinh vt qua chui thc Deleted: 2)
n k tip nhau. Th d : mt h nc b
nhim bi mt cht c hi no , do c n
sinh vt ph du cng b nhim c. n lt
chim n c li b nhim c,... mi mc dinh Deleted: ;
dng k tip nhau trong phm vi nhim c Deleted: 3)
ngy cng m rng v hm lng tch t c t
trong c th cc ng vt tip th cng nhn ln
gp bi. n: biological magnification.
biological bench marking [1619] : nh mc
sinh hc.
Phng php nh gi mc nhim mi
trng da vo s tn ti v pht trin ca mt
s loi thc vt hay ng vt sng trong mi
trng y. V d dng a y d on nng Deleted: s
dioxid lu hunh trong mi trng sng ca n.
n: biological indicators. Deleted:
biological diversity [1620] : a dng sinh hc
(dt).
S phong ph v ngun gen, v ging loi
sinh vt v h sinh thi trong t nhin. a dng
sinh hc c bit c ngha khoa hc v thc
69
tin trong vic duy tr v ci thin s sng trn
Tri t, l nn tng cho s pht trin nng
nghip, lm nghip, ng nghip, y hc, du lch
v bo v mi trng. S suy thoi hay mt i
tnh a dng sinh hc ca cc h sinh thi s tc
ng tiu cc n con ngi. V vy, ti Hi
ngh Lin hip quc v mi trng v pht trin
(Rio de Janeiro, 1992), i din ca 159 quc
gia k Cng c v a dng sinh hc nhm
lin kt nhng n lc ton cu bo m s a
dng sinh hc trn hnh tinh. X : United
Nations Convention on Biological Diversity.
biological indicators [1621] : ch th sinh hc.
n: biological bench marking.
biological magnification [1622] : khuch i
sinh hc.
n: biological amplification.
biological oxygen demand [1623] : nhu cu
oxy sinh hc.
Lng oxy ha tan cn thit m bo cho
sinh vt sng trong nc.
biology [1624] : sinh vt hc.
Khoa hc nghin cu ton b sinh vt, c
bit l nhng sinh vt sng, bao gm tn sinh
vt hc v c sinh vt hc, nhng hu nh ch
c dng cho mt mnh tn sinh vt hc.
biomineral [1625] : khong vt hu c.
Khong vt "ngun gc hu c r rng", v
d nh francolite do v s Lingula hoc apatit
do xng sinh vt to thnh.
biomineralogy [1626] : khong vt sinh hc.
Nghin cu h thng v khong vt-sinh hc.
biospecies [1627] : loi sinh hc.
Mt loi c xc nh trn c s kh nng
v tim lc lai ging quan st c.
biostratigraphic classification [1628] : phn
loi sinh a tng.
S phn chia nhng lp thnh nhng n
v da trn su tp ha thch thu thp c
trong chng.
biostratigraphic unit [1629] : n v sinh a
tng.
Mt th c xc nh hay c trng bng
su tp ha thch thu thp c . Ranh gii
ca n c th hoc khng trng vi ranh gii
thch a tng. n v c s l sinh i.
n: biostratic unit.
biostratigraphic zone [1630] : i sinh
a tng.
X : biozone.
biostratigraphy [1631] : sinh a tng hc.
a tng hc da trn kha cnh c sinh ca
cc , hoc l a tng hc nghin cu bng
phng php c sinh, c th l nghin cu s
khc bit ca cc n v trn c s m t v
nghin cu nhng ha thch cha trong chng.
Vi ngha rng hn trong lnh vc nghin cu
tng th c sinh vt c nh hng quan trng
i vi a cht lch s.
biotic factors [1632] : cc nhn t sinh hc.
Nhng nhn t nh hng n mi trng do
hot ng ca sinh vt.
biotite [1633] : biotit.
1- Khong vt to phn b rng ri v Deleted: a
quan trng thuc nhm mica :
K(Mg,Fe+2)3(Al, Fe+3)Si3O10(OH)2, mu en,
nu-en hoc xanh-sm, l thnh phn ca
kt tinh (khong vt nguyn sinh trong tt c cc
loi magma v bin cht nh gneis,
phin) hoc l thnh phn vn trong ct kt
v cc trm tch khc. Biotit dng xc
nh tui a cht tuyt i bng phng php
K-Ar.
2- Thut ng ch chung cc loi mica Deleted: b
magnesi-st ha tr 3.
n: black mica, iron mica, magne mica.
biotope [1634] : sinh cnh.
Mi trng trong c mt phc h ng vt
hay thc vt sinh sng hoc tng sng.
biotype [1635] : kiu sinh hc.
Mt kiu sinh vt thuc mt nhm c cng
mt hon cnh pht sinh.
biozone [1636] : sinh i.
Mt th cc lp , n v c bn ca phn
loi sinh a tng c ba loi chnh c tha
nhn l : gian i, i tp hp v i cc thnh.
Mt sinh i c th chia thnh phn i, m n
c th c tnh cht hnh thc hoc khng.
n : biostratigraphic zone. Deleted:
biphosphammite [1637] : biphosphamit.
Khong vt h bn phng: (NH4,K)H2PO4.
bipole dipole array [1638] : h thit b lng
cc-lng cc (lng cc kp).
H thit b c s dng o in tr trong
thm d in.
bipyramid [1639] : thp i.
Khi nhiu mt, hai u l hai thp c bn
ni lin nhau.
bird [1640] : con bay.
Mt cng c trong o a vt l my bay. V
d nh mt my bay t cng vi b cm bin
trong con bay c treo ui my bay.
birdfoot delta [1641] : chu th chn chim,
delta dng chn chim.
Chu th hnh thnh do nhiu ph lu sng
c g ni ko di ra bin v trn bnh ging
dng chn chim. V d chu th sng
Mississippi (Hoa K), chu th sng M Kng
(Vit Nam).
70
 birefringent [1642] : tnh lng chit.
Tnh lng chit, tnh khc x kp.
n: birefractive, birefracting.
biringuccite [1643] : biringucit.
Khong vt h n nghing :
Na4B10O17.4H2O.
birnessite [1644] : birnesit.
Khong vt : (Na,Ca)Mn7O11.3H2O.
bisbecite [1645] : bisbecit.
Khong vt-cn nghi ng : CuSiO3.H2O (?),
ng ha tr vi chryrocola.
bischofite [1646] : bishofit.
Khong vt mu trng n khng mu:
MgCl2.6H2O.
biscuit broad topography [1647] : a hnh
bn bnh bch quy.
a hnh sng bng c c trng bi b
mt cun ln cc pha, ri vy trn ging cc
mu bnh bch quy ct ra khi c lp bt
nho; thng th hin giai on u hnh
thnh bng h. V d dy ni Sng Gi (Wind
River Mountains) Wyoming (Hoa K).
bisectrix [1648] : ng phn gic.
ng phn gic ca hai trc quang trong
tinh th h hai trc.
Bishop's simplified method of slices [1649] :
phng php lt ct gin lc ca Bishop
(cctr).
S dng trong phn tch n nh mi dc, xc
nh h s an ton ca mt mi dc, v tr ca
mt trt tim tng, v.v. Phng php ny gi
thit mt mt trt dng cung trn, chia khi
trt ra thnh nhiu lt, b qua tng tc bn
gia cc lt , nhng cho kt qu kh tin cy
vi sai s ch trong khong 0 - 8% so vi cc
phng php phc tp khc.
bismite [1650] : bismit.
Khong vt h n nghing: Bi2O3, mu vng
rm, dng bt, dng t, dng hnh vi silenit.
n: bismuth ocher.
bismoclite [1651] : bismoclit.
Khong vt mu xm nht hoc trng kem:
BiOCl, ng hnh vi daubrecit.
bismuth [1652] : bismut (Bi).
1- Tn Latinh l bismuthum (Bi). Nguyn t
ha hc s 83, nguyn t lng 208,980; t
trng 9,747 g/cm3; l kim loi nng thuc nhm
chalcophil, tnh acid yu, c 1 ng v bn Bi209
v 40 ng v khng bn. Hm lng Bi (ppm)
trong v lc a 0,123-0,127; siu mafic
0,01, trong gabro-basalt 0,05; trong granit,
granodiorit 0,2; trong phin 0,25; trong t
0,3; trong nc i dng 0,00002; trong sng
sui 0,000005. Cc khong vt tiu biu :
bismuthinit (Bi2S3), bismit. T hp t nhin Mo-
Sn-W-Cu-Pb-Ag-Au (m khong a kim).
Phng php phn tch Bi: ICP-MS, ASS. Dng
Bi trong luyn kim, xc tc, y hc, nha khoa,
m phm, pin, phng chy.
2-(kv) Khong vt khi mt thoi, kim loi t
nhin ca nguyn t Bi, rn, nng, mu trng
bc, trng-xm (c sc hng nht hoc nht)
c dng hnh cnh cy, dng tm hoc dng ht.
bismuth blende [1653] : khong bismut.
n: eulytite - Bi4Si3O12.
bismuth glance [1654] : qung bng bismut.
n: bismuthinit- Bi2S3.
bismuth gold [1655] : khong vt vng-
bismut.
n: maldonit- Au2Bi.
bismuth ocher [1656] : qung bismut.
Nhm qung oxid v carbonat bismut, c
bit l bismit Bi2O3.
bismuth spar [1657] : bismut spar.
n: bismutite. Deleted: D
bismuthide [1658] : bismutid. Formatted
Hp phn khong vt thnh phn gm Bi v
cc nguyn t dng hn Bi (Po, At, Ra, Th...).
bismuthine [1659] : bismutin.
n: bismuthinite.
bismuthinite [1660] : bismutinit.
Khong vt h thoi, mu xm-ch n trng
thic: Bi2S3, lp lnh nh kim nhiu mu, dng
tm, si hoc dng khi, i cng vi qung
ng, ch v nhng khong vt qung khc.
n: bismuth glance, bismuthine.
bismutite [1661] : bismutit.
Khong vt: (BiO)2CO3, dng t, v nh
hnh v thng trng m, vng nht hoc xm.
n: bismuth spar.
bismutoferrite [1662] : bismutoferrit.
Khong vt Bi c cng thc BiFe2(SiO4)2OH. Deleted:
bismutohauchecornite [1663] : bismuto-
hauchecornit.
Khong vt cha Bi c cng thc Ni9Bi2S8.
bismutorerrite [1664] : bismutorerit.
Khong vt: Bi Fe2(SiO4)2(OH).
bismutostibiconite [1665] : bismutostibiconit.
Khong vt nhm stibiconit :
Fe+30,54Bi+31,31Sb+51.69O7.
bismutotantalite [1666] : bismutotantalit.
Khong vt Bi t phng mu en hc n
gm Bi v Ta oxid c cng thc Bi(TaNb)O4.
bit [1667] : li khoan, mi khoan, chong,
ba nhn c , u mi khoan.
bitter lake [1668] : h nc mn hi ng. Deleted: .
H mui trong hm lng sulfat natri
trng thi dung dch cao, hm lng carbonat
71
thp v clorua bnh thng.
bittern [1669] : cht lng c.
1- Cht lng c cn li sau khi nc bin
bay hi cho n khi hu ht mui n (NaCl)
kt tinh.
2- Dung dch t nhin, trong lu vc bay hi,
cha cc mui lng, c bit c thnh phn
magnesi cao.
bittern salt [1670] : mui c v ng.
Mui c to ra t cht lng c hoc t
dung dch t nhin tng t, th d nh
magnesi- clorua, magnesi-sulfat, v.v.
bitumen [1671] : bitum, nha ng (cctr).
bituminous binder [1672] : cht gn
kt bitum.
bituminous seal [1673] : vt liu bitum lp
nht v lm kn khe nt hoc mi ni (cctr).
bityite [1674] : bityit.
Dng mica h ba phng, rn, c thnh phn
l thuyt l: Ca(Al2Li)(Si2 Al1Be1)O10(OH, F)2.
bivalve [1675] : hai mnh; (lp) Hai mnh
(Bivalvia) (cs).
Ni v mt b v c hai mnh r rt, thng
c ng c tng i i vi nhau, nh m ra, Blackmore.
khp vo; ng vt Thn mm c b v hai
mnh nh trai, s, hn, hu, thng c mt chn
hnh chic ru, c mang th dng phin mng,
v thng i xng theo mt trc chy dc thn.
bixbyite [1676] : bixbyit.
Khong vt ng thc: (Mn,Fe)2O3.
n: partridgeite, sitaparite.
bizardite [1677] : bizardit.
Alnoit cha nephelin.
bjarebyite [1678] : bjarebyit.
Khong vt h n nghing :
(Ba,Sr)(Mn,Fe,Mg)2Al2(PO4)3(OH)3.
black cotton soil [1679] : t en.
black diamond [1680] : kim cng en.
Thut ng ch carbonado; qu kim cng
mu en; hematit en, c st, nh bng nh
kim loi.
black iron ore [1681] : qung st en
(manhetit).
black lead [1682] : ch en.
X: graphite.
black lead ore [1683]:qung ch en (seruxit).
black manganese [1684] : mangan en.
Thut ng dng cho khong vt mangan mu
en nh pyrolusit, hausmanit v psilomelan.
black mica [1685] : biotit.
Mica en.
black mud [1686] : bn en.
Mt kiu bn bin c mu en do c cc
thy ngng keo sulfur, phn b iu kin sinh
vt a kh.
black ocher [1687] : ocr en.
n: wad (kv).
black opal [1688] : opal mu en.
Dng opal mu xm en.
black powder [1689] : bt thuc mn en.
black sand [1690] : ct en.
1- Ct bi tch hay ct bi bin gm ch yu Deleted: .
cc khong vt mu en, t trng ln (rutil,
granat, magnetit, v.v.) c tp trung do sng,
dng chy hoc sng v b.
2- Ct asfantit. Deleted: .
black sand beach [1691] : bi ct en.
Bi bin cha ct en do sng v dng chy
to ra.
black silver [1692] : bc mu en.
n: stephanite. Deleted: Stephanite
black tellurium [1693] : tellur mu en.
n: nagyagite. Deleted: Nagyagite
black tin [1694] : thic en.
n: cassiterite. Deleted: Cassiterite
blackmorite [1695] : blackmorit. Deleted: .
Mt dng opal mu vng Mount
bladder [1696] : ti kh (cs).
Ti kh phn hoa ca thc vt ht trn.
blade [1697] : phin, thanh; tm.
1- (cs) Cu trc b p dt pha bn ca Rng
nn (Conodonta) (thanh), v d thanh trc hoc
thanh sau c rng (da trn v tr c lin quan
vi hc y) Rng nn phc hp (dng nhnh
hay dng lc), hoc phn cha rng b p dt
pha trc hc y ca Rng nn dng phin.
2- (kv) Tinh th dng tm, dng thon di.
blakeite [1698] : blakeit.
Khong vt mu nht-nu, cha telurit
st, tm thy trong lp trm tch trn mt vng
qung vng.
Blancan [1699] : Blancan (t). Deleted: a
Bc Bc M, Pliocen (nm trn Hemphili, Deleted: b
nm di Irvington). Deleted: c
blanket [1700] : t m, lp t.
Deleted: y
1-c hnh thnh do con ngi to nn.
2-Lp t c hnh thnh t nhin do trm
tch, lng ng. Deleted: Graphite
blast [1701]: n mn ph hoc khai thc .
blasted rock [1702] : c khai thc do
n mn.
blasthole [1703] : l khoan n mn, l mn.
blasthole diameter [1704] : ng knh
l mn.
Nhn chung, chi ph cho cng tc n mn
gim khi ng knh l mn tng ln. Khai thc
l thin hin i thng s dng l mn vi
72
ng knh 9-12in., nhiu khi ti 15-17in. Song
nhiu th nghim ch ra gii hn ca s tng
ny. N mn c coi l c hiu qu khi chiu
dy lp ph t khong 40 ln ng knh l
mn. Do khi ng knh l mn tng ln,
chiu dy lp ph s tng dn, t ti chiu cao
tng khai thc, qu na th hiu qu n mn s
gim xung. Hn na, ng knh l mn tng
cng ng thi lm trm trng thm cc vn
vng, n kh v dp v t vy quanh.
blasthole inclination [1705] : nghing ca
l mn.
Trong khai thc l thin vi cc tng khai
thc c b mt dc, chiu dy lp ph hu hiu
ca hng l mn ngoi cng s thay i nu cc
l mn c khoan thng ng. Nhiu thit b
khoan ch c th khoan ng, v do vy, cch
duy nht t c hiu qu n mn nh nhau
l thay i liu thuc np dc chiu su l mn.
Nhng ngy nay, ngi ta c xu hng s dng
cc l mn nghing, nht l i vi cc hng l
mn ngoi cng. Bng cch khoan nghing song
song vi b mt thong ca mi dc, c th t
c cng mt chiu dy lp ph hu hiu.
Nhiu chuyn gia n mn cn cho rng khoan
nghing mt gc t 10-30 s lm v tt hn,
chuyn dch khi thun li hn v gim bt
dp v t do sng xung kch di ngc.
blastic deformation [1706] : bin dng n,
bin dng va p.
Mt trong nhng qu trnh bin cht nhit
ng, gy ra hin tng ti kt tinh theo nguyn
l ca Riecke, khin cc khong vt c trc
ko di theo phng vung gc vi phng ca
p sut cc i v cc khong vt mi pht trin
cng mt mt phng. Ss : clastic deformation;
plastic deformation.
blasting [1707] : n mn.
blasting charge per linear length [1708] :
liu thuc n trn mt n v chiu di (cctr).
blasting charging [1709] : np l mn (cctr).
blasting production [1710] : sn xut, khai
thc bng khoan n mn (cctr).
blasting techniques (special for improving
slope stability) [1711] : k thut khoan n mn
(c bit dng trong n nh mi dc).
blastoid [1712] : N bin (Blastoidea) (cs).
ng vt dng Hu bin thuc mt lp ch
yu c trng bng i xng nm tia pht trin
cao, s sp xp ng nht ca phin vch 4
vng vch, cc din chn mt nm ngang
chuyn ha v s c mt ca cc th xon h
hp. Tui : Ordovic n Permi.
bleeder well [1713] : ging gim p lc nc,
ging tiu nc.
Ging gim p lc nc, ging tiu nc,
thng c xy dng bo v h thng
iu. n: relief well.
blended unconformity [1714] : khng chnh
hp ha ln.
Khng chnh hp c b mt khng khc bit
v gc dc hoc tip xc r rng, th d khng
chnh hp gia granit v trm tch arko ph
trn c c im gn ging nh sn phm phong
ha granit.
blind creek [1715] : nhnh sng khng c
nc thng xuyn.
Nhnh sng ch c nc vo ma ma.
blind estuary [1716] : vng vnh, ca sng
m. Deleted: .
Thut ng c s dng Australia v Nam
Phi ch cc vng ca sng hnh phu.
blind lake [1717] : h khng c dng
chy thot.
n: enclosed lake; endorheic lake.
blind valley [1718] : thung lng m.
Thung lng vng karst c dng chy bin Deleted: (
phn cui thung lng do tiu thot vo cc hang Deleted: )
ngm trong lng t.
Deleted: chy
blister [1719] : bt, ch b phng.
Hin tng phng bt trn dng dung nham. Deleted: xung di t
Trn b mt ca dng dung nham xut hin
nhiu bt dng cu vi kch thc khc nhau, l
kt qu thot ra ca kh hoc bt kh di mt
dng dung nham.
blistered copper ore [1720] : qung ng
dng thn (calcopyrit dng thn).
blixite [1721] : blixit.
Khong vt Pb2Cl(O,OH)2.
bloated clay [1722] : t st trng n.
t st dng lm ct liu nh.
blocdite [1723] : blocdit.
Khong vt n nghing, mu trng hoc
khng mu: Mg(SO4)2.4H2O.
block field [1724] : cnh ng khi tng. Deleted: .
Tch t cc khi , cc tng trn cc
sn vng ni cao, dc nh hn 50. Trn b
mt khng c cc vt liu ht nh v mn.
Thng thng, cc khi cc tng c dng gn
trn hoc bn gc cnh do qu trnh vn chuyn
gy ra. n: block slope; stone field. Deleted: T
block flexure toppling [1725] : lt un-khi
(cctr).
Mt dng ph hy mi dc theo kiu lt.
Dng ny c trng bi un gi lin tc dc
theo cc ct di b nhiu khe nt ngang chia
ct. Cc ct b lt trong trng hp ny l do
dch chuyn nh dc theo cc khe nt ngang
73
gp li gy ra. Do rt nhiu nhng dch chuyn
nh nh vy, lt un-khi c t khe nt tch hn
so vi lt un v c t tip xc cnh-mt v
khong h hn so vi lt khi.
block mountain [1726] : ni n khi, ni
dng khi.
Ni c thnh to do t gy to khi, c
bit ch cc ni do t gy nghch chm
gy nn.
block ore [1727] : qung khi, qung tng.
block sample [1728] : mu khi (cctr).
Mu dng khi c dng th nghim.
block size [1729] : c khi .
L ng knh trung bnh ca mt khi
i din cho c tp, lp cn phn loi. N
c xc nh n gin bng cch quan st mt
vt l trn mt t hoc di ng hm, li
khoan, ng vn sau n mn hoc sn-l
tch. C khi cng c biu th dng cc
khong v gi tr in hnh, th d khi c (5-
30) 12cm. Sai s c 10-20% vn c coi l
bnh thng v khng cn phi mt qu nhiu
thi gian t chnh xc cao hn.
block sliding on clay layers [1730] : khi
trt trn cc lp st (cctr).
block slope [1731] : sn khi tng.
S tch ng cc khi, tng khc nhau vng
ni cao hoc min cc, ni sn thoi, 5o-25o.
block stream [1732] : dng tng.
Thng cc hm ni, hoc sn ni g
gh, lm v dc thng nh hn 400.
n: rock stream; stone stream.
block toppling [1733] : lt khi (cctr).
Mt dng ph hy mi dc theo kiu lt.
Khi b cc h khe nt chia ct thnh cc
khi, ct, c xu hng b lt v pha ngoi mi
dc v ri xung. lt c chia chi tit hn
thnh cc dng ph hy khc nh lt khi, lt
un, lt un-khi v lt th sinh. Lt khi c th
xy ra khi khi cng b cc h khe nt trc
giao chia ct to nn cc ct v khi ring bit.
Cc khi ngn to chn mi dc b y v pha
trc bi ti trng ca cc khi di hn pha
sau. Ph hy do s pht trin dn t chn mi
dc ln.
blocky structure [1734] : kin trc, khi
trng (cctr).
Kin trc, kt cu dng khi.
blood rain [1735] : ma mu.
Nc ma c mu do cc bi ca vt cht
c mu nhim vo nc t cc m my,
trong qu trnh nc ma ri xung c mu
nh mu.
blow count [1736] : s nht p, tr s N
(cctr).
Khi nim dng trong th nghim xuyn tiu
chun SPT, ch s ln th mt qu t nng Deleted: .
63,5kg (40bs) t cao 76cm (30") xung u Deleted: S
cn khoan ng mu ngp vo t 30cm. Nh
vy, t cng yu th N cng nh. Deleted: .
blow figure [1737] : vt v.
Mt c to nn do khong vt b p v.
Vt v khong vt c nhiu loi: vt v v s,
vt v khng bng phng, vt v dng bc, v.v.
blow pipe [1738] : ng thi.
L mt ng ng thau n gin sn sinh ra
nhit cao nh s gp la ca dng kh thi qua
n bun sen hoc ngun nhit khc vi dng
khng kh. c s dng cho phn tch mu
khong nh tnh n gin.
blow pipe reaction [1739]: phn ng ng thi.
Cc ch nh ca mu khong vt thay i
khi n c phn tch qua ng thi.
blow well [1740] : ging actezi, ging t phun. Deleted: t chy
n: artesian well; flowing artesian well. Formatted
blower [1741] : l thng kh, pht kh, Formatted
qut gi.
blowhole [1742] : hang gi; l phun kh.
1- Hang hc gn nh thng ng hoc khe
nt trong vch bin dn t pha trong hang bin Deleted: .
ngc ln b trn mt. Sng v thy triu dng
cng vi khng kh nn a vo lm cho n
nhn c hiu ng. Deleted: .
2- L phun kh rt nh trn b mt ca dng
dung nham. S thnh to l phun kh l do kt
qu s chnh lch p sut kh trong dng dung Deleted: T
nham v p sut kh quyn. Deleted: Rock
blown sand [1743] : ct bay.
n: wind sand; aeolian sand.
blowont dune [1744] : n ct thi, n ct
t on.
Tch t ct hnh thnh do gi thi mn, c
bit nu ct ht th v n ct ln, cao hn so
vi vng cung cp.
blue asbestos [1745] : asbest mu xanh.
n: crocidolite. Deleted: Crocidolite
blue green algae [1746] : To lam
(Cyanophyta) (cs).
Ngnh sinh vt c trng bi c cht dip lc
v c s gii phng oxy trong qu trnh quang
hp. Chng gm c nhng dng n bo v a
bo. y l nhng sinh vt to nn ho thch
To tng (Stromatolit).
blue john [1747] : fluorit mu xanh.
Mt dng ca fluorit, dng khi, si hoc
ct, mu xanh hoc ta, tm thy Derbyshir,
Anh. n: derbystone; blue lead; galena; blue
lead ore.
74
 blue malachite [1748] : malachit xanh.
Thng gi nhm l azurit.
blue mud [1749] : bn xanh.
Mt loi bn bn bin khi c mu xm xanh
do mang vt cht hu c v sulfur st.
blue quartz [1750] : thch anh mu xanh.
1- Dng thch anh kt tinh mu xanh nht
hoc xanh hi pha , cha bao th hnh kim
rutil, dng ht trong bin cht v magma.
2- Saphir thch anh.
blue rock phosphate [1751]:phosphat xanh.
Thut ng ch phosphat phn lp tui
Ordovic Tennesse.
blue spar [1752] : lazulit.
blue vitriol [1753] : chalcanthit.
blueschist [1754]:phin xanh, dip thch xanh.
bin cht dng phin vi mu xanh do c
mt amphibol natri, glaucophan hoc crosit v
nhng m pht xanh lausonit. Ss : glaucophane
schist (phin glaucophan).
blueschist facies [1755] : tng dip thch
xanh, tng phin xanh.
n: glaucophane-schist facies (tng dip
thch glaucophan).
bluestone [1756] : chalcanthit (kv); xanh.
1- n: chalcanthite.
2- Tn thng mi cho loi lt, xy dng-
l loi sa thch feldspar ht mn mu xm
xanh c th d dng gia cng thnh tm, c
khai thc gn sng Hudson bang New York.
Mu sc ca n l do s c mt cc khong vt
en bng, xanh ti, ch yu l hornblend v
chlorit. Thut ng cng c dng cho cc loi
khc nh phin st xanh ti, vi xanh;
L loi ct bt kt c cu to mt phng phn
lp, c hnh thnh trong m ph, h cnh
ni; Thut ng cng c dng ch phin boggildite [1774] : bogildit.
st, st cng v cho c basalt.
bluff [1757] : vch ng.
1- Vch ni, sn dc ng.
2- B cao hoc mi t dc ng, i khi l
b mt vch trn trng ta nh cnh ng.
blythite [1758] : blythit.
Loi khong vt c tm xp vo nhm
granat: Mn3+2 Mn2+3(SiO4)3.
BM [1759] : mc cao.
Vit tt ca t bench mark.
board coal [1760] : than nu, lignit t g
(woody linite).
bobierrite [1761] : bobierit.
Khong vt: Mg3 (PO4)2 . 8H2O, dng khi
hoc dng tinh th trong phn chim.
bocca [1762] : ming phun.
L hng (k h) trn phn no ca ni
la t magma v kh thot ra.
BOD [1763] : BOD, nhu cu oxy sinh ha.
Ch vit tt ca 3 t : Biochemical Oxygen Deleted: gical
Demand.
body [1764] : khi nc.
Khi nc tch bit vi cc khi nc khc, Deleted: ring
v d i dng, nc bin, nc sui, nc h. Deleted: nc
body chamber [1765] : phng cha thn,
Deleted: a
phng (cs).
Khong khng gian pha trc ca v ng Deleted: b
vt Chn u, t vch ngn cui cng n
ming v, ni cha phn thn mm ca con vt.
body stress [1766] : ng sut ni ti (cctr).
ng sut bn trong vt th di tc ng ca
ngoi lc.
body whorl [1767] : vng cha thn, vng
cui (cs).
Vng thnh to cui cng v l vng ln nht
mt v n mnh, th d ca c, ni phn ch
yu ca thn con vt c tr.
boehmite [1768] : boehmit.
Khong vt h thoi, mu nu nht: AlO(OH),
l thnh phn ch yu trong mt s bauxit v
c trng pha gama ng hnh vi diaspor.
bog [1769] : m ly, than bn.
bog iron ore [1770] : qung st m ly.
bog lake [1771] : h m ly. Deleted: .
H hoc khi nc c bao quanh bng
m ly v c trng l "y gi", thnh phn l
vt cht hu c, acid cao, him ng vt di
nc v s pht trin ca thc vt trn trm tch
cng hoc trn thm than bn na chm na ni.
bog ore [1772] : qung m ly.
bogdanovite [1773] : bogdanovit.
Khong vt c quan h cu trc vi vng:
Au5(Cu,Fe)3(Fe,Pb)2.
Khong vt: Na2Sr2Al2(PO4)F9.
boghedite [1775] : boghedit.
n: torbanit. Deleted: a)
boglime [1776] : t m ly. Deleted: b)
Lp t yu cha vt liu hu c v st vi.
n : freshwater marl.
bogmine ore [1777] : qung m ly.
bohdanowiczite [1778] : bohdanowiczit.
Khong vt: AgBiSe2.
bohemian garnet [1779] : granat Bohemian.
qu loi pyrop mu vng nht- n
sm, m, tm thy Bohemia.
bohemian rubi [1780] : rubi Bohemian.
Dng thch anh kt tinh mu , lm qu.
bohemian topaz [1781] : topaz Bohemian.
X: citrine.
boil [1782] : nc tri.
75
 Hin tng tri nc ngm t di ln di
ct ven b dng chy, khi xy ra s mt cn
bng thy tnh do nc mt dng ln hoc do
gim chiu dy lp ct trn b (chng hn do
o h).
boiling of sand [1783] : ct chy, ct
si (cctr).
Do p lc nc ln hn trng lng ht t
v gy mt cn bng, hin tng thng xy ra
khi o h mng trong t ct hoc vng chn
tip gip vi lng xm vo ma nc sng
ln. X : sand boil.
boiling spring [1784] : mch vng, mch tri.
1-Mch nc tri thng ng t di ln v
b xoy o do tc ng nhit hay p lc.
2-Mch nc tro ra t hang ng karst to
thnh dng chy xit v xoy.
bokite [1785] : bokit.
Khong vt mu en :
KAl3Fe3V6+4O76.30H2O.
boleite [1786] : boleit.
Khong vt mu xanh chm :
Pb26 Ag9Cu24Cl62(OH)48.
bollivarite [1787] : bolivarit.
Khong vt khng kt tinh:
Al2(PO4)(OH)3.4-5H2O.
bolson plain [1788] : ng bng lng cho.
ng bng xen gia ni, nm trung tm
lng cho v c cu thnh bi bi tch dy do
ni b ra tri mang xung.
boltwoodite [1789] : boltwudit.
Khong vt mu vng :
K2(UO2)2(SiO3)2(OH)2.5H2O.
bomb [1790] : bom.
Mt loi mnh vn c nm ra trng thi
nht do hot ng bng n ca ni la. Do dung
nham trng thi nht li xoay trn khi bay
trong khng gian nn khi ri xung t chng
c nhiu hnh dng khc nhau nh dng qu
bom, bnh m, xon, dt. Phn bn trong ca
bom c nhiu l hng hoc c dng bt, cn
phn bn ngoi l thy tinh hoc c st. Kch
thc ca qu bom thay i t 30-200 mm, c
khi ln hn 200mm.
bonaccordite [1791] : bonacordit.
Khong vt h thoi: Ni2FeBO5.
bonattite [1792] : bonattit.
Khong vt h n nghing: CuSO4.3H2O.
bonchevite [1793] : bonchevit.
Khong vt h thoi: PbBi4O7.
Bouguer anomaly [1794] : d thng Bughe.
D thng trng lc tnh c sau hiu chnh
cao v lp gia (hiu chnh Bughe).
Bouguer correction [1795]:hiu chnh Bughe.
Hiu chnh mt lp gia v cao a
hnh vo s liu o trng trng ti im
quan trc.
boninite [1796] : boninit. Deleted: .
Andesit thy tinh olivin-bronzit gm: olivin,
bronzit, mt t hoc khng c feldspar modal.
Tn mang a danh vng Bonin Islands,
Nht Bn.
bonshtedtite [1797] : bonshtedtit.
Khong vt : Na3Fe(PO4)(CO3), ng dng
vi bradleyit v sidorenkit.
book keeping [1798] : k ton. Formatted
boot [1799] : khi ng my.
Cc th tc chun b cho my tnh sn sng
s dng. My tnh c nhn phi thc hin
nh vy v b nh ram khng gi li cc chng
trnh khi tt in. Trong b nh rom bios ca
my tnh np sn cc chng trnh khi pht
v kim tra cc phn cng t ng chy khi
bt in (khi ng lnh). Khc vi ram, b nh
ch c ra (ROM) ny vn gi li cc d liu v
cc ch lnh chng trnh m khng i hi phi
c in.
boothite [1800] : buthit.
Khong vt h n nghing, mu xanh:
CuSO4.7H2O, xanh sng hn chalcanthit.
boracite [1801] : boracit. Deleted: .
Khong vt h thoi, mu trng, vng, xanh
nht: Mg3B7O13Cl, c tnh ha-in mnh, bin
thnh dng h lp phng nhit cao, tm
gp trong cc thnh to phun kh v m mui.
borate [1802] : borat.
Khong vt c thnh phn c trng gc cu
trc c bn l BO3-3 nh boracit: Mg3B7O13Cl.
borax [1803] : borax.
Khong vt mu trng, vng nht, xanh hoc
xm: Na2B4O7.10H2O, l khong vt ca B v c
dng thng hoa hoc dng tinh th ln h n
nghing trong h kim. Borax s dng ch yu
trong cng ngh thy tinh, s, ha-nng nghip,
dc hc v tr dung, cht lm sch, cht lm
mm nc, cht chng chy. n: tincal. Deleted:
borax head [1804] : ht borac.
Mt loi ht c s dng trong phn tch
ng thi cc hp cht kim loi.
borax lake [1805] : h borac.
H c cc b c bao ph bng cc qung
giu borac.
borcarite [1806] : borcarit.
Khong vt: Ca4 Mg H6 (BO3)4 (CO3)2.
bore [1807] : khoan.
Khoan t, v cc vt liu khc.
bored pile [1808] : cc nhi (cctr).
Cc c to nn bng cch b tng,
76
thng c ct thp trong mt l khoan vo lng
t. Loi cc ny khc vi loi c sn ri dng
kch thy lc hoc ba my ng vo nn t.
bored well [1809] : ging nng.
Ging c su t 3 n 30m, ng knh t
20 n 90cm c to ra bng cch o th
cng hoc khoan.
borehole [1810] : ging khoan, l khoan.
Ging hnh trn c bit l cc ging khoan
su vi ng knh nh nh ging du, ging
khoan nc.
borehole log [1811] : thit l khoan, tr
h khoan.
Biu mu m t s thay i a tng trong
qu trnh khoan vi cc m t v chiu su,
chiu dy, mu sc, k hiu v c tnh chung
nht ca tng lp t .
borehole sample [1812] : mu khoan,
nn khoan.
Mu t, mu ly c t cng tc khoan.
boring [1813] : khoan, cng tc khoan.
boring bar [1814] : cn khoan.
boring by percussion with rods [1815] :
khoan p bng cn.
boring by percussion with rope [1816] :
khoan p cp.
borishanskiite [1817] : borishanskiit.
Khong vt h thoi: Pd1+x(As Pb)2.
bornemanite [1818] : bornemanit.
Khong vt h thoi:
BaNa4Ti2NbSi4O17F Na3PO4.
bornhardt [1819] : nh st dng i trn, g
tch bit nhau.
Thut ng mang tn nh thm him vng
Tangaika, ngi c C. E. Bornhardt (1864-
1946).
bornhardtite [1820] : bornhardtit.
Khong vt h lp phng: CO3Se4.
bornite [1821] : bornit.
Khong vt rn, ging kim loi: Cu5FeS4,
mu nht-nu hoc -ng ti mt mi
v v m nhanh chuyn thnh mu ta hoc
xanh. Bornite l khong vt qung ng c gi
tr. n: erubescite, variegated copper ore,
peacock ore.
borolanite [1822] : borolanit.
xm nhp gm ch yu feldspar kim v
melanit vi mt s lng t nephelin, biotit v
pyroxen. Feldspar v nephelin thng to thnh
mt tp hp ging vi cc ban tinh leucit.
boron [1823] : bo (B).
Nguyn t ha hc s 5, nguyn t lng
10,8117, t trng dng tinh th: 2,34 g/cm3
thuc nhm khng kim loi nh, lithophil. C 2
ng v bn v 9 khng bn. Hm lng B
(ppm) trong v lc a 17, siu mafic 3,
gabro-basalt 8; granit-granodiorit 15; phin
130; trong t 30; trong nc i dng 4,4
mg/l; sng sui 0,01 mg/l. Cc khong vt tiu
biu ca B l: borax, turmalin, colemanit.
Phng php phn tch ICP-MS. B c dng
trong cc ngnh luyn kim, mi, thy tinh, men,
gm s, phn bn, dt may, thuc kh trng v
cng ngh ht nhn.
borovskite [1824] : borovskit.
Khong vt h lp phng: Pd3 Sb Te4.
borrow [1825] : mn t (cctr).
Khai thc t khu vc khc lm vt
liu san lp hoc p t phc v cho vic xy Deleted: s
dng ng, nn nh v cng trnh h tng c
s khc.
borrow area [1826] : vng t mn (cctr).
Din tch khu t mn c th khai thc
phc v xy dng.
borrow material [1827]:vt liu mn (cctr).
Vt liu t c vn chuyn n (mn
n) san lp v p t.
borrow pit [1828] : h o th t mn
(cctr).
H o th nh gi kh nng khai Deleted: bng
thc t.
boss [1829] : i trn, th vm, th bu. Deleted: .
1- i trn, phng hoc khi gc bn Deleted: a)
vng trn khng c t hoc thc vt.
2- Th xm nhp dng bu, vi din tch Deleted: b)
xp x 40 dm vung (100 km2), trn bnh c
dng hnh trn ( l ra). Deleted: .
bostonite [1830] : bostonit.
Deleted: .
Mt loi xm nhp su va, sng mu, c
trng l kin trc bostonit. Thnh phn ch yu
l feldspar kim v mt t hoc khng c cc
khong vt mafic (biotit, amphibol). t tn
theo thnh ph Boston, Massachusets, Hoa K.
bostwickite [1831] : bostwickit.
Khong vt: CaMn+36Si3O16.7H2O.
botallackite [1832] : botalackit.
Khong vt mu xanh nht :
Cu2(OH)3Cl. 3H2O.
botryogen [1833] : botryogen.
Khong vt mu m hoc vng m,
dng chm nho: MgFe(SO4)2(OH).7H2O.
botryoidal iron ore [1834] : qung st dng
chm nho.
bottle spring [1835] : mch y. Deleted: Ngun l nc ngt di
Mch l t y cc khi nc mt. y cc h nc mt
bottled mineral water [1836] : nc khong
ng chai.
Nc khong c np vo chai hay mt loi
77
bao b khc (can, hp) lm nc ung.
n : packaged mineral water.
bottom [1837] : y, tr, nn.
1- y ca cc th cha nc (sng,
h, bin...).
2- Thut ng c s dng nc Anh
ch phn u trc y ca h c dng ch U,
nay c ph bng trm tch do cc sui
sng a ti.
3- Tr hay y thn qung.
bottom land [1838] : thung lng.
n: bottom.
bottom set bed [1839]:trm tch y, lot y.
Mt trong s lp c th nm ngang hay
nghing thoi c lng ng pha trc ca
lp trc trong chu th. n: bottomset.
bottom terrace [1840] : thm bi tch do sng
to nn.
C thnh phn trm tch y l bn, ct ht
va, ht th, sn v cc mnh vn, c c
trng bi b mt thoi nghing (rng vi ba mt)
theo hng dng chy v vch dc (cao gn mt
mt) theo hng ngc dng.
boulangerite [1841] : boulangerit.
Khong vt mu xanh nht-xm, hoc mu
xm-kim loi: Pb5Sb4 S11.
boulder [1842] : tng ln.
1- Mt khi ring l ln hn mt hn si,
ng knh ln hn 256 mm (10 in. hoc 8 n
v phi, hoc tng ng ng knh ca mt
qu bng truyn), dng trn hoc mo m do va
p trn ng vn chuyn; khi ln nht
c cc nh trm tch hc tha nhn.
2- Mt thut ng chung cho bt k khi
no qu nng, kh nng ln bng tay,... cng
cn vit l boulder.
boulder barricade [1843] : khi tng chn
ven b.
Tch t nhiu tng ln, nhn thy c, dc
theo b gia cc trin thp (nh Labrador
thuc Hoa K).
boulder beach [1844] : bi bin c nhiu
tng .
boulder clay [1845] : st tng.
t st c ngun gc bng h. X : ground
moraine; till.
boulder facet [1846] : mt trong nhng mt
phng nh trn tng c b mt phng.
boulder pavement [1847] : l khi tng.
1- Tch t cc tng bc thm do tc dng
xm thc ca sng hoc nc chy ca sng.
2- B mt hi nghing c kt cu bi cc
tng b mt phng v khi tng v p do qu
trnh thnh hoc do cc chuyn ng ca cc
vt cht khc.
3- L sa mc cu thnh bi cc tng . Deleted: c)
4- Lp c kch thc tng i ln, lp Deleted: .
ri ng.
Deleted: a)
boulder ridge [1848] : di tng.
Di hp dc b bin gm cc tng nm Deleted: .
trn m tiu san h v hng bin, cao 1-2m. Deleted: b)
boulder size [1849] : c cui tng. Deleted:
Thut ng dng trong trm tch hc ch cui
tng c ng knh ln hn 256mm (10 in). Deleted: c)
Bouma cycle [1850] : chu k Bouma.
Tnh tun t c trng r rng ca 5 khong
thnh to cc lot turbidit. Mt hoc mt s
khong c th vng mt. Nm khong t phn
cao nht l: - pelit (bn); - cc lp song song
trn; - cc lp gn sng dng chy; - cc lp Deleted:
song song di; - lp chuyn tip. Thut ng
mang tn nh trm tch H Lan, Arnold Deleted: .
H. Bouma.
bound water [1851] : nc gn kt.
Nc tn ti trong cc vt th nh t bo ca
ng vt, thc vt v t khng th tch ra
nu khng ph hy cu trc hoc thay i thnh
phn ca vt th cha.
boundary [1852] : ranh gii, bin gii,
gii hn.
boundary condition [1853] : iu kin bin.
(cthv) Nhng iu kin tn ti ranh gii Deleted: a
phn b ca tng cha nc nh : bin khng
thm nc (khng c ngun b cp t ngoi
vo: Q=0); bin c ngun b cp khng i
(Q=const); bin c p lc khng i (H=const).
Vic xc nh iu kin bin cn thit trong tnh
ton a cht thy vn. Deleted: b
boundary condition for structural problems
[1854] : cc iu kin bin cho bi ton kt
cu (cctr).
Cc iu kin bit v dch chuyn, gc Deleted: .
nghing, lc hay momen bin ca kt cu,
dng xc nh cc hng s tch phn khi gii
phng trnh vi phn. Cc iu kin ny thng
c p dng cho kt cu v mng. ng lc
trong v mng s khng xc nh c nu Deleted: .
khng bit gii hn bin.
boundary element method (BEM) [1855] :
phng php phn t bin (cctr).
X: computational methods of stress analysis.
boundary layer [1856] : lp bin. Deleted: .
Lp cht lng (khng kh) tip gip xung Deleted: .
quanh vt rn (cng trnh). Trong lp cht lng Deleted: vi
ny vn tc s gim n khng khi bin.
Deleted: a)
boundary of saturation [1857] : ranh gii
bo ha. Deleted: xung quanh
Mt phn cch gia vng bo ha v vng Deleted: b)
78
khng bo ha ca t.
boundary slots [1858]: cc khe bin (cctr).
boundary stratotype [1859] : chun a tng
ranh gii, stratotyp ranh gii.
V tr c th trong mt trnh t a tng c
xem l tiu chun xc nh v nhn bit ranh
gii a tng, gii hn trn hoc di ca mt
chun a tng phn v (unit stratotype).
Ss : stratotype. n: type-boundary section.
boundary stresses [1860] : ng sut bin
(cctr).
boundary wave [1861] : sng mt a chn.
Sng lan truyn theo b mt t do (mt t)
hoc mt gia 2 lp.
boundary zone [1862]:khu vc bin, i bin.
Khu vc gii hn vng tn ti p lc mao dn
pha trn mc nc ngm.
bounding surface [1863] : mt g gh.
Mt xm thc gin on chia ct cc lp xin
cho cc t l khc nhau (Brookfield, 1977).
bourdon gauge [1864] : p k bourdon.
L mt ng un thnh vng cung, n s dui
thng khi c p lc bn trong lm chuyn ng
kim trn thang chia .
bournonite [1865] : burnonit.
Khong vt h thoi, mu xm-thp n en
st: PbCuSbS3, thng c dng tinh th hnh
bnh xe trong qung ng. n: wheel ore, cog-
wheel ore, endellionite, berthonite.
Boussinesq pressure bulb [1866] : vng nn
Boussinesq (cctr).
Vng nn c hnh dng phnh ra nh qu bu
gm cc ng ng tnh trong mt th n hi
bn v hn, chu mt ti trng tp trung.
boussingaultite [1867] : busingaultit.
Khong vt: (NH4)2Mg(SO4)2.6H2O.
bowenite [1868] : bowenit.
Khong vt cng, c st, mu trng-xanh
nht n xanh-vng nht ca nhm serpentin,
dng khi, dng ht tp hp dng si, c st.
Thut ng ny c dng cho qu
serpentin New Zealand. n: tangiwai.
bowlingite [1869] : bowlingit.
n: saponite.
bowralite [1870] : bowralit.
Mt loi pegmatit syenit gm ch yu nhng
tinh th feldspar kim dng tm t hnh vi mt
s lng nh amphibol natri v aegerin, thch
anh, perovskit, zircon v ilmenit. t tn theo
vng Bowral New South Wales.
box canyon [1871] : hm ni hnh hp.
1- Hm ni hoc vc su c sui chy dch
dc c c trng bi vch cao, dc ng
nh nh bc thnh to cho ta ci nhn t di
ln nh "ci hp" vy quanh.
2- Hm (canyon) tng vch-dc hng i Deleted: b)
din vi vch .
boyleite [1872] : boyleit.
Khong vt: (Zn,Mg)SO4.4H2O, b kh nc
thnh gunningit.
brabantite [1873] : brabantit.
Khong vt nhm monazit: CaTh(PO4)2.
n: lingaitukuang.
brace [1874] : chng ngang (cctr).
Chng h o, tng chn.
braced excavations [1875] : khai o c
chng ngang (cctr).
bracewellite [1876] : bracewelit. Deleted: mt
Khong vt: CrO(OH), ng cu trc vi
geothit v diaspor, ng hnh vi guyanait v
grimaldiit.
brachial [1877] : tay (cs). Deleted: .
Thuc tay hoc cu trc dng tay, th d tay
sao bin, hoc mu tay, v d ca Tay cun.
brachial ridge [1878] : g tay (cs). Deleted: .
G hp lp v ph ca mt s Tay cun c
khp ko di t vng c khp pha lng i sang
hai bn hay v pha trc ca v. Deleted: mt chic
brachial valve [1879] : mnh tay, mnh lng Deleted: trc mt
(cs).
Mt mnh ca v Tay cun cha cu trc
xng tay, thng nh hn mnh i din gi l
mnh bng v thng c nh thp, c khi
khng phn bit c.
brachidium [1880] : xng tay (cs). Deleted: c
Cu trc xng hnh quai bn trong mnh
v c tc dng lm chc v mt s Tay cun. Deleted: vt
brachiophore [1881] : tm tay (cs). Deleted: .
Cu trc dng tm dy dn mc hai bn
khe lng v mt s Tay cun.
brachiophore base [1882] : nn tm tay (cs).
Phn ni tm tay vi mnh v Tay cun.
brachiopod [1883] : Tay cun (Brachiopoda)
(cs).
ng vt khng xng sng n chic thuc
mt ngnh ln, c hai mnh v i xng hai
bn, thng sng bm y bin, nhng i khi
cng tri ni. Tui: Cambri sm n ngy nay.
brachium [1884] : tay, mu tay (cs).
Mu c dng tay cun vng nm i xng
hai bn ming ca th lc v Tay cun; mu
c ng vt khng xng sng ging nh tay,
v d sc tu ca thn u. Deleted: .
bracing [1885] : chng ngang (cctr).
Cng tc chng h o, tng chn, cng Deleted: .
tc gia cng v ti trng ngang. Deleted: a)
brackebuschite [1886] : brackebuschit.
Khong vt mu en n nht:
79
 Pb2(Mn,Fe)(VO4)2.H2O.
brackish water [1887] : nc l.
Nc c khong cao hn nc nht nhng
thp hn nc mn, thng quy c t 1 n
10 g/l.
bradleyite [1888] : bradleyit.
Khong vt: Na3Mg(PO4)(CO3) cha st
tng t vi bonshtedtit.
braggite [1889] : bragit.
Khong vt mu xm thp: (Pt, Pd, Ni) S.
braitschite [1890] : braitschit.
Khong vt: (Ca,Na2)7(Ce,La)2B22O43.7H2O.
brammallite [1891] : bramalit.
Khong vt st mica cha natri tng t vi
ilit. n: sodium illite.
branch [1892] : nhnh sng sui.
branchisland [1893] : o nhnh, o dng
cnh cy.
o c thnh to do hi t cc o nm
gia sng chnh v mt nhnh sng con.
branchwork cave [1894] : hang ng
lin thng.
Hang ng m li i qua c ni vi nhau
bi cc nhnh.
brandtite [1895] : brandtit.
Khong vt: Ca2Mn(AsO4)2.2H2O, ng hnh
vi roselit v c th cha ti 3% MgO.
brannerite [1896] : branerit.
Khong vt: (U,Ca,Ce)(Ti,Fe)2O6.
brannockite [1897] : branockit.
Khong vt h su phng nhm osumilit:
KSn2Li3Si12O36.
brassite [1898] : brasit.
Khong vt h thoi: MgAsO4.4H2O.
brassy [1899] : cha kt hch pyrit, ging
ng thau.
brat [1900] : lp kp ln pyrit trong than.
braunite [1901] : braunit.
Khong vt h bn phng, mu nu nht-
en hoc xm thp: 3Mn2O3.Mn SiO3, i khi c
cha st ng k.
bravaisite [1902] : bravaisit.
Thut ng dng ch khong vt st mica, giu
kali, c s dng lm vt liu thay th ilit, vt
liu ny l s hn hp gia montmorilomit v
ilit trong ilit chim u th, v vy bravaisit
khng phi l khong vt ring bit v khng n
nh nn kh nhn bit.
bravoite [1903] : bravoit.
Khong vt mu nu: (Ni, Fe) S2, quan h vi
pyrit song mu nht hn.
Brazil twin law [1904] : lut song tinh Brazil.
Lut song tinh trong thch anh, trong mt
song tinh thng gc vi mt trong s cc trc
kt tinh.
Brazilian emerald [1905] : emerald Brazil.
Loi turmalin mu xanh trong, tm thy
Brazil v dng lm qu.
Brazilian rubi [1906] : rubi Brazil.
Thut ng dng ch cc khong vt mu
nht xut hin Brazil, nh spinel mu -hng
sng hoc mu hng n mu -hng; loi
topaz mu m; loi turmalin mu nht.
Brazilian saphire [1907] : saphir Brazil.
Dng turmalin mu xanh Brazil v dng
lm qu.
Brazilian strength test [1908] : th nghim
cht ti Brazin (cctr).
Cng ging nh th nghim cht ti im, th
nghim cht ti Brazin thuc nhm cc th
nghim xc nh sc bn ko ca vt liu mt
cch gin tip, trong lc nn p gia cc mi Deleted: .
thp to nn mt trng thi kt hp gia nn p
v cng gin phn gia ca mu th. Mt khe
nt xut hin phn ny s pht trin theo
hng song song vi trc cht ti. Mu th Deleted: .
thng l cc on li khoan dt hnh a, c
cht ti dc theo ng knh ca n. ng
knh mu (D) t nht phi t 50mm, chiu dy
mu (t) bng khong mt na ng knh. Dng
bng dnh dn quanh chu vi mu to b mt
tip xc nhn hn. Tc gia ti thng c
ngh t khong 0,2kN/s, sao cho ph hy
xy ra trong vng 15-30s. Ti trng gy ph hy
(P) thng c o t ng. Sc bn ko ca
c tnh theo cng thc sau: = 2 P .
Dt
t
Brazilian test [1909] : th nghim Brazilian.
Th nghim xc nh sc bn ko ca vt liu
rn (, b tng,...) bng cch nn ln cnh ca
mu hnh tr. Vt nt ca mu hnh tr ny s
theo phng thng ng, th nghim ny cn c
tn gi l th nghim kiu Brazil v th nghim
nn theo ng knh.
Brazilian topaz [1910] : topaz Brazil.
Topaz mu t trng n xanh, vng nht
Brazil.
brazilianite [1911] : brazilianit.
Khong vt h n nghing, mu xanh - vng
nht n mu vng - xanh nht :
NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4.
breach [1912] : ph hy, phn ct b mt a
hnh, nh xi mn, xm thc. Deleted: .
bread crust bomb [1913] : bom v bnh m.
Mt kiu bom ni la c trng bi mt
mng cc khe nt m trn b mt ca n, do s
m rng tip tc bn trong sau khi v
cng rn.
break [1914] : t on, gin on, t gy,
80
 khc gy; ch bin i t ngt ca a hnh.
1-(t) S thay i t ngt trnh t nin i
ca trm tch, thng l du hiu ca khng
chnh hp hoc gin on, c bit l s thay
i r rt v thch hc; S gin on ca trnh t
a cht bnh thng, c bit l ca tnh lin
tc a tng; tnh khng lin tc (discontinuity).
n: gap; stratigraphic break.
2-(m) Di a hnh phn bit r rng vi
min ln cn, hoc b mt khng u, g gh.
V d thung lng sau, hm ni hoc o chia ct
dy ni.
breaker [1915] : my nghin.
breakwater barrage [1916] : chn sng.
breathing cave [1917] : hang ng th, hang
ng sng.
Hang ng c lung khng kh chuyn ng
xen k thi qua, thng vi ba pht.
breccia pipe [1918] : ng dm kt.
Mt ng dn thng ng di ni la qua
magma t trong lng t i ln mt t. N
thng c lp y bi dm kt, gm cc mnh
ni la v cc mnh c. y l mt vng
c tnh thm cao thun li cho qu trnh
khong ha.
bredigite [1919] : bredigit.
Khong vt: Ca14 Mg2 (SiO4)8, h thoi gi bn
orthosilicat calci (nhng khng ng hnh vi
olivin), n nh t nhit 800oC n 1447oC.
Ss : calcio-olivin.
Breithaupt twin law [1920] : lut song tinh
Briethaupt.
Song tinh him trong feldspar, mt song tinh
l (111).
breithauptite [1921] : breithauptit.
Khong vt mu ng: NiSb.
brenkite [1922] : brenkit.
Khong vt: CaF2.CaCO3.
breunnerite [1923] : breunerit.
Loi magnesit cha 5-30% carbonat st.
brevicone [1924] : v nn ngn (cs).
V thng hoc hi cong ca mt s Chn
u Paleozoi, thng loe ra rt nhanh t nh
xung ming nn c hnh nn ngn v khng
nhn u.
brewsterite [1925] : brewsterit.
Khong vt zeolit:
(Sr,Ba,Ca)Al2Si6O16.5H2O, thng cha mt
t calci.
brewsterlinite [1926] : brewsterlinit.
Dung dch CO2 cha trong bao th, phn b
dc theo khe nt trong thch anh, topaz v
chrysoberyl.
brezinaite [1927] : brezinait.
Khong vt thin thch: Cu3 S4.
brianite [1928] : brianit.
Khong vt: Na2 Ca Mg (PO4)2.
briartite [1929] : briartit.
Khong vt: Ca2 (Fe, Zn) Ge S4.
bridge [1930] : cu, cu t nhin. Deleted: .
1- Thnh to bt k c dng vm (dng Deleted: a)
un cong nhp cu) do tc dng xm thc to ra,
Deleted:
ni lin vc thm vi thung lng.
2- on m ca mt con sng (khi n khng Deleted: b)
chy theo khc un) ni lin hai khc un ca
sng vi nhau. n : natura bridge.
Bridgerian [1931] : Bridgeri (t).
Bc Bc M, Miocen trung (nm trn
Wasatchi, nm di Uintan).
brine [1932] : nc mui. Deleted: .
Nc c khong rt cao (hn nc bin),
thng quy c t trn 35g/l n hng trm g/l,
c hnh thnh trong iu kin nc mn b
bc hi mnh, nng mui ha tan tr nn
m c hoc nc ra la cc m mui trong
lng t.
brine lake [1933] : h nc mn.
Brinell hardness test [1934] : th nghim
cng Brinell (cctr).
Mt cch th cng mang tn nh pht
minh Thy in J.A Brinell th k 19. Ni
dung ca th nghim l dng mt qu cu ng
knh 10mm. S o cng Brinell l t s ti
trng trn din tch phn lm ca mu th.
Bringewoodian [1935] : Bringewoodi.
Bc Chu u, Silur thng (nm trn Elton,
nm di Leintwardin).
britholite [1936] : britholit.
Khong vt nhm apatit:
(Ca,Ce)5(SiO4,PO4)3(OH,F).
n: abukumalite. Formatted
britholite (Y) [1937] : britholit (Y).
Khong vt nhm apatit:
(Ca,Y)5(SiO4,PO4)3(OH, F). n: abukmalite.
British thermal unit [1938] : n v nhit ca
Anh (BTU).
Lng nhit cn thit nng nhit ca
1pound nc tng ln 1oF (tng ng vi
252calo). Trong h thng o lng quc t (SI)
ngi ta s dng i lng Jun.
brittle [1939] : d v, rn.
brittle ductile range [1940] : phm vi rn-
do (cctr).
Phm vi nhit vt liu (thp, ,...)
c th chuyn t trng thi rn thnh do hoc
ngc li. Trn phm vi ny, vt liu trong
trng thi hon ton do v di phm vi th
n hon ton rn.
81
 brittle ductile transition pressure [1941] : p
sut chuyn tip rn-do (cctr).
p sut bn ti sc bn sau cc i ca
mu khng b suy gim na v hnh vi ca
n tr nn hon ton mm do. Mc p sut ny
thay i ty theo loi .
brittle failure [1942] : ph hy rn (cctr).
L qu trnh mt sc bn t ngt dc
theo mt b mt no m khng tri qua bin
dng do ng k. Ph hy rn thng i km
vi hin tng "mm yu dn do bin dng" ca
mu .
brittle mica [1943] : mica rn.
1- Nhm khong vt mica dng tinh th c
trng, ct khai dng tm, t do hn v cha
calci (th cho kali). n: clintonite.
2- Khong vt nhm mica rn nh clintonit,
margarit, v ephesit.
3- Khong vt cha mica dng l rn, nh
cloritoit.
brittle silver ore [1944] : stefanit.
Khong vt sulphur Ag, Sb, cha ti 68%
bc. t theo tn ca nh khoa hc o Stephan.
brittleness [1945] : rn.
broad [1946] : ch m rng, on sng
m rng.
Thut ng Anh ch h hoc di nc ngt
rng v nng xung quanh y lau sy, cy c,
c to thnh do m rng sng pha gn ca
sng, ni nc chy l . c im ny ln v anatas, tm thy trong cc hc tinh m.
u tin c tm thy min ng nc Anh,
rt in hnh v cho rng n c ngun gc nhn
to, trc y vo thi Trung c ngi ta khai
thc than bn.
brocenite [1947] : brocenit.
n: beta-fergusonite-(Ce).
brochantite [1948] : brochantit.
Khong vt mu xanh emerald n xanh
m: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6, tn ti trong i oxy
ha ca m ng - sulfit. n: blanchardite;
kamarezite.
brockite [1949] : brockit.
Khong vt mu v vng:
(Ca,Th,Ce)PO4 H2O.
broggerite [1950] : brogerit.
Khong vt dng thori-uraninit: (U,Th)O2.
broken belt [1951] : ai dp v.
i chuyn tip gia i dng v bng ni.
broken formation [1952] : h tng dp v.
H tng b dp v do t gy nhng vn gi
li c tnh lin tc ch yu ca tip xc v
nhng phn v a tng bn trong.
broken ore [1953] : qung v vn.
bromargyrite [1954] : bromargyrit.
Khong vt ng thc mu vng: AgBr.
n: bromyrite.
bromellite [1955] : bromelit.
Khong vt h su phng: BeO.
bromine [1956] : brom (Br).
Tn Latinh l bromum. Nguyn t ha hc s
35, nguyn t lng 79,904; t trng 3,12
g/cm3; thuc nhm halogen, khng kim loi nh,
trng thi lng c 2 ng v bn Br79 v Br81 v
31 ng v khng bn. Hm lng Br (ppm)
trong v lc a trn l 1,6 - 2, siu mafic 1,
trong gabro-basalt 1; trong granit, granodiorit 2;
trong phin 6; trong t 10; trong nc i
dng 67,3 mg/l; trong sng sui 0,03 mg/l. T Deleted: a
hp t nhin Cl-Mg-Na-Br-S (trong nc bin).
C th cc dng kh, lng v rn trong mi
trng nhng Br thng mi thng ly trong Deleted: b
nc bin. Phng php phn tch Br: IC, INAA.
Dng Br trong y hc, nh, v.v. Deleted: c
bromlite [1957] : bromlit.
n: alstonite.
bronzite [1958] : bronzit.
Mt dng enstatit mu nu hoc xanh, cha
st v thng cha bronzelit, long lanh nh kim,
khong vt trung gian gia orthopyroxen v
enstatit, hypersthen.
Deleted: .
brookite [1959] : brukit.
Khong vt h thoi, mu nu, nht hoc
thnh thong mu en: TiO2, ng hnh vi rutil
brown algae [1960] : to nu (Phaeophyta)
(cs).
Mt ngnh to, thng l nhng rong bin c
ln c mu vng-lc nht n nu thm, do c
caroten v xanthophyl nhiu hn cht dip lc.
a s sng nc mn.
brown hematite [1961] : hematit mu nu.
Thut ng dng sai, bi v n l hematit thc
s. n: limonite.
brown hornblende [1962] : hornblend nu.
Mt dng ca hornblend giu st.
brown manganese ore [1963] : qung mangan
nu, manganit.
brown mica [1964] : mica nu.
n: phlogopite.
brown spar [1965] : spat nu.
Khong vt carbonat kt tinh c mu nu do Deleted: .
cha st, nh loi ankerit, dolomit, magnesit
hoc siderit.
brownmillerite [1966] : brownmilerit.
Khong vt: Ca2AlFeO5, l thnh phn trong
xi mng portland.
n: celite.
brucite [1967] : brucit.
82
 Khong vt h su phng: Mg(OH)2, dng
l mng lp lnh v dng si trong serpentin v
vi ln tp cht.
bruggerite [1968] : brugerit.
Khong vt h n nghing: Ca(IO3)2.H2O.
brugnatellite [1969] : brugnatelit.
Khong vt mu ti:
Mg6Fe(OH)13(CO3).4H2O.
brunekite [1970] : brunekit.
Dng keo sphalerit.
brunogeierite [1971] : brunogeierit.
Khong vt nhm spinel: (Ge,Fe)Fe2O4.
brush ore [1972] : qung st dng nh .
brushite [1973] : brushit.
Khong vt khng mu, nh lp lnh:
CaH PO4.2H2O.
Bruxellian [1974] : Bruxeli (t).
Bc Chu u, phn thp ca Eocen trung
(nm trn Ypresi, nm di Auversi), bao gm
c Cuisi v Lutet.
bryochore [1975] : vng i nguyn.
Thut ng kh hu, ch mt phn b mt Tri
t bao ph bi cc i nguyn.
Bryophyta [1976] : Ru (cs).
Mt ngnh gm cc thc vt khng c mch,
c th c thn v l ring bit nhng khng c
r thc th, bao gm a tin v ru.
bryozoan [1977] : ng vt dng ru
(Bryozoa) (cs).
ng vt khng xng sng, thuc mt
ngnh ch yu c trng bng s tng trng
qun th mt khung xng calci hoc i khi l
mng chitin v knh dn thc n hnh ch U c
ming v hu mn. Tui Ordovic n nay, c
kh nng xut hin t Cambri mun. n: sea
mat; moss animal; moss coral; moss polyp;
polyzoan.
Bubnoff unit [1978] : n v Bubnoff.
Phn v o khong thi gian a cht (vn
ng v tng trng) v xc nh l
1 micron/1nm (1mm/1000 nm, 1m/1000000
nm).
buchonite [1979] : buchonit.
phun tro sm mu cha hornblend,
biotit, plagioclas, nephelin v augit. t tn theo
vng Buchonia, c.
buck [1980] : my nghin qung.
bucking [1981] : nghin qung (bng tay).
buckling of a roof span [1982] : gy sp ca
mt on mi hm l (cctr).
buckling of slabs [1983] : ph hy tm, lp
dng on (cctr).
C th xy ra cc lp mng dc theo mt
gim yu c gc ma st nh, nh cc va than
xen kp vi cc lp mylonit c ma st thp.
Thng xy ra khi hi mt s iu kin v
chiu di, chiu dy v gc dc ca lp.
buddingtonite [1984] : budingtonit.
Khong vt: (NH4)AlSi3O8.nH2O, trong
n = 0,5, ng kin trc vi orthoclas.
buddle [1985] : bn i qung; i qung. Deleted: .
buergerite [1986] : buergerit. Deleted: (t):
Khong vt nhm turmalin:
NaFe+33Al6Si6B3O30F.
buetschilite [1987] : buetschilit.
Khong vt: K2Ca(CO3)2, ng hnh vi
fairchildit.
buffalo wallow [1988] : vng tru m.
Mt trong nhng min vng nng khng c
h thng sng i qua, thng thy min ty
nc M (Hoa K) ng bng V i, thng
c nc khi ma. Ni chung ngi ta tin rng,
n c hnh thnh trc tin do hng n tru
b gim p v dm mnh trong bn v bi, sau
c tn gi nh vy. su t vi ba centimet
n mt, rng t 15 n 20m.
buffer blasting [1989] : n mn m (cctr).
Cng vi n mn phn ct trc (pre-
splitting) v n mn lm nhn mt (smooth-wall
blasting), l mt trong nhng bin php n mn
c bit nhm lm tng n nh ca mi dc,
nht l trong khai thc l thin. Bin php ny
c thc hin bng cch tng khong cch gia
hng l mn cui cng v ng o (digline).
Tng t, c th gim chiu dy lp ph mi
l mn, gim khong cch gia cc l mn trong
hng v gim liu thuc np.
built terrace [1990] : thm sng v. Deleted: .
1- Thm do sng to nn. Deleted: a)
2- Thm bi tch (thm xy dng).
Deleted: b)
bukovite [1991] : bukovit.
Khong vt h bn phng: Ti(Cu,Fe)Se2.
bukovskyite [1992] : bukovskyit.
Khong vt: Fe(AsO4)(SO4).7H2O.
bulachit [1993] : bulachit.
Khong vt: Al2(AsO4)(OH)3.
bulb of pressure [1994] : bong bng p
lc (cctr).
Vng p lc dng bong bng trong khng
gian 3 chiu di y mng cng trnh hnh
thnh do ngoi lc tc dng.
Bulitian [1995] : Bulit (t).
Bc Bc M, Paleocen (nm trn Ynezi,
nm di Penut).
bulk density [1996] : trng lng n v ri
ca t, th trng ri (cctr).
n: apparent density.
bulk floatation [1997] : tuyn ni hn hp.
83
 bulk modulus of elasticity [1998] : modul n
hi th tch (cctr).
T s gia ng sut khng gian (ko hay
nn) nh nhau theo mi hng trn s thay i
th tch tng ng. V d in hnh nht c th
k n l p lc thy tnh v trng thi thay i
th tch tng ng. Modul th tch K lin h vi
modul n hi E v h s Poisson () theo biu
thc: E = 3K (1-2).
bulkhead [1999] : vch ngn, chn, tng
chn, quai, k (cctr).
Kt cu hoc tng chn chng p lc
nc hoc t.
bulking [2000] : n, phnh to (cctr).
S tng th tch ca ct khi trng thi t
so vi th tch ca n trng thi kh. Hin
tng ny cn c lu khi o th tch ca ct.
Th tch mu ct s tng dn cng vi m
n mt gii hn nht nh ri gim dn. Ct
trng thi bo ha (ngp nc) s c th tch gn
vi trng thi kh.
bulking (as in bulking factor) [2001] : tng
th tch, trng n ca t (cctr).
bullion [2002] : vng sa khong, thoi vng, kt
hch cha ha thch.
bultfonteinite [2003] : bultfonteinit.
Khong vt: Ca2SiO2(OH,F)4, tm thy
Bultfontein, Nam Phi.
bunch [2004] : .
bunker [2005] : hm cha.
bunsenite [2006] : bunsenit.
Khong vt mu xanh - h trn : NiO.
Bunter [2007] : Bunter, Buntsandstein (t).
Thng Chu u (c bit c), Trias h
(nm trn Permi, nm di Muschelkalk, Trias
trung).
buoyancy [2008] : hin tng y ni, hiu
ng y ni (cctr).
Hin tng y ni, hiu ng y ni ca
nc theo Archimed.
buoyancy force [2009] : lc y ni (cctr).
S gim trng lng ca mt vt th khi
nhng trong mt cht lng (nc) do cht lng
(nc) tc dng mt lc y ni ln vt .
Nu vt th ni trong cht lng th trng lng
ca n bng trng lng ca cht lng b vt
chim ch. Hin tng ny c nh trit hc
ni ting Archimed ngi Hy Lp pht minh ra
vo th k th 3 trc Cng nguyn (cn gi l
nguyn l Archimed).
buoyancy unit weight [2010] : trng lng
y ni (cctr).
Trng lng ring ca t trong nc.
buoyant foundation [2011] : mng ni
(cctr).
Mng b bng b tng ct thp c tnh
ton sao cho trng lng chu ti (trng lng Deleted: ca
bn thn v ca cng trnh) chnh bng trng Deleted: so vi
lng ca t v nc b n chim ch. Mng
ny c s dng c bit trong iu kin t
ht mn v mt nc ngm cao (gn mt t). Deleted: Mi lin h gia m
burangaite [2012] : burangait.
Khong vt :
(Na,Ca)2(Fe,Mg)2Al10(PO4)8(O, OH)12.4H2O. Deleted:
burbankite [2013] : burbankit.
Deleted:
Khong vt h su phng :
(Na,Ca,Sr,Ba,Ce)6(CO3)5.
burden [2014] : lp ph.
Burdigalian [2015] : Burdigal (t). Deleted: n
Bc do Deperet (1892) xc lp theo a danh
Deleted: thnh
Burdigal, tn Latin ca Bordeaux Php, l bc
ca thi a tng quc t, Miocen (nm trn Deleted: d
Aquitan, nm di Langhi). Deleted: S n ra ca t
buried erosion surface [2016] : mt xm
thc n. Deleted: .
Bn bnh nguyn c ph bi cc trm tch
tr hn, c th biu hin nh mt khng chnh
hp di su.
buried focus [2017] : tiu im n.
Mt trng thi trong a chn thm d m ti
ni , lm ca mt phn x rng nn
nng lng s hi t trc khi nng lng n
mt t my ghi.
buried river [2018] : sng m, sng n. Deleted: .
Lng sng b vi lp pha di bng bi
tch, dung nham, ni la hoc st tng ln.
buried valley [2019] : thung lng n, m. Deleted: .
Thung lng trn b mt t c hoc trn
gc hin c ph bi cc trm tch tr hn.
burkeite [2020] : burkeit.
Khong vt mu trng, vng da b hoc xm
nht: Na6(CO3)(SO4).
burn cut blasting [2021] : Phng php n
mn kiu burn-cut (cctr).
bursaite [2022] : bursait.
Khong vt: Pb5Bi4S11.
burtite [2023] : burtit.
Khong vt: CaSn(OH)6.
bustamite [2024] : bustamit.
Khong vt mu - xm nht: CaMnSi2O6.
butlerite [2025] : butlerit.
Khong vt h n nghing :
FeSO4(OH).2H2O. Ss : parabutlerite.
butt [2026] : u cc (cctr).
u cc mng bng b tng, thp, g
hoc tre.
butte [2027] : g st, i n c.
1- G n l, nh phng hoc ni nh c Deleted: a)
84
sn tng i dc hoc vch dc ng,
thng c cc lp ph bn vng v gii hn
bi taluy; th hin di tch xm thc c ph bi
cc nm ngang, nhiu i st, ni st nh
nhn pht trin vng kh hu kh hn v bn
kh hn min ty Hoa K. a hnh c
thnh to l do s ra tri v xi l ca i mt
bn, i nh phng.
2- i n l, sn dc lm chm, nh trn,
nhn hoc nh bt k. V d: i dng nn, nn
ni la.
buttress [2028] : g; .
1-(cs) Ch g ra bn trong v ca Thn
mm hai mnh c tc dng phin bn l hoc
mu chng trong; g chy t mu tai ca Cu
gai v pha nh mt trong ca hp v; phn
m rng hnh li v pha i ming ca rng
nh Rng nn, thng l v c hai pha trong
v ngoi.
2-(cctr) Cng tc gia c, tng cng kt cu
hoc h o.
3-(m) Khi nh ra hoc mt phn mm
ni (mm i) ging nh hin nh; Nhnh ni
hoc phn t trt xung t sn dc .
buttress dam [2029] : p tr chng.
buttress sand [2030] : ct m.
Loi ct kt ct qua b mt di ca mt bt
chnh hp nh mt np li b ct ct. N thng
to nn mt by du kh.
buttress unconformity [2031] : khng chnh
hp gia c.
L b mt c cc tng bin tin gi u
ln vch a hnh dc. C th l sn phm ca
trm tch bin ph ln cc vch c hn, nm
di nc gia bn nc su vi bnh nguyn.
Khng chnh hp gia c c th c to ra dc
mt vch ng c l c di bin, nm
gia bn nc su v thm. Deleted: b).
by pass barrage [2032] : p trnh quai. Deleted: VD
by stream [2033] : dng ph. Deleted: v
Phn bi bi cha mt ai trm tch hp
nm ngay cnh dng chy v thng c thnh
phn l ct bi tch.
by terrace [2034] : ph thm. Deleted: .
Mt phn ca bi bi c mt di hp cu
thnh t trm tch st, nm lin k vi thm
khong cch va phi so vi dng sng.
by water [2035] : by-water.
Kim cng mu vng nht.
bysmalith [2036] : bysmalith.
Xm nhp magma dng xi lanh thng ng,
c gii hn bi cc t gy dc ng. N
c m t nh l mt kiu ca laccolith.
byssal gape [2037] : khe t bm (cs).
Khe nh nm gia cc mp v ca Thn
mm hai mnh dnh ch cho t bm i qua. Deleted:
byssus [2038] : t bm (cs).
Mt tm hoc chm t dng si tc Thn
mm hai mnh c tc dng gip con vt bm Deleted: mm
nht thi vo hay mt vt no .
85
 cabin [2039] : bung iu khin.
cable [2040] : cp, dy ni cc thit b tin hc.
cable belt [2041] : cp vn chuyn.
cable box [2042] : hp ni cp.
cable dowel [2043] : neo cp.
cable drilling [2044] : khoan cp.
cable drum [2045] :thng vn chuyn trn cp.
cable tool rig [2046] : b thit b cho
khoan cp.
cabriite [2047] : cabriit.
Khong vt Pd2SnCu, gp trong qung
sulfua Cu-Ni dng khi.
cacholong [2048] : opal trng s.
Loi opal cha mt t alumin, mu trng-
xanh, vng nht hoc nht, nh m c.
cacoxenite [2049] : cacoxenit.
Khong vt mu vng hoc nu nht:
Fe+39(PO4)4(OH)15.8H2O. n: cacoxene.
cadastral [2050] : a b, a chnh.
Dt: cadastre.
cadastral map [2051] : bn a chnh.
Bn qun l t ai.
cadastre [2052] : o rung t v ghi a b.
Tt: cadastral.
cadastre value of a mineral deposit [2053] :
gi a b (cadastre) m khong.
Gi tr m khong sn tnh bng tin c
dng thng k cc m khong theo gi tr
nh ti sn quc gia. Gi a b (cadastre) m
khong phn nh trn thc t s hu nh nc
i vi lng t, mi quan h tin-hng v h
thng tn dng ca nn kinh t.
cadmia [2054] : cadmia.
1- (kv) n: calamine.
2- Hp cht ha hc cng thc CdO.
3- Oxid km khng sch bm trn thnh l
nung khi nung chy qung km.
cadmium [2055] : cadmi (Cd).
Nguyn t ha hc s 48, nguyn t lng
112,4118; t trng 8,65 g/cm3; C 8 ng v bn
v 34 ng v khng bn, trng thi rn, thuc
nhm kim loi nng, chalcophil. Hm lng Cd
trong cc (theo ppm): trong v lc a trn l
0,10; siu mafic l 0,05; gabro-basalt l 0,2;
granit-granodiorit l 0,1; trong t l 0,3; trong
nc i dng 0,0001 mg/l, trong sng sui l
0,00002mg/l. Cc khong vt tiu biu l
grenockit (CdS), otavit (CdCO3), monteponit
(CdO). Cd cn c trong khong vt qung ch-
km, trong biotit v amphibol. c s dng
trong k thut v tuyn, pin, cht to mu,
m in, v.v.
cadmium blende [2056] : grenockit.
X: greenockite (CdS).
cadmium ocher [2057] : grenockit.
X: greenockite (CdS).
cadwaladerite [2058] : cadwaladerit.
Khong vt: Al(OH)2Cl. 4H2O.
caecum [2059] : u ct siphon, nhnh ct.
u pha nh hnh ti ca siphon dng
Anh v v dng Cc ; u th ra ca biu m
ngoi qua l trong v Tay cun.
Caerfaian [2060] : Caerfai.
Bc Chu u, Cambri h (nm trn Tin
Cambri, nm di Solvan).
caesium [2061] : cesi (Cs) (M: cesium).
Tn Latinh l caesium. L nguyn t ha hc
nhm I h tun hon Mendeleev. S th t
nguyn t 55, khi lng nguyn t 132,905,
thuc nhm kim loi kim. Cs l nguyn t u
tin c tm ra bng phng php phn tch
quang ph. Nm 1860, hai nh bc hc ngi
c R.Bunsen, G.Kirchhoff da vo vch xanh
lam ti trong quang ph pht hin c mt
nguyn t mi c trong nc khong Bayern.
Tn gi nguyn t t ch Latinh "cesius" l
"xanh da tri". Cs l nguyn t kh him, chim
3,7x10-4% khi lng v Tri t. V c hot
tnh ha hc cao, trong t nhin Cs ch dng
hp cht. Trong nc bin c rt t Cs. Ch c
polucit (Cs,Na)2 Al2Si4O12.H2O, l khong vt c
gi tr cng nghip ca Cs. Cs l kim loi nh,
mm, hi vng, rt d nng chy, tnc = 28,5oC.
Cs c tnh kim loi th hin r rng, l kim loi
kim hot ng nht v ha hc nu khng k
86
n nguyn t franci (Fr) phng x. Cs phn ng
mnh lit vi halogen, lu hunh, phosphor v
vi nc ngay dng nc . Cs phn ng vi
carbon khng nhng dng graphit, m c
dng kim cng na. S oxy ha ca Cs lun
lun l +1. Cesi hydroxid (CsOH) l cht kim
mnh nht. Trong thc t, ngi ta s dng kh
rng ri cc hp cht ca Cs: trong quang hc,
k thut in, nh v v tuyn, cng nghip ha
hc, k thut in nh.
cafarsite [2062] : cafarsit.
Khong vt: (Ca6Mn+20,8Mn+30,9)Ti3.0,Fe+21,1,
Fe 1,9 .As+3O36 .4,5H2O.
+3
cage box [2063] : bung khai thc.
cage road [2064] : khu vc khai thc.
cahnite [2065] : cahnit.
Khong vt h bn phng, tinh th hnh
cu, mu trng: Ca2B(AsO4)4(OH)4.
Cainophyticum [2066] : i thc vt Cainozoi
(Kainozoi).
Mt phn v c thc vt trong thi gian a
cht gn tng ng vi i Cainozoi (Kainozoi)
v c trng bi i sng thc vt ca i
Cainozoi (Kainozoi).
Cainozoic [2067] : Cainozoi (Kainozoi),
Tn sinh.
n: Cenozoic.
cairngorm [2068] : cairngorm.
Mt dng thch anh m khi, gp
Cairngorm, Scotland.
cairnotype rocks [2069] : hnh thp (ca
phun tro).
caisson [2070] : ging chm, mng hp,
mng ging.
C ng knh ln c th thi cng bng cng
tc khoan hoc cng ngh ging chm hi p.
caisson pile [2071] : cc ging chm.
Cc nhi b tng c to nn bng phng
php ng vo t mt ng thp, o b phn
t bn trong v nhi y lng ng bng vt liu
b tng.
cala [2072] : vnh nh, ngn, hnh ch V hoc
lch c to thnh trong vi.
cala coast [2073] : b bin c nhiu vnh nh,
b bin khc khuu.
B bin c thnh to bi s nhn chm ca
nhiu thung lng nh c sn dc kiu vnh nh
ch V, phn cch bi cc bn o nh v di
nh hng ca sng v b. V d: mt s b
bin ca a Trung Hi.
Calabrian [2074] : Calabri (t).
Bc Chu u, Pleistocen h (nm trn Asti-
Redoni ca Pliocen, nm di Emili), l trm
tch bin Php v Italia, tng ng vi bc
Villafranchi lc a cc ni khc.
calamine [2075] : calamin.
1- Thut ng dng Hoa K cho hemi-
morphit.
2- Tn thng s dng Anh cho smithsonit.
3- Hydrozincit.
4- Trong thng mi, khai m, luyn kim
ch qung km oxy ha (gm c silicat v
carbonat) phn bit vi sulfua km.
n: cadmia.
calamite [2076] : calamit.
calaverite [2077] : calaverit.
Khong vt h n nghing, mu vng-ng
nht hoc mu trng-thic: AuTe2, thng cha
bc v l ngun qung vng quan trng.
calc alkali rock series [2078] : lot
kim - vi.
Lot cc ni la cng magma qu bo ha
silic, c c trng bi s c mt ca nn augit
v hypersten (basalt v andesit), hypersten
(dacit) hoc biotit hoc hornblend (ryolit) v
thnh phn ha hc c c trng bi t l kh
n nh ca s giu st so vi magnesi trong qu
trnh tin ho ca lot.
calc alkaline rocks [2079] : kim vi.
calc silicate hornfels [2080]: sng silicat Ca.
calc sinter [2081] : travertin, tp vi, nh vi.
1- vi cu to kt vn hoc vi c st,
kt tinh ht mn mu trng, mu kem hay sm
vng, c to thnh do carbonat calci kt ta
theo phng thc ha hc nhanh t dung dch
nc b mt hay nc ngm. N cn c to
thnh trong cc hang ng vi nh mng ,
nh v dc khe nt, ng gy.
2- Trm tch carbonat calci trong hang ng.
3- Kt hch vi. n: travertine.
calc tufa [2082] : tufa vi, travertin.
n: tufa.
calcarenaceous [2083] : cha vi, cha calcit.
Loi ct kt giu mnh vn carbonat calci; v
d loi ortoquartzit vi, trong thnh phn vi
chim ti 50% tng hm lng mnh vn
ca .
calcarenite [2084] : calcarenit.
Loi vi cha trn 50% cc ht calcit ti
sinh c ht ct.
calcarenitic limestone [2085] : vi dng ct.
Thut ng ch loi vi cha trn 10%
nn bn vi nguyn sinh (kch thc ht di
0,06mm) i km vi trn 10% ht vn carbonat
kch thc ln (c ct v si).
calcareous [2086] : cha vi.
Loi vt liu cha carbonat calci. Khi dng
gi tn th thnh phn phi cha 50% l
87
carbonat calci.
calcareous algae [2087] : to vi.
Loi to thng ht carbonat calci trong mi
trng sng nc nng ca chng, ri thi ra
hoc tch n xung quanh, tn thnh mt cu
trc vi t nhiu cng chc.
calcareous cement [2088] : xi mng vi.
calcareous clay [2089] : st cha vi.
Loi st cha mt lng ng k carbonat-
calci.
calcareous dolomite [2090] : dolomit vi.
Thut ng ch loi carbonat cha 50-
90% dolomit.
calcareous marl [2091] : marl vi.
calcareous nannoplankton [2092] : vi sinh
vt tri ni to vi.
Loi ng vt n bo c t bo sc t
thng sinh ra to cu trong mt s pha ca chu
k sng ca chng.
calcareous ooze [2093] : bn vi.
Trm tch bin khi su cha ti thiu 30%
cc tn tch khung xng thnh phn vi.
calcareous rock [2094] : cha vi.
Loi trm tch c cha mt lng ng k
carbonat calci, nh vi, phn, tuf vi, hoc
ct kt vn v vi.
calcareous sandstone [2095] : ct kt cha vi.
1- Loi ct kt c xi mng calcit gn kt.
2- Loi ct kt cha mt lng ng k
carbonat calci, nhng trong ht vn thch
anh c mt vi hm lng khong 50%
thnh phn.
calcareous shale [2096] : phin st cha vi.
Loi phin st cha ti thiu 20%
carbonat calci di dng tch t nh hoc cc
ht nh trm tch ngun sinh vt.
calcareous sinter [2097] : nh vi,
travertin.
calcareous soil [2098] : t cha vi.
Loi t c cha mt hm lng carbonat
si bt khi nh acid HCl ln.
calcareous tufa [2099] : tufa vi, travertin.
n: tufa.
calcarinate [2100] : xi mng vi.
Thut ng ch thnh phn xi mng
carbonat calci ca mt loi trm tch.
calci-alkalic [2101] : vi-kim.
Thut ng ny ch lot magma c phn
trm trng lng SiO2 gia 56 v 61, khi phn
trm trng lng CaO v K2O + Na2O bng
nhau; ch magma cha plagioclas.
calcian dolomite [2102] : olomit calci.
Khong vt dolomit cha vt tri ti thiu
8% calci so vi thnh phn l tng (Ca:Mg=1).
calciborite [2103] : calciborit.
Khong vt mu trng: CaB2O4.
calcibreccia [2104] : dm kt vi.
1- Loi dm kt vi.
2- Loi calcirudite trong cc ht vn c
dng gc cnh vi kch thc ln hn 2mm.
calciclase [2105] : anorthit.
calciclasite [2106] : anorthitit.
calciclastic [2107] : trm tch vn vi,
carbonat phn lp.
Thut ng dng ch mt loi trm tch
mnh vn carbonat.
calciferous [2108] : cha vi.
calcification [2109] : vi ha.
S lng ng mui calci trong m sng.
Cng l s thay th cc vt cht hu c, thng
l cc b phn cng, bi carbonat calci trong
qu trnh ha thch.
calcigranite [2110] : granit c plagioclas bas.
calcigravel [2111] : sn vi.
Mnh vn b ri c kch thc tng ng vi
vi dng cui dm (calcirudite).
calcilith [2112] : vi, vi sinh vt.
1- Thut ng ch mt loi vi.
2- Loi trm tch c thnh phn ch yu l
cc tn tch sinh vt thnh phn vi.
calcilutite [2113] : calcilutit, vi ht mn;
vi dng bn.
1- Loi vi cha trn 50% ht vn calcit
c kch thc c bt v (hoc) st.
2- Loi bn vi c kt chc. Mt s tc gi
s dng thut ng ny vi ngha rng hn ch
cc carbonat cha cc thnh phn kt tinh
thun tu ngun gc ho hc (v c hoc
hu c).
calcimicrite [2114] : calcimicrit, bn vi.
Thut ng ch loi vi c thnh phn l
cc ht vi ng knh di 20 micron v hm
lng thnh phn bn (micrite) chim u th so
vi thnh phn vn (alochem).
calcio-olivine [2115] : olivin calci.
Khong vt orthosilicat calci: Ca2SiO4, h
thoi, n nh nhit t 780o n 830oC v
ng hnh vi olivin. Thut ng ny cng c
dng ch loi olivin cha calci, st.
Ss: bredigite. n: lime olivine.
calciocopiapite [2116] : calciocopiapit.
Khong vt nhm copiapit:
CaFe4(SO4)6(OH)2.19H2O.
calcioferrite [2117] : calcioferit.
Khong vt mu vng hoc xanh l cy:
Ca2Fe2(PO4)3(OH).7H2O.
calciotantite [2118] : calciotantit.
Khong vt: CaTa4O11.
88
 calciouranoite [2119] : calciouranoit.
Khong vt: (Ca,Ba,Pb)U2O7.5H2O.
calciovolborthite [2120] : calciovolborthit.
Khong vt mu xanh l cy, vng hoc xm:
CaCu(VO4)(OH). n: tangeite.
calcipelite [2121] : vi dng bn.
n: calcilitite.
calcirudite [2122] : vi dng cui dm.
Loi vi cha trn 50% cc ht vn calcit
c kch thc ln hn 2mm, v thng cng
c thnh phn vi gn kt.
calcisiltite [2123] : vi dng bt.
Loi vi c hm lng cc ht vn calcit
kch thc bt chim u th.
calcisoil [2124] : t vi.
Thut ng ch t c tnh cht phn i
pht trin t aluvi v c trng bi cc i sau:
i t trung tnh hoc i cha vi, i A
(tng A); Khng c i B (tng B); i cha vi
(hay giu calci), i C (tng C).
calcisponge [2125] : Bt bin vi
(Calcispongia).
Bt bin thuc mt lp c trng ch yu bi
mt b xng bao gm cc gai xng bng
carbonat calci. Tui: Cambri n ngy nay.
calcite [2126] : calcit.
Khong vt to : CaCO3, ng hnh vi
aragonit v vaterit. Calcit thng c mu trng,
khng mu hoc chuyn dn thnh mu xm,
ct khai khi thoi rt r, lp lnh thy tinh,
cng 3 (theo thang Mohs), si bt mnh vi acid
clorhydric lnh, pha long. Calcit l thnh phn
ch yu ca vi. Calcit c dng kt tinh trong
hoa v dng t nh phn, bt bin trong tuf
v dng nh trong hang ng. Calcit ni chung
l khong vt khng c gi tr trong m qung
v l cht gn kt trong trm tch mnh vn.
Calcit l thnh phn ph trong magma v l
thnh phn ch yu trong carbonatit. Calcit
kt tinh nhiu dng nh dng tr u inh, hnh
chp v dng tr bng o.
Ss: dolomite. n: calcspar.
calcitic dolomite [2127] : dolomit vi.
Loi dolomit trong calcit rt d gp,
nhng khong vt dolomit chim u th, c
bit l loi dolomit cha 10-50% calcit v
50-90% dolomit c hm lng tng ng
carbonat magnesi l 22,7-41% (Pettijohn, 1957),
hoc l loi dolomit c t l Ca/Mg thay i
t 2 n 3,5. n: calcidolomite.
calcitic limestone [2128] : vi giu calcit.
Loi vi c thnh phn ch yu l calcit;
c bit l loi vi c t l Ca/Mg vt 105.
calcitite [2129] : calcitit, thun vi.
Thut ng ch loi c thnh phn
l calcit.
calcitization [2130] : calcit ha, vi ha.
1- Qu trnh m sau calcit c hnh
thnh, v nh t s phong ho ca aragonit.
2- S bin i ca cc thnh vi do s
thay th khong vt to bi calcit.
calcium [2131] : calci (Ca).
Nguyn t ha hc s 20, nguyn t lng
40,078; t trng 1,55 g/cm3; thuc nhm kim
loi nh, kim t, lithophil. C 6 ng v bn
v 13 ng v khng bn. Hm lng Ca trong
cc thnh to t nhin (theo ppm): trong v lc
a trn l 30.000 ppm; siu mafic l 25.000;
gabro-basalt l 74.000; granit-granodiorit l
9.000. Cc khong vt tiu biu l calcit, thch
cao v fluorit. Hm lng Ca trong t l 14.000
ppm, trong nc i dng 412 mg/l, trong sng
sui l 18 mg/l. Phng php phn tch: XRF,
ICP-AES. c s dng trong ngnh ha, xi
mng, phn bn v luyn kim.
calcium aluminium garnet [2132] : grosular.
calcium carbide [2133] : carbid Ca.
calcium catapheilite [2134] : catapheilit calci.
Khong vt: CaZrSi3O9.2H2O.
calcium chromium garnet [2135] : uvarovit.
calcium feldspar [2136] : feldspar calci.
Khong vt feldspar plagioclas giu phn t
An: (CaAl2Si2O8). n: Ca-spar.
calcium iron garnet [2137] : andradit.
calcium phosphate [2138] : phosphat calci.
Khong vt tm thy trong qung apatit.
calcjarlite [2139] : calcjarlit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
Na(Cu,Sr)3Al3 (F,OH)12.
calclacite [2140] : calclacit.
Khong vt : CaCl2.Ca(C2H3O2)2.10H2O
l acetat clorit calci, dng si-thng hoa.
calclithite [2141] : vn vi.
1- Loi ct kt giu mnh vn , trong
cc mnh vn carbonat chim u th.
n: carbonate arenite.
2- Loi vi c ngun gc t s bo mn
cc loi vi c hn, thnh phn c cha trn
50% l cc mnh vn carbonat.
calcspar [2142] : calcit.
Loi calcit kt tinh. n: calcareous spar.
calculation of geological prospeting cost (s)
[2143] : tnh gi thnh cng tc tm kim thm
d a cht.
S xc nh mi ph tn (tnh bng tin) cho
vic thc hin mt n v cng tc thm d c
tnh theo tng dng chi ph (theo danh mc
chi ph).
89
 calcurmolite [2144] : calcurmolit.
Khong vt th sinh mu vng-mt ong ;
Ca(UO2)3(MoO4)3(OH)2.11H2O.
caldera [2145] : ming ni la, caldera.
1- Ming ni la khng l hnh thnh mt
phn do hot ng phun tro, bng n mnh lit
ca ni la, nhng ch yu vn l do sp l
phn trung tm ca trng ni la. Da vo hnh
dng v phng thc thnh to c th chia thnh
cc kiu khc nhau nh: ming ni la (caldera)
n sinh, ming ni la (caldera) a sinh.
2- (m) Min trng ni la, hnh trn hay
tng i trn, ng knh ln hn hng ni la
gp nhiu ln.
caldera collapse breccia [2146] : dm kt st
l ni la.
Loi v vn hnh thnh do s st l tng
dc trong qu trnh st ln ca ming ni la.
caldera complex [2147] : phc h, tp hp
caldera.
Tp hp cc khc nhau nm di caldera
gm cc dike, va, th cn v dm kt hng;
ming ni la lp y dung nham; nn ph tuf,
x, aglomerat; dm kt lp y t gy v dm
kt t gy; nn x v cc vt liu khc hnh
thnh trong caldera.
caldera lake [2148] : h ming ni la.
H nc nht to thnh do ming ni la
cha nc ma v nc mt, v d nh h Lak
Ty Nguyn. n: crater lake.
calderite [2149] : calderit.
Khong vt st-mangan v tr cui ca
nhm granat: Mn3Fe2(SiO4)3.
Caledonian orogeny [2150]: to ni Caledoni.
Tn thng dng ch bin dng Paleozoi
sm pha ty Chu u to thnh ai un np
Caledonit ko di t Ireland v Scotland theo
hng ng bc n sut c Scandinavia. Khng
nn dng thut ng ny cc vng khc. To
ni Caledoni c in c xc nh vo gn cui
Silur, nh Stille v nhiu nh a cht khc
dng thut ng ny cho mt thi i to ni bao
gm c nhng xung ng xy ra sm v mun
hn.
Caledonides [2151] : Caledonid.
ai to ni do Suess t tn ko di t
Ireland v Scotland theo hng ng bc n
sut c Scandinavia, to thnh do hot ng to
ni Caledoni Paleozoi sm.
caledonite [2152] : caledonit.
Khong vt mu xanh l cy:
Cu2Pb3(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6, khng nhm vi
celadonit.
calf [2153] : cc bng ni, tng bng ni.
Cc bng, tng bng v ra t ni bng, sau
tri ni.
calibration [2154] : hiu chnh.
Hiu chnh thit b th nghim theo.
mu chun.
calice [2155] : i.
B mt pha trn, thng c hnh bt, ca
mt San h n th, trn a nn ca mt
polyp nm ta vo.
caliche [2156] : trm tch cha vi.
1- t, si hoc bi tch gn cht bng
nc soa.
2- Lp st mng c vng ( Chi L).
3- Ct, si, sn hay vt cht sa mc c gn
kt bng carbonat calci. n: calcrete.
California bearing ratio (CBR) [2157] : h
s chu ti California.
H s khng xuyn ca t nn trong iu
kin t trng v m bit. y l t s gia
lc trn n v din tch cn xuyn vo nn
t vi lc cn xuyn vo mt cht liu
chun (cht liu c bn l nghin), c
xc nh trong iu kin chun. Vit tt l CBR.
y l ch s nh gi kh nng chu ti ca vt
liu theo tiu chun Hoa K, thng c dng
nghim thu cng tc thi cng ng.
calkinsite [2158] : calkinsit.
Khong vt mu vng nht:
(Ce,La)2(CO3)3.4H2O.
callaghanite [2159] : calaghanit.
Khong vt mu xanh nc bin:
Cu2Mg2(CO3)(OH)6.2H2O.
Callovian [2160] : Callovi.
Bc do d'Orbigny xc lp khong 1844 -1846
theo tn Latin ca thnh ph Kellaway nc
Anh, l bc ca thi a tng quc t, thp nht
ca Jura thng (nm trn Bathon, nm di
Oxfordi). Mt s tc gi phn chia bc ny nh
l phn cao nht ca Jura trung.
calluna peat [2161] : than bn caluna, than
bn thch nam.
Loi than bn c thnh to ch yu t cy
thch nam (heather) Calluna vulgaris.
n: heath peat.
callus [2162] : th chai, th sn, lp sn.
Lp chai dy ln thnh v ca Chn bng,
m rng t mi trong trn khp nn v v c l
n tn rn; ch dy ln qu mc ca lp v ph
(lp si trong) ca Tay cun, ph ln cc cu
trc trong.
calm [2163] : lng gi, yn tnh.
calomel [2164] : calomel.
Khong vt h bn phng: Hg2Cl2, khng
mu, trng, c s dng lm thuc ty nh,
thuc dit nm v thuc tr su.
90
 n: horn quycks' silver; horn mercury
calomelite.
calorie [2165] : calo.
Lng nhit cn un nng mt gam nc
ln 1oC. n v nhit thng dng l Kcal =
1000cal. Trong h n v quc t (SI) thng
thng ngi ta hay s dng n v Jun (1cal =
4,187Jun), vi h FPS, 1Kcal = 3,968Btu.
caltonite [2166] : caltonit.
basanit cha analcim gm cc vi ban tinh
olivin v pyroxen n nghing trong nn trachyt
gm cc que feldspar, pyroxen n nghing,
analcim v oxid st. Tn c t theo vng
Calton Hill, Debyshire, Anh.
calumetite [2167] : calumetit.
Khong vt mu xanh da tri:
Cu(Cl,OH)2.2H2O.
calving [2168] : tch ra, v nh (ca bng).
1- S tch ra ca khi bng t bng h, t
sn bng hoc t ni bng.
2- Qu trnh thnh to ni bng.
calvonigrite [2169] : calvonigrit.
Psilomelan tinh th.
calymma [2170] : v khng bo.
Lp c bt ca cht t bo Bt bin.
calyptolite [2171] : calyptolit.
Zircon.
calyptrolith [2172] : to cu hnh r.
Loi to cu c hnh dng ci r vi ming
gn tm.
calyx [2173] : ai.
V bao cht xng ca ng vt Da gai bao
ly thn v cc ni tng, ngoi tr cung v cc
chi; cu trc nh hnh chn hoc xoang, trong
mt polyp San h tr ng. Sn: calyces.
calzirtite [2174] : calzirtit.
Khong vt h bn phng: Ca Zr3 Ti O9.
cambay stone [2175] : chalcedon.
Mt loi chalcedon.
camber [2176] : cu to vm.
Cambrian [2177] : Cambri.
K sm nht ca i Paleozoi, c quan
nim c khong thi gian ko di t 570-510
triu nm trc (Harland et al., 1990), tng
ng vi h Cambri ca thi a tng do
Sedgwich (1835) thnh lp v mang tn vng
c nghin cu u tin. H Cambri c chia
lm ba thng, cha c s thng nht v bc
trong cc thng.
cameo mountain [2178]: ni kin to mt bn.
Ni c thnh to bi lp nm ngang, c
nng cao so vi hai bn vi hai con sui song
song b khot su lng v cui cng hp nht
li.
camerate [2179] : Camerata, chia thnh phng.
Hu bin thuc mt phn h c trng bi
cc phin i lin cng li vi nhau, to thnh
mt ci phng; Tt: chia ra thnh cc phng,
hoc lm thnh mt phng.
camerostome [2180] : phng ming.
Xoang lm thy mt s ng vt dng
Nhn, c tc dng nh mt ci lc thc n
ha lng trc khi vo ming.
Campanian [2181] : Campan, Campania (t).
Bc do Coquand (1875) xc lp theo tn a
phng Campania (Champagne) ca Php, l
bc ca thi a tng quc t, Creta thng (nm
trn Santon, nm di Maestrichi).
campanite [2182] : campanit.
phun tro, c m t nh tephrit cha
cc tinh th leucit ln v sau ny c xc nh
nh phun tro cha leucit gi hnh tng
ng syenit nephelin.
camptonite [2183] : camptonit.
Mt loi lamprophyr tng t thnh phn ca
diorit nephelin, gm ch yu plagioclas (thng
l lalbradorit) v hornblend mu nu (thng l
barkevikit). Thut ng mang tn vng Campton,
New Hampshire.
camptospessartite [2184] : camptospesartit.
spessartit sm mu, trong pyroxen l
titanaugit.
canaanite [2185] : canaanit.
n: diopsit.
canada balsam [2186] : nha dn Canaa.
Nha dng dn cc tiu bn dnh cho
nghin cu trn knh hin vi. Cht nha ny
c chit t cy linh sam, c mu vng nht,
khng lm nh hng n s truyn nh sng
qua tiu bn. n: canada turpentine.
canada turpentine [2187] : nha dn Canaa.
X: canada balsam.
Canadian [2188] : Canadi.
Thng Bc M, Ordovic h (nm trn
Croixi thuc Cambri, nm di Chazy).
Canadian shield [2189] : khin Canada.
canadite [2190] : canadit.
Mt loi syenit nephelin cha albit l ch
yu, cng vi cc khong vt mafic calci v
alumin, plagioclas tiu chun giu anorthit hn
plagioclas modal.
canal [2191] : lch, knh o, mng, mng,
ho, rnh.
1- Lch di, hp hoc nhnh bin ni lin hai
vng nc, thng n su vo t lin (i khi
gia hai o hay mt o v t lin) v chiu
rng thng n nh; thut ng ch b bin
i Ty Dng thuc Hoa K, ch sui ven
91
b bin c nc chy l .
2- Knh, mng dn nc nhn to ti
tiu v chng lt.
3- (cs) Mt ng, knh dn rng ng vt
khng xng sng, v d knh vng ng vt
Da gai, c tc dng nc lu thng trong c
th con vt.
canal system [2192] : h thng knh.
H thng knh dn ni lin cc xoang trong
c th mt ng vt khng xng sng.
canalarium [2193] : gai dc knh.
Gai xng chuyn ha Bt bin xp thnh
hng dc knh dn. Sn: canalaria.
canary ore [2194] : qung ch dng t mu
vng, cha bc.
canary stone [2195] : caneol mu vng (mt
loi chalcedon).
canasite [2196] : canasit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
(Na,K)6Ca5Si12O30(OH,F)4.
canavesite [2197] : canavesit.
Khong vt: Mg(CO3)(HBO3).5H2O.
cancellus [2198] : tr.
Xoang hnh ng nm xen gia cc c th c
mt s Ru ng vt Cyclostomata. Sn: cancelli.
n: alveolus.
cancrinite [2199] : cancrinit.
Nhm khong vt feldsparhoit c cng thc
chung l:(Na,K,Ca)6(Al,Si)12O24(SO4,CO3,Cl)1-2.
11H2O (Hey,1962). Thut ng ny t ngi bit,
chng bao gm cancrinit, vishnevit v davyn.
cand [2200] : fluorit.
candelabrum [2201]: gai bn tia nhiu nhnh.
Gai xng bn tia Bt bin c nhiu nhnh,
cc nhnh ca tia ny li khc cc nhnh tia
kia. Sn: candelabra.
candelite [2202] : than nn, than la di.
candle coal [2203] : than la di.
canfieldite [2204] : canfieldit.
Khong vt mu en: Ag8SnS6, ng hnh vi
argyrodit.
canga [2205] : qung st dng dm kt.
canker [2206] : cn st trong nc hm m.
cannel bass [2207] : phin than, phin bitum.
cannel coal [2208] : than nn.
cannel shale [2209] : than nn.
Loi phin st en hoc phin du c
thnh to t s tch t ca trm tch than bn
thi c cha mt lng tng ng vt liu bt
v st. n: bastard shale.
canneloid [2210] : nhm than nn.
canon [2211] : hm ni, hm vc.
T hon ton ng ngha vi t canhon;
canon l ting Ty Ban Nha.
cantilever beam [2212] : dm cng xn.
cantilever bridge [2213] : cu c hng.
canyon [2214] : hm, hm ni, hm vc.
Thung lng su, di, tng i hp, sn
dc, c gii hn gia cc vch cao ngt, dng
ng vng cao nguyn hay vng ni, thng
thng di c sui, in hnh cho vng kh hu
kh hn v bn kh hn, khi sui o lng
mnh lit hn phong ha. Thung lng bt k
mt khu vc c rt nhiu hm ni.
canyon bench [2215] : thm canhon hay
thm hp.
Mt trong nhiu dng a hnh tng i hp,
phng to ra dc theo vch hm ni do xm thc
phn d xen k gia cc lp t cng v mm
nm ngang. X: step.
canyon fill [2216] : lp y hm.
Vt liu b ri bi lp mt hm vc bao gm
cc trm tch ang vn chuyn hoc c
tch t.
cap [2217] : lp ph; tng chn trong m
du, kh.
cap of vein [2218] : m st.
cap rock [2219] : dng khi; cc lp ph
m thch cao trong cc m mui; tng chn
trong m du.
capacity [2220] : kh nng gi nc; dung
tch, dung lng, sc cha, tim nng,
sn lng.
capacity of field produce [2221] : tim nng
ca m.
capacity of well [2222]:sn lng ging khoan.
Lng nc (du) c th khai thc c t
mt ging khoan thng c tnh bng l/s,
m3/h, m3/ng (nc), tn/ng, thng/ng (du).
cape [2223] : mi t.
Phn t lin nh ra bin, hnh trn hoc
khng c dng nht nh, tng t nh bn o.
Cape of good hope [2224] : Mi Ho Vng.
cc nam Chu Phi.
Cape ruby [2225] : pyrop Kimberley.
n: South African ruby.
capillarity [2226] : tnh mao dn.
Hin tng lu gi, di chuyn ca nc trong
cc l hng ca cc ht t do lc mao dn.
capillary [2227] : mao dn, ng mao dn.
ng hoc khe c ca ming nh gi c
cht lng nh tnh mao dn. X: capillarity.
capillary action [2228] : tc dng mao dn,
lc mao dn.
Tc dng ca ng mao dn khi c nhng
chm trong nc lm cho mc nc trong ng
ln cao hn so vi mc nc trong thng ng.
Sc cng mt ngoi ca cht lng (nc) chnh
92
l nguyn nhn trc tip gy nn hin
tng ny.
capillary attraction [2229] : lc mao dn.
Lc ht gia mt cht lng v mt cht rn
trong mao dn.
capillary condensation [2230] : ngng t
mao dn.
S hnh thnh nhng vng nc dao ng
xung quanh cc im tip xc ca ht, v khi
cc vng nhng im tip xc cnh nhau
ln ha vo nhau, s hnh thnh dy nc
cha y trong cc khe nt bao bc xung quanh
bi b mt khum li.
capillary conductivity [2231] : tnh dn
mao qun.
Kh nng ca t cha bo ha cho nc
hoc cht lng khc chy qua. i vi nc,
tnh dn ny tng t l thun vi m t 0
mi trng kh hon ton n cc i v bng
h s thm.
capillary fringe [2232] : vin mao dn.
ng vin nm ngay trn mt nc di
t, nc c gi li bng sc cng b
mt.
n: capillary zone.
capillary interstice [2233] : k h mao dn.
K h nh c th gi nc bng sc
cng b mt cao thch hp trn b mt nc
di t.
capillary migration [2234] : di chuyn
mao dn.
S chuyn ng ca nc do mao dn.
n: capillary flow; capillary movement.
capillary moisture zone [2235] : i m
mao dn.
X: capillary fringe.
capillary movement [2236] : chuyn ng
mao dn.
S dng mc nc trn mt nc di t do
hin tng mao dn.
capillary porosity [2237] : rng mao dn.
Th tch cc l rng, khe nt trong mt khi
t c gi nc do mao dn.
capillary pressure [2238] : p sut mao dn,
p lc mao dn.
1- Mc chnh p sut giao din gia hai
cht lng khng trn ln c vi nhau cng lp
y mt khe nt ca mt khi . Mc chnh
ny c c do sc cng b mt giao din v
ln ph thuc vo cong ca b mt ny.
2- Chnh lch p lc gia hai bn ca mt
tip xc khng kh-nc.
capillary pyrite [2239] : pyrit dng tc.
capillary rise [2240] : mc dng nc
mao dn.
Mc nc dng cao ln pha trn mt nc t
do di tc dng ca lc mao dn.
capillary tension [2241] : sc cng mao dn.
Sc cng m.
capillary tube [2242] : ng mao dn.
ng c mt l rng nh bn trong dc theo
chiu di.
capillary water [2243] : nc mao dn.
Nc trong hoc chuyn ng qua k h
nh do hin tng mao dn gy ra.
capillary yield [2244] : lu lng mao dn.
Lng nc mao dn dng qua mt bng
song song vi mt nc di t khong cch
cho trc di mt t. n v tnh mm/ng hoc
l/s/ha.
capillary zone [2245] : i mao dn.
capped quartz [2246] : thch anh mc chp.
Mt loi bin th thch anh c cha cc lp
st mng.
cappelenite [2247] : capelenit.
Khong vt:
(Ba,Ca,Na)(Y,La)6B6Si13(O,OH)27.
capping [2248] : tng ph (cctr); m st (sk).
n: overburden (cctr); gossan (sk).
caprange [2249] : vai ni.
Vng cung ni th sinh un quanh ch ni
lin hai vng cung nguyn sinh.
capriconus [2250] : chm sao Thin ngu,
chm sao Maket.
capricorn [2251] : v kiu sng d.
V ca dng Cc hnh dng nh sng d,
c cc g trn cnh cun quanh nm cch nhau
khng u.
caprock effect [2252] : hiu ng vm.
Mt cc i d thng trng lc rt mnh k
lin bn cc tiu d thng. l tiu ch ca
vm mui m. Hin tng ny do vm c
mt cao gy ra, thng th cc m mui
nng, vm c mt ln hn trm tch
vy quanh, nhng vm li khng phi yu t
sinh ra hiu ng ny.
capture [2253] : hin tng ot dng (sng).
captured stream [2254] : sng b cp dng.
Nc thng ngun ca sui, sng b chy
ngc vo mt sui, sng khc do s cp dng.
caracolite [2255] : caracolit.
Khong vt h n nghing: Na3Pb2(SO4)3Cl.
Caradocian [2256] : Caradoc.
Bc do Murchison (1839) xc lp theo dy
ni cng tn Anh, c v tr khong ranh gii
Ordovic trung-thng (nm trn Llandeili, nm
di Ashgili). Theo mt s tc gi, Caradoc chia
lm hai, bc di thuc Ordovic trung, bc trn
93
thuc Ordovic thng.
carapace [2257] : mai, khin, gip, v cng.
V bao hay khin bng cht xng hoc cht
chitin bao ly ton b hay mt phn lng mt s
ng vt, v d mai cua; di tch ha thch
Ostracoda m phn u ngc vi ha b chia
theo chiu ngang thnh hai phn gn i xng
ni vi nhau lng.
carapace carina [2258] : g mai.
G hp nm khng mt ch nht nh trn
mai ca ng vt V gip mi chn.
carapace groove [2259] : rnh mai.
Rnh nm trn mai ng vt V gip
mi chn.
carapace horn [2260] : sng mai.
on cht hng pha trc ca cc mnh v
trn mai ng vt V gip thuc phn b
Phyllocarida.
carapace spine [2261] : gai mai.
Mu nhn trn mai ng vt V gip thuc
phn h Phyllocarida.
carat [2262] : cara.
1- n v trng lng cn qy v kim loi
qy (1 cara=200 mg).
2- Hoa K carat = karat l n v o
tinh khit ca vng (vng nguyn cht 100% Au
l 24 cara).
caratite [2263] : caratit.
Khong vt h bn phng mu xanh l cy:
K4Cu4O2(SO4)4 Me,Cl
trong Me=Na hoc Cu.
carbankerite [2264] : carbankerit.
Loi than c cha 20-60% hm lng thnh
phn khong vt carbonat (calcit, siderit,
dolomit v ankerit).
carbargillite [2265]:carbargilit, argilit carbon.
Loi than cha t 20-60% hm lng thnh
phn cc khong vt st v mica v mt lng
nh hn l thch anh, kch thc ht trung
bnh ca chng thay i t 1 n 3 micron
(ICCP, 1963).
carbide [2266] : carbid.
Khong vt gm carbon v kim loi, ging
nh cohenit: (Fe, Ni,Co)C.
carbite [2267] : carbit.
Thut ng c, dng ch kim cng v graphit.
carbocer [2268] : carbocer.
Carbua hydro trong bao th trong condrikit.
carbocernaite [2269] : carbocernait.
Khong vt: (Ca,Ce,Na,Sr)(CO3).
carbofossils [2270] : than m, than .
carboid [2271] : carboit.
Nhm pyrobitum khng tan trong CS2.
carbomorphism [2272] : qu trnh than ha.
carbon [2273] : carbon (C).
Tn Latinh l carboneum, nguyn t ha hc
nhm IV h thng tun hon Mendeleev, s th
t nguyn t 16, khi lng nguyn t 12,011.
Hm lng ca C trong v Tri t l 2,3.10-2%.
Carbon c vai tr rt quan trng trong thch
quyn, kh quyn, sinh quyn v thy quyn.
Khi lng carbon c mt ln nht trong
trm tch carbonat, du kh, than m. Carbon l
mt trong nhng nguyn t quan trng nht i
vi s sng. A.I. Mendeleev vit "Trong t
nhin carbon va trng thi t do va trng
thi hp cht vi cc dng rt khc nhau, v.v.
Trong cc nguyn t, khng c nguyn t no
m kh nng kt hp pht trin ti mc nh
carbon, v.v.". Lin kt ha hc ca carbon c
th sinh ra v b ph hy bi tc dng ca cc
yu t t nhin. T kh quyn, carbon i vo
thc vt, t thc vt i vo ng vt, t ng vt
i vo th gii v sinh..., chu trnh carbon trong
t nhin chuyn ha nh vy. Kh CO2 v
acid carbonic c vai tr a ha quan trng trong
v Tri t. Hot ng ca ni la gii phng
mt lng khng l CO2, l ngun carbon ch
yu cho sinh quyn.
carbon-14 [2274] : carbon 14.
ng v nng ca carbon c khi lng 14,
chu k bn r l 5730 40 nm, dng xc
nh tui cc mu vt c.
carbon-14 age [2275] : tui phng x tnh
bng carbon-14.
Tui tuyt i c tnh t s lng xc nh
ca lng carbon 14 tn ti trong vt cht hu
c (ng v phng x nng C14, chu k bn r
5730 40 nm).
carbon-14 dating [2276] : xc nh tui bng
ng v phng x C14.
Phng php xc nh tui tuyt i bng
cch o hm lng ng v phng x nng ca
carbon 14 cn li trong vt cht hu c, thng
thng l cc c th sng trc y song cng
c th dng nc bicarbonat, v.v. Phng php
ny gi thit rng s phn tn ca carbon-14 b
ngng mt cch t ngt khi ly vt cht t chu
k carbon trn Tri t (sinh vt cht), do
cn li h kn. a s carbon-14 c tnh bng
na chu k bn hy l 5730 40 nm hoc 5568
30 nm. Do vy phng php ny c li cho
vic xc nh tui trong khong 500 nm n
30.000-40.000 nm. Mc du vy c th ko di
ti 70.000 nm bng cch ng dng k thut c
bit khng ch s lm giu ca Carbon-14
trong mu ly.
carbon adsorption [2277] : hp ph bng than
94
 hot tnh.
Mt quy trnh x l nc trong cc cht,
ch yu l cht hu c c hp ph bi than
hot tnh di nhng iu kin xc nh, sau
c a vo cloroform trc khi phn tch
(chloroform extraction CCE).
carbon bearing [2278]: cha than, cha carbon.
carbon clock [2279] : ng h carbon.
ng ngha vi carbon 14 dng trong vic
tnh tui ca , vt liu.
carbon cycle [2280] : chu trnh carbon.
S bin i ca carbon trong sinh quyn, kh
quyn v thy quyn.
carbon dating [2281]: tnh tui bng carbon 14.
carbon dioxide [2282] : kh carbonic CO2.
carbon hydrogen ratio [2283] : t s
carbon - hydro.
T s carbon-hydro trong than l c s
phn loi than, vit tt C/H.
carbon monoxide [2284]:kh oxid carbon CO.
carbon ratio [2285] : t s carbon.
T s C12/ C13.
carbon shale [2286] : phin than
cha carbon.
carbon tax [2287] : thu carbon.
Theo Ngh nh th Kyoto, hn ch s
pht thi kh nh knh, mi quc gia ch c
quyn x mt lng kh thi (ch yu l CO2)
nht nh. Nu vt mc quy nh th c s sn
xut hay quc gia pht thi phi ng mt
khon thu cho phn kh thi qu tiu chun, gi
l thu carbon. X: Kyoto Protocol.
carbon trash [2288] : cn carbon.
Tn d carbon t i sng thc vt c mt
trong cc trm tch v thng i km vi
urani v khong ho ng mu .
carbonaceous [2289] : cha carbon.
1- Loi hoc trm tch giu thnh phn
carbon; cha than.
2- Loi trm tch cha vt cht hu c.
carbonaceous chondrites [2290] : chondrit c
carbon.
carbonaceous rock [2291] : cha carbon,
giu vt cht hu c.
Loi trm tch cha mt lng ng k vt
cht hu c, bao gm cc tn tch thc vt v
ng vt. V d nh cc loi than, phin en,
trm tch asphalt, bn thi, mt s loi st, v.v..
n: carbonolite.
carbonaceous sediments [2292] : trm tch
giu vt cht hu c.
carbonaceous shale [2293]: phin cha than.
phin mu en hoc xm xm cha mt
lng ng k carbon di dng vy hoc tch t
nh xm tn; thng i km vi cc va than.
carbonado [2294]: kim cng en, carbonado.
Kim cng cng nghip mu en.
carbonate [2295] : carbonat.
Loi trm tch c thnh to t cc tch t
hu c hoc v c carbonat calci, carbonat
magnesi, hay carbonat st t mi trng dung
dch nc. V d nh vi, dolomit.
carbonate apatite [2296] : apatit carbonat.
1- Mt khong vt trong nhm apatit, c
cng thc: Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(OH,F). L thnh phn
chnh trong phosphat trm tch.
2- Loi khong vt apatit cha hm lng
ng k carbonat.
Ss : francolite. n : carbapatite ; dahllite, ;
podolite; collophane; tavistockite.
carbonate bank [2297] : va, lp carbonat.
carbonate compensation depth [2298] :
su n b carbonat.
Mc nc bin m di n mc cha
carbonat calci trong dung dch vt qu mc
tch ng ca n. Thi Bnh Dng, mc nc
ny l 4000 - 5000m, cn i Ty Dng
thp hn cht t. n: calcium-carbonate
compensation depth.
carbonate complex [2299] : phc h carbonat.
carbonate cyanotrichite [2300] : carbonat
cyanotrichit.
Khong vt mu xanh nc bin nht:
Cu4Al2(CO3,SO4)(OH)13.2H2O.
carbonate facies iron formation [2301] :
thnh h st tng carbonat.
Thnh h st c trng bi s xen kp ca
cc lp mng silic v khong vt carbonat giu
st (James, 1954).
carbonate fluorapatite [2302] : fluor-apatit
carbonat.
Khong vt khng mu thuc nhm apatit, c
cng thc: Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(F,OH).
n: francolite, kurskite, staffelite.
carbonate hardness [2303]: cng carbonat.
cng ca nc do cc mui carbonat hay
bicarbonat ca Ca v Mg gy ra. cng ny
c th x l d dng bng cch un si nc nn
cn gi l cng tm thi.
n: temporary hardness.
carbonate hydroxylapatite [2304] : carbonat
hydroxylapatit.
Khong vt nhm apatit: Ca5(PO4,CO3)(OH).
carbonate ramp [2305] : b dc carbonat.
B mt hi dc (vi mt/km) t i nc
nng ti i nc su hn, nm di vi kt
cc v i km vi cc trm tch carbonat.
carbonate rarap [2306] : y bin.
95
 Mt tng i nghing v thoi (vi mt/km)
t nc nng n nuc su v c lt bi cc Bc M.
ht mn, nh v c quan h gn gi vi trm
tch carbonat. Thng phn b dc b bin
trong nhiu vng kin to (F. Read, 1981).
carbonate rock [2307] : carbonat.
Loi c thnh phn ch yu l cc khong
vt carbonat, nh vi, dolomit, hoc
carbonatite. c bit l loi trm tch c hm
lng thnh phn cc khong vt carbonat
chim trn 50%.
carbonate sediments [2308]: trm tch carbonat.
carbonatedspring [2309]: mch nc carbonic.
Mch nc cha kh carbon dioxid thng
gp vng ni la.
carbonation [2310] : carbonat ha.
1- Qu trnh phong ho ho hc gy ra s
bin i cc khong vt cha calci, magnesi,
kali, natri v st thnh carbonat hoc bicarbonat
ca cc kim loi ny do s c mt ca CO2 trong
nc (v d dung dch acid carbonic yu).
n: carbonatization.
2- S du nhp ca CO2 vo dung dch.
carbonatite [2311] : carbonatit.
Nhm magma vi thnh phn c bn l
carbonat, c cu to khng ng nht, dng di.
Ngun gc magma ca carbonatit c xc
nhn bi dng lava carbonat Tanzania. Thng
thng to thnh cu trc vng, phun tro, v
mt khng gian c lin quan vi kimberlit,
nephelinit v cc kim khc. Carbonatit c
lin quan ngun gc vi m qung niobi, t
him. S thnh to ca carbonatit l bng chng
v ngun gc su ca mt nhm carbonat. a
s kin cho rng carbonatit c thnh to do
s phn d kt tinh ca magma trong lp o hoc
phn su nht ca v Tri t.
carbonatization [2312] : carbonat ha.
1- S du nhp hoc thay i bi carbonat.
2- X: carbonation.
carboneous [2313] : cha than, cha carbon.
carbonic [2314] : than, carbon.
carbonic acid [2315] : acid carbonic.
Carboniferous [2316] : Carbon (t); cha
than, cha carbon.
K th nm ca i Paleozoi, c thi gian
ko di t 362,5-290 triu nm v trc
(Harland et al., 1990), tng ng vi h Carbon
do Canybeare v Phillips (1822) thnh lp. Cha
c s thng nht hon ton v s phn thng
cng nh bc ca h Carbon. Ty u h c
chia lm hai thng, Nga h c chia thnh ba
thng (ang s dng Vit Nam). Tng ng
vi h Carbon l hai "h" Missipsipi v
Pensylvani theo h thng phn loi a tng
Tt: carboniferous (cha than, cha carbon).
carbonification [2317] : than ha, carbon ha;
chun v than ha.
Chun v than ha dng cho thch hc than
c thnh lp bi International Committee for
Coal Petrology (ICCP, 1963). n: coalification.
carbonisation [2318] : than ha, carbon ha.
n: carbonization.
carbonite [2319] : than cc t nhin.
n: natural coke.
carbonization [2320] : than ha, carbon ha.
carbonolite [2321] : cha carbon.
carbonolith [2322] : trm tch cha carbon.
carborundum [2323] : carbua silic, ct mi,
carborundum.
carbuncle [2324] : granat mu .
carcinogen [2325] : cht gy ung th.
Cht c kh nng gy ra cc khi u c tnh
ngi v ng vt.
carclazite [2326] : carclazit, caolin.
cardella [2327] : mu l ming.
Mu khp trong l ming mt c th t
dng Ru ng vt thuc phn b
Ascophora. Sn: cardellae. n: cardelle.
cardhouse structure [2328] : cu to xp vy.
Loi cu to trong mt s trm tch bin, bao
gm cc tp hp khong vt st dng tm c
sp xp ging nh mt "ngi nh" c xp t
cc con bi t l kh.
cardinal [2329] : bn l, chnh.
Bn l gia hai mnh ca mt Thn mm hai
mnh; ni v b phn gi vai tr chnh trong
mt cu trc.
cardinal angle [2330] : gc bn l.
Gc to nn mi u ca bn l bi b bn
l v cc mp trc v mp sau ca v Thn
mm hai mnh, v Tay cun v Ostracoda.
cardinal area [2331] : din bn l.
Mt b mt phng, hoc hi lm, thng
hnh ba cnh nm khong gia nh v b bn
l mnh v ca nhiu Thn mm hai mnh, c
tc dng dy chng bm vo mt phn hay
ton b chng hai mnh v li vi nhau; mt
hnh qut phng v mt Tay cun c khp
dnh ring cho ca delta v khe ca lng.
cardinal axis [2332] : trc bn l.
ng trc nm dc b bn l v ca Thn
mm hai mnh.
cardinal fossula [2333] : hc chnh.
Hc nh nm v tr ca vch chnh San h
Rugosa.
cardinal margin [2334] : b bn l.
96
 Mp v, ni hai mnh v khp vi nhau qua
b bn l Tay cun.
cardinal muscle scar [2335] : vt bm c
bn l.
Vt bm c nm pha sau v pha bn ca
v mt s Tay cun (thuc cc lin h
Acrotetraea v Obolellacea).
cardinal plate [2336] : phin chnh.
Mt phin nm ct qua u cui mnh v
Tay cun gm: theo chiu ngang l cc phin
bn l ngoi, gia l cc phin bn l trong
lin kt hoc mt phin bn l n, thng
pha sau c khoan l.
cardinal platform [2337] : nn bn l.
Phin bn l Thn mm hai mnh.
cardinal process [2338] : mu bn l.
Mt phin, g hoc mu ca lp v ph
Tay cun nm gia u cui ca mnh lng, c
tc dng tch ra hoc lin kt li cc c m v.
cardinal septum [2339] : vch chnh.
Vch nguyn thy nm trn mt i xng hai
bn ca mt San h Rugosa.
cardinal tooth [2340] : rng chnh.
Rng bn l, thng tng i ln, nm trc
tip bn di nh v mt Thn mm
hai mnh.
cardinalia [2341] : b bn l.
Cu trc nm gn nh mnh lng ca Tay
cun, c th gm mu bn l, nn mc tay v
phin bn l.
cargneule [2342] : carbonat bt, xp.
Loi trm tch carbonat l ch, c
hng cao, trong cc l hng ca n c lp
y bng vt liu evaporit mm b d b ho tan
v tri i li mt b mt s x trn .
caridoid [2343] : Caridea.
ng vt V gip mi chn thuc mt phn
b gm phn ln tm, tm pan an v nhng
dng lin quan khc, im c trng l c mai
bao ly phn ngc, c mt cung c ng c,
ru nh hai nhnh, phn bng ko di c c
kho v ui hnh qut.
carina [2344] : ng sng, ky, g, xng
li hi.
Phin chia khoang nm k tm lng V
gip chn ru; g cnh vch mt San h
Rugosa to nn mt x dy; cu trc dng
ng sng vin quanh ra v mt s Trng l;
g dng ky tu thuyn v ca Thn mm.
carinal [2345] : ng sng, g, g mo.
Thuc mt ng sng, g hay g mo, v d
"di g mo", l mt vng ra khng thng l
nm gia cc g mo v Trng l.
carletonite [2346] : carletonit.
Khong vt:
KNa4Ca4Si8O18(CO3)4(OH)4H2O.
carlfriesite [2347] : carlfriesit.
Khong vt h n nghing: CaTe3O5(OH)4.
carlhintzeite [2348] : carlhintzeit.
Khong vt Ca2AlF7H2O.
carliifornit [2349] : carliifornit.
Vesuvian mu xanh dng khi.
carlinite [2350] : carlinit.
Khong vt h ba phng: Ti2S.
carlin-type gold [2351]:qung vng kiu carlin.
Qung vng vi kch thc ht Au rt nh,
xp x 30 micron, khng nhn bit c bng
phng php i m ch c th nhn bit c
bng phn tch ha hc. Thut ng c dng
ln u tin ch khong ha vng Carlin,
Nevada. n: invisible gold.
Carlsbad B twin law [2352] : lut song tinh
Carlsbad B.
Lut song tinh, hin nay t ngang hng vi
lut song tinh x-periclin.
Carlsbad twin law [2353] : lut song tinh
Carlsbad.
Lut song tinh trong feldspar c bit l
orthoclas, trong trc song tinh l trc kt tinh
c v mt tip hp khng theo quy tc.
carlsbergite [2354] : carsbergit.
Khong vt, lp phng Cr N.
carmeloite [2355] : carmeloit.
basalt hoc andezit trong plagioclas l
andezin hoc labradonit v c mt iddingit, sn
phm bin i ca ban tinh olivin. Thut ng
ny c Lawson s dng vo nm 1893, ly tn
vnh Carmel, California. Ngy nay khng cn
thng dng.
carminite [2356] : carminit.
Khong vt c mu son n gch:
PbFe2(AsO4)2(OH)2.
carnallite [2357] : carnalit.
Khong vt h thoi, mu trng sa n
nht; KMgCl3.6H2O, c trong cc rung mui,
lm vt liu phn bn.
carnegieite [2358] : carnegieit.
Khong vt c thnh phn a hp: NaAlSiO4,
ng ha tr, nhit cao ca nephelin.
Carnegieit h ba phng nhit thp, cn
loi ng thc nhit cao.
carnelian [2359] : chalcedon pht .
Khong vt l mt loi chalcedon mu pht
, da cam. n: carneol.
carneol [2360] : chalcedon pht .
n: carnelian.
Carnian [2361] : Carni (t).
Bc do Mojsisovics (1869) xc lp theo a
danh Carnic ca Alps, l bc ca thi a tng
97
quc t, Trias thng (nm trn Ladin, nm di
Nori). Cng cn c vit l Karni.
carnivore [2362] : loi n tht.
Sinh vt d dng sinh sng ch yu bng
cch n tht sng hoc tht cht ca ng vt.
carnotite [2363] : carnotit.
Khong vt th sinh c tnh phng x mnh,
mu vng nht n vng-xanh l cy:
K2(UO2)2(VO4)2.3H2O, Khong vt qung
ca uran v vanadi v l ngun radi. Carnotit c
dng bt c kt hoc dng khi c kt trong ct
kt ( Ty nc M).
carobbiite [2364] : carobiit.
Khong vt: KF.
Carpenter [2365] : sao Mc.
carpholite [2366] : carpholit.
Khong vt mu vng rm:
MnAl2Si2O6(OH)4.
carphosiderite [2367] : carphosiderit.
Khong vt mu vng cha sulfat st ngm
nc. Carphosiderit cn c gi l jarosit hoc
natrojarosit.
carpopod [2368] : t chi gi, c chn.
t chi ngc th nm thn mt ng vt
V gip thuc lp Gip mm (Malacostraca); c
chn ng vt bn chn. n: carpus, wrist.
carpus [2369] : t.
n: carpopod; wrist.
carrboydite [2370] : carboydit.
Khong vt h su phng:
(Ni,Cu)14 Al9(SO4,CO3)6(OH)43.7H2O.
carrollite [2371] : carolit.
Khong vt mu sng thp sng thuc nhm
linnaeite Cu(Co,Ni)2S4. n: sychnodymite.
carrying bar [2372] : thanh .
carst [2373] : karst.
L mt kiu a hnh hnh thnh trn vi,
thch cao v mt s khc do s ph hy
chng v c trng bi hang hc, hang ng,
sng sui ngm di t, v.v. Thut ng c gc
c, mang tn ca vng Kars, Slovenia.
n: karst topography; causse; pseudokarst,
thermokarst.
carstone [2374] : sa thch, ct kt cha st.
Rn chc, c xi mng l st.
cartogram [2375] : bn thu gn.
cartographer [2376] : ngi v bn , nhn
vin ha .
cartographic unit [2377] : n v bn .
Mt loi , mt nhm c th hin trn
bn a cht bi mu v k hiu ring bit.
n v bn chun l h tng, thnh h
(formation).
cartographical [2378] : bn , ha .
cartographo geodetic [2379] : trc a bn .
cartography [2380] : bn hc, ha hc.
cartometry [2381] : mn o c bn .
caryinite [2382] : carinit.
Khong vt n nghing
(Na,Ca,Pb)2(Mn,Mg,Fe+3)3(AsO4)3 (?).
caryopilite [2383] : caryopilit.
Khong vt cha Mn+2 tng t vi grenalit,
trong Mn v tr khi tm mt.
cascade [2384] : thc nc.
on sng (sui) chy trn nn cng c
dc ln hay phn bc, to thnh dng chy
xit, tc ln. n: cascade of water.
cascadite [2385] : cascadit.
Mt loi minet natri cha ban tinh biotit,
olivin, augit trn khi nn ch yu l feldspar
kim. Tn c t cho mt loi Cassade
Creek, thuc dy ni Highwood, Monata. Ngy
nay khng cn dng.
cascajo [2386] : mnh vn, si sn.
Cc vt liu gm mnh vn San h v cc
trm tch khc, thng c mt trong cc trm
tch c. T c gc Ty Ban Nha, ngha l
"gravel": mnh vn, sn, si.
cascalho [2387] : trm tch bi tch c cha
st, kim cng.
Thut ng c dng Brazil ch thnh to
aluvi c ct ngm Fe, kim cng.
case [2388] : ng chng (dng trong khoan).
cash flows [2389] : tuyn ni chn lc.
casing [2390] : ng chng.
ng kim loi th xung l khoan trong hoc
sau qu trnh khoan, c trm xi mng gia
vch l khoan v mt ngoi ng chng l
vch l khoan, mt dung dch khoan v cc cht
lng khc xm nhp vo l khoan.
ca-spar [2391] : feldspar calci.
Cassadagan [2392] : Casadagi.
Bc Bc M, Devon thng (nm trn
Chemung, nm di Conewang).
cassidyite [2393] : casidyit.
Khong vt Ca2(Mg,Ni)(PO4)2.2H2O.
cassiterite [2394] : casiterit SnO2.
Khong vt t phng, mu nu, en, l
ngun qung chnh ca thic. Casiterit thng
dng tinh th lng tr, nh kim cng, cng c
khi dng khi c st vi cu to th ng tm
(thic th g-woodtin), hoc l cc mnh vn,
mnh v (thic dng chy-stream tin).
n: tinstone; tin ore; black tin.
cast [2395] : nhn.
Nhn ca ha thch to nn bi cc trm tch
th sinh lp y vo mt khun t nhin do ha
thch to ra khi n b thi ra, hoc ha tan.
98
 cast in place [2396] : ti ch.
, c cht lng ti ni n s ng rn li.
Trong thc t ngi ta hay ni v b tng ton
khi, l loi b tng c ti ch.
cast in place pile [2397] : cc ti ch.
Cc khoan nhi v b tng ti ch.
casting [2398] : lp khun.
Qu trnh to nn mt nhn trm tch t mt
khun t nhin ca mt v sinh vt hoc du vt
sinh hot ca sinh vt.
caswellsilverite [2399] : caswelsilverit.
Khong vt tm thy trong mt thin thch
NiCrS2 (?).
cat [2400] : st cng chu la.
cataclasis [2401] : ph vn, c nt.
cataclasite [2402] : cataclasit, c nt.
cataclastic breccia [2403] : dm kt c nt.
cataclastic conglomerate [2404] : cui kt
c nt.
cataclastic metamorphism [2405] : bin cht
c nt.
Mt kiu bin cht a phng xy ra dc
theo, ln cn t gy, chm nghch, ph v,
nghin nt, lm v vn v lm thay i kt cu
ca .
cataclastic rock [2406] : c nt.
Mt loi , v d dm kt kin to bao gm
nhng mnh v do cc b nghin vn dp v
di tc dng ca cc lc c hc trong v Tri
t v t mt loi bin cht hnh thnh do
hot ng c nt, dp v. n: cataclasite.
cataclastic structure [2407] : cu trc c nt,
cu trc va.
n: motar structure.
cataclastic texture [2408] : kin trc c nt.
Kin trc c nt- l kin trc ca bin cht
ng lc kt qu ca tc dng c hc, thnh
phn ca gm cc mnh v, cc tinh th
khong vt c sp xp theo mt phng nht
nh thng gc vi hng tc dng ca lc.
n: pressure texture.
catamorphism [2409] : bin cht c nt.
Hin tng bin cht ph hy xy ra trong
i bin cht trn mt t, gn mt t, trong
tp hp ha tan v gn kt to thnh tp hp
khong vt b dp v; oxy ha, hydrat ha, ha
tan v gn kt to thnh tp hp khong vt nh
hn, n gin hn. Cn c vit l
katamorphism. n: katamorphism.
catanorm [2410] : xc nh khong vt bng
tnh ton.
Nhng khong vt ca c xc nh trn
c s tnh ton theo s liu phn tch thnh phn
ha hc ca thnh to su, nh cc ca
tng eclogit, granulit v amphibolit ca bin
cht khu vc, hoc cc tng sanidin, piroxen-
hornblend, hornblend ca bin cht tip xc.
cataphorite [2411] : cataphorit.
Khong vt n nghing, pht nu thuc
nhm amphibol
Na2Ca(Fe+3,Al)5AlSi7O22(OH)2.
n: catophorite, cataphorite.
catapleiite [2412] : catapleit.
Khong vt h su phng, mu vng, nu
pht vng (Na2,Ca)ZrSi3O9.2H2O.
n: calcium-catapleiite, catapleite.
catapleite syenite [2413] : syenit catapleit.
Syenit c cha catapleit (catapleiit).
cataract [2414] : thc ln; l trn.
Thc hnh thnh trn nhng sng rng, nc
thng ng xung b vc vi lu lng ln.
catastrophe [2415] : tai bin, thm ha.
S thay i cc k t ngt v mnh lit ca
t nhin do nhng nguyn nhn khc thng
hoc ca lc siu nhin, nh hng gh gm ti
iu kin t nhin v mi trng sng trn Tri
t. V d: bo lt, ni la, ng t, v.v.
catastrophism [2416] : thuyt tai bin.
1- Mt hc thuyt cho rng c nhng tai
bin trong qu kh vi cng cc mnh, t
ngt, ngn ngi trn phm vi rng ln, ton cu,
vt ra ngoi thc t v hiu bit hin nay xy
ra trong v, Tri t lm thay i c bn th gii
t nhin.
2- Mt hc thuyt cho rng b mt ca v
Tri t hin nay, cng nh s sng ang tip
din l kt qu ca mt s thay i t ngt,
mnh m khong 5000-6000 nm trc gy ra
bi s bin i a cht vi cng , phm vi
ln hn nhiu ln so vi hin ti.
3- Hc thuyt cho rng s thay i trong
ng thc vt ca Tri t gy ra bi cc tai
bin ko theo s hnh thnh tnh a dng ca s
sng. n: convulsionism.
catastrophist [2417] : ngi theo thuyt
tai bin.
Tn ca thuyt tai bin, ngi theo thuyt
tai bin.
catawberite [2418] : catawberit.
Mt loi bin cht min nam California,
ch yu c talc v manhetit.
catazone [2419] : catazon.
Theo bng phn loi l mt i bin cht
su nht c c trng bi nhit cao (500-
700oC), p sut thy tnh ln nht, cn p lc
nh hng thp hoc khng c. Hin tng ti
to, ti kt tinh tip din lu di km theo qu
trnh bin dng, bin cht su cng vi hot
ng xm nhp, to nn cc phin kt tinh,
99
gneis, granulit, eklogit v amphibolit.
n: katazone.
catch basin [2420] : khu vc thu nc.
Bn hoc lu vc, nc mt chy n.
catchment area [2421] : vng thu nc, min
thu nc.
1- c p dng i vi tng cha nc, khu
vc hay vng b sung hay tt c cc vng cung
cp nc cho n.
2- Vng ngp lt ca min tch nc.
3- Lu vc sng.
catchment basin [2422] : bn thu nc.
n: drainage basin.
categories of geological structure complexity
[2423] : phc tp v cu trc a cht.
S phn loi cc vng theo mc phc
tp/kh nghin cu v mt cu trc a cht.
Cn c phn loi l: thnh phn v ngun gc
, c im un np, mc pht trin v s
lng t gy kin to, mc bin cht,v.v.
catena [2424] : chui, dy.
1- Mt chui ming ni la trn Sao Ha. a
s cc nh nghin cu cho rng chng c ngun
gc ni la.
2- Cc tng th nhng cng tui xut hin
t cc tng t trong cng mt iu kin kh
hu nhng c cc c tnh khc nhau do c s
phn d ca a hnh v mng sng sui.
catenicelliform [2425] : dng qun th phn
nhnh kiu chui.
Mt qun th Ru ng vt Cheilostomata
phn on c s phn nhnh thnh chui, trong
cc khong xen khp gm mt s c th.
Qun th bm y bng cc mu dng r.
catenulate colony [2426]: qun th dng chui.
S sinh trng qun th ca Chn c, trong
cc chn tip gip nhau hnh chui, v gia
chng khng pht trin thnh v ngoi.
Cathaysia [2427] : Cathaysia.
Mt khi lc a Paleozoi sm, hin nay
thuc lnh th ng Nam Trung Quc, ng
Dng, qun o ng Nam chu .
cation [2428] : cation; ion dng.
cation exchange [2429] : trao i cation.
S thay i mt cation ti mt v tr trn b
mt ca mt cht rn, nh trn ti khong vt
st oxid nhm-oxid silic, bi mt cation trong
dung dch. n: base exchange; ion exchange.
catoctin [2430] : ni st bn bnh nguyn c.
i st, i tn d dng qu m hay ni st
cao hn bn bnh nguyn v c bo ton trn
nh ca bn bnh nguyn.
catophorite [2431] : cataphorit.
Khong vt h n nghing, mu pht nu
ca nhm amphibol. Cn vit l kataphorite;
cataphorite.
catoptrite [2432] : catoptrit.
Khong vt n nghing, mu en :
(Mn,Mg,Fe)14(Al,Fe)4Sb2Si2O29. Cng cn
vit l: katoptrite.
Ca-Tschermak molecule [2433] : pyroxen
nhn to.
Pyroxen nhn to CaAl(AlSi)O6. Thnh phn
gi thit ca pyroxen t nhin. Khng nhm vi
t tschermakite. n: Tschermak molecule.
catstep [2434] : g, bc sn i.
G, b hoc bc hay nhiu g, bc hay b
trn mt t do t sp l, tt l dc theo
sn i, sn ni, cao khong mt vi cm n
1,5m, rng trung bnh 1m.
catter [2435] : chn bng.
Vit tt ca bellicatter. n: icefoot.
cattierite [2436] : catierit.
Khong vt c cu trc nh pyrit: CoS2.
cauce [2437] : lng sng.
cauda [2438] : ui, on cht.
on tht li gn tm ca mt b xng
mt s Ru ng vt Cheilostomata, bao gm
mt phn ca khin trn v cc phn gip k ca
vch ngang v vch y. Sn: caudae.
caudal fan [2439] : ui hnh qut.
Cu trc bi rt mnh ng vt V
gip Malacostraca, c c chc nng li v gi
thng bng.
caudal furca [2440] : chc ui.
ui ca ng vt V gip, gm mt i
nhnh hnh chc.
caudal process [2441] : mu ui.
on tht li pha sau ca mai mt s
Ostracoda, thng nm khong gia chiu cao
ca chng.
caudal ramus [2442] : chi ui.
Chi ph c i t bng cui ca ng vt
V gip, thng hnh kim hoc hnh l la, c
th l dng si hay dng nhiu t.
n: caudal appendage; cercus.
cauldron [2443] : lng cho, h trng kiu
lng cho.
cauldron subsidence [2444] : ln t lng
cho, a hnh st lng cho.
1- Cu trc nhn c do h thp b mt t
dc theo i t gy, khe nt vng cung ca
khi t nhiu c hnh tr xung l magma;
thng t hp vi cc vng dike.
2- Trn b mt, l qu trnh hnh thnh a
hnh lng cho. n: cave.
caulk [2445] : caulk.
Thut ng a phng nc Anh dng
100
ch vi hoc phn. n: calk.
causse [2446] : karst, a hnh karst, cao
nguyn vi.
Thut ng gc ting Php, ng ngha vi
karst. Trong mt s ng dng, n m ch cao
nguyn karst kch thc tng i nh.
caustobiolith [2447] : sinh vt chy,
caustobiolith.
Mt loi hu c d chy, c ngun gc t
thc vt.
caustolith [2448] : chy.
Loi c c tnh d chy. Loi ny
thng c ngun gc hu c (than v than bn),
tuy nhin cng c khi l ngun gc v c (lu
hunh, asphalt, graphit).
caustophytolith [2449] : caustophytolith,
chy gc thc vt.
1- chy gc thc vt.
2- Loi caustobiolith c thnh to trc tip
t tn tch thc vt, nh than bn, than nu v
than .
caustozoolith [2450] : caustozoolith.
1- chy gc ng vt.
2- Loi caustobiolith c hnh thnh trc
tip t s tch t ca cc tn tch ng vt.
cavability [2451] : , kh nng to hm ch.
cavaedium [2452] : hang thng ngoi.
Khoang khng ng u bn trong thn Bt
bin thng thng ra ngoi, nhng khng l ra v
c biu b ngoi che ph. Sn: cavaeclia.
cavalorite [2453] : cavalorit.
Mt loi xm nhp kin trc ht gm
feldspar kali nhiu hn oligioclas. Thut ng
c t theo tn vng Cavaloro, Italia.
cavansite [2454] : cavansit.
Khong vt h thoi, mu xanh bin - xanh
l cy nht: Ca(VO)(Si4O10).6H2O, ng hnh
vi pentagonit.
cave [2455] : hang, ng, h.
1- Khong khng m t nhin di t,
thng lin thng vi b mt v rng va phi
ngi ta vo ra. Kiu thng gp in hnh l
do s ha tan trong vi.
2- Hang nhn to c c im tng t.
3- Ngha s dng khng chnh thc: bt k
mt , hang no .
cave blister [2456] : hang hnh cu, hang trn.
Mt phn hang hay mt hang nh hn c
dng bn cu hoc hnh cu ni lin vi vch
hang ln, thng cu thnh t thch cao hoc
hydromanhezit.
cave breakdown [2457] : sp l hang ng.
Qu trnh sp l trn vch ca mt hang ng
to nn s tch t cc mnh vn sau .
cave breathing [2458] : hang th, hang sng.
Lung gi thi vo, thi ra qua mt li vo
hang, thng thng vi pht mt ln.
cave breccia [2459] : dm kt hang ng.
Cc mnh vn vi gc cnh b ri xung
t trn vch xung y ca mt hang ng v
c carbonat calci gn kt li.
cave bubble [2460] : hang c cc nh hnh
cu, dng chm nho ln.
Hang hnh cu khng lin thng, thng
bng calcit, thnh to cc bt kh b mt hang.
cave coral [2461] : khong vt th sinh hnh
g gh, hnh qu m.
Thng cu to bng calcit bm hang
rt nhiu.
cave cotton [2462] : thch cao dng bng.
Cc si cong, thnh phn thch cao hoc
epsomit nh ra t vch hang.
n: gypsum cotton.
cave earth [2463] : t hang ng.
Vt liu vn ht mn, thng b ri lp y
tng phn ca mt hang ng. n: cave soil.
cave flower [2464] : thch cao dng hoa.
Thch cao hoc epsomit pht trin t vch v
trn hang, un cong v di trng nh hoa. S
pht trin ca cc cu to xy ra phn cui.
n: gypsum cotton.
cave formation [2465] : trm tch hang ng.
Cc thnh to khong vt th sinh trong
hang.
cave in [2466] : sp l vo hang, ln st, tt.
1- Sp mt phn hay ton b t vo
hang ln di t nh cng trng l thin hoc
hm ngm.
2- Sp thnh lnh vt cht ca vch vo
hang thng ng.
3- Ni c t sp hoc ri xung.
cave in lake [2467] : h hang ng.
Ni cha nc nng m phn bn trng c
to thnh do sp l b mt v nc bng tan
chim ch vng bng vnh vin. n: thaw
lake; thermokarst lake; cryogenic lake.
cave mable [2468] : m no hang ng.
X: cave onyx.
cave onyx [2469] : onix hang ng.
Trm tch th lp (va) nn cht, thnh phn
calcit hoc aragonit tm thy trong hang, c kh
nng mi bng tt v b ngoi ging onit.
cave pearl [2470] : kt hch hang ng.
Mt loi trm tch hang ng b ri, thng
c thnh phn l calcit, c hnh thnh t s
tch t theo cc lp ng tm xung quanh mt
nhn, c trng bi cu to tinh th hnh ta tia.
n: cave pisolite.
101
 cave pisolite [2471] : pizolit hang ng.
ht u hnh thnh trong qu trnh
thnh to hang ng, tng ng vi thut ng
cave pearl.
cave system [2472] : h thng hang ng.
1- Mt nhm cc hang ng thng vi nhau
hoc c quan h thy vn vi nhau.
2- Hang phc tp (gm nhiu hang).
caver [2473] : ngi thm him hang ng.
Ngi thch thm him hang ng; gi hang
ng. n: spelunker, speleologistt.
cavern [2474] : hang, cng trnh ngm dng
phng, snh.
cavern flow [2475] : dng chy t hang ln.
Chuyn ng hn lon ca nc di t qua
hang ng, t si to u hoc knh dn ln
di tc ng ca trng lc hoc p lc.
cavernous [2476] : hang ng, c hang hc.
Cha hang ng, khoang bung hoc cc
khong l hng th; nh trong vi v cc
bt, hng ni la.
caving [2477] : s sp hang; s thnh to
hang; s thm him, du lch hang ng.
cavitation [2478] : s to l hng.
cavity [2479] : hc, l hng trong .
1- L hng, hang ha tan trong hang ng
vi.
2- L hng nh trong dung nham.
cawk [2480] : barit.
cay [2481] : o, di ct.
1- o ct hay o San h, thp, nh dc
b bin.
2- Di ct ngm hoc m tiu (o san h)
San h phng, cao hn mc nc lc thy triu
cao. Thut ng hay dng min Ty n ,
nh vn "kay", pht m "key". Ngun gc thut
ng Ty Ban Nha: cayo.
cay sandstone [2482] : ct kt m tiu, ct kt
doi ct ngm.
Loi ct San h b ri hay gn kt chc, hnh
thnh gn chn ca doi ct m tiu San h v
t ti mc triu cao, n c carbonat calci
tch t t mi trng nc ngt gn kt.
cayeuxite [2483] : cayeuxit.
L mt loi pyrit dng khi cha silic, arsen,
antimon, germani.
caysichite [2484] : caysichit.
Khong vt h thoi:
(Y,Ca)4Si4O10(CO3)3.4H2O.
Cayugan [2485] : Cayugi (t).
Thng Bc M, Silur thng (nm trn
Niagari, nm di Helderbergi thuc Devon).
Cazenovian [2486] : Cazenovi (t).
Bc Bc M, Devon trung (nm trn
Onesquethawi, nm di Tioughniogi).
cebollite [2487] : cebolit.
Khong vt dng si mu pht xanh n
trng Ca4Al2Si3O14(OH)2.
cechite [2488] : cechit.
Khong vt thuc nhm descrloizit-
pyrobelonit Pb(Fe+2,Mn+2)(VO4)(OH).
cecilite [2489] : cecilit.
Mt loi basalt c t ban tinh gm : ,
leucit, augit, melilit, nephelin, olivin, anorthit,
magnetit, apatit. Leucit chim khong 50%, tip
theo l cc khong vt mafic, melilit 1-8%,
nephelin 8%. anorthit 4%. t tn theo vng
Cecilia, Italia.
cedarite [2490] : cedarit.
Nha ha . n: chemawinite.
cedricite [2491] : cedricit.
Mt loi leucitit cha cc ban tinh leucit v
pyroxen n nghing trong nn ht phlogopit rt
mn. Thut ng mang tn vng Mount Cedric,
Western Australia.
celadonite [2492] : celadonit.
Khong vt mm, dng t mu xanh hoc
xanh xm, thuc nhm mica vi cng thc l
tng l K[(Mg, Fe+2)(Fe+3, Al)]Si4O10(OH)2.
To thnh tng m trong basalt. C cu trc
rt ging cu trc ca glauconit. Khng nhm
vi chalcedonite. n: svitalskite.
celestine [2493] : celestin.
X: celestite.
celestite [2494] : celestit.
Khong vt h thoi SrSO4, thng c mu
trng i khi nhum mu xanh nht. Thng c
trong st tn d, v trong m mui, thch cao i
km vi dolomit, phin st. L qung c bn ca
stronti. n: celestine; coelestine.
cell [2495] : , ngn.
Bng in t gm nhiu , mi lu tr cc
thng tin khc nhau.
cell texture [2496] : cu to vch ngn, cu
to t ong, cu to mng li.
Trong cc m qung, mt kiu mng li
c hnh thnh bi s ha tan hoc thay th cc
cu trc hu c.
cellular [2497] : bung, tng.
Cu to c cc khe nt, l hng (thut ng
ny thng dng i vi hc, l hng ln nhng
nh hn hang ng). n: vesicular.
cellule [2498] : , ngn.
Khong chia nh ca mt phn ngoi ra
phn ngoi mt i ra ca Trng l, nh h
Orbitolinidae.
celsian [2499] : celsian.
Khong vt h n nghing nhm feldspar,
102
khng mu : BaAl2Si2O8, khong vt cha bari
tng t vi anorthit v ng hnh vi
paracelsian.
cement [2500] : cement (xi mng).
Khong cht, thng c tch t bng con
ng ho hc, c mt khong trng gia cc
ht vn ca mt loi trm tch, lm nhim v
gn kt chng thnh mt khi rn chc. Loi xi
mng ph bin nht l silic (thch anh, opal,
chalcedon), carbonat (calcit, dolomit, siderit) v
cc loi oxid st. Ngoi ra l khong vt st,
barit, thch cao, anhydrit v pyrit.
cement admixtures [2501] : gia cng bng
xi mng.
Trn xi mng vi t mt m nht nh
gp phn n nh t trong nhng iu kin c
bit, v d gia cng t nn di lp b tng
ng t cao tc hoc ng bng my bay.
cement clay [2502] : st xi mng.
Loi st c cha mt lng carbonat calci,
dng sn xut xi mng.
cement gravel [2503] : si xi mng.
Loi si c cc vt liu st, silic hoc
calcit gn kt.
cement grout [2504] : bm pht xi mng; pht
va xi mng hn, trm.
cement gun [2505] : sng phun va xi mng.
Thit b a va hoc b tng qua mt l nh
di p lc. Theo phng php ny hn hp xi
mng v ct liu nh c p bng kh nn qua
mt ng mm vo trong vi phun, ti vt liu
nn c trn cng vi nc a vo bng mt
ng khc to nn va phun.
cement stabilization [2506] : gia c, gia
cng bng xi mng.
cementation [2507] : gn kt, to .
Qu trnh to , nh cc ht trm tch
vn th c to thnh gn kt chc, thng
qua s tch t khong vt cc khong trng
gia cc ht vn. N c th xut hin ng thi
hay sau qu trnh tch t. X: diagenesis.
n: agglutination.
cemented sandfill [2508] : ct san lp c
gn kt.
cementing [2509] : trm xi mng.
Bm va xi mng vo l khoan cho chy
ngc ln khong trng gia vch l khoan v
ng chng ngn s xm nhp ca cc cht
lng vo l khoan hoc cch ly cc tng cha
nc.
Cenomanian [2510] : Cenoman.
Bc do d'Orbigny (1852) xc lp theo tn
Latinh Cenomanum ca thnh ph Le Mans ca
Php, l bc ca thi a tng quc t, phn thp
nht ca Creta thng hay Creta trung theo mt
s tc gi khc nhau (nm trn Albi, nm di
Turon). Cng c tc gi xp vo Creta trung.
Cenophytic [2511] : Tn thc vt.
Phn v c thc vt ca thi gian a cht
nh du bng s pht trin ca thc vt ht kn
bt u t khong gia hoc cui Creta.
cenosite [2512] : cenosit.
n: kainosite.
cenotypal [2513] : cenotypal.
Mt loi magma porphyrit ht mn, dng
ca cc phun tro ti hoc gn ti nh nhng
tui tam v Holoxen. Thut ng ny v
thut ng paleotypal a n s phn bit nhng
ni la mi v ni la c. C hai thut ng
ny u t s dng.
Cenozoic [2514] : Kainozoi, Tn sinh.
Mt i ca a thi, t u k tam n
hin nay (mt s tc gi tch t thnh mt
i ring). V mt c sinh c trng bi s tin
ha v pht trin phong ph ca ng vt c v,
thn mm, chim v thc vt ht kn. Kainozoi
c bt u t 65 triu nm trc y. Cn
c vit Cainozoic, Kainozoic.
cenozoology [2515] : tn ng vt hc.
Mn ng vt hc nghin cu cc ng vt
hin ang tn ti m khng quan tm n nhng
dng tuyt chng.
center [2516] : tm, trung tm.
center gravity [2517] : tm lc hp dn.
im trong vt th hoc ca h thng vt th,
thng qua , tng lc hp dn tc ng vo vt
th hoc h thng ti v tr c cn bng v tr
bt k no.
center of action [2518] : trung tm hot ng.
center of borehole [2519] : tm l khoan.
center of distribution [2520] : trung tm
phn b.
center of reticule [2521] : tm ch nht (trong
dng c quang hc).
central eruption [2522] : phun tro trung tm.
S nm ra, s tro ra ca cc vt liu ni la
(dung nham, cc mnh vn v kh) t mt im
trung tm, hnh thnh ni la dng hnh nn
hoc dng vm.
central tendency [2523] : xu hng trung tm.
Bt c s o c hay tr s no i din cho
hoc ch ra c trung tm ca ton b phn
phi thng k. V d: median, s "mt" hay s
trung bnh cng.
central uplift [2524] : vng nng trung tm.
Vng nng trung tm do nh hng ca
ming ni la hoc ming ni la phun n
bng cch vt liu c a ln, a xung. N
c thnh to giai on tng i mun
103
trong qu trnh to ming ni la v dng nh
khng b san bng. Nt c trng l cu to n
n v v vy ngi ta cho rng do nh hng ca
meteorit.
central vent [2525] : ming trung tm.
Ni b mt t m ra hng ni la c dng
tr hay dng ng.
centre line [2526] : trc i xng.
centric diatom [2527] : To silic trung tm.
To silic v c bn c i xng ta tia.
centrifugal crusher [2528]:my nghin li tm.
centrifugal drainage pattern [2529] : kiu
tiu ly tm; kiu tiu ta tia.
centrifuge [2530] : thit b quay ly tm.
Quay ly tm, th nghim m hnh quay
li tm.
centripetal drainage pattern [2531] : kiu
tiu hng tm.
Kiu tiu nc trong cc dng chy chy
v tm vng trng.
centripetal replacement [2532] : thay th
hng tm.
S thay th khong vt, trong phn rim
ngoi ca khong vt phn ln b thay th.
centroid of a rectangular plate [2533] : tm
ca bn nn ch nht.
centrosymmetric [2534] : tm i xng.
Thut ng ni v tinh th c tm i xng.
cenuglomerate [2535] : cenuglomerat.
1- Loi hnh thnh t s kt gn vt liu
ca dng bn.
2- Loi dm kt th c thnh to do s tch
t vt liu t qu trnh trt l t , hoc
dng bn.
cephalopod [2536] : Chn u (Cephalopoda).
ng vt Thn mm bin c u r rng,
c mm bao quanh bi cc chn bin i thnh
sc tu c gic ht. V ngoi cc dng c th
thng hay hi cong, dn dn cun li, bn trong
chia thnh phng kh v phng cha thn.
Nhng dng v trong xut hin t Mesozoi v
tn ti n ngy nay nh mc, bch tuc (mc
ph). Tui: Cambri n nay.
ceratite [2537] : Ceratitida.
ng vt Chn u dng Cc c trng
bi ng khu v c yn trn v thy x
kha. Tui: Permi-Trias.
ceratitic suture [2538] : ng khu kiu
Ceratit.
Mt kiu ng khu dng Cc c
trng bi cc yn trn v cc thy x kha
tinh t.
ceratoid [2539] : dng sng.
ca mt San h n th c dng sng thon.
cercopod [2540] : trm ui, chi ui.
Chi ph phn t c i hay n chic nm
cui thn mt s ng vt Chn khp, v d chi
ui ng vt V gip. n: cercus.
cercus [2541] : chi ui.
Sn: cerci. n: cercopod.
cerianite [2542] : cerianit.
Khong vt: CeO2, thng cha mt t thori.
cerine [2543] : khong vt allanite; khong
vt cerite.
cerite [2544] : cerit.
Khong vt ba phng:
(Ce,Ca)9(Mg,Fe)Si7(O,OH,F)29. n: cerine.
cerium [2545] : ceri (Ce).
Nguyn t ha hc s 58, nguyn t lng
140,116; t trng 6,77 g/cm3; kim loi trng
thi rn thuc nhm lithophil. C 4 ng v bn
v 31 ng v khng bn. Hm lng Ce trong
cc (theo ppm): trong v lc a trn l 65,7;
siu mafic l 3; gabro-basalt l 16; granit-
granodiorit l 90; trong t l 65; trong phin
80; trong nc i dng 0,000001 mg/l, trong
sng sui l 0,00006 mg/l. Cc khong vt tiu
biu l monazit, bastnaezit, cerit, xenotim. Ce
cn c trong khong vt feldspar, apatit, sphen,
fluorit, zircon. Phng php phn tch Ce: XRF,
ICP-AES, ICP-MS. c s dng trong k ngh
thy tinh, s gm, luyn thp, xc tc, v tuyn,
ht nhn, v.v.
cernyite [2546] : cernyit.
Khong vt c mt trong pegmatit cng vi
kesterit, Cu2Cd Sn S4. T c gc Tip Khc.
cerotungstite [2547] : cerotungstit.
Khong vt h n nghing: CeW2O6(OH)3.
cerulate [2548] : cerulat.
Khong vt, xanh lam hi lc
Cu2Al7(OH)13(AsO4)4.11H2O.
ceruleite [2549] : ceruleit.
Khong vt mu xanh ngc lam:
Cu2 Al7(OH)13(AsO4)4.11,5H2O.
cerulene [2550] : cerulen.
1- Tn thng mi ca mt loi calcit xanh l
cy hoc xanh da tri, do cha azurit hoc
malachit v c dng nh mt loi qy.
2- Thut ng c dng t hn ch mt
loi thch cao xanh da tri.
cerussite [2551] : cerusit.
Khong vt h thoi, khng mu, trng, vng
nht hoc xm nht ca nhm aragonit: PbCO3,
l sn phm bin i ca galen v l khong vt
qung c gi tr ca ch.
n: white lead ore; lead spar.
cervantite [2552] : cervantit.
Khong vt h thoi, mu trng hoc vng:
104
 Sb+3 Sb+5O4, ging vi stibiconit.
cesanite [2553] : cesanit.
Khong vt Ca2Na3[(OH)(SO4)3], ng hnh
vi apatit.
cesarolite [2554] : cesarolit.
Khong vt mu xm thp: H2PbMn3O8, dng
khi mm, xp.
cesbronite [2555] : cesbronit.
Khong vt: Cu5(TeO3)2(OH)6.2H2O.
cesium kupletskite [2556] : kupletskit cesi.
Khong vt nhm astrophylit:
(Cs,K,Na)3(Mn, Fe)7 (Ti,Nb)2 Si8O24(O,OH,F)7
to thnh tp hp vi kupletskit.
cestibtantite [2557] : cestibtantit.
Khong vt thng c ng hnh vi
microlit, (CsNa)SbTa4O12.
ceylonite [2558] : ceylonit.
Spinel cha st, xanh l cy sm hoc en.
n: pleonaste; candite; ceflanite; zeylanite.
chabazite (chabasite) [2559] : chabazit
(chabasite).
Khong vt zeolit CaAl2Si4O12.6H2O, i khi
cha Na v K.
chabourneite [2560] : chaburneit.
Khong vt: Tl21-xPb2x(Sb,As)91-xS1,47. Trong
x = 0 n 17,5.
chadacryst [2561] : tinh th khm.
Tinh th c dng cu to khm.
n: of xenocryst.
Chadronian [2562] : Chadron (t).
Bc Bc M, Oligocen h (nm trn ,
Duchesne, nm di Oreli).
chaetetid [2563] : San h dng si
(Chaetitidae).
San h dng khi, gm nhng khng vch
rt thanh, tng khng thng l v tm y hon
chnh. Cc sinh vt ny hin c xp vo San
h vch y, song cng cn c xp vo Thy
tc, Ru ng vt hoc vo Bt bin. Tui:
Ordovic-Permi.
chaff peat [2564] : than bn b.
Loi than bn c thnh to t cc mnh
vn thc vt.
chain [2565] : chui, mt xch.
Thut ng c bn ch hng lot c im
t nhin c phn b nhiu t theo chiu di,
nh h dng chui, qun o ko di, ca bin,
hay mt xch ni la. V d nh dy ni ko di
gn nh song song vi nhau.
chain coral [2566] : San h chui
(Halysitidae).
San h thuc mt h c trng bi nhng
San h hnh ng bu dc hoc gn a gic, ni
lin nhau to thnh dy hnh chui.
chain crater [2567] : chui hay lot ming
ni la.
Mt trong s nhng h trng nh, nh
hng theo tuyn trn b mt, Mt trng, Sao
Ha v Sao Thy v cho rng n c thnh
to do hot ng ni la hoc do cc va chm
th sinh.
chain silicate [2568] : silicat chui.
chainage [2569] : khong cch n tm trc
ta .
chalcanthite [2570] : chalcanthit.
Khong vt ba nghing, mu xanh
CuSO45H2O. Ngun qung th yu ca ng.
n: bluevitriol; coppevitriol; bluestone;
cyanosit.
chalcedonite [2571] : chalcedonit.
X: chalcedony.
chalcedony [2572] : chalcedon.
1- L mt loi thch anh vi tinh, n tinh,
, thng c kin trc sferolit. Trong t nhin to
thnh nhng tp hp c dng rt khc nhau, c
nh m n nh sp. Thng thng b nhum
mu do bi hematit to mu , limonit to mu
vng, clorit to mu xanh v cng c th to
mu nhn to, chalcedon to thnh cc trong
basalt, melafur hnh nhn v c trong vi. L
khong vt th sinh nhit thp (di 120oC).
2- Tn chung gi SiO2 tinh th kt thnh
khi vi kin trc si ta tia ng tm, vi
quang tnh m (khng ging thch anh).
3- Tn thng nghip ch onyx (m no)
mu xanh lam t nhin. n: chalcedonite.
, chalcedonyx [2573] : m no.
Mt loi onyx (m no) vi s xen k ca
cc gii mu xm v trng. L mt loi bn
qy.
chalco [2574] : chalco.
Tip u ng, c ngha l "ng".
chalcoalumite [2575] : chalcoalumit.
Khong vt mu lc ngc lam n xanh nht
CuAl4(SO4)(OH)12.3H2O. Khong vt tng t
cha Ni l mbobomkulit.
chalcocite [2576] : chalcocit.
Khong vt mu en hoc mu ch xm ti
Cu2S, nh kim loi, tinh th h thoi hoc dng
khi. L ngun qung ng quan trng.
n: copper glance chancosine; redruthite; beta
chalcosite; vitreous copper.
chalcocyanite [2577] : chalcocyanit.
Khong vt mu trng: CuSO4.
n: hydrocyanite.
chalcodite [2578] : chalcodit.
Khong vt stilpnomelan.
chalcolite [2579] : chalcolit.
105
 Khong vt torbernit.
chalcolithic [2580] : thi i ng.
n: copper age.
chalcomenite [2581] : chalcomenit.
Khong vt mu xanh bin: CuSeO3.2H2O.
chalconatronite [2582] : chalconatronit.
Khong vt Na2Cu(CO3)2.3H2O. L nhng
vt th nh mu pht xanh trn cc vt lm
bng ng thic Hy Lp.
chalcopentlandite [2583] : chalcopenlandit.
L sulfua nhit cao theo l thuyt ca Cu,
Ni v Fe, i din bi hn hp ca penlandit v
chalcopyrit.
chalcophanite [2584] : chalcophanit.
Khong vt h ba nghing, mu en:
(Zn, Mn,Fe) Mn+43O7.3H2O.
chalcophile [2585] : chalcophil.
1- Ch mt nguyn t tp trung trong sulfua
nhiu hn trong cc pha kim loi, silicat ca cc
thin thch v c kh nng tp trung trong manti
lin quan vi v v nhn Tri t (trong bng
phn loi cc nguyn t trong Tri t ca
Goldschmid).
2- Ch mt nguyn t c xu hng tp trung
trong cc khong vt v qung sulfua. l cc
nguyn t c th in cc trung gian v c kh
nng c mt trong monosulfua. V d S, Se, As,
Fe, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, Ag.
chalcophyllite [2586] : chalcophylit.
Khong vt mu xanh lc
Cu18Al2(ASO4)3(SO4)3(OH)27.33H2O.
n: copper mica (mica ng).
chalcopyrite [2587] : chalcopyrit.
(kv) Tn c t t ch Hy Lp: chalkos-
ng, pyr-ngn la. Sulfua Cu v st CuFeS2.
Kt tinh trong tinh h t phng, thng c tp
hp dng khi, tinh th t din mu vng thau
n vng, thng c sc xanh. L ngun quan
trng ca qung ng v c trong cc m nhit
dch, bin cht trao i, magma. n: copper
pyrites; yellow copper ore; yellow pyrites;
fool's gold (vng gi).
chalcosiderite [2588] : chalcosiderit.
Khong vt mu xanh l cy:
Cu(Fe,Al)6(PO4)4(OH)8.4H2O, ng hnh vi
turquois.
chalcosine [2589] : chalcosin.
X: chalcocite.
chalcostibite [2590] : chalcostibit.
Khong vt mu xm ch: CuSbS2.
n: wolfsbevgite.
chalcothallite [2591] : chalcothalit.
Khong vt: Cu3 Tl S2.
chalcotrichite [2592] : chalcotrichit.
Dng ng, si ca cuprit, tinh th dng si
thanh mnh kt li vi nhau. n: plush copper
ore; hair copper.
Chalk [2593] : Phn; phn.
1- (t) Thut ng a tng c dng hn ch
ty bc Chu u cho Creta thng. Anh,
phn v c chia thnh Phn di (Cenon),
Phn gia (Turon) v Phn trn (Senon).
2- (trt) Loi vi ngun gc bin, mu
vng xm, trng n xm sng, dng t, mm
v tinh sch, c thnh phn ch yu (90-99%) l
calcit, c thnh to t s tch t v sinh vt
tri ni bin nng (ch yu l foraminifers) v
tn tch vn loi to vi (coccoliths v
rhabdoliths), cu thnh mt loi nn calcit vi
tinh phi cu to. Loi ny thng xp, gn
kt yu v thnh phn c th bao gm cc tn
tch sinh vt bm y (ammonites, echnoderms,
v pelecypods), cc kt hch silic v pyrit. Cc
loi phn ni ting v phn b rng ri nht
c tui Creta.
chalk cliff failures induced by undercutting
[2594] :
Vch phn vi b ph hy do phn chn b
nc bo xi hm ch.
chalk rock [2595] : phn.
Loi mu trng sa, mm ging nh phn
trng, talc, tuf vi, phin diatome, tuf ni la,
hoc lp vi trng.
chalk stream [2596] : sui chy qua hay dc
theo lp phn.
chalky [2597] : phn.
1- Loi t hoc c cha, giu hay c
c trng bi thnh phn phn. n: cretaceous.
2- Loi vi c dng phn.
3- Cc loi c rng, mn nh phn hoc
st vi.
chalky marl [2598] : marl cha phn.
Loi st vi mu pht xm giu phn v
cha ti 30% vt cht st.
challantite [2599] : chalantit.
Khong vt: 6Fe2(SO4)3.Fe2O3.63H2O.
chalmersite [2600] : chalmersit.
X: cubanite.
chalybite [2601] : chalybit.
Khong vt fero- carbonat. n: siderite.
chamber [2602] : phng, bung.
Trng l, l n v c bn ca v gm mt
xoang v cc vch bao quanh n, c hnh th
khc nhau nhng lun thng vi cc phng gip
k qua cc l thng; Bt bin Sphinctozoa l
mt cu trc hc u n lin k nhau to nn
bi khung xng; Chn u l phng kh nm
sau phng cha thn.
106
 chamberlet [2603] : phng th cp.
Phng nh Trng l do s chia nh mt
phng bng cc vch ph.
chambersite [2604] : chambersit.
Khong vt h thoi: Mn3B7O13Cl.
chamcanite [2605] : chamcanit.
Khong vt: (Cu,Fe)4As(Se,S)4 pht trin xen
k vi giraudit.
chamosite [2606] : chamosit.
Khong vt khi tm mt ba, mu xanh l
cy n nu ca nhm clorit, trong Fe ha tr
2 trong cation khi tm mt.
Champlainian [2607] : Champlain.
Thng khu vc Bc M, Ordovic trung
(nm trn Canadi, nm di Cincinnat). ng
ngha vi Ordovic trc y.
changbaiite [2608] : changbaiit.
Khong vt: PbNb2O6.
change [2609] : thay i, chuyn i.
change of ownership clause [2610] : iu
khon v chuyn quyn s hu (trong cc
hp ng).
Changhsingian [2611] : Changhsing (t).
Bc do Huang (1932) thnh lp theo a danh
Changhsing (Trng Hng) Trung Quc. Permi
thng (di Trias, trn Wuchiaping hoc
Dzulfi), c phn ban a tng Permi quc t
cng nhn nm 1998.
channel [2612] : lng dn, knh, mng, rnh.
1- B phn su nht ca lng sng ni nc
chy qua.
2- Knh thin nhin hoc nhn to c nc
chy thng xuyn hoc nh k.
3- Knh hp, knh un khc, thng c
thnh to trong cc dng dung nham.
4- (tc) nh vin thm c ghi thnh cc
knh theo tn s sng. X: band.
5- (cs) Cu trc lm dng rnh v ng vt
khng xng sng.
channel bar [2613] : doi ct ko di theo
hng chy ca sng.
channel erosion [2614] : xm thc dng.
S xm thc, trong vt liu b nc cun
i theo mt hng chy r rng, xm thc do
dng chy ca mng, rnh.
channel fill [2615] : bi tch lp y lng.
Vt liu aluvi lng sng, c bit vt liu
aluvi sui cn, ni m kh nng vn chuyn
vt liu ca nc khng cn na, vt liu aluvi
sng, sui "cht" - khng c nc.
channel fill deposit [2616] : trm tch
lng sng.
Trm tch lng sng, c bit ni m kh
nng vn chuyn ca sng khng a a hnh ni karst (karst nng).
i xa.
channel flow [2617] : dng chy trong knh.
S chuyn ng ca nc trong mt knh
thin nhin hoc nhn to.
channel maintenance constant [2618] : hng
s bo qun knh dn.
H s gia din tch lu vc nc v tng
chiu di ca cc con sng v sui cc bc
khc nhau trong lu vc .
channel mouth bar [2619] : di ct ngm
ca sng.
Di ct ngm ni nc khng chy, c
thnh to do vn tc ca dng chy b gim (di
ct ngm ca sng hoc sui).
channel pattern [2620] : kiu hang dng sng
knh rch.
Hnh dng gii hn ca dng chy nh lng
sng, knh mng c nhn thy t trn khng.
Cc dng thng gp l thng, hnh sin, un
khc v di vin.
channel sand [2621] : ct lng.
Trm tch ct hoc ct kt trn mt lng sui
b bo mn ti cc nm di. Nu c l ra,
loi ct c th cha vng hoc cc khong
vt qy khc; nu nh b vi lp, chng c kh
nng cha du kh.
channelization [2622] : to knh, to mng,
to dng.
Qu trnh lm cho thng v o su lng
knh,, cho php nc chy nhanh hn gim
ngp lt hoc phc v cho ti tiu
nng nghip.
channery [2623] : si.
1- Cc mnh vi, ct kt hoc phin
mng v phng c ng knh 150mm.
2- Thut ng ny cn c dng Scotland
v Ireland ch si cc loi.
chantalite [2624] : chantalit.
Khong vt: CaAl2SiO4(OH)4.
chaoite [2625] : chaoit.
Khong vt h su phng, gc carbon, a
hnh vi kim cng, graphit v lonsdaleit.
chaos [2626] : hn lon, hn n khng c
quy lut.
chaotic [2627] : chaotic.
Loi tuf c cu to c st, khng c c
tnh phn lp, cha mt hn hp tng ng
gia vt liu ht mn v th.
chaotic terrain [2628]:i ni, bi bin c si.
Cc khu vc trn Sao Ha c a hnh thp,
gm nhiu sng ni dng nh c hnh thnh
do s tiu hao ca a hnh ming ni la
(crater). iu ny c l gii nh l c im
107
 chapeiro [2629] : m tiu n l.
Di ngm San h n l pht trin trn cc
m San h ri rc, c lc dng thp hoc dng
nm, cao 12-15 m.
chapmanite [2630] : chapmanit.
Khong vt: Fe Sb(SiO4)2(OH).
characteristic impedance [2631] : sc khng,
tr khng c trng.
characterizing accessory mineral [2632] :
khong vt ph c trng.
n: varietal mineral.
charge [2633] : liu, lng thuc n.cctr).
Lng thuc n ti u trong thit k n mn
sn xut, khai thc.
chargeability [2634] : np in.
n v s cp ca phn cc theo thi gian.
l mt on di ng cong gia hai ln
ngng pht dng. Thng biu din bng t s
milivon giy trn von.
Charmouthian [2635] : Charmouthi.
Bc Anh, Jura h (nm trn Sinemuri, nm
di Domeri).
charoite [2636] : charoit.
Khong vt: (K,Ba,Sr)(Ca,Na)2Si4O10(OH,F).
0,5-1,0H2O.
chart [2637] : bn , bn v, biu .
Mt dng bn bn v th hin ni dung
chuyn mn, v.v.
chartometer [2638] : dng c o biu .
Dng c dng o chiu di trn biu
hoc bn nh chiu di sng sui trn bn
a hnh.
chatkalite [2639] : chatkalit.
Khong vt h bn phng: Cu6FeSn2S8 ng
loi vi mawsonit.
chatoyancy [2640] : long lanh.
Hin tng quang hc, khong vt di nh
sng phn x, khi thay i v tr khong vt
bng cch xoay bn knh hin vi th khong vt
pht ra tia sng long lanh. l kt qu do s
phn x nh sng ca nhng bao th hnh kim,
ng phn b song song bn trong khong vt.
Hin tng ny c th nhn thy trong cc loi
qu di knh hin vi. n: chatoyance.
chatoyant [2641] : long lanh.
Thut ng ni v hin tng nh sng long
lanh do s thay i nh v mu ca khong vt
khi nh sng xuyn qua chng.
Chattian [2642] : Chatti (t).
Bc do Fuchs (1894) xc lp theo tn b tc
Chatt Ty u, l bc ca thi a tng quc t,
phn cao nht ca Oligocen (nm trn Rupel,
nm di Aquytan thuc Miocen).
Chautauquan [2643] : Chautauquan (t).
Thng khu vc Bc M, Devon thng
(nm trn Sineca, nm di Bradfordi).
check dam [2644] : p iu ha nc, p
gi nc.
cheilostome [2645] :
Ming mi (Cheilostomata).
ng vt dng Ru hu mn ngoi thuc mt
b c trng bi s c mt mt np y c ng
c y ln l ca c th.
chelicera [2646] : chi km.
Chi ph trc ming ca tt c ng vt
thuc phn ngnh C km (Chelicerata), tng
ng vi anten th hai ng vt V gip, nhng
bin i chm hay cn v gm hai hay ba t
(nh dng Nhn), hoc ba hay bn khp vi
cc khp cui lm thnh ci cng (nh ng
vt Ming t-Merostomata). Sn: chelicerae.
chelicerate [2647] : C km (Chelicerata).
ng vt Chn khp sng trn cn (dng
Nhn) hay di nc (Ming t) thuc mt
phn ngnh c c trng ch yu l c i chi
pha trc ming. Tui: Cambri n ngy nay.
cheliped [2648] : chn km.
Chn ngc V gip mi chn mang km.
chelkarite [2649] : chelkarit.
Khong vt: CaMgB2O4Cl2.7H2O(?).
Chelonia [2650] : Ra.
Mt b thuc phn lp B st khng h thi
dng (Anapsida), c trng bi mt mai cng
do cc xng sn bin i v tm da to thnh.
Bao gm cc loi ra. Tui t Trias n nay.
chemical activity [2651] : tnh hot ha.
chemical composition [2652]:thnh phn ha.
(kv) Thnh phn ha hc ca khong vt.
chemical equylibrium [2653] : cn bng
ha hc.
Ni v s cn bng trong phn ng ha hc
thun nghch. Lng cht bt k c to ra
trong phn ng ny bng ng lng cht s
dng trong phn ng kia, v th nng ca cc
cht tham gia phn ng khng i.
chemical explosives [2654] : cht n ha hc.
chemical limestone [2655] : vi ho hc.
Loi vi c thnh to trc tip t qu
trnh tch t thun ty ho hc hoc t s kt
gn bn vi.
chemical oxygen demand (COD) [2656] :
nhu cu oxy ha hc.
Lng oxy ha tan cn thit oxy ha cc
cht hu c trong mt n v th tch nc thnh
CO2 v H2O. Lng oxy ny tng ng vi
lng dicromat b tiu th bi cc cht hu c
ha tan v l lng trong nc khi mu nc
c x l vi dicromat trong nhiu iu kin
108
xc nh. Tiu chun COD i vi nc ung l
khng vt qu 10mg/l COD cng ln nc
cng cha nhiu cht hu c (nhim bn).
chemical residue [2657] : tn d ha hc.
Hnh thnh do phong ha ha hc ti ch.
chemical rock [2658] : trm tch ha hc.
1- Loi trm tch c thnh phn khong
vt c thnh to trc tip bng s tch t cc
th vn t dung dch hoc keo (nh do bc hi)
hay qu trnh tch t cc vt liu khng tan (nh
s pha trn dung dch ca hai loi mui chng
hn); v d nh thch cao, mui m, phin silit,
tuf. N thng c kin trc kt tinh.
2- Loi trm tch cha di 50% vt liu
mnh vn.
chemical treatment [2659] : x l ha hc.
Cch x l cht thi hay nc cha t tiu
chun v sinh v phng din ha hc loi b
cc cht c hi ti mc t tiu chun an ton
mi trng hay tiu chun s dng vo mt mc
ch nht nh.
chemical unconformity [2660] : khng chnh
hp ha hc.
Khng chnh hp hoc ranh gii a tng
c xc nh bng phn tch ha, nh trng
hp mt h tng vi c phn c s tp trung
tp cht (silicat, magnesi, sulfur) cao hn do s
c mt cc mnh vn nh b ra la v vt liu
hu c.
chemical weathering [2661] : phong ho
ho hc.
Qu trnh phong ho trong cc phn ng
ho hc (thy ho, oxy ho, carbonat ho, trao
i ion, thy phn) lm bin i cc v
khong vt thnh mt hp to ho hc mi vng
bn trong nhng iu kin hin ti hoc gn b
mt Tri t, v d nh qu trnh phong ho ca
ortoclas thnh caolinit, v.v.
n: decomposition; decay.
chemoautotrophic [2662] : sinh sng bng
ha cht.
Ni v cc sinh vt ly thc n t cc phn
ng ha hc ca cc cht v c.
n: chemotrophic.
chemogenic [2663] : ngun ha hc.
Thut ng c dng ch mt loi hoc
khong vt c tch t trc tip t dung dch
khng cn c s can thip ca sinh vt. V d
nh travertin.
chemolithotrophic [2664] : sinh sng bng
cht v c oxy ha.
Cc sinh vt ly thc n t s oxy ha cc
hp cht v c.
chemoorganotrophic [2665] : sinh sng bng
cht hu c oxy ha.
Cc sinh vt ly thc n t s oxy ha cc
cht hu c.
chemotrophic [2666]: sinh sng bng ha
cht. X: chemoautotrophic.
Chemungian [2667] : Chemung (t).
Bc Bc M, Devon thng (nm trn
Fingerlakesi, nm di Cassadaga).
chenevixite [2668] : chenevixit.
Khong vt mu xanh sm n mu vng-
xanh l cy nht: Cu2Fe2(AsO4)2(OH)4H2O(?).
chenier [2669] : i, ni, bi bin c si.
Ni bi bin hp, di c cy ci hoc i g
ct cao t 3m n 6m thnh to gn nh song
song vi ng b bin thoi, cu thnh bi vt
liu ht mn, ph trn than bn hay st; c h
thng khe sui v kh mu m. Ting Php
chne (rng cy si).
cheralite [2670] : cheralit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu xanh l cy:
(Ca,Ce,Th)(P,i)O4, ng cu trc vi monazit v
l loi ch yu ca lot dung dch cng gia Ce
PO4 (monazit) v CaTh(PO4)2.
chernovite [2671] : chernovit.
Khong vt: YAsO4.
chernykhite [2672] : chernykhit.
Mica khi lng thp tm mt, cng thc l
thuyt: (Ba,Na,NH4)1(V+3,Al)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2.
chert [2673] : phin silic, sng.
Loi trm tch n tinh hoc vi tinh rn
chc, nh m hay bn thy tinh, c thnh phn
ch yu l cc tinh th thch anh vi ng knh
di 30 micron xen ci ln nhau, n c th cha
silic v nh hnh (opal), i khi cn cha
nhng tp cht nh calcit, oxid st, tn tch sinh
vt khung xng silic v cc sinh vt khc. Loi
ny c th c mu trng, xm, lc, xanh,
hng, , vng, nu v en, vt v v chai. n:
hornstone; white chert; silexite.
chert arenite [2674] : ct silic.
1- Loi ct thch anh cha trn 25%
silic (chert).
2- Loi ct giu mnh vn , trong cc
mnh vn ch yu l phin silic (chert).
chert nodule [2675] : kt hch silic.
S phn t silic c st, phi cu to, c ranh
gii dng cu, pht trin di dng u bu.
chertification [2676] : silic ha.
Mt kiu silic ho, trong thch anh ht
mn hoc chalcedon c xm nhp vo thnh
phn ca vi.
cherty [2677] : c cha silic.
c cha silic; v d nh vi silic hay
carbonat st cha silic gm c siderit xen lp
cht ch vi phin silic (chert).
109
 chervetite [2678] : chervetit.
Khong vt h n nghing: Pb2V2O7.
chessexite [2679] : chesexit.
Khong vt: (Na,K)4Ca2(Mg,Zn)3Al8(SO4)2
(SO4)10(OH)10.4H2O.
Chesterian [2680] : Chesteri (t).
Thng Bc M, phn trn cng ca
Mississippi (nm trn Merameci, nm di
Morrowa thuc Pensylvania).
chevkinite [2681] : chevkinit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
(Ca,Ce,Th)4(Fe, Mg)2 (Ti, Fe)3 Si4O22, ng
hnh vi perierit.
chevron cross-bedding [2682] : phn lp xin
kiu zigzac.
Chezy equation [2683] : phng trnh Chezy.
Phng trnh tnh vn tc dng chy mt
ng nht. Vn tc dng chy (V) bng h s
Chezy nhn vi cn bc hai bn knh thy lc
(R) nhn vi nghing lng dn (S).
chiastolite [2684] : chiastolit.
Dng m c ca andalusit cha carbonat
nhim bn, mu en. Trong khong vt ny c
mt trc giao vi trc di ca tinh th, to nn
dng ch thp mu en dng lm ba h mnh
v lm trang sc r tin.
n: croso-stone; crucite; macle.
Chickasawhay [2685] : Chickasawhay (t).
Bc Bc M, Oligocen (nm trn
Vicksburgi, nm di Anahuac).
childrenite [2686] : childrenit.
Khong vt h thoi, mu vng nht ti mu
nu sm: (Fe, Mn)AlPO4(OH)2H2O, ng hnh
vi eosphorit.
chilidial plate [2687] : phin khe lng.
on ko di dng phin ca vch khe lng
ca mt s Tay cun, thng to thnh ranh gii
ca mu bn l.
chilidium [2688] : phin che nh khe lng.
Phin hnh tam gic che trn nh ca khe
lng mt s Tay cun thng cong li ra bn
ngoi v ko di v pha bng qu u cui ca
mu bn l.
chill zone [2689] : i ngui lnh.
i ra khi xm nhp magma, c c
trng bng cc ht mn hn phn trung tm,
do ngui lnh nhanh ca magma khi xm nhp
ln pha trn ca v Tri t (nhit , p sut
gim nhanh).
chimney [2690] : ng ni la.
ng dn qua magma t lng t i ln b
mt t.
chimney rock [2691] : ct .
Ct dng ng ni la nh cao hn vng
xung quanh n hoc tch ring bit trn sn
dc ng. Kch thc nh, hnh dng b ngoi
nh mt thp nhn.
china clay [2692]: st gm s, st Trung Quc.
Thut ng thng mi ch kaolin thnh to t
s phong ha st Trung Quc c dng
sn xut s. Cn c vit: china clay.
china clay rock [2693] : st Trung Quc.
Granit kaolin ha cha ch yu l thch anh
v kaolin vi khong vt ph l muscovit,
tuarmalin. d nghin. Cn c vit: China-
clay rock. Ss: China stone.
china stone [2694] : Trung Quc.
granit b kaolin ha tng phn cha thch
anh, kaolin, i khi c mica, fluorit. Cng hn
st Trung Quc v c s dng sn xut
men s. n: petunzyte; petuntse; porcelain.
Thut ng cn c dng ch bn rn
chc cha vt cht hu c hoc vi Anh v
Wales.
chiolite [2695] : chiolit.
Khong vt h bn phng mu trng tuyt:
Na5 Al3 F14.
chip [2696]:mn khoan;mch in t siu nh.
(tc) B no ca my tnh. Cht lng ca
chip c o bng tc thc hin cc php
tnh (Mhz).
chisel [2697] : u mi khoan dng trepa.
chitinozoan [2698] : ng vt v chitin
(Chitinozoa).
Vi sinh vt bin thuc mt nhm tuyt
chng c l thuc ngnh ng vt, ni chung c
hnh bnh tht c tm thy n chic hoc thnh
dy, c tui t Cambri mun n Devon. Chng
c thnh v mng, thng mu en, khng c
cu trc.
chkalovite [2699] : chkalovit.
Khong vt: Na2BeSi2O6.
chloraluminite [2700] : cloraluminit.
Khong vt: AlCl3.6H2O.
chlorapatite [2701] : clorapatit.
1- Khong vt him nhm apatit:
Ca3(PO4)3 Cl.
2- Khong vt apatit, trong clorin chim -
u th hn fluorin v hydroxyl.
chlorargyrite [2702] : chlorargyrit.
Khong vt: AgCl, mu trng, vng nht
hoc xm, ng thc, ti, sm li khi phi ra
nh sng. C trong i phong ha ca m sulfid
bc v l khong vt qung bc.
n: cerargyrite; horn silver.
chlorination [2703] : clo ha (nc).
S cho thm vo nc kh clo hoc l cc
cht t sinh ra acid hypoclor hay hypoclorit
110
 ngn chn s pht trin ca vi khun, oxy
ha cc cht hu c, xc tin qu trnh keo t
hoc kh mi ca nc.
chlorine [2704] : clo (Cl).
Tn Latinh l clorum. Nguyn t ha hc
s 17, nguyn t lng 35,4527; t trng 0,0032
g/cm3; trng thi kh thuc nhm halogen,
khng kim loi nh, atmotphil, lithophil. C 2
ng v n nh v 17 ng v khng n nh.
Hm lng Cl trong cc (theo ppm): trong v
lc a trn l 640; siu mafic l 80; gabro-
basalt l 130; granit-granodiorit l 200; trong
t l 300; trong phin 200; trong ct 10;
trong nc i dng 19.400 mg/l, trong sng
sui l 8 mg/l. Cc khong vt tiu biu l halit,
carnalit, sylvit, sodalit, eudialyt. Phng php
phn tch Cl: XRF, IC, INAA. c s dng
trong cc ngnh ha, giy, may mc, du kh,
nc sch, v.v.
chlorite [2705] : clorit.
1- Nhm khong vt dng tm, h n
nghing, mu xanh nht, cng thc chung:
(Mg,Fe+2,Fe+3)6AlSi4O10(OH)8, c trng
cha nhiu st v khng c calci, kali, nhng c
th c crom v mangan. Clorit phn b rng ri
trong bin cht, l khong vt bin i ca
fesomagne.
2- Nhng khong vt nhm clorit: clinoclor,
peninit, ripidolit, chamosit, thurigit, penantit v
corindonphilit.
chloritic shale [2706] : phin st giu clorit.
Loi phin st phn phin yu c cha cc
ht bt khong vt gc cnh n bn mi trn,
c trng bi hm lng feldspar u tri hn
thch anh v nn ht mn hn thng giu clorit.
Thng i km vi graywacke v th hin s
tch t ca cc mnh vn nh hn t cc i to
ni b bo mn nhanh v c vn chuyn ti
cc vng trm tch b st ln nhanh.
chloritoid [2707] : cloritoit.
Khong vt dng mica: Fe1Al4Si2O10(OH)4
mu xanh sm n xm, xm nht-en, dng
tm trong trm tch st bin cht, quan h vi
mica. Cloritoit c th cha magnesi.
chlormagaluminite [2708] : clormagaluminit.
Khong vt: (Mg,Fe+2)4Al2(OH)12(Cl0,5CO3)2.
2H2O, thuc nhm manaseit.
chlormanganokalite [2709]:: clormangan-
okalit.
Khong vt h thoi, mu vng: K4MnCl6,
ng hnh vi rineit.
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) [2710] :cloro-
fluorocarbon (CFCs).
X: chlorofluoromethanes.
chlorofluoromethanes (CFMs) [2711] :cloro-
fluorometan.
Hp cht ca carbon vi cc halogen (cn
gi l freon). C nhiu loi CFM:CFM11(CFCl3),
CFM12(CF2Cl2) v CFM12 (CF2Cl2) c dng
lm cht thc y trong bnh sol kh.
CFM21(CFHCl2) v CFM22 (CF2HCl) dng lm
cht gy lnh trong cc my lnh, my iu ha
nhit . Khi pht thi vo kh quyn, mt s
trong cc hp cht trn tn ti lu, khuch tn
chm n tng bnh lu. Ti , di tc dng
ca cc tia t ngoi chng phn ly, phng thch
cc nguyn t clo, ph hy tng ozon-l chn
bo v sinh quyn khi b tc ng ca bc x
tia t ngoi t v tr. Do tng ozon b suy thoi
hnh thnh nhng "l thng" cho cc tia t
ngoi chiu n mt t gy tc hi n sc
khe con ngi v sinh vt. V vy c nhng
tha c quc t hn ch, tin ti cm hon ton
vic s dng cc cht CFMs. X: ozone layer.
chloromagnesite [2712] : cloromagnesit.
Khong vt: Mg Cl2.
chlorophaeite [2713] : clorophaeit.
Khong vt quan h cht ch vi clorit v
thnh phn (silicat cha magnesi, st v calci)
trong basalt tholeit, quan h khng gian vi
feldspar v dng gi hnh olivin. Trong phong
ha clorophaeit c mu xanh l cy nht, mu
xanh l cy m, mu nu hoc .
chlorospinel [2714] : clorospinel.
Loi mu xanh c ca spinel trong mt s
loi qung ng.
chlorothionite [2715] : clorothionit.
Khong vt th sinh mu xanh bin sng:
K2Cu(SO4)Cl2.
chlorotile [2716] : clorotil.
Khong vt h thoi, mu xanh l cy, l
arsenat hydrat ca qung ng. Ss: mixite.
chloroxiphite [2717] : cloroxiphit.
Khong vt h n nghing, mu oliu nht
hoc mu xanh h trn: Pb3CuCl2(OH)2O2.
choanocyte [2718] : t bo vng ai.
T bo ni b Bt bin c mt rim cht
nguyn sinh dng vng ai c th co li bao
quanh gc ca lng roi. Cc t bo vng ai ph
ln mt trong ca knh dn v ca xoang
Bt bin.
choanoderm [2719] : mng t bo vng ai.
Mt lp n ca t bo vng ai ca
Bt bin.
choanosome [2720] : lp t bo vng ai.
Lp trong ca Bt bin mang cc xoang ph
t bo vng ai (cc phng c lng roi).
choloalite [2721] : choloalit.
Khong vt: CuPb(TeO3)2.H2O.
choma [2722] : g choma.
111
 Cht lng ng dng g cht v c st vin
dc cc ng hang v Trng l. Sn: chomata.
Chondrichthyes [2723] : C sn.
Mt lp ca ngnh ng vt c xng sng,
bao gm cc loi c c b xng ch yu bng
sn. Chng hn: c mp.
chondrodite [2724] : chondrodit.
Khong vt h n nghing, mu m,
cam hoc vng thuc nhm humit:
(Mg, Fe)5(SiO4)2(OH,F)2, c trong dolomit b
bin cht- tip xc.
chondrophore [2725] : mu chng trong.
Mu nh tng i cao c b mt lm
dy chng trong bm vo, nm gn nh v
Hai mnh.
chondrostei [2726] : C xng sn.
Bao gm cc c xng vy tia nh C tm
ang sng v mt th ca loi ny sng trong
Paleozoi mun.
chone [2727] : knh ht nc.
Knh ht nc vo i xuyn qua lp v ca
Bt bin, thng i t xoang trc n bn
di v.
chonetid [2728] : Chonetidina.
Mt phn b Tay cun c khp c trng bi
mt l chc nng nm bn ngoi khe delta.
Tui: Silur sm - Jura sm.
chorate cyst [2729] : to nang c gai.
To n bo c bao li trong nang c gai,
nht l mt nang trng roi (Dinoflagellata) c
ng, t nhiu ging v hnh thi vi vch
chuyn ng.
Chordata [2730] : C dy sng.
Mt ngnh ng vt c trng bi c mt
dy sng mt giai on no trong chu trnh
sng. phn ln taxon, trong giai on trng
thnh dy sng b bao li hoc b thay th bng
ct xng hay ct sn. Ngnh ny c coi l c
th bao gm hoc khng bao gm cc ng vt
Tin dy sng (Protochordata).
choristid [2731] : Bt bin c gai bn tia;
Choristida.
Loi Bt bin c b xng gm cc gai ln
c bn tia v khng c gai lin kt dng li;
Bt bin thuc b Choristida c gai c trng
nh m t trn.
C horizon [2732] : tng C.
Tng th nhng nm di tng A v tng B,
hoc di tng A, c c trng bi cc vt
cht cha gn kt v t b nh hng ca cc qu
trnh thnh to t.
chromate [2733] : cromat.
Khong vt cha cromat ion CrO4-2 nh ,
cromat kali: K2CrO4.Ss: sulfate.
chromatite [2734] : cromatit.
Khong vt mu vng v chanh: CaCrO4.
chromdravite [2735] : cromdravit.
Khong vt trong nhm turmalin:
Na Mg3Cr6B3Si6O27(OH)4.
chrome diopside [2736] : crome diopsid.
Loi mu xanh sng ca diopsid, cha hm
lng nh Cr2O3.
chrome ocher [2737] : st giu crom.
Loi st giu st-crom, c bit l loi st
mu lc sng cha 2-10,5% Cr2O3.
chromite [2738] : cromit.
1- Khong vt mu nu sm n en-st ca
nhm spinel: (Fe, Mg) (Cr, Al)2 O4, c dng tinh
th khi tm mt lng tr, l khong vt ph
trong magma basic v siu basic, trong
trm tch mnh vn. Cromit ng hnh vi
magnesiocromit, v l khong vt qung quan
trng ca crom. n: chrome iron ore.
2- Thut ng dng ch lot khong vt ng
hnh ca nhm spinel cha magnesiocromit
v cromit.
chromium [2739] : crom (Cr).
Nguyn t ha hc s 24, nguyn t lng
51, 9961; t trng 7,19 g/cm3. Trng thi rn,
nhm kim loi nng, lithophil. C 4 ng v bn
v 17 ng v khng bn. Hm lng Cr trong
cc (theo ppm): trong v lc a trn l 35;
siu mafic l 2300; gabro-basalt l 250;
granit-granodiorit l 10; trong t l 80; trong
phin 100; trong nc i dng 0,0003
mg/l, trong sng sui l 0,0007 mg/l. Phng
php phn tch Cr: XRF, ICP-AES, ICP- MS.
c s dng trong cc ngnh thp khng r,
hp kim, xc tc, gch chu la, bng t, v.v. Cr
cn c dng ch khong vt l ra trong i
tip xc gia siu mafic v hoa.
chron [2740] : thi, thi gian.
Thi l n v a nin i tng ng vi thi
i ca thi a tng; mt s nh nghin cu
s dng thi nh mt phn v thi gian a
cht chung.
chronocorrelation [2741] : i snh nin i.
Th hin s tng ng v tui v v tr thi
a tng gia cc phn v a cht.
Ss: biocorrelation; lithocorrelation.
n: time correlation.
chronofauna [2742] : h thi ng vt.
Mt phc h t nhin phn b gii hn v
mt a l ca cc qun th ng vt tc ng
ln nhau, c thnh phn c bn khng bin i
trong mt khong thi gian nht nh.
chronohorizon [2743] : thi tng, tng nin i.
B mt hoc mt phn cch a tng c tui
ging nhau mi v tr to nn bng chng thi
112
gian v tng i snh nin i quan trng. Ss:
datum level. n: chronostratigraphic horizon.
chronolithologic unit [2744] : phn v nin
i thch hc, phn v thch nin i, phn v
thi a tng.
X: chronostratigraphic unit.
chronostratic unit [2745] : phn v thi
a tng.
X: chronostratigraphic unit.
chronostratigraphic classification [2746] :
phn loi thi a tng.
S h thng cc lp ca v Tri t thnh
cc phn v theo tui hoc thi gian hnh thnh
ca chng.
chronostratigraphic horizon [2747] : tng
nin i a tng, tng thi a tng, thi tng.
X: chronohorizon.
chronostratigraphic unit [2748] : phn v
thi a tng, phn v nin i a tng.
L th a cht gm cc c thnh to
trong mt thi gian a cht nht nh ca lch
s hnh thnh Tri t. Bn cht cc phn v thi
a tng l da trn tiu chun v thi gian
thnh to phn v m khng cn c vo thnh
phn v b dy ca n cc khu vc khc
nhau. Do phn v thi a tng c gii hn
trn v di bng cc b mt ranh gii ng
thi.
chronostratigraphic zone [2749] : thi i,
i thi a tng, i nin i a tng.
X: chronozone.
chronostratigraphy [2750] : thi a tng
hc, nin i a tng hc.
Mt nhnh ca a tng hc nghin cu tui
ca cc lp hay mi quan h thi gian ca
chng.
chronozone [2751] : thi i, i.
Phn v tng ng vi thi ca a thi (a
nin i), l phn v cp thp nht ca thi a
tng, bao gm nhng lp thnh to trong thi
gian tn ti v pht trin mt s kin a cht
nht nh. Thi i l mt n v ng thi,
nhng thc t thi i thng c xc lp da
vo mt loi hay nhm sinh vt c trng (khi
thi i mang tn taxon i din cho nhm,
loi , v d thi i Exus albus) hoc mt hin
tng a cht mang tnh ph bin trn th gii
(v d: thi i phun tro Sao Tm, v.v.).
chrysoberyl [2752] : crysoberyl.
1- Khong vt: BeAl2O4, thng c mu
vng, xanh l cy nht hoc nu, cha lng nh
st v c s dng lm qy (loi mt mo
v alexandrit).
n: chrysopal; gold beryl; symophan.
2- Thut ng c ca heliodor.
chrysocolla [2753] : crysocola.
1- Khong vt mu xanh bin, xanh l cy,
xanh emrt: (Cu2H2)(Si2O5)(OH)4, thng n
tinh hoc kt tinh, dng khm hoc lp mng
trong i phong ha ca qung ng. Trc y
thnh phn ha hc ca crysocola l:
CuSiO32H2O.
2- Tn c dng cho tinh th hoc nhng
khong vt nh crysocola, borax v malachit
trong m vng.
chrysolite [2754] : crysolit.
1- Loi olivin mu xanh-vng nht, nht
hoc nu nht, c t l magnesi so vi magnesi +
st nm gia 0,90 v 0,70 hoc trong Fe2SiO2
bng 10-30% mole.
2- Thut ng p dng nhiu nht cho topaz,
prchnit v apatit. Khng c nhm vi crysotil.
chrysophyric [2755] : crysophyrit.
Mt loi basalt c cc ban tinh olivin
(Thrush, 1968).
chrysotile [2756] : crysotil.
Khong vt mu trng, xm hoc xanh l cy
nht, thuc nhm serpentin: Mg3Si2O5(OH)4,
dng si ng nh v l loi khong vt quan
trng ca asbet. Khng nhm vi crysolit.
n: serpentine asbet; clinocrysotile.
chthonic [2757] : vn bin su.
Thut ng dng ch cc trm tch bin
su v cc mnh vn c ngun gc t cc
c trc.
chudobaite [2758] : chudobait.
Khong vt:
(Na,K,Ca)(Mg,Zn,Mn)2H(AsO4)2.4H2O.
chukhrovite [2759] : chukhrovit.
Khong vt:
Ca3(Y,Ce) Al2(SO4)F13.10H2O.
chunam [2760] : chunam, lp b tng, va bo
v b mt.
Lp va trt bo v b mt mi dc ct,
ngn khng cho nc ngm vo mi dc. Bin
php ny rt c hiu qu nu kt hp thot nc
tt tiu gim p lc nc l rng.
churchite [2761] : churchit.
Khong vt h n nghing: YPO4.2H2O.
n: weinshenkite.
churn drill [2762] : khoan p cp.
chursinite [2763] : chursinit.
Khong vt: (Hg2)3(AsO4)3.
chute [2764] : thc nc, ghnh; li vo
hang ng.
n: waterfall, rapids.
chute cutoff [2765] : mng t on.
Li ngang qua hp v ngn khc un ca
113
sng, hnh thnh trong thi gian l lt khi dng
chy chnh ca sng ngc vo sn ca khc
un, dc theo hoc qua ho gia hai phn lin
k ca bi chn. n: chute.
cicatrix [2766] : so, vt bm c.
Da gai, l mt vt hn ch v tr trc
ca ct chng b tiu i; v Nautiloidea l
mt vt bm nh v; v Hai mnh l vt
bm ca c khp.
ciliate [2767] : Trng lng t (Ciliata).
ng vt nguyn sinh thuc mt lp c
trng bi s c mt cc lng t trong sut chu
k sng ca chng. Tui: Jura mun (hin bit)
n nay.
cilifer [2768] : kiu mc tay li lim.
Ni v mt kiu mang mc tay ca g mc
Tay cun, thng dp mt khp lm cho phin
bn l ngang ko di, sau quay sang song
song vi mt i xng, do hi cong li lim.
cilium [2769] : lng t, lng rung.
Loi lng ngn trn b mt thn, c th
rung dng nhp vi chc nng l c quan vn
ng nhng sinh vt n bo tri ni v mt
s dng a bo nh.
ciminite [2770] : ciminit.
Trachydolerit gm olivin, pyroxen n
nghing v labradorit vi cc rim feldspar kim
trong nn trachyt. Wahsington, 1896 t tn
theo tn vng Monte Cimino, Italia.
cimolite [2771] : cimolit.
Khong vt alumo-silicat ngm nc, mu
trng, xm nht hoc nht, dng khi xp,
ging st.
Cincinnatian [2772] : Cincinat (t).
Thng khu vc Bc M, Ordovic thng
(nm trn Champlain, nm di Alexandri
thuc Silur).
cinder agglomerate [2773] : aglomerat x.
Tp hp vt liu ni la xp, c l hng, l
kt qu ca lava cha nhiu bt kh ngui lnh
nhanh khi bn vo khng kh.
cinder cone [2774] : nn x, nn tro ni la.
i hnh nn, hnh thnh do tch t ca cc
x v cc mnh vn khc c thnh phn ca
basalt hoc andesit. dc ca sn ph thuc
vo th ca vt liu, cao ca ni phun
tro, tc gi v cc yu t khc nhng thng
ln hn 10o.
cinerite [2775] : tch t ca cc x ni la.
cinnabar [2776] : thn sa.
Khong vt khi mt thoi: HgS l khong vt
qung tiu biu, quan trng ca thy ngn. Thn
sa c dng tinh th hnh kim mu , long lanh
hoc dng khi mu , nu nht hoc xm
trong cc mch hoc aluvi. n: cinabarite,
vermilion.
cipolin [2777] : cm thch; cipolin.
1- Loi cm thch giu silic c cha cc
lp mica.
2- nc Php dng thut ng ny ch
cc loi vi kt tinh.
CIPW classification [2778] : phn loi CIPW.
H thng phn loi v tn gi ca magma
trn c s khong vt tiu chun do cc nh
nghin cu xc lp.
CIPW norm [2779] : tiu chun CIPW.
, hm lng khong vt th hin phn
trm trng lng ca n v tt c khong vt
khng cha nc, c thnh phn n gin.
circlet [2780] : vng phin di.
Mt dy cc phin to nn mt vng bao ly
ton b hay mt phn vch v ca Da gai.
circular arc analysis [2781] :
Phn tch cung trt trn trong bi ton n
nh mi dc.
circular excavation [2782] : o hm l tit
din trn.
circular failure [2783] : ph hy dng
cung trn.
circular footing [2784] : mng trn.
circular hole [2785] : h trn chu ng sut
dc trc.
circular normal distribution [2786] : phn
phi chun vng trn.
L mt phn phi tn sut ca mt bin theo
cc tng ng vi phn phi chun Descartes.
circular section [2787] : tit din trn.
Tit din nm ngang thng gc vi trc
quang trong tinh th mt trc. Mt trong hai tit
din giao nhau theo trc beta trong tinh th hai
trc. Tit din trn thng gc vi cc trc quang
ca quang sut th.
circulating fluid [2788] : dung dch khoan.
Dung dch s dng trong khoan a cc
vn t ln mt t v gi cho thnh h
khoan khi b sp. n: drilling mud.
circum Pacific belt [2789] : ai quanh Thi
Bnh Dng.
ai vng cung ln vin quanh b Thi Bnh
Dng theo ra lc a chu , chu M.
circumdenudation [2790] : bc mn ,
xung quanh.
S bc mn hoc s xm thc lm cho mt
t ch cn li mt vi ch v dng ng. V d
s bc mn t b ri xung quanh bn vng.
circumdenudation mountain [2791] : ni bc
mn.
circumerosion [2792] : xm thc vng trn.
114
 X: circumdenudation.
circumferential displacement [2793] :
chuyn v chu vi.
Chuyn v bao quanh. Chuyn v dc theo
chu vi ca hm l c tit din trn.
circumoceanic basalt [2794] : basalt quanh
i ng.
Basalt sinh thnh do hot ng ni la ra
ca cc bn trng i dng.
circumvallation [2795] :
Qu trnh nh ni c thnh to bng
cch sng sui khot su vo vch to nn ng
bng khng in hnh.
cirque [2796] : i vng, bn nguyt.
Thut ng dng ch cc hang ng hnh
bn nguyt, hnh ai vng, hnh gh bnh
vng ni vi, hoc h trng do trt t ln
xung.
cirque lake [2797] : h i vng.
H sng bng nh, su hnh trn chim c
i vng. N c b sung nc t cc sn bao
quanh v b chn l gc hay bng tch nh.
cirral [2798] : tay cun, t tay cun.
Thuc mt tay cun; mt t hay phin ca
mt tay cun Hu bin.
cirriped [2799] : Chn ru (Cirripedia).
ng vt V gip bin thuc mt lp c
trng ch yu bi s bm thng xuyn trong
giai on trng thnh vo mt bm. Tui:
Silur mun n ngy nay.
cirrus [2800] : tay cun, tay bt mi.
ng vt Da gai, l chi ph c t dng r
linh ng nh vo cnh thn ca mt Hu bin,
gm nhng phin nh c khp, hay t; V
gip Chn ru l chi ph ngc c nhiu t c
chc nng bt mi. Sn: cirri.
cistern [2801] : bn, b.
Bn, b nhn to cha nc; Bn t nhin
cha nc.
citrine [2802] : thch anh mu vng.
Loi thch anh kt tinh, trong, bn trong,
mu vng n mu nu-cam, ging topaz v
mu. Thch anh mu vng c th l sn phm
ca thch anh tm b nung nng.
clade [2803] : nhnh gai ni.
Nhnh u mt gai tia ca ng vt
nguyn sinh c roi (Ebridia) c th ni vi gai
tia gip k.
cladism [2804] : phn loi hc huyt thng.
Phng php trong phn loi hc theo mi
quan h t tin-con chu gia cc taxon c
phn tch mt cch cht ch tnh cht c chung
ngun gc, t a ra tiu chun duy nht
nh ngha mt taxon.
cladoceran [2805] : Cladocera.
ng vt V gip thuc mt b c c trng
l c mt mai n gp li dc sng lng lm cho
c v c hai mnh; chng thng sng trong
mi trng nc ngt, nc l sau bng h.
Tui: Oligocen n ngy nay.
cladogram [2806] : biu cy huyt thng.
Biu ch mi quan h phn loi trong mt
nhm sinh vt da trn quan h huyt thng suy
lun ra. n: phylogenetic tree.
cladome [2807] : tp hp nhnh gai.
Nhm cc nhnh ging nhau ca cc gai hai
nhnh, gai ba nhnh hoc gai bn nhnh
Bt bin.
Cladoselachii [2808] : C mp nguyn thy.
Mt b ca C mang phin bin c thn
hnh thoi, gc vy rng v ming tn cng,
gm cc c mp thc th c nht. Tui Devon
gia n Carbon (sm).
cladus [2809] : nhnh gai xng.
Nhnh ca mt gai xng phn nhnh Bt
bin. Sn: cladi.
Claibornian [2810] : Claiborni (t).
Bc Bc M, Eocen (nm trn Wilcoxi nm
di Jackson).
claim [2811] : yu sch, quyn khai thc m
(Hoa K, Australia).
claimholder [2812] : ngi c quyn khai
thc m.
Clairendonian [2813] : Clairendon (t).
Bc Bc M, Miocen trung (nm trn,
Barstovi, nm di Hemphili).
claraite [2814] : clarait.
Khong vt: (Cu,Zn)3CO3(OH)4. 4H2O.
clarifying basin [2815]: b lng, b lm trong.
claringbullite [2816] : claringbulit.
Khong vt h su phng:
Cu4Cl(OH)7.nH2O. Nhng thng s mng
ca n quan h vi conelit v butgenbachit.
Clark content [2817] : tr s Clark.
Tr s Clark ca nguyn t l gi tr hm
lng trung bnh ca nguyn t trong mt h
a ha nht nh, v d: Tri t, v Tri t...
Thng thng gi tr hm lng trung bnh ca
nguyn t trong ton b v Tri t c xem l
s Clark.
clarkeite [2818] : clarkeit.
Khong vt mu nu m hoc nu - nht:
(Na,Ca,Pb)2U2(O,OH)7.
Clarkforkian [2819] : Clarkforki.
Bc Bc M, Paleocen thng (nm trn
Tiffan, nm di Wasatchi).
clasolite [2820] : vn.
Loi , trong thnh phn c cha nhng
115
mnh vn ca cc khc.
clasper [2821] : chi bm, chi giao phi.
Chi ph V gip c bin i bm vo
nhau khi giao phi; mt phn t vy bng ca
nhiu c mp c bin i giao phi.
class [2822] : loi, hng, lp; phn hng,
xp lp.
classification [2823] : phn loi.
H thng ha nhm i tng ging nhau
trong mt h thng.
classification of soils [2824] : phn loi t.
Trong xy dng t, cui, si v ct c
phn loi theo kch thc ht, t st c phn
loi theo ch s do v khng th phn tch bng
ry hoc phng php t trng k.
clast [2825] : mnh vn.
1- Mt thnh phn ring bit nh ht vn
khong vt, hoc mnh ca mt trm tch hay
hnh thnh t qu trnh phong ho c hc ca
mt khi ln hn.
2- Vn ni la.
3- Vn sinh vt.
clast support [2826] : gn kt mnh.
Loi kin trc trm tch trong cc ht kch
thc ln c tip xc vi nhau.
clastation [2827] : vn ha, to vn.
1- S v vn khi ti ch do cc qu trnh
l ho.
2- S v vn ca hnh thnh cc trm
tch mnh vn.
clastic [2828] : mnh vn, vn, vn ngoi sinh;
vn sinh vt.
Thut ng c s dng ch loi hoc
trm tch c thnh phn ch yu l cc mnh v
vn t cc hoc khong vt c vn
chuyn khi ni gc hnh thnh nhng mnh
vn . ng thi cng ch kin trc ca cc
loi .
clastic breccia [2829] : dm kt.
Loi dm kt c thnh to t qu trnh
bo mn.
clastic deformation [2830]: bin dng gy v.
Mt dng bin dng do nhit dn n s gy
v ca t , lm bn ra cc ht khong vt v
mnh vn t . Trong trng hp ti hn, t
c th hon ton b nghin vn trc khi b
phun ra ngoi. Ss: plastic deformation.
clastic dike [2831] : ai vt liu vn.
Loi dike trm tch cha cc vt liu mnh
vn c ngun gc t cc lp nm trn hoc nm
di.
clastic ratio [2832] : t l mnh vn.
T l chiu dy hoc hm lng vt liu vn
(cui kt, ct kt, phin st) i vi vt liu phi
mnh vn ( vi, dolomit, do bc hi) trong
mt mt ct a tng. n: detrital ratio.
clastic rock [2833] : mnh vn.
Loi trm tch c thnh phn ch yu l
cc mnh v vn t cc c hn (ngun gc
bt k) hay t cc sn phm rn trong qu trnh
phong ho ho hc ca cc v c vn
chuyn c hc ti v tr tch t. V d loi ct
kt, cui kt, phin st hoc vi cha cc ht
vn c ngun gc t vi c hn.
n: fragmental rock.
clastic sediment [2834] : trm tch mnh vn.
Loi trm tch c hnh thnh do s tch t
ca cc mnh vn c ngun gc t cc khong
vt hoc c hn v c tc nhn c hc
thun tu (nh nc, gi, bng h, trng lc)
vn chuyn di dng nhng ht ri rc ti ni
tch t ca chng. n: mechanical sediment.
clastichnic [2835] : vn dolomit.
Thut ng ch loi dolomit trong kin
trc mnh vn nguyn thy ca vi vn c
bo tn.
clasticity [2836]: cp mnh vn; mnh vn.
1- Hin trng hoc mnh vn.
2- Cp ht r rng nht trong mt loi trm
tch hay trm tch.
clastizoic [2837] : vn sinh vt.
Thut ng ch loi cha cc tn tch ng
vt ch yu di dng mnh vn gc cnh, c
bit l loi vi vn sinh vt thng cha ton
b vi ho thch.
clastizoichnic [2838] : Thut ng ch loi
cha cc tn tch ng vt ch yu di dng
mnh vn gc cnh, c bit l loi vi vn
sinh vt thng cha ton b vi ho thch.
Loi dolomit hoc vi ti kt tinh c
cha nhng du vt clastizoic nguyn thu.
clathrate wall [2839] : thnh v dng
mt li.
Thnh v Chn c trong cc thanh thng
ng hay thanh dc kt vo cc vng nm xin,
v cc vng ny li bm vo ra ngoi ca
vch ngn.
clausthalite [2840] : clausthalit.
Khong vt: PbSe, ging galen v din mo.
clavate [2841] : dng try.
Gm cc mu li vi u phnh ln rt mnh
v ranh gii gia chng vi phn gc khng r
rng. u mu li ln hn phn gc, chiu cao
ca chng ln hn tit din ngang.
clavicle [2842] : mu n, xng n.
G hoc mu bn trong v c tc dng
mu chng trong mt s Hai mnh; xng n
lp C xng v cc ng vt bn chn.
clavidisc [2843] : gai a thng.
116
 Gai xng Bt bin c hnh a bu dc
thng chnh gia.
clavula [2844] : gai lng t.
Gai lng nh trn di lng t ng vt Da
gai. Sn: clavulae.
clavule [2845] : gai u mc.
Gai mt nhnh Bt bin m u c s bt
cho trc phng ln, hoc mang mt vng
nhng rng cong li.
clavus [2846] : mu dc.
Mu ko di theo chiu dc vng cun v
dng Cc .
clay [2847] : st.
1- Loi mnh vn hoc khong vt, hay
ht vn c kch thc di 1/256mm (4 micron).
Cp ht ny gn vi ranh gii trn ca cp ht
dng keo.
2- Loi trm tch dng t, ht cc mn c
thnh phn ch yu l cc ht c st hoc keo v
c trng bi do cao. Thnh phn c bn l
cc khong vt st, mt lng nh thch anh ht
mn, feldspar b phong ho, carbonat, vt cht
st v cc tp cht khc. Mt s loi st khng
c do. St phi cha trn 50% cc ht c st,
v khong vt st phi chim ti thiu 1/4 thnh
phn. Trm tch st c phn loi theo lnh vc
s dng, theo ngun gc, theo thnh phn
khong vt v mu sc.
clay band [2848] : di st.
Lp st mu sng trong loi st giu st.
clay colloid [2849] : keo st.
1- Ht st c ng knh di 1 micron
(0,001mm).
2- Vt cht keo c cha cc ht kch thc
c st.
clay compacted [2850] : t st m ln.
clay fraction [2851] : phn ht st.
T l phn trm ht st (<0.002mm) trong
mu t.
clay gouge [2852] : st mch.
1- Loi trm tch st c mt trong i t
gy.
2- Lp st mng phn tch khi qung, hoc
phn tch qung vi m.
clay ironstone [2853] : qung st cha st.
Loi trm tch ht mn cng chc, mu
nu hoc xm sm thnh phn gm st (ti
30%) v carbonat st (siderit), xut hin di
dng cc lp kt hch hoc cc lp mng lin
tc, v thng i cng vi cc lp carbonat.
clay layers [2854] : lp st.
clay loam [2855] : lp st.
Loi t c cha 27-40% st, 20-45% ct,
cn li l bt.
clay marl [2856] : marl giu st.
Loi st cha phn mu pht trng; loi st
vi trong thnh phn st u tri.
clay mineral [2857] : khong vt st.
1- Mt trong phc hp v nhm khong vt
c tnh cht khng cht ch ca silicat ngm
nc, kt tinh hon chnh hoc tha hnh, c cha
alumin (v thnh thong c magnesi v st).
Nhng khong vt ny c tinh th dng tm h
n nghing loi hai hoc ba lp, trong silic
v alumin v tr khi t din quan h vi
oxygen v trong alumin, st, magnesi, crom,
lithi, mangan v nhng ion khc v tr khi
tm mt quan h vi oxygen hoc hydroxid,
y c s bin i cation (thng l calci v
natri, thnh thong l kali, magnesi, hydrogen v
alumin) trn b mt ca lp silicat. Khong vt
st hnh thnh ch yu do bin i hoc phong
ha ca khong vt silicat nguyn sinh nh
feldspar, pyroxen v amphibol trong cc m st,
trong th nhng, phin st, i bin i ca
m qung v nhng khc. Khong vt st ph
bin nht l kaolinit, montmorilonit v nhm
ilit. n: clay hydrosialite; sialite.
2- Vt cht st kt tinh trong t th nhng
hoc trong trm tch.
clay plug [2858] : lp y st.
Mt khi bt, st v tp cht hu c c
tch t v cui cng c th bi lp mt loi h
hnh mng nga.
clay pocket [2859] : l hng st.
L hng c lp y trong ; mt khi st
c mt trong hoc cui.
clay puddle [2860] : b tng t st, t
st ngo.
t st trn vi nc, i khi c vi ct
trng thi m a vo mng lp cch nc
phn mng ngn khng cho nc thm qua.
clay rock [2861] : st.
Loi st kt gn, c thnh phn l vt liu
vn st ch yu t s phn hy ca feldspar, vi
cng chc n mc phi qua nghin mi c
th s dng c, nhng li khng b phong ho
ho hc v bin cht.
clay sand [2862] : ct, ct st.
clay seal [2863] : lp chn, m bng st.
Dng trong chng thm bng t st.
clay shale [2864] : phin st.
1- Loi trm tch gn kt cha khng qu
10% ct v c t l bt/st di 1/2 (Folk,
1954); loi st phn phin.
2- Loi phin c thnh phn ch yu l
vt cht cha st v khi phong ho s thnh st.
clay size [2865] : kch thc ht st, c st.
Thut ng s dng trong nghin cu trm
117
tch lun ch mt khi nh hn mt hnh trn
c ng knh 1/256 mm.
clay soil [2866] : t st.
Mt loi t gm phn ln l nhng ht nh
v cht dnh kt, do v dnh khi t, kt thnh
khi cc, rn chc khi kh. C th l t cha
40% (hoc hn) thnh phn st v khng qu
45% ct hoc 40% bt ph sa. Thut ng ny
cng c dng ch loi t c cha 30% (hoc
hn) thnh phn st. n: clay.
clayey breccia [2867] : dm kt cha st.
Loi dm kt cha ti thiu 80% mnh vn
v 10% st.
clayey sand [2868] : ct giu st.
1- Loi trm tch b ri cha 50-90% ct v
c t l bt/st di 1/2.
2- Loi ct b ri cha 40-75% ct, 12,5-
50% st v 0-20% bt.
clayey sandstone [2869] : ct kt giu st.
Loi ct kt cha trn 20% st.
clayey silt [2870] : bt giu st.
1- Loi trm tch b ri cha 40-75% bt,
12,5-50% st v 0-20% ct.
2- Loi trm tch b ri trong cc ht c
bt nhiu hn cc ht c st, trn 10% st, v
di 10% cc ht c kch thc ln hn.
claying bar [2871] : mch st.
claypan [2872] : ao t st kh.
Thut ng c s dng Australia ch
h trng nng cha trm tch st v bn b mt,
c Mt tri t nng do tr nn cng.
Hoc h thp sa mc to thnh do gi v
c nc.
claystone [2873] : st.
1- Loi bn kt c st trong thnh phn
st chim u th so vi thnh phn bt.
2- Loi trm tch gn kt yu trong cc
ht c kch thc di 0,01 mm (Flawn, 1953).
n: clay rock.
clean [2874] : khong vt tinh khit.
1- Thut ng ni v kim cng hoc qy
khc c lm sch nhng vt bn bn
trong chng.
2- Thut ng ni v khong vt c lm
sch nhng vt liu gy bn hoc khng c gi
tr bm vo khong vt .
clean bailer out [2875] : my ht ra.
Dng ra l khoan.
clean sandstone [2876] : ct kt tinh sch.
Loi ct kt sch cha t thnh phn nn; c
bit l loi ct kt cha di 10% nn st, hoc
l loi ortoquartzit vi di 15% nn st. Cc
ht c gn kt vi nhau bng xi mng khong.
cleaning of ore [2877] : lm giu qung.
cleavage [2878] : ct khai.
Ct khai ca khong vt dc theo mt kt
tinh ca n, phn nh cu trc ca tinh th. Tn
loi ct khai trng vi tn cu trc, nh ct khai
lng tr. Ss: fracture, parting.
cleavage joint [2879] : khe nt th ch.
Th ch thng hnh thnh do bin dng
trong qu trnh bin cht, c c trng bi cc
khong vt gn song song vi nhau, ti kt tinh
theo hng gn vung gc vi ng sut nn p
cc i. C th c mt hoc vi hng th ch
nu bin cht xy ra trong nhiu giai on. Th
ch thng xin cho so vi mt phn lp v c
mi quan h ng nht vi b mt ca trc un
np. Mt th ch thng rt dy song gn kt
rt cht. Do vy, ch mt s l khe nt v c th
tr thnh mt gim yu. V th ngi ta thng
ch xc nh hng ca cc khe nt th ch ch
t khi o v mt hoc tnh lin tc ca chng.
cleavelandite [2880] : cleavelandit.
Loi albit mu trng, dng tm, c thnh
phn Ab sch v thng l tp hp dng qut
ca nhng tinh th hnh tm, pht trin cu trc
men rn. Cleavelandit l khong vt c thnh
to giai on mun ca pegmatit.
cleft [2881] : khe nt, vt.
1- S ph hy, vt nt, vt ct hoc bt k vt
nhn no trn mt nh b mt lm chm, du
vt do sng khot vo mm , sng ni di
y i dng, vt ct sn ming ni la, st
trn hang ng.
2- (cs) ng nt do cng ra to thnh khi
mnh v tng trng hai bn v, ng trc
hoc sau nh mt s Thn mm V chy
(Rostroconchia).
cleme [2882] : gai n tia c nhnh.
Gai n tia di Bt bin Hexatinellida c
cc gai bn xen k nhau xp thnh hai dy
i din.
cliachite [2883] : cliachit.
1- Loi bauxit cha st.
2- Tn nhm hydroxid nhm dng keo cu
thnh bauxit. n: alumogel.
cliff [2884] : vch, sn, cnh.
1- Vch , mm nh ra bin.
2- B mt rt dc ng hoc treo. Chng
thng thnh to do s xm thc, rt t khi do
hot ng t gy.
3- Thut ng ca Anh, ch sn i, sn
ni dc hoc dc, nghing.
cliff erosion [2885] : xm thc vch.
X: sapping.
cliffline [2886] : ng vch.
ng b bin trn b dc, c th hin
nh mt ng tng tng i qua y ca
118
mm .
cliffordite [2887] : clifordit.
Khong vt: UTe3O8.
clift [2888] : khe nt, vt.
1- T c ca cleft.
2- Ting a phng ca cleft.
climate [2889] : kh hu.
c im thi tit ca mt vng c bit l
nhit v lng ma trung bnh trong qung
khong thi gian di.
climate classification [2890]: phn loi kh hu.
Sp xp m t cc loi kh hu khc nhau da
trn cc yu t c bit nh nhit , lng
ma, thc vt hoc v tr tng i t lin.
climate stratigraphic unit [2891] : phn v
kh hu - a tng.
Thut ng c U ban Danh php a tng
Hoa K (1959) s dng cho mt khong thi
gian m hin nay c hiu nh l phn v a
cht-kh hu. Cc phn v kh hu a tng dng
phn chia cc trm tch c thnh to trong
nhng iu kin c bit ca s bin i kh hu
trong lch s a cht, c bit l cc trm tch
t v Neogen.
climatic amelioration [2892] : ci thin
kh hu.
Thut ng ch s chuyn i sang kh hu
m, p dng ring cho s thay i kh hu ca
thi bng h mun v Holocen.
climatic terrace [2893] : thm kh hu.
S thnh to thm sng c khng ch bng
s thay i ca kh hu, dn n s gim vt
liu bi tch hoc h thp b mt.
climax [2894] : cc nh, cao im.
Trong sinh thi hc, y l pha pht trin n
nh cui cng hoc pha pht trin thng bng
cui cng m mt h din th mt qun x, mt
loi, mt h thc vt hoc h ng vt t c
trong mt mi trng nht nh. Cc cc nh
th gii ch yu tng ng vi cc qun h (sinh
thi) v cc qun x sinh vt.
climax community [2895] : qun x cao nh.
Phc h cc loi i din cho cc sinh vt c
tr di hn c nh mt khu vc trong mt
din th sinh thi hoc theo chui; bnh thng
n c ni tip bi mt hay vi phc h sng
ngn hn m cc hot ng sng ca chng
nhm sa son ni .
climbingbog [2896]: m ly b trn (ca ru).
Khu vc m ly dng cao rim, c trng
vng c ma ng k, ma h ngn; c hnh
thnh do ru pht trin mnh qu mc bnh
thng ln ti b mt m ly.
climbing dune [2897]: n ct b, cn ct leo.
Cn ct, n ct c hnh thnh do gi lp
y ct mm vch i din hoc sn ni.
climograph [2898] : th kh hu.
th biu th cc s liu kh hu nh gi tr
trung bnh thng ca nhit v lng ma.
clinker [2899] : clinker.
Sn phm ca cc ni la dng mnh x x,
rng ca hoc mnh vn dm kt t sinh ging
nh clinker hoc x l cao.
clino [2900] : nghing.
Thut ng ch mi trng trm tch nm
mt phn sn ca y i dng, ko di t
chn sng xung mc thp hn. Thut ng c
th ng mt mnh ng vai tr tnh t n hay
tnh t ghp. X: clinoform.
clinoaugite [2901] : clinoaugit.
X: clinopyroxene.
clinoaxis [2902] : trc nghing.
Trong tinh th h n nghing, trc bn
nghing so vi trc thng ng.
clinobarrandite [2903] : clinobarandit.
Loi khong vt phosphosiderit cha alumin.
clinobisvanite [2904] : clinobisvanit.
Khong vt h n nghing: BiVO4, lng
hnh vi pucherit.
clinobronzite [2905] : clinobronzit.
Loi khong vt clinoenstatit cha st,
clinopyroxen c thnh phn gia clinoenstatit v
clinohypersthen, t hn 20% mole FeSiO3.
clinochalcomenite [2906] : clinochalcomenit.
Khong vt: CuSeO3.2H2O ng cu trc vi
ahlfeldit v cobaltomenit.
clinochlore [2907] : clinoclor.
Khong vt khi tm mt ba nhm clorit,
trong Mg l cation ha tr hai chim u th
trong khi tm mt. Ss: ripidolite.
clinochrysotile [2908] : clinocrysotil.
Thut ng dng ch khong vt h n
nghing. Ss: orthochrysotile. n: chrysotile.
clinoclase [2909] : clinoclas.
Khong vt mu xanh l cy sm:
Cu3(AsO4)(OH)3. n: clinoclasite.
clinoenstatite [2910] : clinoenstatit.
Khong vt nhm clinopyroxen:
(Mg,Fe)SiO3. c trng l silicat magnesi h
n nghing: MgSiO3.
clinoferrosilite [2911] : clinoferosilit.
Khong vt nhm clinopyroxen:
(Mg,Fe)SiO3. c trng l khong vt silicat
st h n nghing: Fe SiO3. Ss: orthoferrosilite.
clinoform [2912] : a hnh nghing,,
dng nghing.
Dng a hnh di nc tng t nh sn
lc a ca i dng hoc ging nh cc lp
pha trc (va trc) ca chu th. l v tr
119
ca mi trng trm tch nghing.
clinohedrite [2913] : clinohedrit.
Khong vt h n nghing, khng mu,
trng hoc ta nht: CaZnSiO3(OH)2.
clinohumite [2914] : clinohumit.
Khong vt h n nghing nhm humit:
Mg9Si4O16 (F,OH)2.
clinohypersthene [2915] : clinohypersthen.
Khong vt nhm clinopyroxen:
(Mg,Fe)SiO3, c thnh phn st cao hn
(20-50% mole) so vi clinoenstatit.
clinokurchatovite [2916] : clinokurchatovit.
Khong vt: Ca(Mg,Fe,Mn)B2O5, a hnh vi
kurchatovit.
clinophosinaite [2917] : clinophosinait.
Khong vt: Na3CaPSiO7.
clinopinacoid [2918] : hnh i mt nghing.
Trong tinh th h n nghing, hnh i mt
song song vi mt i xng v thng gc vi
trc i xng.
clinoplain [2919] : bnh nguyn n nghing.
Bnh nguyn n nghing ko i t chn ni
v to thnh mt vch thp, dc trn sn nh
thung lng Rio Gran.
clinoptilolite [2920] : clinoptilolit.
Khong vt zeolit:
(Na,K,Ca)2-3Al3(Al,Si)2Si13O36 .12H2O,
l loi giu kali ca heubandit.
clinopyroxene [2921] : clinopyroxen.
1- Tn nhm pyroxen kt tinh trong h n
nghing v i khi calci chim u th, khng c
alumin v kim.
2- Khong vt h n nghing nhm pyroxen
nh diopsit, hedenbergit, clinoenstatit,
clinohypersthen, clinoferosilit, augit, acmit,
pigeonit, spodumen, jadeit v omphacit. Ss:
orthopyroxene. n: monopyroxene; clinoaugite.
clinosafflerite [2922] : clinosaflerit.
Khong vt h n nghing (Co,Fe,Ni)As2,
lng hnh vi saflorit.
clinostrengite [2923] : clinostrengit.
X: phosphosiderite.
clinounconformity [2924] : khng chnh
hp gc.
Khi nim c Crosby (1912) ngh.
Thng vit: clinunconformity.
n: angular unconformity.
clinoungemachite [2925] : clinoungemachit.
Khong vt h n nghing cha sulfat st
ha tr 3, natri v kali, ng hnh vi
ungemachit.
clinozoisite [2926] : clinozoisit.
Khong vt mu xm nht-trng, hng hoc
xanh l cy ca nhm epidot: Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH),
lng hnh, h n nghing ca zoisit v cc
loi ca n, nhng mu th sng hn epidot.
clint [2927] : nm .
Thut ng xut pht t Scotland c s
dng ch cng hoc silic bt k nh ra
t sn i, mt vch dc.
Clinton ore [2928] : qung st dng trng c
mu vng Clinton.
Qung st dng trng c mu trong
trm tch. V d hematit dng ht u, trng c
trong thnh to Clinton hoc tng t vng
Trung-ng nc Hoa K.
clintonite [2929] : clintonit.
1- Loi mica khi tm mt ba, c cng thc
l thuyt: Ca(Mg2Al)(Si,Al3)O10(OH,F)2, mu
nu - nht, ng hoc mu vng nht.
Tinh th h n nghing v c dng tm mng.
n: seybertite, xanthophylite.
2- Tn nhm mica rn.
clinunconformity [2930] : khng chnh
hp gc.
Cn c vit l: clinounconformity.
clisiophylloid [2931] : kiu Clisiophyllum.
Mt cu trc trc San h Rugosa c trng
bi mt tm gia ngn ni vch chnh vi vch
i nh ging Clisiophyllum.
cloaca [2932] : khoang thot.
Phng thot nc ng vt khng xng
sng, nht l khoang trung tm ln Bt bin,
ni cc l v knh thng vo, v n thng thng
ra bn ngoi qua l thot. ng vt c xng
sng l ng dn chung cho bi tit v sinh
sn, tr i vi th c ti v c v. Sn: cloacae.
n: atrium, spongocoel.
clogging [2933] : trm nht (bn).
S lng ng cc ht bn st trong cc l
hng hay khe nt ca t thnh ging, ngn
cn nc t ngoi chy vo ging, lm gim lu
lng khai thc.
close grained [2934] : ht mn, ht nh; kt
cu ht kn.
1- (trt) Ht mn, ht nh.
Loi v kin trc ca n c c trng
bi cc ht kch thc nh v gn kt cht.
2- (cctr) Kt cu ht kn.
close packed structure [2935] : cu trc
xp cht.
Loi kin trc tinh th vi iu kin l vt
cht chng kht cht ch nht: lp u ca
nhng nguyn t, trong mt nguyn t tip
xc vi su nguyn t tng t, lp th hai ca
nhng nguyn t lp vo ch trng ca lp u
v lp th ba lp li nh lp u.
closed basin [2936] : bn ng, bn kn.
120
 Mt vng kn khng c ch thot nc, nc
mt i ch duy nht bng con ng bc hi,
nh vng kh hu kh nng.
closed depression [2937] : h trng khp kn,
min trng n l.
Vng t thp c th hin trn bn a mt qu t. Cc git nc nh ngng t xung
hnh bng ng vin nt chi, kiu ng ng
mc khp kn. V d: Trng kin to t gy,
hang ng khng c ca ra vo.
closed dispersion haloes [2938] : vnh phn
tn kn.
X: secondary dispersion haloes.
closed form solutions [2939] : li gii i s.
(cctr) Mt s bi ton c hc t vi cc
c im hnh hc v gi thit n gin ha c
th gii chnh xc bng cc phng php i s.
Mt s v d nh bi ton xc nh phn b ng
sut v dch chuyn xung quanh mt ng hm
c tit din trn hoc elip, o trong mt mi
trng ng nht, ng hng, tuyn tnh v
n hi, trong cc iu kin ng sut hoc bin
dng phng.
closed hydraulic piezometers [2940] : ng o
p lc nc kn.
ng c y nc c ht ht khng
kh, dng cho t c thm thu nh hn
10-6cm/s, c th o p lc nc rt nh. Thng
dng trong qu trnh p p, c th lp t
ngay trong lc thi cng v li sau khi hon
cng.
closed lake [2941] : h n.
H khng c dng chy thot, nc b tn
tht ch do bc hi hoc thm.
closed ridge [2942] : i, g khp kn.
B, g c hnh trn, hnh bn nguyt, elip
hoc dng bt k bao quanh vng trng.
closed system [2943] : h thng kn.
H thng ha hc kn trong khng c s
trao i, di chuyn vt cht vo hoc ra khi h
thng xy ra.
closely jointed rock masses [2944] : khi
b dp v mnh.
Khi khi cng chc b nhiu h khe nt
ct qua, v nu mt khe nt rt dy so vi
quy m ca mi dc, hnh vi ca khi c th
rt khc so vi trng hp mi dc ch b mt
khe nt n l ct qua. Mt dy c ca cc
khe nt khin khi tr nn ri rc, tng khi
nh c th chuyn dch, quay d dng hn nhiu
so vi nguyn trng. Kt qu l sc bn ca
khi b gim hn, thm ch c th so snh vi
sc bn ca .
closure [2945] : vi ha mng trc.
ru ng vt Ming mi (Cheilostomata) l
s vi ha mng pha trc lm mt i th lc
v chc nng bt mi.
cloud [2946] : my.
1- (cthv) Ton b cc git nc nh hoc
tinh th nc c th thy c pha trn b
quanh cc nhn, v d nh ht bi, phn hoa,
nc c to ra trn cc ht bi hoc trn
cc tinh th nc khc.
2- (tc) Trn cc nh vin thm, nhng vng
trng l nhiu do my che ph nn tn hiu
khng n c ng thu.
cloudburst [2947] : ma ro.
Ma xy ra trong mt thi gian ngn nhng
cng ln.
clude ore [2948] : qung nguyn khai
cha tuyn.
cluster analysis [2949] : phn tch chm, phn
tch nhm.
Mt phng php phn tch thng k dng
phn loi, bng cch sp xp mt s i tng,
trong cc ph nhm ng nht trn c s nhng
du hiu ging nhau v quan h th h.
clymenid [2950] : Clymeniida.
Chn u dng Cc tp hp trong mt b
c trng bi v tr siphon st pha lng, ch
khng pha bng nh cc b khc. Tui:
Devon mun.
clypeus [2951] : on gc mi, vnh u.
ng vt V gip l phn mang mnh mi
trn ca u; ng vt dng Nhn l vnh v
nm gia ra trc v i mt.
CMY [2952]: vit tt t cyan-magenta-yellow.
T hp mu xanh, ti v mu vng dng
trong cng nghip in.
CMYB [2953] : vit tt t cyan-magenta-
yellow-black.
T hp mu xanh, ti, mu vng v en
s dng u tin trong cng nghip in.
cnidarian [2954] : c lng chm Cnidaria.
Rut khoang thuc mt phn ngnh c
trng bi thn c cc t bo chm nga v cc
c n gin. Tt c cc Rut khoang ha thch
u thuc phn ngnh ny.
coal ball [2955] : kt hch trong than.
Loi kt hch ca mnh vn thc vt b
khong ho, c mt trong mt lp than hoc
vy quanh. Trnh nhm ln vi ball coal.
coal basin [2956] : b than.
coal belt [2957] : i c than.
coal breccia [2958] : vn than.
Loi than b vn nt t nhin trong mt lp.
Cc mnh vn thng c b mt nhn bng.
coal gravel [2959] : sn than.
121
 Trm tch than th sinh cha cc mnh vn
c vn chuyn v ti trm tch.
coal measures [2960] : tng than.
1- Mt tp lp than.
2- Tnh lin tc ca cc trm tch c
dy thay i t 1m ti vi nghn mt, bao gm
cc st, phin, bt kt, ct kt, cui kt, v
vi vi s xen kp ca cc lp than.
coal mining by the longwall method [2961] :
khai thc than bng phng php l dc.
coalescing pediment [2962] : ng bng
trc ni lin tc.
1- Mt trong nhiu pediment (ng bng
trc ni) lin kt vi nhau thnh pediment lin
tc bao quanh dy ni hoc lin kt trn ton
khu vc gim qu trnh hoang mc ni ti
mc tng i n nh.
2- Mt trong s nhiu pediment lm thnh
ng bng chn ni.
coalingite [2963] : coalingit.
Khong vt: Mg10Fe2(CO3)(OH)24.2H2O.
coarse [2964] : ht th, ht ln, thng l cc
ht ct.
coarse aggregate [2965] : tp hp th.
Phn ca mt tp hp cha cc ht c kch
thc ln hn 4,76 mm.
coarse clay [2966] : st ht ln.
Thut ng dng trong a cht hc ch ht
st c ng knh thay i t 1/512 n
1/256mm.
coarse error [2967] : sai s th.
Sai s sinh ra do vi phm cc iu kin c
bn ca vic ly mu, o c. V d ghi nhm
kt qu, c tnh chn cc s c, v.v.
coarse fragment [2968] : mnh vn th.
Mnh hoc ht khong vt c mt trong
t vi ng knh ln hn 2 mm.
coarse grained [2969] : ht th.
1- Loi trm tch hoc trm tch v kin
trc ca n, trong cc thnh phn ring bit
c th d dng nhn bit c bng mt thng;
c bit v trm tch hay m cc ht cu
thnh n c kch thc trung bnh trn 2 mm.
2- Thut ng ch loi kt tinh v kin trc
ca n, trong cc khong vt to ring bit
c kch thc tng i ln; c bit l loi
magma vi kch thc trung bnh ca cc ht
ln hn 5 mm.
3- Thut ng dng ch loi t trong
hm lng thnh phn si v (hoc) ct chim
u th.
coarse gravel [2970] : cui, si th.
Thut ng a cht cng trnh ch loi si c
ng knh 19-76 mm (3/4-3 in).
coarse pebble [2971] : cui, si th.
Thut ng a cht cng trnh ch loi si c
ng knh 16-32 mm (0,6-1,3 in.) hoc 4-5 n
v (AGI, 1958).
coarse sand [2972] : ct ht th.
1- Loi ct c kch thc ht thay i t 0,5
n 1 mm.
2- Thut ng s dng trong a cht cng
trnh ch loi ct c ng knh thay i t 2
mm n 4,76 mm. Thut ng c s dng
trong nghin cu v t Hoa K ch loi ct
c kch thc ht thay i trong khong 0,5-1
mm. Cn Hi nghin cu t quc t th cng
nhn kch thc phi l 0,2-2 mm.
3- Loi t cha trn 85% ht c ct, trn
25% l ct ht th v rt th v di 50% l ct
c ht khc.
coarse silt [2973] : bt ht th.
Loi bt c kch thc ht thay i t 1/32
n 1/16mm.
coarsely crystalline [2974] : kt tinh ht
ln, th.
Kiu kin trc ca trm tch carbonat,
trong cc ht tinh th c kch thc thay i
t 0,25 n 1,0 mm, hoc trn 0,2 mm, hay 4
mm.
coast [2975] : b bin.
1- Di t c chiu rng khng xc nh
(c th nghn km) ko di t ng thy triu
thp trong t lin n nhng s thay i c bn
u tin trong t lin.
2- Mt phn a ht c coi l gn bin, bao
gm ton b vng ng bng ven bin hoc
min duyn hi c mt s c im c trng
ring.
coast plain [2976] : ng bng ven bin, ng
bng duyn hi.
1- ng bng bc mn do hot ng ca
sng.
2- Mc c s nh du bng mc nc bin
m t lin gim thp c bi tc dng ca i
thong kh.
coast shelf [2977] : thm lc a.
Phn tip tc ko xung bin ca ng bng
duyn hi.
coastal [2978] : ven b, duyn hi.
(trt) Thuc v b bin. V d: nc bin ven
b; Gii hn b bin hoc trn b bin, gn b
bin. V d: i ven bin, ng ven bin.
coastal area [2979] : vng duyn hi, min
duyn hi.
Nhng khu vc (hay min t) t v bin
tip gip vi ng b bin v ko di v pha
bin qua i sng v b.
coastal dune [2980] : cn ct ven b.
Cn ct ven b do sng bin to nn hoc
122
cn ct c th dng cao v di chuyn v pha
t lin.
coastal lagoon [2981] : m ph ven b, lagun
ven b.
Mt thy vc ven b nc l, nc mn c
chn ngoi bi mt ct v c ca thng vi
bin pha ngoi.
coastal lake [2982] : h ven b.
H c hnh thnh bng cc qu trnh xy
p ng b nh to bi ct chn qua vnh
hoc bng cch ni lin hai tay o vi lc a.
coastal plain [2983] : ng bng duyn hi,
ng bng ven bin.
1- ng bng thp, ni chung rng, c
gii hn bi b i dng (hoc b bin), phng
hoc hi thoi nghing v pha mt nc v th
hin mt i bin li hoc y bin nng cao.
V d: ng bng ven bin ng-Nam Hoa K
ko di 3000 km t New Jersey n Texas.
2- Vi ngha t dng hn: bt k min t
thp no tip gip vi bin v i dng, ko
di v pha t lin n gn im cao mt t v
rt thoi v pha bin.
3- Mt i rng ri, ko di v c hai pha:
t lin v pha bin, k t ng b.
coastline [2984] : ng b bin.
1- Ranh gii gia t v nc, nh nc bin
v i dng.
2- Thut ng chung din t hnh dng t
lin dc theo b bin, nhn t pha bin.
3- i rng gia t v nc, ko di c v
pha t lin v c v pha bin.
coated grain [2985] : ht c bc, trng c.
Loi ht trm tch c cc lp carbonat calci
ng tm bao quanh; v d nh cc ht dng
trng c, pisolit, v.v.
cobalt [2986] : cobalt (Co).
Tn Latinh l cobaltum. Nguyn t ha hc
s 27, nguyn t lng 58,9332 ; t trng
8,9g/cm3. Trng thi rn, kim loi nng,
chalcophil, siderophil. C 1 ng v n nh v
26 ng v khng n nh. Hm lng Co trong
cc (theo ppm): trong v lc a trn l 11,6;
siu mafic l 110; gabro-basalt l 45; granit-
granodiorit l 4; trong t l 10; trong phin
20; trong nc i dng 0,00002 mg/l; trong
sng sui l 0,0002 mg/l. Cc khong vt tiu
biu l smaltit, cobaltit, linnaeit, erythrit.
Phng php phn tch Co: ICP-AES, ICP-MS.
c s dng trong cc ngnh hng khng v
tr, thp khng r, m in, luyn kim, xc tc,
sn, v.v.
cobalt bloom [2987] : cobalt mu .
n: erythrite.
cobalt glance [2988] : cobalt lng lnh.
n: cobaltite.
cobalt ocher [2989] : cobalt mu hng.
n: erythrite; asbolite.
cobalt pentlandite [2990] : pentlandit cobalt.
Khong vt: (Co,Ni)9S8 cha cobalt tng t
vi pentlandit.
cobalt pyrite [2991] : pyrit cobalt.
Loi pyrit cha cobalt, linnaeite.
cobalt vitriol [2992] : sulfat cobalt.
n: bieberite.
cobalt zippeite [2993] : zipeit cobalt.
Khong vt h thoi:
Co(UO2)6(SiO4)3(OH)1016H2O.
cobaltite [2994] : cobaltit.
Khong vt ng thc, mu xm nht n
trng bc, sc nht, thng dng khi v kt
hp vi smaltit, l khong vt qung quan trng
ca cobalt.
n: cobalt glance; white cobalt; gray cobalt.
cobaltkoritnigite [2995] : cobaltkoritnigit.
Khong vt ng cu trc vi koritnigit:
(Co,Zn)[H2O][AsO3OH].
cobaltocalcite [2996] : cobaltocalcit.
1- Loi calcit mu cha cobalt;
2- Spherocobaltit.
cobaltomenite [2997] : cobaltomenit.
Khong vt: CoSeO3.2H2O, ng cu trc vi
ahlfeldit v clinochalcomenit.
cobble [2998] : cui-tng.
1- Loi mnh vn c kch thc ln hn
c cui nhng nh hn c tng, vi ng knh
thay i trong khong 64-256 mm, b qu trnh
vn chuyn mi mn mc khc nhau.
2- Mnh vn hoc khong vt trong thnh
phn t c ng knh thay i trong khong
20-200.
3- S dng trong a cht cng trnh ch
cc ht vn c ng knh ln hn 76 mm.
cobble conglomerate [2999] : cui kt.
Loi c thnh phn ch yu l cc ht
cui c gn kt.
cobble size [3000] : kch thc c cui.
Thut ng c s dng trong nghin cu
trm tch lun ch mt khi vt cht ln hn
mt hnh cu c ng knh 64 mm v nh hn
mt hnh cu c ng knh 256 mm.
Coblenzian [3001] : Coblen, Coblenci (t).
Bc Chu u do Dumont (1848), Gosselet
(1880) xc lp theo tn thnh ph Coblentz
c, bc th hai ca Devon h (nm trn Gedin,
di Eifeli), hin t c s dng do khi lng
khng r rng. Cn c vit l Coblencian.
cocarde ore [3002] : qung dng vnh.
coccinite [3003] : cocinit.
123
 Khong vt thy ngn, cng thc tm xc
nh l: HgI2.
coccocylinder [3004] : tr to cu.
V hnh tr ca to cu trong cc ht to
cu xp sp mt cch c trt t v lp i lp li.
coccolith [3005] : ht to cu.
Thut ng chung dng ch nhng cu trc
vi li ti hoc nhng phin hnh cc o c ng
knh khong 3 micron (tuy nhin, mt s cng
t n 35 micron) to nn di tch khung xng
ngoi ca mt to cu. Ht to cu tm thy
trong bn vi bin su nhng i dng vng
n i v nhit i, m c l khng ph bin
trc k Jura. Thut ng ny thng c dng
mt cch khng chnh xc thay cho
coccolithophore (To cu).
coccolithophore [3006] : To
(Chrysophyceae).
To hai lng roi tri ni, ch yu bin,
thuc mt lp c mu nu, trong mt pha no
ca vng i chng b bao trong mt v cng
ng cc tiu cu bng vi gi l cc ht to cu
to nn mt v vi phc hp. To cu l loi t
dng, vn c xp vo hoc l To, hoc l
ng vt nguyn sinh.
coccosphere [3007] : v to cu.
V hoc khung xng hnh cu hay dng cu
ca mt To cu bao gm mt kt t ht to cu
xp xen k nhau trong mt lp bao cht keo.
cochromite [3008] : cocromit.
Khong vt thuc h spinel:
(Ni,Co,Zn,Mg,Mn,Fe+2)(Cr,Al,Fe,Ti)2O4.
cocite [3009] : cocit.
Lamprophyr cha cc ban tinh olivin, biotit
v cc pyroxen n nghing trong nn leucit,
feldspar kim, biotit v magnetit. Lacroix, 1933
t tn theo vng Cc Pa, Vit Nam.
cockpit [3010] : trng karst, phu karst.
Vng trng (hoc h trng) c thnh dc, c
dng hnh sao c bao bc bi cc i dng
nn vng pht trin karst c kh hu nhit i.
coconinoite [3011] : coconinoit.
Khong vt th sinh mu vng-crem sng:
Fe2 Al2(UO2)2(PO4)4(SO4)(OH)2.20H2O.
codify [3012] : m ha.
Cch th hin du hiu ca i tng a
cht bng nhng k hiu quy c nht nh.
Ngi ta phn bit loi m ha khng v tr - khi
mi mt du hiu c m ha bng mt k
hiu c lp v m ha v tr - v tr ca mt s
th hin trong k hiu c mt ngha nht nh
ngoi hnh dng ca k hiu. Trong a cht
dng 5 loi m ha, bng s ch, mu sc, hnh
hc v hnh th (configuration).
coefficient [3013] : h s.
coefficient at rest pressure [3014] : h s p
lc t trng thi ngh.
coefficient linear correlation [3015] : h s
tng quan tuyn tnh.
coefficient non-linear correlation [3016] : h
s tng quan phi tuyn tnh.
coefficient of absorption [3017] : h s
hp th.
coefficient of acidity [3018] : h s acid ha.
T s oxy trong hp cht.
coefficient of anisotropy [3019] : h s
d hng.
Cn bc hai ca t s gia in tr sut thc
t theo hai chiu ngang v dc ca mt cht
d hng.
coefficient of compressibility [3020] : h s
cu nn ln.
S thay i mc nn ln di tc dng
ca ngoi lc.
coefficient of consolidation [3021] : h s
c kt.
c xc nh t th nghim nn v s dng
tnh thi gian c kt ca t nn di ti
trng tc dng.
coefficient of dispersion [3022] : h s
xm tn.
coefficient of dynamic viscosity [3023] : h
s nht ng lc hc.
X: coefficient of viscosity.
coefficient of earth pressure [3024] : h s p
lc t.
T s gia cc ng sut chnh (thng l ng
sut theo cc chiu thng ng v nm ngang)
ti mt im trong t nn.
coefficient of efficiency [3025] : h s
hiu dng.
coefficient of expansion [3026] : h s
gin n.
S n do nhit ca vt liu trn mt n v
chiu di khi nhit thay i 1 n v (1o). H
s ny c gi tr khc nhau i vi thang C
(celsius) v F (Fahrenheit) nhng ging nhau
trong h mt v h FPS.
coefficient of fineness [3027] : h s mn.
T s cc ht rn l lng vi c, l php
o kch thc ca cc ht gy nn vn c,
kch thc ht tng theo h s mn.
coefficient of friction [3028] : h s ma st.
coefficient of kinematic viscosity [3029] : h
s nht ng hc.
X: kinematic viscosity.
coefficient of permeability [3030] : h s
thm.
Tc thm ca nc (hay cht lng) trong
124
mi trng t khi gradien p lc bng n
v, c th hin bng m/ng hay cm/s.
coefficient of thermal expansion [3031] : h
s gin n nhit.
S tng th tch tng i ca mt h thng
vi s tng nhit trong mt qu trnh ng
p.
coefficient of uniformity [3032] : h s ng
nht (Cu).
T s D60/D10, trong D60 l ng knh ht
loi mn hn 60% v D10 l ng knh ht loi
mn hn 10% trn ng cong ht.
coefficient of variation [3033] : h s
bin thin.
H s bin thin V = S trong S - lch
X qun th.
qun phng, X - Hm lng trung bnh.
H s bin thin c c bng cch chia
lch chun ca mt tp s liu cho trung bnh
cng. V = . n: coefficient of variability.
M
coefficient of viscosity [3034] : h s nht.
i lng c trng cho lc ma st xut hin
trn mt n v din tch (cm2) tip xc gia hai
cht lng hay kh trt ln nhau vi vn tc
1cm/s. H s nht c biu th bng yn.s/cm2
hay poise (1 poise = 1 yn.s/cm2 = 1 g/cm.s).
Ngoi nht ng lc hc (dynamic viscosity)
cn c nht ng hc. X: kinematic viscosity.
n: coefficient of dynamic viscosity, absolute
viscosity.
coefficient of volume compressibility [3035]:
h s nn.
Khi lu tr s liu ngi ta thng "nn" s
liu li tit kim ch trn thit b lu tr.
coefficient utilization [3036] : h s s dng.
coelenterate [3037] : Rut khoang.
ng vt khng xng sng a bo, n th
hay qun th, thuc mt ngnh c trng bi
mt vch thn c hai lp t bo ni vi nhau qua
mt lp keo m, mt khoang thn duy nht vi
mt ca duy nht n vo v bi tit ra, v
thn i xng ta tia hay ta tia kp.
coelenteron [3038] : khoang rut.
Khoang trong rng ri bao quanh bi vch
thn mt ng vt Rut khoang, thng vi bn
ngoi bng ming.
coelobitic [3039] : sng hang.
Sinh vt (thng l ng vt khng xng
sng bm y hoc di ng) sng trong mt hc
t o hoc c sn trong cng.
coeloconoid [3040] : v nn khoang.
V ca Chn bng gn hnh nn, nhng cc
mt bn rt phng.
coelom [3041] : th xoang.
Khoang trong l phi gia ng vt ba l
phi, khi pht trin mnh to nn mt khong
gia ni tng v vch thn. Cn vit l: coelome.
coenenchyme [3042] : m xng ngoi .
Loi keo trung gian phc tp lin kt cc
polyp ca mt San h phc hp.
coenobium [3043] : cng c th.
Qun th sinh vt c lp hp nht bi mt
v chung, v thng c mt s xp sp xc nh.
coenocyte [3044] : cng bo.
Mt sinh vt, nh l mt To si lc, gm c
cht nguyn sinh nhiu nhn m khng c vch
phn chia cc ht nguyn sinh.
coenosarc [3045] : m bao lin kt.
M mm lin kt cc polyp San h trong mt
coenosis [3046] : qun lc sinh vt.
Mt qun c gn b vi nhau bi nhng yu
t sinh thi trong mt tnh trng cn bng khng
bn. Sn: coenoses.
coenosteum [3047] : b xng chung,
m xng.
B xng vi hnh thnh gia cc San h
c th mt San h qun th; b xng vi tit
ra bi ng vt nhm L tng (Stromatoporata);
vt liu b xng vi c hay dng bt gia cc
c th mt s Ru ng vt Stenolaemata.
coeruleolactite [3048] : coeruleolactit.
Khong vt: (Ca,Cu)Al6(PO4)4(OH)8.4-5H2O,
mu trng-sa n mu xanh da tri, quan h
vi turquois.
coesite [3049] : coesit.
Khong vt h n nghing, a hnh ca
SiO2, ch n nh trong iu kin nhit trong
phng v p lc trn 20 kilobar. Silic phi v vi
4 oxygen. Coesit thnh to trong ming ni la
hot ng mnh hoc trong nh suevit, cng
l dng bao th trong kimberlit, trong granat,
pyroxen v trong eclogit. Ss: stishovite.
cofferdam [3050] : quai.
coffinite [3051] : cofinit.
Khong vt mu en: U(SiO4)1-K(OH)4x,
khong vt qung quan trng ca uran, trong ct
kt v trong mch nhit dch.
COGEOENVIRONMENT - IUGS [3052] :
Hi ng khoa hc a cht v quy hoch mi
trng ca Hip hi a cht Quc t.
Mt t chc ca Hip hi a cht Quc t
(IUGS) c nhim v thc y vic a cc kt
qu iu tra nghin cu v a cht vo phc v
cc nhu cu kinh t-x hi, quy hoch khai thc
s dng hp l lng t v ti nguyn khong
sn, qun l v bo v mi trng, phng trnh
hoc gim nh cc tai bin a cht.
125
COGEOENVIRONMENT (Commission on
Geological sciences for Environmental
Planning) cng xc tin v khuyn khch vic
hp tc, trao i thng tin gia cc nh khoa
hc v a cht v cc lnh vc.
cohenite [3053] : cohenit.
Khong vt ng thc mu trng thic:
(Fe,Ni,Co)C, khong vt ph trong thin
thch-st.
cohesion [3054] : lc dnh kt, bm dnh.
1- Lc dnh c coi l lc khng ct khi ng
sut thng ng bng khng.
2- cp n tnh bm dnh ca t dng
st.
cohesion apparent [3055]: lc dnh biu kin.
Lc dnh trong t ht th do mao dn.
cohesionless soil [3056] : t b ri
(t khng dnh).
Loi t ht th c lc dnh kt rt nh hoc
hu nh bng khng v lc khng ct hu nh
ch gm c thnh phn ma st.
cohesive [3057] : c tnh bm dnh.
cohesive soil [3058] : t dnh.
Loi t ht mn (ch yu st) vi lc khng
ct ch yu ch gm c thnh phn lc dnh kt
trong khi thnh phn lc ma st hu nh khng
ng k.
cohesiveness [3059] : kt dnh, c kt.
Mt khi trm tch ht mn (c ng knh
nh hn 0,01 mm), b ri, c cc lc b mt
ht lm lin kt vi nhau.
coiling direction [3060] : hng cun v.
Hng bn phi (theo chiu kim ng h)
hay bn tri (ngc chiu kim ng h) theo
mt v Chn bng hay Trng l tri ni cun
vo. c im ny c dng lun gii cc
iu kin c kh hu hoc dng trong i snh
a tng.
coke breaker [3061] : my nghin cc.
col [3062] : o.
1- ng c o, g gh, hp v cao (hoc
min trng) gia hai dy ni, ni chung i qua
sng ni hoc theo ng chia nc hoc gia
hai nh k nhau; im cao nht trn ng chia
nc gia hai thung lng.
2- Min trng dng yn nga qua dy ni
im thp nht ca sng ni.
cold fumarole [3063] : h phun lnh.
H phun c nhit nh hn 100oC .
cold lahar [3064] : dng bn lnh.
Dng vt liu ni la lnh chy theo sn ni
la, c sn sinh do ma to hoc sp l phn
khng n nh ca ni la.
cold spring [3065] : ngun l nc lnh.
Ngun l c nhit nc nh hn nhit
khng kh trung bnh nm trong vng.
colemanite [3066] : colemanit.
Khong vt h n nghing, khng mu hoc
trng: Ca2B6O11.5H2O, l ngun quan trng ca
Bo, tinh th dng khi hoc mu nh trong st.
coleoid [3067] : V trong (hoc Hai mang)
(Coleoidea hay Dibranchiata).
Cc Chn u thuc mt phn lp c v nm
bn trong thn mm, c t bo sc t, ti mc,
mt rt to v gic mt cc chi.
coliform count [3068] : ch s coli.
S lng vi khun Coli trong mt mililt
nc, c dng lm ch s v s c mt cc vi
khun gy bnh trong nc.
coliform organisms [3069] : sinh vt coliform
(dng coli).
Nhm vi khun hiu kh v c kh nng ym
kh, gram m, khng hnh thnh bo t, ln men
lactoza, thng c tr trong rut gi ngi v
ng vt. Ni chung ngoi E. coli, nhiu loi
trong chng c kh nng tn ti v sinh sn
trong mi trng t nhin.
collabral [3070] : khp vi mi ngoi.
Ni v mt cu trc ph hp v hnh dng
vi mi ngoi v Chn bng.
collapse breccia [3071] : dm kt st l.
Loi dm kt c hnh thnh do qu trnh
st l cc nm trn, nh qu trnh st l phn
mi ca hang ng karst, hay phn mi ca
vy quanh trn mt th xm nhp.
n: founder breccia.
collapse caldera [3072] : ming ni la sp l,
caldera sp l.
Mt loi ming ni la (kiu caldera) hnh
thnh do sp l mi ca l magma do s di
chuyn ca magma qua phun tro khi lng
ln mnh vn hoc dung nham, hoc do s mt
i ca magma di mt t. Phn ln cc
caldera thuc kiu ny.
collapse crater [3073] : ming ni la sp.
Ming ni la Mt trng c hnh thnh do
sp cc hang, hc lp y dung nham ni la
(lava). Loi ming ni la ny cha c xc
lp y .
collapse depression [3074] : bn sp l.
C dng elip, dng ko di trn b mt dng
dung nham, do sp l tng phn hoc ton b
mi ca hang dung nham di hoc ngn. Nhng
khi sp l t mi c th ng li y bn sp
l. Nc hoc aluvi ph trn nhng khi ny.
collapse sinkhole [3075] : h st.
H trng hnh thnh do mt t b st xung
nhng hang hc ngm bn di nh hang karst,
hm l khai thc, v.v.
126
 collapsing soil [3076] : t yu, t hay
sp, st.
Loi t ht mn (v d hong th) vi lc
khng ct (c thnh phn dnh kt ln thnh
phn ma st) rt thp, c bit d gy sp, st
ln khi bo ha nc.
collect [3077] : thu thp, gom gp, tng hp.
collecting area [3078] : din tch thu nc.
Din tch lu vc-ni thu gi (tch) nc t
cc ni khc v.
collection [3079] : thu thp, tng hp.
collection basin [3080] : bn thu nc.
n: catchment basin.
collection of geological data [3081] : thu thp
s liu a cht.
collective group [3082] : nhm tp hp.
Thut ng ng vt hc ch mt tp hp ng
vt c th chia ra thnh cc loi nhn dng c,
nhng khng c v tr ging chc chn. Tn ca
tp hp c coi l thuc cp ging, nhng
khng cn nu ra loi in hnh ca tp hp.
collector drains [3083] : cng, rnh thu nc.
Cng rnh o cc mi dc ch ng
thu v tho nc t mi dc.
collector well [3084] : ging thu nc.
X: radial well.
collencyte [3085] : t bo mng dy.
T bo amip Bt bin, thng c dng sao
hay hnh thoi, to nn mng t bo ca m gia.
colline [3086] : g mo.
G nh cao trn b mt San h gia cc
c th San h su tia.
collinsite [3087] : colinsit.
Khong vt h ba nghing:
Ca2(Mg,Fe)(PO4)2.2H2O, ng hnh vi
fairfieldit.
collision [3088] : ng , s va chm.
Ch s ng ca hai mng v lc a. V
d in hnh l s ng ca mng n vi
mng u- gy nn t gy, ng t, nng
tri to nn dy ni Hymalaya hng v nht
hnh tinh.
collocryst [3089] : tinh th keo.
Dng tinh th do ti kt tinh ca vt cht
dng keo trong trm tch.
colloid [3090] : th keo, coloid.
1- Cc ht c kch thc nh hn
0,00024mm, ngha l nh hn kch thc ht
st;
2- Bt k cht no l lng trong dung dch.
colloidal dispersion [3091] : phn tn keo.
Cc ht th vn l lng trong mt mi
trng, thng l mi trng lng.
colloidstone [3092] : keo.
Loi trm tch c thnh phn l cc ht
c keo.
colluvial [3093] : l tch, coluvi.
colluvium [3094] : l tch.
Thut ng chung ch vt liu trm tch b
ri, khng c chn lc, thng ng chn
ni, chn i ch yu do trng lc.
cololite [3095] : vt giun b ha thch.
Ha thch vt hin c xp vo "ging"
Lumbricaria gm mt th hnh ng, hnh dy
thng v un khc hay cun li vi b ngang
khong 3 mm, c l l khun in ha thch ca
mt loi giun, nhng trc y c coi l
rut c ha thch, hoc l th cha trong rut c
. Tm thy loi ha thch ny trong vi
thch bn.
colonial [3096] : qun th, tp on.
ng vt cng sinh cht ch vi cc con
khc cng loi, v thng khng th tn ti nu
b tch ring, nht l i vi San h.
colony [3097] : qun th, tp on.
Mt kt t cng hnh thi v chc nng ca
nhng sinh vt c th thng tc ng qua li
vi mi trng nh mt sinh vt n th, nh
Ru ngvt, San h, Graptolithina; mt nhm
sinh vt sng hoc ha thch tm thy mt
vng hay mt phn v a tng tr thnh c
trng cho vng hay phn v .
color index [3098] : ch s mu.
S th hin phn trm khi lng cc khong
vt mu trong . Trong phn loi cc
magma, ngi ta cn c vo ch s ny chia ra
cc loi sau: sng mu (ch s mu 0-30),
sm mu va (ch s mu 30-60), v sm
mu (ch s mu 60-100).
coloradoite [3099] : coloradoit.
Khong vt ng thc, mu en-xm nht:
HgTe.
colorimetric analysis [3100]:phn tchso mu.
Phng php phn tch nh lng ha hc
bng cch thm vo dung dch cn phn tch v
dung dch chun mt lng xc nh ca mt
cht, sau so snh m mu sc.
colorimetry [3101] : so mu.
K nng hoc qu trnh o hoc so snh mu,
thng s dng dng c o mu trong phn tch
nh lng ha hc.
colpate [3102] : rnh.
L nhng khe nt di trn exine ca ht
phn.
colpi [3103] : nhiu rnh.
Ht phn c nhiu rnh.
colporate [3104] : c rnh l.
Cc ht phn c rnh dc, trn c mt
hoc vi ci bin trn mng ngoi, nh rnh
127
ngang, thng ng xch o.
colpus [3105] : rnh dc.
Mt dng rnh dc mng ngoi ca ht phn
kt hp vi s ny mm. N hoc bao ly mt l
mm, hoc dng trc tip lm ni nh ln ca
ng phn, thng vi mu ca vnh iu ha.
N c th xa tm (nh phn n rnh), hoc
xp sp cch khc. Mng ca rnh dc l mng
ngoi trong mng ngoi cng v/ hoc mng
trong thng mng i hoc khng c. Sn: colpi.
colpus transversalis [3106] : rnh ngang.
colquyriite [3107] : colquyrit.
Khong vt h ba nghing: LiCaAlF6.
columbite [3108] : columbit.
Khong vt mu en: (Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)2O6,
ng hnh vi tantalit, tn ti trong granit v
pegmatit, v l khong vt qung niobi, ngun
phong ph ca tantal. n: niobite, dianite,
greenlandite.
columbotantalite [3109] : columbotantalit.
Thut ng khng bt buc dnh cho khong
vt lot columbit- tantalit.
columbretite [3110] : columbretit.
Mt loi phonolit leucit gm cc thanh
sanidin, honrblend b bin i trong nn dy c
cc microlit oligoclas b gm mn, vi sanidin
nt n bao quanh cc ht leucit. Nhng ch gm
mn ca microlit c lp y bi analcin,
augit, magnetit. Johannsen (1939) t tn theo
vng Columbrete Island, Ty Ban Nha.
columella [3111] : ct, que, li.
Cu trc trc dng ct mt San h; ct
gia bao ly trc ca v mt Chn u cun
xon; que thng ng nm gia hai vng nm
ngang, hoc bn trong khoang v mt s
Trng tia; xng tai gia ng vt bn chn h
ng v chim. Que nh mng ngoi cng, c
th chia nhnh v hp nht li pha xa tm, to
nn mt mt mng ngoi trn ht phn vi cu
trc phc tp.
columellar fold [3112] : np ct.
Np hoc g un quanh ct v Chn bng
nh v pha bn trong v.
columellar lip [3113] : mi ct.
Phn gn trc ca mi trong v Chn bng.
column [3114] : ct a tng.
1- X: geologic column.
2- (cs) Cu trc hnh ng gm mt dy
nhng phin hnh a xp chng ln nhau bm
vo phn ca v Hu bin, N bin v phn
ln Qu bin, c tc dng neo con vt xung
y. u trn ca thn mt s loi rt bin
i. San h l mt vch thn hnh ng nhn
nm gia a gc v a ming. n: stem.
column crystal [3115] : tinh th dng ct.
Tinh th c dng lng tr h su phng.
columnal [3116] : t, on.
ng vt dng Nhn l mt cu to c hnh
lc, v d mt i chi ph bng nm trn
phin bng, pha trn np l sinh dc tt c b
cp, nhng khng c cc dng Nhn khc; dy
mu ta tia Trng tia Acantharina.
columnar [3117] : dng ct, tr; dng kt cu
ct, cc. (kv)
Ch tnh trng bn ngoi ca tinh th c s
sp xp song song ca nhng n tinh dng
ct, dng tr.
columnar section [3118] : ct a tng, mt
ct ng.
S trnh by theo dng di thng ng th t
a tng ca cc phn v thch a tng c
hnh thnh trong mt vng hay mt khu vc
ring bit. Chiu dy c v theo t l, c
im thch hc c th hin bng k hiu
chung hoc quy c, thng c m t ngn gn
c im v tui, thch hc, ha thch, v.v.
X: geologic column.
columnar structure [3119] : cu to hnh ct;
cu trc dng ct (kv).
1-(trt) Kiu cu to trm tch nguyn sinh
trong mt s loi phin vi, hay vi cha
st bao gm cc th hnh ct (ng knh 9-14
cm, di 1-1,4 m) vung gc vi mt phn lp v
mt ct ngang c hnh van hay hnh a gic.
2-(kv) Dng ct, tr sp xp song song,
biu th s tp hp cc tinh th khong vt
ko di.
colusite [3120] : colusit.
Khong vt h bn phng mu ng thau:
Cu3(Ag, Sn,V,Fe,Te)S4.
comagmatic [3121] : ng magma.
Cc magma c c im chung v thnh
phn ha hc v thnh phn khong vt, c
hnh thnh t magma m, xut hin trong mt
khu vc v thi gian xc nh.
comancheite [3122] : comancheit.
Khong vt: Hg13(Cl,Br8)O9.
comb [3123] : sng ni, sng np li.
n: combe.
comb ridge [3124] : ni rng lc.
Sng ni lm chm, nhn kiu rng lc,
sn dc ng bi v n c cc nh nhn dng
thp xen k cc vt kha su hnh ch V.
combeite [3125] : combeit.
Khong vt h thoi: Na4Ca3Si6O16(OH,F)2.
comber [3126] : t sng cun cun.
1- Sng nc su, cao y v pha trc do
gi mnh hoc bo gy nn.
128
 2- t sng v b ko di, nh sng
xung t t trn mt y kh phng, vi mt
khong cch di, nc bn tung te v pha
trc.
combination well [3127] : ging kt hp.
Ging ln ni vi mt hoc nhiu ging
khc.
combined twinning [3128] : song tinh
lin hp.
Loi song tinh him trong thch anh, khi
xoay 180o quanh trc c, phn chiu 1120 v trn
[0001]. Trc tinh th song song, nhng phn cc
ca trc a khng o ngc trong b phn
song tinh.
comblainite [3129] : comblainit.
Khong vt nhm pyroaurit:
(Ni+2xCo+31-x)(OH)2(CO3)(1-x)/2yH2O.
comendite [3130] : comendit.
phun tro tng ng vi granit kim,
pantellerit. Thnh phn ban tinh gm: sanidin,
micropertit, albit thch anh, aegirin, arfvedsonit
hoc ribekit, i khi c biotit. c kin trc
porphyr vi nn kin trc granophyr hoc na
thy tinh. Thut ng mang tn vng Le
comende, San Pietro Island, Sardina.
comitalia [3131] : gai lin kt.
Gai nh mc ra t tia ca cc gai ln hn,
thy Bt bin Hexactinellida c gai ring r.
commensal [3132] : hi sinh.
Ni v cc sinh vt sng trong tnh trng
hi sinh.
commensalism [3133] : hin tng hi sinh.
Mi quan h gia hai sinh vt trong con
ny hng li t con kia, nhng con kia cng
khng b hi g, hoc khng c li g.
commercial accumulation [3134] : tch t c
gi tr thng mi, tr lng thng mi.
L phn tr lng c kh nng khai thc, ch
bin, tiu th c hiu qu kinh t (commercial
reserves).
commercial efficiency [3135] : hiu qu
kinh t.
commercial reserve [3136] : tr lng
thng mi.
Tr lng c th a vo khai thc sm, tr
thnh hng ho.
commercially exploitable (minable) reserves
[3137] : tr lng cng nghip.
Mt phn tr lng cn i c iu kin
khai thc theo mt d n hoc mt k hoch
c xc lp ti x nghip khai khong. V d
i vi vng lp bn a cht c th chia
thnh 5 loi theo mc phc tp v cu trc
a cht: I(rt n gin), II (n gin), III (tng
i phc tp), IV (phc tp), V (rt phc tp).
commissural plane [3138] : mt khp.
Mt phng cha b bn l ca v Tay cun
v hoc c ng khp ca mt v c din khp
thng, hoc trung im ca ng khp trc.
commissure [3139] : ng khp, rnh
ng so.
ng khp vo nhau gia cc mp ca
mnh v Tay cun hay Thn mm hai mnh;
rnh ca ng so dc theo mt bo t thc
vt c phi ny mm.
common accumulation botany [3140] : thc
vt tch t chung.
Tt c cc loi thc vt sng trn nhng vng
t v gc giu nguyn t qung s cha
nhiu nguyn t qung hn so vi khi sng trn
nhng vng t khc.
common feldspar [3141] : orthoclas.
X: orthoclase.
common mica [3142] : muscovit.
X: muscovite.
common pyrites [3143] : pyrit.
X: pyrite.
common salt [3144] : mui ph thng.
Clorua natri (NaCl) tn ti phong ph trong
t nhin di dng tinh th nh hatit hoc dng
dung dch (hm lng 2,6% trong nc bin)
hoc trong cc m ngun gc trm tch.
community [3145] : qun x, qun hp.
Mt nhm sinh vt (ang sng hay ha
thch) tn ti cng nhau v c mt h thng dinh
dng (dy hay mng thc n) hp nht hnh
thnh nhiu mc sinh thi sng khc nhau.
n: biotic community.
community evolution [3146] : tin ha
qun x.
S thay i v thnh phn v/hoc cu trc
ca mt qun x sinh vt qua thi gian a cht;
n c th xut hin nh s pht trin nhng vai
tr mi i vi cc sinh vt gi cho qun x
n nh, hoc nh s pht trin cc sinh vt mi
gi n nh vai tr ang c ca cng ng.
compact [3147] : cht, kt cht, rn chc, c
st, m t.
1- Ch cu trc kt cht ca mt loi t hoc
vi cc ht kt cht vi nhau.
2- Ch tnh trng kt cht ca t m mt
thng khng th nhn bit nhng ht hoc tinh
th cu to nn chng.
3- Ch cu trc mn ca vi nn xi mng
c hng thp.
4- m cht t tng dung trng, thng
p dng trong xy dng ng v nn mng.
compact ore [3148] : qung c st, kt khi.
compactability [3149] : tnh kt nn, c th
129
 m cht.
Thuc tnh ca loi vt liu trm tch khi b
tc ng ca p sut th gim khi lng v
dy, l mt hm s lin quan ti kch thc,
hnh dng, cng, rn ca cc ht trm tch
cu thnh.
compaction [3150] : ln cht, nn p.
1- Qu trnh chn vi hoc lm kh nh
khi t mt dn khng gian rng v tr nn
cht, c st hn, tng thm sc chu ti v
n nh ni chung trong xy dng; S m ln,
lm cht t bng cc bin php c gii vi cc
cng on nho, ln, m, rung.
X: consolidation. n: backfill.
2- S gim th tch ri gim dy hoc
khng gian hng ca mt thc th trm tch c
cu trc ht mn khi trng lng ca lp ph
trm tch lin tc ngy cng tng, hoc do sc
p sinh ra t s chuyn ng ca Tri t ln lp
v ca n. C th biu th bng s gim rng
hng do ht trm tch b nn p cht hn; Qu
trnh chuyn ha t trm tch c kin trc ht
mn thnh rn chc, nh t st chuyn thnh
phin st.
compaction curve [3151] : ng cong nn
p, ng cong m ln.
ng cong biu hin mi quan h gia t
trng (dung trng kh) v hm lng nc ca
mt loi t khi s dng p sut nn.
n: moisture-density curve.
compaction dry of optimum moisture
content [3152] : m kh.
m t m nh hn m ti u, gi
tt l m kh so vi m ti u.
compaction test [3153] : th nghim m ln.
Th nghim nhm xc nh hm lng nc
ti u nn mt loi t t ti t trng (dung
trng kh) cao nht. Cch lm: cho mu t vi
hm lng nc bit vo khun c kch thc
nh trc; nn ln mu mt lc c th iu
chnh c v tnh dung trng t c (ASCE
1958, iu 74). Lp li th nghim ny vi nhiu
hm lng nc khc nhau thit lp quan
h gia hm lng nc v dung trng. Di
mt ti trng bit, t trng ti u thng lm
cho t gn t ti sc bn cc i.
n: moisture-density test.
compaction wet of optimum moisture
content [3154] : m t.
m t vi m ln hn m ti u, gi
tt l m t so vi m ti u.
compartemental plate [3155] : phin ngn.
Yu t khung xng c khp cng lm nn
mt phn ca thnh v mt s V gip
Cirripedia. n: mural plate.
compass [3156] : a bn, dng c o v.
1- Dng c o phng hng: hoc a
bn t hoc a bn chuyn hi.
2- Dng c o v ng trn, o chuyn tip
hay chia khong cch.
compasses [3157] : a bn.
X: geological compasses.
compatibility equations of strain [3158] :
phng trnh tng hp bin dng.
compensated geoid [3159] : mt geoit.
Mt trong cc mt khc nhau gn trng vi
mt geoid v t c theo cng thc stoke hoc
phng trnh tng ng bng cch p dng d
thng trng lc tnh.
compensator [3160] : b b (b tr).
Mt cng c xc nh in p gia 2 im
trn mt t bng phng php b.
compiled map [3161] : bn tng hp cc
lp thng tin.
complete stress-strain curves [3162] : ng
cong ng sut-bin sut hon chnh.
complete tabula [3163] : tm y hon chnh.
Tm y San h ch gm mt nn i n.
complex [3164] : phc h.
Mt phn v c thnh phn v cu trc mt
ct phc tp, cha c liu xc lp thnh
mt trong cc phn v c bn ca thch a tng.
i vi cc thnh to bin cht, c s phn chia
thng l mc bin cht, bnh cu trc,
hoc bt chnh hp ln. i vi trm tch ni
la, phc h c dng phn chia nhng
thnh to c thnh phn v tnh xen k phc tp,
c khi lng ln m cha iu kin phn
thnh h tng. Phc h l phn v c dng
trong o v bn a cht. Phc h mang tn
a im phn b.
complex crater [3165] : ming ni la phc.
Ming ni la c ng knh ln nhng
tng i nng, to thnh do va p mnh ca
meteorite, c c trng bi phn nng trung
tm cn ming b st l v to thm.
complex cuspate foreland [3166] : mi, mm
t nhn phc tp.
Mi t nhn rt ln (hoc mm ni) nh ra
bin, trong s xm thc mt bn sn lm
cho ng b b ct ct v ly li. n thi bin
li, sau ng g b bin, m ly v cc ng
i xng khc pht trin song song vi ng
b mi.
complex dune [3167] : n ct phc hp.
Kiu n ct c hnh thnh t qu trnh tc
ng ca gi a chiu, to nn s xen ct ca
hai hay nhiu n khc nhau.
complex mountain [3168] : ni lin hp.
130
 Ni c s lin kt cc cu trc v cc dng
a hnh; ni c cu trc khng tun theo s
phn loi bnh thng.
complex resistivity [3169] : in tr phc.
S biu din in tr sut biu kin gm
phn thc v phn o, thng gp trong quan
trc s bin i in tr theo tn s ca phng
php o phn cc kch thch.
complex ripple mark [3170] : vt sng
phc tp.
n: interfence ripple mark.
complex spit [3171] : m ct phc tp.
M ct (doi ct) hay mi t un ngc li,
c mt hay nhiu mi ph (doi ph) pht trin
sui.
complex stream [3172] : dng lin hp.
Sng, sui thc hin chu k xm thc th hai
hoc chu k xm thc cui cng.
complex tombolo [3173] : bi ni o
lin hp.
H thng cc o ni lin vi nhau v vi t
lin bng bi ni o.
complex twin [3174] : song tinh phc hp.
Song tinh trong feldspar to bi hai song tinh
thng gc v hai song tinh song song.
complex variable theory [3175] : l thuyt
bin phc.
compliance [3176] : mm do, d un.
component stratotype [3177] : chun a tng
b phn, stratotyp b phn.
Mt trong nhiu on a tng to thnh
chun a tng lin hp, stratotyp lin hp.
components [3178] : cc thnh phn.
composit fault scarp [3179] : vch ng t
gy phc tp; sn t gy phc tp.
S bin v (dch chuyn) ca mt t m
chiu cao c c l kt qu ca s kt hp cc
hiu ng t gy v xm thc phn d.
composite [3180] : phc hp to nm.
Mt thut ng i khi c dng ch
mt phc hp to v nm trong mt mi
trng nc.
composite bar [3181] : thanh composit.
composite coast [3182] : b bin lin hp.
Thut ng dng ch b bin nguyn thy
to thnh do s bin dng (st ln hoc phnh
n) xy ra dc theo nhng ng thng gc vi
b bin v c trng bng cc mi nh v vng
vnh lm cc t l khc nhau.
composite cone [3183] : nn phc tp.
n: staratovolcano.
composite grain [3184] : ht ghp.
Loi ht trm tch c hnh thnh t s hp
to ca hai hay nhiu ht ring bit; c bit l
i vi mt ht vn carbonat c thnh to
bi t hp ca cc th vn cc, trng c, vn
khung xng sinh vt, vn to, vn ni bn.
composite profile [3185] : trc din hn hp.
Biu cc im cao nht ca mt lot lt
ct (trc din) c v dc theo cc ng
thng song song v mt s ng cch c iu
tit trn bn .
composite ripple mark [3186] : du vt gn
sng phc hp.
Loi du vt gn sng xin to nn t hai h
thng sng ct nhau m khng h thng no
song song vi cc nh sng.
composite section [3187] : mt ct lin hp.
Mt ct nghing hoc ng, c xy dng
bng lin hp, lin kt t liu ca nhng mt ct
khc nhau, t nhiu song song vi nhau.
composite sequence [3188] : trnh t lin hp.
Trnh t ca cc lp c thnh phn thch hc
khc nhau (s lin tc ca trm tch mang tnh
chu k) theo trt t m chng thng xut hin,
thng c lp t s liu thng k theo s lin
tc ca cc hin ti.
composite stratotype [3189] : chun a tng
lin hp, stratotyp lin hp.
c hnh thnh t tp hp mt s on a
tng c trng ca chun a tng b phn. Do
mt n v thch a tng c th khng c y
mt mt ct, ngi ta cn chn mt mt ct
lm chun cho phn di, v mt mt ct khc
lm chun cho phn trn ca phn v. Trong
trng hp , mt trong hai mt ct b phn
ny s c chn l chun a tng nguyn thy
(holostratotyp), mt ct kia l chun a tng b
sung (parastratotyp). Chun a tng (stratotyp)
ca phn v a tng cp cao bao gm nhiu
chun a tng ca cc phn v b phn cng
c gi l chun a tng lin hp.
composite topography [3190] : a hnh
phc tp.
Cnh quan m c im a hnh c pht
trin trong hai hay nhiu chu k xm thc.
composite unconformity [3191] : khng
chnh hp lin hp.
Khng chnh hp th hin nhiu giai on
khng c trm tch v b bo mn trong lch s
a cht vng nghin cu.
composition paragenesis diagram [3192] :
biu cng sinh thnh phn.
Tn ch bt k biu th hin mi quan h
gia thnh phn ha ca tng v cc t hp
cng sinh khong vt trong nhn bin cht,
c thnh to di s khng ch ca nhng
iu kin bn ngoi, v d biu ACF, A'KF,
AFM, v.v.
131
 compound alluvial fan [3193] : qut bi tch
hn hp.
X: bajada; alluvial; apron; alluvial plain.
compound eye [3194] : mt kp, mt
phc hp.
Mt ng vt Chn khp, v c bn gm
mt s lng ln mt rt nh nm st nhau c
chung mt dy thn kinh th gic.
compound operculum [3195] : np phc.
Np ca mt Flagellate do hai hoc nhiu
mnh ring bit kt hp li.
compound pellet [3196] : vn cc a
thnh phn.
Th vn cc kch thc c bt, ct, si hoc
ln hn c gc gc t vi kt cc vi xi mng
vi tinh hoc ton tinh, i khi c cha vt liu
nn hoc vt liu lp y khe h.
compound ripple mark [3197] : vt sng
phc tp.
Du vt hay mc sng phc tp, gm mt
lot vt sng pht trin theo nhiu hng
khc nhau.
compound shoreline [3198] : ng b bin
lin hp (hay ng b lin kt).
ng b bin ch s pht trin rt r rng
cc im c trng ca t nht hai trong s cc
ng b sau; ng b chm, ng b ni v
ng b trung gian. V d: ni trc y ng
b ngp c nng ln mt t song khng
ph hy hiu ng chm hoc ni ng b chm
b phn ct mt t, do vy ng bng ven b
(ng bng duyn hi) b ngp nc.
compound skeleton wall [3199] : thnh khung
xng phc hp.
Thnh vch Ru ng vt Stenolaemata
nm st biu b pha ra tng trng v hai bn,
thng to ra mt mu vi cu trc i xng
hai bn.
compound valley glacier [3200] : thung lng
bng h phc tp.
Bng h (sng bng) do hai hoc nhiu dng
bng n l xut pht t cc thung lng nhnh
khc nhau.
compound volcano [3201] : ni la hp phn.
Mt ni la gm hai hoc nhiu hng ni
la, hoc ni la c mt vm ni la lin kt.
Cc hng ni la, vm ni la lin kt nm
trong ming ni la hoc trn sn ni la. V
d: ni la Vesuvius v Mont Pel.
comprehensive utilization of mineral
resources [3202] : s dng t hp nguyn liu
khong, s dng hp l nguyn liu
khong sn.
S dng trit (ton b) v c hiu qu nht
khong sn chnh v khong sn ph i km
cng nh cc hp phn qy cha trong qung.
S dng t hp nguyn liu khong lm tng
hiu qu khai thc lng t v tim nng kinh t
ca m khong, to iu kin pht trin cng
ngh ch bin nguyn liu khng c v t ph
thi nhm bo v mi trng.
compreignacite [3203] : compreignacit.
Khong vt th sinh, mu vng:
K2U6O19.11H2O.
compressibility [3204] : , kh nng nn, c
tnh nn ln, t c tnh nn ln .
Tnh cht ca t, chng li kh nng
gim th tch khi b lc bn ngoi tc dng.
compression [3205] : nn p (cctr).
H lc hoc ng sut vi xu hng gim bt
th tch hoc rt ngn mt vt th, hoc s thay
i th tch ca mt thc th di tc dng ca
mt h lc hoc ng sut.
compression ratio [3206] : h s nn.
compression curve [3207] : ng cong nn.
compression failure [3208] : ph hy do nn.
S ph hy do nn, do vt liu t n
gii hn bn vng hoc do un dc hoc do
c hai.
compression index [3209] : ch s nn.
compression strength [3210] : sc bn nn.
Kh nng chu nn p ca mt vt th trong
nhng iu kin nht nh trc khi b ph hy.
compression test [3211] : th nghim nn.
compression test machine [3212] : thit b th
nghim nn.
compressive [3213] : nn.
compressive failure of a roof beam [3214] :
ph hy nn ca mi dm.
compressive strength [3215] : bn nn,
cng nn, cng khng nn, cng
chu nn.
ng sut nn cc i tc dng vo mt vt
th trc khi vt liu b ph hy. C th hiu
l ti trng trn mt n v din tch ti thi
im mt mu t trong th nghim nn khng
n hng b ph hy.
compressive stress [3216] : ng sut nn.
ng sut php tuyn vi xu hng dn nn
vt th t hai pha i din ca mt mt phng
thc hoc o.
X: compressive strength. Ss: tensile stress.
computational methods of stress analysis
[3217] : cc phng php phn tch ng sut
s tr.
Trong a s cc trng hp thi cng cng
trnh vi cc iu kin thc t phc tp nh c
im hnh hc, tnh khng ng nht ca
khi, tnh phi tuyn ca phng trnh cu
132
thnh,... khng th xc nh c cc thng s
v phn b ng sut, dch chuyn,... mt cch
chnh xc bng phng php gii tch. Khi ,
ngi ta phi s dng cc phng php s tr,
t c li gii gn ng vi s gip ca
my tnh. Cc phng php phn tch ng sut
s tr c chia thnh 2 loi tch bit l vi phn
v tch phn. Trong cc phng php vi phn,
trng ang quan tm c chia nh thnh cc
phn t. Sau tm mt li gii s tr gn ng
i vi phng trnh tng qut, kt qu ca mt
s thao tc bin i cc phng trnh cn bng
vi phn, phng trnh cu thnh v quan h ng
sut- bin dng v phng trnh tng hp bin
dng (phng php sai phn hu hn). Mt
phng php vi phn ph bin khc, phng
php phn t hu hn, li i tm li gii gn
ng v s kt ni gia cc phn t v tnh lin
tc ca ng sut v dch chuyn gia chng. Cc
phng php vi phn c th gii nhng bi ton
phi tuyn v khng ng nht nhng sai s xy
ra mi phn t ca trng. Cc phng php
tch phn, chng hn phng php phn t bin,
li ch i tm li gii cho cc n s ng sut v
dch chuyn ti bin ca bi ton. Tc l ch cn
chia nh bin ra thnh cc phn t, v do vy, so
vi cc phng php vi phn, gim i c rt
nhiu n s cn tm nghim. Sai s ch xy ra
bin v mc nhin p ng c tnh lin tc
trong bin thin ng sut v dch chuyn ca
ton b trng. Tuy nhin, phng php ny li
ch thch hp vi cc bi ton tuyn tnh, vi
mi trng vt cht n hi v ng nht.
computational models of blasting [3218] :
m hnh n mn s tr.
computer graphics [3219] : th my tnh.
Bn , hnh, gin , biu thnh lp
trc tip t s liu, lu gi trong my tnh v
thch hp cho vic in n vi cng lp ti thiu.
computer processing [3220] : x l s liu
trn my tnh.
concave cross bedding [3221] : phn lp
xin lm.
concavo convex [3222] : lm-li.
V Tay cun c mnh lng lm v mnh
bng li.
concealed pediment [3223] : pediment
chn vi.
Pediment (hay ng bng trc ni) b
chn vi bi lp bi tch mng do ng bng
bi tch chn ni ln chim. Thng thng do
mc nc c s c nng ln.
concentrated flow [3224] : dng chy
tp trung.
Dng chy trong lng dn.
concentrates [3225] : c c, tinh qung.
concentration coefficient [3226] : h s
tp trung.
L t s hm lng trung bnh ca nguyn t
ha hc trong i tng nghin cu khong vt
hoc so vi tr s Clark ca n.
concentration of stress [3227] : tp trung
ng sut.
conch [3228] : v, v cun.
on v pht trin sau phng phi Chn
u; loi v cun xon ca Chn bng bin c
ln, cng gi chnh cc loi c ; v ca
Thn mm hai mnh v Tay cun.
conchal furrow [3229] : rnh v.
Rnh nng gia bng vch bn trong ca
v Nautiloidea.
conchology [3230] : mn hc v v.
Mn hc nghin cu v ca ho thch v
sinh vt ang sng.
concordant [3231] : chnh hp, ph hp,
khp u .
1- Trng thi song song ca cc lp theo
phn lp hoc cu trc. Thut ng c th dng
ni m s gin on khng th nhn bit, nhng
cng khng th bc b c.
2- Thng ch tui phng x, c xc nh
t nht bng hai phng php v nhy phn
tch ca cc phng php ny nh nhau; Ch
tui phng x c xc nh trn nhng khong
vt cng sinh bng phng php ging nhau c
tui nh nhau; Trong mt ngha hn ch hn,
khi nim ny c s dng ch s tng
ng v tui c xc nh bng cc phng
php nh 238U_206Pb, 235U_207Pb, 207Pb_206Pb v
232
Th_208Pb vi sai s thc nghim v cho cng
mt khong vt.
concordant bedding [3232] : phn lp
chnh hp.
Kiu cu to trm tch vi cc lp song song
v khng c tip xc dng gc.
n: parallel bedding.
concordant coastline [3233] : ng b
thun hng.
ng b ni chung trng vi phng chnh
ca cu trc a cht (nh cc dy ni v cc ai
un np) v to thnh ranh gii ca bin (hay
i dng).
concrescence [3234] : s lin trng.
S ln ln ng thi hoc kt hp vi nhau
ca nhng phn lc u tch bit nhau, v d s
ghp li vi nhau ca cc gai ta tia b xng
Trng tia.
concrete [3235] : b tng, cng tc b tng,
trn b tng.
1- Hn hp ca xi mng, ct liu ct, v
133
nc, ng kt v rn li nh .
2- Ch cng tc b tng.
concrete pile [3236] : cc b tng.
Cc di, mnh, bng thp hay b tng ct
thp ng lc trc c t trong mng. Cc
ny c th c ng xung t hay c c
ti ch ty thuc vo phng php thi cng.
concretion [3237] : kt hch.
Mt khi c st, cng chc hoc mt tp hp
vt liu khong hnh a, dt hoc gn c dng
cu, thnh to do qu trnh tch t ng tm
xung quanh mt vt th nhn nh vn khung
xng, ho , vn lc nguyn,...trong dung
dch nc.
concretionary [3238] : cu to kt vn.
c c trng bi c cha hoc sinh ra cc
th kt hch; v d nh loi st kt hch c
thnh phn l carbonat st cng vi st v calcit,
hoc kin trc kt hch dng i c trng bi
cc v ng tm c tnh cht hi khc nhau do
s bin ng trong qu trnh pht trin ca
chng.
condensation [3239] : qu trnh nn cht.
Qu trnh lm mng mt thn qung hay mt
h tng trm tch xy ra ng thi vi qu trnh
trm tch do p sut thy tnh ln trong qu
trnh ha tan dc theo ranh gii ht vn.
condensed succession [3240] : phn v a
tng nn.
Mt phn v a tng tng i mng c
tch t rt chm nhng khng gin on trong
mt khong thi gian nht nh, tng ng vi
thi gian ca mt h tng dy mt ni khc
trong cng bn hoc vng trm tch.
condensed system [3241] : h thng m c.
1- H thng ha hc trong p lc hi nc
khng ng k, c th b qua.
2- H thng ha hc trong p lc ca h
thng ln hn p lc hi nc bt k phn
no.
conditional resources [3242] : ti nguyn c
iu kin.
X: identified subeconomic resources.
conduit [3243] : knh dn nc; hng ni la.
1- ng dn nc di p lc thy tnh.
2- Hng ni la, knh dn nc ngm trong
hng ni la.
condyle [3244] : mu khp, mu, li cu.
Mu c i xp i din nhau Ru ng
vt Cheilostamata, trn quay hoc treo np
ca c th t dng, hm ca c th u chim,
hoc lng cng ca gai rung; Trng tia
Acantharina l mt mu li ln trn mt v;
ng vt c xng sng l u trn n vo khp
ca mt ng xng.
cone [3245] : hnh nn; qu nn.
1- (m) i, ni hoc cc kiu a hnh khc
nhn nh, sn dc ging chic nn. V d:
nn bi tch (aluvial cone); Mt kiu qut bi
tch ngm di bin. Thut ng thng c s
dng m t qut bin su i cng vi mt
tam gic chu tch cc ln, nh Mississippi,
Nile, Ganges (Kelling v Stanley, 1976).
2- (cs) Nhnh sinh sn mang nhm ht xp
hnh vy c, hoc cc vy mang bo t hay bo
t dip nh Thng hoc Thch tng.
cone delta [3246] : chu th hnh nn.
X: alluvial cone.
cone in cone coal [3247]: than nn chng nn.
Loi than c cu to "nn chng nn".
n: crystallized coal.
cone in cone structure [3248] : cu to "nn
chng nn".
1-(trt) Kiu cu to trm tch th yu trong
cc lp mng, thng l cha vi, ca mt s
loi phin v nhng phn bn ngoi ca cc
kt hch ln. N tng t nh cc nn hnh trn
chng kht ln nhau nhng nh chc xung
pha di, ngn cch nhau bng nhng mng
st, v thng cha calcit dng si, i khi c
siderit hay thch cao.
2-(th) Mt cu trc ni la nn tr hoc
nn pht trin bn trong nn nguyn sinh.
cone karst cockpit karst [3249] : karst
hnh nn.
X: cockpit karst.
cone of dejection [3250] : nn bi tch.
Nn phng vt vt liu th c thnh to
ni dng cung lu dng ln t mt thung lng
hp trn ng bng, hoc chi xung mt bn
b sn thung lng.
cone of depression [3251] : nn st ln, trng
hnh nn; nn gim p, phu h thp.
1- (m) Min trng hnh nn ngc pht trin
xung quanh mt ngun nc chy. N c
nh ngha nh l vng chu nh hng ca
ngun nc.
n: cone of exhaustion.
2- (cthv) Vng lm hnh phu ca mt nc
ngm xut hin xung quanh ging khoan khi
bm nc th nghim.
cone of detritus [3252] : nn bi tch.
X: alluvial cone.
cone of pressure relief [3253] : nn p lc
a hnh.
Nn ca trng st (hay phu thu nc) nc
ngm. Theo nh ngha th "mt tng tng ch
trng thi a hnh nng (p nn) do khai thc
nc ngm".
134
 cone penetration [3254] : xuyn cn, th
nghim xuyn cn.
Th nghim xuyn tnh xc nh sc khng
xuyn ca t nn.
cone penetrometer [3255] : thit b xuyn
tnh, thit b xuyn cn.
cone sheet [3256]: va hnh nn, dike vng nn.
Th vch (tng) trn bnh un cong, cm
gc t 30o n 45o v pha tm cung trn;
thng xut hin mt lot vch ng tm, hnh
nh trong c s hi t ca cc l magma;
thng thng lin quan vi cc ai vng.
conferva peat [3257] : than bn conferva;
than bn to nc ngt.
Loi than bn c ngun gc ch yu t th
to dng si thuc ging Tribonema.
confidence level [3258] : mc tin cy.
confidence limit [3259] : gii hn tin cy.
Gi tr ln nht v nh nht khi o ri vo
mt xc sut xc nh. X: confidenu interval.
configuration [3260] : hnh dng, hnh th.
1- Hnh th hay hnh dng ca mt phn b
mt Tri t i vi ng nt nm ngang, cao
, v tr tng i so vi cc phn khc ca
b mt.
2- a hnh ca mt vng (khu vc) c th
hin bng bn ng ng mc in hnh,
ni khong cch ca ng ng mc ng
vi dc a hnh ca vng (ASCE,1954).
confined aquyfer [3261] : tng cha nc b
chn, tng cha nc c p.
Tng cha nc b chn trn v di bi
cc tng khng thm nc hoc c thm
nc thp hn tng cha nc gia.
n: artesian aquyfer.
confined compression test [3262] :
Th nghim nn 3 trc, th nghim nn c
n hng.
confined ground water [3263] : nc di t
c p. n: confined water, piestic water,
artesian water..
confining bed [3264] : tng chn.
Tng vt cht khng hoc km thm nc
hn tip gip v mt a tng vi mt hoc nhiu
tng cha nc.
Ss: aquytard; aquyfuge; aquyclude.
confining pressure [3265] : p sut xung
quanh, p sut bn ngoi, p sut hng.
1- p lc bn ngoi, p lc xung quanh tc
dng ln mu t.
2- p sut bng nhau v mi hng, v d, p
sut a tnh, p sut thy tnh.
confluence [3266]: ni hp dng, ng ba sng.
Ni hp dng ca cc con sng (sui) hoc
ni sng nhnh vo sng chnh. .
confluence plain [3267]: ng bng hp nht.
ng bng c thnh to do hp nht b
mt thung lng ca hai hay nhiu sng sui.
conformability [3268] : tnh chnh hp, tnh
khp u.
c trng, trng thi hay iu kin chnh
hp, v d nh mi quan h ca cc lp chnh
hp.
X: conformity.
conformable [3269] : chnh hp, ph hp (t).
Cc tng hoc s phn tng c trnh t khng
b t on, cc lp c hnh thnh lp ny
trn lp khc theo trt t song song c quy lut,
lin tc tch t trong iu kin ging nhau; s
tip xc (t ngt, chuyn tip t t, xen k)
gia cc tng . Khi nim ny thng c
dng cho mt h tng tr hn nm song song vi
mt lp ca h tng c trc khng km theo s
ph hy hay bo mn. Ss: unconformable;
concordant.
conformity [3270] : chnh hp.
1- Mi lin h tng h v n nh gia cc
tng trm tch lin k c tch t theo ng
trnh t, s sai lc v thi gian khng c hoc
khng r rng, tnh lin tc a tng ca cc lp
khng km theo cc biu hin nh lp nm di
b un, nghing, bc mn trc khi tch t
lp trn.
n: conformability.
2- B mt phn chia tng tr hn vi tng c
hn, gia chng khng c cc du hiu t nhin
v mt bo mn, nghing trm tch v khng c
gin on ng k.
congelifract [3271] : tng v bng h.
Mt mnh gc cnh b nt tch do tc
ng ca qu trnh bng gi, kch thc thay
i.
n: gelifract.
congelifractate [3272] : vn v do bng h.
Mt khi cc mnh vn kch thc khc
nhau hnh thnh do tc ng ca qu trnh
bng gi.
conglomerate [3273] : cui kt.
Loi trm tch mnh vn ht th, thnh
phn bao gm cc mnh vn trn cnh, bn trn
cnh vi kch thc ln hn 2 mm trn nn ct
hoc bt ht mn, v thng c xi mng
carbonat calci, oxid st, silic gn kt. Cui kt
c th c phn loi trn c s thnh phn
mnh vn, hm lng phn nn, chn lc,
kiu xi mng, mi trng thnh to.
n: puddingstone.
conglomeratic sandstone [3274] : ct kt
cha cui.
135
 1- Loi ct kt cha 5-30% si cui v c t
l ct/bn(bt + st) ln hn 9/1.
2- Loi ct kt cha trn 20% cui.
congolite [3275] : congolit.
Khong vt h ba phng:
(Fe,Mg,Mn)3B7O13Cl, lng tnh vi ericait.
conichalcite [3276] : conichalcit.
Khong vt mu xanh h trng n xanh
emrt: CaCu(AsO4)(OH), thng
phospho.
n: higinsite.
conidiospore [3277] : bo t nh.
Bo t nm c v chitin v xut hin nh mt
vi ha thch trong qu trnh gia cng bo t
phn hoa.
conidium [3278] : bo t nh.
Bo t hnh thnh bn ngoi cc t bo sinh
ra chng. Bo t nh c ngun gc ngoi sinh,
rt t khi bn ni sinh, l bo t sinh sn c
trng cho nhiu loi nm ti v nm khuyt.
conifer [3279] : thc vt l kim.
Cy ht trn thuc lp Coniferac c l hnh
kim hay dng vy c ht trn mc trong qu
nn, bao gm thng, tng , bch, v.v.
coning [3280] : khi nc hay khi hnh nn.
1- Khi nc mn hnh nn xut hin bn
di ging khoan sau mt thi gian khai thc
nc nht (do s li ko nc mn nm pha
di ln pha y ging.
2- Khi nc hnh nn xut hin di ging
khoan khai thc du kh.
3- Khi khi-bi hnh nn ngc thot ra t
ming ng x kh thi ca nh my ta ln
khng trung.
connate water [3281] : nc chn vi.
Nc c chn gi t nhin trong cc l
hng ca trm tch t khi chng lng ng v
cn lu gi cho n ngy nay. n: fossil water.
connecting band [3282] : di ni.
Di hnh vnh ai mp ra hay lp o ca
v To silic; Tay cun l mt phn ca quai
tay ni cc nhnh i xung vi vch gia, hoc
ni cc nhnh i ln v cc nhnh i xung
pha sau khc cong pha trc ca chng.
connecting bar [3283] : doi ct ni lin.
chn ct, c ni hai u vi t lin.
connecting lobe [3284] : di ni.
Di hnh vnh khn mp ra hay lp o ca
v To silic; Tay cun l mt phn ca quai
tay ni cc nhnh i xung vi vch gia, hoc
ni cc nhnh i ln v cc nhnh i xung
pha sau khc cong pha trc ca chng.
connective suture [3285] : ng khu ni.
ng khu c i trn u B ba thy, ni
chung hon chnh pha bng, gii hn cc bn
ca phin chy.
connector bar [3286] : thanh ni.
Thanh ni cc di vng ng khung xng
Trng tia vi v mng, nh phn b
Trissocyclinae.
connellite [3287] : conelit.
Khong vt mu xanh sm:
Cu19Cl4(SO4)(OH)32.3H2O, ng hnh vi
cha butgenbachit.
n: futeite.
conodont [3288] : Rng nn .
(Conodontophorida).
Yu t ha thch nh, ri nhau c xp vo
mt b, c thnh phn phosphat, v thng c
hnh rng nhng khng c chc nng y, xp
sp c i song phng thuc mt ng vt bin
di ng cha r hnh th, thng thy rt nhiu
dng ha thch, phn b rng ri v rt c ch
trong sinh a tng hc. Tui: Cambri (c th
Tin Cambri mun) n Trias thng.
conodont element [3289] : yu t Rng nn.
Mt n v hay mu y ca Rng nn, v
d: yu t Rng nn phc hp, yu t Rng nn
dng phin, v.v.
conoscope [3290] :
Dng chm sng hi t hnh nn, xuyn qua
mu phn tch, to hnh giao thoa di knh hin
vi phn cc.
conotheca [3291] : v nn.
V hnh nn c mt ming trn nh nm
cui mt c ngn pht trin khng u cc
qun th Bt dng ng; ng vt Chn u
v ngoi l v ngoi, v Chn u v trong l
v trong.
consanguinity [3292] : quan h ngun gc.
Quan h sinh thnh gia cc magma c
tch ra t mt magma m. Nhng ny
cng sinh cht ch vi nhau trong khng gian v
thi gian, c chung v tr a cht v nhng c
im khong vt v ha hc.
consequent [3293] :
1- c im a cht hay a hnh thnh to
ph hp vi iu kin hay c im c trc. V
d: ni thun hng (nh vng np ni trng vi
trc im cao); o sinh cng nm lng h
(vn gi nguyn cao trn mc nc h nh
khi xut hin h), thc nc.
2- Sng sui hay thung lng c dng chy
c khng ch (hoc ph thuc) bi dng a
hnh chung v nghing ca b mt.
consequent divide [3294] : ng phn thy
thun hng.
ng phn thy thun hng gia hai
con sui.
consequent lake [3295] : h thun hng.
136
 H chim gi vng trng th hin tnh bt
cn i ban u trn bt k mt t mi no.
consequent stream [3296] : dng chy thun
hng (dng xui theo va).
Sng sui xut hin trn b mt va c
thnh to, chy theo hng nghing ban u
v c hnh dng ca b mt . Sng sui c
hng chy hon ton lin quan trc tip vi
mt nghing (dc) nguyn thy ca a hnh v
cu trc a cht khu vc.
consistency [3297] : st, c, qunh,
tnh nht qun.
iu kin thun li tng i t c th b
bin dng. Thut ng ch cht, dnh kt,
hoc sc khng ct, gy hoc lm bin dng,
thng bng tay ca t. Mc bin dng
tng i ca mt khi t, thng c chia ra
lm 6 loi t thp n cao nh sau: rt mm,
mm, trung bnh, cht, rt cht, cng.
consistency index [3298] : ch s cht,
qunh, ch s st.
L t s gia hiu ca ch s chy v m
t nhin trn ch s do.
n: relative consistency.
consistency limits [3299] : gii hn st.
X: Atterberg limits.
console [3300] : consol (cng xn).
consolidate [3301] : c kt t.
C kt t di tc dng ca ti trng.
consolidated drained (CD) shear test [3302]:
th nghim ct chm (c kt, thot nc).
Th nghim xc nh c trng chng ct ca
t bng cch cht ti thng ng ln mu t,
i cho mu ln xong mi tc dng lc ct vi
tc chm. Nh vy, di nh hng ca c
lc nn ln lc ct, p lc nc l rng c
tiu thot ht. Cc thng s sc bn ct trong
trng hp ny c k hiu ', C'.
consolidated undrained (CU) shear test
[3303] : th nghim ct CU ( c kt - khng
thot nc).
Th nghim ct nhanh - c kt xc nh c
trng chng ct ca t. Khi mu n nh di
p lc nn mi tc dng lc ct. Trong trng
hp ny, p lc nc l rng kp thi tiu
thot di tc dng ca ti trng nn nhng
cha kp tiu tn di nh hng ca lc ct.
Cc thng s sc bn ct k hiu l:
((uu),C(uu)).
consolidation [3304] : qu trnh gn kt, qu
trnh ng ha; ng cng; c kt.
Qu trnh m qua cc vt liu b ri, t
mm nho tr nn cng chc v kt gn thnh
; c bit l s ng cng ca dung nham
magma to thnh mt loi magma, hoc qu
trnh to lm cho cc vt liu trm tch b ri
c kt gn thnh mt loi trm tch.
consolidation settlement [3305] : ln ca
t nn do c kt.
ln do c kt s cp v th cp.
consolidation test [3306] : th nghim nn c
kt bng Oedometer.
consolidation test apparatus [3307] : ng
h, dng c, thit b o c kt, c kt k, thit
b nn c kt, thit b oedometer.
X: oedometer.
consolidometer [3308] : Oedometer, thit b
th nghim nn c kt.
consortium [3309] : qun hp khc ngnh.
Nhm lin kt rt gn b ca cc c th
thuc nhiu loi sinh vt sng vi nhau, nhng
thuc nhng ngnh khc nhau.
constant error [3310] : sai s h thng.
L sai s khng i v ln v du sau mt
lot o c, quan st (iu kin o c khng
thay i) v c mt h qu ging nhau trong
ton b cc ln o c hay quan st- l sai s
ch s (index error) ca mt dng c o lng
chnh xc. n: systematic error.
constant head permeameter test [3311] :
Th nghim xc nh tnh thm, h s thm
ca t nn vi ct nc, p lc nc khng i.
constant rate of increase of stress test
[3312]: th nghim nn vi tc gia tng p
lc khng i (c nh).
constant rate of strain test [3313] : th
nghim nn vi tc bin dng khng i.
constant slope [3314] : mi dc khng i.
B mt phng ca sn i, di b mt
thng thong, xc nh bi gc ngh ca vt liu
b xi mn, hp vi phn chn dc to thnh
mt gc nhn. Ss: gravity slope: mi dc trng
trng. mi dc vn t . n: debris slope.
constitutive behavior [3315] : hnh vi
cu thnh.
Khi nim dng biu th mt cch nh
tnh mi lin h gia ng sut v bin dng ca
mt vt liu chu ti.
constructional [3316] : cu trc, kt cu.
1- a hnh c ngun gc hoc c tnh
chung i vi cc qu trnh (bi p, to ni,
phun tro).
2- Sng sui hay kiu sng, sui c thnh
to bi dng chy xut pht t a hnh cu trc.
constructional void porosity [3317] : l
hng nguyn sinh.
l hng nguyn sinh hnh thnh gia cc
ht trong loi carbonat.
137
 contact [3318] : tip xc.
B mt gia hai cht trong mt bn cha nh
du v kh, du v nc, kh v nc. .
contact breccia [3319] : dm kt tip xc.
Dm kt bao quanh th xm nhp magma,
c thnh to do s v vn ca vy quanh
v chnh phn ngoi cng ca khi magma khi
magma xm nhp vo vy quanh. Thnh phn
ca dm gm c xm nhp v vy quanh.
contact mineral [3320] : khong vt tip xc.
Khong vt c hnh thnh do bin cht-
tip xc.
contact pressure [3321] : p lc tip xc.
V d p lc tip xc gia y mng v
t nn.
contact twin [3322] : song tinh tip xc.
Tinh th song tinh, hai n th sp xp i
xng theo mt song tinh. n: juxtaposition twin.
contaminant [3323] : cht gy nhim,
tp cht.
Cc cht v c hay hu c, ngun gc t
nhin hay nhn to, th lng, rn hay kh v
cc vi khun gy bnh c kh nng lm suy
thoi cht lng mi trng, nh hng xu n
i sng con ngi v sinh vt. n: pollutant.
contamination [3324] : nhim (nhim bn);
hn nhim.
1- (cthv) S xm nhp hay gia tng nhng
cht c hi hay yu t bt li vt qu gii hn
cho php t bn ngoi vo mt (mt s) thnh
phn mi trng (khng kh, nc, t,...), lm
bin i trng thi nguyn thy bnh thng ca
chng v nh hng tiu cc n sc khe con
ngi v sinh vt. nhim v nhim bn l 2 t
ng ngha (ngun nc b nhim = ngun
nc b nhim bn) nhng trong ting Vit c
trng hp chng khng th dng thay th c
cho nhau. V d: ngi ta ni: nhim ting n,
nhim nhit... m khng ni: nhim bn ting
n, nhim bn nhit, v.v. n: pollution.
2- (th) Qu trnh lm thay i thnh phn ha
hc ca magma do s ng ha cc bao th hoc
vy quanh khi b cun vo magma c nhit
nng chy cao hn nhit thnh to.
contemporaneous deformation [3325] : bin
dng cng thi.
S bin dng ca cc trm tch xy ra trong
qu trnh hoc ngay sau qu trnh tch t chng.
n: penecontemporaneous deformation.
contempt [3326] : xm thc a phng.
Xm thc a phng (cc b) xy ra trong
khi ni khc xy ra qu trnh trm tch ni
chung.
content [3327] : ni dung, hm lng.
X: grade.
continens [3328] : vng c mu pht , vng,
da cam trn b mt ca Sao Ha.
Sn: continentes.
continent [3329] : lc a, i lc.
1- Mt trong nhng khi lc a chnh trn
Tri t, k c t lin v thm lc a.
2- Thut ng c, nay rt t dng "t trng"
(terra). Tt: continental.
continental [3330] : lc a.
c hnh thnh lc a. V d: trm tch
h, m, trm tch sng, trm tch do gi hoc
trm tch ni la.
continental accretion [3331] : tng trng lc
a, bi kt lc a.
Cc lc a tng trng do tiu bin cc bn
i dng, do s b sung dn dn vt liu lc
a mi xung quanh mt nhn nguyn thy. Vt
liu mi tch ng trong nhng ai a mng
ng tm, ln lt c c kt bi qu trnh to
ni v tip tc xut hin mt ai mi. Ngy nay
lun im ny thiu sc thuyt phc.
X: accretion (kt).
continental alluvium [3332] : aluvi hay bi
tch lc a.
c to nn do xm thc vng t cao,
c sng sui vn chuyn v lng ng to
thnh ng bng rng ln.
continental apron [3333] : chn lc a,
ngng vch chn lc a.
X: continental rise.
continental basin [3334] : bn trm tch
lc a.
Min bn trong lc a c mt hay nhiu bn
trng kn.
continental borderland [3335] : i ra lc
a, t ra lc a.
Din tch hay min thuc dim lc a nm
gia ng b v sn lc a, c a hnh phc
tp hn thm lc a, nhiu vng nng v min
trng, c ni su hn thm lc a. Th d i
ra lc a nam California.
continental climate [3336] : kh hu lc a.
Kh hu trong lc a c trng bi s thay
i cc oan ca nhit theo ma v bi nhit
cao nht v thp nht t c ngay sau H
ch v ng ch.
continental crust [3337] : v lc a.
L mt kiu ca v Tri t ngay di lc
a v thm lc a, c thnh phn sial, chiu
dy khong 35 km n 60 km cc dy ni. T
trng ca lp trn cng ca v lc a l
2,7g/cm3, v tc ca sng a chn nh hn
70 km/sec.
138
 continental deposit [3338] : trm tch lc a.
Trm tch lng ng ngay trn lc a, o
hoc trong cc h nc khng lin quan n i
dng, bin, v d nh bi tch, bng tch, phong
tch, v.v. c thnh to trong mi trng khng
phi l bin. X: terrestrial deposit.
continental displacement [3339] : tri dt lc
a, di chuyn lc a.
Thut ng tng qut ca hc thuyt do
Wegener xng vo nm 1912, v thng
cng c gi l continental drift. Wegener cho
rng s tri dt ca cc mng ln v lc a
(sial) chuyn ng t do trn lp di ca v i
dng (sima), nhng c ch nh vy khng
chinh phc c cc nh a cht trong nhiu
thp nin. Bng chng mi c pht hin v
c ch hp l hn c xut v v th hc hnh c b mt nhn, phng, mc d c th c
thuyt c chp nhn rng ri hn : Cc lc
a c c nh trong s lin quan vi nhau,
nhng Tri t th nh c gin ra li cc
ng nt ngy cng ln hn gia i dng;
Cc lc a chuyn ng tng i vi nhau bi
tch gin y bin dc theo sng ni hoc rift,
to nn vng i dng mi gia cc lc a;
hoc cc khi chuyn ng xa dn cc sng ni
gia i dng, bao gm cc mng to nn bi
v i dng v v lc a, c chuyn ng c
lp vi nhau.
n: displacement theory; Wegener
hypothesis; epeirophoresis theory; continental
migration.
continental divide [3340] : ng phn thy
lc a.
S phn chia mng sng sui phn cch dng
chy v pha cc sn i din trong lc a.
continental drift [3341] : tri dt lc a.
X: continental displacement.
continental glacier [3342] : lp ph bng lc
a, bng lc a.
1- Lp bng c chiu dy ln ph hon ton
mt phn rng ln ca lc a hoc mt vng c
quy m n 50.000 km2 che lp b mt a hnh
v d nh lp bng ph Nam cc, Greenland.
n: continental ice sheetj continental ice;
icesheet.
2- Mt lp bng trong mi trng kh hu lc
a, khng phi l mi trng kh hu bin.
Khng nn dng.
continental margin [3343] : dim lc a, ra
lc a, ranh gii lc a.
Phn y i dng nm gia ng b v
y bin su, gm c: thm lc a (continental
shelf), i ven ra lc a (continental -
borderland) sn lc a (continental slope) v
chn lc a (continental rise).
continental migration [3344]: tri dt lc a.
n: continental displacement.
continental nucleus [3345] : nhn lc a, tm
lc a, khin lc a (kt).
n: shield.
continental period [3346] : thi k lc a.
Khong thi gian khi mt vng nng ln trn
mc nc bin thnh to nn mt phn ca v
lc a.
continental platform [3347] : thm lc a.
n: continental shelf.
continental rise [3348] : chn lc a.
Phn ca ra lc a nm gia sn lc a
(continental slope) v ng bng bin thm, tr
h trng i dng; l ni cu trc n nghing,
thoi vi dc 1:40-1:2000 v ni chung a
nhng hm vc bin.
continental river [3349] : sng ni lc.
Sng khng c li thot ra bin. Nc sng
mt i do bc hi hoc do thm thu.
continental sea [3350] : bin ni lc.
Bin trong lc a, v d bin L Hi
(Kaspien). n: epicontinental sea.
continental shelf [3351] : thm lc a.
Mt phn ca ra lc a, nm gia ng b
bin v sn lc a (hoc khi sn lc a
khng th hin r th su ti 200 m). c
trng bi dc rt thoi 0,1. n: continental
platform; shelf.
continental shelf deposits [3352] : trm tch
thm lc a.
Trm tch lng ng trong bn trng kin to
yn tnh ra lc a th ng.
continental shield [3353] : khin lc a.
n: shield.
continental slope [3354] : sn lc a.
Mt phn ca rim lc a nm gia thm lc
a v c trng ca n l sn dc 3-6o.
continental terrace [3355] : bc thm lc a.
Vt liu trm tch v cc nm di ng
bng duyn hi, thm lc a v sn lc a.
continental transgression [3356] : bin tin
lc a.
S m rng vng trm tch lc a m trc
cc vng ny chu nh hng ca qu
trnh bo mn, c trm tch ph ln.
continentes [3357] :
Sn: continens.
continuity equation [3358] : phng trnh
lin tc.
Phng trnh biu th s bo tn khi lng
ca dng chy.
continuous deformation [3359] : bin dng
139
 lin tc.
Bin dng do dng chy ch khng do
t gy.
continuous footings [3360] : mng bng.
n: strip footings.
continuous random distribution [3361] :
phn phi ngu nhin lin tc.
Phn phi lin tc l mt phn phi c hm
c biu din bi mt ng cong lin tc. V
d hm phn phi chun, loga chun, v.v.
continuous subsidence [3362] : ln lin tc.
continuum mechanics approach to slope
stability [3363] : p dng c hc mi trng
lin tc trong n nh mi dc.
C hc mi trng lin tc c th p dng
vi mi dc t hoc cng trnh ngm, song li
khng my thnh cng i vi mi dc , n
gin ch v l mi trng khng lin tc vi
hng lot khe nt, i dp v, mt phn lp v.v.
Hu ht cc thit k mi dc u da trn c
s c hc mi trng khng lin tc.
contour [3364]: ng ng mc, ng vin.
ng tng tng hoc mt ng trn bn
hay trn th ni cc im cng gi tr. V
d; cao mt t trn hoc di im c s
(im gc), ni chung l mc nc bin. ng
ng mc thng c s dng th hin mt nn cn c gi l Cng c Vin, quy nh
a hnh hay mt cu trc. N cng c th dng
ch cc c tnh thay i ca trm tch hoc
bt k tnh cht no c th nh lng c.
contour interval [3365] : khong cch gi tr
gia cc ng ng mc.
contour map [3366]: bn ng ng mc.
Bn m t hnh dng b mt bng phng
php ng ng mc, c bit bn a hnh cng bng tng lng pht thi ton cu cc
th hin b mt a hnh v ti cc khong cch
ng u trn gi tr trung bnh ca mc nc
bin, hoc bn ng ng mc cu trc,
biu din hnh dng b mt cu trc ca cc
thnh to a cht nm di su v hnh dng
suy lun b mt xm thc.
contour maps for stress [3367] : biu
ng mc ng sut.
contour value [3368]: gi tr ng ng mc.
contouring [3369] : v ng ng mc.
contracted differentiation [3370] : phn d
tng phn.
S phn d ca magma thnh magma mafic
v magma acid. Phn ng gia cc magma
tng phn c th sinh thnh cc kiu trung
gian, ging vi kiu trung gian c xem l
sn phm ca phn on tin trin.
contrast stretching [3371] : mt k thut lm
tng thm tng phn ca nh.
control [3372] : kim tra, iu chnh, cng tc
kim tra, cng tc iu chnh.
control dam [3373] : p iu ha, p iu
chnh mc nc.
X: weir; check dam; barrage.
controlled blasting [3374] : n mn c
kim sot.
conulariid [3375] : Conulariida.
Ha thch bin c l thuc ngnh Rut
khoang c trng bi mt lp v ngoi bn mt,
hnh thp hoc gn tr, bng chitin-phosphat,
nhn hoc c sc dc. Tui: Cambri gia-
Trias sm.
convention for the prevention of pollution
from ships [3376] : Cng c v phng nga
nhim t tu bin.
Cng c (cn gi l Cng c MARPOL)
c Hi ngh ca T chc Hng hi Quc t ti
London nm 1973 thng qua. Mc ch ca
Cng c l nhm loi tr nn nhim bi du
m v cc cht c hi khc. Vit Nam tham gia
Cng c t 29/8/1991.
convention for the protection of the ozone
layer [3377] : Cng c v bo v tng ozon.
Cng c c thng qua ngy 22/3/1985 ti
Hi ngh quc t hp Vin (th nc o),
ngha v ca cc quc gia trong vic hn ch
nhng hot ng c kh nng lm bin i tng
ozon, gy nh hng xu n sc khe con
ngi v mi trng.
V sau, Cng c Vin c c th ha v
b sung bi Ngh nh th Montreal 1987 bng
vic ra nhng bin php kim sot mt cch
cht lm suy gim tng ozon. Qua cc nm sau
(1990, 1992, 1995), cng c Vin cn tip tc
c b sung, iu chnh. Cui cng l Ngh
nh th Kyoto nm 1997 sau nhiu ln tranh
ci t s tha thun ca i din 180 nc
(tr Hoa K) ti Hi ngh Bon (thng 7/2001) v
nhng gii php c th nhm gim thiu s pht
thi nh knh. Vit Nam tham gia Cng c t
26/4/1994.
X: Montreal Protocol; Kyoto Protocol.
convention on climate change [3378] : Cng
c v bin i kh hu.
Cng c c Hi ngh Lin hip quc v
mi trng v pht trin ti Rio de Janeiro
(6.1992) thng qua. Mc ch ca Cng c l
hn ch s pht thi kh nh knh, trc ht l
kh CO2, l tc nhn gy ra s suy gim tng
ozon lm cho nhit Tri t nng ln. Trch
nhim chnh c quy cho cc nc cng
140
nghip pht trin, v mc d cc nc ny ch
chim 25% dn s th gii nhng thi ra 75%
tng lng kh carbonic ton cu, nn buc h
phi p dng nhng bin php nghim ngt hn
v ng gp ti chnh nhiu hn thc hin
vic gim thiu s pht thi kh nh knh. Vit
Nam tham gia Cng c t ngy 16/11/1994.
convention on the control of transboundary
movement of hazardous wastes and their
disposal [3379] : Cng c v kim sot vic
vn chuyn xuyn bin gii cc cht thi c
hi v vic hy b chng (Cng c Basel).
Cng c c thng qua ti Hi ngh quc
t t chc thnh ph Basel (Thy S) nm
1992. Mc ch ca Cng c l gim thiu vic
sn sinh cc cht thi c hi v ngn chn vic
xut khu hoc vn chuyn qu cnh chng qua
cc quc gia khc nu khng c php ca cc
quc gia . Cc quc gia cho php nhp khu
phi c c s x l hay tiu hy thch hp. Nu
xut khu bt hp php th quc gia hoc t
chc vi phm phi chu trch nhim vn chuyn
cht thi tr li nc xut khu v tiu hy
chng trong thi hn 30 ngy. Vit Nam tham
gia Cng c t 13/5/1995. Cng c cn c tn
gi tt l Basel Convention.
convention on the prevention of marine
pollution by the dumping of wastes and
other matter [3380] : Cng c v phng
nga s nhim do cht thi v cc
cht khc.
Cng c c i din 25 nc thng qua
ti London nm 1972. Nm 1992, c i tn
thnh Cng c London 1972. Ni dung c
bn ca Cng c l ngn chn s phng x cht
thi v cc cht gy nhim khc e da mi
trng bin. Cn c tn gi tt l : London
Dumping Convention.
convention on wetlands of international
importance, especially as waterfowh habitat
[3381] : Cng c v cc vng t ngp nc
c tm quc t, c bit l ni c tr ca cc
loi chim nc.
X: Ramsar convention.
convention to Combat Desertification
[3382]: Cng c v chng sa mc ha.
Cng c c k kt thng 10/1994 ti
Paris. Mc ch ca Cng c l u tranh
chng nn sa mc ha v gim nh thit hi do
hn hn, c bit l cc nc Chu Phi.
converge [3383] : hi t, chuyn dch hi t.
Dch chuyn hng tm ca hm l.
convergence [3384] : hi t.
L s gim t t chiu dy hoc khong cch
gia hai phn v thch a tng hoc quy t cc
tng do vt mng tng xen.
convergence point [3385] : im o hi t.
convergence rate [3386] : tc hi t (dch
chuyn hng tm ca hm l).
convergent plate boundary [3387] : ranh gii
mng hi t.
Ranh gii to nn do c s ng ca cc
mng, ti c hai mng khng cn nguyn vn
do b ngn li v v Tri t dy thm; hoc do
s ht chm ca mt mng ny xung di mt
mng khc, ti c hot ng ni la, ng
t, hm nt su v to ni.
conversion factors [3388] : cc h s (yu t)
chuyn i.
converted wave [3389] : sng o.
Mt loi sng a chn c o t mt sng
dc P thnh sng ngang S hoc ngc li, do s
phn x hoc khc x mt phn ct. Nhng
sng nh vy c biu th bng k hiu PS
hoc SP.
convex cross-bedding [3390] : phn lp
xin li.
Kiu phn lp xin c cc lp cong v
pha trn.
convexo concave [3391] : li-lm.
V Tay cun c dng o ngc vi mnh
lng li v mnh bng lm.
convexo plane [3392] : li-phng.
V Tay cun c mnh lng li v mnh
bng phng.
convolute [3393] : cun cht.
Cun li hoc qun vo nhau phn n trn
phn kia, v d ni v mt v Chn bng c cc
vng trong (c trc) b hon ton che ph bi
cc vng cun ngoi.
convoluted organ [3394] : c quan cun li.
Cu trc gai nh, cht vi, cun quanh xoang
trc nhiu Hu bin c phng.
convolution [3395] : cun, xon.
Qu trnh hnh thnh kiu phn lp cun
xon. Kiu cu to hnh thnh do qu trnh cun
xon, nh s un np phc tp quy m nh.
cookeite [3396] : cookeit.
1- Khong vt nhm clorit, trong lp khi
tm mt trong lp 2:1 T-O-T l khi tm mt
kp v lp xen gia l khi tm mt ba.
2- Cukeit giu Li lin quan vi sudoit.
cooperite [3397] : coperit.
Khong vt h bn phng mu xm-thp:
(Pt,Pd)S, c trong magma.
coordinate system [3398] : h ta .
Trong biu din bn GIS, ngi ta s dng
nhiu h ta khc nhau nh GAUSS, UTM...
141
Cc h ta khc nhau cch chiu mt im
trong khng gian ln cc mt phng. Mt h quy
chiu xc nh im trong khng gian hay
trn mt mt c bit nh khong cch hoc
gc, quan h vi cc trc, mt phng hay b mt
chn.
coordination [3399] : phi tr.
Trong tinh th hc, s lng ca nhng ion
nm k gn nht bao quanh nhng ion khc
trong kin trc tinh th.
copenhagen water [3400] : nc copenhagen.
Nc bin chun. X: normal water.
copepod [3401] : Chn cho (Copepoda).
ng vt V gip thuc mt lp c trng
bi s vng mt ca c mai v mt phc hp.
Ha thch Chn cho mi thy trong trm tch
m h Miocen.
copiapite [3402] : copiapit.
1- Khong vt mu vng:
(Fe,Mg)Fe4+3(SO4)6(OH)2.20H2O.
n: ferocopiapit, yellow copper, ihleit,
knoxvilit.
2- Nhm khong vt cha sulfat st
ngm nc, gm : copiapit, aluminocopiapit,
cuprocopiapit, fericopiapit ferocopiapit v
magnesiocopiapit.
copper [3403] : ng (Cu).
Tn Latinh l cuprum. Nguyn t ha hc s
29, nguyn t lng 63,5463; t trng 8,96
g/cm3. C 2 ng v bn v 25 ng v khng
bn. Tnh kim loi nng, rn, chalcophil. Hm
lng Cu trong cc (theo ppm): trong v lc
a trn l 14,3; siu mafic l 40; gabro -
basalt l 90; granit-granodiorit l 12; trong t
l 25; trong phin 45; trong nc i dng
0,00025 mg/l, trong sng sui l 0,003 mg/l.
Cc khong vt tiu biu l chalcopyrit, bmit,
chalcosit, malachit, covellit, digenit, tetraedit,
ng t sinh. Phng php phn tch Cu: ICP-
AES, ICP-MS, XRF. c s dng trong cc
ngnh cng nghip in, hp kim, c tin,
thuc tr su,...
Copper age [3404] : Thi i ng.
Trong lch s loi ngi c thi i
ng c c trng bi cc dng c gia nh,
kh gii bng ng. n: chalcolithic, eneolithic.
copper glance [3405] : chalcosin.
X: chalcocite.
copper mica [3406] : mica ng.
X: chalcophyllite.
copper nickel [3407] : nickel ng.
X: nickeline.
copper pyrites [3408] : pyrit ng.
X: chalcopyrite.
copper uranite [3409] : uranit ng.
X: torbernite.
copper vitriol [3410] : qung ng sulfat
ngm nc.
Cng thc CuSO4.5H2O, cn gi l calcanthit.
copperas [3411] : coppera.
L khong vt n t mu xanh lc, cng
thc FeSO4.7H2O. n: melanterite.
copula [3412] : ng y phng.
ng hnh ng khi ngn v tr u nhn
y phng ng vt v chitin to chui. ng
ny ni vi u ca phng tip theo to thnh
chui.
coquymbite [3413] : coquymbit.
Khong vt h su phng mu trng:
Fe2(SO4)3.9H2O, thng cha alumin, v
ng hnh vi paracoquymbit. n: white copper.
coquyna [3414] : vi v s.
Loi vi vn c thnh phn hu ht l cc
mnh vn ho c chn lc c hc, b mi
mn v vn chuyn trc khi ti v tr tch t,
c gn kt yu. V d nh loi vi xp,
sng mu thnh to t cc mnh vn hoc v
sinh vt b ri.
coquynoid limestone [3415] : vi dng
v s.
Loi vi c thnh phn bao gm vt liu
v sinh vt khng tri qua qu trnh chn lc,
c thnh to ti ch, khng b khuy ng
hay vn chuyn v thng c nn ht mn.
coracite [3416] : coracit.
X: uraninite.
coral [3417] : San h (Anthozoa).
Mt nhm ln ng vt khng xng sng
bin c phn ra thnh mt lp thuc ngnh
Rut khoang, c th tit ra khung xng ngoi
bng cht vi v tn ti di dng n th hoc
mc thnh qun th. Tui: Ordovic n ngy
nay.
coral cap [3418] : m San h.
Trm tch m tiu San h dy nm trn cc
thnh to c ngun gc khc.
coral crust [3419] : v San h.
Lp mng vt liu m tiu San h nm trn
cc thnh to khc ngun gc.
coral island [3420] : o San h.
1- Loi m tiu San h l pha trn mc nc
bin, cch xa lc a.
2- Loi o ngoi i dng thnh to t qu
trnh tch t San h nm phn trn cng ca
cc nh ni la.
coral limestone [3421] : vi San h.
Loi vi c thnh phn bao gm cc
khung xng vi San h, thng c cha cc
142
mnh vn sinh vt khc v c carbonat calci
gn kt.
coral rag [3422] : vi vn San h.
Loi vi vn th gn kt tt, c thnh
phn bao gm cc mnh vn ln ca m tiu
San h.
n: reef-rock breccia.
coral reef [3423] : m tiu San h, rn San h.
1- m tiu to San h hay m tiu hu c
San h chim u th ; ni ngm ni qun th
San h sng v tch t cc mnh xng, ct
thnh phn carbonat v vi do bi tit hu c
ca carbonat calci, sau tr thnh qun th
v ct.
2- ngm San h c hnh thnh xung
quanh lt cng c kh nng bn vng trong
iu kin sng bin, c bit l cc qun th San
h v to San h. Lp lt hoc khung cu
thnh bi t nht l 50% th tch ca m tiu San
h (hay di ngm). ngm San h ngy nay
c vng bin nhit >180oC.
coral reef coast [3424] : b bin San h.
B bin c thnh to do s trm tch San
h v to, mt phn l ra di triu thp v c
trng bi s ln dn t y ln hoc t g t ra
ngoi.
coral reef limestone [3425] : vi m tiu
San h.
Loi vi m tiu c thnh phn bao gm
hu ht l khung xng San h, nhng cng c
th cha cc tn tch ca cc loi sinh vt khc.
n: coral rock.
coral rock [3426] : San h.
n: coral-reef limestone.
coralgal [3427] : vi xng San h v to.
Loi vi rn chc c thnh to do s
pht trin ca khung xng San h v to.
coralgal ridge [3428] : sng ni San h, ni
San h.
G thp hoc g nng cao ca mt m tiu
San h pha bin, c cu thnh bi kt hch
carbonat calci do s ln ln ca to vi ph lp
v ngoi rt dy gn kt San h v mnh vn v
thnh cc khi vi.
coralline algae [3429] : to San h.
Loi to vi to nn s kt v ging nh
San h.
corallite [3430] : San h n th.
Khung xng ngoi bng cht vi do polyp
San h n th to ra, gm thnh, vch v cc
cu trc ph nh tm y v m bt. Chng gn
vi nhau thnh San h qun th.
corbiculoid [3431]: kiu Rng
(Corbicula).
Kiu cu trc rng thuc loi rng khc
Thn mm hai mnh, vi ba rng chnh mi
mnh v, trong rng gia ca mnh phi nm
ngay di nh v.
cordercite [3432] : cordercit.
Khong vt h lp phng: Hg3S2Cl2.
cordierite [3433] : cordierit.
Khong vt h thoi mu xanh sng n xanh
m hoc xanh-tm: (Mg,Fe)2Al4Si5O18, tnh a
sc mnh, bin i d dng khi phi nng, l
khong vt ph trong granit v l thnh phn
ch yu ca bin cht, hnh thnh p sut
thp.
n: iolite, dichroite.
cordylite [3434] : cordylit.
Khong vt khng mu n vng-sp:
(Ce, La)2Ba(Co3)3F2.
core and shell structure [3435] : cu to nhn
v v.
Kiu cu to trm tch ging nh kt hch
c hnh thnh trong bn kt giu bt, c
trng bi cc th cc dng cu, dng trng hoc
dng ko di, c ng knh t 3 n 30cm,
c bao bc bng cc lp v mng ng tm
dy t 3 n 12mm, hnh thnh do s co rt th
tch trong loi bn ng nht.
core barrel [3436] : ng ly li khoan.
Trong khoan cu trc, ly c li khoan
khng b xo ng, t o c cc yu t cu
trc, thng phi dng loi ng khoan nhiu lp
hoc loi ng ng knh ln. i vi loi ng
khoan nhiu (2-3) lp, cc ng bn trong c
lp vng bi chng ng yn trong khi ng
ngoi cng xoay cng vi mi khoan. Li khoan
c chuyn vo ng pha trong v nm yn ,
khng b xo ng cho ti khi rt ng ra khi h
khoan. Ly li khoan ra khi ng l thao tc
quan trng nht. Bin php hiu qu nht
khng xo ng li khoan l t loi ng trong
c th tch i c.
core bit [3437] : li khoan ly mu.
core breaker [3438] : dng c tho li khoan.
core drilling [3439] : khoan ly mu.
K thut khoan xoay ct thnh cc li
khoan hnh tr.
core logging [3440] : o v li khoan.
core orientation [3441]: nh hng
li khoan.
L bin php rt quan trng tm hiu cc
yu t cu trc, nht l th nm ca cc h khe
nt. C th khoan xin kim tra th nm ca
cc b mt xung yu. Tng t, c th kt hp
hn hai hay nhiu l khoan thng thng nhng
ni c tng nh du lun gii th nm ca
nhng tng ny. Mt cch khc, kh nhng rt
143
hiu qu, l nh hng ngay chnh li khoan.
core recovery [3442] : thu hi li khoan.
T l phn trm li ly c trong cng
tc khoan .
core rock [3443] : li .
Li , phn li ly c t cng
tc khoan.
core sample [3444] : mu li khoan.
Mu ly c t cng tc khoan
th nghim.
core storage box [3445] : hp cha li.
cored bomb [3446] : bom c nhn.
Mt kiu bom c nhn khng phi ni la
hoc lava va cng rn. Bao quanh nhn l lava
c hnh dng ca chnh n.
cork borer [3447] : my khoan xon.
corkite [3448] : corkit.
Khong vt h khi mt thoi:
PbFe3(PO4)(SO4)(OH), ng hnh vi
svanbergit, wood houseit v hinsdalit.
cornetite [3449] : cornetit.
Khong vt mu xanh bic: Cu3(PO4)(OH)3.
cornstone [3450] : vi silic.
1- Loi cui kt vi cha cc mnh vn st
vi v vi gn km trong nn ct hoc vi.
2- Kt hch vi trong st vi v chuyn
tip dn sang loi vi kt hch. S c mt ca
chng cho thy y l loi t tt thch hp cho
vic trng ng cc.
cornubite [3451] : cornubit.
Khong vt: Cu5(AsO4)2(OH)4.
Ss: cornwalite.
cornulitid [3452]: Dng sng
(Cornulitida).
ng vt khng xng sng mi ch bit l
nhng ng thon cong queo, cht carbonat calci,
c mt ct ngang trn, v nhng vng ngang
trong giai on tng trng v sau. V tr phn
loi ca nhm ny cha r, nhng c m t
l c lin quan cht ch vi mt s loi giun.
Tui: Ordovic gia n Carbon.
cornuspirine [3453] : c v hnh sng cun.
C v hnh ng cun trn mt phng, nht l
thuc Trng l Cyclogyra.
cornwallite [3454] : cornwalit.
Khong vt mu xanh emerald:
Cu5(AsO4)2(OH)4.H2O.
corona [3455] : vnh, tn.
Cu trc khung xng chnh hoc phn ch
yu ca v vi ng vt Cu gai, bao gm ton
b chn mt v vng xen chn mt, loi tr h
nh ca cc phin, cc h ra l v quanh hu
mn, n Aristot v cc chi ph.
coronadite [3456] : coronadit.
Khong vt mu en: Pb(Mn+2,Mn+4)8O16,
ng hnh vi holandit v cryptomelan.
corrasion [3457] : gm mn.
Qu trnh gm mn do v t b di chuyn
c hc hoc b ph hy do tc dng gm mn
cc vt liu cng ri di chuyn nh gi, sng
bin, nc chy, bng h hay trng lc. V d:
S gm mn xm thc ca lng sng v b sng
do o khot, co vt, ra xi di tc dng ca
dng chy hoc ca x, nghin vn cc tng,
dm sn v ct bng tc dng ca sng bin,
sng v b v cc dng gn b. Thut ng cn
dng ch qu trnh lm ti, b ri cc
(Pelk, 1953) do tc dng ca nc, nc cun
tri. n: mechanical erosion (xm thc c hc).
correction [3458] : hiu chnh.
S thay i kt qu o trn c s xt cc sai
s bit thu c tr s gn hn vi s
tr thc.
correlation [3459] : i snh, tng quan;
php ng nht.
1- (t) Gii thch, chng minh s tng ng
ca hai hoc nhiu hin tng a cht trong cc
vng khc nhau. C cc i snh khc nhau ph
thuc vo c im c ch . i snh thch
hc chng minh s tng ng v c im
thch hc v v tr thch a tng, i snh hai
lp ha thch chng minh s tng ng v tp
hp ha thch v v tr sinh tng ca chng, i
snh nin i chng minh s tng ng v tui
v v tr thi a tng.
2- (vl) Php ng nht pha trong a chn
nh nhm theo di cng pha trn my ghi khc
nhau, cch ny c quan h vi cc phn x t
mt phn v a tng hoc vi cc khc x t
mt lp nh du.
correlation analysis [3460] : phn tch
tng quan.
correlation coefficient [3461] : h s
tng quan.
S o biu th hiu chnh gia hai bin s
ton hc.
correlation relation [3462] : mi lin h
tng quan.
Mi lin h thng k gia hai hay nhiu i
lng ngu nhin, c biu th mt cch nh
lng. o mc cht ch (hay bc xp x vi
mi lin h ph thuc hm cht ch) ca mi
lin h ny c xc nh bng h s tng
quan hay h thc tng quan.
corrensite [3463] : corensit.
Khong vt st trong t l bng nhau ca
clorit khi tm mt ba v smectit khi tm mt
ba khc hoc vermiculit.
correspondence analysis [3464] : phn tch
144
 tng ng.
Mt phng php ca phn tch nhn t u
tin dng cho s liu v tn sut. S liu
c chun ha theo dng v ct cng mt cch
trc khi tch nhn t .
corrosion [3465] : gm mn.
Tc dng dung thc ring phn, s ha tan,
s nng chy, s thay i hoc gm mn phn
ngoi ca cc tinh th c hnh thnh trc
(nh cc ban tinh thch anh) hoc ca cc th t
(xenolith) bng phn ng ha tan ca magma
tn d. Kt qu hnh thnh cc rim gm mn
xung quanh cc tinh th.
corrosion surface [3466] : b mt gm mn,
b mt xm thc.
B mt lp l ch, khng u, ch tm thy
trong trm tch carbonat xc nh c c
trng bi mu en ca st - magnesi v l kt
qu ca s gin on trm tch vi cng nh
s ha tan m nc bin ti hp th mt s vt
liu trm tch trc .
corrosion zone [3467] : i gm mn,
xm thc.
X: corrosion surface. n: corrosion border.
corrosive [3468] : n mn.
cortex [3469] : v, lp v.
Bt bin l lp ca th o c lm chc
bng mt khung xng c bit bng cht hu
c hay khong cht, hoc c hai; cng l mt
lp gai bt bin chuyn ha hoc cu trc bin
i mt ngoi ca khung xng; mt s San
h tm tia (nht l lin h Gorgonacea) l lp
m xng ngoi , nhm Holaxonia l lp
sng ngoi ca trc nh l i chi vi li gia;
Cu gai l lp ngoi phn d ca gai thng c
t im; thc vt l m, ch yu gm cc t
bo m mm nm gia tr mch trung tm v
lp biu b ca thn hay r. Sn: cortices.
corundum [3470] : corindon.
Khong vt: Al2O3, dng ht, dng khi, mu
khc nhau, tinh th khi thoi (lng tr hoc thp
h su phng). Corindon c mu p, trong l
loi qy rubi v saphir. Corindon rt dai,
cng = 9 theo thang Mohs, c s dng vo
cng nghip mi. n: adamantine spar;
diamond spar; corindon.
corvusite [3471] : corvusit.
Khong vt mu xanh m, nu hoc -ta
nht: V2O4.6V2O3.nH2O (?), l khong vt qung
ca vanadi. n: blue-black ore.
cosalite [3472] : cosalit.
Khong vt mu xm - ch hoc xm - thp:
Pb2 Bi2 S5, thng cha ng.
cosedimentation [3473] : ng trm tch.
Qu trnh trm tch ng thi, v d nh s
tch t cc khong vt cha st xy ra ng thi
vi s tch t trm tch st ht mn to nn loi
phin st hoc bn kt vi thnh phn
st cao.
cosmic erosion [3474] : xm thc v tr.
S ph hy cc mt cch chm chp, t t
hoc s ph hy c tnh cht tai bin (gy tai
ha) trong v tr, trn b mt hnh tinh do kt
qu tng tc sng cc mnh ca cc ht p
vo cc b mt ca b l ra. Thut ng, bao
hm s mi mn b mt do bong lp di tc
dng ca chn ng sng ln b mt t do ca
, cng nh t gy v dp v hon ton.
cosmic radiation [3475] : bc x v tr.
Nhng ht bn trong nguyn t c nng
lng rt cao t khng gian v tr bn vo tng
kh quyn ca Tri t. Nhng tia v tr s cp
hu nh u b hp th tng cao ca kh
quyn, cc tia v tr th cp c nng lng thp
hn c th ti mt Tri t, to thnh mt phn
ca phng bc x t nhin.
cosmogenic nuclide [3476] : nuclid ngun gc
v tr.
Nuclid c tnh phng x c to thnh bi
tc ng ca bc x v tr.
cosmopolitan [3477] : phn b ton cu, c
tnh th gii.
Mt loi sinh vt hay mt loi c s phn b
rng ri khp Tri t, cc tnh a l v sinh
thi khc nhau.
cosmopolite [3478] : loi phn b ton cu,
sinh vt c tnh th gii.
Sinh vt hay loi c s phn b trong cc tnh
a l v sinh thi khc nhau.
costa [3479] : g, g t im, g vch.
1- Ru ng vt l gai thng c i ghp
li gia vi gai gip k to thnh mt khin
trc un vm qua mng trc; v Chn bng
l mt g trn cnh c nh cao khp vi mi
ngoi nm mt ngoi v; Thn mm hai mnh
l nhng g nm hng nh hoc theo cc cch
khc trn b mt v, c coi nh t im v;
ng ngha: rib; Tay cun l g ta tia trn b
mt ngoi xut pht t nm v nguyn thy;
v Trng l l g trn b mt ngoi, c th chy
dc mt ng khu hoc ct ngang qua n;
Rng nn l mt din hp v di nh cao; San
h l s ko di ca vch ngn ra cnh ngoi
thnh vch ca San h; Chn u l mt g
ngang thng hay hi cong trn b mt vng
cun, c coi nh t im v. n: costula,
costule.
2- Phn dy ln ca endexin ca ht phn,
chng thng lin kt vi rnh hoc l.
145
 costella [3480] : g nhnh, g ph.
ng ni cao ta tia trn mt ngoi ca v
Tay cun khng ko di ti mp ca nm v
nguyn thy, nhng pht sinh t ch phn i
ca mt g t im c trc, hoc nm xen k
gia hai g ny; cng dng gi mt g t
im thanh m khng k ti ngun gc.
costibite [3481] : costibit.
Khong vt: CoSbS.
costula [3482] : g nh.
G t im nh ng vt khng
xng sng.
coteau [3483] : i, m t cao, ni thp.
Thut ng c dng Hoa K gm rt nhiu
ngha nh i, g hay m t cao, ng bng
nng cao, ni thp gia vng m ly, sn cao
nguyn, sn i.
cotterite [3484] : coterit.
Mt dng thch anh c nh kim ng nh
khc thng.
cotunnite [3485] : cotunit.
Khong vt h thoi, xp, trng n vng
nht: PbCl2.
coulee [3486] : sui nh, t on hay lng
sui t on; thung lng sui kh hay t
on, khng lin tc; thung lng nh hoc
vng t thp.
coulisse [3487] : cnh g.
Thut ng ch c im ni bt c hnh
thnh do s xm thc cc tng un np v
xm nhp; c dng cnh g trn b mt Tri t.
couloir [3488] : thung lng nh, hp.
1- Thung lng hp hay hm ni, rnh mng.
2- Thut ng ting Php ch o, li i
vo hang ng.
Coulomb's equation [3489] : phng trnh
Culng.
Phng trnh lin h gia sc chng ct ca
t dnh v p lc php tuyn ca mng.
Phng trnh do k s ngi Php Culng a ra
nm 1776 v sau c gi theo tn ng,
phng trnh c dng:
= tg + c; trong :
-ng sut php tuyn trn mt trt.
tg - thnh phn lc ma st ca sc
chng ct.
c -lc dnh kt.
coulsonite [3490] : culsonit.
Khong vt nhm spinel: FeV2O4.
n: vanado-magnetite.
counter fossula [3491] : hc i.
Hc pht trin v tr ca vch i San h
Rugosa.
counter septum [3492] : vch i.
Vch nguyn thy nm i din trc tip vi
vch chnh trong mt phng i xng hai bn
San h Rugosa.
counterfort [3493] : i trng.
counting net [3494] : li m.
country rock [3495] : vy quanh.
1- L vy quanh hoc ni cch khc b
ct qua bi mt thn khong. T gc ca th
m. t c trng hn so vi t host rock (
vy quanh).
2- L vy quanh hoc b ct bi magma
xm nhp.
course [3496] : va, mch.
Thut ng c dng Anh ch mt lp,
mt im l v s phn tng; thut ng ca Anh
ch va than.
cousinite [3497] : cusinit.
Khong vt: MgU2Mo2O13.6H2O(?).
Couvinian [3498] : Couvin.
X: Eifelian.
cove [3499] : vng nh; h st; o.
1- Mt ci hang dc ng, trn hoc bn
nguyt nh u mt thung lng nh v dc.
2- o hay ng i gia hai i.
3- Khu vc tng i thong ng
trong rng.
4- Bn trng hoc thung lng lng cho, ni
m mt t tri qua qu trnh phong ha
mang tnh phn d hoc s ln do cc nm
di b ha tan.
covelline [3500] : covelin.
X: covellite.
covellite [3501] : covelit.
Khong vt h su phng: CuS, l khong
vt ph v tiu biu cho qung ng.
n: coveline, indigo copper.
cover [3502] : tng ph.
Tch t trm tch trn mng kt tinh.
cover head [3503] : u hai nh ph.
Tch t tn tch vn bao gm sn tch v
qut bi tch ti cc thm nng cao; vt liu
c trm tch trong v sau khi thm nng cao.
cover sand [3504] : ct ph.
Loi trm tch ct mn phong thnh cha trn
90% thch anh, c th c bo tuyt lm
tch t trong thi k bng h.
covered karst [3505] : karst n.
Karst thnh to di lp t ph.
covered plain [3506] : ng bng chn vi,
ng bng n.
ng bng bi bi trn cc knh nc
nng khng chy ngon ngoo, thng c cc
t nhin v lp ph bi tch ph sa c
dy ln.
146
 Thut ng ch ng bng bi tch ngp lt,
ni sng nc nng chy qua khng un ln
mnh, thng c g t nhin v lp ph aluvi
dy do vt liu l lng ca sng bi p.
covite [3507] : covit.
Mt loi syenit nephelin gm orthoclas,
nephelin, pyroxen, amphibol. Washington, 1901
t tn theo tn vng Magnet Cove, Arkansat.
cow dung bomb [3508] : bom dng phn b.
Mt loi bom ni la, c dng dt do va
chm vi mt t khi dung nham cn trng
thi nht. B mt ca bom thng c mt t x.
cowlesite [3509] : cowlesit.
Khong vt nhm zeolit:
CaAl2Si3O10.5-6H2O.
coxa [3510] : t hng, xng hng.
t u tin ca chn ng vt Chn khp,
qua chn ni bng khp vi thn. Sn: coxae.
coxopod [3511] : t gc.
t hng ca chi ng vt V gip.
n: coxopodite.
crack [3512] : vt nt, khe nt trong khi .
n: fissure.
crack spacing [3513] : dn cch khe nt.
crack surface [3514] : b mt khe nt.
crack surface conditions [3515] : iu kin
b mt khe nt.
crackle breccia [3516] : dm dp v; dm kt
rn nt.
Loi dm kt c cc mnh vn c cc mt
t gy phn ct, nhng t hoc khng thy c
s thay th.
craelius core orientator [3517] : thit b nh
hng li khoan craelius.
Thit b nh hng li khoan do Craelius
ch to, dng trong khoan cu trc.
crag [3518] : vch treo, vch dc ng, lm
chm, cheo leo; im dc ng ca .
crag and tail [3519] : vch v ui.
i b sng sui chia ct hoc sng ni kiu
qu m do cc gc khng b xm thc, bn
vng (vch) v cc dng i ko di (ui) ca
cc d b xm thc.
craigmontite [3520] : craigmontit.
Diorit nephelin sng mu gm nephelin,
oligoclas v muscovit vi mt lng nh calcit,
magnetit, corindon v biotit. Thut ng mang
tn i Craigmont, Ontario.
crandallite [3521] : crandalit.
Khong vt mu trng n xm-sng:
CaAl3(PO4)2(OH)5.H2O, thng cha nhiu
stronti, bari, st hoc t him.
n: pseudowavelite.
crater [3522] : ming ni la.
C dng phu hoc lng cho, thng nh
ca nn hoc vm ni la. Ming ni la trn
nh nn ni la thng c kch thc khng
ln, thnh thng dc, cn ming ni la trn
vm ni la thng c kch thc ln hn v c
thnh thoi. su ca ming ni la thng
thng vi chc mt, tuy nhin c th quan st
thy ming ni la rt ln vi ng knh vi
km v su hng trm mt. Ming ni la c
hnh thnh t mt trung tm phun tro c m
rng ra do sp l, do qu trnh phun tro ca ni
la hoc do tch t ca vt liu ni la to thnh
vnh bao quanh trung tm phun tro.
crater depth [3523] : chiu su hay su
ming ni la.
1- Trong ging nhn to, su ln nht o
t im su nht ti b mt u tin.
2- i vi ni la, b mt nguyn thy c th
khng chc chn do su l chiu di o
c t im cao nht trn nh ni la ti im
su nht ca trng quan st c.
crater fill [3524] : lp y ming ni la.
Ming ni la c lp y bi lava cng
rn y, i cng vi n l x v cc mnh vn
phong ha.
crater lake [3525] : h ming ni la.
H c hnh thnh trong ming hoc
caldera ni la. Nc trong h thng sch do
tch t nc ma hoc nc ngm.
crater radius [3526] : bn knh ming ni la.
1- i vi ging nhn to, bn knh trung
bnh o c ti cao ng vi b mt ban u
(nguyn thy).
2- i vi ming ni la, b mt nguyn
thy c th khng chnh xc nn bn knh c
o ti mp nh c th khng chnh xc.
craterchain [3527] : dy ming ni la.
Tp hp cc ming ni la nh, dng tuyn
ging mt xch, d phn bit; ln u tin c
quan st nhiu ni trn b mt Mt trng, trn
Sao Ha v Sao Thy, chiu di khong
300-325 km.
cratering [3528] : hnh thnh ming ni la.
1- Qu trnh ng lc hay c hc thnh to
mt ming ni la.
2- Qu trnh bin i hnh tinh hoc b mt
Mt trng bng cch lp li s hnh thnh ming
ni la.
craton [3529] : dng sao; craton, a khin.
1- (cs) T im ny do mt t hp cc yu t
to thnh, phn di ca chng gm cc mu li
dng u inh vi phn u nh li to ra phn
li. Trn b mt khung li hnh thnh 5-6 mu
li nm trn ranh gii gia cc mt li, thng
hng u nhn vo tm mt li.
147
 2- (m) Mt phn ca v Tri t, bn vng,
t b bin dng trong mt giai on lu di. Theo
nh ngha nguyn thy, craton gm c phn lc
a v bn trng i dng, nhng kin trc
hin i ch r bn trng i dng v craton
khc nhau, v nh vy craton ch lc a.
Craton trung tm rng ln bao gm c khin
(shield) v nn (platform) c gi l
hedreocraton. Nhng phn ca ai un np
phanerozoi hon chnh c xu th pht trin dn
ti mt dng craton. Cn c vit kraton.
n: kratogen.
cratonic basin [3530] : bn trng craton.
n: intracratonic basin.
creaseyite [3531] : creaseyit.
Khong vt h thoi:
Pb2Cu2Fe2Si5O17.6H2O.
crednerite [3532] : crednerit.
Khong vt mu xm - thp n en - st:
CuMnO2.
creedite [3533] : creedit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu trng hoc
khng mu: Ca3Al2(SO4)(F,OH)10.2H2O.
creek [3534] : ngi, sui nh, vng, vnh nh.
1- Thut ng c s dng Hoa K, Canaa
v Australia ch dng (lung) nc nh hn
sng nhng ln hn sui; sng con, sng nhnh,
dng nc c kch thc va phi.
2- Sng ngi di, nng, cn khng lin tc.
3- Vng hay vnh nh hay cnh tay bin n
su vo t lin, vng thy triu nh, hp hay
estuary (ca sng hnh phu).
creep [3535] : trn, lu bin, trt (cctr).
1- S bin dng ly tin v thng l chm
ca t rn, kt qu tc dng ca trng ng
sut nh nhng thng xuyn trong thi
gian di.
2- ng thi trt dc chm chp, t nhiu
mang tnh lin tc ca ht khong vt, t v
di tc dng ca ng sut trng trng. Nhiu
dng trt l c miu t trn c s c tnh
ca cht liu, mc ng sut, giai on v tc
bin dng, c hc trt, hnh thi v nguyn
nhn bin dng. Tuy nhin, khng nn hn ch
thut ng ny nhng gi nh v c ch,
su, tc , dy hoc chiu rng ca vng
trt.
n: rock drift.
creep test [3536] : th nghim lu bin.
crenate [3537] : kha tai bo.
C ra hay mo ct kha hnh tai bo hay hnh
ch V trn cnh.
crenella [3538] : rnh kha.
Rnh hp nm gia cc g ca din khp ct
Hu bin. Sn: crenellae.
crenula [3539] : g tai bo.
G trn cnh kt hp vi cc rnh kha gip
k ca din khp ct Hu bin. Sn: crenulae.
crenularium [3540] : din g tai bo.
Ton b din mang g tai bo thuc din
khp ct Hu bin.
crescent beach [3541] : b bin hnh bn
nguyt hay li lim.
B bin un cong hnh li lim hay hnh
bn nguyt c hnh thnh dc theo i hoc
ni men b u vnh hay ming ca sng n
su vo vnh.
crescentic gouge [3542] : du vt dng
li lim.
Mc hay du vt c dng li lim (bn
nguyt) trong khi thnh to cc khe, rnh,
mng c y hi trn, do cc tng bn vng
khot o vo mt gc v thng lm v pha
tng sc di chuyn. n: gouge mark.
crescentic lake [3543] : h bn nguyt.
H chim lnh bn trng c dng li lim.
crest [3544] : sng ni, nh ni, nh np
un, nh sng.
1- im cao nht ca i hay ni, ng cao
nht dc theo nh ni hay dc nh i.
2- im cao nht ca mt lp trong bt k
mt ct ng no qua np li.
3. Phn cao nht ca sng bin.
Cretaceous [3545] : Creta, Phn k.
K cui cng ca i Mesozoi (sau k Jura
v trc Paleogen ca i Kainozoi), ko di t
145,8-65 triu nm trc (Harland et al., 1990),
tng ng vi h Creta do Omalius d'Halloy
thnh lp nm 1882. Tn c gi theo tn Latin
ca phn (chalk), v cc tng phn Anh
c tui ny. H c chia lm hai thng, mi
thng gm 6-7 bc. Vit Nam, trm tch Creta
ch yu tng lc a, cha c phn chia
chi tit.
crevasse [3546] : khe nt.
1- Ni b ph v hay ch nt ca b sng,
b knh. .
2- Ni b nt su, rng trn mt t sau
ng t. .
3- Ch nt n trn b mt bng h hay
bng l.
crevasse ridge [3547] : g khe nt.
Vt liu ngun gc sng c trm tch trong
cc t gy, khe nt hin ti to thnh lung hay
g cao hn mt t dng tuyn hay hnh sin.
crevice [3548] : khe nt h.
Khe nt trong c su ln.
n: open crack.
148
 crevice karst [3549] : karst khe nt.
Kiu karst hnh thnh do ha tan di su,
dc theo cc khe nt k nhau hoc ni giao nhau
ca cc khe nt.
cribellum [3550] : tm nh t.
Tm n hay c i thng l c mt nhm
Nhn tng ng vi khe nh t trc v gia, c
tc dng nh u ra i vi cc hch t.
Sn: cribella.
cribrate [3551] : dng mt sng.
Ni v v Trng l thng nhiu l trn nh
mt sng.
cribrimorph [3552] : Ru ng vt
Cribrimorpha.
Ru ng vt Ming mi (Cheilostomata)
thuc mt nhm c khin trc ca cc g.
crichtonite [3553] : crichtonit.
Khong vt: (Sr,La,Ce,Y)(Ti,Fe,Mn)21O38,
lu nay vn cho l ilmenit.
cricolith [3554] : vng to cu.
To cu Heterococcolith c cc n v xp
sp thnh mt vng n; mt vng hnh bu dc
cc ht to cu.
crimp [3555] : di ra.
Di ra pha i ming ca mt phin thuc
yu t Rng nn dng tm.
crinkled bedding [3556] : phn lp v nhu;
phn lp nhn.
1- Kiu phn lp cun xon.
2- Kiu phn lp un ln nh trong cc
carbonat, c l lin quan ti cc thm to.
crinoid [3557] : Hu bin (Crinoidae).
Da gai c nh thuc mt h c thn i
xng nm tia, c thn hnh a hay hnh cu bao
bc bi cc phin vi t cc chi, thng chia
nhnh, vn ra dng ta tia, c mt cung hay
ct, thng thy nhng dng ha thch hn l
nhng dng ang sng. Tui: Ordovic n
ngy nay. n: crinite, encrinite.
crinoidal limestone [3558] : vi Hu bin.
Loi vi c thnh phn gn nh ton b l
vn khung xng ho ca Hu bin c
calcit kt tinh gn kt.
n: encrinite; encrinal limestone.
crinozoan [3559] : dng Hu bin (Crinozoa).
Da gai bm y thuc mt phn ngnh bao
gm cc lp Hu bin (Crinoidae), N bin
(Blastoidae) v Phao bin (Cystoidae).
crisscross bedding [3560] : phn lp xin
khc hng.
Mt kiu phn lp xin c trng ca cc
trm tch phong thnh, trong cc lp nghing
c chiu ngc vi ng phng.
cristobalite [3561] : cristobalit.
Khong vt: SiO2, a hnh nhit cao ca
thch anh v tridymit dng khi tm mt, mu
trng nm trong cc hc, khi nn ca phun
tro acid. Cristobalit n nh ch nhit trn
1470oC v c kin trc h bn phng (alpha-
cristobalit), nhit thp c cu trc ng
thc (beta-cristobalit). Ss: tridymite.
critical [3562] : ti hn.
V d ti trng ti hn, sc chu ti ti hn.
critical area [3563] : din tch xung yu
(ti hn).
critical depth [3564] : su ti hn.
su m ti tc dng chy l ti hn
tc l ti lu lng nc c nng lng nh
nht, lin quan ti y sng.
critical failure circle [3565] : cung trt xung
yu (ti hn).
Mi dc thng b ph hy dc theo cc
yu t a cht sn c nh mt phn lp, khe
nt, i dp v. Mi dc t hoc vn thi,
ngc li, thng khng c sn mt b mt
gim yu v khi , thng c mt trt dng
cung trn. Cung trt thng c c trng bi
tm ca n. V tr ca tm cung trt thay i
ty theo gc nghing ca b mt mi dc, sc
bn ca vt liu to nn n v p lc nc l
rng. Mi dc thot nc v khng thot nc
c v tr cung trt rt khc nhau. Song mt khi
c nc trong mi dc, v tr ca cung trt li
khng nhy cm lm i vi s thay i ca
gng nc ngm.
critical failure plane inclination [3566] :
nghing ca mt trt ti hn.
critical flow [3567] : dng chy ti hn.
Dng chy vi vn tc ti hn, ti im ny
dng chy chuyn t chy tng sang chy ri
(trng hp vn tc tng) hoc t chy ri sang
chy tng (trng hp vn tc gim).
n: critical velocity.
critical gradient [3568] : gradient ti hn.
Gradien thy lc ln nht trong t bo ha,
trn mc s xut hin xi ngm v t chy.
critical mineral [3569] : khong vt ti hn.
Khong vt n nh ch trng thi ca mt
tng hoc mt i bin cht. Ss: typomorphic
mineral.
critical moisture [3570] : m ti hn.
m trong t m di th bin dng
ca t s tng dn khi ti trng thng xuyn
tng, trn th bin dng ca t s gim khi
ti trng thng xuyn tng.
critical pressure [3571] : p lc ti hn.
p lc cn ngng t mt cht kh nhit
ti hn, trn th cht kh ny khng th
149
ha lng c.
critical slope [3572] : dc ti hn.
dc hay nghing ca sng, sui bng
chnh tn tht ca phn cao y do dng
chy ti su nn dng chy (lu lng) ng
u, khng thay i su ti hn.
critical slope angle [3573] : gc dc ti hn.
Gc dc ti hn chnh l gc dc ti a ca
mt mi dc m vt liu t, p ca n s
khng b ph hy trong iu kin kh hu, thc
vt v iu kin s dng t hin ti.
X: angle of ultimate stability.
critical tension crack [3574] : khe nt tch
xung yu (ti hn).
critical tension crack depth [3575] : su
khe nt tch xung yu (ti hn).
Khi nim dng trong nghin cu mi dc,
nht l mi dc trong .
critical velocity [3576] : tc ti hn.
X: critical flow.
critical void ratio [3577] : t s rng ti hn.
critical width [3578] : chiu rng ti hn.
crocidolite [3579] : crocidolit.
Mt dng asbet ca riebeckit mu xanh nht
hi pha , xanh chm hoc xanh ti ty, c
dng si, c st, hoc dng t.
n: blue asbet, cape blue.
crocoite [3580] : crocoit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu -sng,
-nu hoc vng cam: PbCrO4.
n: red lead ore, crocoisite.
cromaltite [3581] : cromaltit.
Pyroxenit gm ch yu pyroxen n
nghing, melanit v mt t biotit, perovskit v
cc khong vt oxid. Thut ng mang tn i
Cromalt Scoland.
crookesite [3582] : crookesit (crukesit).
Khong vt mu xm- ch: (Cu,Te,Ag)2Se.
crop [3583] : l va, vt l.
crop ore [3584] : l qung.
cross section [3585] :
1- Mt ct ngang, mt ct a cht.
2- im giao nhau gia cc ng bao min
thng tin trong GIS.
cross adit [3586] : l xuyn va, l ngang.
cross bed [3587] : lp xin cho.
Mt lp c nht nghing so vi mt phn
lp chnh mt gc nht nh. Thut ng c s
dng ch mt lp trm tch dy trn 1 cm.
cross bedded [3588] : phn lp xin cho,
phn lp ct nhau.
S phn lp giao ct nhau.
n: current-bedded.
cross bedding [3589] : phn lp xin.
1- Kiu phn lp xin trong cc lp xin
c dy trn 1 cm.
2- Mt kiu cu to phn lp xin.
n: false bedding; diagonal bedding; oblic
bedding; foreset bedding.
cross correlation [3590] : tng quan cho.
Phng php so snh cp ca hai dy hay hai
tun t s liu bng s.
cross lamination [3591] : phn lp xin.
Kiu phn lp xin c trng bi cc lp
xin c dy di 1 cm.
n: oblic lamination; diagonal lamination.
cross product [3592] : php nhn vect
v hng.
cross ripple mark [3593] : du vt gn
sng xin.
Kiu du vt gn sng hnh thnh t t nht
hai h thng gn sng giao nhau.
n: interference ripple mark; dimpled curent
mark; complex ripple mark.
cross stratification [3594] : phn tng xin.
S sp xp cc lp nghing mt gc vi s
phn tng chnh. Trong ng dng hin i, y
l chuyn t chung v c chia thnh hai kiu
phn lp xin: (cross - bedding) phn lp xin
vi chiu dy lp xin ln hn 1cm; (cross-
lamination) phn lp xin vi chiu dy lp xin
nh hn 1cm. Nhm n gin ca phn tng
xin l mt tp (set), mt nhm cc tp ging
nhau, lin quan vi nhau l phc tp (coset).
Phn tng xin ch yu do s thay i hnh dng
ca lp c bit l gn sng (to ra dng phn
phin xin mc yu), n ct hay gn sng
th (i vi dng phn phin xin trung bnh
n ln v phn lp xin).
n: false stratification;diagonal
stratification.
crossed nicols [3595] : nicol trc giao.
Trong knh hin vi phn cc, hai nicol hoc
hai tm polaroit t thng gc theo phng
truyn ca nh sng. nh sng truyn qua mt
nicol v b ngn li nicol th hai.
n: crossed polars.
crossite [3596] : crosit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu xanh, c
thnh phn trung gian gia glaucophan v
riebeckit, mt dng ca glaucophan giu st.
Crossopterygii [3597] : C vng mu.
Mt b ca c xng c vy phn thy, c
trng bi hp s, c khp, treo hm klu ghp
mng vung, rng hnh nn nhn vi cc np ri
lp men. C vy tay nm trong b ny.
crown [3598] : nh, ngn, chp; vnh.
1- (m) nh hay phn cao nht ca dy ni
150
hay ca khi xm nhp; nh, chp, chm; Vt
liu thc t trng thi nguyn dng, nm k
lin phn cao nht ca sn dc ng, dc theo
xy ra trt l t.
2- (cs) Phn ca khung xng Hu bin nm
bn trn ct thn, bao gm i lng, mt np
ming v cc tay.
crown holes [3599] : cc l vm, trn
(hm l).
crown reinforcing system [3600] : h thng
gia cng vm trn (hm l).
crowstone [3601] :
Loi ct kt giu silic rn chc y ca
mt va than.
crude [3602] : th, cha ch bin.
crude ore [3603] : qung nguyn khai
cha tuyn.
crumble peat [3604] : than bn b ri.
Loi than bn dng t v mm b.
crural base [3605] : nn mc tay.
Phn ca mc tay ni vi phin bn l
Tay cun.
crural plate [3606] : phin mc tay.
Phin ko di t nn mc tay hoc t mp
trong ca phin bn l ngoi ti mt v mnh
lng Tay cun.
crural process [3607] : mu mc tay.
Phn nhn ca mc tay Tay cun hng
nghing vo trong v v pha bng.
cruralium [3608] : b mc tay.
Cu trc hnh tha mnh lng ca Tay cun
thuc lin h Pentameracea c tc dng mang
cc c khp v.
crus [3609] : mc tay.
Mu nn ngn v cong, c i, ko di t b
bn l hay vch ngn v Tay cun, c tc
dng ly u sau ca th lc; ng vt
bn chn l cng ca chn sau, tc l xng ng
v xng mc.
crush [3610] : b mt, lp t b mt,
nghin, nghin .
crush breccia [3611] : dm v nhu, bin
dng; dm kt nt.
Loi dm kt thnh to ti ch, hoc gn nh
ti ch, do s phn ct c hc ca cc trong
qu trnh vn ng ca v Tri t (hot ng
un np hoc t gy). n: cataclastic breccia.
crush conglomerate [3612] : cui v nhu,
bin dng; cui kt c nt.
Loi c thnh to ch yu ti ch do
qu trnh v vn, bin dng (do hot ng t
gy, un np) cc nt n, d v vn, bao gm
cc mnh vn dng thoi c qu trnh mi mn
lm trn to nn loi gn nh trm tch cui
kt bnh thng. Loi ny c thnh phn
mnh vn v nn gn kt tng t nhau.
n: tectonic conglomerate; cataclastic
conglomerate.
crusher [3613] : my nghin .
crust [3614] : v.
1- (kt) Lp ngoi cng ca v Tri t, c
xc nh da trn nhiu tiu chun khc nhau
nh vn tc a chn, t trng v thnh phn vt
cht; phn v ngoi ca Tri t pha trn mt
gin on Moho, thnh phn sial, hoc sial v
sima chim di 0,1% th tch Tri t.
2- (trt) Trm tch dng phin nhn nheo, gn
sng, do bi to, to dng si, l hoc vn cc
(t nhng u mu to dng cu hay dng bp
ci) kt bi, tch t, kt vn dn lin , trn cc
ha thch hoc cc vt cht dng ht khc.
3- (m) n: ice rind; snow crust.
crust ore [3615] : qung dng v.
crust reef [3616] : va m tiu.
Loi m tiu San h hnh thnh trn mt bi
ngm di bin.
crustacean [3617] : V gip (Crustacea).
ng vt Chn khp thuc mt lin h c
c trng l c hai i ru xc gic trn u,
phn ln sng di bin. Nhm ng vt ny
ng hng th hai v s lng c th sau Cn
trng.
crustaceous [3618] : ng vt V gip, V
cng, mai.
Thuc ng vt lin lp V gip; c hoc
thuc bn cht mt v cng, mai hay v
ni chung.
cryoconite [3619] : cryoconit.
Hn hp ca granat, silimanit, zircon,
pyroxen, thch anh v nhng khong vt khc.
cryolite [3620] : cryolit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu trng hoc
khng mu: Na3AlF6, cha st v tm thy ch
yu trong pegmatit Ivitut, Green. Cryolit t
nhin v nhn to dng sn xut alumin.
n: greenland spar, ice stone.
cryolithionite [3621] : cryolithionit.
Khong vt ng thc khng mu:
Na3Li3Al2F12.
cryomorphology [3622] : a mo bng h.
cryoplanation [3623] : san bng do bng h.
Qu trnh gim cao v s bin i b mt
Tri t bng nhng qu trnh lin quan n
bng gi mnh lit nh t chy, bng di
chuyn, v.v.
cryosphere [3624]:bng quyn, quyn bng h.
Ton b phn t ng bng v lp bng
tuyt trn mt cc a cc, cc min hn i,
151
cc min ni cao c bng tuyt quanh nm.
cryptic [3625] : n, ngm.
Ni v cc sinh vt rn, nht l cc ng vt
khng xng sng sng kn o bn di San
h, trong cc hc .
cryptic layering [3626] : lp n.
Cc lp trong xm nhp magma m mt
thng khng th nhn bit c, trong c s
thay i mang tnh quy lut theo chiu thng
ng v thnh phn ha hc ca cc khong vt.
Cc t l nguyn t in hnh xc nh l Fe/Mg
trong cc khong vt mafic v Ca/Na
trong feldspar.
cryptic zoning [3627] : i n.
S phn i trong cc khong vt m mt
thng khng th nhn bit c. N c th
thay i cc nguyn t th (major) hoc tp hp
nguyn t vt.
cryptoclastic rock [3628] : vn n, trm
tch mnh vn n.
1- Loi trm tch mnh vn, trong cc
thnh phn nh nht ch c th nhn bit c
di knh hin vi.
2- Mt loi trm tch carbonat c kin trc
dng vn n tinh, cc ht bit lp c kch thc
di 0,001 mm, vi phng i cao di knh
hin vi thy kt tinh rt yu hoc khng.
cryptocrystalline [3629] : n tinh.
1- Thut ng v cu to ca c nhng tinh
th rt b v ch c th nhn bit di knh hin
vi. Ss: microcrystalline.
n: microphanitic; microcryptocrystalline;
microfelsitic; felsophyric.
2- Thut ng ni v cu to ca kt tinh
c tinh th rt nh.
cryptocyst [3630] : khin n.
Khin trc Ru ng vt Cheilostomata,
to nn bi s vi ha mt vch trong mc vo
trong xoang c th gn song song v bn di
vch trc.
cryptodeltoid [3631] : phin delta n.
Phin nm hai bn l hu mn ca ng vt
N bin.
cryptodont [3632] : Rng n.
Kiu bn l khng c rng mt s Hai
mnh v.
cryptofaunal [3633] : h ng vt n.
Thuc cc ng vt nh di ng nh V
gip, sng bn trn, trong v ngay xung quanh
cc ng vt ln c nh, nh San h, Bt bin.
cryptograined [3634] : vi ht, ht n.
Kiu kin trc ca carbonat c kch thc
ht di 0,001 mm, hoc di 0,01mm.
cryptohalite [3635] : cryptohalit.
Khong vt mu xm, h lp phng, thnh
to nhit cao: (NH4)2SiF6. Ss: bararite.
cryptolite [3636] : cryptolit.
X: monazite.
cryptomelane [3637] : cryptomelan.
Khong vt: K(Mn+2,Mn+4)8O16, ng cu
trc vi halandit v coronadit.
cryptomphalus [3638] : rn n.
Rn b th chai lp y mt s Chn bng.
cryptonelliform [3639] : dng Cryptonellacea.
Mt loi quai tay di Tay cun ging nh
cc loi thuc lin h Cryptonellacea khng c
vch ngn gia trong giai on trng thnh.
cryptoolitic [3640] : vi cu, trng c n.
Kiu kin trc trng c, trong cc ht ch
quan st c di knh hin vi. Thut ng cng
s dng ch loi c kin trc nh vy.
cryptorhomb [3641] : l thoi n.
Mt kiu l thoi chuyn ha ng vt Qu
bin c ca m ra pha ngoi l nhng l n
gin hay phc hp, thng thy lin h
Hemicosmitida.
cryptostome [3642] : Ming n
(Cryptostomata).
Ru ng vt hu mn ngoi thuc mt b c
i trong ngn v mt l ca cui phng
trc.
cryptovolcanic structure [3643] : cu trc ni
la n.
Thut ng do Branco v Fraas a ra nm
1905 v c dng u tin cho cu trc b bin
dng cao, dm kt mnh, thng c dng trn.
Ngi ta cho rng n c thnh to do hot
ng n ca ni la. Tuy nhin, thiu chng c
trc tip ca hot ng ni la nh: cc ni
la, s bin i nhit dch, bin cht tip xc
hoc khong ho. Ngy nay, nhng cu trc ny
c xem l kt qu va chm ca thin thch vi
Tri t hoc hot ng ni la n.
Cryptozoic [3644]: i Cryptozoi; i n sinh.
L mt phn ca thi gian a cht c trng
bng cc loi trong du vt s sng ch l
hn hu v l cc dng nguyn thy.
Ss: Phanerozoi.
crystal [3645] : tinh th.
Th rn ng nht ca nhng nguyn t ha
hc c sp xp hoc kt hp c quy lut v
biu l bn ngoi bng cc mt phng.
crystal form [3646] : hnh dng tinh th.
1- Dng hnh hc ca tinh th.
2- S kt hp cc mt tinh th ng ha tr
theo hnh dng, biu th s i xng ca tinh
th. Tinh th c mt hoc nhiu dng, vi nhng
i xng ring bn trong chng. Dng tinh th
152
c th c trng bng ch s Miller t trong
du ngoc nh [hkl].
crystal habit [3647] : dng tinh th.
Hnh dng ca mt tinh th, v d lp
phng, lng tr, si, v.v.
crystal tuff [3648] : tuf vn tinh th.
Loi tuf c thnh phn ch yu l cc tinh
th hoc mnh vn tinh th.
crystal vitric tuff [3649] : tuf vn tinh th-
thy tinh ni la.
Loi tuf c thnh phn ch yu l cc
mnh vn tinh th v thu tinh ni la.
crystalline [3650] : tinh th.
crystalline carbonate [3651] : carbonat
kt tinh.
Thut ng s dng ch loi trm tch
carbonat m do qu trnh thay th, ti kt tinh
khng cn c th nhn bit c kin trc
nguyn sinh ca n.
crystalline granular texture [3652] : kin
trc ht kt tinh.
Kiu kin trc ht nguyn sinh ca mt loi
trm tch hnh thnh do qu trnh kt tinh t
mi trng nc (thch cao, anhidrit, mui,...).
crystalline limestone [3653] : vi kt tinh.
Loi vi c thnh phn ch yu l cc tinh
th calcit c kch thc trn 20 micron hnh
thnh trong qu trnh to .
crystallinoclastic rock [3654] : vn kt
tinh, kt tinh mnh vn.
Loi trm tch mnh vn giu vt liu kt
tinh, v d nh loi c xi mng kt tinh.
crystallite [3655] : tinh th nh.
Thut ng dng ch vt th nh, m thnh
phn v dng tinh th cha bit. Crystalit biu
th cho giai on u ca s kt tinh ca
magma. n: stylolite (thut ng c).
crystallithic tuff [3656] : tuf tinh th.
Tuf c thnh phn ch yu l cc tinh th v
cc mnh tinh th.
crystallitic [3657] : thuc v tinh th nh.
Thuc v hoc c thnh phn nh crystalit.
crystallization [3658] : kt tinh.
Qu trnh vt cht kt tinh t kh, dung dch
hoc trng thi phn tn to thnh tinh th.
crystallization differentiation [3659] : phn
d kt tinh.
Trong qu trnh kt tinh ca magma, do thay
i cc iu kin l ha, mt s tinh th khong
vt c th c tch ra (c th chm xung hoc
ni ln) v tp trung li. Qu trnh ny dn n
s hnh thnh cc th xm nhp phn lp nh
thy trong cc mafic v siu mafic.
crystallization fabric [3660] : khung kt tinh.
Thut ng ch kch thc v mi lin quan
gia cc tinh th khong vt trong trm tch,
nh cc trm tch mui; xi mng tch t ho
hc; vi, dolomit ti kt tinh.
crystallization index [3661] : ch s kt tinh.
Poldervaart, Parker, 1964 a ra ch s
ny xc nh phng kt tinh v phn chia
cc lot magma giu st. Ch s ny c tnh
theo cng thc: CI=(An+Di'+Fo'+Sp')%.
CI: ch s kt tinh; An: Anorthit tiu chun;
Di' = 2,157003. Endi (enstatit ca diopsit tiu
chun); Fo'=Fo=0,700837. Enhy (enstatit ca
hyperten tiu chun).
crystallization interval [3662] : khong
kt tinh.
Khong nhit gia s hnh thnh tinh th
u tin v nhng git cui cng c kt tinh
trong qu trnh thnh to ni sinh (magma, nhit
dch ...).
crystallization texture [3663] : kin trc
kt tinh.
Thut ng ch hnh dng tinh th khong vt
trong cc trm tch, nh evaporit; xi mng
tch t ho hc; vi, dolomit ti kt tinh.
crystallizing force [3664] : lc kt tinh.
Lc pht trin trong kt tinh khong vt c
hnh thnh trong mi trng cng. Lc ny thay
i ty theo phng hng kt tinh.
n: force of crystallization.
crystallolith [3665] : ht to cu kt tinh.
V d nh to cu ton tinh dng a.
ctenodont [3666] : rng lc.
Ni v kiu cu trc rng mt s Thn
mm hai mnh c nhiu rng ngn ct ngang b
bn l.
ctenolium [3667] : rng lc ra khe.
Hng rng nh kiu rng lc nm ra di
ca khe t bm mt s Hai mnh thuc lin h
Pectinacea.
ctenostome [3668]:Ming lc (Ctenostomata).
Ru ng vt hu mn ngoi thuc mt b c
cc g dng lc ming.
cualstibite [3669] : cualstibit.
Khong vt: Cu6Al3Sb3O18.16H2O hoc
Al3(SbO4)3(OH)12.10H2O.
cubanite [3670] : cubanit.
Khong vt h thoi mu vng-ng CuFe2S3.
n: chalmersite.
cube [3671] : lp phng.
Dng tinh th c cc cnh v cc mt bng
nhau v thng gc vi nhau, c k hiu [100].
cubic cleavage [3672] : ct khai lp phng.
Ct khai khong vt song song vi mt
lp phng.
153
 cubo dodecahedron [3673] : hnh mi hai
mt lp phng.
Tinh th trong h lp phng c gii hn
bi khi lp phng v khi dng 12 mt.
cuboctahedron [3674] : hnh tm mt
lp phng.
Dng tinh th lp phng, gii hn bi cp
su hnh vung ca khi lp phng bng nhau
v tm hnh tam gic ca hnh bt gic bng
nhau.
cuesta [3675] : questa, a hnh n nghing.
i ni khng i xng c mt sn di,
thoi chnh hp vi cc lp nm di v mt
sn dc ng hoc mm dc ng do cc
lin vng l ra. n: wold.
cul de sac [3676] : li i, o.
ng hay li i c nht vo hang ng.
Culmanns graphical construction [3677] :
php dng th Culman.
Trong tnh ton p lc ch ng ca t ln
tng chn.
cumberlandite [3678] : cumberlandit.
siu mafic ht th vi cc tinh th olivin
(gn 50%) trong nn ilmenit, magnetit (40%)
labradorit v spinel. Thut ng mang tn thnh
ph Cumberland, Rhode, Island.
cumbraite [3679] : cumbrait.
phun tro porphyrit gm cc ban tinh
plagioclas bas (bitownit, anorthit) trong nn
labradorit, pyroxen n nghing, pyroxen n
nghing v giu thy tinh. Thnh phn ha hc
ca gn gi andezit hn l basalt. Thut ng
mang tn vng i Cumbrae, Scotland.
cumengite [3680] : cumengit.
Khong vt h bn phng mu xanh m
hoc xanh chm: Pb4Cu4Cl8(OH)8.H2O.
cummingtonite [3681] : cumingtonit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu nu nht
nhm amphibol: (Fe,Mg)7Si8O22(OH)2, lng
hnh vi anthophylit, cha calci v magnesi.
Cumingtonit c trong cha st b bin cht,
trong mafic v siu mafic, mt t trong dacit,
ryolit v cng l thnh phn ca uralit. Loi giu
st ca cumingtonit l grunerit.
cumulative curve [3682] : ng cong
tch ly.
ng cong tch ly l th ca hm phn
phi tn sut tch ly.
X: cumulative frequency distribution.
cumulative frequency distribution [3683] :
phn b tn sut tch ly.
Phn phi trong tn sut sau c c bng
cch cng vo tn sut c s liu ca tn sut
mi, cho n khi c c tng s tn sut bng
1 hay 100%.
cumulose deposit [3684] :
Lp t trm tch yu, c hu c, than
bn, bn.
cuniculus [3685] : rnh hang.
Xoang dng hang lin tc Trng l (nh
Verbeekinidae) to nn bi s soi rnh vch,
np i din vch lin k p vo lm thnh
nhng ng khu xon c lin tc, c tc dng
thng cc phng lin k vi nhau. Sn: cuniculi.
cunnersdorf twin law [3686] : lut song tinh
cunersdorf.
Loi him ca song tinh feldspar, trong
mt song tinh l (201).
cup [3687] : cc, i, chn.
Hc nn rng bn di na trc hay na sau
mt s yu t Rng nn; Hu bin l i
nm trn thn tr; Chn c l khung xng
thng c thnh kp hnh nn ngc vi khoang
trung tm m rng v khong gia cc thnh
vch b chia ra bi cc vch, roi hoc cc cu
trc khc.
cupola [3688] : vm.
Vm rng Trng tia Nassellaria v
Spumellaria.
cupolate [3689] : c dng vm.
Ni v San h su tia hnh khuy c y
phng v mt ming cong li.
cupriferous iron ore [3690] : qung st
cha ng.
cuprite [3691] : cuprit.
Khong vt ng thc Cu2O mu (
thm, ti, son, - nu nht) l khong
vt qung quan trng ca ng, khong vt th
sinh trong i phong ha thn qung ng.
n: red copper ore; red oxide copper; rubi
copper; octahedral copper ore.
cuprobismutite [3692] : cuprobismutit.
Khong vt h n nghing CuBiS2, lng
hnh vi emplectit, hp cht ca bismuthinit v
emplectit.
cuprocopiapite [3693] : cuprocopiapit.
Khong vt nhm copiapit :
CuFe4(SO4)6(OH)2.20H2O.
cuprodescloizite [3694] : cuprodescloizit.
X: mottramite.
cupropavonite [3695] : cupropavonit.
Khong vt: Cu1,8AgB5Pb1,2S10.
cuprorivaite [3696] : cuprorivait.
Khong vt: CaCuSi4O10.
cuprosklodowskite [3697]: cuprosklodow-
skit.
Khong vt th sinh, h thoi, phng x mnh,
mu vng-xanh nht hoc mu xanh c :
Cu(UO2)2Si2O7.6H2O, lng hnh vi
154
sklodowskit v uranophan.
cuprospinel [3698] : cuprospinel.
Khong vt nhm spinel: (Cu,Mg)Fe2O4.
cuprostibite [3699] : cuprostibit.
Khong vt: Cu2Sb(Te).
cuprotungstite [3700] : cuprotungstit.
Khong vt: Cu2(WO4)(OH)2.
cuprouranite [3701] : cuprouranit.
X: torbernite.
curetonite [3702] : curetonit.
Khong vt: Ba4 Al3Ti(PO4)4(O,OH)6.
Curic balance [3703] : cn bng Quyri.
cn bng t c dng xc nh
bo ha t ha nh hm ca nhit .
curie [3704] : n v o hot phng x.
c xc nh nh mt lng nuclid phng
x m tc phn r l 37 t s phn r trong
mt giy, xp x tc phn r ca 1 gram
radium tinh khit.
Curie point [3705] : im Quyri.
nhit m trn nhit , s nhiu lon
nhit cn tr trt t t tnh. c bit, nhit
ny quy lut ca st t ca vt cht khng cn
v n tr thnh cht thun t thun ty.
curienite [3706] : curienit.
Khong vt h thoi: Pb(UO2)2(VO4)2.5H2O,
thnh to cng lot vi francevilit.
curing period [3707] : thi gian bo dng,
thi gian bo dng mu.
curly bedding [3708] : phn lp xon.
Phn lp kiu cun xon.
n: convolute bedding.
currency [3709] : lu hnh.
(ktc) Thng ni v lu hnh tin t.
current [3710] : dng, dng nc, dng kh,
dng hi lu.
1- Dng chy tp trung ca dng nc,
khng kh hoc cht lng khc.
2- Dng chy ln ca nc trong i dng,
chuyn ng khng ngng mt su v mt
hng nht nh, d dng phn bit c vi
nc m n chy qua bng s khc nhau ca
nhit v nng mui. n: ocean current.
current bedding [3711] : phn lp dng chy.
Cu to phn lp hnh thnh do tc ng ca
cc dng chy(nc) v/hoc lung (khng kh).
V d cu to phn lp xin hnh thnh do tc
ng ca cc dng nc, hoc khng kh c
hng khc nhau.
current cross ripple mark [3712] : du vt
gn sng hin ti ct nhau.
c im ca lp c s tn ti ca du vt
sng hin ti, cc dng chy theo mi hng
khc nhau v yu hn do khng th ph hy
cc vt sng c trc.
current electrode [3713] : in cc pht.
Thanh kim loi tip t pht dng in
vo trong t.
current mark [3714] : du vt gn, mc
dng chy.
1- Bt k mt du vt no c hnh thnh do
tc ng ca dng nc trn b mt trm tch;
2- Du vt khng c quy lut ca thy triu
i ven b.
current meter [3715] : my o lu tc.
Thit b o lu tc hoc lu tc v hng
dng chy, hot ng da trn vng quay ca
cc cc hoc cnh qut di tc ng ca vn
tc dng chy.
current ripple mark [3716] : du vt sng,
du vt ln sng dng chy.
Du vt gn sng lch hnh thnh do cc
dng khng kh hoc nc c hng chuyn
ng tng i n nh trn b mt trm tch
ct. n: current ripple.
curtain [3717] : bc chn hay thnh chn.
1- Thnh to ni lin hai sn i hoc
hai b k nhau.
2- Mt trong s nhiu bc bc su sn
thung lng v c pht trin rng ri
canh tc.
curvature [3718] : cong.
curvilinear coordinate system [3719] : h ta
trn.
cuselite [3720] : cuselit.
Lamprophyr cha biotit v augit. Thnh phn
gia minet v vogesit, kersantit v spessartit.
Rosembusch t tn theo tn vng Cusel, Saar
Basin, 1887.
cushioning (in pile driving) [3721] : m
u cc.
m bo v u cc trong qu trnh ng
cc. X: packing.
cusp [3722] : mm ni, mi t; mu rng.
1- (m) a hnh c c trng bi mm
ni rng ca dng li lim bt k sn no.
V d: mm ni cong.
2- (cs) Cu trc dng gai, rng nanh hay hnh
nn (tc l rng ln) nm trc hc nn ca cc
yu t Rng nn; cc yu t Rng nn n
gin, y l mt yu t nguyn vn.
cuspate bar [3723] : doi ct nhn u, mi
ct nhn.
Doi ct hng ra bin, dng cong li lim,
hai u c ni lin vi b bin. Doi ct hnh
bn nguyt c th c hnh thnh do mt mi
c bi dn v pha b, sau to di ra v
quay tr li ni vi b hoc hai mi (hai u doi
155
ct) bi p nghing t b ra v sau hi t
li, to thnh doi chn ct hnh cong nhn.
cuspate delta [3724] : chu th nhn u.
Chu th delta c dng rng nhn do sng
bi p v pha h hay bin trong khi hot ng
mnh lit ca sng lan tri u ln trm tch
delta v hai pha ca ca sng, to thnh hai b
cong, mi trng lm u hng v pha bin. V
d: chu th u nhn ca sng Tiber vng bin
a Trung Hi, chu th u nhn San Francisco
Braxin.
cuspate foreland [3725] : mi t nhn.
Mi t rt ln, xut hin trng nh mt mi
rng, nhn hng ra bin, thnh phn chnh l
ct hoc cui, si. mt s b bin mi t
nhn nh ra bin vi km v chiu di mi ti
nhiu km. c hnh thnh do vt liu trm tch
vn chuyn dc theo b mt cch lin tc bng
cch hi t cc mi t nh n l, cc doi ct
ven b i ngc nhau hoc do s pht trin ca
cc doi ct nhn.
cuspate foreland bar [3726] : doi ct nhn
u, ct chn nhn u.
1- Dng chuyn tip gia mi t nhn v
doi ct nhn hn hp.
2- Doi ct c hnh thnh ni doi ct nhn
khp kn vng hoc vnh nh, bng cch bi p
b sung lin tc doi ct ngm ven b.
cuspate reef [3727] : m tiu nhn.
Vch m tiu San h xa b, su m hai u
un cong hng khut gi v gii hn li i gia
hai vch ngm San h lin k.
cuspidine [3728] : cuspidin.
Khong vt: Ca4Si2O7(F,OH)2. n: custerite.
customs [3729] : thu quan, hi quan.
cut [3730] : o, xc l thin.
Ct, o t , to mt ct trong t hoc
xy dng cng trnh.
cut and cover [3731] : o v lp.
Xy dng cng trnh ngm bng phng
php m, o t b mt t thin nhin, thi
cng xong li lp tr li.
cut and fill [3732] : san bng v lp y, o
v p.
1- Qu trnh san bng do vt liu b xm thc
mt ni no di tc dng ca sng, sng
ngi, dng tm thi hoc gi ri c trm tch
gn cho ti khi mt xm thc, lng ng
c thnh to v c phn bc mt cch u
n, ng nht. V d: xm thc bn sn b
lm ca sng un cong km theo lng ng
trm tch trong phm vi vnh ai .
2- S dng t o san lp v p cho
cng trnh (v d xy dng ng, xy dng
p).
cut off grade [3733] : hm lng ngt, hm
lng cng nghip ti thiu, hm lng bin.
Hm lng thnh phn c ch trong mt n
v tr lng m bo khai thc, ch bin v
tiu th c hiu qu khng m (tc l thu b
chi).
cut off trench [3734] : ho ngn cch.
Ho bo v v ngn cch nc.
cut off wall [3735] : tng ngn cch.
Tng bo v v ngn cch nc.
cut plain [3736] : ng bng ct x.
1- ng bng cu trc, tng trn ca bt k
no b phn ct bi qu trnh xm thc.
2- B mt nguyn thy c th hin mt
cch gn ng bng cc nh nhn ca cc phn
xm thc t nht.
cut terrace [3737] : bc thm ct x.
1- B mt hi nghing do sng xi mn, tri
di t chn vch ven bin ti bin.
2- Thm sng to thnh mt pha thung lng
do xm thc cc lp nm ngang c bn vng
khc nhau; c cu thnh bi cc gc bn
vng v cng do vy b xi mn t hn cc lp
gin v yu trn v di n.
cutbank [3738]:b xi, b ct; b sng bn l.
1- (m) Sn dc ng hoc sn treo pha
ngoi ca khc un cong ca sng, i din vi
sn li ca sng xm thc ngang.
2- (cctr) B sng b ct, l do xi mn (
nhng vng kh).
cutinite [3739] : cutinit.
Khong vt ca than nhm exinit cha m
sng (cuticl) thc vt.
cutoff [3740] : ng bin; ct thng; dng
chy tt, vch ph.
1- (t) L ranh gii thng c nh theo
mt phn lp, nh du ng bao ca mt phn
v a tng khi phn v khng c xc nh
bng xi mn, ngt qung, t on hay nhng
biu hin r rng khc. Ranh gii ny c th
c s dng trong o v bn , lp mt ct,
dng khng gian ba chiu, th hin ranh gii
tng trm tch. n: stratigraphic cutoff.
2- (cthv) Lng dn mi, ngn, ni hai v tr
ca dng sng lm cho sng ngn hn.
3- (m) Mng, rnh mi, tng i ngn
c hnh thnh do sng sui ct qua ch tht
ca h mng nga lm cho dng chy ngn hn;
Vch ph thm, p cho khi thm r.
cutoff spur [3741] : sng nhnh ct b.
Di tch cn li ca dng chy un khc ph
(dng nhnh) c hnh thnh do sng khot
su ph qua di t hp gia cc khc cong lin
k ca dng chy, n c th ng nh mt i
156
hay g n l. n: meander core.
cutout [3742] : mt va, gin on va, ct b.
Mt khi phin st, bt kt hay ct kt bi
lp mt knh bo mn ct qua va than.
n: horseback; want.
cutter bar [3743] : thp mi khoan, thp
my ct.
cutting edge [3744] : gii hn mt ct, bin
mt ct qua lp t hoc .
cutting nose [3745] : y mt ct, chn
mt ct.
cutting ring [3746] : vng ct.
cuvette [3747] : trng trm tch.
Bn trng ln, trong xy ra tch t trm
tch, khc vi trng kin to hnh thnh do qu
trnh un np trn cc c.
cuzticite [3748] : cuzticit.
Khong vt: Fe2TeO6 .3H2O.
cyanite [3749] : cyanit.
X: kyanite.
cyanobacteria [3750] : vi khun lam.
Tn gi khc ca to lam.
cyanochroite [3751] : cyanochroit.
Khong vt: K2Cu(SO4)2.6H2O.
cyanophillite [3752] : cyanophillit.
Khong vt: Cu10Al4Sb6O25.
cyanophyceans [3753] :
To lam (Cyanophyceae).
Ngnh To c trng bi c dip lc t v c
s gii phng oxy t do trong qu trnh quang
hp, bao gm c nhng dng n bo v a bo.
l nhm quan trng nht trong vic thnh to
trm tch stromatolit.
cyanosite [3754] : cyanosit.
n: chalcanthite.
cyanotrichite [3755] : cyanotrichit.
Khong vt mu xanh sng hoc xanh da
tri: Cu4Al2(SO4)(OH)12.2H2O.
cyatholith [3756] : v cu.
n: placolith.
cyathosponge [3757] : chn c.
n: archaeocyathid.
cycadophyte [3758] : Tu (Cycadophyta).
Mt lp ca thc vt Ht trn, c l kp, ht
trn, sinh sn ri trong bo t dip hoc trong
qu nn n. Gm c Tu v Tu thc th.
Tui: t Permi n nay. n: cycad.
cycle [3759] : chu k, chu trnh vng; vng
t, vng xc tu.
1- Mt lot s kin lp i lp li trong mt
khong thi gian, trong cng mt iu kin nh
lc u, v d nh: chu k trm tch.
2- Trnh t cc s kin xy ra ri kt thc,
trong s kin cui hon ton khc hn s
kin ban u, v d nh: chu k xm thc, chu
k bc mn, chu k tin ha.
3- (cs) Vng cc t D to cu
(Heterococcolith); San h l vng cc xc tu
cng tui hay cc vch ngn cng tui.
cycle of denudation [3760] : chu k bc mn.
X: cycle of erosion.
cycle of erosion [3761] : chu k xm thc.
1- Trnh t hon thnh, tin trin v tnh h
thng ca s thay i t nhin, hoc cc thi k
(hay giai on) ca cnh quan, t khi bt u
qu trnh xm thc vng mi nng cao hoc
mt vt l cho n lc phn ct to ni, thung
lng v n thi k cui cng, gim cao a
hnh mang tnh cht ca ng bng hoc mc c
s (nh mc nc bin). Theo mt s tc gi,
chu k hon thnh l t mc c s tr v mc
c s. Thng thng, chu k xm thc c
chia thnh cc thi k (hay giai on) nh sau:
tui tr, trng thnh v gi ci. Tuy nhin, vic
chia ra cc thi k u mang tnh cht gi
thuyt bi v chu k thng b gin an trc
khi kt thc. a hnh c to ra v ph hy
theo mt trnh t, l cc hm chc nng ca
kh hu, a l v cu trc a cht.
2- Khong thi gian trong chu k xm
thc kt thc; Thi gian bao hm vic h cao
khu vc va c nng ln ti mc c s.
n: geomorphic cycle; geographic cycle;
erosion cycle; cycle of denudation;
physiographic cycle.
cycle of sedimentation [3762] : chu k
trm tch.
1- Mt trnh t cc lp trm tch c lin
quan vi nhng iu kin v qu trnh thnh to
c th c lp i lp li trong mt ct trm tch.
2- S tch t trm tch trong mt bn trng
gia s khi u ca hai k bin tin k tip
nhau, bao hm cc trm tch c hnh thnh
trc ht trn lc a, tip l nc nng v
sau l trm tch nc su, ri li thay i dn
sang nc nng, sau l kiu lc a trong thi
gian bin thoi.
cyclic crystallization [3763] : kt tinh chu k.
Qu trnh kt tinh c tnh chu k ca mt s
pha khong vt trong thi gian lng ng
magma. Kt qu sn sinh cc lp c
tnh nhp.
cyclic sedimentation [3764] : trm tch chu
k, s trm tch c chu k.
n: rhythmic sedimentation.
cyclic terrace [3765] : thm hay bc thm
chu k.
Mt trong s cc thm sng ang th hin
y thung lng trc y c hnh thnh trong
157
thi k khot su lng ngng li mt thi gian
v thi k xm thc ngang hai bn sn chim
u th. V d: thm ng bng thung lng. Cc
thm pha i din ca thung lng to thnh
tng cp i hoc tng ng vi chiu di ca
mt ct bt k qua thung lng.
cyclocrinitid [3766] :
To vng (Cyclocrinales).
To vi dng cu i xng ta tia thuc mt
b c trng bi mt trc trung tm v nhng
nhnh nm st nhau xp thnh vng. Tui:
Ordovic-Silur.
cyclocystoid [3767] :
Phao vng (Cyclocystoidae).
ng vt c gai dng a nh thuc mt lp
c trng bi mt thnh vch, bao gm cc
phin vi c th phn thnh cc a ming v
i ming trung tm, cc vng ra v gn ra,
mt mt i ming phng v mt h chn mt
phn nhnh. Tui: Ordovic n Devon gia.
cyclodont [3768] : c b rng cong.
Kiu bn l Thn mm hai mnh c cc
rng cong ra pha ngoi, bn di b bn l v
c mt phin bn l nh (i khi khng).
cyclolith [3769] : to cu vng.
To cu nhm hnh trn hay bu dc.
cyclone [3770] : phn tch, phn loi.
cyclostome [3771] :
Ming trn (Cyclostomata).
Ru ng vt hu mn ngoi, thuc mt b
c trng bi cc c th hnh ng cht vi c
l ming trn v khng c np y.
cyclothem [3772] : cyclothem, thch k.
1- Thut ng trc y c s dng ch
lot cc lp trm tch trong chu k n, chim
u th trong k Pensylvania, l mt phn v
thch a tng khng chnh thc tng ng
vi h tng. V sau, cyclothem c lin h vi
cc thm khng n nh hoc vi bn ni lc
thng xy ra hin tng bin tin v bin thoi.
Trm tch lc a chim na di ca cyclothem
v trm tch bin na trn ca cyclothem.
Thut ng ny cng c dng cho cc c
tui v thnh phn thch hc khc vi
Pensylvani.
2- Chu k c s dng cho trm tch.
cyclowollastonite [3773] : cyclowolastonit.
Khong vt h ba nghing: CaSiO3, ng
hnh vi wolastonit v parawolastonit.
cylinder strength (of concrete) [3774] :
cng mu hnh tr (b tng).
Phng php xc nh cng khng nn
ca b tng bng cch p v mt mu hnh tr
c ng knh 150mm (6 in) di 300mm (12 in)
v biu th bng ti trng ti hn trn mt n v
din tch tit din ngang. Sc bn hnh tr ca
b tng bng khong 84% ca cng mu lp
phng c cnh di 150mm.
cylindrical structure [3775]:cu to dng ct.
Kiu cu to trm tch thng ng vi hnh
dng dng ct hoc thp.
cylindrite [3776] : cylindrit.
Khong vt: Pb3Sn4Sb2S14, dng hnh tr, tch
ra thnh nhng lp khc bit di p lc no .
cymrite [3777] : cymrit.
Khong vt h thoi: Ba2Al5Si5O19(OH).3H2O.
cyrenoid [3778] : kiu rng hn.
n: corbiculoid. Hin t c dng.
cyrilovite [3779] : cyrilovit.
Khong vt mu nu:
NaFe3(PO4)2(OH)4.2H2O. n: avelinoite.
cyrtocone [3780] : v nn cong.
V Chn u thon, cong li cho n mt vng.
cyrtoconoid [3781] : c dng nn cong.
V ca Chn bng c hnh nn nhng cnh
bn kh phng.
cyrtolith [3782] : to cu cong.
D to cu (Heterococcolith) cong hnh r
hay hnh m cho mo c cu trc trung tm
nh cao.
cyst [3783] : ti, nang.
Ti hay nang do nhiu ng vt nguyn sinh
hay cc vi sinh vt khc tit ra do u cho
mt pha sinh sn hay ngng ngh; cc ti ny
bao ly cht nguyn sinh v bo v n chng li
cc iu kin mi trng khng thun.
cystocarp [3784] : bao qu.
Cu trc sinh sn bao quanh v qu to .
cystoid [3785] : Phao bin (Cystoidea).
ng vt dng Hu bin thuc mt lp c l
kp, l thoi phin vch v cc chi tay. Tui:
Ordovic sm n Devon mun.
cystoporate [3786] : L bt (Cystoporata).
Ru ng vt hu mn ngoi thuc mt b c
c th hnh ng cht vi phn cch nhau bng
m c bt.
158
 dachiardite [3787] : dachiardit.
D
Khong vt zeolit mu trng n khng mu:
(Ca,Na2,K2)5Al10Si38O96.25H2O.
Dacian [3788] : Daci.
Bc chu u. Pliocen (nm trn Ponti, nm
di Rumani ca Akchagyl). X: Kimmerian.
dacite [3789] : dacit.
phun tro ht mn vi thnh phn c bn
tng t nh andesit, nhng c cha plagioclas
t calcit hn v thch anh nhiu hn. Nhn
chung, y l dng tng ng vi grano-
diorit. Tn ly tn tnh Dacia thuc La M c
i (ngy nay thuc Rumani).
dacitoid [3790] : dacitoid.
phun tro vi thnh phn ha hc tng
t nh dacit, nhng khng cha thch anh thc
(modal). Ngy nay t c s dng.
dactylopod [3791] : t chi.
t chi ca ng vt V gip Gip mm
(Malacostraca). n: dactylopodite.
dactylopore [3792] : ngn, ng.
Xoang hnh ng tng i nh v hp mt
s thy tc cha mt c th dng ngn.
dactylous [3793] : t ngn.
Thuc mt t ngn ng vt V gip; ni
v mt chn km nh Cu gai c hm dng
tha gn vo cc cung c th.
dactylozooid [3794] : c th ngn, polyp
ng.
Polyp khng ming, hnh thon v di, tr
trong mt ngn thy tc v lm cc chc nng
xc gic, bo v v bt thc n cho qun th.
dactylus [3795] : t ngn.
t th by v xa nht ca chi ngc ng vt
V gip Malacostraca. n: dactyl.
dadsonite [3796] : dadsonit.
Khong vt h n nghing: Pb11 Sb12 S29.
dahamite [3797] : dahamit.
Microgranit hoc paisanit giu albit. Thut
ng mang tn vng Dahamis, Island, Jemen.
Ngy nay t c s dng.
dahllite [3798] : dahlit.
Khong vt carbonat-apatit mu trng-vng
nht v thnh thong kt thnh khi dng cu.
daily capacity [3799] : sn lng (nng sut)
hng ngy.
daily output [3800] : sn lng hng ngy.
dalles [3801] : thc, ghnh, dng xoy.
1- Dng chy xoy, nhanh c thc ni su Deleted: .
hp, c b vch nh hm ni (canhon);
2- Mt phn dc ca mm , hm ni hay Deleted: .
khe hm.
Dalmatian coastline [3802] : ng b bin
x t, ng b bin Dalmatia.
ng b ph hp pht trin ni mc nc
bin h xung hay dng ln, to thnh nhng
ng ca o hp nh (tng trng cho dy ni
vng ngoi) phn cch bi nhng vnh nh, di
hoc eo bin (th hin cc thung lng song
song) nm ven ra, c xu th chung song song
vi b bin. V d ng b bin pha ng ca
bin Adriatic thuc khu vc Dalmatia, Nam T. Formatted
Dalradian [3803] : Dalradi.
Lot bin cht cao trn cao nguyn
Scotland tui Tin Cambri mun nhng cha
ng vt Cambri phn trn.
dalyite [3804] : dalyit.
Khong vt: K2 Zr Si6 O15.
dam [3805] : p chn nc.
1- Chng ngi vt t nhin (nh bng h, Deleted: a)
dng dung nham, t trt l, v.v.) ngang qua
mt dng chy (sng, sui) to thnh h, ao,v.v.
2- Mt bc tng bng t , b tng hay Deleted: lp chn nhn to hoc mt
tre, g... c xy p chn ngang dng nc
hay thung lng nhm mt hoc nhiu mc ch Deleted: xy kin c chn ngang dng
nh: to h tr nc, lm i hng dng nc nc hoc
chy vo mng mng, to nn mt cng trnh Deleted: :
thy lc u mi pht in, ci thin iu
Formatted
kin giao thng ng thy ca dng sng,
kim sot l lt hoc chn gi bn . Deleted: p cn c th lm bng g.
3- Mt h cha thng xuyn c lu gi Deleted: b)
bi con p. n: barrage.
Deleted: 2
damage caused by blasting and its control
[3806] : khng ch h hi do n mn. Deleted: b
Ch yu c 4 dng h hi do n mn l: h
159
hi cu trc; h hi do vng; h hi do n
kh; h hi do ting n.
damkjernite [3807] : damkjernit.
magma su va bao gm cc ban tinh
biotit v titanaugit trong nn ht mn gm
pyroxen, biotit, perovskit v magnetit vi s xen
k ca nephelin, microclin v calcit. Tn gi
theo a danh vng Damkjern (hoc Damtjern)
Na Uy.
damourite [3808] : damourit.
Dng muscovit b mt nc v dng tm t
do, nh long lanh, nh m hoc nhn v dnh
nh talc. n: talcite.
damp [3809] : t, m, c tnh m; lm m,
lm tng hm lng nc trong t.
damsite [3810] : v tr xy dng p, a im
xy dng p.
danaite [3811] : danait.
Dng arsenopyrit cha cobal.
danalite [3812] : danalit.
Khong vt: (Fe, Mn, Zn)4 Be3 (SiO4)3S, ng
hnh vi helvit v genthelvit.
danburite [3813] : danburit.
Khong vt h thoi mu vng cam, nu-vng
nht, xm nht, hoc trong khng mu n trong
m: CaB2(SiO4)2. Danburit c hnh dng bn
ngoi, tnh cht vt l v thnh to ging topaz,
dng lm qu.
dancalite [3814] : dancalit.
phun tro c cha cc ban tinh oligoclas,
clinopyroxen v him hn l amphibol trong nn
trachyt gm cc tm plagioclas vi analxim lp
y l hng. Tn gi ny ch cc vng
Dancala, ethiopi. Ngy nay t c s dng.
n: trachyandesit analxim.
Danian [3815] : Dan.
Bc do Desor (1847) xc lp theo tn nc
an Mch c d'Orbigny xp vo Creta
thng. Da vo cc phc h sinh vt, nhiu nh
nghin cu sau ny xp vo phn thp nht ca
Paleogen ca thi a tng quc t.
dannemorite [3816] : danemorit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu nu-vng
nht n xm-xanh nht ca nhm amphibol:
(Fe, Mn, Mg) Si8O22 (OH)2.
dansite [3817] : dansit.
Khong vt: Na21 Mg (SO4)10 Cl3.
daomanite [3818] : daomanit.
Khong vt h thoi: Pt Cu As S2.
daphnite [3819] : daphnit.
Khong vt nhm clorit:
(Mg, Fe)2 (Fe, Al)3 (Si, Al)4 O10 (OH)8.
n: chamosite.
daqingshanite [3820] : daqingshanit.
Khong vt c cu trc tinh th ging calcit:
(Sr, Ca, Ba)2 (RE) (PO4) (CO3)3-x(OH, F)y.
darapiosite [3821] : darapiosit.
Khong vt nhm osumilit:
K Na2 Li Mn Zn Zr Si12O30.
darapskite [3822] : darapskit.
Khong vt: Na3 (NO)3 (SO4). H2O.
darcy [3823] : darcy.
n v thm tiu chun, c xc nh bng
thm ca mi trng khi mt cht lng, th Deleted: mt
tch 1cm3, nht mt centipoise chy qua
1cm2 mt ct vung gc vi dng chy trn
chiu di 1cm trong thi gian mt giy, di p
sut mt atmotphe.
Darcy's law [3824] : nh lut Darcy. Deleted: D
nh lut v s thm ca cht lng trong mi Deleted: lm m, lm tng hm lng
trng l hng c biu th bng quan h tuyn nc trong t
tnh gia tc thm (V) v gradient thy
lc (i): V = K.i, trong K l h s thm. nh
lut Darcy ch ng vi iu kin chy tng (s
Reynold b), khng ph hp vi iu kin dng
chy ri.
dark colored [3825] : mu ti, sm. Deleted: .
Ni v khong vt to c mu ti (bao
gm mu xm-en, xanh-sm v en-nu nht),
nhng m c trong lt mng thch hc.
Ss: mafic. n: melanocratic.
dark halo crater [3826] : ming ni la qung
en. Deleted: .
Ming ni la nh trn Mt trng c bao
bc bi vt liu c mu sm hn hn vng ln
cn.
dark mineral [3827] : khong vt sm mu.
Nhm khong vt to c mu sm trong
lt mng thch hc, nh biotit, hornblend,
augit, v.v.
dark red silver ore [3828] : qung bc Deleted: thnh
sm.
dark ruby silver [3829] :
X: pyrargyrite.
dashing [3830] : tng lu lng khng kh vo Deleted: .
m.
dashkesanite [3831] : dashkesanit.
Khong vt h n nghing nhm amphibol:
(Na, K) Ca2 (Fe, Mg)5 (Si, Al)8 O22 Cl2.
data [3832] : d liu, s liu.
data record [3833] : bn ghi d liu, mu tin
d liu.
Trong chng trnh qun l c s d liu,
y l mt n v hon chnh ca cc khon
mc d liu c lin quan, c lu tr trong
nhng trng hp d liu c t tn.
database [3834] : c s d liu (CSDL), kho
d liu.
160
 B su tp cc thng tin v mt ch , c
t chc hp l thnh mt c s cho cc th
tc cng vic nh truy tm thng tin, rt ra cc
kt lun v thnh lp cc quyt nh. Bt k mt
su tp thng tin no phc v cho cc mc ch
ny u c coi l mt c s d liu, ngay c
trng hp cc thng tin khng c lu tr
trong my tnh.
database server [3835] : my ch lu tr c
s d liu (CSDL), kho d liu.
Trong mt mng my tnh, ti u ho tc
ca mng, ngi ta thng cc c s d
liu (CSDL) dng chung trn mt my ch. My
ny phi c ci cc phn mm qun l CSDL
nh MS SQL SERVER, ORACLE, v.v.
datolite [3836] : datolit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu xanh nht,
nm trong khe nt hoc trong ca diabas hoc
basalt. Datolit thnh thong lm qu.
n: humboldite, dystone spar.
datum level [3837] : mc chun, mt chun.
Mc phn b thp nht hoc cao nht ca
ha thch c th i snh c trn mt ct
mt vng rng.
Ss: chronohorizon. n: datum plane.
datum plane [3838] : mt chun.
X: datum level.
daubrecite [3839] : daubrecit.
Khong vt mu vng nht: BiO(OH,Cl),
ng hnh vi bismoclit.
daubreelite [3840] : daubreelit.
Khong vt thin thch mu en: FeCr2S4.
daughter [3841] : con (nhy).
Mt nuclid phng x c hnh thnh do s
phn r ca cht phng x m.
daughter mineral [3842] : khong vt con.
Khong vt kt tinh trong bao th, ph bin
nht l halit, carbonat v sulfat.
daunialite [3843] : daunialit.
L loi trm tch cha st montmorilonit
giu silic, khc vi bentonit ngun ni la.
ny cha 25% silic hu c (opal, chalcedon,
thch anh) v mt lng nh sericit, clorit v
caolinit.
Dauphine twin law [3844] : lut song tinh
Dauphin.
Lut song tinh trong thch anh, trong
dng n tinh ca song tinh trng nhau khi quay
180o quanh trc c. Ss: Brazil twin law.
davainite [3845] : davainit.
siu mafic (hornblendit) bao gm
hornblend nu, pyroxen, mt t orthopyroxen v
plagioclas. Ngy nay t c s dng.
davanite [3846] : davanit.
Khong vt: K2 Ti Si6 O15.
davidite [3847] : davidit.
Khong vt titanat-st mu nu sm n en-
nu nht, cha uran: A6 B15 (O, OH)36, trong
A = Fe+2, t him, U, Ca, Zr, Th, B = Ti, Fe+3,
V, Cr. Davidit l khong vt nguyn sinh trong
cc mch nhit dch nhit cao, trong pegmatit
v trong magma basic, cng tn ti vi
ilmenit v hematit. n: ferutite, uferite.
davidsonite [3848] : davidsonit.
Loi beryl mu xanh nht hoc mu vng-
xanh nht.
Davisian [3849] : trung phi Davis.
Gn lin vi trng phi a mo "Hoa K"
trn c s cc cng trnh v bi ging ca
William Moris Davis (18501934), nh a l-
a cht ca Havard, nht l khi ni n cc
lun im v bn bnh nguyn, chu k xm thc,
phng php m t, ngun gc a hnh. Gii
thch nhng khc bit v a hnh a mo bng
cu trc a cht, cc qu trnh a mo v giai
on pht trin.
davisonite [3850] : davisonit.
Khong vt mu trng:
Ca3Al(PO4)2(OH)3.H2O. n: dennisonite.
davreuxite [3851] : davreuxit.
Khong vt: Mn2 Al12 Si7 O31 (OH)6.
davyne [3852] : davyn.
Khong vt cha feldsparhoit clorin ca
nhm cancrinit:
(Na,Ca,K)8(Al6Si6O24)(Cl,SO4,CO3)2-3.
dawsonite [3853] : dawsonit.
Khong vt dng tm mu trng:
NaAl(CO3)(OH)2.
dayingite [3854] : dayingit.
Khong vt h lp phng: Cu Co Pt S4.
DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane)
[3855] : cht DDT.
Cht dit su b thuc nhm hu c, tn ti
lu, c c tnh i vi cc ng vt c xng
sng. bo v mi trng, cht ny cm s
dng Vit Nam. (DDT cn c tn gi l
dicophan v clorophenoton).
de pressurization of slopes [3856] : gim p
mi dc.
de stressed zone [3857] : i gim ng sut.
de stressing of rockbursts [3858] : gim
ng sut.
dead burned dolomite [3859] : dolomit
thiu kt.
L sn phm chu la c cng thc ho hc
l: CaO.MgO, thu c t s nung kh dolomit
hoc vi dolomit.
dead cave [3860] : hang ng cht, hang ng
161
 khng hot ng.
Hang ng khng c m, khng c lng
ng trm tch v qu trnh to hang b
ngng li.
dead cliff [3861] : vch cht.
X: abandoned cliff.
dead glacier [3862] : bng h cht.
Bng h (hay sng bng) khng c min tch
t hoc khng c ngun bng b xung.
dead lake [3863] : h cht.
H cn nc hoc h thm thc vt.
dead load [3864] : ti trng c nh.
Ti trng ca trng lng bn thn ca
cng trnh.
dead sea [3865] : bin cht.
Khu vc rng ln cha nc khng c sinh
vt sinh sng; nc bc hi hoc ang kt ta.
dead storage [3866] : dung tch cht.
Dung tch nc trong h cha kit n mc
khng th tho ra trong iu kin bnh thng.
dead water [3867] : nc t.
n: stagnant water.
de-air [3868] : lm thot kh.
debauchure [3869] : ming sng, ca sng;
ca knh, mng.
debris [3870] : mnh vn.
S tch t b mt ca vt liu b ri c
tch ra t cc khi do qu trnh phn hu c
hc hoc ho hc. Bao gm cc mnh vn ,
vt liu t v i khi l vt cht hu c.
debris avalanche [3871] : l tch.
S sp l t ngt ca t trn sn dc
xung do bo ha nc hoc do cc nguyn
nhn khc.
debris cone [3872] : nn mnh vn.
1- n: alluvial cone.
2- M t dng hnh nn c p cht, cc
mnh vn cu trc ht mn c xp ng gc
cht ca mt tng nht nh trt theo a hnh.
debris dam [3873] : p, mnh vn.
Khi vt liu bi tch ht th lng ng
nhanh ca sng, thng thng trong t l
qut v to thnh cc chng ngi vt trong
thung lng.
debris fall [3874] : sp vn, ri vn.
S sp mt cch t do (ri t do) ca cc
vt liu phong ha v t sn dc thng ng
hay t cc vch dc ng, c bit hay gp dc
theo cc b ct ca sng.
debris flood [3875] : dng l cung lu.
Thm ha l lt trung gian gia dng bn v
l c min ni.
debris flow [3876] : dng vn, dng bn.
Mt khi cc mnh vn , t, v bn di
chuyn, trong hn mt na s ht vn c
kch thc ln hn cp ht ct. Chng c th
chuyn ng vi tc di 1m/nm, c khi tc
rt ln, t ti 160km/gi nh Huascaran
(Peru) nm 1977. Deleted: .
debris slide [3877] : trt t (vn), tch t Deleted: :
t trt.
t, b ri khng gn kt chuyn ng
ko l-trt t trn xung to thnh a hnh g,
i hay ng vt liu c hnh dng bt k ta Deleted: .
nh bng tch.
debris stream [3878] : t, b ri khng
gn kt chuyn ng ko l-trt t trn xung
to thnh a hnh g, i hay ng vt liu c
hnh dng bt k ta nh bng tch. Deleted: .
X: debris flow.
decapod [3879] : Mi chn (Decapoda).
ng vt V gip thuc mt b c c trng
l c nm i chn n nhnh nm sau chn
hm. Tui: Permi n ngy nay. Deleted: :
decarbonated natural mineral water [3880]:
nc khong thin nhin kh kh CO2. Formatted
Nc khong carbonic ng chai m kh CO2
b thot, khng cn bo tn hm lng
nguyn thy.
decay [3881] : phn hy, phn r, t gim yu Deleted: .
v ph hy.
deccan basalt [3882] : decan basalt.
Dung nham tholeit khng c kin trc ban
tinh, ht mn, bao ph din tch khong 200.000
dm vung min Decan- ng Nam n ,
bao gm ch yu labradorit, clinopyroxen v
oxid st. Olivin thng vng mt, hoc ch vi
mt lng nh v thng phn b gn y ca
dng dung nham. Dng ny cn to nn cc Deleted: .
cao nguyn basalt rng ln Ty Bc Hoa K, Deleted: a)
tnh Thulean thuc min Ty Scotland, ng
Bc Ireland v Ireland. Deleted: b)
decementation [3883] : ha tan; phn r.
S ha tan hoc ra la phn xi mng ca Deleted: .
trm tch, nh i vi ct kt cc dung dch
trong l hng v cc ht vn khng kt gn c Deleted: nhanh
vi nhau lm cho nhng dung dch ny c th
chuyn ng trong , v d s ra la vt liu
carbonat t ct kt vi.
dechlorination [3884] : kh clo.
S tch tng phn hay ton b clor cn d ra
khi nc bng cc phng php ha hc hay
l hc.
deciduous [3885] : rng l hng nm. Deleted: .
Ni v cc thc vt c l rng hng nm.
decke [3886] : lp, lp ph.
Ting c dng ch lp ph, mi, t ny
i khi c s dng trong ting Anh.
162
 n: napple.
declination [3887] : t thin.
Gc to bi kinh tuyn a l v kinh tuyn t.
declinator [3888] : my o t thin.
declined [3889] : xin xui.
Ni v qun th cnh Bt c cc nhnh
cnh treo bn di phi theo mt gc nh
hn 180o.
decompose [3890] : phn r.
decomposition [3891] : phn hy.
Lm cho cu trc bn vng ca mt phn t
thnh nhng phn t n gin hn hoc thnh
cc nguyn t. Trong a cht, phn hy mu
cn gia cng mu ti c ht 75mm (200 mesh),
sau c th phn hy mu bng acid hoc
nung chy.
decompress [3892] : x, ni, thi khng nn.
decrease [3893] : gim, h thp.
decrement [3894] : lu lng nc di t.
dedolomitization [3895] : kh dolomit.
L qu trnh gy ra bi s bin cht m
mt phn hay ton b magnesi (Mg) trong
dolomit hoc vi dolomit c s dng
thnh to cc oxid, hydroxid v silicat magnesi
(nh brucit, forsterit) v dn ti s lm giu
calcit.
deep [3896] : su, bin thm.
H trng hay min trng c th nhn thy
ca y bin (di dng). Thut ng c hiu
ch su ln hn 1800 fit. n: abyss.
deep borer [3897] : my khoan su.
deep boring [3898] : khoan su.
deep earthquake [3899] : ng t su.
deep focus earthquake [3900] : ng t su.
ng t c tm su 300700km so vi
b mt.
deep foundation [3901] : mng su.
deep lead [3902] : sa khong chn vi.
Sa khong bi tch b chn vi di lp t
hoc .
deep level mining [3903]:khai thc tng su.
deep sea deposit [3904] : trm tch bin su.
deep sea fan [3905] : nn phng vt di bin
su.
deep water [3906] : nc su.
Khi nc m c c to ra do b lnh i
sau chm xung v lan ta su ln.
deep well [3907] : ging su.
Ging nc thng l ging khoan, c su
ln hn ging nng tiu biu vng ln cn. T
c th dng ch ging su 20m vng c
ging nng, su trung bnh 7-8m hoc dng
ch ging rt su, vng c ging khoan
nc su 100m hoc hn.
deep well disposal [3908] : chn nc thi vo
ging su.
Phng php loi b cc cht thi lng bng
cch bm p chng vo nhng ging su
chn vi trong lng t.
deerite [3909] : deerit.
Khong vt h n nghing c cu trc
silicat mch: (Fe, Mn)12 Si8 (O, OH)22.
Deerparkian [3910] : Deerpark.
Bc Bc M. Devon h (nm trn
Helderbergi, nm di Onesquethawi).
defect lattice [3911] : mng khuyt tt.
Mng tinh th, trong s lp i lp li ni
chung b gin on, to nn cc khuyt tt trong
tinh th.
defernite [3912] : defernit.
Khong vt :
Ca3(CO3)(OH,Cl)4.H2O trong skara.
deficiency disease [3913] : bnh thiu cht.
Bnh pht sinh do thiu mt (hay mt s)
cht dinh dng thit yu. V d: bnh bu c,
n n do thiu iod.
definitions of geometrical terms [3914] :
nh ngha thut ng hnh hc.
deflation [3915] : thi mn. Deleted: .
1- Qu trnh chn lc v di chuyn cc ht Deleted: a)
mn, b ri do tc dng ca gi, bo sa mc
hay cn ct, ni ct ven b bin.
2- Mt dng xm thc do gi. Deleted: b)
deflation lake [3916] : h thi mn. Deleted: .
H chim c bn trng do tc dng ca gi
vng kh hu sa mc v bn sa mc; thng rt
cn v c th c nc theo ma. Deleted: di
deflection [3917] : i dng, chch dng;
lch, xin, lch hng; bin dng. Deleted: .
1-(m) S chch dng hay i hng ca
sng sui mt cch tng i t pht nh qu
trnh to bi tch, xm thc ngang, hot ng
ni la, v.v.
2-(cctr) Lch hng khi khoan hoc ng
cc b nghing, mt thng ng; Kt cu b
bin dng, b vng.
Deleted: .
deflexed [3918] : un lch.
Qun th cnh Bt c on u ca nhnh
cnh treo bn di phi theo mt gc nh hn
180o nhng phn xa hn un lch i theo hng
nm ngang.
deflocculant [3919] : cht phn tn.
n: dispersant.
deformability [3920] : bin dng, kh nng
bin dng.
deformability test [3921] : th nghim
bin dng.
deformation [3922] : bin dng.
163
 1- Thut ng chung ch qu trnh un np,
t gy, trt, nn p hoc tch gin ca t
do nhiu ngoi lc khc nhau ca Tri t.
2- S thay i v hnh dng v kch thc ca
mt vt th rn di tc dng ca ngoi lc. S
bin i chiu di trn mt n v theo mt
hng xc nh. n: strain.
deformation mechanics of a roof bed in
stratified rock [3923] : c hc bin dng ca
lp vm (hm l) trong phn lp.
deformation modulus [3924]:h s bin dng.
deformation twin [3925]:song tinh bin dng.
Song tinh b trt i trong tinh th.
n: secondary twining.
deformed cross-bedding [3926] : phn lp
xin bin dng.
Phn lp xin trong cc lp b un cong
theo hng dng chy, thng xy ra trc khi
lng ng lp ph trn.
degenerative recrystallization [3927] : ti kt
tinh suy thoi.
S suy thoi ca tinh th khi ti kt tinh.
degradation [3928] : h thp, suy gim, bo
mn, xi mn.
1- Qu trnh lm mn dn, lm r dn v xu
th chung gim dn b mt a hnh Tri t
bng cc qu trnh t nhin nh phong ha v
xm thc, v d qu trnh o khot su lng.
i khi thut ng bao hm c s vn chuyn vt
liu. n: denudation (s bc mn, s bc tri).
2- Vi ngha t s dng hn l xm thc (xi
mn) thng ng, tc l qu trnh thit lp v
duy tr n nh dc ca sn.
degradation recrystallization [3929] : ti kt
tinh suy bin.
Kt qu ti kt tinh lm cho kch thc tinh
th gim i tng i. Ngn: aggradation
recrystallization. n: grain diminution,
degenerative recrystallization.
degradation vacuity [3930] : trng ht.
Gi tr khong khng gian-thi gian ca phn
b chuyn mt i trong qu trnh tch t bin
tin-bin thoi, v d nh phn trm tch h mt
i do xi mn theo thi gian ca tn ti trc
y mt khng chnh hp. Thut ng ny cng
c s dng thay th t erosional vacuity.
n: vacuity.
degraded illite [3931] : ilit phn hy.
Ilit giu kali b tch khi v tr cu trc lp
xen sau mt thi gian di ra la.
n: stripped illite.
degree [3932] : , mc .
(hnh hc), (nhit ), (cng ,
mnh, cp ng t, cp gi bo).
degree of compaction [3933] : cht (Id). Deleted: a)
cht tng i ca t c th c biu Deleted: th hin
th bng ch s cht Id tnh bng biu thc:
Id = (emax-e)/(emax-emin); trong :. Deleted: b)
emax-h s rng ca t trng thi xp nht;
emin-h s rng ca t trng thi cht nht; e-
h s rng thc ca t. Nh vy khi Id =1 t Deleted: ~ C hc bin dng ca lp
rt cht v khi Id = 0 t rt xp. vm (hm l) trong phn lp.
degree of consolidation [3934] : c kt.
L t s ca mc c kt ti mt thi im
no trn tng mc c kt ca mt mu t
ti mt cp p lc. Deleted: .
degree of freedom [3935] : n s, bc t do.
Mc (bc) t do (cch gi n phi tm
trong cc phng php s).
degree of saturation [3936] : bo ha.
Mc ngm dung dch (nc, du) ca
mu, l s o cc khong rng trong t c y
nc. Thng c th hin bng t s gia th
tch nc trn tng th tch l rng.
degree of sorting [3937] : chn lc. Deleted: .
Php o bin i s phn b ht trong Deleted: .
trm tch. C th c biu din bng biu thc
Deleted: .
sigma phi ().
dehydration reaction [3938] : phn ng Deleted: a)
kh nc.
Phn ng bin cht khi H2O di chuyn t
khong vt sang dung dch.
deionization [3939] : kh (tch) ion.
S loi b tng phn hay ton b cc loi ion Deleted: v c khi cn s dng
trong nc, c bit bng cch s dng cc nha Deleted:
trao i ion.
Deleted: b)
delay intervals in production blasting
[3940]: thi gian ch i, thi gian chm, thi Deleted: ,
gian ch mn n. Deleted: .
Cc khong tr trong n mn khai thc.
delayed runoff [3941] : dng chy chm.
Nc ma ri xung mt t sau chy vo
cc sng sui.
delessite [3942] : delesit.
Khong vt nhm clorit, loi clinoclor giu
st: (Mg, Fe+2, Fe+3, Al)6 (Si, Al)4 O10 (OH)8, tn
ti trong magma basic.
delhayelite [3943] : delhayelit. Deleted: .
Khong vt:
(Na,K)10Ca5Al6Si32O80(Cl2,F2,O4)3.18H2O.
dellaite [3944] : delait.
Khong vt: Ca6 Si3 O11 (OH)2.
Delmontian [3945] : Delmonti.
Bc Bc M. Phn cao nht ca Miocen
(nm trn Mohni, nm di Repetti).
delorenzite [3946] : delorenzit.
Khong vt m t u tin c cng thc l:
(Y, U, Fe) (Ti, Sn)3 O8. n: tanteuxenite.
164
 delphinite [3947] : delphinit.
Epidot mu xanh-vng nht tm thy Php.
delrioite [3948] : delrioit.
Khong vt: Ca Sr V2 O6 (OH)2. 3H2O.
delta [3949] : chu th, tam gic chu, delta.
Di t bi tch hp, phng ca sng (hoc
gn ca sng) dng hnh tam gic hay hnh qut,
b phn ct bi nhiu nhnh ca sng chnh;
c hnh thnh do s tch t vt liu trm tch
ca sng vi khi lng ln sng bin,
thy triu v dng chy khng th mang i
c. Phn ln cc chu th c mt phn nh
cao, mt phn thp di mt nc. Thut ng
"delta" k hiu bng ch ci Hy Lp () do
Herodotus (th k th 5 trc Cng nguyn) s
dng ch min t thp ca sng Nin, nh
tam gic ch chiu dng chy.
delta bar [3950] : doi ct chu th.
Doi ct c hnh thnh ca sng nhnh
ca sng chnh, c dng ch hay chu
th nh.
delta cap [3951] : nn chu th.
Nn phng vt (nn bi tch) hay qut bi
tch c hnh thnh ng bng chu th, c
nh hng ngc chiu dng chy.
delta cycle [3952] : chu k vng chu th.
Thut ng dng ch chu k kin to hai
pha ph thuc vo s xm thc ca sng v thay
i mc nc bin; bao gm c s lng ng lp
trm tch n nh sau l chuyn ng thng
ng (bnh thng l st ln) ca y. i vi
a mng lp y, yu t ch yu l s tch t
kiu chu th. Chu k c c trng bng s
thay i tng th ca ht t y bn trng
ngc ln trn, tng khi lng vt liu mnh
vn v hu qu l s lng ng vt qu s
st ln.
delta fan [3953] : qut chu th.
Trm tch c thnh to do qut bi tch
c nng ln cng vi chu th. n: fan delta.
delta front [3954] : mt trc chu th, pha
trc chu th.
i hp, ni xy ra qu trnh trm tch
chu th rt mnh m v gm nhiu lp ct lin
tc; xut hin trong phm vi su nh hng
ca sng bin ( 10m). l i phn cch gia
trm tch trc chu th v ng bng chu th;
n c th dc hoc thoi.
delta front platform [3955] : nn trc
chu th.
i nng, rng gn 5 km, nm pha trc
cc sng nhnh ca chu th delta.
delta lake [3956] : h chu th.
H thnh to dc theo b chu th hoc trong
chu th bng cch xut hin cc di chn qua
vnh nng hoc bng cch ng kn mt phn
bin bi trm tch chu th.
delta plain [3957] : ng bng chu th. Deleted: .
Mt nm ngang hoc gn bng phng, hng Deleted: .
v t lin ca mt chu th delta ln, hay ni
mt cch chnh xc hn, l ng bng bi tch
c c trng bi s phn nhnh, nhiu sng
nhnh v nhiu bn ngp lt gia cc
sng nhnh.
delta plateau [3958] : cao nguyn chu th. Deleted: .
ng bng chu th c nng ln cao hoc
b qun lng.
delta shoreline [3959] : b bin chu th. Deleted: .
ng b bin tin c hnh thnh do chu
th c rng ra v pha bin (hay pha h).
delta structure [3960]: cu to tam gic chu.
Loi cu to trm tch hnh thnh t 3 tp Deleted: .
hp lp: cc lp y, cc lp trung gian v cc
lp trn cng.
delta terrace [3961] : bc thm chu th. Deleted: .
Thm c dng hnh qut cu thnh chu th Deleted: .
v l phn cn li ca chu th sau khi sng b
bin mt.
deltaic [3962] : tam gic chu.
cp ti hoc c trng bi tam gic chu. Deleted: .
deltaic coastal plain [3963] : ng bng chu
th duyn hi. Deleted: .
ng bng duyn hi gm hng lot chu th
nh lin kt vi nhau; trong c nhiu g t
nhin phn cch bi cc bn trng.
deltaic deposit [3964] : trm tch tam
gic chu. Deleted: .
Thnh to trm tch tam gic chu c
trng bi cu to phn lp xin, c thnh phn
l hp to ca ct, st v cc tn tch sinh vt
nc l, vt cht hu c.
deltaic tract [3965] : di tam gic chu. Deleted: .
S ko di di bnh nguyn ca mt con
sng, c trng bi s thnh to trm tch vng
chu th v s lng ng ca cc trm tch
ht mn. Deleted: .
delthyrial chamber [3966 : phng cha phin
tam gic.
Khoang bn di nh mnh bng ca Tay
cun, bao bc bi cc phin rng hoc bi cc Deleted:
vch v sau v bn nu khng c phin rng.
delthyrial plate [3967] : phin tam gic.
Phin nm bn trong mt phng cha Tay
cun thuc b Spiriferida, ko di t nh xung Deleted: .
gia cc phin rng.
delthyrium [3968] : khe tam gic, khe delta.
Khe gia hnh tam gic hoc gn tam gic Deleted: .
nm bn di nh mnh bng Tay cun,
thng c tc dng nh mt l cung th
165
ra ngoi.
deltidial plate [3969]: phin y khe tam gic.
Phin c i mc t ra ca khe tam gic ca
mt Tay cun, v che i mt phn hay ton b
khe ny.
deltidium [3970] : lp ph khe tam gic.
Lp ph to nn bi s ni li ca cc phin
y khe tam gic m ng ni nhn thy c.
deltoid island [3971] : o chu th.
o nhnh c hnh thnh trn chu th.
deltoid plate [3972] : phin dng delta.
Vng nh cc phin xen tia gn tam gic
ng vt N bin, nm gn nh nhng i
ming so vi phin ming gia cc chn mt
gip k v ng trc phin tia. n: deltoid.
deluge [3973] : trn lt ln, i hng thy.
S trn ngp nc trn mt t.
deluvial [3974] : deluvi.
deluvium [3975] : deluvi, sn tch.
1- Lng ng vt liu vn, chn lc km trn
sn ni i di tc dng ca dng chy
khng thng xuyn v cha ht tc dng ca
trng lc.
2- L i tng tm kim, khai thc khong
vt nng (sa khong deluvi). n: diluvium.
delvauxite [3976] : delvauxit.
Khong vt: Fe+34 (PO4)2 (OH)6. nH2O.
demand [3977] : yu cu, i hi.
demantoid [3978] : demantoit.
qu mu xanh sng n xanh-vng nht,
trong, ca granat andradit, nh lp lnh
c trng, tn sc mnh hn kim cng nhng
c cng nh hn cc loi granat khc.
n: uralian emerald.
Demec gauge [3979] : ng h, thit b
o Demec.
demesmaekerite [3980] : demesmaekerit.
Khong vt mu xanh chai n xanh oliu:
Pb2 Cu5 (UO2)2 (SeO3)6 (OH)6. 2H2O.
demic [3981] : qun loi hn ch.
Mt qun loi lai khc th cng loi nh hn
qun loi loi. Thut ng ny thng c dng
ghp vi mt tip u ng ch bn cht hoc
nguyn nhn ca s tch ra mt nhm nh vy,
v d "topodemic" (thuc qun loi hn ch v
a l) ch mt qun loi phn b hn ch
mt din a l ring.
demineralization [3982] : loi khong.
S lm gim hm lng cc mui hoc cc
cht v c ha tan trong nc bng qu trnh
sinh hc, ha hc hay l hc.
demiplate [3983] : tm khuyt.
Tm chn mt ng vt Cu gai chm n
ng khu gn tia m khng chm ng khu
chnh gia.
demipyramid [3984] : thp khuyt. Deleted: .
Mt trong mi yu t cc rng n
Aristot ca mt Cu gai.
demosponge [3985] : Bt bin thng
(Demospongea).
Bt bin thuc mt lp c trng ch yu bi
c cht bt bin l ton b hay mt phn ca
khung xng ca n. Deleted: .
dendritic drainage pattern [3986] : mng
sng sui dng cnh cy. Deleted: .
Kiu mng sng sui trong cc sng
nhnh (hoc sui nhnh) chy v nhiu hng
di nhng gc khc nhau v nhn tng th trn
s trng ging nh mt cy gm nhiu cnh. Deleted: :
N c hnh thnh ni con sng thun dng c Formatted
nhiu sng nhnh v cc sng nhnh ny li l
ngun cung cp nc cho sng chnh. iu ny
chng t sng thun dng chy qua cc tng
nm ngang, ng nht hoc cc kt tinh
c bn chng li s bo mn xm thc
nh nhau.
dendritite [3987] : dendritit.
Khong vt kt tinh dng cnh cy.
n: arborescent.
dendroclone [3988] : gai dng cy.
Gai lin kt dng li Bt bin c thn
nhn v thng, u phn nhnh dng cy.
dendroid [3989] : Dng cy (Dendroidea). Deleted: ,
Bt c nh thuc mt b c trng bi
mt qun th cnh dng cy c nhiu nhnh bao
gm cc t , kp v ng xp thnh cc b
ba xen k u n dc mi nhnh; tui: Cambri- Deleted: :
Carbon; ni v mt s ng vt khng xng
sng to nn nhng qun th nhiu nhnh tng
trng dng cy, nh l qun th Bt dng
cy; ni v kiu phn nhnh khng u ca San
h dng b.
dendroid colony [3990] : qun th dng cy.
Qun th ng vt Chn c, trong mi
chn c th tch bit ra vi cc chn khc, tr
gc, khc vi cc qun th khi hay dng chui.
dendroid tufa [3991] : tuf dng cy.
Tuf mu xm l ra di dng nhng khi
nm, dng cu hoc dng vm vi kin trc v
m kiu ng tm hoc kin trc dng cnh ni
b km r nt hn. l tuf phn b dc theo
b h cn Lahontan Nevada, chng to
nn phn ln cc khi dng vm.
n: dendritic tufa.
denisovite [3992] : denisovit.
Khong vt trong kim Kola Peninsula:
(K, Na) Ca2 Si3 O8 (F, OH).
denitrification [3993] : kh (tch) nit.
S loi b nit hoc cc hp cht nit (c
166
bit l nitrat v nitrit) trong nc hay nc thi,
thng l bng vi khun.
Denness curvilinear cell counting method
[3994] : phng php m cong Denness.
X: stereographic projection.
denningite [3995] : deningit.
Khong vt h bn phng khng mu n
xanh nht: (Mn, Zn) Fe2 O5.
dennisonite [3996] : denisonit.
X: davisonite.
dense [3997] : cht.
Ch trng thi ca t sau qu trnh thnh to
t nhin hoc c m cht.
densimeter [3998] : densimet.
Thit b xc nh dung trng ca vt liu.
density [3999] : t trng; mt ; dy;
dung trng, dung trng t, dung trng .
Trng lng nc trn mt n v th tch,
thng s dng gram trn centimet khi. T
trng ca nc thay i khong t 1,0 cho nc
ngt n 1,07 cho nc i dng.
density bottle [4000]: chai xc nh dung trng.
density current [4001] : dng chy b c,
dng chy ln tp cht.
n: turbidity current.
density log [4002] : carota mt .
ng cong o gamma mt trong l
khoan ch ra mt khi ca t v
cht lng.
density of prospecting (exploration) net
[4003] : mt mng li thm d; dy ca
li thm d, mt thm d.
S lng cng trnh thm d trn mt n v
din tch, hay din tch cho mt cng trnh
thm d, hoc khong cch gia cc cng trnh
thm d.
dental concrete [4004] : b tng to hnh, b
tng lm y h o.
dental plate [4005] : phin rng.
Phin lp v ph xp sp khng c nh,
nm di v ly rng bn l Tay cun, v
ko di n mt v ca mnh bng; ng vt
c Ming hm (Gnathostoma) l mt rng n
ln to hn hn trong b rng.
dental socket [4006] : hc rng.
Hc nng b bn l mnh lng ca Tay
cun, ni mt rng bn l mnh bng
khp vo.
dentate [4007] : c rng.
C nhng mu dng rng hay hnh chp nh.
denticle [4008] : rng nh, mu rng nh, mu
rng ph.
Cu trc nh dng gai, dng u kim hay
dng mt ca ca nhng yu t Rng nn phc
hp hay dng tm; Tay cun l nhng mu
nh, nhn nm xen k vi cc hc rng b sung
dc b bn l ca c hai mnh v; rng nh
nguyn sinh hay th sinh trn mp ng khu
ca phin tia tm ngn thuc V gip
Cirripedia c tc dng tng cng khp ca tm
ny; ng vt c xng sng l mt vy nh
hnh rng, cng l mt cu trc nh dng rng
gn vi g mang.
denticulate [4009] : c mu dng rng nh.
C nhng rng nh, hoc c mt dy nhng
mu dng gai hay dng rng, v d ni v mt
v ng vt ph bi nhng mu nh vy; c
rng nh v u, nh l cy.
denticulation [4010] : c rng, b rng.
Tnh trng c mu dng rng, cng l mt
dy cu trc dng rng nh, v d nh cc rng
nh cc b trc v sau ca v Ostracoda
thuc h Cytheridae.
dentition [4011] : b rng.
S lng, loi v cch xp sp cc rng hoc
cu trc dng rng ng vt khng xng
sng, v cc rng ng vt c xng sng.
denudation [4012] : bc mn. Deleted: .
1- Tng hp cc qu trnh lm cho mt t b Deleted: a)
bo mn hoc h thp dn do nhiu tc nhn t
nhin khc nhau nh phong ho, xm thc, vn
chuyn cng nh hiu ng ph hy tng hp cc
qu trnh nu trn. Mt s tc gi dng thut
ng ng ngha degradation, tuy nhin gia Deleted: G
chng c s khc bit: "denuation" l qu trnh
xy ra mnh m giai on sm ca chu k
pht trin a hnh; cn "degradation" l qu
trnh xy ra mt cch chm chp giai on v
sau ca chu k.
2- Lp gc khng b ph, ni l ra trong Deleted: b)
qu trnh xm thc.
depergelation [4013] : tan bng.
Tc ng hoc qu trnh tan bng vnh vin
trn b mt.
depleted area [4014] : khu vc khai
thc ht.
depleted uranium [4015] : urani ngho.
Deleted: m
Urani ngho (vit tt l DU) l loi urani
ly i ng v urani-235, l cht c kh nng
phn hch (fission) dng trong l phn ng, ch
to bom nguyn t. Dng urani t nhin lm
giu ng v urani-235 n 3,2%-3,6% lm
nhin liu cho cc l phn ng v gi l urani
giu (enriched uranium). Qu trnh ny sinh ra
mt sn phm ph (c th c xem l cht
thi) l DU cn cha 0,2-0,3% urani-235. Nh
vy khi nim giu ngho y l nhiu hay t
urani-235 so vi urani t nhin. Urani ngho
cha ch yu urani-238 c hot tnh phng x
167
thp nhng v lu di vn gy hu qu xu i
vi sc kho, gy ra bi hot tnh phng x v
c tnh ca kim loi nng. DU c cc nh
sn xut v kh s dng do t s gia khi lng
v th tch cao tc l c khi lng ring cao
(gp i Pb). n DU c sn xut t urani-
238 cn li, c t trng rt cao, tc nhanh
c th xuyn qua xe tng, cc cng trnh mt
cch d dng. Khi chy n to ra l lng, c,
c hot tnh phng x vi chu k bn r 4,2 t
nm v vy c xem l tn ti vnh cu v tc
ng xu n mi trng sinh thi.
depletion [4016] : kit nc.
Lng nc mt hoc nc di t trong
bn mt i ln hn lng nc cp cho chng.
depletion curve [4017] : ng cong kit dn.
ng cong ch s gim dng chy hoc lu
lng tho gy ra bi s cn dn.
depocenter [4018] : tch t trung tm.
Ni s lng ng trm tch t cc i. Phn
dy nht ca bt k mt n v a tng no
trong mt bn trm tch.
depopod [4019] : tch t ven.
Mt bn trm tch nng c lp y vt liu
trn hoc gia cc vm mui trn sn lc
a ngoi khi Louisiana. Cc tch t ven
(depopod) u cha trm tch tam gic chu
nc nng hoc trm tch thm.
deposit [4020] : tch t; trm tch.
1- Vt liu t b ri hoc gn kt c
tch t t cc qu trnh hay tc nhn t nhin.
2- Khi nim khng chnh thc ch s
lng ng ca qung hoc cc vt liu qu c
ngun gc bt k.
3- (sk): tch t cc hp cht t nhin trong v
Tri t c th khai thc v khai thc c li.
deposit development [4021] : giai on chun
b m cho khai thc.
L giai on nghin cu chi tit (thm d)
m chun b cho thit k khai thc.
deposition [4022] : tch t, qu trnh tch t.
1- S tch t ca cc vt liu to thnh lp,
mch, hoc khi bt k do nhng tc ng ca
t nhin, nh s lng ng trm tch c hc ca
cc th vn ph sa trong nc, s kt lng ho
hc ca vt cht khong do qu trnh bc hi t
dung dch hoc s tch t vt cht hu c t cc
sinh vt cht, v.v.
2- Lng ng cc khong vt t dung
dch tht.
depositional [4023] : tch t.
1- cp ti qu trnh tch t, v d nh bn
trm tch, b mt tch t, v.v.
2- c thnh to t qu trnh tch t.
depositional topography [4024] : a hnh
tch t.
a hnh c hnh thnh do cc trm tch b
lng t trong mi trng chuyn ng, v d cc
barie ct, cn ct, doi ct ven bin, v.v.
depository bank [4025] : di trm tch.
depression [4026] : min trng, min st ln. Deleted: .
Phn bt k b mt Tri t b trng xung
mt cch tng i hoc khu vc t thp c
bao bc bi nn t cao hn v khng c li
thot nc b mt t nhin, nh vng trng (bn
trng) ni lc hay phu karst.
depression spring [4027] : mch trng. Deleted: chy xung
Mch nc l ra ch t thp do b xi
mn, st ln n ngang hoc thp hn mc
nc ngm.
depression storage [4028] : cha nc ch
trng.
S tch nc cc ch trng trn mt t.
depth [4029] : su, chiu su.
Khong cch theo chiu thng ng t b Deleted: d liu gc
mt chun ( cho) ti y bn nc hoc t
mt t ti y.
depth contour [4030] : ng su.
depth of exploration [4031] : su thm d.
su ln nht xc nh c theo cc d
thng a vt l, m cc d thng ny c
nhn bit trn phng nhiu.
depth of focus [4032] : su chn tm
(ng t).
Khong cch t chn tiu ng t n tm
ng t.
depth of penetration [4033] : su
thm xuyn.
su trong mi trng dn in m trong
cng in trng nh hn gi tr thc o
c trn mt t ca mi trng mt lng 1/e
(e-c s loga Napier). Tng t nh hiu ng
b mt.
depth point [4034] : im su.
Trong cng tc a chn l v tr m ti
tnh c su ca tng c o v.
depth rule [4035] : thut ton tnh chiu
su ca khi gy d thng, khi dn in hoc
vt th t.
Thut ton tnh su thng da trn cc Deleted:
gi tr cc tr ca d thng hoc cc gi tr o
hm ca trng, hoc trn cc khong cch gia
cc im o.
deranged drainage pattern [4036] : kiu
mng sng sui ln xn.
S phn b mng sng sui ln xn, khng
c quy lut v rt c trng cho vng bng h
hin i. H thng sng c b gi ci, phai
m cn mng sng sui mi chy theo nhiu
hng khc nhau v c nhiu vng m ly gia
168
cc sng sui.
derbylite [4037] : derbylit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu en hoc
nu: Fe+34 Ti3 Sb+3 O13 (OH).
dereliction [4038] : rt nc.
S h mc nc lm cho t kh i bin,
h, v.v.
derivative rock [4039] : trm tch.
Loi cu thnh t cc vt liu l sn phm
phong ho ca nhng c hn.
derivative structure [4040] : kin trc
dn xut.
Cu trc tinh th ca nhiu n v mng
c gii hn mt s yu t i xng, uc
thnh to do s thay th ca mt nguyn t ny
bng mt nguyn t khc, nh cu trc ca
chalcopyrit bt ngun t sphalerit.
dermal [4041] : da, b.
Thuc biu b ngoi, lp v hay th o ngoi
ca mt Bt bin; thuc mng bc, ngoi b
hoc da ca ng vt c xng sng.
dermalium [4042] : gai, b.
Gai thng chuyn ha ca Bt bin mt
phn hay ton b th o ngoi. Sn: dermalia.
derriksite [4043] : deriksit.
Khong vt h thoi:
Cu4(UO2)(SeO3)2(OH)6H2O.
desalination [4044] : kh mui (kh mn).
S p dng cc bin php lm gim nng
mui (gim mn) trong nc xung mc c
th s dng c.
descending spring [4045] : mch nc chy
xung.
Mch l t tng cha nc khng p di tc
ng ca trng lc, nc chy xui theo dng
ngm.
descloizite [4046] : descloizit.
Khong vt mu nu n en:
Pb(Zn,Cu)(VO4)(OH), ng hnh vi
motramit. n: eusynchite.
desert [4047] : sa mc, hoang mc.
Khu vc hay vng c lng nc trung bnh
nm nh hn hoc bng 250 mm, khng c
thm thc vt nui sng con ngi.
desert crust [4048] : v sa mc.
Mt lp cng cha carbonat calci v thch
cao hoc vt cht c kt c l ra trn b mt
sa mc.
desert dome [4049] : vm sa mc.
B mt li ca c sn phng, n iu,
th hin kt qu l ra lu di ca khi ni do
xm thc sa mc, v d vm Cima (Cima Dome)
sa mc Mojave, California.
desert pavement [4050] : l sa mc.
Tch t tn tch gm cui, si, mnh nn
cht, c mi trn, chn lc kh tt ph trn
b mt sa mc do gi mang i cc ht nh hn
v bo v vt liu nm di khi tc dng
thi mn. n: desert crust; desert mosaic.
desert peneplain [4051] : bn bnh nguyn sa
mc. Deleted: .
Lin h, i snh vi b mt xm thc do gi
( Nam Phi). Tuy nhin, thut ng c s dng
khng tht chnh xc bi v nhng b mt nh
th c hnh thnh do nhng iu kin khc
nhau v nhiu qu trnh khc nhau so vi bn Deleted: sut
bnh nguyn vng kh hu m t nhit i. Deleted: .
n: pediplain.
desert polish [4052] : mi mn sa mc.
B mt nhn, trn, sng ph bin cc
vng sa mc do gi thi ct v bi.
desert rose [4053] : hoa ct, tinh m khong
vt trong ct.
Mt tp hp tinh th sp xp i xng ta
trn ging nh bng hoa hng hnh thnh trong
ct hoc st. Cc tinh th ny thng l calcit,
i khi l barit, thch cao hoc xelestit.
Desert soil [4054] : t sa mc. Deleted: :
t hnh thnh trong iu kin kh hu kh
nng, him cy ci. Nm 1938 phn loi mt
nhm ln gm t c tnh phn i: tng b mt
sng mu cha vi v sau l tng t ct.
desert varnish [4055] : bng sa mc.
Lp hay mng mng bng long, en c Deleted: , nc ung
thnh phn l oxid st vi oxid mangan, silic
c hnh thnh trn b mt ca cui si, tng,
dm v vt l vng sa mc. Ngi ta cho
rng l do s tit dch hay s git dung
dch c khong ha do bc hi b mt. Qu
trnh pht trin nh vy tng t nh qu trnh
mi mn ca gi m ta quen gi l sa mc mi
mn. n: desert crust; desert lacquer; desert
polish.
desertification [4056] : hoang mc ha (sa
mc ha). Deleted: .
Qu trnh cc vng t c cy c, ng vt
c tr tr thnh kh cn, khng thun li cho Deleted: t
vic canh tc, sinh sng do nhiu tc ng t
nhin (bin i kh hu, cn kit ngun nc), Deleted: .
cng nh nhn to (ph rng, chn th gia sc
n c qu mc). Deleted:
desiccation breccia [4057] : dm kt bn kh.
Loi dm kt c hnh thnh khi cc a gic
vt nt bn kh b v vn thnh cc mnh vn
gc cnh, c lng t cng vi nhng trm tch
khc. n: mud breccia.
desiccation conglomerate [4058] : cui kt
bn kh.
Loi cui kt c thnh to t cc mnh vn
169
c bo mn t mt lp bn kh nt n b qu
trnh vn chuyn bo trn.
n: mudstone conglomerate.
desiccation crack [4059] : vt nt kh.
Vt nt n trong trm tch hnh thnh do kh
hn. n: drying crack; desiccation fissure;
desiccation mark.
design chart [4060] : biu thit k.
design load [4061] : ti trng thit k.
desilication [4062] : kh silic.
S di chuyn ca silic (Si) t hoc magma
do s ph hy ca silicat v s gii phng silic,
hoc do s phn ng gia th magma vi cc
vy quanh.
desinfection [4063] : ty u (cthv).
Vic x l nc nhm loi b hoc v hiu
ha cc tc nhn gy bnh trong nc.
desma [4064] : gai lin kt dng li.
Gai silic phn nhnh khng u ca Bt bin,
mang cc mu c sn ci vo nhau vi gai
lin k. Sn: desmas, desmata.
desmodont [4065]:Rng chng (Desmodonta).
B rng ca Thn mm hai mnh c trng
bi s nh ln ca mt mu chng trong ln trn
ng bn l; Thn mm hai mnh thuc mt b
m mnh v c hai vt bm c bng nhau v
mt xoang o, khng c rng bn l hoc rng
bn l khng u, lin quan n s c mt ca
mu chng trong.
desmoid [4066] : gai dng lin kt.
Gai silic ca Bt bin mang mu ging nh
gai lin kt dng li nhng khng ci vo nhau
vi gai lin k.
Desmoinesian [4067] : Desmoinesi.
Lot Bc M, phn trn Pensylvani trung
(trn Atokan, di Missouri).
despujolsite [4068] : despujolsit.
Khong vt h su phng:
Ca3 Mn+4 (SO4)2 (OH)6. 3H2O.
dess [4069] : bn dess.
Thut ng c s dng vng Moroco
ch loi bt c mt dng chy mi a vo
vng kh hu kh lm lng ng (Termier v
Termier, 1963).
destructional [4070] : ph hy, tn ph.
Mt dng a hnh no c ngun gc hoc
tnh cht chung i vi s di chuyn (chuyn
dch) vt cht do tc dng xm thc hoc phong
ha; v d nh hm ni hoc ni mt bn.
detail feasibility study [4071] : nghin cu
kh thi chi tit.
detailed exploration [4072] : thm d chi tit.
detector [4073] : b d, my d, my
tch sng.
Thnh phn ca b cm bin c tc dng
bin i bc x in t thnh tn hiu c th ghi
nhn c.
detonating (high) explosives [4074] : cht n.
detonation [4075] : n, kch n.
detonator [4076] : kp n.
detrital [4077] : mnh vn, vn .
cp ti hoc c hnh thnh t cc mnh
vn. Thut ng ny c th ch ngun mnh vn
t bn ngoi bn tch t hoc ni bn.
detrital fan [4078] : qut trm tch mnh vn. Deleted: .
X: alluvial fan. Deleted: :
detrital mineral [4079] : khong vt vn.
Ht khong vt hnh thnh t s phn r c
hc ca m, v d nh khong vt nng tm
thy trong cc thnh to trm tch.
detrital ratio [4080] : t l ht vn. Deleted: .
detrital rock [4081] : trm tch mnh vn. Deleted: .
1- Loi cu thnh ban u t cc ht vn
hoc mnh vn c phn r t nhng c
trc do qu trnh phong ho hay bo mn. Deleted: :
2- trm tch c hn 50% vt liu vn. Formatted
detrital sediment [4082] : trm tch mnh
vn. Deleted: .
Mt thnh to trm tch c hnh thnh do
qu trnh tch t cc mnh vn. Nhng mnh
vn ny c gc gc t cc c trc v c
vn chuyn ti ni tch t.
detritus [4083] : mnh vn.
Mnh vn v khong vt b cc qu trnh
c hc (phn r, mi mn) lm tch khi cc
m ca chng.
deuteric [4084] : sinh sau.
L nhng phn ng gia cc khong vt
magma nguyn sinh vi nhng dung dch giu
nc c tch ra t chnh th magma giai
on mun trong qu trnh ngui lnh. n:
paulopost; epimagmatic; autometamorphism;
sysnantexic.
deuteroconch [4085] : phng hng th.
Trng l ln l phng nm gip ngay sau
phng khi thy.
deuteroforamen [4086] : l th sinh.
L ming th sinh c lp i vi phin rng
mt s Trng l cun vng.
deuterogene [4087] : sinh sau.
Danh t c ch ra cc th sinh-l cc
c thnh to t cc tn ti trc .
deuteropore [4088] : l th sinh.
L nguyn sinh hp nht li thnh mt
khoang l n ln hn vch v ngoi ca
Trng l.
deutonymph [4089] : giai on nhng trn
th hai.
170
 Giai on pht trin th hai ca ng vt,
dng Nhn thuc b Acarida.
developed area [4090] : khu vc (din tch)
pht trin.
developed ore [4091] : qung chun b
khai thc.
developing ore [4092] : qung ang thm d
chun b khai thc.
development [4093] : pht trin (nc ngm).
1- S xc ra, lm sch ging tng lu
lng khai thc.
2- Khai thc nc di t.
development plan [4094] : k hoch pht
trin, s quy hoch.
deviation [4095] : lch qun phng;
lch, sai lch.
1- i vi mt tp hp mu Xi, i = 1...n bin
phn c xc nh bng cng thc:
1 N 2 2 v p sut kh quyn t ti mt ngng
D= X i X . nht nh.
N 1 i =1
i vi mt tp hp nhm mu Xi, i=1...n
bin phn c xc nh bng cng thc:.
1N 2 2
D= X i X .
N i =1
2- Gi tr khc bit ca mt ln quan trc so
vi gi tr trung bnh ca mt tp hp cc s liu
quan trc c. Khi nim lch
chun (standard deviation) l s o ca mt di
quan trc.
deviator strain [4096] : bin sut (bin dng)
khc bit, chnh lch.
deviator stress [4097] : ng sut lch.
Mc chnh lch gia cc ng sut chnh
1, ph 3 trong th nghim nn ba trc (1 l
ng sut theo phng thng ng v 3 l ng
sut hng tc dng ln mu t).
deviatoric component of stress [4098] : thnh
phn ng sut lch.
Thnh phn khc bit (chnh lch) ca ng
sut.
devilline [4099] : devilin.
Khong vt mu xanh m:
Cu4Ca(SO4)2(OH)6.3H2O. n: devillite.
Devonian [4100] : Devon.
K ca i Palezozoi (sau k Silur v trc
k Carbon), c khong thi gian ko di t 408-
362,5 triu nm trc (Harland et al., 1990),
tng ng vi h Devon do Sedgwick v
Murchison xc lp (1839) theo mt ct qun
Devon, min nam nc Anh. H gm ba thng.
Vic phn bc thng trn v phn trn thng
gia t s thng nht, cc phn cn li
ang cn nhiu kin khc nhau do tng trm
tch khng ging nhau gia cc khu vc. Bc
M, h Devon c chia ra nhiu thng v cc
bc y ch tng ng khi lng ph bc
chu u. X: age of fishes.
devonite [4101] : devonit.
Diabas porphyrit c cha cc ban tinh
labradorit ln, giu kali trong nn plagioclas v
clinopyroxen b bin i. Tn ny do
Johannsen ngh nm 1910 cho cc vng
ni Devon, bang Massachusett-Hoa K. Hin
nay t c s dng.
dew [4102] : sng.
Nhng ht nc nh c to ra bi s
ngng kt hi nc trong kh quyn v tch ng
trn l cy hoc cc vt th gn mt t.
dew point [4103] : im sng.
Thi im m hi nc trong kh quyn bt
u tch ng thnh sng khi m, nhit
dewatering [4104] : thot nc, h mc
nc ngm.
H mc nc ngm, lm kh t bng cch
ht nc trong t, h mc nc ngm o
h mng.
deweylite [4105] : deweylit.
Hp cht 2:1 v 1:1 ca silicat lp khi tm
mt ba. n: gymnite.
dewindtite [4106] : dewindtit.
Khong vt th sinh mu vng nht:
Pb (UO2)2 (PO4)2. 3H2O.
dextral [4107] : bn phi.
Thuc v, nghing v hay cun v bn phi,
nht l ni v kiu cun theo chiu kim ng h
ca v Chn bng khi nhn t pha nh.
dextral imbrication [4108] : xp lp phi.
Tnh trng D to cu (Heterococcolith)
trong mi t nm gi ln t bn phi khi
nhn t pha tm ca vng t.
DFT [4109] : ri rc ho nh s bng hm
fourier (tc) Vit tt ca t: Discrete Fourier Formatted
Transforms. Formatted
diabantite [4110] : diabantit.
Formatted
Khong vt nhm clorit trong hc ca
magma basic (Mg, Fe+2, Al)6 (Si, Al)4 O10 (OH)8.
diabase [4111] : diabas.
Hoa K quan nim y l xm nhp
ch yu bao gm labradorit, pyroxen v c
c trng bi kin trc ophit. Tn gi ny c
dng cho cc magma m ngy nay c xp
tng t nh diorit. n: dolerit.
diabasic [4112] : diabas, kin trc diabas.
Kemp (1900) quan nim rng kin trc
"diabasic" ch p dng cho cc kin trc trong
171
 plagioclas chim u th hn so vi augit lp
y khong trng gia chng; cn kin trc
"ophit" ch r s chim u th ca augit so vi
plagioclas. n: nesophitic.
diablastic [4113] : thuc v kin trc
diablastic.
Kin trc ca cc bin cht bao gm s
mc xen phc tp v s xuyn ct ln nhau ca
cc hp phn, thng thng c hnh dng ko
di.
diaboleite [4114] : diaboleit.
Khong vt mu xanh da tri:
Pb2CuCl2(OH)4.
diabrochite [4115] : diabrochit.
bin cht c thnh phn khong vt b
xuyn ct mnh m bi cc dung dch hoc bt
kh i ln do s thm thu tng phn, nhng
khng c lin quan vi s tim nhp ca vt
liu granit.
diachron [4116] : diachron, thi on.
Phn v c bn ca a thi khng ng thi,
khng theo cp bc, c ln khc nhau v l
khong thi gian c trng cho tng phn v
hoc nhm phn v thch a tng, a tng bn
, sinh a tng, th nhng a tng.
diachronic unit [4117] : phn v diachron,
phn v thi on.
Phn v c ln khng ng u, c trng
cho phn v thch a tng, sinh a tng, th
nhng a tng, hoc tp hp ca nhng phn
v trn. Mt hoc c hai ranh gii ca phn v
thi on l bin tin. n v c bn khng th
bc l diachron; cng c khi s dng h thng
thut ng episode, phase, span, hoc cline theo
thang th bc gim dn.
diachronous [4118] : khng ng thi.
Ni v phn v a tng c tui thay i trong
cc vng khc nhau, hoc s ct cho thi gian
ca ranh gii cc phn v, cc i sinh vt.
n: time-trasgressive.
diachronous progressive metamorphism
[4119] : hot ng bin cht a k.
Hot ng bin cht xy ra theo chiu tng
dn nhit , ng thi phn nh tui cng gi,
bin cht cng cao. Khc vi bin cht trong
mt thi on nht nh.
diacrystallic [4120] : diacrystalic.
Cu to ti kt tinh thnh v nhng n
khong trong c s xen ln nhau ca nhng
tinh th nm k nhau.
diactine [4121] : gai hai tia.
Gai Bt bin c hai tia thng l n trc.
diadochite [4122] : diadochit.
Khong vt mu nu hoc vng nht, ng
hnh vi sarmientit: Fe2(PO4)(SO4)(OH).5H2O.
n: destinezite.
diadysite [4123] : diadisit.
Migmatit bao gm cc di granit v m
bin cht.
diaene [4124] : gai hai nhnh.
Gai Bt bin c hai nhnh di bng nhau v
mt nhnh c di khc, thng l di hn,
cng l mt gai ba nhnh c mt nhnh gim
thoi hay l khng c.
diagenesis [4125] : qu trnh to . Deleted: .
Ton b nhng bin i sinh, ho, l ca
trm tch sau s lng ng ban u v trong khi
hay sau s thnh ca n.
diagenetic [4126] : to . Deleted: .
cp ti hoc nguyn do qu trnh to .
n: postdepositional. Deleted: T
diagenetic differentiation [4127] : phn d
qu trnh thnh ; phn d to .
S ti phn b vt liu bn trong mt trm
tch do s ho tan v khuych tn v pha cc
trung im hoc nhn, ni xut hin qu trnh
ti tch t dn ti s phn t ca cc thnh phn
ph tr thnh cc dng hnh thi v cu to khc
nhau, nh nhng kt hch trong vi hay kt Deleted: nhng
vn trong phin st.
diagenetic facies [4128] : tng to . Deleted: khong a
1- Mt tng bao gm tt c cc hoc vt Deleted: bao gm nhng khong thi
liu trm tch, do qu trnh to , hnh thnh gian
cc t hp khong vt t mt mi trng to Deleted: c
c trng. Deleted: bi
2- Mt tng tng ng vi giai on sm
Deleted: gii hn khng chnh hp,
ca qu trnh phong ho.
diaglyph [4129] : vt hn mt lp. Deleted: c bit
Du vt trn mt c hnh thnh trong qu Deleted: khong a thi
trnh thnh , du vt ny c th l vt tch ca Deleted: thi k
tinh th mui, thch cao, calcit, hoc vt tch
Deleted: nu cn th bc, th c
ca di tch hu c, v.v. m t l
diagnosis [4130] : php chn on, d on.
Deleted: xuyn
diagnostic mineral [4131] : khong vt ch
th. Deleted: cng
Khong vt olivin hoc thch anh c trong Deleted: .. th d gi mt thnh h trm
magma ch th cho loi cha bo ha hoc tch lin quan ti mi trng trm tch
bin nng nh ct bin c hnh thnh
bo ha. n: symptomatic mineral. trong thi k tin hoc thoi ca ng
diagram [4132] : biu , s , th. b v hnh thnh tng tr hn theo
phng ca bin dch chuyn.
diagrammatic [4133] : biu , bng s ,
bng biu .
dial gauge (gage) [4134] : ng h.
Thit b o (bin dng).
diallagite [4135] : dialagit.
Pyroxenit gm ton b l dialag. Nhng
pyroxen khc, hornblend, spinel v granat c
th gp di dng cc khong vt ph t c
s dng.
172
 diamagnetic [4136] : nghch t.
Vt cht c t cm gi tr m v nh. Tt
c cc vt cht khng c tnh cht thun t hoc
khng theo quy lut t u l vt cht nghch t.
diametral spine [4137] : gai theo ng knh.
Gai gn lin xung nn i li vi gai ta tia,
v i qua ng knh nang trung tm ca Trng
tia Acantharina.
diamond [4138] : kim cng.
1- Khong vt ng thc, tinh th ca
carbon c trng trong t nhin, lng hnh vi
graphit v l khong vt c cng ln nht (
cng 10 theo thang Mohs). Kim cng thng
c dng khi tm mt, hnh thnh trong iu
kin nhit v p sut cc ln v c dng dm
trong siu basic, trong hng ni la. Kim cng
trong sut khng c vt nt l loi qu rt
gi tr.
2- Sn phm kt tinh nhn to ca carbon
ging nh t nhin.
3- Khong vt kt tinh ging nh kim cng,
nh lp lnh nh "Alencon diamond" (thch anh
m khi lm trang sc), c bit mt s loi
kt tinh p nh "Bristol diamond",
"Herkimer diamond", "Lake george diamond"
v "Arkansas diamond".
diamond chip [4139] : mnh vn kim cng.
Mnh khong vt kim cng cha ct gt,
trng lng nh hn 0,75 cara.
diamond coring bit [4140] : mi khoan ly li
bng kim cng.
diamond crown bit [4141] : mi khoan kim
cng.
diamond drill cores [4142] : li khoan kim
cng.
diamond drilling [4143] : khoan kim cng.
X: core drilling.
diamond drilling for structural
investigations [4144] : khoan kim cng trong
kho st cu trc.
diamond point bit [4145] : li khoan u
kim cng.
diamond spar [4146] : spar kim cng.
X: corundum.
diamond structure [4147] : kin trc
kim cng.
Loi cu trc tinh th, trong mi nguyn
t hoc ion trung tm c bn phi tr. c im
ca khong vt c cu trc ny l rt cng v c
tnh dn in thp.
diancistra [4148] : gai hai mc.
Gai silic hnh ch C Bt bin c hai u
cong ngt v mang nhng phin ging li dao
pha bn kia lm cho n ging con dao nhp
m ra mt phn.
diaphanotheca [4149] : lp vch trong sut.
Lp gia tng i dy, t sng mu n
trong sut ca vch xon trc tip di lp mi
ti ca Trng thoi.
diaphorite [4150] : diaphorit.
Khong vt h thoi mu en, xm:
Pb2Ag3Sb3S8. n: ultrabarite.
diaphragm [4151] :phin honh, mng ngang.
Tm ngn t nhiu cng cp trong thn hay Deleted: a
v ca ng vt khng xng sng, th d tm
ngn khng thng l chy qua ng siphon nh Deleted:
Chn u Nautiloidea, hay vch ngn nm ngay
di l ming ng vt Trng v (Thecamoebia)
thng l chn gi th ra ngoi.
diaphthorite [4152] : diaphthorit.
kt tinh trong nhng khong vt c
trng cho mc bin cht thp c pht trin
bi qu trnh bin cht git li t s bin i cc Deleted: b
khong vt in hnh cho mc bin cht cao.
diaresis [4153] : rnh ngang.
Mt rnh ngang phn sau ca nhnh chn
ngoi (him khi l chn trong) ca mu ui
V gip Malacostraca.
diarhysis [4154] : knh xng hng tm.
Bt bin Hexactinellida l mt knh xng
hng tm xuyn qua hon ton vch thn vi
hai u u h. sn: diarhyses. Deleted: :
diaspore [4155] : diaspo. Formatted
Khong vt h thoi mu trng xm, vng
nht hoc xanh nht: AlO(OH), c trng gc
alpha lng hnh vi boehmit. Diaspo l khong
vt kt hp gia corindon v dolomit. Diaspor
dng tm mng, nh lp lnh hoc dng tinh th
lng tr.
diaspore clay [4156] : st diaspo.
Loi st chu la cao nhm, trong diaspor
l thnh phn c bn. Khi nim ny c hiu
nh l mt sn phm ca hp to st-silic v cc
vt liu caolin. Diaspor thng phm cht lng
cao nht cha hn 68% Al2O3.
diatactic [4157] : phn lp tun hon.
cp mt cu to trm tch, nh kiu phn
di st, c trng bi s lp i lp li cc di c
phn cp ht t th pha di n mn dn v
pha trn.
diatexic [4158] : thuc v nng chy.
Qu trnh nng chy su (anatexis) mc
cao, gm cc cu phn to (khong vt) vi
im nng chy cao.
diatexite [4159] : diatexit.
c thnh to bi qu trnh diatexis.
diatom [4160] : To silic, Khu to
(Bacillariophyceae).
173
 Vi thc vt n bo thuc mt lp sng c
nc ngt v nc mn, c thnh vch bng cht
silic, gi l gip v, c kh nng tch t li
thnh trm tch.
diatom ooze [4161]: bn diatom; bn to silic.
Trm tch bin khi su cha ti thiu 30%
cc vn v to diatom, l mt loi bn silic.
diatomaceous [4162] : cha to silic.
Gm hoc cha nhiu xc To silic.
diatomaceous chert [4163] : cha to silic.
Loi diatomit c nn hoc xi mng silic
pht trin.
diatomaceous earth [4164]: t giu diatomit.
diatomaceous shale [4165] : st diatomit.
Loi diatomit khng tinh khit cha nhiu
vt cht st v tng phn c dng phin.
diatomite [4166] : diatomit.
Loi trm tch silic mm b, sng mu c
thnh phn ch yu l cc vn v to opal, thc
vt n bo a nc lin quan ti to. Cc trm
tch ny c thnh to ch yu trong mi
trng bin, s t trong mi trng h. Nh c
kh nng hp th cao v bn ho hc tng
i tt, m diatomit c gi tr s dng trong
nhiu lnh vc kinh t nh cng nghip thc
phm, sn, cao su v cht do. Thng khi
nim ny c gii hn cp ti cc thc th
c tim nng lm thng phm.
n: diatomaceous earth; kieselguhr.
diatreme [4167] : ng ni la.
ng n ni la dm kt lp y c thnh
to bi qu trnh n kh.
dicalycal [4168] : hai .
Ni v mt ng vt dng Bt t sinh
ra hai khc.
dichotomous [4169] : phn i, x i.
Ni v mt tay Hu bin phn lm hai nhnh,
c th bng nhau (ng phn) hay khng bng
nhau (d phn).
dichotomy [4170] : phn i.
l s phn ra hai nhnh bng nhau ca
trc chnh ca cy, nh thy Rong bin,
Dng x v thc vt dng Dng x.
dichotriaene [4171] : gai ba rng kp.
Gai ba rng Bt bin c cc rng nhnh
phn i.
dichroic [4172] : lng sc.
Khong vt biu hin tnh lng sc.
dichroism [4173] : tnh lng sc.
Lng sc ca tinh th. Tinh th c hai mu
khc nhau. Ss: trichroism.
dichroscope [4174] : knh lng sc.
Thit b quang hc dng phn tch mu ca
tinh th a sc. Thit b ch yu gm calcit hnh
thoi v lng knh.
dickite [4175] : dickit.
Khong vt st kt tinh hon chnh ca nhm
kaolin: Al2Si2O5(OH)4, a hnh vi kaolinit.
Diekit c cu trc khc bit vi cc loi khc
ca nhm kaolin, tn ti trong cc mch
nhit dch.
dicolpate [4176] : hai rnh.
Ht phn c hai rnh.
dicolporate [4177] : hai rnh-l. Deleted: -
Ht phn c hai rnh-l.
dictyolite [4178] : dictiolit.
Migmatit vi c im mng li, c ngha
l vi nhng di rt nh an mng li. t s Deleted: D
dng. Deleted: st
dictyonal strand [4179]: di gai khung xng.
Dy gai su tia Bt bin xp song song
dng tuyn v dnh lin vi nhau to nn mt
di lin tc.
dictyonalia [4180] : gai khung xng mng
li.
Gai xng ca khung xng mng li
Bt bin.
dictyonine [4181] : bt bin c khung xng
mng li.
Bt bin Hexactinellida c gai trung m to
nn mt khung gm cc di gai xng; rng ri
hn, Bt bin c khung xng gm cc gai silic
su tia gn song song nhau gn cht vi nhau
n mc khng cn thy r tng gai c th; mt
Bt bin c khung xng mng li.
dicyclic [4182] : c hai vng phin.
ng vt Hu bin c hai vng phin gn
cc phin tia hoc, mt s Hu bin c i
cng khng c phin tia, gn cc phin ming;
ni v h nh ca cu gai c phin mt v phin
sinh dc xp thnh hai vng ng tm, cc
phin sinh dc tip xc n c vi ra quanh
hu mn.
diductor muscle [4183] : c m (v).
C, thng c mt i hay hai i, bm vo
mnh lng Tay cun c khp ngay trc
nh, i chnh bm vo hai bn ca cc c
khp, cn i ph gn vo pha sau chng.
didymoclone [4184] : gai c mu mc kp.
Gai phn nhnh Bt bin c thn ngn v
thng, t gc gai phnh to mc ra nhiu chi c
khp ch yu mt bn gai.
didymolite anorthite [4185] : didymolit
anorthit.
X: anorthite. Deleted: :
dieldrin [4186] : cht dieldrin.
Thuc tr su organoclorin rt bn, ha tan
trong cht bo v tp trung trong cc chui thc
174
n, gy c hi cho thc vt. B cm s dng
Vit Nam.
dielectric [4187] : in mi.
Vt cht m dng in dch chuyn trong n
ln hn dng dn.
dielectric strength [4188]:cng in mi.
Trng in cc i m cht in mi c th phn d magma.
chu c.
Dienerian [4189] : Diener.
Bc chu u. Trias h (nm trn
Griesbanch, nm di Smith).
dienerite [4190] : dienerit.
Khong vt ng thc mu xm-trng:
Ni3As.
dieninsonite [4191] : dieninsonit.
Khong vt mu xanh, ng cu trc vi
arojadit: H2Na6(Mn, Fe, Ca, Mg)14 (PO4)12.H2O.
Diestian [4192] : Diesti.
Bc Bc u. Miocen thng, tng ng
Torton v Messini.
dietella [4193] : phng l.
Phng nh b che kn mt phn nm gn
chn vch ng ca mt c th mt s Ru
ng vt Ming mi (Cheilostomata), vch ny
gm mt hay nhiu phin vch ngn gia cc c
th. n: pore chamber.
dietrichite [4194] : dietrichit.
Khong vt: (Zn, Fe, Mn)Al2 (SO4)4.22H2O.
dietzeite [4195] : dietzeit.
Khong vt mu en vng: Ca2(IO3)2 (CrO4).
difference image [4196] : hnh nh nhn c
bng cch tr hai hnh nh cho nhau.
differential [4197] : khc bit, lch, (
ln lch).
differential bulk [4198] : tuyn ni, la chn.
differential equation for particle motion
[4199] : phng trnh vi phn ca chuyn
ng ht.
differential equations of equilibrium [4200]:
phng trnh cn bng vi phn.
differential erosion [4201] : xm thc phn d
(xm thc mang tnh phn d).
S xm thc xy ra khng c quy lut v vi
mc khc nhau. Nguyn nhn do s khc
nhau v tnh cht bn vng ca vt liu cu
thnh b mt. Cc kt cu yu, bn vng
km b xm thc rt nhanh, trong khi cc bn
vng (c hc, ha hc) th gi nguyn to
thnh i, ni, g hay dy ni, v.v.
differential ground settlement [4202] : ln
lch, ln khng u.
differential melting [4203] : nng chy
phn d.
S nng chy tng phn ca bt ngun t
s khc nhau v nhit nng chy ca cc
khong vt to .
differential settlement [4204] : ln khng
u, ln chnh lch.
differentiate [4205] : phn d.
c thnh to do kt qu ca qu trnh
differentiation [4206] : phn d.
1-(th) Qu trnh ny sinh thm mt kiu , Deleted: hn
ti ch, t mt magma chung.
n: magmatic differentiation.
2-(trt) n: sedimentary differentiation;
diagenetic differentiation.
differentiation index [4207] : ch s phn d.
Trong thch lun cc magma, l mt s
bng tng s phn trm trng lng ca thch
anh, orthoclas, albit, nephelin v kalsilit nh
mc (normative), l s din t bng s mc
phn d ca magma.
diffractogram [4208] : biu nhiu x.
Biu nhiu x ca tinh th ghi c bng
my nhiu x.
diffractometer [4209] : my nhiu x.
Thit b dng ghi li nhiu x tia-X ca n
tinh th hoc vt nghin thnh bt trong phn
tch khong vt. Deleted: :
diffusion metasomatism [4210] : bin cht Formatted
trao i khuch tn.
L qu trnh di chuyn khi trong cc hp
phn ha hc chuyn ng do s khuych tn
qua dung dch nc khng di chuyn nm trong
cc mao mch trong . Deleted: .
digenite [4211] : digenit.
Khong vt mu xanh n en: Cu9S5, ng
thc v xut hin cng vi chalcocit.
n: blue chalcocite, alpha chalcocite.
digestion [4212] : ng ha.
S ng ha mt phn hoc ton b ca
vy quanh thnh magma.
digital [4213] : s ho.
Biu th cc i lng bng cc n v ri rc
hay s ha l mt h thng, trong thng tin
c lu gi v x l nh l mt lot s ri rc
v khc vi cc h thng tng t x l cc i Deleted: l
lng lin tc.
Deleted: l
digital computer [4214] : my tnh s ha.
My tnh thc hin cc php tnh s hc, x Deleted:
l vi cc s biu din theo h s thp phn, nh
phn hay h s khc, vi thit b c kh nng x
l cc i lng ri rc, c th hin bng s
v thc hin cc php tnh s hc c bn nh
mt nh ton hc bnh thng.
digital delta [4215] : chu th chn chim. Deleted: .
Chu th dng chn chim ko di v pha
175
bin.
digital to analog converter (D/A) [4216] : b
bin i s sang tng t.
digitization [4217] : qu trnh s ha.
Qu trnh bin i s liu lin tc (v d: nh
hay phim) thnh cc s my c th tip tc
x l.
digitize [4218] : s ha.
Chuyn i mt hm lin tc thnh khong
thi gian ri rc v lu gi cc gi tr nh mt
tun t s.
digitized map [4219] : bn s ha.
Bn c biu din v lu tr di dng
s trong cc thit b lu tr tin hc.
digitizer [4220] : bng (bn) s ho.
Trong cng tc thit k vi s tr gip ca
my tnh, y l mt thit b ngoi vi, c kch
thc t a3-a0, c s dng cng vi mt thit
b u nhn (gi l con tr) bin i cc hnh
ha, nh cc hnh v cc bn v chng hn,
thnh cc d liu s m my tnh c th x
l c.
dihexagonal [4221] : hnh su mt kp.
Hnh su mt kp trong tinh th h su
phng.
dihexagonal prism [4222] : lng tr su
phng kp.
Tinh th 12 mt song song vi trc i xng,
trong mt ct-thng gc vi trc xoay i
xng bc 6 l thp 6 phng kp. K hiu ca
n l [hk0] vi 6/m 2/m 2/m i xng.
dihexagonal pyramid [4223] : thp 6
phng kp.
Tinh th thp 12 mt, trong mt ct thng
gc vi 6 trc xoay l thp 6 phng kp k
hiu l [hkl] hoc [hkl] trong 6mm i xng.
dike [4224] : dike, th tng.
1- Dike, th tng xm nhp magma dng
ct xuyn ct qua phn lp hoc th ch ca
vy quanh. Cn vit: dyke.
2- Knh o hoc knh t nhin.
3- trm tch.
4- Cng trnh chn sng, phng chng l lt.
dike set [4225] : nhm dike.
Nhm cc dike dng ng hoc song song.
dike swarm [4226] : h dike, h thng dike.
Nhm cc dike sp xp dng ta tia, song
song hoc bc thang. Mi lin quan ca chng
vi th xm nhp m khng th quan st c
trc tip.
dikelet [4227] : dike nh.
dilatancy [4228] : hin tng gin n.
Hin tng tng th tch ca loi t b ri
khi b bin dng ct.
dilatancy and shear strength [4229] : gin
n v sc bn ct.
dilatated septum [4230]:vch ngn trng n. Deleted: .
Mt vch ngn dy ln mt phn hay ton b
san h Rugosa.
dilation (dilatation) [4231] : gin n,
gin n.
dilatometer stress determination [4232] :
phng php o trng ng sut bng bm p
nc l khoan c mng ngn.
X: stress measurement.
dillnite [4233] : dilnit.
Loi zunyit giu fluorin.
dilution [4234] : pha long, lm gim,
ngho ha.
Trong khai thc khong sn, do t vy
quanh v phn qung ngho, lp kp b pha trn
vo trong qung lm gim hm lng v tng
khi lng.
diluvial [4235] : diluvi, hng tch, l tch.
diluvion [4236] : qu trnh l tch. Deleted: .
1- X: diluvium. Deleted: a)
2- Thut ng c s dng n , tri Deleted: b)
ngha vi "alluvion" c ngha l "phn t mt
i do xm thc ca sng sau l lt" (tc l tch).
diluvium [4237] : l tch, hng tch, diluvi. Deleted: .
1- Thut ng c c s dng trong nhng Deleted: .
nm u th k 18 ch trm tch b mt xc
Deleted: a)
nh, rt ph bin nhng khng th gii thch
c bng hot ng bnh thng ca sng v
bin, song cho rng trm tch ny c thnh
to do l lt siu mnh.
2- Thut ng chung c s dng cc lc Deleted: .
a chu u ch cc trm tch c hn cc Deleted: b)
trm tch t, hoc Pleistocen, trm tch bng
h phn bit vi cc trm tch tr alluvium.
3- Thut ng c dng chu u tng Deleted: r
ng vi Pleistocen.
dimension [4238] : kch thc.
1- Khong cch gia hai im. Deleted: a)
2- mt kch thc ghi trn hnh v, bn v l Deleted: b)
khong cch chnh xc gia hai im ca
cng trnh.
dimensional stability [4239] : n nh v kch
thc.
Thut ng thng c ngha vt liu c mt t
bin dng m v bin dng t bin gy bi mi
lin h gia bin dng n hi v nhit .
dimorphic [4240] : lng hnh.
1- (cs) Hin tng cng mt cy hay mt
phn ca cy c to ra thnh hai dng khc
nhau, chng hn kiu l cht non v l cht gi
trong trong l kp lng chim. Deleted:
2- (kv) S biu hin ca mt cht c hai bin
176
th cu trc, v d CaCO3 to thnh calcit v
aragonit.
dimorphism [4241] : hin tng lng hnh;
tnh a hnh.
1- (cs) c tnh c hai dng r rt thuc cng
mt loi, nh l c ci khc nhau, hoc dng vi
cu v i cu cc giai on khc nhau.
2- (kv) Loi a hnh ca tinh th, trong hai
khong vt kt tinh tng t.
dimorphite [4242] : dimorphit.
Khong vt mu vng cam: As4S3.
dimorphous [4243] : lng hnh.
X: dimorphic.
dimple crater [4244] : ming ni la nh.
Mt c im nh, dng nh hnh trn,
ging ming ni la trn Mt trng, c coi l
hot ng ni la (c kh nng ngng ngh phun
tro lava gn mt t); thiu mp g nng cao
ca a s ming ni la chu tc ng va chm
mnh kiu trn Mt trng.
dimyarian [4245] : c hai c khp, hai mnh
c hai c khp.
V Thn mm hai mnh c hai c khp, hoc
u nhau, hoc khng u v kch thuc; mt
Hai mnh c c nh vy.
Dinantian [4246] : Dinanti.
Thng chu u. Carbon h, bao gm Turne
(Tournaisi) v Vise.
dinite [4247] : dinit.
Khong vt hydrocarbon kt tinh, mu vng,
c im nng chy thp (300C), nh than nu.
dinoflagellate [4248] : Trng hai lng roi
(Dinoflagellata).
Vi sinh vt n bo c lng roi, ch yu
bin v thng n c, c nhng nt ging c
ng vt v thc vt, c trng bi mt lng roi
ngang bao quanh thn v thng nm di
vng, mt lng roi sau vn ra t rnh gia.
Trng hai lng roi c bit t Paleozoi, nhng
tr nn quan trng trong nh tui v i snh
trm tch t Jura, Creta n tam.
dinosaur [4249] : Khng long (Archosauria).
B st thuc mt phn lp c bit, phn bit
vi cc B st khc bi nhng c im ca
xng chu. Khng long c cc loi n tht, n
c, chi c hai ngn hoc bn ngn, sng cn,
kch thc c th t va n ln. Tui: t Trias
n Creta.
dioctahedral [4250] : hnh tm mt kp.
Tinh th c hai trong ba lp phi tr tm mt.
Ss: trioctahedral.
diogenite [4251] : diogenit.
Thin thch achondrit bao gm ch yu
bronzit hoc hypersten. n: rodite.
diopside [4252] : diopsit.
Khong vt nhm pyroxen h n nghing:
CaMg(Si3O)2, cha rt t hoc khng c alumin
v c th cha st. Mu ca diopsit t trng n
xanh, trong sut dng lm trang sc. Diopsit
c trong bin cht, trong i bin cht-tip
xc ca vi kt tinh. n: malacolit.
diopsidite [4253] : diopsidit.
Pyroxenit gm ton b l diopsit, vi cc
oxid Fe-Ti, spinel v granat di dng khong
vt ph thng gp. Khng c s dng
thng xuyn.
dioptase [4254] : dioptas.
Khong vt h su phng him gp, mu Deleted: .
xanh-emerald: CuSiO3.H2O, nm trong i
phong ha ca cc thn qung ng Chile v
Siberi. n: emerald coper.
diorite [4255] : diorit.
1- Trong phn loi ca IUGS, xm nhp Deleted: a
vi Q = 0-5, P/(a + P) > 90 v plagioclas natri
hn an50.
2- Nhm xm nhp c thnh phn trung Deleted: b
gian gia acid v bazic, gm cc khong vt c
trng: amphibol sm mu (hornblend),
plagioclas acid (oligoclas, andesin), pyroxen v
i khi c mt mt lng nh thch anh. y l
dng xm nhp tng ng ca andesit.
Diorit chuyn sang monzonit vi s tng hm
lng feldspar kim. Trong diorit in hnh
plagioclas c cha < 50% anorthid, hornblend
chim u th hn pyroxen, v tng s khong
vt mafic < 50% tng th khong vt to .
Khong vt c trng ca iorit l hornblend d
quan st bng mt thng.
dioritoid [4256] : dioritoid.
Trong phn loi ca IUGS, tn gi ny p
dng cho cc xm nhp vi Q<20 hoc F<10
v P/(a+P) > 65.
dioxin [4257] : dioxin. Deleted: y
Mt ha cht c c tn khoa hc l 2, 3, 7,
8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), hnh Deleted: p
thnh ch yu t cc ngun ha cht c cha Deleted: y
cc vng thm v clo, rt bn v cc k c i
vi thc vt v ng vt, c th gy bin dng
nhim sc th. Ngi v ng vt ch cn nhim
mt lng dioxin 1 nanogram (10-9 gr) trn 1kg Deleted: y
th trng c th mc tai bin sinh sn: sy
thai, qui thai, d dng,... nhim t hn c th b
ung th. Deleted: Trong chin tranh Vit Nam,
dip [4258] : dip, nghing, dc (m). qun i M ri trn lnh th min
Nam 72.354.000 lt cht c ha hc,
1- Mt ch thp hoc mt min vng r rng trong c 42 triu lt cht c mu da
trn mt t, v d thung lng hp dy ni. cam cha ti 194kg ioxyn, gy tai hc
sinh thi ko di n tn ngy nay v cn
2- Mt thung lng ko di c ng quc l di hc cho cc th h tng lai. Xem:
i qua, ti im gp nhau vi lng sui kh. TCDD.
3- nghing, dc ca sn i hay Deleted: :
177
mt lp.
dip calculation [4259] : tnh ton
nghing (dc) .
Tnh ton dc ca mt phn x t kt qu
quan st s bin i thi gian n ca sng
a chn.
dip direction [4260] : hng cm.
dip plain [4261] : ng bng nghing.
ng bng l b mt cu trc, b mt ny
trng vi nghing ca ng bng.
dipleural [4262] : hai nhnh .
Ni v s xp sp nhnh qun th cnh
hai dy ca Bt dng ng, trong cc
nhnh nm gip lng nhau.
diploblastic [4263] : hai l phi.
Cu trc ca ng vt khng xng sng h
ng (Bt bin, Rut khoang) c cc l phi
ngoi v l phi trong, nhng khng c mt l
phi gia thc s.
diploclone [4264] : gai chng.
Gai chng Bt bin gm thn gai c mu
mi u nhng khng khp vi cc gai lin k.
diploconical [4265] : hai nn p.
V Trng tia c hnh hai nn p vo nhau
trn mt trc.
diplodal [4266] : hai knh thng.
Ni v phng c lng roi Bt bin c c
knh thot v knh dn.
diploid [4267] : khi mi hai mt kp.
Dng tinh th h ng thc c 24 mt hnh
4 cnh nh nhau phn b thnh i. Mi mt b
ct bi nhng trc kt tinh c chiu di bng
nhau. K hiu ca n l [hkl] trong i xng
2/m3. n: didodecahedron, diplohedron,
dyskisdodecahedron.
diploidal class [4268] : lp mi hai mt kp.
Lp tinh th trong h ng thc c i
xng 2/m3.
diplopore [4269] : l i.
L kp xuyn qua thnh vch mt s ng
vt Phao bin v phn ln gii hn vch ny.
N c th khng phn nhnh nhng thng gm
mt knh phn i hnh ch Y nm xin hay
thng gc vi b mt vch v c ming m ra
pha ngoi.
diplorhysis [4270] : hin tng c hai knh.
Tnh trng Bt bin Hexactinellida c c
knh ht v knh thot.
dipole dipole array [4271] : h thit b lng
cc-lng cc.
H thit b in cc bao gm lng cc pht
v lng cc thu. Lng cc pht pht dng
in vo t, lng cc thu o in t trong t.
dipole field [4272] : trng lng cc.
Trng ca lng cc t gm cc dng v
cc m i xng nhau qua trc lng cc.
diporate [4273] : hai l. Deleted: tnh ton
Ht phn c hai l.
dipping rod [4274] : chic gy d tm mch
nc ngm.
X: divining rod. Formatted
direct act [4275] : tc ng trc tip. Formatted
direct formulation of the boundary element Formatted
method [4276] : phng php phn t bin
Deleted: .
trc tip.
X: computational method of stess analysis.
direct indicator element [4277] : nguyn t
ch th trc tip.
X: indicator element. Deleted: nguyn t ch th.
direct indicator of prospecting [4278] : ch
th tm kim trc tip.
X: indicator element.. Deleted: nguyn t ch th.
direct intake [4279] : s b sung nc.
S b sung nc cho tng cha nc, trc Deleted: B
tip qua i bo ha.
direct lattice [4280] : hng mng tinh th.
Mng kt tinh, s dng khi so snh vi mng
ngc. n: crystal lattice.
direct runoff [4281] : dng chy trc tip. Deleted: c ngun
Dng chy t ti lng sng sui ngay sau
khi ma ri hay bng tuyt tan.
direct shear apparatus [4282] : thit b ct
phng trc tip. Deleted: .
T lin quan: shear box (hp ct mu); ring
shear box (vng ct mu).
direct shear test [4283] : th nghim ct
phng, ct trc tip.
Phng php ph bin nht tm hiu c
im ct, cng php tuyn, cng ct cng
nh sc bn khng ct ca mu t, hoc cc Deleted: .
gin on (v d khe nt). Trong th nghim
ny, b mt gin on c t song song vi
hng ca lc ct tc ng. Hai na ca mu
c gn c nh trong hp ct bng thch cao Deleted: trt
hoc nha epoxy. C th tin hnh th nghim
trong phng, nhng cng c th lm ngoi thc
a bng thit b xch tay hoc thit b ct hin
trng. B phn ch yu ca thit b ct phng
l hp ct gm hai tht trn v di c th trt Deleted: :
ln nhau, tht di di ng trn mt dy bi cn
tht trn c gn vi lc k. Tin hnh th Deleted: Lc ngang c tc ng
nghim bng cch gia ti trng nn ln mu, sau Deleted: t
cho tc dng lc ngang v tng dn lc
ngang cho n khi mu b ct. Th nghim c Deleted: t
p dng cho nhiu cp p lc, ng vi mi gi
tr p lc ta thu c mt gi tr sc khng ct
ca mu. Kt qu th nghim ct phng c th Deleted: t
hin trn th: trc honh biu th p lc nn
178
thng ng, trc tung biu th sc khng ct
ca t.
direct strain [4284] : bin dng trc tip.
S ko dn di hay co ngn li trn mt n
v chiu di gy bi ng sut ko hoc nn
tng ng.
direct stratification [4285] : phn lp
nguyn thy.
n: primary stratification.
direct stress [4286] : ng sut trc tip.
ng sut gy bi lc ko hoc lc nn.
direct surface runoff [4287] : dng chy mt
trc tip.
direct tensile test [4288] : th nghim ko
trc tip.
Trong th nghim ko trc tip, ngi ta tc
ng mt lc ko n trc dc theo mu hnh
tr. Sc bn ko c tnh bng cch chia lc
ko gy ph hy T, cho tit din A, ca mu.
Tuy nhin, th nghim ny rt kh thc hin v
ph hy thng xy ra sm ti nhng im kp
gi mu. C hai bin php khc phc: Mt l gia
cng mu hnh tr thnh mt ci chy, c tit
din on gia b hn hn hai u, va gi
mu cht hn, va bo m rng ph hy s
xy ra on c tit din nh . Bin php th
hai, d hn nhng khng tin cy bng, l tin
hnh th nghim ko gin tip.
X: indirect tensile test.
directional structure [4289 : cu to
nh hng.
Kiu cu to trm tch th hin hng
dng chy khi thnh to chng. V d: cu
to phn lp xin cho, cu to gn sng.
n: paleocurrent structure; aligned current
structure, vector structure.
dirt cone [4290] : nn trm tch, nn bi.
Trm tch vn ca bng h c dng hnh nn.
dirty arkose [4291] : arkos khng
thun khit.
dirty sandstone [4292] : ct kt khng
thun khit.
Loi ct kt c hm lng phn nn gn kt
cao; i vi grauwack, hm lng phn nn
st hn 10% hoc graywack cha hn 15%
nn st. Cc thnh phn vn c gn kt
nguyn sinh bi nhng vi vn hay vt cht st
ti sinh lp y khe h gia chng.
disaggregation [4293] : phn r.
disappearing stream [4294] : sui, sng mt
dng; sng gin on.
Sng b mt bin mt, chm xung
di t.
disc [4295] : xoang a, gai a.
Phn trung tm ca thn mt ng vt Da gai
tch ra t nhiu r rng vi cc chi; gai cng
hnh a khng thng l mt cch in hnh
Hi sm.
discharge [4296] : lu lng.
Lng nc chy ti mt thi im biu th
bng th tch trn mt n v thi gian.
discharge area [4297] : din tch thot nc. Deleted: xut l
Din tch, nc di t xut l trn Deleted: chy ra
mt t.
discharge coefficient [4298] : h s lu lng.
T sut gia lu lng tht v lu lng tnh
ton theo cng thc l thuyt.
discharge velocity [4299] : vn tc lu lng.
Lng nc chy qua mi trng l rng o
c trn mt n v din tch vung gc
dng chy.
disciform [4300] : dng a.
C hnh trn hay bu dc, th d "to cu
dng a" c hnh a trn vi mp hi nh cao.
Discinacean [4301] : Discinacea.
Tay cun c khp thuc mt lin h c
trng bi s tng trng ton ra ca mnh lng.
discoaster [4302] : a sao.
Tm cht vi hnh sao hay hoa hng rt nh,
ng knh khong 10-35 micron, thng c
coi l di tch ca sinh vt tri ni nh thn ca
dng to cu n c, thy trong trm tch
tam, nhng n Pleistocen dng nh khng cn
na, gi nh l bin mt khong ranh gii
Pliocen-Pleistocen.
discohexaster [4303] : gai a sao su tia.
Gai su tia Bt bin cc u tia chia
nhnh v kt thc bng cc tn.
discoid [4304] : dng a.
C hnh mt ci a, c th l mt san h
n th; mt i tng c hnh dng nh vy. Deleted: mt b
discolith [4305] : ht to cu a. Deleted: , iu ny ch th cho mt gin
Ht to cu hnh a c mt khin hnh bu on
dc hay trn c l l khng thng l, dy ln Deleted: s lin tc th t
xung quanh ra. Deleted: thng
disconformable [4306] : gi chnh hp.
Deleted: c xen xt lc ngng ngh
Thut ng c ngh ch nhng h tng tch t,
phn lp song song vi nhau nhng gia chng
Deleted: v
c nhng gin on thi gian ln hoc nh.
disconformity [4307] : gi chnh hp. Deleted: r rng theo cch thng
thng
Khng chnh hp c mt phn lp trn v
Deleted: v khng theo quy lut, hoc
di gin on song song vi nhau, th hin mt quan st c mt bo mn khng bng
ngt qung quan trng trong trnh t sp xp ca phng ca a hnh. Th d bt chnh hp,
trm tch, thng l s bo mn c xc m c tn d trong thi k bo mn
ch yu nm ngang, hoc trong thi k
nh bng mt bo mn c th quan st c. nng ln h xung theo chiu thng ng
Thut ng ny trc y gm c phn d ca v tri t (khng nghing
paraconformity. hay t on). Khuynh hng ng dng
thut ng gin on c m t mt
n: parallel unconformity; erosional ni khc ca phn v a tng trn th bc
nh nht (Stokes & Varnes,1955)
179
unconformit; nonangular unconformity;
stratigraphic unconformity; paraunconformity.
discontinuity [4308] : khng lin tc,
gin on.
1- (t) Hin tng lin quan vi ngng ngh
trm tch, bo mn, khng chnh hp. X: break.
2- (cctr) Thut ng dng trong c hc
ch chung tt c cc cu trc dp v, nt n, ph
hy trong khi , nh khe nt, t gy, i dp
v, ph hy, mt phn lp gim yu v cc mt
tip xc c sc bn ko rt thp hoc bng
khng.
discontinuity alteration [4309] : bin i ca
khe nt.
discontinuity aperture [4310] : m ca
gin on, khe nt.
Khong cch vung gc gia hai vch ca
mt gin on m, vi khong khng gian gia
chng l nc hoc khng kh. Do vy, m
ca gin on c phn bit vi chiu dy ca
mt gin on c lp y. m ln
thng l kt qu ca dch trt dc theo cc
gin on c nhm ng k, ca cc qu
trnh ra tri vt cht lp y, ha tan, hoc ca
cc khe nt tch.
discontinuity distribution [4311] : phn b
khe nt.
discontinuity extent [4312] : vn di ca
khe nt.
discontinuity filling [4313] : vt liu lp y
khe nt.
Thut ng dng m t cc cht ngn cch
hai vch ca gin on. Nhng cht ny c th
l calcit, clorit, st, bt, st dm kin to, thch
anh hoc pyrit. Cht lp y c nh hng ln
n sc bn ct ca gin on. Tr mt s cht
c sc bn cao nh calcit, thch anh, pyrit, cc
cht lp y khc thng c sc bn thp hn so
vi cc gin on cht, khng cha chng.
discontinuity infilling materials [4314] : vt
liu, cht lp y khe nt.
X: discontinuity filling.
discontinuity intensity [4315] : mt gin
on.
Nghch o ca gin cch khe nt (gin
on), tc l s khe nt trn mt n v chiu
di (mt).
discontinuity orientation [4316] : hng
gin on.
Hng hoc th nm ca gin on trong
khng gian, c biu th bi gc ca ng c
dc ln nht trn b mt gin on so vi
mt phng nm ngang, v hng cm hoc
phng v ca ng , o theo chiu kim
ng h t im chnh bc.
discontinuity persistence [4317] : tnh lin
tc ca gin on.
Thut ng dng m t mc pht trin
theo din, hoc kch thc, ca mt gin on
trong mt mt phng. y l mt trong nhng
thng s quan trng nht ca khi , nhng Deleted: Gin on trm tch, m t
ng thi cng l mt trong nhng thng s kh trc n nay, theo ngha thng thng l
s th hin s khng tch t v i cng vi
xc nh nht. bo mn. Xem: discrete.
discontinuity roughness [4318] : nhm (x
x) ca gin on.
Khi nim dng din t nhm, x x
ca b mt gin on so vi mt phng trung
bnh ca n. nhm ca gin on c th c
nh hng ln n sc khng ct ca n, nht l
trong trng hp cc khe nt cha b lp y,
cc khi cha b dch chuyn v cn kha ln
nhau. Vai tr ca nhm gim xung khi
m, hoc chiu dy cht lp nht tng ln, hoc
khi xy ra dch chuyn trc .
discontinuity sets [4319] : h khe nt.
discontinuity spacing [4320] : gin cch
gin on.
Khong cch vung gc gia hai gin on
cnh nhau, thng c biu th nh l gin
cch trung bnh ca mt h khe nt no . Gin
cch gin on xc nh ln ca cc khi cu
thnh nn khi .
discontinuity systems [4321] : h khe nt.
discontinuity wall strength [4322] : sc bn
b mt, vch gin on.
Khi nim sc bn nn p ca b mt khe nt
(JCS) do Barton v Choubey (1977) xut. B
mt khe nt cha b bin i c sc bn tng
ng vi nguyn trng v c th o trc tip
thng qua cc th nghim nn n trc hoc cht
ti im. i vi cc khe nt cha y cht lp
nht vi chiu dy ng k, c th ly mu ngay
t cht lp nht v lm th nghim. Sc bn
ct ca cht lp nht chc chn nh hn nhiu
so vi ch. Sc bn ca b mt khe nt b
gim yu cn c th xc nh bng ba bt
ny Schmidt.
discontinuous subsidence [4323] : ln khng
lin tc.
discordance [4324] : khng chnh hp gc;
khng chnh hp cu trc.
1- Mt lp khng song song ca cc tng k Deleted: a)
nhau. Thut ng c s dng trong nhng
trng hp cn c s nghi ng, khng du
hiu phn bit gia khng chnh hp a tng
v khng chnh hp kin to. Ss: concordance.
2- X: angular unconformity. Deleted: b)
discordant [4325] : khng chnh hp,
khng thun.
180
 1-(th) Tip xc gia th xm nhp magma
vi vy quanh, khng song song vi b mt
phn lp.
2-(m) c im a hnh khng c cao
nh nhau hoc gn nh nhau. V d thung lng
khng ph hp c sui vo sng hay sui
chnh qua thc nc.
discordant bedding [4326] : phn lp khng
chnh hp.
Mt kiu cu to trm tch, trong khng
c c tnh song song gia cc lp hoc trong
cc lp trm tch b dc nghing so vi mt
bng trn lng ng vt liu trm tch, nh
phn lp hnh thnh do vt liu c tc lng
ng cao t cc dng nc hay khng kh mang
vt liu. Ngn: concordant bedding.
discordant coastline [4327] : ng b bin
khng chnh hp, ng b bin tri khp.
ng b pht trin ni cu trc chung ca
a hnh (nh dy ni hay ai un np) ngc
vi b b bin hay i dng v thng th hin
bng rift, t gy, st ln hoc cc gin on
khc. Thng thng b bin nh vy c nhiu
vng, vnh bt k.
discordia [4328] : discordia.
Mt ng trn biu 206Pb/238U ~
207
Pb/235U, c xy dng trn ti liu cc phase
b tht thot ch hoc tng thm urani trong tng
thi on ngn so vi tui ca phase.
discount [4329] : bt, gim, chit khu; tin
chit khu, gim gi tr.
Trong nh gi kinh t hay nh gi cc d
n u t, ngi ta thng dng discounted
methods (phng php tnh ton c tnh ti yu
t thi gian) tnh ton s gim gi ca ng
tin theo thi gian.
discounted methods [4330] : phng php
tnh ton c tnh ti yu t thi gian.
L phng php xc nh gi tr hin ti thc
ca hiu qu (tin) kinh t ti thi im tnh
ton do tin thu c ca cc nm sau c gi tr
thc gim dn. Thng gi l phng php
chit khu.
discrete [4331] : bit lp.
Ni v cc rng nh ng vt Rng nn
khng xp sp st nhau m mi rng ng bit
lp so vi rng st k (cch nhau mt
khong trng).
discrete distribution [4332]:phn phi ri rc.
Phn phi ri rc l nhng loi phn phi c
hm uc biu din bng ng bc thang c
thay i t tr s ny qua tr s khc k bn. V
d v phn phi ri rc; phn phi nh thc;
phn phi a thc; phn phi siu bi, v.v.
disequilibrium assemblage [4333] : tp hp
khng cn bng.
Nhng khong vt khng cn bng nhit-
ng.
dish structure [4334] : cu to hnh a.
Cu to trm tch nguyn sinh thng gp
trong ct kt, gm nhng thu knh nh dng
vng (di 4-50cm v dy c centimet), hnh
chiu bng dng oval song song vi mt phn
lp, ht mn, y lm lm ct cc thu knh nm
di. C l c hnh thnh do thot nc l
rng ra tri st ngay sau khi ct c lng
ng.
disintegration [4335] : phn tch, phn hy.
disk [4336] : a, dng a.
1- Thit b lu tr thng tin. C nhiu loi
a khc nhau v bn cht (a cng, a mm,
a CD,...).
2- Ht trm tch hnh a, dt hoc phng, c
t l chiu rng/chiu di ln hn 2/3 v t l
dy/chiu rng nh hn 2/3.
disk bit [4337] : li khoan a.
disk crusher [4338] : my nghin kiu a.
dislocation metamorphism [4339] : bin cht
ph hy.
Mt dng ca bin cht ng lc khu vc tp
trung dc theo i dch trt hoc p vn
nng khng c s tng cao ng k v nhit .
Thut ng ny c Lossen a ra nm 1883 v
c quan nim tng ng vi thut ng
dynamometamorphism. Deleted: tr
dismembered river system [4340] : h thng
sng chia ct.
H thng gm c dng chnh (thn sng),
cc sng nhnh v phn thp nht hay b nc
bin ngp (ca sng). Khi dng chy c
hnh thnh sm hn cc sng nhnh (chi lu)
vo bin qua cc ca sng ring bit.
dismicrite [4341] : dismicrit, vi dng
mt chim.
Loi vi kin trc vi ht cha di 1%
vn sinh ho tha sinh (allochems), thnh phn
ch yu l bn carbonat ho (micrite) vi cc
m "mt chim" calcit ton tinh (sparry calcit)
lp y cc l hng trong , to bi cc tc
ng mi trng a phng.
n: bird's-eye limestone.
disomatic [4342] : tha hnh.
n: xenocryst.
dispellet limestone [4343] : vi kt cc. Deleted: vn
Loi vi kt cc, cha cc m calcit ton
tinh (sparite).
dispersal map [4344] : bn phn tn, bn
d bo ngun.
Bn a tng d on vng cung cp, th
hin cc phng hoc khong cch vn chuyn
181
vt liu vn.
dispersant [4345] : cht phn tn.
X: deflocculant.
dispersed structure [4346]:kin trc phn tn.
dispersion (start) [4347] : phng sai.
Mc phn tn xung quanh mt xu hng
trung tm. o phng sai thng dng
lch chun v bng bnh phng ca lch
chun (xem cch tnh phng sai ch
Variance). n: variance.
displacive transformation [4348] : bin th.
Tinh th bin dng thnh hai loi cao-thp,
khng b gin on ranh gii, nh thch anh
loi cao hn, loi thp hn 573oC.
disposal well [4349] : ging thi.
Ging khoan c dng vo vic chn ct
cht thi lng bng cch bm p chng vo
lng t.
dissected pediment [4350] : ng bng gc
trc ni b chia ct.
ng bng gc trc ni (pediment) b
xi mn, thng c coi l sn phm ca chu
k xm thc th hai i vi pediment nguyn
thy gn nh bng phng, mc du n cng c
th c "sinh ra b chia ct".
dissected peneplain [4351] : bn bnh nguyn
b chia ct.
Bn knh bnh nguyn c c nng ln do
qu trnh xm thc bt u o khot to chu
k xm thc mi. Bn bnh nguyn b ph hy
mt cch cc b c th hin vng chia ct
chn mui, ch cn mt t tn d nh cao
nguyn hoc dy ni nh bng phng v g.
dissected plateau [4352]: cao nguyn chia ct.
Cao nguyn trong phn ln b mt
nguyn thy bng phng b o su tr thnh
cc sng, sui.
dissection [4353] : phn chia a hnh, phn
ct a hnh.
Qu trnh xm thc trong b mt a hnh
bng phng dn dn b ph hy hoc xy dng,
chm tr hnh thnh mng xi, canhon, khe
hm hoc cc loi thung lng, ng bng, bn
bnh nguyn, i hoc sng ni, v.v...
disseminated ore [4354] : qung xm tn.
Tp hp cc ht qung kch thc khc nhau
phn b ri rc trong cha qung.
dissepiment [4355] : m bt, x ni.
Nhng m dng vm nh bng cht vi to
nn nhng bt hoc nang nm gia cc vch ta
tia vnh ngoi ca mt san h n th; mt
thanh xng ngang ni cc cnh ca mt qun
th Ru ng vt dng ca s; mt thanh ngang
ca lp v ngoi ni nhng cnh gn nhau ca
mt qun th Graptolithina dng cnh (nh Deleted: g
Dictyonnema); cu trc trong li ln pha trn Formatted
nh nt gip lp y mt phn ng thng
phn ln Stromatoporata hoc to nn ton b Deleted: s
b xng chung ca mt s t loi sinh vt ny.
dissepimentarium [4356] : i m bt.
i ngoi vi ca phn trong mt san h
n th cha y m bt.
dissoconch [4357] : v hu u trng. Deleted: T ng ngha: Variance
V giai on hu u trng ca Thn mm Deleted:
hai mnh.
dissolution [4358] : ha tan.
dissolve [4359] : lm ha tan.
dissolved organic carbon (DOC) [4360] :
carbon hu c ha tan. Deleted: nc
Phn carbon hu c trong nc khng th ly
ra c bi qu trnh lc nht nh.
dissolved oxygen (DO) [4361] : oxy ha tan
(trong nc).
Lng oxy ha tan m bo s sng cho cc Deleted: .
loi thy sinh v oxy ha cc cht ha c trong
nc. DO ti u l 4 n 6mg/l. DO thp hn l
du hiu cho thy nc b nhim bn.
dissolved solids [4362] : cht rn ha tan.
Lng cc cht ha tan trong nc hoc cn
ca cc cht cn li sau khi un nc nhit
180oC. Deleted: .
distal [4363] : ra, xa ngun, mt xa tm, xa.
1- Loi trm tch cha cc mnh vn nh
c thnh to cch xa vng cung cp vt liu.
2- Mt xa tm l mt hng ra pha ngoi b
bn bo t hoc phn hoa.
3- Xa hay ngoi im bm, th d "on xa"
ca qun th cnh l on xa nht im gc, Deleted: .
"pha ngoi" ca nguyn thy l pha ra ca
qun th Ru ng vt.
distal pole [4364] : cc xa tm.
im cui ca ng thng xut pht ca b
4 chy xuyn qua trung tm ca mt gn tm Deleted: .
ca mi ht phn hoc bo t.
disthenite [4365] : distenit.
bin cht gm ton b l kyanit (disten)
v mt t thch anh, thng t hp vi quarzit
magnetit v amphibolit.
distillation [4366] : s chng ct; qu trnh
bay hi.
1- S lm bay hi nc bng nhit sau
lm lnh c nc tinh khit.
2- Mt qu trnh ca s ha thch qua
thnh phn nc hay kh ca mt cht hu c
bay i, li cn cht carbon.
distinct element method (DEM) [4367] :
phng php phn t ring bit. Deleted: g
Tt c cc phng php s tr vi phn v tch
182
phn truyn thng nh phn t hu hn, sai phn
hu hn,... u c xut pht im l nhm gii
cc bi ton v dch chuyn, ng sut trong mi
trng lin tc, l iu rt t gp trong thc t
mi trng t , nht l mi trng vi rt
nhiu h khe nt. Tuy v l thuyt, c th gii
c nhng bi ton ny bng cch m phng
cc h khe nt bng nhng phn t c bit,
song khi , quy m bi ton tr nn rt ln, i
hi rt nhiu thi gian. Phng php phn t
tch bit do Cundall ln u tin xut nhm
gii cc bi ton trong mi trng khng lin
tc. Do cng ca cc khe nt rt thp so vi
ca cc khi gia chng, c th gi thit
nhng khi ny l gi cng v mi bin i v
ng sut, dch chuyn di tc ng ca ngoi
lc ch yu u xy ra trong cc khe nt. Nh
vy, c th coi mi trng khng lin tc nh
l tp hp ca cc khi gi cng, lin kt v
tng tc vi nhau thng qua cc khe nt vi
cng, bin dng nht nh. Thut ton gii
do , da trn c s nh lut lc-dch chuyn,
xc nh mi tng tc gia cc khi , v nh
lut chuyn ng, xc nh dch chuyn ca cc
khi di tc dng ca mt cn bng lc.
distinctive mineral [4368] : khong vt c
trng, khong vt ch th phn loi.
n: varietal mineral.
distort [4369] : lm bin dng, lm bin
dng xon.
distortion [4370] : bin dng, bin dng
do xon.
distortion model [4371] : m hnh bin dng.
Xy dng m hnh bin dng ca nh vin
thm da trn tp hp cc im kim sot
(thng thng l 200 im/kiu nh). Dng n
gin nht ca phng trnh bin dng l m hnh
tuyn tnh, song tuyn tnh hoc m hnh
Affine. Vi cc vng ln cn ti cc a thc bc
cao. Mt nh ln c th chia nh p dng
cc phng trnh dng tuyn tnh hay song
tuyn tnh.
distributary [4372] : nhnh sng, ph lu.
Mt nhnh ca sng chy thot ra nh xy ra
khu vc chu th.
distribute [4373] : phn phi, phn b.
distribution [4374] : phn phi (tc).
n: frequency distribution.
distribution binominal [4375] : phn b
chun nh phn.
distribution coefficient [4376] : h s
phn b.
T l phn phi cc nguyn t to cc
khong vt ng hnh, c quy nh bi cc
yu t P. T ca hot ng bin cht theo mt
phn ng bin cht. Deleted:
distribution curve of random variables Deleted: n
[4377] : ng cong phn phi ca i lng
ngu nhin.
th minh ha hm phn phi ca i
lng ngu nhin. Thng thng ng cong Deleted: chng u
ny c v trn h ta vung gc trong
trc x t cc tr s ca i lng ny, trc y t
tn sut xc sut (dng vi phn) hay tn sut tch
ly (dng tch phn) ca tr s . i khi i Deleted: v
vi i lng ngu nhin lin tc c mt xc Deleted: v my tnh
sut (x) th th ca hm f(x) thng gi l
ng cong phn phi, phn bit i vi
th minh ha chui phn phi theo cch xy
dng nh trn gi l a gic phn phi.
distribution fisher [4378] : phn b theo
chun Fisher.
distribution grading [4379] : phn b, phn
cp ht thun.
S thay i ht mn dn v pha trn trong
mt lp trm tch.
distribution lognormal [4380] : phn b
chun loga.
distribution normal [4381] : phn b chun.
distribution polygon [4382] : a gic
phn phi.
th ca dy s phn phi (hm phn phi Deleted: .
thc nghim) biu din trn h ta vung
gc, trc ng ghi tn s hay tn sut, trc
ngang ghi lng bin ca i lng ngu nhin.
Nu lng bin khng lin tc a gic phn
phi l mt ng gy.
Nu lng bin lin tc (v chia thnh tng
khong bin thin) a gic phn phi l mt Deleted:
th hnh ct.
distribution scatter [4383] : biu phn
phi tri im, th tri im.
x: scatter diagram (tc). Deleted: :
distributive province [4384] : phm vi
phn b.
Mi trng gm tt c cc gp phn hnh
thnh lp trm tch cng thi v cc tc nhn
lin quan ti s phn b ca chng.
disturbance [4385] : lm thay i, lm bin
i, xo trn, xo ng.
disturbed sample [4386] : mu b xo trn.
Mu t b thay i, mu t khng cn
nguyn dng, b ph hy do qu trnh ly mu, Deleted: :
bo v hoc vn chuyn mu.
disturbing moment [4387] : thi im mt n
nh, thi im b dch chuyn.
ditch [4388] : knh o.
Knh nhn to, hp di, o trn mt t, c
bit thng m, lng khng c gia c, s
183
dng cho ti tiu.
ditetragonal [4389] : khi bn phng kp.
T gic kp dng tinh th c 8 mt ging
nhau, gc xen gia hai mt bng nhau.
ditetragonal prism [4390] : lng tr bn
phng kp.
Tinh th c 6 mt song song vi trc i
xng, trong nhng mt thng gc vi trc
xoay i xng bc 4 l bn mt kp. K hiu
ca n l [hko] vi i xng 4/m, 2/m, 2/m.
ditetragonal pyramid [4391] : thp bn
phng kp.
Tinh th c 8 mt trong hnh thp, trong
mt thng gc vi trc xoay i xng bc 4 l
bn mt kp. K hiu ca n l [hkl] hoc [hkl]
c i xng 4mm.
ditetragonal pyramidal class [4392] : lp
thp bn phng kp.
Lp tinh th trong h bn phng c i
xng 4mm.
ditrigonal [4393] : khi ba phng kp.
Tinh th c i hnh 8 cnh, c gc bng
nhau. Chnh hnh dng ny c trng cho dng
tinh th h su phng.
ditrigonal dipyramid [4394] : lng thp ba
phng kp.
Dng tinh th thp lng hnh c 12 mt,
trong mt thng gc vi trc xoay i xng
bc 3 hoc 6 l 3 mt kp. K hiu ca n l
[hkl] hoc [khl] vi i xng 6m2.
ditrigonal dipyramidal class [4395] : lp
lng thp ba phng kp.
Lp trong h su phng c i xng 6m2.
ditrigonal prism [4396] : lng tr ba
phng kp.
Tinh th 6 mt song song vi trc i xng
bc 3, trong mt thng gc vi trc i xng
l ba mt kp. K hiu ca n l: [hkl], [hkl],
[khl] hoc [khl] vi i xng 3m.
ditrigonal pyramidal class [4397] : lp thp
ba phng kp.
Lp trong phn loi khi mt thoi ca h su
phng, vi i xng 3m.
ditroite [4398] : ditroit.
Syenit nephelin c cha sodalit, biotit v
cancrinit. Thut ng ny p dng cho cc
syenit nephelin c kin trc ht. Tn bt
bt ngun t a phng Ditrau hoc Ditro
Rumani.
dittmarite [4399] : ditmarit.
Khong vt h thoi: (NH4) Mg (PO4). H2O.
Dittonian [4400] : Ditton (t).
Lot ct kt mu c Anh, Devon h
(Gedin thng, nm trn Downton).
divaricator [4401] : c tch, c m (v). Deleted: i
C c tc dng tch cc b phn ri ra, nht Deleted: .
l c m v Tay cun.
divergent plate boundary [4402] : ranh gii
mng phn ly.
Ranh gii to nn do s vn ng tch ri
nhau ca cc mng v t thch quyn mi
c thnh to; l v tr ca sng ni gia i
dng, c ng t chn tm nng v hot ng
phun tro.
diversion [4403] : i dng, chch dng.
1- Qu trnh nh hiu ng ca dng thay Deleted: .
i dng chy ca sng, sui khc nh s cp Deleted: .
dng hay s bi t.
2- Nn dng chy theo hng khc vo h Deleted: .
hay knh, p.
3- Knh mng chuyn nc ti tiu hay Deleted: .
chng l lt. Deleted: .
divert [4404] : chuyn hng, thay i hng.
diverted stream [4405] : dng chch hng,
sng i dng. Deleted: .
Sng ngi c dng chy hay h thng thot
nc b nh hng bi s cp dng.
divide [4406] : ng phn thy, ng
chia nc.
ng phn cch hoc di t hp, cao nh
du ranh gii gia hai lu vc tiu nc lin k
phn chia nc b mt chy theo hai hng
ngc nhau.
divining rod [4407] : chic gy thn, que bi.
Chic gy (que, a, roi,...) bng kim loi, g
hoc mt nhnh cy chc 3 (hnh ch Y) m cc
nh ngoi cm dng lm u d tm cc vt
th n tng trong lng t nh dng nc ngm,
thn qung, di ch kho c,v.v. n: dipping rod; Formatted
dowsing rod; wiggle stick; witching stick. Formatted
division [4408] : bc, lot, phn v thi a
Formatted
tng, phn v a tng(t).
Formatted
Phn v c s dng tng ng vi bc
(hoc thng) trong mt khu vc hoc mt phm Deleted: P
vi a l c gii hn. Deleted: a
dixenite [4409] : dixenit. Deleted: Lot
Khong vt h 6 phng mu en:
Mn5 (SiO3)(AsO3)2 (OH)2.
djerfisherite [4410] : djerfisherit.
Khong vt thin thch:
K3 (Cu, Na) (Fe, Ni)12 S14.
djurleite [4411] : djurleit.
Khong vt: Cu1.96 S. th tia X ca n gn
vi chalcocit nhng khc bit vi chalcocit.
DO [4412] : oxy ha tan.
Vit tt ca dissolved oxygen.
doab [4413] : cn ct.
1- Loi ct cha st hoc phin st cnh Deleted: nm trn
Deleted: di
184
cc m ly (Power, 1895).
2- Thut ng c dng min bc n ,
ch doi ct dng li ca t bi tch gia hai
sng nhnh.
3- Ch hp dng ca hai con sng.
Dogger [4414] : Doggeri; kt hch dogger.
1- (t) Thng Chu u. Jura trung (nm
trn Lias, nm di Malm).
2- (trt) Mt loi kt hch ln thng c thnh
phn l st giu st, i khi cha ho
thch, c mt trong trm tch tui Jura
Yorkshire (Anh).
dogger stone [4415] : dogger.
st cha st khng kt hch, mu nu, c
st, tng i sch xen lp vi st kt hch
trong Jura gia nc Anh.
dolarenite [4416] : dolomit dng ct; ct kt
dolomit.
1- Mt loi dolomit c thnh phn ch
yu l ht vn dolomit c ht ct (Folk, 1959).
2- Loi ct dolomit cht st.
dolerite [4417] : dolerit.
1- Hoa K, thut ng ny ng ngha
vi diabas.
2- anh, ngi ta li a dng thut ng
diabas cho dng ny. Theo gc t Hy Lp
doleros l "la di", lin quan vi c im ht
mn ca gy kh khn cho vic phn bit
chng bng mt thng.
dolerophanite [4418] : dolerophanit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu nu:
Cu2(SO4)O. n: dolerophan.
Dolgellian [4419] : Dolgeli.
Bc chu u. Cambri thng (nm trn
Festiniogi, nm di Tremadoc ca Ordovic).
dolimorphic [4420] : dolimorphic.
magma, trong nhng khong vt to
l ng lu . V d: lamprophyr bao gm
ch yu l biotit v thch anh vi mt t
hornblend.
Dollo's law [4421] : lut Dollo.
x: irreversibility.
doloclast [4422] : vn dolomit.
Mnh vn hnh thnh do s bo mn t
dolomit c hn. Tng t nh vy i vi mt
mnh vn ni bn c phn r t bn dolomit
cht st trn y bin hoc h.
dololithite [4423] : loi dolomit mnh vn.
L loi dolomit cha trn 50% mnh vn
t cc dolomit c hn b bo mn v ti
trm tch.
dololutite [4424] : dolomit dng bn.
1- Loi dolomit c thnh phn ch yu l
cc ht vn dolomit vi kch thc c bt hoc
st.
2- Loi bn dolomit cht st. Thng xen lp
vi cc dolomit nguyn sinh cht st trong
cc lp hnh thnh do qu trnh bc hi.
dolomicrite [4425] : bn dolomit.
Mt loi trm tch c thnh phn l cc
tinh th dolomit c ht st, c hiu l loi bn
dolomit thnh v cha di 1% vn sinh ho
tha sinh (Folk, 1959). n: dolomite mudstone.
dolomite [4426] : dolomit.
L loi trm tch carbonat c cha trn
50% khong vt dolomit hoc l mt bin th
ca vi hay hoa giu carbonat magnesi;
loi trm tch carbonat cha trn 90%
dolomit v di 10% calcit, hoc loi c t l
Ca/Mg thay i t 1,5-1. Dolomit hnh thnh
di dng kt tinh hoc khng kt tinh, thng Deleted: ht va
t hp vi v xen lp vi vi. N cng
thng dng thay th vi sau qu trnh to
. Dolomit tinh khit (tr khi ht rt mn) si
bt rt yu trong acid HCl lnh. n: dolostone;
dolomite rock.
dolomite limestone [4427] : vi dolomit. Deleted: .
dolomite mudstone [4428] : dolomit vi tinh. Deleted: a
dolomith [4429] : nhm dolomit. Deleted: .
Thut ng ch loi dolomit.
Deleted: b
n: dolomilith.
dolomitic [4430] : dolomit.
1- Loi cha dolomit hoc c thnh phn
l dolomit; loi c hm lng dolomit t 5
n 50% di dng tinh th v (hoc) xi mng.
2- cha magnesi, v d vi dolomit cha
30-50% magnesi.
dolomitic conglomerate [4431] : cui kt
dolomit.
1- Loi cui kt c thnh phn cui l vi
v xi mng l dolomit (Nelson v Nelson, 1967).
2- Loi cui-dm kt tui Keuper
vng Somerset, nc Anh (Arkell v
Tomkeieff, 1953).
dolomitic limestone [4432] : vi dolomit. Deleted: .
1- Loi vi c hm lng thnh phn
Deleted: :
calcit cao hn, nhng dolomit cng rt d gp,
c bit l loi vi cha 10-50% dolomit v
50-90% calcit v c hm lng carbonat
magnesi tng ng gi tr 4,4-22,7%, hoc l
mt loi vi c t l Ca/Mg thay i t 4,74
n 60. n: dolomite limestone.
2- Loi vi b dolomit ho cha hon
ton.
dolomitic mottling [4433] : kin trc m.
c im kin trc ca loi vi chm b
dolomit ho, qu trnh phong ho li cc ,
m, vt hoc cc kiu cu to khc trn
nn calcit.
185
 dolomitite [4434] : dolomit.
Loi c thnh phn ch yu l dolomit.
dolomitization [4435] : dolomit ho.
Qu trnh bin i hon ton hoc tng phn
vi thnh dolomit hay loi vi dolomit,
thnh to do s thay th carbonat calci bng
carbonat magnesi t s tc ng ca nc cha
magnesi. Qu trnh ny xy ra gn ng thi
hoc ngay sau s lng ng ca vi, hay
trong thi gian to giai on mun.
n: dolomization.
dolon [4436] : bung gi, khoang trc.
mt s Ostracoda Paleozoi cong ngt
ca dim lm cho hai dim gp nhau bn ngoi
mp tip xc to nn mt bung gi; cng l
mt khoang to nn bi on cong ny ca
cc dim.
doloresite [4437] : doloresit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu nu-en:
H8V8O16.
dolorudite [4438] : dolomit ht th; dolomit
dng si sn.
Loi dolomit c thnh phn ch yu l cc
ht vn dolomit vi kch thc ln hn c ct.
dolosiltite [4439] : dolomit dng bt.
Loi dolomit c thnh phn ch yu l cc
ht dolomit vi kch thc c bt.
dolostone [4440] : dolomit.
Thut ng ch loi dolomit trm tch
nhm phn bit vi loi khong vt cng tn.
n: dolomitite.
domain [4441] : domen, vng hot ng,
lnh vc.
1- Phn bn trong ca ht khong vt t m
trong t ha t nhin c gi tr khng i,
c trng ca cu to khong vt v nhit .
2- Phn bin i, thng ca cc xm
nhp hoc phun tro mafic, nhn bit c bng
mt thng, c th xem nh chng c thnh
phn ha hc khc bit.
3- Phm vi hot ng ca mt mng my
tnh (mang tnh tng i).
4- Khu vc trong bao gm t hp cc yu
t vt l hnh thnh mt tng trm tch
ring bit.
domal [4442] : hnh vm.
Hnh dng v ca Sao bin c nh
(Edrioasteroidea) trong b mt ming cong
ln pha trn v b gii hn bi cnh trn ca
thnh v; mp xa ca b mt ming to nn b
ngoi v. Mt i din khng phn phin to
thnh mt di y ca v.
domatic class [4443] : lp hnh vm.
Lp tinh th trong h n nghing c i
xng m. n: clinohedral class. Deleted: .
dome [4444] : vm, vng.
1- Mt cu trc nng hay mt np li c Deleted: .
dng hnh trn hay elip trn bnh . Deleted: .
2- a hnh nhn, trn ta nh mt vm
Deleted: .
xy dng.
3- Vm ni la hay vm dung nham. Deleted: .
dome mountain [4445] : ni dng vm,
vm ni.
Ni c hnh thnh vng trm tch c Deleted:
th nm ngang do on hoc un cong ngc ln,
to nn cu trc vm nng; ni hnh thnh do s
phn ct cc cu trc vng.
n: domal mountain, domed mountain. Deleted: T
domeykite [4446] : domeykit.
Khong vt mu trng thic hoc mu xm-
thp: Cu3As.
dominant [4447] : dng tri, dng chim
u th.
Mt loi hay nhm loi rt phong ph v s
lng, hoc khng ch rng ri dng nng
lng, hoc tc ng mnh m n mi trng,
trong mt qun x hay qun hp.
domite [4448] : domit.
Trachyt biotit-oligoclas porphyrit b bin i
c cha tridymit trong phn nn. Tn gi ny
xut pht t tn a phng: Puy de Dome thuc Deleted: vn
qun Auvergne nc Php. Thut ng ny t
c s dng.
domoikic [4449] : domoikic.
Trong phn loi CIPW ca cc magma,
nhng c t l ca khong vt ch-ch tinh
(oikocryst) so vi khong vt khch-khch tinh
nh hn 7, nhng ln hn 5/3, c ngha l trong
khong 5/3 7. t c s dng.
domontite [4450] : domontit.
Khong vt h thoi mu vng:
Pb2 (VO2)3 (PO4)4.3H2O.
domortierite [4451] : domortierit.
Khong vt mu xanh sng hoc xanh nc
bin-xanh nht ca nhm silimanit, c th cha
st: Al7 (BO3) (SiO4)3 O3, nm trong phin v
gneis.
donathite [4452] : donathit.
Khong vt h bn phng:
(Fe,Mg)(Cr,Fe)2 O4, lng hnh vi cromit.
donbassite [4453] : donbasit.
Khong vt tm mt kp nhm clorit, trong
lp tm mt: 2:1 T-O-T, v lp xen k l khi
tm mt kp.
donglasite [4454] : donglasit.
Khong vt: K2 Fe Cl4.2H2O.
doodle bug crew [4455] : i khoan a chn,
kp th khoan mn a chn.
186
 dopatic [4456] : dopatic.
Trong phn loi CIPW ca cc magma
nhng c t l ca phn nn so vi cc ban
tinh nh hn 7, nhng ln hn 5/3. t c
s dng.
dorbank [4457] : kt hch y.
Thut ng c s dng Nam Phi ch
cc kt hch vi v silic hnh thnh pha di
lp b mt ca loi st pha ct.
doreite [4458] : doreit.
Dung nham andesit c lng kali (potassium)
v natri (sodium) gn bng nhau, l tng ng
phun tro ca mangerite. Tn gi xut pht t
a danh Mont Dore, qun auvergne nc Php,
do Lacroix xut nm 1923 cho trachyandesit
cha olivin. t c s dng.
dorfmanite [4459] : dorfmanit.
Khong vt: Na2H PO4.2H2O.
dorgalite [4460] : dogalit.
Basalt trong ban tinh c nht l olivin-
basalt olivin.
dormant volcano [4461] : ni la tt.
Ni la hin nay khng phun tro, nhng
hot ng trong thi gian qu kh v cng c
th hot ng tr li trong tng lai. Khng c
s phn bit chnh xc gia ni la tt (ng)
v ni la ang hot ng.
dorsal [4462] : lng.
Thuc v, hoc trn hay gn mt trn ca
mt con vt, th d pha mnh lng ca
Tay cun.
dorsal area [4463] : mt lng.
Phn ca vng cun tip xc vi vng cun
tip theo v Chn u cun nhiu vng.
dorsal cleft [4464] : khe lng.
Mt din tam gic mt lng mt vch ngn
trong khng c cht trm ng trong phng
(nu cht c ch khc), c Chn
u Orthoceras.
dorsal cup [4465] : lng dng chn.
B phn dng chn ca v ng vt Hu bin
to nn cc vch i ming v vch bn
khong ni tng, khng bao gm cc tay, np
ming v ct thn.
dorsal exoskeleton [4466] : b gip lng.
V lng khong cht ha bn chc ca mt
B ba thy; ng vt V gip l phn thng
vi ha ca v gm khin u v np gp ca v
xut hin t b di ca t hm v nh ln
khi thn thng gn lin vi mt hay vi
t ngc.
dorsal furrow [4467] : rnh lng.
Rnh nm dc trc B ba thy; Chn u
Nautiloidea l mt rnh vch.
dorsal lobe [4468] : thy lng.
Thy gia u tin ca ng khu trn mt
lng v Chn u.
dorsal shield [4469] : khin lng.
Nhng xng nh nm thnh dy dc tuyn
gia mt i ming ca tay mt Sao bin
Ophiuroidea; v lng y ca B ba thy,
bao gm gip u, gip ngc v khin ui.
dorsal valve [4470] : mnh lng.
Mnh cha mu tay Tay cun.
dorsomyarian [4471] : c c lng.
V ca Chn u Nautiloidea trong cc
c co rt ca khi chn-u bm vo v dc mt
trong ca phng cha thn, gn hoc trng vi
ng gia lng.
dorsum [4472] : lng, mt lng, mnh sng
lng; sng ni. Deleted: .
1- (cs) Lng, hoc mt lng ca mt ng
vt, th d mt lng ca v Chn u; din t
nhiu phng b mt khin ca Ostracoda tip
gip vi ng bn l v khi u t mt bn
ca mnh v; mnh sng lng Cn trng.
2- Thut ng do Hi Thin vn hc Quc t
xut ch sng ni ko di trn Sao Ha.
Thng thng cn c s dng ch mt b
phn a hnh c th trn Sao Ha.
dosalic [4473] : dosalic.
Mt trong nm lp trong phn loi CIPW cc
magma, trong t l ca cc khong vt
sng mu (salic) so vi cc khong vt sm mu
(femic) nh hn 7, nhng ln hn 5/3.
dose response curve [4474] : ng cong
liu lng.
th biu din quan h gia tnh trng sc
khe, bnh tt ca ngi v sinh vt vi hm
lng ca nguyn t ha hc trong mi trng
sng, trn phn ra cc khong: ti u (hm
lng va , thun li v an ton cho i
sng), thiu ht (di mc dinh dng cn
thit), d tha (vt mc c hi).
dosemic [4475] : dosemic.
Trong phn loi CIPW ca cc magma,
nhng c t l ca phn nn so vi ban
tinh nh hn 3/5, nhng ln hn 1/7. t c
s dng.
double Bouguer correction [4476] : hiu
chnh Bughe kp.
Thng thng, php hiu chnh kp p dng
trong trng hp o trng lc trong l khoan
hoc trong hm l.
double core barrel [4477] : ng hai lp, ng
ly mu hai lp.
double layer [4478] : tng, lp kp.
X: clay.
187
 double tombolo [4479] : tombolo kp, bi ni
o vi t lin.
Hai doi ct hoc di chn ct n l ni lin
o vi t lin (ko di, khp kn ni vi
b bin).
doublure [4480] : vin ra.
Mp khng gp ca b xng ngoi mt
ng vt Chn khp, nh l ra bng cong li
ca v mai ng vt V gip, nht l mt di
thng hp ko di xung quanh ra b xng
lng mt B ba thy un xung pha di
mt bng.
down time [4481] : thi gian cht.
downhole [4482] : trong l khoan.
downsampling [4483] : mt phng php biu
din nh bng cch chia nh thnh cc tp hp
mu c kch thc nh hn.
downstream [4484] : h lu, v pha h lu,
theo hng dng chy.
on sng pha di ca dng chy.
Downtonian [4485] : Downton.
Lot ct kt mu Anh: Devon h (phn
thp nht ca Gedin, nm di Ditton) trc y
c xp vo Silur thng.
downwarp [4486] : st ln, min trng,
min vng.
S st ln mt khu vc ca v tri t; v
d min vng trong ai to ni hay min
trng craton.
downwash [4487] : ra tri.
Cc ht nh b mt b ra tri xung sn
ni hoc sn i.
downwearing [4488] : mi mn, qu trnh
mi mn.
Qu trnh xm thc lm cho i ni thoi v
phng dn; qu trnh gp phn thc y pht
trin bn bnh nguyn.
dowser [4489] : nh cm x hc.
Ngi d tm cc vt th n trong lng t
bng chic gy thn, con lc ph thy,...
(nh cm x hc). X: waterfinder, diviner.
dowsing [4490] : phng php d bng
que bi.
Th thut d tm cc vt th n trong lng
t bng chic gy thn, con lc ph thy
(phng php cm x hc). X: radiesthesy,
divining rod, witching stick.
dowsing rod [4491] : que bi.
X: divining rod.
doxenic [4492] : doxenic.
Trong phn loi CIPW ca cc magma,
nhng c t l ca khong vt ch
(oikocryst) so vi ban tinh (phenocryst) nh hn
3/5, nhng ln hn 1/7. t c s dng.
dozer blade [4493] : li my i.
drag [4494] : lc cn; no vt.
1- Lc ca chuyn ng kh tc ng ln mt
nc, cn tr lp nc trn mt chuyn ng
theo hng gi.
2- X: dredge.
drag classifier [4495] : my tch qung, my
lng trong.
dragline [4496] : thit b no vt lng sng.
Dragonian [4497] : Dragon.
Bc Bc M. Paleocen h (nm trn Puerc,
nm di Torrejon).
drain [4498] : mng, mng, cng rnh, dn
nc, thot nc, ng dn nc.
1- Mt lung lch nh, hp t nhin cho Deleted: a)
nc chy.
2- Lung, lch, dng chy t nhin hay nhn Deleted: b)
to tho nc hoc a nc d tha khi Deleted: ng nc
mt khu vc. Knh mng nhm gim mc
nc ng rung c th canh tc c.
drain ditch [4499] : mng thot.
drain vertical [4500] : cng trnh tiu nc Deleted: D
thng ng.
Mt l khoan, ging, l ng,... c dng
tiu nc vo lng t.
drainage [4501] : mng sng, h thng tiu
nc, tiu nc.
1- Tnh cht ca a hnh nh nc mt Deleted: .
vng hay khu vc chy ra theo cc dng trn Deleted: m
mt hay dng di t.
2- Cc phng php t nhin v nhn to Deleted: .
dn nc.
3- Thut ng tng hp ch cc lu vc Deleted: .
cha nc.
drainage adit [4502] : ng tiu nc, ng
thot nc.
ng thu gom nc, thot nc trong khai
thc m bng hm l.
drainage area [4503] : din tch tiu nc,
vng thot nc.
drainage basin [4504] : lu vc tiu nc, bn Formatted
tiu nc.
Mt din tch hay mt vng c gii hn Deleted: khu vc
bi cc ng phn thy v c khng ch bi Deleted: chim c bng
mt mng sng; din tch cung cp nc cho
Deleted: h thng
mt s dng chy, h dng chy, h, p cha
nc, v.v. n: water shed, hydrographic basin. Deleted: c bit l di t hay
drainage blanket [4505] : lp t thot nc. Deleted: b sung
X: apron, blanket. Formatted
drainage density [4506] : mt mng Formatted
thy vn.
T s gia tng di ca cc sng sui
trong mt lu vc trn din tch lu vc, biu th
bng m/km2.
188
 drainage divide [4507] : ng chia nc,
ng phn thy.
Ranh gii gia hai lu vc sng, t y nc
chy v 2 lu vc khc nhau. n: divide.
drainage lake [4508] : h tiu nc,
h thong.
H thong, khng ng bng, khng c
ngun cung cp nc mt; h m mc nc
c khng ch chnh bng lu lng dng chy
thot nc ca n.
drainage of slopes [4509]:thot nc mi dc.
X: de-pressurization of slopes.
drainage path [4510] : qu o thot nc,
ng thot nc.
drainage pattern [4511] : hnh dng, m hnh
hay kiu mng sng.
Hnh dng hoc s phn b cc dng chy
trong mt vng (hay khu vc) nhn thy trn
bnh , v d: kiu thot nc dng cnh cy.
c im a cht khu vc, c im a mo v
lch s pht trin ca chng c lin quan cht
ch n m hnh mng sng.
drainage system [4512] : h thng thot nc,
h sng ngi, h mng sng.
1- Cc sng sui trn mt hoc ni d tr
nc b mt cng vi tt c cc dng chy khc
m khu vc c tiu nc.
2- H thng thot nc nhn to b mt
v ngm.
drainage well [4513] : ging tiu nc.
Ging dng tiu nc mt gm nc thi
dn sinh v nc thi cng nghip xung mt
tng cha nc thch hp. Hin nay loi ging
nh vy b cm s dng.
drakonite [4514] : drakonit.
phun tro bao gm cc ban tinh feldspar
kim, plagioclas, biotit v (hoc) hornblend
trong phn nn gm cc vi tinh feldspar kim v
amphibol hoc pyroxen kim xen gia.
Plagioclas c thnh phn thay i t oligoclas
ti labradorit. Apatit, sphen, magnetit v zircon
c th c mt di dng cc khong vt ph.
n: drachefels trachyte.
drapery [4515] : dng lp do dng chy.
Lp mng travertin m c hnh thnh khi
cc git nc chy xung mi nghing ca hang
ng vi v li sau chng nhng vt calcit
ngon ngoo. n: curtain.
DRASTIC method [4516] : phng php
DRASTIC.
Mt phng php lp bn nhy cm
ca tng cha nc da vo cc ch s: Chiu
su ca tng cha nc (depth: D); Lng b
cp cho nc di t (recharge: R); Thnh
phn t tng cha nc (aquifer: A); Thnh
phn t lp ph (soil: S); dc a hnh
(topography: T); nh hng ca i thng kh
(impact of vadose zone: I); Tnh thm ca t Deleted: nc
cha nc (conductivity: C). Mi ch s c
cho im theo thang bc t nguy him nht n
thun li nht. Da vo im s tng hp, ngi
ta nh gi v phn chia trn bn nhng vng
c nhy cm khc nhau.
X: aquifer vulnerability map.
drauned valley [4517] : thung lng chm,
thung lng chm ngp. Formatted
Thung lng c mt phn b nhn chm do s
xm ln ca h hoc bin, i dng.
n: submerged valley.
dravite [4518] : dravit, mt loi turmalin.
Khong vt giu magnesi mu nu ca nhm
turmalin: NaMg3Al6(Bo3)(Si6O18)(OH)4.
draw [4519] : khe, mng, thung lng nh; Deleted: VD
ko cng; v, ha ; khai thc qung. Deleted: :
draw back [4520] : tin thu quan c min
(hoc gim).
draw bar [4521] : cn ko, thanh c mc
( ko).
drawbar pull [4522] : lc ko, lc nng. Deleted: .
drawdown [4523] : h thp.
1- Mc h thp mc nc trong l khoan do
bm ht nc. Deleted: .
2- S chnh lch chiu cao gia mc thy
tnh hoc mc p lc v mc nc trong
l khoan.
drawdown curve [4524] : ng cong
h thp.
1- ng mt ct thng ng qua phu h
thp mc nc.
2- th biu din s bin i theo thi gian
ca mt nc di t khi bm.
dredge [4525] : no vt.
Dresbachian [4526] : Dresbach.
Bc Bc M. Cambri thng (nm trn
Francon, nm di Alberti).
dressed stone [4527] : c gia cng.
c mi vung thnh sc cnh v mi
nhn hoc mi nhm b mt.
drewite [4528] : carbonat calci ht mn.
Mt loi bn vi mu trng rt mn c thnh
phn ch yu l aragonit dng kim vi di
khong mt vi micron, c l c thnh to
trc tip t nc bin do tc ng ca vi khun
kh sulfat v nitrat.
driff level mining [4529] : khai thc dc va.
drift [4530] : t bi, vt tch t, dng chy,
tri dt. Deleted: th nm
1- Thut ng chung c s dng nc
189
Anh ch loi mnh vn b ri c vn
chuyn t mt ni ri c tch t mt
ni khc.
2- Bt k s vn chuyn b mt no ca vt
liu b ri do gi gy nn.
3- Dng tri, dng chy.
4- Trm tch lc nguyn c vn chuyn v
lng ng do sng v cc dng chy; v d dng
ven b.
5- S tri dt lc a (continental drift).
drift barrie lake [4531] : h bng tri chn,
h chn bng tri.
H bng h hnh thnh thng ngun, chn
thung lng hoc chn dng chy.
drift boulder [4532] : tng bng cun.
Do sng bng cun theo ri li.
drift current [4533] : dng tri, dng chy
do gi.
Dng chy chm ven b ca nc bin hay
i dng b mt do nh hng ca gi thnh
hnh. n: wind drift.
drift dam [4534] : p tri.
p, c hnh thnh do tch t vt liu
tri xung thung lng sng c trc.
drift lake [4535] : h tri.
H bng tch chim c thung lng st trn b
mt sng bng sau khi bng tan.
Drift period [4536] : k Drift.
Thut ng s dng khng chnh thc ch
Pleistocen. n: glacial epoch.
drift plain [4537] : ng bng tri dt, ng
bng tch.
ng bng to thnh trn b mt sng bng,
v d ng bng st tng bng m di n l
bng tch.
drift terrace [4538] : thm tch t.
Thut ng c s dng New England
ch loi thm bi tch.
drift theory [4539] : l thuyt tch t.
Gi thuyt cho rng than c ngun gc t s
tch t cc tn tch thc vt c vn chuyn
t ni chng sinh sng ti ni khc m chng
tch t, ni qu trnh to than xy ra.
Ngn: in-situ theory.
drill [4540] : khoan, khoan t hoc ly
mu, cng tc khoan.
drill (ing) bit [4541] : mi khoan, li khoan.
drill core [4542] : li khoan.
Mu t ly t h khoan.
drill hole [4543] : l khoan.
Dng ch l khoan tm kim khong sn
qu hoc l khoan thm d a cht.
drilled caisson [4544] : cc ng knh ln.
Mng ging c thi cng bng cng ngh
khoan p.
drilled well [4545] : l khoan. Deleted: na
L khoan tm nc, du hoc kh.
drilling [4546] : khoan.
drilling barge [4547] : x lan khoan.
drilling crew [4548] : kp th khoan,
i khoan.
drilling fluid [4549] : dung dch khoan.
drinking water [4550] : nc ung.
Nc c cht lng p ng tiu chun v
sinh c s dng vo mc ch n ung v ch
bin thc phm. n: potable water. Formatted
dripstone [4551] : mng .
Khi nim chung dng ch calcit hoc
trm tch hnh thnh trong cc hang ng do
nc chy nh git, bao gm cc nh c hnh
dng v kch thc khc nhau.
drive head [4552] : u dn. Deleted:
Dng trong ng cc, ng ng chng (for
casing or piles), v.v.
drive in a pile or sampler [4553] : ng cc
hoc ng ng ly mu t.
drive shoe [4554] : mi dn.
Dng trong ng cc thi cng.
drive to advance a tunnel [4555] : khoan thi
cng ng hm.
driven pile [4556] : cc ng.
Cc b tng ct thp c sn c ng vo
nn t bng my ng cc.
driven well [4557] : ging ng.
Ging c to ra bng cch ng ng vo
t.
driving helmet, drive cap [4558] : chp
u cc.
M c chp ln u cc trong khi ng
cc.
driving record (pile) [4559] : biu ng cc.
Biu ghi chp s nht ba p thay i vi
su ng cc.
drop [4560] : nh .
Mt th xm nhp trm tch, hnh phu
ngc, thng l ct kt phn mi ca
lp than.
drop caisson [4561] : mng ging, mng
ng knh ln.
X: drilled caison; pneumatic caison.
drop hammer [4562] : ba ng cc.
Ba ng cc theo nguyn l u ba ri t
do.
drowned coast [4563] : ng b b ngp.
ng b bin c cc khe, mng di v hp
do b sp ln, do ng b dch chuyn phn
thp hn ca thung lng sng vo phn ca sng
c triu.
190
 drowned reef [4564] : m tiu cht.
Loi m tiu nm su ln lm cho s
pht trin ca n b cn tr.
drowned river mounth [4565] : ca sng
ngp lt, ca sng b chm.
1- Phn cui thp ca sng c m rng ra
hoc b nhn chm do nc bin, i dng ln
b bin.
2- Ca sng.
drugmanite [4566] : drugmanit.
Khong vt: Pb2 (Fe+3, Al) (PO4)2 (OH).H2O.
drumlin [4567] : i hnh trng.
1- i trn, nhn trn, ko di do s tch t
ca bng tch (st bng tch) c dng ci trng
hoc him khi i c bng xy p ra ni
bng khi bng tri v pha trc. Chiu cao ca
i t 8m n 60m, trung bnh 30m; di t
400m n 2000m, trung bnh 1500m.
2- i gc c dng ci trng.
druse [4568] : hc, l hng; tinh m.
1- Hc, l hng khng u trong c th c
nc. n: drusy.
2- Nhng hc cha tinh th nh, phn b
khng theo qui lut, nm trong cc mch hoc
trong cc khc. Nhng tinh th ny ging
thnh phn ca cha chng. i khi trong
hc c lp y nc hoc dung dch.
Ss: geode.
3- B mt ca khong vt c nhng tinh th
nh ra, tinh th dng m trong nh calcit
dng ct, tr lp y trong cc hc vi.
dry basin [4569] : bn kh, bn cht, lu vc
kh hn.
Lu vc tch nc hay bn thu nc (bn
nc, b nc) trong lc a vng kh hu rt
kh nng, do vy khng c s thot nc. Ti
khng c h lu nin.
dry blasting agents (DBA) [4570] : thuc
n kh.
dry boring [4571] : khoan kh.
dry delta [4572] : qut bi tch; nn bi tch.
n: alluvial fan; alluvial cone.
dry density [4573] : mt kh, trng
lng kh.
Khi lng ca t hoc ca ct liu trn
mt n v th tch sau khi c sy kh
nhit 105oC.
dry lake [4574] : h kh, h cht.
1- H trc y tng c nc.
2- H mui cn ( chu Phi, vng Trung );
di t hp c sui vng kh hu kh cn,
nng thng c h gin on.
dry mix process [4575] : qu trnh trn kh.
dry ore [4576] : qung kh.
Qung c m ph hp cho cng tc gia
cng tip theo.
dry permafrost [4577]: tng bng h kh cn.
Vng t ng bng h vnh vin c rt t
vn bng hoc khng c m.
dry strength (rock) [4578] : cng ca Deleted: .
trng thi kh.
dry unit weight [4579]:trng lng ring kh.
dry valley [4580] : thung lng kh, thung Deleted: .
lng cht.
Thung lng khng c nc chy hoc qu t
nc; thung lng khng c sng sui chy qua.
Nguyn nhn c th l s cp dng ca h Deleted: .
thng sng sui khc, s thay i kh hu hay Formatted
lng ma ri. Thung lng kh in hnh cho
Formatted
vng pht trin phn hay vi.
n: dead valley.
dry weight [4581] : trng lng kh.
drying shringkage [4582] : co ngt kh. Deleted: .
S co ngt (ca t hoc b tng) do m
b mt i.
drysdallite [4583] : drysdalit.
Khong vt h su phng: Mo (Se, S)2.
Duchesnian [4584] : Duchesn.
Bc Bc M. Eocen thng (nm trn Uint,
nm di Chadron).
Duck Lake [4585] : Duck Lake, H Vt.
Bc chu u. Miocen (nm trn
Napoleonville, nm di Clovelly).
ductile deformation [4586] : bin dng do.
Qu trnh xy ra khi vn c th chu bin
dng vnh cu m khng mt i kh nng chu Deleted: i
ti.
ductility [4587] : mm do, d un.
dufrenite [4588] : dufrenit.
Khong vt mu xanh-en nht:
Fe2+ F43+ (PO4)3 (OH)5.2H2O.
n: kraurit; green iron ore.
dufrenoysite [4589] : dufrenoysit.
Khong vt h thoi mu xm-ch: Pb2 As2 S5.
duftite [4590] : duftit. Deleted: tam gic chu kh
Khong vt h thoi: Pb Cu (AsO4) (OH).
dug well [4591] : ging o.
Ging nng, ng knh ln c o bng
tay hay bng my.
duhamelite [4592] : duhamelit.
Khong vt: Cu4 Pb2 Bi (VO4)4 (OH)3.8H2O.
dumalite [4593] : dumalit.
Trachyandesit c c trng bi kin trc Deleted: .
gian phin (intersertal) v cha thy tinh, c th Deleted: .
c thnh phn ca nephelin. Tn gi mang danh
vng Dumala Caucasus. Hin t c s dng.
dumontite [4594] : dumontit.
Khong vt h thoi, mu vng:
191
 Pb2 (UO2)3 (PO4)2 (OH)4.3H2O.
dumortierite [4595] : dumortierit.
Khong vt: Al7 (BO3) (SiO4)3 O3, mu xanh
sng, xanh nc bin, xanh nht thuc nhm
silimanit, c th cha st c trong
phin, gneis.
dumortierite quartz [4596] : thch anh
dumortierit.
Loi thch anh kt tinh dng khi, xanh m
c. Mu ca n do nhng tinh th ca
dumortierit gy ra.
dumped deposit [4597] : tch t bi thi, tch
t khng kim sot.
Loi trm tch cha b chn lc c lng
ng trc tip di chn sng hay y dng
chy, hoc c vn chuyn n vi tc qu
nhanh lm cho sng v dng chy khng khng
ch c s phn b ca chng.
dumper [4598] : xe vn chuyn t .
dundasite [4599] : dundasit.
Khong vt mu trng:
Pb Al2 (CO3)2 (OH)4.2H2O.
dune [4600] : n, ng, g ct.
1- n, i, g, ng ct do gi to nn, c
th c cy ci hoc khng c cy ci pht trin.
2- Sng ct to thnh do nc chy.
n: sand dune.
dune complex [4601] : phc h cn ct.
Mt tp hp cc cn ct khng c nh hay
c nh mt vng nht nh, cng vi nhng
ng bng ct v cc vng, h, m ly c
hnh thnh do ct lm tc nghn dng chy.
dune lake [4602] : h n ct.
1- H chim c (t lng) lu vc cha nc
(bn nc) do cc cn ct di ng dc b ri
chn ca sng li.
2- H chim c thung lng thi mn dc
theo cc cn ct.
dune ridge [4603] : g cn ct.
Hng lot cn chn tin tiu c xy p
dc theo b bin do b bin thoi lui.
dune rock [4604] : n ct, ct
phong thnh.
Loi ct phong thnh c cha ct n.
dune sand [4605] : ct n; cn ct bay.
Mt kiu ct bay c gi tch t li thnh
cn ct, thng cha cc ht thch anh trn
cnh vi ht thay i t 0,1 n 1mm.
dungannonite [4606] : dungannonit.
Diorit kim c cha corindon. Tn do
Adams v Barlow a ra nm 1910, bt ngun
t a danh Dungannon, bang Ontario. t c
s dng.
dunite [4607] : dunit.
1- Trong phn loi ca IUGS, xm nhp Deleted: a
vi ch s M bng hoc ln hn 90, v
ol/(ol+opx+Cpx+hbl) ln hn 90.
2- Peridotit trong khong vt mafic ton Deleted: b
b l olivin vi khong vt qung l cromit. Tn Deleted: ng ngha: olivin.
gi do Hochsteter a ra nm 1864, ly tn dy
ni Dun New Zealand. n: olivin rock.
Dunkardian [4608] : Dunkardi.
Thng khu vc Bc M. Phn trn cng ca
Pensylvania-Permi h (nm trn Monongaheli).
dunstone [4609] : mu nu xm, dunstone.
1- Spilit dng hnh nhn. Ly tn a phng
trong vng Plymouth nc anh. t c
s dng.
2- Loi vi cha magnesi mu pht vng
hoc mu kem dng ht cng chc gn vng
Matlock, nc Anh.
3- Thut ng c s dng x Wales ch
loi st chu la rn chc hoc loi st nm
di tng than.
duplivincular [4610] : dy chng kp.
Ni v kiu dy chng Thn mm hai mnh
(th d Arca) trong thnh phn phin lp li
nh mt lot cc di, mi di vi hai cnh gn Deleted: .
vo cc rnh hp trong din bn l ca cc mnh
tng ng. Deleted: .
Dupuit Forchheimer well discharge formula
[4611] : cng thc lu lng ging Dupuit
Forchheimer.
Cng thc biu din quan h lu lng-mc
h thp i vi mt ging bm c dng chy n
nh trong mt tng cha nc di t trn mt
nn khng thm nm ngang.
durability of shotcrete [4612] : bn (thi Deleted: .
gian) ca b tng phun.
durangite [4613] : durangit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu : Deleted: .
NaAl (AsO4) F.
Durangoan [4614] : Durango.
Bc Bc M. Creta h (nm trn LaCasi
ca Jura, nm di Nuevoleon).
duranusite [4615] : duranusit.
Khong vt h thoi: As4S.
duration [4616] : khong thi gian.
Khong thi gian gia triu rng v triu Deleted: , ct cn
cng hoc ngc li.
durbachite [4617] : durbachit.
xm nhp gm ch yu feldspar kim,
biotit v hornblend, vi mt lng nh
plagioclas, v cc khong vt ph: thch anh,
apatit, sphen, zircon v cc oxid khng thu
quang. Tng ng vi syenit hornblend-biotit
sm mu. Cc ban tinh orthoclas to thnh cc
song tinh Carsbad trong phn nn bao gm ch
192
yu tp hp cc tm biotit v orthoclas
(Johannson, 1939),... Tn gi bt ngun t a
danh Durbach trong min Rng en (Black
Forest) c. t c s dng.
dussertite [4618] : dusertit.
Khong vt: Ba Fe3 (AsO4)2 (OH)5.
dust [4619] : bi.
1- Loi vt cht rn, kh, cha cc ht st v
c ht bt dng t (ng knh nh hn
1/16mm), b phn tch nh n mc chng c
th b gi a i rt xa dng l lng lu di
trn cao, nhng cng c th li ri xung b mt
tri t.
2- Cc ht nh ngoi Tri t bay vo kh
quyn, nh bi v tr, bi thin thch, v.v.
dust sand [4620] : ct bi.
Vt th m cc ht cu thnh n c ng
knh thay i t 0,025 n 0,04mm v b dng
chy vi tc 1,5mm/giy ra tri. C ht ny
tng ng vi loi bt kch thc trung bnh
v ln.
dust size [4621] : kch thc bi, c bi,
c bn.
Thut ng c s dng trong Trm tch hc
ch mt khi c kch thc nh hn mt hnh
trn vi ng knh 1/16mm, n bao hm kch
thc c bt v c st.
dust tuff [4622] : tuf bi ni la.
Loi tuf c cp ht rt nh; mt lp bi
ni la cng chc. n: mud tuff.
dutch cone penetrometer [4623] : thit b
xuyn tnh, xuyn cn kiu H Lan.
duttonite [4624] : dutonit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu nu nht:
VO(OH)2.
dwarf fauna [4625] : h ng vt ci.
Phc h ha thch gm nhng mu c kch
thc nh. Nhiu h ng vt ci l kt qu ca
la chn trm tch, mt s khc do bnh tt
hoc nhng nh hng ca mi trng.
n: diminutive fauna; stunted fauna.
dwornikite [4626] : dwornikit.
Khong vt: (Ni, Fe) SO4.H2O, thuc nhm
kieserit.
dyachyte [4627] : dyachyt.
c thnh to do qu trnh c hc hoc
ha hc ca magma nng chy su (anatectic)
bi vt liu basic cng ngun gc.
Dyassic [4628] : Dyas.
T c tng ng vi Permi.
dyke [4629] : dike.
magma xuyn qua nhiu khc nhau
hoc theo cc ph hy kin to di dng th
tng, th mch. Cc mch thng c xuyn
ln sau khi hnh thnh cc th xm nhp chnh.
C hai loi mch: loi khng phn d thnh
phn ging xm nhp chnh v loi phn d
thnh phn khc xm nhp chnh.
dynamic correction [4630] : php hiu
chnh ng. Deleted: hc
Mt hiu chnh ng trong cng tc a chn Deleted: hc
tm kim, thm d.
dynamic equilibrium [4631] : cn bng ng.
iu kin ca mt h thng, trong cc
cht trong dng chy ra v chy vo cn
bng nhau.
dynamic geology [4632] : a cht ng lc.
T chung ch mt nhnh ca khoa hc a
cht, chuyn nghin cu v nguyn nhn v qu
trnh ca cc hin tng a cht; a cht vt l.
dynamic geomorphology [4633] : a mo
ng lc.
Phn tch nh lng cc qu trnh a mo
ng lc c x l nh l "ng sut trng lc
hoc ng sut dch chuyn phn t xy ra trong
vt cht Tri t c tnh do, n hi hoc lng,
gy ra cc loi bin dng, ph hy c trng
thc y cc qu trnh phong ha".
dynamic loading due to blasting [4634] :
cht ti ng do n mn.
dynamic metamorphism [4635] : bin cht
ng lc.
Tng th ca cc qu trnh v l kt qu ca
chuyn ng to ni v ca cc ng lc khc
nhau to thnh cc mi t cc c hn,
vi s thay i r rt thnh phn khong vt v
kin trc do s nn p v dch trt nhit
thp v ti kt tinh mnh m nhit cao. Qu
trnh ny c th bao hm nhng vng rng ln
ca v Tri t, c ngha l mang c tnh khu
vc. n: dynamometamorphism.
dynamic pressure [4636] : p lc ng.
p lc do ng nng ca cht lng. Deleted: s
dynamic range [4637] : bin ng. Deleted: hc
T s gia bin cc i v bin cc
Deleted: :
tiu ca tn hiu a chn ghi c.
dynamic recrystallization [4638] : ti kt tinh Formatted
ng lc. Formatted
S thnh to nhng ht mi trong do bin
i trng thi cng, l qu trnh khi phc li
cu to ht nhn v do cnh tranh tng trng
ca cc ht.
dynamic relaxation method [4639] : phng
php th nghim hi phc ng.
dynamic reserves [4640] : tr lng ng.
(cthv) Lng nc m t c cung cp
trong iu kin t nhin bi nc ma, nc mt
hay nc t cc tng cha nc khc.
193
 dynamic strain induced by
propagation [4641] : bin dng ng do lan
truyn sng.
dynamic stress [4642] : ng sut ng.
dynamic viscosity [4643] : nht ng.
S o sc cn trong lng cht lng i vi s
chy thng biu th bng mt h s thay i
theo nhit .
dynamic young's modulus [4644] : h s n
hi ng.
L h s n hi tnh c t tc sng m
trn c s l thuyt n hi. Cc h s n hi
tnh v ng t lin quan vi nhau v chu tc
v bin gia ti khc hn nhau, chng hn
khi o bng xung sng m v cht ti c hc
bng kch. H s n hi ng c th ln gp 10
ln h s n hi tnh, nht l trong mm
yu, bo ha.
dynamite [4645] : thuc n dynamit.
dynamogranite [4646] : granit ng lc.
Thut ng rt t c s dng cho cc
gneis dng mt cha nhiu microclin v
orthoclas (Krivenko v Lapchik, 1934).
dynamometamorphism [4647] : bin cht
ng lc.
X: dislocation metamorphism. n: dynamic
metamorphism.
dynamothermal metamorphism [4648] :
bin cht nhit ng lc.
Kiu bin cht chung l kt qu ca s p
nn trc tip v ng sut dch trt cng nh s
thay i rng ca p sut v nhit . C lin
quan vi cc di to ni rng ln c v a l ln
ngun gc, v do mang tnh khu vc.
dypingite [4649] : dypingit.
Khong vt: Mg5 (CO3)4 (OH)2.5H2O.
dysanalyte [4650] : dysanalyt.
Mt loi perovskit cha niobi v tantal.
wave dyscrasite [4651] : dyscrasit.
Khong vt mu trng bc: Ag3Sb.
dysodont [4652] : Rng yu.
Ni v kiu b rng Thn mm hai mnh
(th d mt s Mytilacea) trong cc rng bn
l nh v yu, nm gn nh.
dysprosium [4653] : dysprosi (Dy).
Nguyn t ha hc s 66, nguyn t lng
162,503; t trng 8,551g/cm3, thuc nhm REE
kim loi nng, lithophil, c 7 ng v bn v 26
ng v khng bn. Hm lng Dy trong cc
(theo ppm): trong v lc a trn l 2,9-3,5. Cc
khong vt tiu biu l monazit, bastnaesit.
Phng php phn tch Dy: ICP-MS. Cc
khong vt ca Dy c s dng trong cc
ngnh cng nghip ht nhn, t v quang t.
dystrophic lake [4654] : h thiu dinh dng.
H khng cc cht dinh dng v c
lng oxy qu cao pha di y; nc h c
mu hi nu hoc hi vng vi cc cht hu c
khng phn hy, rt t ha thch y v ng vt
y, thng lin quan vi h than bn, acid.
dystrophic water [4655] : nc lon dinh
dng, nc nhc dng.
Nc ngho cht dinh dng v c hm
lng cht mn cao, khng thun li cho s Deleted:
sng ca cc loi thy sinh.
dzhalindite [4656] : dzhalindit.
Khong vt mu nu vng: In(OH)3, l sn
phm bin i ca Indit.
dzhetymite [4657] : dzhetymit.
Mt quy c nh lng ch loi chn
lc km c t l hm lng cc cp ht gn cn
bng (25-35% mi cp ht), cha sn (ng
knh t 1 n 10mm-theo vn liu Nga), ct
(0,1-1mm) v bn (nh hn 0,1mm).
194
 Thut ng Anh ch sng ngi, dng,
lung, v.v.
E
ea [4658] : sui, sng ngi, dng, lung, v.v.
Eaglefordian [4659] : Eagleford.
Bc Bc M. Creta thng (nm trn
Woodbin, nm di Austin).
eakerite [4660] : eakerit.
Khong vt: Ca2SnAl2Si6O16(OH)6.
ear [4661] : tai.
u nhn hoc dp ca v Tay cun nm
ngay di ng bn l.
eardleyite [4662] : eardleyit.
Khong vt h ba phng :
(Ni,Zn)6 Al2(CO3)(OH)16.4H2O (?).
earlandite [4663] : earlandit.
Khong vt mu vng nht n mu trng,
cha citrat calci ngm nc :
Ca3(C6H5O7)2.4H2O. Earlandit pht hin c
trong trm tch y i dng vng Weddell
Sea, nam i Ty Dng.
earlshannonite [4664] : earlshanonit.
Khong vt: MnFe+92(PO4)2(OH)2.4H2O,
cha mangan tng t vi whitmoreit.
early [4665] : sm.
Gn lin hoc xut hin gn vi s bt u
ca mt khong thi gian, tnh t ph tr ca
phn v thi gian a cht (i, k, th), ch mi
quan h xc nh v tng ng v thi gian cho
phn thp (di). Mu t u tin ca thut ng
c vit hoa ch s phn chia chnh thc (nh
Early Devonian, Devon sm) v ch thng ch
s phn chia khng chnh thc (early Miocene,
u Miocen). Thut ng khng chnh thc c
th s dng cho cc i, th v cc k m khng
c phn v nh hn. Ss: middle.
early diagenesis [4666] : diagenes sm, thnh
sm.
Qu trnh to xy ra ngay sau khi tch t
trm tch. Thut ng ny tng ng vi thut
ng diagenesis ca cc nh a cht Nga.
n: syngenesis; syndiagenesis.
early strength of shotcrete [4667] : cng
sm ca b tng phun.
Earth [4668] : Tri t; t.
1- L mt hnh tinh ca Thi dng h (h
Mt tri) ng th nm v ln trong 9 hnh
tinh v ng th ba (gia Sao Kim = Venus v
Sao Ha = Mars) v khong cch t Mt tri
(khong 150 x106 km hay bng 93 triu dm).
Nhng s liu chnh ca Tri t: bn knh xch
o 6.378km (3.963,5 dm); bn knh cc
6.357km (3.941 dm); bn knh trung bnh
6.371km (3.950 dm); chu vi xch o
40.075km (24.902 dm); din tch b mt
5,101x108km2 (197x106 dm vung).
2-(trt) Loi trm tch hu c dng b ri,
mc d khng cn trong qu trnh tch t, v d
nh radiolarian earth v diatomaceous earth;
Loi vt liu v nh hnh ht mn, nh st hoc
vt cht ging st.
earth borer [4669] : my o t.
earth dam [4670] : p t, t. Deleted: .
, p c xy dng bng vt liu ca Tri
t (nh cui, si, sn, , phong ha v vn,
ct, bt hoc t) c phn nhn l st hoc vt
liu khng thm nc v mt ngoi bng
gi cho khi xi mn do sng.
earth dike [4671] : t.
Cng trnh nhn to p dc hai b sng
chng l lt, s dng t p l chnh.
earth pressure [4672] : p lc t.
1- p lc ca t tc dng ln cc cu trc. Deleted: a)
V d nh tng chn.
2- p lc tc dng ln khi t xem xt ti Deleted: b)
mt v tr bt k trn ranh gii ca n. Deleted:
earth pressure cell [4673] : ng h o p
lc t.
earth pressure coefficient [4674] : h s p
lc t.
earth science [4675] : khoa hc Tri t.
Thut ng chung cho cc ngnh khoa hc c
lin quan n Tri t. i khi thut ng ny
c s dng ng ngha vi a cht hc
(geology) hoc cc khoa hc a cht (geologic
science). Nhng y l thi quen sai lch bi v
195
khoa hc Tri t c lnh vc rng hn, quan
tm n cc i tng khc nh kh tng hc,
hi dng hc vt l, a ha t, nng hc.
Thut ng c s dng dng s t.
Earth summit [4676] : Hi ngh thng nh
Tri t.
earthfall [4677] : t ri, t st.
earthflow [4678] : hin tng trt t, dng
chy t.
S dch chuyn mt khi ln t v phong
ha trn mt mt trt xc nh v theo mt
ranh gii r rng. Mt trt t nhiu c hng
song song vi mt a hnh, khi trt s nm
li mt khu vc c a hnh trng chn sn
dc. Vt liu trong qu trnh trt t khi b o
ln, tr mt t vt liu nm ngoi ra.
earthquake [4679] : ng t.
S chuyn ng bt thnh lnh hoc s chn
ng trong v Qu t do s gii phng nng
lng c tch ly.
earthquake engineering [4680] : k thut
chng ng t.
Mn hc (s) nghin cu v hnh vi ca
mng cng trnh v cc cu trc lin quan ti
cc dao ng a chn v cc bin php hn ch
nh hng ca ng t ti cc cng trnh.
earthquake intensity [4681] : cng
ng t.
Hiu ng ng t mt vng chi tit (cng
ng t), ph thuc khng nhng vo ln
(magnitut) m cn vo khong cch t v tr
ng t n chn tm v a cht ca vng.
earthquake magnitude [4682] : bin
ng t.
S o cng ca tm ng t hoc nng
lng bin dng do ng t gii phng, n
c xc nh bng cc biu quan trc.
earthquake period [4683] : chu k ng t.
Khong thi gian m theo cc chn ng
khng c s ngng ngh.
earthquake record [4684] : biu ghi
ng t.
earthquake resistant [4685] : kh nng chng
ng t (cctr).
cp n vic chng ng t ca mng
hoc kt cu cng trnh.
earthquake swarm [4686] : lot trn ng
t nh.
Mt lot cc trn ng t nh nhng khng
c trn no c chn ng mnh, xut hin trong
vng c gii hn v thi gian.
earthquake zone [4687] : vng ng t.
Vng ca v Qu t trong c cc t gy
ang hot ng v i khi c xut hin ni la.
Earthwatch [4688] : canh gi Tri t.
Cc hot ng quc t v nghin cu khoa
hc-k thut, kinh t-ti chnh, tiu chun-php
ch, t chc,... nhm theo di s bin i mi
trng ton cu.
earthwork [4689] : cng trnh t, cng vic
khai thc vn chuyn p t (cctr).
Tin trnh xy dng cc nn t, xy dng
nn mng cho cc cng trnh, san gt v lu m
cc vt liu t p; Nn p hoc cc cng Deleted: b)
trnh c xy dng bng t.
earthy [4690] : t, cha t; dng t. Deleted: u
(kv) Ni v khong vt nh m c, s ln b
mt c cm gic x x hoc l loi khong vt Deleted: mt
tng t nh st cng. Deleted: xoay trn
earthy breccia [4691] : dm kt dng t. Deleted: pha
Loi dm kt c t l hm lng mi thnh
phn mnh vn, ct, v bt+st trn 10% thnh
phn .
earthy calamine [4692] : calamin dng t.
X: hydrozincite.
earthy cobalt [4693] : cobal dng t.
X: asbolite.
earthy lignite [4694] : than nu dng t, than
lignit dng t.
Than nu v nh hnh, xp v b.
eastonite [4695] : eastonit.
Mt loi biotit: K2 Mg5 Al4 SiO5 O20(OH)4.
ebb delta [4696] : chu th triu kit. Deleted: .
Chu th thy triu c hnh thnh do dng
triu kit v lm thay i hnh dng do sng.
ebbing well [4697] : ging b nh hng
ca triu.
Ging trong t cha nc gn b bin c
mc dao ng do nh hng thy triu. Deleted: nc ln xung cng vi
ebridian [4698] : sinh vt n bo c roi.
Sinh vt n bo bin c c trng l lng
roi, mt khung xng silic cng v khng c t
bo sc t.
eccentric loading [4699] : cht ti lch tm.
ecdemite [4700] : ecdemit.
Khong vt mu vng sng n xanh l cy:
Pb6As2O7Cl4.
ecdysis [4701] : lt xc.
Qu trnh lt b b xng ngoi ca ng vt
Chn khp.
echinating [4702] : mc gai.
Cc gai xng Bt bin mc ra theo mt gc
t b mt th xng.
Echinoderm [4703] : Da gai (Echinodermata). Formatted
ng vt khng xng sng n l sng trn
y (t khi ngoi khi) bin thuc mt ngnh c
c trng l i xng ta tia, c khung xng
trong to nn t cc tm v xng nh bng tinh
196
th calcit, v mt h ht-thi nc. Ngnh ny
gm cc phn ngnh Dng cu gai, Dng sao
bin, Dng hu bin v Da gai khng ta tia.
Echinoid [4704] : Cu gai (Echinoidea).
ng vt Dng cu gai thuc mt lp c c
trng l hnh gn cu hay cu bin i, cc
phin cht vi ci vo nhau v cc chi c ng
c, v d nhm bin.
echinozoan [4705] : dng Cu gai (Echinozoa).
Da gai dng cu, dng a hay dng ng,
sng t do, thuc mt phn ngnh c c trng
l khng c tay, mu tay v tia xe rng, v c
s u th ca ng tng trng so vi i xng
hai bn. Tui: Cambri sm n ngy nay.
eckermannite [4706] : eckermanit.
Khong vt h n nghing nhm amphibol:
Na3(Mg,Li)4(Al,Fe)Si8O22(OH,F)2.
eckrite [4707] : eckrit.
Khong vt h n nghing nhm amphibol:
NaCa(Mg,Fe2+)4Fe+3Si8O22(OH)2.
eclarite [4708] : eclarit.
Khong vt: (Cu, Fe)Pb2 Bi12 S28.
eclogite [4709] : eclogit.
dng ht ch yu c granat (almandin-
pyrop) v pyroxen natri (omphacit), rutil, kyanit
v thch anh thng c mt.
eclogite facies [4710] : tng eclogit.
T hp khong vt bin cht (tng), trong
cc basic c c trng bi pyroxen
omphacit v granat pyrop-almandin. Cng
thng gp, mc d khng phi l ch yu, t
hp khong vt pyrop + olivin + diopsit +
enstantit. Vic nghin cu cn bng pha ch ra
rng t hp khong vt t trng cao ny ch th
cho p sut kt tinh cao, mc d mi trng a
cht m trong cc pha tn ti v s thay i
v thnh phn khong vt ch ra s thay i rng
ri v iu kin nhit -p sut c th. Nhiu
cng trnh nghin cu ch ra rng p sut H2O
thp l cn thit, cn p sut v nhit bao
trm ln l p sut v nhit ca cc pha bin
cht khc.
eclogitic [4711] : eclogit.
1- Thuc v eclogit.
2- c t hp khong vt clinopyroxen v
granat vi mt phn phn t jadeit trong
pyroxen. Trong trng hp ny khng mang
ngha v ngun gc hoc thnh phn tng th
ca .
ecogeology [4712] : a cht sinh thi.
X: ecological geology.
ecohydrogeology [4713] : thy a cht
sinh thi.
Khoa hc ghp ni gia thy a cht hc
(a cht thy vn) vi sinh thi hc, chuyn
nghin cu nh hng ca cc iu kin a cht
thy vn v nc di t cng nhng qu trnh
xy ra trong (nhng phn ng l-ha, sinh Formatted
hc, qu trnh di lu, tch t cc nguyn t hay
hp cht ha hc, qu trnh nhim bn, nhim
mn,...) n s sng ca con ngi v sinh vt.
Thy a cht sinh thi c bit ch n cc Deleted: Thu
nguyn t dinh dng hay c hi trong nc Deleted: :
nh hng n c th sinh vt.
Formatted
ecologic facies [4714] : qun din sinh thi.
X: environmental facies.
ecologic potential [4715] : tim nng sinh thi.
Kh nng ca mt sinh vt khng ch trc Deleted: :
tip v bin i mi trng ca n, nh l kh
nng ca sinh vt to rn c th dng ln mt
khung cng v bn vng trong i sng mnh.
ecologic reef [4716] : rn sinh thi, m tiu
sinh thi.
Rn ha thch (loi m tiu c) c dng
ln v gn kt li bi cc sinh vt thnh mt
khi nh cao rn chc, chu c sng di
y bin.
ecological geochemistry [4717] : a ha
sinh thi.
Khoa hc ghp ni gia a ha hc v sinh
thi hc chuyn nghin cu nh hng ca
nhng nhn t a ha ca mi trng n sc
khe, bnh tt ca con ngi v ng vt cng
nh s pht trin ca thc vt. Mt ni dung
nghin cu c c bit quan tm ca a ha
sinh thi l s d tha hay thiu ht mt s
nguyn t ha hc no trong mi trng nh
hng n s sng sinh vt.
ecological geology [4718] : a cht sinh thi.
Mt lnh vc a cht hc chuyn nghin cu
phn trn cng ca thch quyn (cc tng trn
ca v Tri t) nh mt trong s nhng hp Deleted: b mt
phn v sinh ca cc h sinh thi c t chc cao.
Ni cch khc, a cht sinh thi va l mt
nh hng khoa hc ca a cht, va l mt
thnh phn ca a sinh thi hc, n nghin cu
cc chc nng sinh thi ca thch quyn, quy
lut thnh to v bin i ca chng, trc ht Deleted: a
l trong mi quan h vi s sng v hot ng
ca con ngi. Thut ng c s dng rng ri Deleted: b
Nga. n: environmental geology (dng cc Deleted: (theo Trofimov V.T v Ziling
D.G)
nc phng Ty).
ecological geophysics (ecogeophysics) [4719]:
a vt l sinh thi.
Khoa hc ghp ni gia a vt l v sinh Formatted
thi hc chuyn nghin cu tc ng ca cc
trng a vt l (trng trng, t trng, in
trng, trng a chn, trng phng x,...) n
c th ngi v sinh vt.
197
 ecology [4720] : sinh thi hc.
Khoa hc nghin cu mi quan h gia sinh
vt v mi trng ca chng, bao gm s nghin
cu cc kiu qun x, cc chu k thin nhin,
mi quan h gia cc sinh vt vi nhau, sinh a
l hc v cc thay i qun c. n: bionomics.
economic [4721] : kinh t, c li.
economic (commercial) evaluation of a
mineral deposit [4722] : nh gi gi tr m
khong bng tin.
Ch tiu (ch s) phn nh (th hin) tng
hiu qu kinh t ca ton b thi hn khai thc
m. N c xc nh di dng (nh l) hiu
s gia gi tr sn phm cui cng ca khong
sn khai thc c tnh theo gi c xc
nh v chi ph khai thc trong sut thi hn
khai thc. nh gi m bng tin phc v vic
xc nh v la chn ranh gii ti u gia tr
lng kinh t v cn kinh t (tr lng trong v
ngoi cn i). Gi tr tnh bng tin c xc
nh trong qu trnh nh gi kinh t-a cht
khi kt thc thm d s b v thm d t m;
Cn trong qu trnh khai thc ch s ny c th
l c s chuyn tr lng ngoi cn i v
nhm tr lng trong cn i.
economic (commercial) value of a mineral
deposits [4723] : nh gi kinh t m khong,
nh gi m khong, gi tr kinh t m khong,
gi m khong.
c xc nh bng t hp cc thng s nh:
Hiu qu kinh t (ca vic khai thc s dng),
li nhun lm tng thu nhp quc dn, hoc l
loi nguyn liu khong rt cn cho t nc
(quc phng chng hn), mc gp phn tha
mn nhu cu ca nn kinh t quc dn, c nhu
cu xut khu v.v. Gi m ph thuc quy m m
v cht lng qung, gi thnh khai thc v ch
bin, cht lng v s lng sn phm cui cng
(thnh phm) thu c, thi gian xy dng v
khai thc, kh nng sinh li v hon vn u t
c bn v hng lot cc ch tiu khc phn nh
cc iu kin a l-kinh t, dn c, sinh thi v
ngha kinh t quc dn ca m (ng ngha
vi nh gi m bng tin).
economic consequences of instability [4724] :
cc hu qu v kinh t ca tnh mt n nh.
V d nh tnh mt n ca mi dc, hm
l, v.v.
economic efficiency of geological prospecting
[4725] : hiu qu kinh t ca cng tc thm d
a cht, hiu qu kinh t thm d.
nh gi tng quan gia kt qu v chi ph
ca cng tc thm d a cht.
economic evaluation (estimation) of mineral
deposits [4726] : nh gi kinh t m khong.
economic geology [4727] : a cht kinh t.
Nghin cu, phn tch v nh gi cc th a
cht c cc nguyn liu (nhin liu, kim loi,
phi kim loi,...) m con ngi s dng c li.
economic geology map [4728] : bn kinh
t-a cht. Deleted: :
Loi bn chuyn kinh t, c thnh
lp trn bn nn a cht v th hin (phn
nh) cc ch s kinh t pht trin c s nguyn
liu khong.
economic limit [4729] : gii hn kinh t.
economic mineral reserves [4730] : tr lng
kinh t, tr lng trong cn i.
Phn tr lng khong sn m vic khai thc,
s dng chng c hiu qu kinh t vi cng
ngh v k thut khai thc, ch bin nguyn liu
tin tin m bo cc quy nh ca lut php v
s dng.
economic reserve [4731] : tr lng kinh t.
Tr lng c chng minh c li v kinh t
khi khai thc.
economic yield [4732] : lu lng kinh t.
Lu lng ln nht c th bm c t tng
cha nc m khng gy ra nh hng xu n
tng cha nc v cht lng nc.
economics of geological prospecting [4733] :
kinh t thm d a cht.
Khoa hc kinh t chuyn ngnh nghin cu
cc hnh thi tc ng c th ca cc quy lut
kinh t trong sn xut a cht. Nhng vn
nghin cu quan trng nht ca kinh t a cht
l: D bo xu th pht trin ca ngnh a cht,
nghin cu hon thin vic lp k hoch v t
chc cng tc a cht, nghin cu cc phng
php qun l hin i sn xut a cht, phng
php tnh ton v phn tch cc ch tiu kinh t- Deleted: .
k thut ca cng tc a cht, nghin cu hon Deleted:
thin cc phng php nh gi hiu qu kinh t
ca cng tc a cht, v.v.
economics of mineral resources [4734] : kinh
t khong sn.
B mn khoa hc nghin cu theo quan im
kinh t (v phng din kinh t) cc vn v
thit lp c s nguyn liu khong vi t cch l
mt trong nhng yu t ca lc lng sn xut
x hi. Nhng vn nghin cu ch yu ca
kinh t nguyn liu khong l: Nghin cu cc
phng php xc nh nhu cu nguyn liu
khong ca nn kinh t quc dn, nh gi kinh
t a cht cc m khong, hon thin c ch v
bin php qun l ti nguyn khong sn,
nghin cu gii php s dng hp l nguyn liu
khong, v.v.
economy in design of shotcrete mixes [4735]:
Tnh kinh t trong thit k hn hp b
198
 tng phun.
ecospace [4736] : khng gian sinh thi.
Khong nm trong khung siu khng gian
mi trng tng ng vi cc hon cnh mi
trng trong mt sinh vt ring bit c th
tn ti.
ecosphere [4737] : quyn sinh thi.
Nhng phn ca v tr thun li cho s tn
ti ca sinh vt sng, nht l sinh quyn.
ecostratigraphic unit [4738] : phn v a tng
sinh thi.
Phn v a tng c xy dng cn c vo
ngun gc hoc mi trng trm tch ca h
tng. V d nh i bin, i nc mn hoc i
trm tch bng h. Phn ln thut ng phn v
a tng sinh thi l khng chnh thc. n:
ecozone.
ecostratigraphy [4739] : a tng sinh thi.
1- Thut ng dnh cho a tng hc da vo
sinh thi ca cc dng sinh vt; s phn b a
tng ca cc phc h ng vt hoc thc vt ca
vng hay khu vc c gi tr sinh thi.
2- Thut ng c s dng khi nghin cu v
phn loi cc phn tng theo hnh thi ngun
gc hoc mi trng trm tch.
ecosystem [4740] : h sinh thi.
Mt h thng cc qun th sinh vt sng
chung v pht trin trong mt mi trng nht
nh, c quan h tng tc vi nhau v vi mi
trng . V d cc qun th ng vt v thc
vt chung sng trong mi trng rng ngp mn
to nn h sinh thi rng ngp mn vi nhng
c trng khc vi nhng h sinh thi khc.
ecotone [4741] : i chuyn tip sinh thi.
Mt i chuyn tip tn ti gia hai qun x
sinh thi. Cc thnh phn ca hai qun x ny
c th cnh tranh bn trong i, do a n
mt s phong ph gi to gi l hiu ng ra.
n: tension zone.
ecotope [4742] : sinh cnh, cnh sinh thi.
Ni sinh sng ca mt sinh vt ring bit.
ecotopic [4743] : thch nghi sinh cnh.
C khuynh hng thch nghi vi cc hon
cnh ring ca mt sinh cnh.
ecotype [4744] : dng sinh thi.
Bin d sinh thi ca mt loi thch nghi
vi cc hon cnh mi trng a phng.
ecozone [4745] : i sinh thi.
1- X: ecostratigraphic unit.
2- i sinh thi, nhng phn v a tng c
ranh gii phn trn v di r rng do s thay
i nghch o ca ng vt khng cng tui.
S thay i h ng vt ny lun gy ra s thay
i lu di ca ai tng.
ectexine [4746] : ectexin.
Mt lp ca exine.
ectexis [4747] : ectexis.
Migmatit ha vi s thnh to ti ch (in
situ) ca phn linh ng.
ectexite [4748] : ectexit.
c thnh to bi qu trnh ectexis. t
s dng.
ectinite [4749] : ectinit.
c thnh to nh l kt qu ca qu
trnh bin cht khu vc v c bn l ng ha,
c ngha l bin cht trao i km theo khng
ng k. t s dng.
ectocyst [4750] : lp bao ngoi.
Lp cuticul bao ngoi vch thn ca Ru
ng vt c hay khng c s vi ha kt hp.
ectoderm [4751] : ngoi b, biu b. Deleted: .
Lp thn ngoi ca sinh vt, v d lp ngoi
ca a nn v a ming, ca xc tu v thnh
ct polyp san h. i vi ng vt c xng
sng thut ng ny ch dng cho m phi.
ectoderre [4752] : lp bao chnh.
Lp chnh ca bao ngoi ng vt
v chitin.
ectoexine [4753] : Lp chnh ca bao ngoi
ng vt v chitin.
X: ektexine. Formatted
ectooecium [4754] : np gp ca vch ngoi. Deleted: Mt lp ca exine.
Phn ngoi thng vi ha ca np gp vch
thn to nn trng Ru ng vt Ming mi
(Cheilostomata).
ectophragm [4755] : mng honh ngoi.
Mng mng nm gia cc u cui ca mu
chi trn nang ca Trng hai lng roi (Dino-
flagellata).
ectoproct [4756]: Hu mn ngoi (Ectoprocta).
Ru ng vt thuc mt phn ngnh c
trng bi mt th lc trn hay hnh mng nga Deleted: :
bao quanh mm, nhng khng c hu mn.
Tui: Ordovic (c th ti Cambri mun) n Deleted: :
ngy nay. Deleted: d
ectosiphuncle [4757] : vch ngoi siphon.
Deleted: .
Vch siphon mt s Chn u, thng gm
cc c vch ngn v nhng vng lin kt.
ectosolenian [4758] : c c ng ngoi.
Ni v mt Trng l (v d Lagena) c c
ngoi hnh ng.
ectosome [4759] : lp v ngoi, th o ngoi.
Vng chu vi ca mt Bt bin bn di mt
ht nc v khng c cc phng lng roi; phn
v ca mt Bt bin.
ectyonine [4760] : c khung xng bng gai
n trc.
Khung xng Bt bin cu thnh bi cc si
199
gai gm cc gai n trc c li xng v mc
tia.
edaphon [4761] : h sinh vt th nhng.
Ton b ng vt v thc vt sng trong t.
eddy [4762] : xoy.
Chuyn ng quay xut hin trong dng chy
ca cht lng hay kh. n: vortex.
Edenian [4763] : Eden.
Bc Bc M. Ordovic thng (nm trn
Mohawki, nm di Maysvilli).
edenite [4764] : edenit.
1- Loi hornblend khng mu cha st.
2- Khong vt v tr cui ca amphibol: Na
Ca2 Mg5 Al Si7 O22 (OH)2.
edentulous [4765] : khng rng.
Nhng Thn mm hai mnh khng c rng
bn l.
edge lease [4766] : hp ng nhng a khu
ra m.
edge water [4767] : nc ven ra.
Nc bao quanh ra ca mt khi du
hoc kh.
edgewise conglomerate [4768] : cui kt
edgewis.
Loi cui kt mang cu to edgewise thng
l cui vi c dng ko di theo phng ct
ngang lp.
edgewise structure [4769] : cu to edgewis.
Kiu cu to trm tch nguyn sinh c trng
bi s sp xp ca cc thnh phn vn dng a,
tm,... vi trc di c hng dc khc nhau so
vi mt phn lp. Nguyn nhn c th do tc
ng ca nc chy hoc s trt l xy ra qu
sm sau khi lng ng.
edingtonite [4770] : edingtonit.
Khong vt zeolit mu trng hoc trng-xm
nht: BaAl2Si3O10.4H2O.
edolite [4771] : edolit.
Mt kiu sng gm ch yu feldspar v
mica. Cng c nhng bin th c cha cordierit
(ariolite) hoc andalusit (astite). Tn bt
ngun t a danh Edolo vng ni Alps thuc .
edrioasteroid [4772] : Sao bin c nh
(Edrioasteroidea).
ng vt dng Sao bin c nh, c nhiu
phin thuc mt lp c h chn mt gia phin
vch nm cnh rt pht trin. Tui: Cambri sm
n Carbon sm.
Eemian [4773] : Eem.
Bc bo t phn v a tng kh hu Bc
u. Pleistocen thng (nm trn Saali, nm di
Weichseli).
effect [4774] : hiu ng, hiu qu, tc ng.
effect of gas pressure during blasting [4775]:
tc ng ca p sut kh trong n mn.
effect of moisture [4776] : tc ng, nh
hng ca m, hm lng nc.
effective [4777] : c hiu lc, c hiu qu.
effective burden (in blasting) [4778] : lp ph
hu hiu (trong n mn).
effective diameter [4779] : ng knh hu Formatted
hiu.
ng knh ca cc ht t tng ng vi gi
tr 10% ht mn hn trn ng cong phn b
ht.
effective drainage porosity [4780] : rng Deleted: a
thot nc hu hiu. Deleted: b
n: effective porosity.
effective force [4781] : lc hiu dng, lc hu
hiu.
Lc c truyn dn nh kin trc ht ca
mt khi t chu ng sut.
effective grain size [4782] : kch thc ht hu
hiu, ng knh ht hu hiu.
effective normal stress [4783] : ng sut Deleted: ven
vung gc hu hiu.
ng sut hu hiu theo phng thng ng
tc dng ln mng. Deleted: cu to dng cui
effective particle size [4784] : c ht hu hiu. Deleted: dng cui
effective pay [4785] : tin lng thc t. Formatted
effective permeability [4786] : thm hu
Formatted
hiu.
Kh nng ca t cho mt cht lng hay Deleted: cu to dng cui
kh (hoc hn hp kh-cht lng) thm qua khi Deleted: chuyn dch cht lng v kh
cc l hng cha sn (cha bo ha) mt cht Deleted: mt loi
lng hay kh khc, v d du ha hoc nc.
Deleted: khi c mt
Ss: absolute permeability.
effective pore volume [4787] : th tch l rng Deleted: hoc
hu hiu. Deleted: khc
Khong trng trong t cho php nc c
th t do lu thng, tr khong trng b khng
kh v nc mng mng chim ch.
effective porosity [4788] : rng hu hiu.
T s gia th tch ca cc l hng h (tc l
cc l hng thng thng vi nhau, c kh nng
cho nc lu thng) vi th tch chung ca t
, c biu th bng %. Ss: porosity, Deleted: ng ngha: effective
continuous porosity. drainage porosity.
n: effective drainage porosity.
effective pressure [4789] : p lc hu hiu.
X: effective stress. Deleted: E
effective spacing (in blasting) [4790] : dn Formatted
cch hu hiu (trong n mn).
Deleted: :
effective stress [4791] : ng sut hu hiu.
ng sut ny c coi l hu hiu v n c
kh nng huy ng lc ni ma st. Trong t
bo ha v trng thi cn bng, ng sut hu
hiu bng ng sut tng tr i ng sut trung
200
ha ca cht lng (thng l nc) trong cc l
rng ca vt liu (thng c gi l p lc l
rng hoc p lc nc l rng). Khi nim ng
sut hu hiu c Terzaghi K. nu ra ln u
tin nm 1936 dng "nh lut ng sut hu
hiu", lm c s cho vic tm hiu cc c tnh,
hnh vi k thut ca t. N t cc i khi t
b nn cht ngay trc khi b ph hy.
n: effective pressure.
effective velocity [4792] : vn tc hu hiu.
Vn tc thc t khi thm qua mi trng
cha nc.
efficiency [4793] : hiu qu, hiu sut,
nng sut.
efficient estimate [4794] : c lng c
hiu qu.
Cng mt tham s a, c th c nhiu c
lng khng chch v vng khc nhau. c
lng c phng sai cc tiu trong s cc c
lng ny, gi l c lng c hiu qu c
lng, c tnh cht tng t khi khi lng tp
mu chn tng ln v hn gi l c lng tim
cn hiu qu. Trung bnh mu v phng sai
mu u l nhng c lng c hiu qu ca k
vng ton v phng sai tng ng. Trong thc
t a cht, ty theo hon cnh tnh c lng
m ch n tnh hiu qu ca c lng.
effluent [4795] : phn lu, dng chy ra.
1- Dng chy hnh thnh do s phn nhnh
ca mt con sng (sui) ln hn hay t h
thot ra.
2- Dng cht lng hay nc thi chy ra t
b cha.
effluent seepage [4796] : thm r.
Nc di t l phn tn trn mt t theo
mt din rng khng to thnh dng chy
tp trung.
effusion [4797] : phun tro.
S phun tro ca dung nham tng i lng
ln b mt Tri t; cng nh c elapsed time [4813] : thi gian tri qua, thi
thnh to.
eggletonite [4798] : egletonit.
Khong vt: (Na,K,Ca)2(Mn,Zn,Mg,Fe,Al)8
(Si,Al)12(O,OH)32 cha Na tng t vi
ganophyllit.
eggstone [4799] : trng c.
n: oolite.
eglestonite [4800] : eglestonit.
Khong vt ng thc mu vng-nu nht:
Hg96 Cl48 O32.
egueiite [4801] : egueiit.
Vt liu mu nu pht vng trong ct kt ht
nh cha st, c thnh phn l phosphat ngm
nc, st ho tr ba v mt lng nh calci
v nhm.
ehrwaldite [4802] : ehrwaldit.
Loi augitit c cha c orthopyroxen v
clinopyroxen (pyroxen thoi v pyroxen xin).
Eifelian [4803] : Eifel.
Bc do Dumont (1848) xc lp theo tn thnh Deleted: Chu u
ph Eifel Ty Ban Nha, bc ca thi a tng
quc t, Devon trung (nm trn Ems, nm Deleted: .
di Givet).
eifelite [4804] : eifelit.
Khong vt ca nhm milarit: (Na, K) (Mg,
Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, Al, Ti)4.43 (Si, Al)12 O30.
einbolite [4805] : einbolit.
Khong vt ng thc mu vng-xanh l
cy : Ag (Cl, Br), c thnh phn trung gian gia
clorargyrit v bremargyrit.
eitelite [4806] : eitelit.
Khong vt h su phng: Na2 Mg (CO3)2.
ejecta [4807] : vt liu phun n.
Vt liu vn do ni la phun n ra.
n: ejectamenta, pyroclastics.
ekanite [4808] : ekanit.
Khong vt mu xanh :
(Th,U)(Ca,Fe,Pb)2Si8O20.
ekaterinite [4809] : ekaterinit.
Khong vt: Ca2 B4 O7 (Cl, OH)2.2H2O.
ekerite [4810] : ekerit.
Syenit hoc syenit thch anh c cha
arfvedsonit nh l thnh phn ch yu cng vi
acmit, micropertit, microclin natri v mt lng
nh thch anh. Tn gi ny do Brgger a ra
nm 1906, bt ngun t a danh eker thuc
min oslo, Na uy. t c s dng.
eksedofacies [4811] : tng phong ha. Deleted: chy
Tng v mi trng phong ho.
ektexine [4812] : ektexin. Deleted: e
Mt lp ca exin bo t phn hoa c t Deleted: e
im mt ngoi.
gian th nghim.
Thng c nhc n trong cc th nghim,
tnh t thi im bt u th nghim.
Elasmobranchii [4814] : C mang phin.
Mt phn lp ca lp C sn, c trng bi
s treo hm kiu khp mng-hm hay kiu khp Deleted: .
mng vung v c nhiu rng. Nu ci bin
nghin th cc rng khng b tiu gim thnh
mt s t phin nh Bradydonti v
Holocephali. Gm c mp, c ui.
elastic brittle rock mass [4815] : khi cng
rn, n hi.
elastic constant [4816] : hng s n hi.
Mt trong nhng h s xc nh tnh cht n
hi ca vt cht, nh hng s Lame, hng s
201
Poisson hoc h s n hi (moduli of
elasticity).
elastic constants for a rock mass [4817] : cc
hng s n hi ca khi .
elastic deformation [4818] : bin dng n
hi.
Bin dng xy ra tc thi ngay khi cht ti v
tc thi trit tiu khi d ti. Bin dng n hi l
bin dng ngc vi loi t bin.
elastic limit [4819] : gii hn n hi.
ng sut ln nht c th pht trin trong mt
vt th m khng li bin dng lu di sau
khi vt th c gii phng khi trng thi ng
sut . c xc nh nh l im trn ng quan trc chy in.
cong ng sut-bin dng phn cch hai trng
thi n hi v khng n hi.
elastic medium [4820] : mi trng n hi.
elastic models of explosive-rock interaction
[4821] : m hnh n hi tng tc cht n-.
elastic modulus [4822] : h s, modul n hi.
elastic reserves [4823] : tr lng n hi.
Lng nc di t c th khai thc c t
tng cha nc c p khi h thp ct p lc trn
mi do tnh n hi ca nc. X: static reserves.
elastic state [4824] : trng thi n hi.
elastic strain [4825] : bin dng n hi.
S bin dng c hi phc hon ton v
ngay lp tc khi d ti.
elastic wave [4826] : sng n hi.
Mt loi sng a chn.
elasticity [4827] : n hi, n hi.
Tnh cht ca vt liu tr li hnh dng ban
u sau khi khng cn lc tc dng.
elbaite [4828] : elbait.
Khong vt nhm turmalin:
Na(Li,Al)3Al6 (BO3)3(SiO3)6(OH)4.
Elbe [4829] : Elbe.
Thut ng s dng Bc u ch giai on
bng h u tin ca Pleistocen.
elbow twin [4830] : song tinh khuu tay.
X: geniculate twin.
eldrin [4831] : eldrin.
Thuc tr su organoclorin, bn lu, rt c
i vi ng vt c xng sng. B cm s dng
Vit Nam.
electric blasting [4832] : n mn bng in.
electric log [4833] : carota in.
Cc phng php carota in bao gm in
trng t nhin, in tr, in cm ng.
electrical conductivity [4834] : dn in.
1- (vl) S o dng in chy trong vt cht
di nh hng ca trng in. N nghch o
vi in tr v s o l Omh trn mt.
2- (cthv) Tnh cht ca nc c kh nng
cho dng in chy qua. dn in ph thuc Deleted: n
vo nng cc mui ha tan v nhit ca
nc. Da vo dn in c th d on
khong ha ca nc ( khong ha cng cao,
dn in cng ln).
electrical method [4835] : phng php thm
d in.
Mt phng php a vt l thm d da trn
tnh cht in hoc in ha ca . Cc phng
php in ch yu gm: phng php in tr,
phng php in trng t nhin, phn cc
kch thch, cc phng php cm ng in t.
electrical monitoring device [4836] : thit b
electrical resistance strain gauges [4837] :
bin dng k in tr.
Dng c o bin dng in tr, tc o bin
dng ca vt th trn c s bin i in tr.
electrical resistivity [4838] : in tr.
tr khng ca vt cht tnh cho mt n
v di trn mt tit din nht nh.
electrical resistivity sounding [4839] : o su
in.
Mt phng php xc nh su ca mt Formatted
mt no trong mt ct a cht bng h thit
b o su in.
electrical twinning [4840] : song tinh in.
Song tinh trong thch anh, ph hp vi lut
song tinh Dauphin.
electrically indicating piezometers [4841] :
ng o p lc nc chy in.
electro osmosis [4842] : gia c nn t bng
phng php in-thm.
Gia c nn t bng phng php in-thm,
Nc dch chuyn v thot ra khi t di tc Deleted: c
dng ca dng in.
electrode array [4843] : h in cc. Deleted: thit b
Dng cu hnh ca cc in cc trn hoc Deleted: r
di mt t trong cc phng php thm d
Deleted: mt t
in.
electrodeless discharge [4844] : phng in
khng in cc.
Pht sng in t vt cht np nng lng
bng dng cm ng.
electrofiltration potential [4845] : in th
thm lc.
in th thm lc c to ra bi s vn
ng ca dung dch qua cc l hng ca v
qung.
electrolysis [4846] : in phn.
Phng php s dng dng in i qua dung
dch to kt ta cc cc in.
electromagnetic method [4847] : phng php
in t.
202
 Mt phng php thm d in da trn c
s o trng t bin i c lin quan vi dng
in nhn to hoc dng in t nhin di
mt t. Nu dng in ny l dng cm ng to
thnh bi trng t s cp bin i th gi l
phng php cm ng in t, cn ngc li,
nu dng in o c l dng dn vo trong
t bng cc in cc th phng php bin i
l phng php in t.
electron diffraction analysis [4848] : phn
tch nhiu x in t.
electron microscope [4849] : knh hin vi
in t.
Thit b quang hc-in t, chm in t iu
chnh tiu im ca nhng lng knh in t hoc
in t, hnh nh ca vt th nh b c phng
i ln trn mn hunh quang. Do bc sng rt
ngn ca in t nn knh hin vi in t c kh
nng phn tch cu trc tinh t nht, v c kh
nng phng i vt phn tch ln 100.000 ln.
electron microscopy [4850] : phng php
phn tch hin vi in t.
Xc nh v nhn bit cu trc ca vt th
bng cch s dng knh hin vi in t.
element concentration [4851] : tp trung
nguyn t.
Trong qu trnh a cht ni sinh, s tp
trung nguyn t n mt mc no c th hnh
thnh cc thn qung trong mi trng a cht
thun li v km theo l i nng cao hm lng
nguyn t xung quanh cc thn qung .
element dispersion [4852] : phn tn
nguyn t.
X: element concentration.
element migration [4853] : di chuyn
nguyn t.
Cc nguyn t trong v Qu t nm trong
trng thi cn bng ng. Tuy nhin chng lun
lun b thay i dng tn ti v di chuyn t h
ny sang h khc di tc ng ca cc yu t
di chuyn ni lc v ngoi lc.
elemental concentration botany [4854] : thc
vt tp trung nguyn t.
Trong t nhin, c th gp loi thc vt cha
nhiu nguyn t no nh: Li, B, Ca, Al,...
c la chn cho ly mu nghin cu sinh
a ha.
elements of symmetry [4855] : yu t
i xng.
X: symmetry elements.
eleolite [4856] : eleolit.
Khong vt dng khi, nh m mu xm
nht, xanh sng hoc nu, nu nht, c th s
dng lm trang sc, trang tr. n: nepheline.
eleolite syenite [4857] : syenit nephelin.
L bin th ht th c cha eleolit.
n: syenite nepheline.
Eleutherozoan [4858] : Da gai t do
(Eleutherozoa).
ng vt Da gai sng khng bm c nh Deleted:
vo y.
elevation [4859] : chiu cao, cao , cao trnh. Deleted: .
1- Thut ng chung ch c im a hnh Deleted: a)
ca bt k hnh dng no cao hn t lin k
hoc y i dng bao quanh; v tr hoc im
c nng cao. Deleted: .
2- di thng ng t im mc (thng l Deleted: b)
mc nc bin trung bnh) n mt im hay
Deleted: .
vt th trn mt.
elevation relief ratio [4860] : t l cao
a hnh. Deleted: .
T l (hay h s) cao a hnh c tnh
theo cng thc sau: ( cao trung bnh- cao
nh nht)/( cao ln nht- cao nh nht).
elision [4861] : bo mn.
Thi im gin on trm tch do vt liu b
bo mn v ti lng ng cc vng trng
k cn.
elkhornite [4862] : elkhornit.
Syenit augit cha labradorit su va.
Thut ng ch cc ly t Elkhorn vng
Montana. t c s dng.
ellestadite [4863] : elestadit.
Khong vt nhm apatit:
Ca5 (SiO4, PO4, SO4)3 (OH, Cl. F).
ellipsoid [4864] : elipsoid. Deleted: x
Mt bc hai c phng trnh chnh tc trong
x2 y2 z2
h ta Descartes + + =1.
a2 b2 c2
ellipsoid of stress [4865] : elipsoid ng sut.
Elipsoid biu din trng thi ng sut ti mt
im trong mt vt rn. Bn trc l cc vect
biu din cc ng sut chnh ti im v mt
bn knh vect bt k biu din ng sut tng
hp trn mt mt phng nht nh i qua dim
. Khi mt trong cc ng sut chnh bng
khng th ta c trng hp ng sut phng, khi
mt elipsoid tr thnh mt elip.
ellipsoidal lava [4866] : dung nham cu gi.
Tn gi chung cho dng dung nham vi dng
elipsoid, c ngha l dung nham cu gi v phn
y ca dng dung nham.
elliptical coordinates [4867] : h ta elip.
elliptical excavation [4868] : khai o (hm,
h o) dng elip.
ellipticone [4869] : v cun bu dc.
V cun Chn u c vng cui cng cun
bnh bu dc, hoc mt i tnh u n ca s
cun trn cc vng trong.
203
 elpasolite [4870] : elpasolit.
Khong vt ng thc, khng mu :
K2 Na Al F6.
elphidiid [4871] : Elphidiidae.
Trng l thuc mt h c mt h knh ng
khu m thnh cc hng l khu. Tui: Paleocen
n ngy nay.
elpidite [4872] : elpidit.
Khong vt mu trng n gch :
Na2 Zr Si6 O15 .3H2O.
Elsterian [4873] : Elster.
Bc bo t phn v a tng kh hu Bc
u. Pleistocen trung (nm trn Cromeri, nm
di Holstein). Tng ng thi gian vi bng
h Mindel.
Eltonian [4874] : Elton.
Bc chu u. Silur thng (nm trn
Wenlock, nm di Bringewood).
eluvial [4875] : eluvi.
cp ti hoc c cha vt liu eluvi c
tch t do gi.
eluviation [4876] : qu trnh to tn tch,
to st.
S vn chuyn vt liu ha tan hoc vn c
hc trong t t tng A xung tng B do thm
thu nc b mt. Thut ng hay dng khng
loi tr i vi dung dch keo, trong khi s
ra la m ch s vn chuyn ton b vt liu
ha tan.
eluvium [4877] : eluvi, tn tch.
1- t hoc ct ht mn do gi vn chuyn v
lm tch t, nh mt n ct.
2- S tch t cc mnh vn ti ch do ph
hy cc ; sn phm phong ha; tn tch.
elvan [4878]:porphyr thch anh, porphyr granit.
Tn gi bt ngun t ting Celtic c ngha l
" trng" ch cc su va c thnh phn
nh granit, c bit l porphyr thch anh.
Turmalin, fluorit v topaz c th c mt di
dng cc khong vt ph. t c s dng.
n: elvanite.
elyite [4879] : elyit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
Pb4 Cu (SO4) (OH)8.
e-mail [4880] : th in t.
S dng mng my tnh pht v thu cc
thng bo. c lin kt bi cc ghp ni d
liu tc cao vt qua cc bin gii quc gia,
th in t cho php bn tho cc thng bo v
gi chng, ch trong vi giy, n nhiu ngi
nhn bt k mt a im no trn th gii.
embankment [4881] : , p, b; p ,
p p.
1- Doi ct, bi ct chn hay mi ct c bi
p pha ngoi b bin do tc dng ca sng hay
dng gn b. n: bank.
2- , nn ng, bao, quai,... c
xy dng nn bng cch p t hay , gi tt
l .
embankment fill [4882] : t p. Deleted: :
t hay dng p , gi tt l t p.
embayment [4883] : li lm, gm mn, vnh.
1- S thm nhp ca vt cht nn vi tinh th Deleted: a
vo trong cc ban tinh, lm cho cc ranh gii t
hnh "bnh thng" ca chng b ph hy.
2- S gm mn khng trt t hoc s bin i Deleted: b
ranh gii cnh ca cc tinh th bi magma m t
n c kt tinh hoc trong chng xut
hin nh l cc bao th ngoi lai, c bit l s
gm mn su vo cc cnh ca ban tinh.
3- S thm nhp ca mt tinh th bi tinh th Deleted: c
khc t hnh hn. Nh vy tinh th c gi l
"tinh th b gm mn".
4- S thnh to vnh, vng dc b bin.
5- Min vng, min trng.
embedded [4884] : bao bc.
B trm tch ph hoc bao cha trong phn Deleted: .
nn, v d nh si b bao cha trong bt.
embolite [4885] : embolit.
Khong vt ng thc mu vng, xanh l
cy: Ag (Cl, Br), c thnh phn trung gian gia
clorargyrit v bromargyrit.
embouchure [4886] : ca sng.
Ca sng (hay ming sng), mt phn ca
sng tin su ra bin, i dng.
embrechite [4887] : embrechit.
Migmatit trong mt s thnh phn cu
trc ca cc tn ti trc c gi li,
migmatit vi cu to phn lp song song c
bo tn, thng bao gm cc ban bin tinh
feldspar hoc cc lp v thu knh granit. t
c s dng.
embreyite [4888] : embreyit.
Khong vt h n nghing : Deleted: ng ngha: elvanite.
Pb5 (CrO4)2 (PO4)2.H2O.
embryonic [4889] : phi.
Giai on trng thnh sm nht trong i
sng mt ng vt.
embryonic apparatus [4890] : b phng phi.
Nhm cc phng trung tm mt s v
Trng l i cu, ln hn v kch thc v khc
v hnh th cng nh xp sp so vi cc phng
khc. n: nucleoconch. Formatted
embryonic volcano [4891] : ni la phi thai.
ng n ni la dng dm kt lp y khng
th hin trn b mt Tri t v c quan nim
nh l sn phm ca qu trnh phun n ngm.
Nhng v d ca cc ni la tui Permi Deleted: 1.
204
Scotland.
Embryophyta [4892] : thc vt c phi.
Gm tt c thc vt c ht, Dng x
(Pteridophyta) v Ru (Bryophyta).
embryophytic [4893] : thc vt c phi.
Cc dng thuc phn gii thc vt c phi
(Embryophyta).
emeleucite [4894] : emeleucit.
Khong vt lin quan vi nhm milarit :
Li2 Na4 Fe2+3 Si12 O30.
emerald [4895] : emerald, emrt.
1- Loi beryl mu xanh ng nh, mu xanh
c (cn gi l emerald) l qu c gi tr. Mu
xanh l do c crom hoc vanadi trong beryl.
n: smaragd.
2- Mt s dng qu c mu xanh nh
"Brazilian emerald" (tourmalin) v "uralian
emerald" (demontoit).
3- qu v khong vt mu xanh nh
"emerald Jade" (Jadeit), "emerald spodumen"
(hienit) v "emerald malachit" (dioptas).
emerald copper [4896] : ng emerald.
X: dioptase.
emergence [4897] : nng lc a, ni chy ra,
mu.
1- S thay i mc nc bin hay mt t do
lc a c nng ln hay h xung.
2- V tr m ti sui ngm nay xut hin
trn b mt, tr thnh sng (b mt) sui l.
n: resurgene rise.
3-(cs) Mu li ca cc m v v m biu b
thc vt khng c s cung cp dinh dng.
emergent [4898] : nh ln.
Cc thc vt nh trn cht nn, chng hn,
mt thc vt thy sinh nh trn mt nc.
emergent aquatic plant [4899] : thc vt thy
sinh mc nh cao.
Cy c r mc ni nc nng vi mt phn
thn v l nh trn mt nc, chng hn cy c
nn (Typha latifolia), c l bc (sirpus tube-
rosus).
emery rock [4900] : mi, lm bt mu.
dng ht bao gm ch yu hn hp khng
tinh khit ca corindon, magnetit v spinel.
Dng ny c th c thnh to bi s phn
t magma hoc bi qu trnh bin cht ca cc
trm tch cao nhm. n: emery, corundolite.
emigrant [4901] : loi di c.
V sinh thi hc, l mt ng vt hay thc
vt di chuyn ni c tr.
Emission credit [4902] : tn dng pht thi kh.
Theo Ngh nh th Kyoto, hn ch s
pht thi kh nh knh, hng nm mi nc ch
c php x vo kh quyn mt lng kh thi
CO2 nht nh. Nu mt nc khng s dng ht
hn ngch c phn phi th c quyn chuyn
nhng phn cn tha cho nc khc nh mt
khon tn dng.
Thng th cc nc ang pht trin do trnh
sn xut cng nghip cn thp, lng kh thi
CO2 cha nhiu, thp hn hn ngch quy nh
nn c th bn bt tiu chun cho cc nc pht
trin c lng kh thi vt qu mc ly vn
u t pht trin cc ngun nng lng sch.
emmonsite [4903] : emmonsit.
Khong vt mu xanh-vng : Deleted: a
Fe2 Te3 O9. 2H2O. n: durdenite.
empirical prediction of subsidence due to
longwall mining [4904] : .
D on theo kinh nghim (thc nghim) v Deleted: b
ln do khai thc l dc.
empirical strength criteria [4905] : tiu chun
sc bn thc nghim. Deleted: c
emplacement [4906] : a im.
1- Thut ng ch qu trnh thnh to xm
nhp.
2- V tr thnh to cc khong vt qung, v
d : ore emplacement (im qung).
emplectite [4907] : emplectit.
Khong vt h thoi mu xm nht hoc Deleted: .
trng: CuBiS2, lng hnh vi cupbrobismutit.
empressite [4908] : empresit. Deleted: .
Khong vt mu ng nht: AgTe.
Emsian [4909] : Ems.
Bc do Dorlodot (1900) xc lp theo a danh
Ems nc Php, l bc ca thi a tng quc t, Deleted: Chu u.
Devon h (nm trn Praga, nm di Eifel). Deleted: Siegen
emulsion stage [4910] : giai on nh tng.
L mt giai on trong qu trnh kt tinh ca
mt s magma c s tp trung qu bo ha ca
nc v nh vy mt pha mi giu nc xut
hin to nn nhng git kh v dung dch.
emulsion texture [4911] : cu to nh tng,
cu to emulsi.
L cu to ca qung. Nhng bt kh rt nh
hoc nhng bao th kh trn ca mt khong vt
phn b khng u trong mt khong vt khc.
enalit [4912] : enalit.
Mt bin th ca thorit cha urani.
enantiomorphous [4913] : i hnh.
enargite [4914] : enargit.
Khong vt h thoi mu en-xm nht hoc
mu en st: Cu3AsS4, ng hnh vi famatinit
v lng hnh vi luzonit. Enargit l khong vt Deleted: c.
qung quan trng ca ng, c dng tinh th
nh hoc khi ht trong mch qung v thng
cha antimon (trn 6%) v thnh thong cha st
v km.
205
 enclosed lake [4915] : h khng c dng
chy thot.
X: blind lake; endoheic lake.
encrinal limestone [4916] : vi Hu bin.
Loi vi c cha trn 10% cc mnh vn
Crinoid, nhng di 50% khi lng .
encrinital [4917] : mnh Hu bin.
cp v mt loi carbonat hoc trm
tch cha cc mnh vn Crinoid. n: encrinic;
encrinal; encrinoid; encrinitic.
encrinite [4918] : vi vn Hu bin, ha
thch Hu bin.
1- Loi vi c cha trn 50% th tch l
cc mnh vn Crinoid.
2- Thng c dng cho Hu bin ha
thch, nht l thuc ging Encrinurus.
n: crinoid.
encroachment [4919] : ln (t).
L tp hp nm ngang ca ng b, bin
tin. X: aggradation.
end bearing pile [4920] : cc chng, cc chu
ti bng mi.
Cc chu lc (sc chu ti ca cc ch yu l
thnh phn mi cc, sc chu ti do ma st bn
khng ng k) c t trn mt lp chu ti
trng (nh , ct cht,...).
end effect [4921] : hiu ng ma st u mu.
Hiu ng (nh hng, tc ng) hai u mu.
Thng gp trong th nghim nn mu t ,
khi hai u ca mu c phn ng, hnh vi khc
i so vi phn gia, do lc ma st gia mu vi
hai tht truyn ti, cn tr bin dng ca hai u
mu, nh hng n kt qu th nghim. c
c kt qu th nghim tin cy, phi tm cch
gim hiu ng ma st u mu. Cc nghin cu
cho thy chiu di mu phi t khong 2 ln
ng knh ca n.
endellite [4922] : endelit.
Thut ng c cc nh a cht Hoa K s
dng ch loi khong vt st c cng thc
ho hc Al2Si2O5(OH)4.4H2O. l loi
haloysit ngm nhiu nc hn v tng ng
vi thut ng halloysit m cc nh a cht chu
u s dng. n: hydrated halloysite;
hydrohalloysite; hydrokaolin.
endemic crestinisme [4923] : chng n n
a phng.
Mt chng bnh a phng do mi trng
sng (thc n, nc ung,...) thiu iod. Bnh th
hin ngi ngay t lc s sinh vi cc triu
chng: tr tu km pht trin, ng ngn, "d
ngi", v.v. Ngi bnh thng c thn hnh
pht trin khng cn i (ln thp), c ch hnh
ng khng bnh thng, ni ngng, c khi
cm ic,...
endemic disease [4924] : bnh a phng.
Nhng bnh xy ra c tnh cc b trong mt Formatted
s a phng nht nh do mi trng sng nh Formatted
bnh bu c, n n,... do mi trng thiu
Deleted: .
iod; bnh sn rng (dental caries), long xng
(osteoporosis) do thiu fluor, calci; bnh nhim Deleted: i
c arsen (arsenic poisoning hay arsenicosis) do
tha arsen trong mi trng, v.v.
endemic goitre [4925] : bnh bu c a
phng.
Mt chng bnh a phng do mi trng
sng (thc n, nc ung,...) thiu iod. Bnh
biu hin tuyn gip phnh to vi kch thc Deleted: trong
khc nhau (t nh c qu trng n to bng
qu bng).
enderbite [4926] : enderbit.
Dng giu plagioclas ca dy (series)
charnokit bao gm thch anh, plagioclas
(thng l antiperthid), hypersten v mt lng
nh magnetit. Nhiu h thng phn loi i hi
rng thch anh phi chim 10-65% cu phn
felsic v t l ca feldspar kim so vi tng
feldspar phi ln hn 87,5%. Tn gi ny ch
cc vng t Enderby Land chu Nam
Cc.
endexine [4927] : endexin. Deleted: d
Lp trong cng ca exin. Deleted: e
endocochleate [4928] : c v trong.
Deleted: e
Ni v cc Chn u c v v cc phn cng
khc nm bn trong thn mm, i khi c
phn ra thnh mt nhm gi l Endocochleata.
endocochlian [4929] : v trong. Deleted: ng ngha ca coleoid (V
X: coleoid. trong)
endocoel [4930] : th khoang trong. Formatted
Khoang v do mng vch trong to thnh
nang ca Trng hai lng roi.
endocone [4931] : mu nn trong. Deleted: .
Cc cht lng ng ng tm hnh nn, hoc
cc cu trc hnh thnh bn trong pha sau hay
bn trong phn gn nh v ca siphon mt s
v cun ca Chn u (v d Endoceras). nh
ca cc nn ny cha v pha nh v.
endocyclic [4932] : vnh trong.
C vnh hu mn trong vng khin nh. Ni
v Cu gai u n c vnh hu mn nm bn
trong vng khin nh.
endocyst [4933] : mng trong .
Lp mng mm ca vch thn Ru ng vt
lt bn trong c th v bao ly thn cc th to
ra lp mng ngoi.
endoderm [4934] : ni b, l phi trong. Deleted: .
Lp thn bn trong ca mt sinh vt, v d
lp trong ca cc vch thn ngoi polyp san
206
h, tn ti nh mt l phi kp trong mng tia.
endoderre [4935] : lp vch trong.
Vch ca th trong c ng vt v chitin
(Chitinozoa), i khi c coi l lp th ba
ca vch.
endogastric [4936] : c bng v trong, c bng
v lch sau.
V Chn u khi cong li hoc cun li th
bng v nm hay gn cnh trong hoc mt li
ca vng cun; V Chn bng khi cun li th
c hng lch v pha sau ca ming.
endogene effect [4937] : hiu ng ni sinh.
Hiu ng bin cht tip xc ca cc xm
nhp magma ti phn ra ca chnh th xm
nhp .
endogenous dome [4938] : vm ni sinh.
Vm ni la c pht trin ch yu do s
gin n t bn trong v c c trng bi s
sp xp ng tm ca cc lp dng chy.
endoglyph [4939] : vt hn c hc.
Vt hn xut hin trong phm vi mt lp
trm tch c lp.
endoheic lake [4940] : h khng c dng chy
thot.
n: blind lake; enclosed lake.
endolithic [4941] : sinh vt.
Thuc sinh vt, thng l to v nm vi ti
sng trong cc rnh hay hang nh san h, cc
v Thn mm hoc m tiu. n: petricolous.
endolithic breccia [4942] : dm kt trong .
Loi dm kt c hnh thnh do cc lc tc
ng trong v Tri t, nh hot ng kin to,
s trng n, thy ho hoc st l.
endomorphism [4943] : bin cht ni sinh.
S thay i bn trong magma c gy ra
bi s ng ha tng phn hoc ton b ca cc
mnh vy quanh hoc do phn ng bi vy
quanh dc theo b mt tip xc. y l mt
dng ca bin cht tip xc vi s nhn mnh
rng cc bin cht xy ra bn trong cc th
magma him hn l trong cc vy quanh.
n: endometamorphism; endomorphism;
metamorphism.
endopelos [4944] : endopelos.
ng vt sng trong bn. Cc ng vt sng
trn b mt hay rc trong bn mm.
endophragm [4945] : khung xng trong.
Cu trc xng phc hp bn trong ca mt
V gip, hnh thnh bi s gn kt vi nhau ca
cc mu xng ngoi to nn mt khung cc
c bm vo. i vi Trng roi, l lp vch trong
ca nang bt. n: endophragmal skeleton.
endopinacoderm [4946] : biu b trong.
Lp t bo bao ly cc h thng ht vo v
thi ra Bt bin.
endopod [4947] : nhnh chn trong.
Nhnh gia hoc nhnh trong ca chi ng
vt V gip pht sinh t t chi gc.
endopsammon [4948] : ng vt sng
trong ct.
Cc ng vt sng trn b mt hay rc Deleted: .
trong ct.
endopuncta [4949] : l trong. Deleted: .
L v Tay cun khng m rng n mt
ngoi ca v c tc dng cha mt nhnh ct.
Cc l ny thng thy trn khp mt trong ca
v, nhng khng nhn thy mt ngoi nu lp
ngoi ca v cn nguyn vn.
endosiphotube [4950] : ng trong siphon. Deleted: .
Mt knh dn rt thanh nm gn tm ca
siphon mt s Chn u siphon rng, phn
cn li ca siphon lp y cc cht lng ng
hu c.
endosiphuncle [4951] : phn trong siphon.
Khoang bn trong vch ngoi siphon ca mt
s Chn u cha tt c cc m hu c cng cc
cu trc cht vi.
endoskeleton [4952] : b xng trong.
B xng bn trong thn mt ng vt c tc Formatted
dng l mt khung c th. Formatted
endosome [4953] : ni th.
Phn bn trong thn mt Bt bin, v d phn
nm bn trong lp v ca n. Do c s s dng
ln ln, thut ng ny c khuyn d l khng
nn dng.
endosternite [4954] : mnh xng trong.
Mt phn ca b xng trong ng vt
Chn khp, v d phin xng trong c gn
u ng vt V gip.
endostratic [4955] : phn tng ni sinh.
S hnh thnh lp do qu trnh lun phin
mt nc v ngp nc ngm trong trm tch st
hoc loi dm kt b phn thnh lp trong phm
vi mt tng ring bit.
endotheca [4956] : phn trong vch.
Cc m bt nm bn trong vch ca mt
san h su tia.
endotomous [4957] : chia nhnh bn trong.
c trng bi s phn nhnh i hai tay
chnh ca Hu bin lm cho chng chia thnh
hai nhnh t pha trong.
endozone [4958] : i trong, ni i.
i bn trong ca mt qun th Ru ng
vt, thng c trng bi cc thnh vch mng
thng ng, tha tng i ca cc cu trc
xng ni cc th, v s kt hp ca cc hng
tng trng c th theo gc nh vi cc hng
tng trng ca qun th. n: immature region. Deleted:
207
 endrumpf [4959] : cnh quan xm thc,
bc mn.
Thut ng s dng ch cnh quan cui
cng hoc ng bng nh l sn phm ca qu
trnh xm thc, bc mn b mt a hnh cao;
sn phm cui cng ca chu k h thp cao
bng cch tiu hao dn phn c nng cao.
en-echelon blasting patterns [4960] : kiu n
mn theo hng.
energy [4961] : nng lng.
energy balance [4962] : cn bng nng lng.
energy gradient [4963] : gradien nng lng.
energy index [4964] : ch s nng lng, ch s
ng nng.
1- Thut ng c s dng th hin
bn ca silicat. N cng tnh cht vi nhn t
lin kt tng thm s lng bi in tch m.
Thch anh c ch s nng lng cao nht (1,80).
2- khuy ng nc c on trong mt
mi trng lng ng trm tch. Vit tt: EI.
engineering geological mapping [4965] : o
v a cht cng trnh.
X: engineering geology.
engineering geology [4966] : a cht cng
trnh.
a cht hc ng dng trong cc cng tc
cng trnh, nht l trong khai thc hm m v
xy dng dn dng. y l vic ng dng nhng
s liu, k thut v nhng nguyn l a cht
hc vo vic nghin cu tnh cht t nhin ca
t hoc nc ngm nhm bo m rng
nhng yu t a cht c nh hng n v tr,
quy hoch, thit k, xy dng, vn hnh v bo
dng nhng cng trnh k thut v pht trin
ngun nc ngm c xc nh mt cch y
, c x l, s dng mt cch hp l v c entocoele [4977] : khoang trong.
ng dng vo cng trnh.
n: geologic engineering.
engineering rock mechanics [4967] : c hc
cng trnh.
B mn c hc nghin cu cc tnh cht c l
ca phc v cho cng tc cng trnh nh xy
p, khai thc m, xy dng dn dng, v.v.
englishite [4968] : englishit.
Khong vt mu trng:
K2Ca4Al8(PO4)8(OH)10.9H2O.
enriched uranium [4969] : urani giu.
Trong cng nghip ht nhn, dng urani t
nhin lm giu ng v urani-235 ln n 3,2-
3,6%, dng trong cc l phn ng v c gi l
urani giu, vit tt l EU. Qu trnh ny sinh ra
mt sn phm ph l urani ngho (depleted
uranium: vit tt l DU) cha ch yu l
urani-238.
ensialic geosyncline [4970] : a mng trn
v sial. Deleted: .
L a mng gm nhng lp trm tch lng
ng trn v sial. Ss: ensimatic geosyncline.
X: miogeosyncline.
ensimatic geosynline [4971] : a mng trn
v sima.
L a mng c nhng lp ni la lng
ng trn v sima. Ss: ensialic geosyncline.
X: eugeosyncline.
enstatite [4972] : enstatit.
Khong vt to nhm orthopyroxen:
MgSiO3, ng hnh vi hypersthen v c th c
cha mt t st, magnesi. Mu ca enstantit t
trng-xm nht n vng nht, xanh oliu v nu.
Enstatit l thnh phn nguyn sinh quan trng
ca magma trung tnh v basic.
enstatolite [4973] : enstatolit.
Pyroxenit hu nh ton b l enstatit.
enstenite [4974] : enstenit.
Tn nhm orthopyroxen: Mg SiO3-Fe SiO3,
lot ng hnh gm enstatit, hypersthen v
orthoferosilit.
enterolithic [4975] : dng rut.
1- Mt kiu cu to trm tch bao gm cc
di un np dng rut ging nh l mt sn
phm bin dng kin to, nhng li hnh thnh
do s thay i ho hc lin quan ti vic thay
i th tch ca .
2- cp ti s hy hoi hoc un np hnh
thnh cu to enterolithic.
enteroviruses (enteric viruses) [4976] : virut
ng rut.
Nhm virut c th sinh si ny n trong
ng tiu ha ca ngi v ng vt.
Khong khng gian bn trong mt i mng
tia san h.
entogene [4978] : ng lc ni bn.
Nhng iu kin ni bn lm thay i kin
trc ca mt loi trm tch c thnh to
trong bn trm tch .
entomostracan [4979] : v gip c v su b.
Thut ng khng cn c dng na, trc
y ch cc V gip c v su b.
entooecium [4980] : vch trong ca .
Phn bn trong ca np gp thnh ca vi
ha hay khng vi ha to thnh ti trng V
gip Malacostraca.
entoolitic [4981] : entoolitic.
cp ti kiu cu to trng c hoc cc ht
c hnh thnh v pht trin v pha trong do
s lp y cc l hng. Deleted: e
entoproct [4982]:Hu mn trong (Entoprocta). Formatted
208
 Ru ng vt thuc mt phn ngnh khng
c cc b phn cng v mt xoang thn. Loi
ng vt ny cha thy di dng ha thch.
entoseptum [4983] : vch khoang trong.
Vch San h su tia pht trin bn trong
khoang trong.
entosolenian [4984] : c c ng trong.
Loi Trng l (v d ging Oolina) m l
ming nm u mt on hnh ng trong thn.
entotoichal [4985] : c trng trong.
trng Ru ng vt Ming mi (Cheilo-
stomata) c v nh nm chm trong c th xa
trong khi vn thng ra bn ngoi mt cch
c lp.
entozooidal [4986] : c trng ngm.
trng Ru ng vt Ming mi (Cheilo-
stomata) c v nh ngm trong c th xa trong
khi vn thng xung bn di mnh y ca c
th m. n: entozooecial.
entrance angle [4987] : gc trc quang.
Gc 2V ca tinh th hai trc.
entrenched meander [4988] : un khc
o khot.
Khc un do o, khot, chm thp b mt
thung lng b sng hnh thnh trc y; n
th hin trc din ngang i xng. Nguyn nhn
ca n l do s tr li ca sng ang un khc
cng nh do s nng ln mt cch mnh m
hoc h thp mc c s. n: incised meander.
entrenched stream [4989] : dng chy
o khot.
Sng sui thng c s un khc, chy theo
dng hp hoc theo thung lng ct vo ng
bng hoc min t nng tng i; v d: sng
sui k tha dng chy ca cc chu k xm thc
trc v ct (n su) vo gc, lm bin i
i cht hng chy nguyn thy.
entropy [4990] : entropy.
n v o trnh "hn tp' vi mc khc
nhau ca mt tp hp trong mt phn v a
tng. Gi tr entropy ca mt tp hp cho
bng tch s gia t l ca chng trong mt
phn v vi logarit t nhin ca t l . Mt
phn v a tng c nhng phn bng nhau ca
mi tp hp th c gi tr entropy l 100; cn
mt tp hp c mt thnh phn th gi tr
entropy bng 0.
entropy coding [4991] : quy tc entropy.
Mt phng php s dng thng k th
hin s liu gc (nguyn bn) hiu qu hn.
environment [4992] : mi trng.
1- Tng hp cc yu t t nhin v yu t vt
cht nhn to quan h mt thit vi nhau, bao
quanh con ngi, c nh hng ti i sng, sn
xut, s tn ti pht trin ca con ngi v t
nhin (theo nh ngha ca lut mi trng).
2- Phm vi gii hn c tnh cht a l, ni
mt loi trm tch lng ng, c trng bi cc
iu kin vt l, ho hc, sinh hc nh hng.
V d nh mt h nc, m ly hoc ng
bng bi bi.
3- Tt c cc yu t v hon cnh bn ngoi
c th nh hng n mt sinh vt hay mt qun
x. n: habitat.
4- Cc tham s v phn cng v h iu hnh
m cc chng trnh ng dng i hi. V d
mi trng WiNDoWS. Trong DoS, mi
trng cn c ngha l mt phn trong b nh
c lu tr ct gi cc bin s m cc
chng trnh ng dng c th dng n.
environmental compounds [4993] : thnh
phn mi trng.
Cc yu t to thnh mi trng : khng kh,
nc, t, m thanh, nh sng, lng t, ni Deleted: .
rng, h, bin, sinh vt, cc h sinh thi, cc
khu dn c, khu sn xut, khu bo tn thin
nhin, cnh quan thin nhin, danh lam thng
cnh, di tch lch s v cc hnh thi vt cht
khc (Theo lut mi trng CHXHCN
Vit Nam).
environmental conflict [4994] : xung t mi
trng, tranh chp mi trng.
Nhng tranh chp, ng gia cc nhm,
cc cng ng ngi hoc gia cc a phng,
cc quc gia xy ra khi c nhng mu thun i
khng trong vic khai thc, s dng ti nguyn
v mi trng. mc thp, gia cc bn
xung t ch c s ci v, x xt, khng km
theo hnh ng bo lc. mc cao l u
tranh v trang hn ch, v khi xung t t ti
mc tt nh th c th n ra chin tranh trn
quy m ln. Xung t mi trng thng xy ra
trong vic s dng ti nguyn nc ca nhng
dng sng chy qua nhiu quc gia hoc do s
phng x cht thi gy nhim nc sng t
thng ngun xung h ngun. Xung t cng
hay pht sinh do s chuyn ch cht thi c
hi, phng x t nc ny vo (hoc i ngang
qua) nc khc, gy nguy c nhim mi
trng. n: environmentally-induced conflict.
environmental crime [4995] : ti phm
mi trng.
Ti gy tn hi, hy hoi mi trng, nguy
him i vi sc khe, s sng ca con ngi v
ng thc vt, vi phm lut php quc gia hay
quc t. Lut hnh s ca CHXHCN Vit Nam,
ti phm mi trng c 10 loi sau y: 1. Ti
gy nhim khng kh; 2. Ti gy nhim
209
ngun nc; 3. Ti gy nhim t; 4. Ti nhp
khu cng ngh, my mc, thit b, ph thi
hoc cc cht khng m bo tiu chun bo v
mi trng; 5. Ti lm ly lan dch bnh nguy
him cho ngi; 6. Ti lm ly lan dch bnh
nguy him cho ng vt, thc vt; 7. Ti hy
hoi ngun li thy sn; 8. Ti hy hoi rng; 9.
Ti vi phm cc quy nh v bo v ng vt
hoang d qu him; 10. Ti vi phm ch bo
v c bit i vi khu bo tn thin nhin.
X: war-environmental crime.
environmental degradation [4996] : suy thoi
mi trng.
S suy gim cht lng v s lng ca ton
b hay tng b phn mi trng (t, nc,
khng kh, h sinh thi,...) gy nh hng xu
n i sng ca con ngi v thin nhin do
nhng tc nhn k thut (nhn to) nh nhim
bi cht thi; suy gim tng zon do s pht thi
kh nh knh; cn kit ngun nc do khai thc
qu mc; hoang mc ha lnh th do nn ph
rng,...; hoc tc nhn t nhin nh nhim
khng kh do tro bi, kh c t hot ng ni
la, xm nhp mn t bin vo t lin do thy
triu hay bin tin, v.v.
environmental engineering [4997] : k thut
mi trng.
T hp cc dng k thut ng dng trong
cng tc iu tra nh gi, thit k, x l, kim
sot, bo v mi trng nh k thut nh gi
tc ng mi trng, kim sot nhim mi
trng, x l cht thi, phng chng tai bin
mi trng ,...
environmental forecasting [4998] : d bo
mi trng.
D bo s pht trin, bin i ca mt hay
ton b cc yu t mi trng c li hoc c hi
cho kinh t-dn sinh. V d: d bo ng t, d
bo l lt, v.v.
environmental geology [4999] : a cht
mi trng.
Lnh vc khoa hc a cht nghin cu mi
quan h tng h gia con ngi vi mi trng
a cht nh mt b phn cu thnh mi trng
sng ca gii hu sinh. a cht mi trng vn
dng c s l thuyt v phng php lun cng
nhng tri thc ca a cht hc vo vic pht
hin, gii thch, nh gi bn cht, quy lut hnh
thnh tin ha ca cc hin tng v qu trnh
a cht pht sinh, hoc d bo c th pht sinh,
do tc ng qua li gia mi trng a cht vi
con ngi v nhng hot ng nhn sinh; t
xut cc bin php mt mt phng nga,
ch ng nhng tc ng tiu cc, mt khc tn
dng, pht huy nhng tc ng tch cc t c hai
pha nhm bo v, ci to, hon thin v s dng
ti u mi trng a cht v s an ninh sinh thi
v s pht trin bn vng ca x hi loi ngi.
n: ecological geology. Formatted
environmental hydrogeology [5000] : a cht
thy vn mi trng, thy a cht mi trng.
Lnh vc a cht thy vn nghin cu nhng
tc ng ca nc di t n mi trng cng
nh nhng tc ng t nhin v nhn sinh n
nc di t nhm p dng nhng bin php
phng nga tai bin do nc di t (trt,
karst, ct chy, xi ngm, ly ha lnh th,...)
v nhng tc ng nhn sinh c hi cho nc
di t (gy cn kit, nhim,...).
environmental impact assessment (EIA)
[5001] : nh gi tc ng mi trng.
Qu trnh phn tch, nh gi, d bo nh
hng n mi trng ca cc d n quy hoch
pht trin kinh t-x hi ca cc c s sn xut
kinh doanh, cng trnh kinh t, khoa hc k
thut, y t, vn ha, x hi, an ninh, quc phng Deleted: ,
v cc cng trnh khc, xut cc gii php
thch hp v bo v mi trng.
environmental incident [5002] : s c
mi trng.
Tai bin hay ri ro xy ra trong qu trnh
hot ng ca con ngi hoc bin i tht
thng ca thin nhin gy suy thoi mi trng
nghim trng.
environmental protection [5003] : bo v
mi trng.
H thng cc chnh sch, chin lc, ch
trng, bin php khoa hc-cng ngh, t chc- Deleted: -
php ch, tuyn truyn-gio dc v nhng hot
ng thc tin nhm gi gn cho mi trng
khi b suy thoi. Bo v mi trng cng bao
hm ngha ci to, hon thin mi trng
nhm lm cho n ngy cng tt p, pht trin
bn vng, to hon cnh sng thun li cho con
ngi (nh ci to t chua mn, hoang mc,
lm giu ti nguyn nc bng phng php b
sung nhn to nc di t, pht trin thm
thc vt v s a dng sinh hc,...).
environmental refugees [5004] : t nn
mi trng.
Nhng ngi buc phi ri khi ni c tr
truyn thng ca mnh mt cch tm thi hay
vnh vin do nhng nguyn nhn t nhin hay
nhn to lm bin i mi trng theo chiu
hng c hi cho s sng nh ng t, ni la,
hn hn, l lt, sa mc ha, suy thoi t canh
tc, cn kit ti nguyn thin nhin, s c ht
nhn, dch bnh, v.v. n: ecological refugees.
environmental safety [5005] : an ninh
mi trng.
210
 Trng thi m mt h thng mi trng c
kh nng m bo iu kin sng an ton cho
con ngi trnh c nhng tai bin thin nhin
(bo t, l lt, ng t, hot ng ni la,...),.
nhn to (s c ht nhn, nhim do cht thi,
khai thc cn kit ti nguyn,...). Mt an ninh
sinh thi c th dn n mt an ninh chnh tr v
n nh x hi, e da ha bnh ngn cn s
pht trin.
environmental science [5006] : khoa hc
mi trng.
Khoa hc a ngnh chuyn nghin cu mi
lin quan gia s sng ca con ngi v sinh vt
vi mi trng sng.
environmental toxicology [5007] : c cht
hc mi trng.
Lnh vc khoa hc nghin cu nhng cht
c c ngun gc t nhin hay nhn to tn ti
trong mi trng c hi cho s sng ca con
ngi v sinh vt.
environmentally induced conflict [5008] :
xung t do mi trng.
X: environmental conflict.
Eocambrian [5009] : Eocambri.
Gn tng ng vi Riphei.
n: Infracambrian.
Eocene [5010] : Eocen.
Mt th ca k Tam, sau Paleocen, trc
Oligocen, c n v thi a tng tng ng l
thng Eocen.
Eogene [5011] : Eogen.
n: Paleogen.
eolian [5012] : phong thnh.
Thut ng cp cc vn lin quan v gi,
c bit ni v cc trm tch nh hong th, ct
n, v cc cu to trm tch gn sng do gi
hoc v s bc mn v tch t do gi.
n: aeolian, eolic.
eolianite [5013] : phong thnh.
Loi trm tch c thnh phn vt liu vn
c trm tch do tc ng ca gi. n: dune
rock.
eolium [5014] : eolium, phong thnh.
Thut ng chung ch cc trm tch bt
hnh thnh do gi (hong th), tch t ct do gi
(cn, n)...
eometamorphism [5015] : eometamorphism,
bin cht sm.
Qu trnh bin cht sm hoc mi bt u,
c bit nhy cm vi hydrocarbon.
eon [5016] : Lin i.
1- Phn v chnh thc c cp bc cao nht ca
a thi, k trn i, tng ng vi Lin gii
ca thi a tng. Lin i Phanerozoi gm cc
i Paleozoi, Mesozoi, Kainozoi.
2- 1 t nm thng vit l aeon.
eonothem [5017] : Lin gii.
Phn v chnh thc c cp bc cao nht ca
thi a tng. Lin gii Phanerozoi gm cc gii
Paleozoi, Mesozoi, Kainozoi; tt c cc c
hn c xem thuc lin gii Tin Cambri, hoc
Arkei v Proterozoi. Khong thi gian tng
ng vi Lin gii l Lin i.
eophytic [5018] : thc vt nguyn sinh.
Phn v c thc vt trong thi gian a cht,
trong To chim u th.
eoseptum [5019] : vch xoang ngoi.
Vch ca san h su tia pht trin trong
xoang ngoi.
eospar [5020] : calcit l hng, calcit ton sinh.
Calcit ton tinh nguyn sinh c thnh to
do s tch t trc tip trong cc l hay khe hng.
Ngn: neospar (Nichols, 1967).
n: calcite cement.
eosphorite [5021] : eosphorit.
Khong vt mu hng n hng:
(Mn, Fe)Al PO4 (OH). H2O.
Eosuchia [5022] : C su nguyn thy.
Mt b ca B st c vy, c i sng ging
Thn ln. Gm t tin ca Thn ln v Rn hin
nay. Tui: Permi mun n Eocen.
Etvs correction [5023] : hiu chnh Etvs.
Php hiu chnh gia tc hng tm do tc
quay ng-ty ca Tri t trong o v trng
lc.
Etvs unit [5024] : n v Etvs.
n v gradient trng lc, 10- mgal/cm. Deleted: .
eozoan [5025] : ng vt nguyn thy (Eozoa). Deleted: e
Phn gii ng vt gm cc dng ch c mt
t bo.
ephemeral lake [5026] : h tm thi.
X: playa lake. Formatted
ephemeral stream [5027] : dng tm thi, Deleted: .
mng xi.
1- Dng chy hoc mt phn dng chy ch Deleted: .
yu chy do nc vng ln cn cung cp trc
tip v y sng sui thng cao hn mc nc.
2- Dng chy ch c ngay sau khi ma l ln. Deleted: .
ephesite [5028] : ephesit.
Loi mica khi tm mt ba c thnh phn l
thuyt: Na (Al2Li1) (Si2 Al2)O10 (OH, F)2.
ephippium [5029] : gi trng.
p trn lng ca nhiu ng vt V gip
Formatted
Cladocera c tc dng bo v trng cho n khi
n v rng i sau khi trng n ht.
Sn : ephippia. Formatted
epibiontic [5030] : sinh vt mt y.
211
 Ni v cc sinh vt sng trn b mt trm
tch hay y.
epibolite [5031] : epibolit.
Thut ng ch cc migmatit vi nhng lp
granit nm chnh hp vi cu to gneis ca
m khng phi l granit.
epicenter [5032] : chn tm ngoi.
im chiu ca tm ng t trn mt t.
epiclastic rock [5033] : vn biu sinh.
Loi c hnh thnh t s gn kt cc
mnh vn ca cc c trc trn b mt Tri
t; loi trm tch m nhng thnh phn vn
ca n l do cc qu trnh phong ho hoc bo
mn to nn.
epidermis [5034] : epidermis, v ngoi.
1- Phn trm tch ca v Tri t.
2- Mt trong cc loi v hay mng bc ngoi
ca ng vt v thc vt, v d lp sng mt
thn mm, hay lp t bo ngoi ca vch thn
mt Rut khoang, hay lp m ngoi cng
mt cy.
epidiagenesis [5035] : diagene mun, giai on
thnh mun.
1- Thut ng c s dng ch pha cui
cng ca qu trnh to , trong cc vt liu
trm tch c thnh , nhng trc khi xy ra
qu trnh bo mn. N c trng bi s bin i
ca dung dch ng sinh v ti din cc iu
kin oxy ho.
2- Gn b mt Tri t, chuyn qua i c
qu trnh phong ho chim u th. Tng ng
vi thut ng giai on to mun (late
diagenesis).
epididymite [5036] : epididymit.
Khong vt h thoi, khng mu:
NaBeSi3O7(OH), lng hnh vi eudidymit.
epidiorite [5037] : epidiorit.
Gabro hoc diabas b bin cht trong ch
yu amphibol dng si (uralit) thay th cho
clinopyroxen (pyroxen xin) nguyn sinh
(thng l augit). Thng c dng khi, nhng
cng c th c dng phn phin.
epidosite [5038] : epidosit.
bin cht ( epidot) bao gm epidot v
thch anh v thng c cha cc khong vt th
sinh nh uralit v clorit.
epidote [5039] : epidot.
1- Khong vt mu xanh-vng nht, xanh h
trn hoc xanh-en nht:Ca2(Al,Fe)3Si3O12(OH).
Epidot kt hp vi albit v clorit v c dng
khi hoc tinh th n nghing trong bin
cht thp hoc thnh phn ph trong magma,
y l sn phm bin i ca khong vt
feromagne. n: pistacite, aredalite, dephinite,
thallite.
2- Nhm khong vt gm epidot, zoisit, Deleted: b
clinozoisit, piemontit v hancockit.
epidotization [5040] : epidot ha.
S a thm epidot nhit dch vo trong
hoc s bin i ca trong plagioclas b
albit ha gii phng cc phn t anorthid dn
n s thnh to epidot v zoizit, thng i cng
vi qu trnh clorit ha. Cc qu trnh ny i
km cht ch vi qu trnh bin cht.
epifauna [5041] : h ng vt mt y, h
ng vt bm y.
H ng vt sng bn trn b mt y bin,
hoc sng bm vo , rong bin hoc cc sinh
vt khc nc nng hay ven b.
epigenesis [5042] : thuyt biu sinh.
1- S thay i c im khong vt ca t Deleted: nh l
kt qu ca nh hng bn ngoi din ra gn b
mt Tri t, nh s thay th khong vt trong
qu trnh bin cht.
2- S bin i hoc cc qu trnh xy ra
trong iu kin nhit v p sut thp i vi
cc trm tch sau khi qu trnh to kt
thc. n: metagenesis, metadiagenesis, cata-
genesis.
epigenetic [5043] : epigene; biu sinh.
Thut ng c s dng trong trm tch hc
ch khong vt, kin trc hoc cu to hnh
thnh sau qu trnh trm tch. n: epigenic.
epigenite [5044] : epigenit.
Khong vt mu xm thp:(Cu, Fe)5 AsS6 (?).
epiglyph [5045] : vt hn hnh thnh trong giai
on epigene; vt hn c hc.
Vt hn c hc phn trn cng ca mt lp
trm tch.
epilithic [5046] : bm .
Ni v cc sinh vt sng trn b mt hay bm
vo mt hoc cht . n: petrophilous.
epimagma [5047] : sau magma (hu magma).
Phn tn d magma c bt kh, khng cha
kh v na cng, kh m c, thng c
thnh to bi s ngui lnh ca dung nham
trong h dung nham.
epimatrix [5048] : vt liu nn trong giai on
epigene.
Vt liu khng thun nht hnh thnh ti cc
l hng ca graywac v arkos trong qu trnh
to . Deleted: a
epimere [5049] : g sn.
Np gp xung pha bn ca tm lng ng
vt V gip. n: epimeron, pleurite, pleuron, Formatted
tergal fold.
epipelagic [5050] : bin khi.
Thut ng cp ti mi trng bin khi,
212
ti su khong 200m.
epipelic [5051] : sng trn mt trm tch.
Sinh vt pht trin trn cc thnh to trm
tch, v d nh trn bn, v.v.
epiplankton [5052] : sinh vt ph sinh.
Cc sinh vt sng bm vo loi thc vt tri
ni hoc cc ng vt bi li, nht l cc ng
vt c xng sng, nh ra, rn bin v c voi.
n: pseudoplankton.
epipsammon [5053] : ng vt trn mt ct.
Cc ng vt sng trn b mt ca ct.
epirhysis [5054] : knh ht, knh trc.
Knh xng Bt bin su tia gai li tng
ng vi mt knh ht. Sn : epirhyses.
epirostrum [5055] : chy ngoi.
Phn pha nh ca chy mt s Tn ,
nht l cc loi trong Jura, trong ch c phn
ngoi c cc cu trc phin ng tm, cn phn
trong khng c g.
episeptal deposit [5056] : cht lng ng ngoi
mt vch.
Cht lng ng gn tm phng trn mt li
ca vch ngn v Nautiloidea.
episkeleton [5057] : trn b xng, ngoi
b xng.
Bn trn hay bn ngoi b xng ngoi ca
mt ng vt.
episome [5058] : phn thn trc.
Phn trc ca thn , bn trn di vng ca
mt Trng hai lng roi khng c gip.
epispire [5059] : l xon.
L ng khu nh, trn hay bu dc, nm
gia cc tm di ca nhiu ng vt Da gai
nguyn thy, nh Hu bin c, mt s Sao bin
c nh v mt s Stylophore. Mi l xon c
coi l cha mt mang bng mng mm ht
nc ra ngoi c tc dng th.
epistibite [5060] : epistibit.
Khong vt zeolit mu trng hoc khng
mu: CaAl2Si6O16.5H2O.
epistolite [5061] : epistolit.
Khong vt h ba nghing:
Na2 (Nb, Ti)2 Si2O9 . nH2O.
epistome [5062] : np ming, tm m, tm xen
ru ming.
C quan mi nh y ming Ru ng vt
Mi kn (Phylactolaemata); tm m B ba
thy; V gip l tm nm gia anten v ming.
epitheca [5063] : bao ngoi, lp mi, np
ngoi.
Lp cht vi ngoi ca m xng bao quanh
mt San h n th; lp lng ng th sinh
sm mu trong vch trong mt Trng roi, gi
l lp mi; phn trc ca vch Trng roi
Dinoflagellata, bn trn ai vng.
epithelium [5064] : biu m, biu b.
ng vt l m t bo to nn lp ph hay
lp lt c th c nhiu chc nng, nh bo v
hay bi tit; thc vt l m t bo ph ln mt
mt t do, hoc lt mt ng hay mt xoang.
epithermal [5065] : nhit thp.
M qung thnh to su khong 1km so
vi mt t v nhit trong khong 50-200oC,
ch yu dng mch.
epithyridid [5066] : l cung.
L thng ca cung Tay cun nm hon
ton bn trong nh mnh bng.
epitract [5067] : phn trc di vng.
Phn ca nang Trng hai lng roi
(Dinoflagellata) nm trc vng di vng.
epivalve [5068] : na v ngoi.
Na ngoi ca v To silic. n: epitheca.
epixenolith [5069] : xenolith.
ngoi lai (xenolith) bt ngun t tng
vy quanh.
epizoic [5070] : sng trn ng vt.
Mt sinh vt ln ln trn b mt thn mt
ng vt.
epizone [5071] : i nng; i bin cht nng.
Theo phn loi cc bin cht l i su
trn cng ca qu trnh bin cht c c trng
bi nhit thp ti trung bnh (nh hn 300oC)
v p sut cn bng thy tnh vi ng sut dch
trt t thp ti cao. Qu trnh bin cht c hc
v ha hc to ra cc silicat cha nc (nh
sericit, clorit, talc) v carbonat (nh calcit,
dolomit). Cc dng in hnh l phin lp,
phylit v phin sericit v clorit. Mt khi
nim b thay th, bao hm hiu qu ca qu
trnh bin cht tip xc nhit thp v bin
cht trao i. Quan im hin nay nhn mnh
iu kin nhit -p sut (mc bin cht
thp) hn l su tng ng ca i.
epizygal [5072] : phin tay ngoi.
Phin tay pha ngoi ca mt i ni lin
nhau bi tp hp mnh nhim sc Hu bin.
epoch [5073] : Th, K nguyn.
1- L phn v a thi chnh thc, ln hn K
(age) v ngn hn K (period), phn v a tng
tng ng l Thng (series) ca thi a tng.
2- Thut ng c s dng khng chnh thc Deleted: p
cho khong chiu di (thng khng ln) ca Formatted
thi gian a cht. V d k nguyn bng h. Formatted
epontic [5074] : sinh vt bm y.
Cc sinh vt ln ln bm vo mt nn no .
epsomite [5075] : epsomit.
Khong vt: MgSO4.7H2O, mui t nhin v
l tinh th lng tr khng mu, dng khi, chm
213
nho, dng khm trong m thch cao hoc hang
ng vi.
n: epsom salt; bitter salt; hair salt.
equal angle projection [5076] : php chiu
ng gc.
equal area projection [5077] : php chiu
ng din.
equatorial [5078] : mt xch o.
Thuc hay nm trn mt phng gia thun
vi trc cun hoc trc i xng Trng l, v
d "mt ct xch o" l mt ct qua phng khi
thy mt v Trng l.
equatorial aperture [5079] : l ming xch
o.
L ming i xng mt v Trng l cun
phng, thng l trong ra, nhng cng c th
trn b mt hoc ngoi vi.
equatorial spine [5080] : gai xch o.
Gai ta tia pht sinh t ra xch o Trng
tia gai (acantharina).
equilateral [5081] : u bn, cn i.
i xng hai bn, c th l ni v mnh v
Thn mm hai mnh c cc phn trc v sau
nh gn u nhau hay u nhau v b di v
gn i xng.
equilibrium [5082] : cn bng, trng thi cn
bng, cn bng ti trng.
equilibrium moisture content [5083] : hm
lng m cn bng.
Hm lng m ca mt khi t ti thi
im m khng c s di chuyn m.
equilibrium species [5084] : loi cn bng
chuyn ha, loi n nh.
Mt loi hng ti c chuyn ha trong
thch nghi, pht tn v sinh sn tc va
phi, nhng t c quy m qun c ln, do
tnh cht n nh, c th on trc c, hoc
lu bn ca mi trng m n c tr.
n: specialist species; K strategist.
equiplanation [5085] : cn bng san bng, t
san bng.
Cc qu trnh xy ra vng v cao, c
khuynh hng lm gim b mt m khng lin
quan ti mc c s v khng c s hao mn hay
tch t vt liu.
equipotential [5086] : ng p lc.
equipotential line [5087] : ng ng th.
ng c th nng khng i.
equivalence [5088] : tng ng.
Cng thi gian a cht, c bit c ch th
bng s tp trung ha thch ging ht nhau.
n: equivalency.
equivalent [5089] : tng ng tui a cht;
tng ng a tng.
S dng cho nhng tng hoc h tng (cho
cc phn v khu vc xa nhau) c cng thi
gian thnh to, tch t hoc tp trung cc dng
ha thch nh nhau.
equivalent nodal forces in finite element
method [5090] : lc tng ng ti cc nt
trong phng php phn t hu hn.
equivalent radius [5091] : bn knh
tng ng.
equivalent working height [5092] : cao
cng tc tng ng.
equivolumial wave [5093] : sng ngang S.
Era [5094] : i.
Phn v a thi chnh thc, cp thp hn lin
i (eon), tng ng thi gian tch t cc thnh
to a cht mt gii. V d nh i Paleozoi,
i Mesozoi, i Kainozoi. Mi i c chia
thnh hai hay nhiu k.
erathem [5095] : gii.
L phn v thi a tng chnh thc, cp thp
hn lin gii (eonothem) v cao hn h
(system). Thi gian tng ng ca gii l i.
X: supersystem. n: group; sequence.
E ray [5096] : tia E; tia bt thng.
1- (cs) Tia tri trc ng vt Da gai nm
sau tia D theo chiu kim ng h khi nhn con
Da gai t pha ming; tng ng vi chn mt
ii theo cch m chn mt ca Loven.
2- (kv) Trong tinh th mt trc, phng giao
ng ca sng bt thng nm trong mt phng
to bi trc quang v php tuyn.
erbium [5097] : erbi (Er). Deleted: i
Nguyn t ha hc s 68, nguyn t lng
167,263; t trng 9,066 g/cm3, thuc nhm REE
kim loi nng, lithophil, c 6 ng v bn v 24
ng v khng bn. Hm lng Er trong :
trong v lc a trn l 2,3 ppm. Cc khong vt
tiu biu l monazit, bastnaesit. Phng php
phn tch Er: ICP-MS. c s dng trong cc
Deleted:
ngnh cng nghip ht nhn, luyn kim,
knh,v.v.
ergeron [5098] : hong th giu vi.
Loi ct cha st ht rt mn, hoc l mt
bin th ca hong th, cha mt lng ng k
carbonat calci, thng c mt min Bc nc
Php v tnh Hainaut nc B.
Erian [5099] : Eri.
Thng khu vc Bc M. Devon trung (nm
trn Ulster, nm di Senec).
ericaite [5100] : ericait.
Khong vt: (Fe, Mg, Mn)3 B7 O13 Cl.
ericssonite [5101] : ericsonit.
Khong vt: Ba Mn3 Fe (Si2O7) (OH), lng
hnh vi orthoericsonit.
214
 erikite [5102] : erikit.
Khong vt mu xanh-vng, vng-xanh nht
hoc nu: (La, Ce) (P, Si)O4. H2O, gn ging
dradophan giu silicat. Loi erikit vng
Greenland c cha monazit.
eriochalcite [5103] : eriochalcit.
Khong vt mu xanh nht n xanh m:
CuCl2.2H2O. n: antofagastite.
erionite [5104] : erionit.
Khong vt zeolit :
(Ca,Na2K2)(Al8O28)O72.27H2O.
erlichmanite [5105] : erlichmanit.
Khong vt nhm pyrit: OsS2.
erodable [5106] : c kh nng b xi mn.
erosion [5107] : xm thc, xi mn.
1- Qu trnh tng hp hay tp hp cc qu
trnh nh vt cht ca v Tri t b ri ra,
ha tan, mn dn v ng thi c vn chuyn
t ni ny n ni khc bng cc tc nhn t
nhin khc nhau nh phong ho, ha tan, bo
mn v vn chuyn; c bit s ph hy c hc
t v vn chuyn vt cht (nh t) do nc
chy (k c nc ma), sng bin, thy triu,
hi lu, gi v bng h, Thut ng i khi c
gii hn bng cch loi tr qu trnh vn chuyn
(nh trong trng hp bc mn "denudation'
l thut ng rt chung chung) hoc phong ha
(v vy erosion ch c coi l qu trnh
ng hc).
2- nh hng tc thi hoc sn phm hoc
hiu ng tng hp ca xm thc, xi mn.
erosion caldera [5108] : caldera xm thc.
Mt kiu caldera (hay mt kiu ming ni
la) c hnh thnh do xm thc v m rng
ming ni la; hoc xut hin do qu trnh xm
thc nn ni la dn n s ra i ca mt bn
trng ln, dng hnh trn ng tm. Ngi ta
cho rng mt s ming ni la xm thc khng
phi ch thc kiu caldera bi l chng khng
c hnh thnh bng cc qu trnh ni la.
erosion crater [5109] : ming ni la
xm thc.
X: makhtesh.
erosion groove [5110] : rnh bo mn, cu to
dng rnh.
Kiu cu to trm tch hnh thnh t cc
ng rnh st nhau do qu trnh ra la dng
ng thng.
erosion plain [5111] : ng bng xm thc.
Thut ng chung ch bt k ng bng bi
tch no c to thnh do qu trnh xm thc
nh bn bnh nguyn, pediplain (ng bng
trc ni), ng bng lng cho (bn a) hoc
ng bng xm thc t thp ven bin.
erosion ridge [5112] : sng ni xm thc. Deleted: .
Mt trong nhiu "sng ni" nh trn mt
tuyt, c thnh to do tc dng ca gi thi
tuyt; cc "sng ni, di ni" ny c phng
song song hoc vung gc vi hng gi.
erosion ripple [5113] : mt sng do bo mn.
Du hiu dng sng trn cc n ct hnh
thnh do tc ng chia ct ca gi trn lp t
nhiu c gn kt.
erosion terrace [5114] : thm bo mn; thm
xm thc.
Thm c thnh to do qu trnh xm thc.
erosional flood plain [5115] : ng bng bi
bi xm thc. Deleted: .
ng bng bi bi (hoc bi bi) c hnh Deleted: .
thnh do xm thc ngang v s thoi lui dn dn
Deleted: a)
ca vch thung lng.
erratic boulder [5116] : tng lang thang. Deleted: m
error [5117] : sai s, li. Deleted: b
1- Trong vic ly mu, o c do nhiu Deleted: b
nguyn nhn khc nhau s khng trnh khi sai Deleted: trong bao gm
s trong s liu. Gi s X l kt qu quan st
c, a l gi tr chn thc, Z l sai s, ta c
Z=X-a. Tuy nhin trong thc t v a cha bit
nn Z cng cha bit.
2- S khc nhau gia gi tr quan st, tnh
ton hay o c v s lng vi gi tr l tng
hay gi tr thc hay vi mt gi tr s quy c l
gi tr thc. X: systematic error (sai s h
thng). Deleted: b)
error I() [5118] : sai s loi I().
Sai s loi I l sai s phm phi khi gi thit Deleted: .
l ng m ta li khng cng nhn gi thit y.
V d 1 = 0 nhng ta li c gi thit l 1 0 .
error II() [5119] : sai s loi II().
Sai s loi II l sai s khi gi thuyt l khng
ng m ta li tha nhn gi thuyt y. V d:
phn phi khng chun m ta li c gi thuyt l
phn phi chun.
eruption [5120] : phun tro, bng n ni la.
S phun tro ca cc vt liu ni la (dung Deleted: .
nham, mnh vn v kh ni la) ln b mt Tri
t hoc l t ming ni la trung tm, hoc l Deleted: :
t khe nt hoc nhm khe nt.
eruption breccia [5121] : dm kt ni la.
Loi dm kt hnh thnh t qu trnh phun n
ca ni la.
eruption cloud [5122] : m my phun tro.
Deleted: .
My ca kh ni la vi tro v cc mnh vn
ni la khc c thnh to bi s bng n ni
la. Tro c th ri xung t bi s trm tch
khng kh. n: explosion cloud; ash cloud;
volcanic cloud,...
eruption column [5123] : ct phun tro.
215
 Dng u tin do m my ni la to nn ti
thi im bng n; phn thp l my. N l kt
qu ca s phun tro u tin, him hn l ca
s ni ln ln b mt ca cc hi nng.
eruption cycle [5124] : chu k phun tro, chu
k ni la.
Chui lin tip cc s kin xy ra trong qu
trnh phun tro ni la, s thay i c quy lut
ca hot ng phun tro trong thi k hot ng
ca ni la.
eruptive [5125] : phun tro, ni la.
Ni v c thnh to bi s cng rn ca cn li ca mnh v bi mt g hay np xp gp
magma, c ngha l hoc phun tro hoc
xm nhp. Phn nhiu s dng chuyn t ny
ch cho cc phun tro hoc ni la.
erythrite [5126] : erythrit.
Khong vt mu hoc hng :
Co3 (AsO4)2. 8H2O, ng hnh vi anabergit
v c th cha nickel. Eruthrit c dng tinh th
h n nghing, khi cu v dng thn hoc
dng t, sn phm phong ha ca qung cobal
phn trn ca mch qung (i oxy ha).
n: erythrine; cobalt bloom; red cobalt;
cobalt ocher; peachblossom ore.
erythrosiderite [5127] : erythrosiderit.
Khong vt: K2FeCl5.H2O c th cha mt t
alumin.
erzbergite [5128] : erzbergit.
Calcit v aragonit di dng cc lp xen
k nhau.
esboite [5129] : esboit.
Diorit dng cu trong andesin hoc
oligoclas l thnh phn ch yu ca plagioclas
v to nn cc dng cu. Tn gi ny bt ngun
t a danh Eslo Phn Lan. Khng c s
dng nhiu.
escarpment [5130] : vch ng, sn dc
ng, vt l dc ng.
1- Vch hay mm di dc lin tc trn
mt hng c hnh thnh do tc dng xm
thc hay t gy.
2- B mt hay vt l ca rt dc, xut
hin trn cc bn vng trong iu kin xm
thc cc lp mm hn nm dc thoi kiu
questa (n nghing). n: scarp.
escharan [5131] : dng tm ng.
X: eschariform.
eschariform [5132] : dng tm ng.
Ni v mt qun th cng, dng hai tm hay
l cy dng ng ca Ru ng vt Ming mi
(Cheilostomata) bm chc bng mt gc cht
vi hay lng lo bng r. n: escharan.
Escherichia coli [5133] : Escherichia coli
(E. coli).
Sinh vt dng Coli chu nhit, hiu kh v c Deleted: c
kh nng ym kh, lm ln men lactoza (hoc
mannitol) nhit 44oC to ra cc acid, kh
v indole t tryptophan. Chng thng c tr
trong rut gi ngi v ng vt mu nng.
E.coli thng khng c kh nng sinh sn trong
nc thi v nc mt b nhim.
escutcheon [5134] : khin.
Din phng hoc cong lm, hnh thoi, nm
pha sau nh v ko di v pha sau v mt s
thn mm hai mnh, i khi phn bit vi phn
ca v.
eskebornite [5135] : eskebornit.
Khong vt: CuFeSe2, ng hnh vi
chalcopyrit.
esker delta [5136] : chu th ngon ngoo. Deleted: .
Trm tch ct si nh phng c hnh thnh
ti ca sng bng tch nh l bt ngun t mt
ng bng ngm, chy vo bin hoc h v c
lin quan vi i di, hp un ln hnh rn.
esker fan [5137] : qut bi tch ngon ngoo. Deleted: .
Bi bi nh ct si, c hnh thnh di
ca sng bng v c lin quan vi i nh, hp
un ln hnh rn.
eskolaite [5138] : eskolait.
Khong vt khi mt thoi: Cr2O3, ng hnh
vi hematit.
esperite [5139] : esperit.
Khong vt: (Ca, Pb)ZnSiO4.
n: larsenite calci.
espichellite [5140] : espichelit.
lamprophyr, tng t nh camptonit,
trong cc ban tinh hornblend, augit, olivin,
magnetit v pyrit ni bt trn nn c st gm
magnetit, hornblend, augit, mica v labradorit
vi rim orthoclas. Analcim cng c th gp
trong phn nn. Espichelit ging teschenit,
nhng c t analcim hn v thng c kin trc Deleted: .
ban trng, him khi dng ht. Tn gi theo a
danh Cape Espichel B o Nha. t c
s dng. Deleted: ..
essential [5141] : vn ni la.
vn ni la c thnh to t magma.
y l mt phn ca s phn loi trn c s
ngun gc, v tng ng vi chuyn t
juvenile (ni la) v authigenous.
essential elements (EEs) [5142] : nhng
nguyn t thit yu (EEs).
Nhng nguyn t cn thit m bo cho hot
ng chnh xc ca qu trnh chuyn ha trong
c th ng vt v thc vt vi liu lng cc
nh nh ng, km, bo, molibden, mangan,
coban, v.v. n: micronutrient elements. Deleted:
216
 essential mineral [5143]: khong vt thit yu.
Mt thnh phn khong vt ca c vai tr
quan trng trong phn loi v t tn nhng
khng nht thit phi c mt vi s lng ln.
n: specific mineral.
essexibasalt [5144] : esexibasalt.
Basanit nephelin c cha plagioclas giu Ca
(bytaunit). Theo cc nh thch hc Php, chuyn
t ny ng ngha vi basalt kim. t c s
dng.
essexite [5145] : esexit.
1- Trong phn loi ca IUGS, l xm nhp
vi F khong 10-60, v P/(A+P) = 50-90.
n: monzodiorit foid; monzogabro foid.
2- Gabro kim bao gm plagioclas,
hornblend, biotit v titanaugit, vi mt lng
nh feldspar kim v nephelin. Esexit chuyn
sang teralit vi s gim ca feldsparkali v s
tng ca cc khong vt felspatoid. Tn gi ny
bt ngun t a danh ca qun Essex thuc
bang Masachuset.
essonite [5146] : esonit.
qu granat grosular cha st mu nu
vng hoc nu pht trong sut.
n: hessonite; cinnamon stone; hyacinth;
jacinth.
esterel twin law [5147] : lut song tinh Esterel.
Lut song tinh song song trong feldspar, trc
song tinh a v mt tip hp (okl) song song
vi a.
esterellite [5148] : esterelit.
Diorit thch anh porphyrit cng cha andesin
cu to i v hornblend. Thut ng s dng
cho cc vng Estered nc Php. t c
dng.
estimate [5149] : nh gi, c lng.
estimation [5150] : nh gi, c lng.
estimator (estimate) [5151] : c lng.
c trng mu v l hm s ca cc gi tr
trong tp mu chn. C th nu :
l c lng ca tham s a i vi tp mu
gm cc tr quan trc x 1, x 2 ..... x n th =
a ( x 1, x 2 ..... x n ). Quy lut phn phi ca ph
thuc vo quy lut phn phi ca i lng ngu
nhin X (trc ht vo chnh tham s a) v vo
tr s n. C nhiu phng php tnh cc c
lng, iu quan trng l phi bit so snh tnh
cht ca cc c lng khc nhau v tm c
c lng chnh xc cc i.
estuarine [5152] : ca sng.
cp ti hoc cc c hnh thnh hoc
sinh vt sng mt ca sng. Thng ch cc
trm tch v mi trng trm tch hoc mi
trng sinh hc ca mt ca sng.
estuarine delta [5153] : tam gic chu ca
sng, chu th ca sng.
Delta hoc chu th thnh to ngay ti ca
sng hoc qu trnh lp y lu vc sng.
estuarine deposit [5154] : trm tch ca sng. Deleted: .
Lp trm tch nm di phn nc l ca
mt ca sng, c trng bi cc trm tch bin
v sng ht mn (ch yu l st v bt) c cha
mt hm lng ng k vt cht hu c lc a.
N c c ht mn v c thnh phn ng nht
hn so vi trm tch tam gic chu.
estuarine lagoon [5155] : vng ca sng. Deleted: .
Vng (vnh nh) c hnh thnh bng cch Deleted: a
ng ca sng mt cch nht thi bi cc di
Deleted: vi c
chn do bo bin. Nhng vng nh vy tn ti
theo ma v cho n khi sng ph hy di chn Deleted: v
; thng thng n ch xut hin vng c Deleted: b
lng ma thp hoc t bin.n: blind estuary. Deleted: T
estuary [5156] : ca sng hnh phu, ca sng
hnh tam gic. Deleted: .
1- Ming ca thung lng sng, hng ra bin Deleted: a)
hoc ca sng chu nh hng ca thy triu, c
hnh ci phu v ni nc sng tip xc vi
nc bin; mt phn b bin kn c thy triu
gp dng chy ca sng.n: freshwater estuary;
inverse estuary.
2- Mt b phn hay mt phn ca i dng, Deleted: b)
nh vnh hp hay ca sng hoc cnh tay bin b
nh hng nc ngt.
3- Ca sng rng, b ngp c to thnh do Deleted: c)
st ln phn t gn b bin hoc vng t thp
chm ngp do mc nc bin dng cao. Ting
a phng Latinh: aestus, "tide" (thy triu).
etching [5157] : thnh to a hnh; qu trnh
"khc chm" b mt. Deleted: .
1- S gim thp b mt Tri t bng cc qu Deleted: a)
trnh phong ha, bc mn, mi mn v thi mn
mt cch chm chp, c tnh phn d. Kt qu l
ton khu vc vi lp lt di c bn vng cao
tr ra thnh cc kiu a hnh khc nhau.
2- S thnh to a hnh do xm thc hoc Deleted: b)
"chm tr" vo .
Deleted:
etchplain [5158] : ng bng "khc", "chm".
B mt xm thc tng i khng mnh m, Deleted:
c hnh thnh do qu trnh h thp tng i Deleted:
nhanh nhng c tnh cht cc b trong qu trnh
Deleted: .
dng cao ca mt bn bnh nguyn.
ethology [5159] : tp tnh hc.
Khoa hc nghin cu cc tp tnh ca ng
vt m mt s kt qu cn c bo tn di
dng ha thch, v d vt giun b.
etindite [5160] : etindit.
phun tro ti mu c thnh phn trung
gian gia leucitit v nephelinit, vi cc ban tinh
pyroxen xin trong phn nn dy c leucit,
217
nephelin v pyroxen xin. T ny t c dng.
etnaite [5161] : etnait.
Basalt olivin kim. T ny t c s dng.
Etroeungtian [5162] : Etroeungt.
Bc a phng chu u. Phn trn cng
ca Devon.
ettringite [5163] : etringit.
Khong vt : Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12.26H2O,
ging vi bentorit. n: woodfordit.
euaster [5164] : gai sao thc.
Gai sao Bt bin thuc loi gai xng nh c
hnh ngi sao bin i trong cc tia pht sinh
t mt tm chung.
euautochthony [5165] : thc vt ti ch.
S tch t ca cc tn tch thc vt (r, gc,
thn cy,...) m hin ti tm c ti chnh ni
chng sng.
eucairite [5166] : eucairit.
Khong vt ng thc mu trng bc n
xm-ch: CuAgSe.
euchlorin [5167] : euclorin.
Khong vt xanh emrt :
(K, Na)8 Cu9 (SO4)10(OH)6.
euchroite [5168] : eucroit.
Khong vt mu xanh- emerald hoc xanh ti
ty: Cu2 (AsO4) (OH) . 3H2O.
euclase [5169] : euclas.
Khong vt h n nghing: BeAlSiO4(OH),
c mu xanh bin, xanh l cy, vng hoc tm v
thnh thong khng mu. Loi mu xanh nc
bin l qu c gi tr.
eucolite [5170] : eucolit.
Loi eudiakyt c trc quang m.
eucrite [5171] : eucrit.
1- Gabro rt basic bao gm ch yu
plagioclas calcit (bitaunit, anorthid) v pyroxen
xin, vi olivin dng khong vt ph. Hin
khng cn dng na. Tn gi do Rose a ra
nm 1864 cho cc ly t Hy Lp.
2- Thin thch chondrit bao gm ch yu
plagioclas calcit v pigoenit, c hm lng st
v calci cao hn ca howardit. Eucrit v ngun
gc c quan nim nh l thin thch anorthid-
augit.
eucryptite [5172] : eucryptit.
Khong vt h su phng khng mu hoc
trng: LiAlSiO4.
eudiagnostic [5173] : hin tinh, kt tinh r.
Kin trc ca (c bit l magma)
trong ton b cc khong vt to c hnh
dng v kch thc hon ton nh nhau. Danh t
ny bao hm c hai kin trc tinh th ln v tinh
th nh.
eudialyte [5174] : eudialyt.
Khong vt mu hng nht n -nu nht:
Na4 (Ca, Fe+2) ZrSi6O17 (OH, Cl)2, quang trc
dng. Ss: eucolite. n: barsanovite.
eudidymite [5175] : eudidymit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu trng:
NaBeSi3O7(OH), lng hnh vi epididymit.
eugenesis [5176] : qu trnh thnh y .
Giai on pht trin v cht ca vt cht hu
c c mt trong cc kt hch than. N c tip
ni theo th t syngenesis, diagenesis, v
epigenesis.
eugeogenous [5177] : eugeogenous.
1- D b phong ho.
2- cp ti loi c thnh to t s
phong ho mt khi lng ln mnh vn.
Ngn: dysgeogenous.
eugeosyncline [5178] : a mng thc.
L a mng c hot ng ni la i km vi
lng ng cc lp trm tch, b phn c hot
ng ni la ca a mng trc (a mng
nguyn thy-orthogeosyncline) nm xa craton.
Ss: miogeosyncline. X: ensimatic geosyncline.
n: pliomagmatic zone.
euglenoid [5179] : dng euglena.
Mt nhm Trng roi n bo c mt thc
qun, v c v mng tng i chc thay v v
vch.
eukaryote [5180] : sinh vt c nhn thc.
Mt nhm ln sinh vt c trng bi mt t
chc nguyn sinh cht phc hp, mt nhn dng
bng, v nhiu c quan t bo bo cht c
mng bao.
eulysite [5181] : eulysit.
Peridotit c cha fayalit giu mangan,
clinopyroxen, granat, magnetit v c kin trc
ht. t c s dng.
eulytite [5182] : eulytit.
Khong vt: Bi4Si3O12. n: eulytine; bismuth
blende; agricolite.
Eumalacostracan [5183] : Gip mm in
hnh (eumalacostraca). Formatted
ng vt V gip dng tm thuc mt phn
lp phn bit ch yu vi V gip gip mm
khc tnh cht khng c hai mnh ca mai, v
bi s c mt cc chi ngc hai nhnh vi mt
khp ni t gc. Tui: Devon gia n
ngy nay.
eupelagic deposit [5184] : tch t i dng
thc th.
Trm tch bin su trong di 25% cp
ht ln hn 5 micron l ngun lc a, ngun
ni la hoc neritic. Cc trm tch ny thng
hnh thnh xa lc a, gia ra lc a v ng
bng bin thm.
218
 euphotide [5185] : euphotid.
Gabro trong feldspar b sausurit ha.
Thut ng c s dng ng ngha vi gabro.
Hoa K thut ng ny khng dng na, nhng
vn c cc nh a cht Php s dng.
euretoid [5186] : b xng tia xin.
B xng ca Bt bin su tia
(Hexactinellina) gai li trong cc di gai
li c mt vi lp v khng song song vi b
mt Bt bin.
eurihaline [5187] : rng mn.
Cc sinh vt bin c th sng cc vng c
mn khc nhau.
eurite [5188] : eurit.
1- magma porphyrit ht mn c st c
cha cc ban tinh thch anh.
2- granit ht mn.
europium [5189] : europi (Eu).
Nguyn t ha hc s 63, nguyn t lng
151,9641; t trng 5,244 g/cm3, thuc nhm
REE kim loi nng, lithophil, c 2 ng v bn
v 36 ng v khng bn. Hm lng Eu trong
trong v lc a trn l 0,95 ppm. Cc
khong vt tiu biu l monazit, bastnaesit.
Phng php phn tch Er: ICP-MS. c s
dng trong cc ngnh cng nghip ht nhn,
laze, mn hnh tivi mu. v.v.
Euryapsida [5190] : Cung rng.
Mt phn lp ca B st, c trng l c mt
l m thi dng trn. Bao gm cc dng ln
bin nh Khng long c di (Plesiosaurus,
Nothosaurus) v Khng long rng phin
(Placodonta) cng nh cc dng cn nh hn
v t chuyn ho hn, c quan h khng xc
nh. Tui t: Permi sm n Creta.
eurybathic [5191] : rng su.
Cc sinh vt bin c th sng nhng su
rt khc nhau.
eurybiontic [5192] :
X: eurytropic.
eurygeographic [5193] : rng a l.
Cc loi thc vt hay ng vt c s phn b
a l rt rng.
euryplastic [5194] : thch nghi rng.
Cc sinh vt c kh nng ln t bin i v
thch nghi vi cc hon cnh mi trng rt
khc nhau, c kh nng phn d tin ha ln.
euryproct [5195] : c l thot rng.
Cc Bt bin c xoang trung tm hnh nn v
phn rng nht to thnh l thot.
Eurypterit [5196] : Cnh rng (Eurypterida).
ng vt Chn khp Ming t (Mero-
stomata) sng in hnh nc ngt hay nc
l thuc mt phn lp c trng mt thn phn
t hnh mi mc ko di, i khi chia ba thy,
v mt v chitin c mu hay t im dng vy.
Tui Ordovic n Permi.
eurypylous [5197] : c l phng rng.
Phng c lng roi Bt bin c mt l phng
rt rng. Deleted:
eurysiphonate [5198] : c siphon rng.
V Chn u Nautiloidea c siphon tng Deleted: h
i rng. Formatted
eurystalline [5199] : kt tinh, hin tinh.
eurythermal [5200] : rng nhit.
Cc sinh vt bin c th sng trong mt
khong nhit rng.
eurytopic [5201] : rng cnh.
Cc sinh vt tm thy trong nhiu ngoi cnh Deleted: a
khc nhau.
eurytropic [5202] : rng sinh. Deleted: b
Cc sinh vt c th sng trong nhng yu t
mi trng ring rt khc nhau. n: eurybiontic. Formatted
euspondyle [5203] : xp nhnh xon.
S sp xp u n cc nhnh theo hnh xon
trn c dc trc gia To v vi Dasycla-
daceae.
eustasy [5204] : dao ng mc nc bin v
i dng. Deleted: .
Dao ng mc nc bin i dng do s
thay i tuyt i lng nc bin, v d s dao
ng nc bin do bng tan.
eustratite [5205] : eustratit.
lamprophyr c st cha t ban tinh olivin,
hornblend, augit b gm mn v c th c
oligoclas, trong phn nn bao gm augit t hnh
v magnetit vi felspat, mica, thy tinh. Tn gi
cho cc o Haghios Eustratios trong bin
Aegean. t c s dng.
eutectic [5206] : eutecti, hin tng cng tinh.
H thng gm hai (hoc nhiu hn) pha rn
v pha lng m thnh phn ca chng c th
c biu din trong ni dung v s lng c
th ca cc pha rn cng tn ti mt im
khng thay i (ng p), chnh l nhit
nng chy ti thiu ca t hp cc pha rn. S
cung cp thm hoc s thot nhit gy nn s
tng gim t l ca cc pha lng hoc pha rn,
nhng khng lm thay i nhit ca ton h
thng hoc thnh phn ca mt pha no .
eutectic texture [5207] : kin trc cng tinh,
kin trc eutecti.
Mt mu gm hai hoc nhiu khong vt
mc xen nhau do kt tinh ng thi nh thch
anh v feldspar ca granit vn ch. Deleted: e
eutectoid texture [5208] : kin trc eutecti. Formatted
X: eutectic texture. Formatted
eutectophyre [5209] : cng ban tinh.
219
 magma dng tuf sng mu bao gm cc
tinh th thch anh v orthoclas an cho nhau.
n: eutectofelsite.
Eutheria [5210] : Th c nhau.
Mt phn lp ca Th, c trng l c nhau
thai. Gm hu ht cc dng ang sng, vi
khong 24 B. Tui: t Creta gia n nay.
eutrophication [5211] : giu cht dinh dng.
Hin tng mt ngun nc tr nn giu cht
dinh dng, c bit l cc hp cht nit (nitro)
(N), phosphor (P) mt cch t nhin hoc do tc
ng nhn to (bn phn ha hc, gy nhim)
to iu kin pht trin cc loi rong to. Nhng
s phn thnh qu mc ca rong to c th chn
p cc thc vt cao cp v ng vt thy sinh
(tm, c,...) khin chng khng th pht trin
ni hoc dit vong do thiu nh sng, oxy, cht
dinh dng v b nhim c.
euxenite [5212] : euxenit.
Khong vt mu nu nht - en :
(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6, ng hnh vi
polycras, tn ti trong pegmatit-granit.
evaluation [5213] : nh gi, nh gi,
c lng.
gt: evaluate.
evaluation of discovery [5214] : nh gi v
mt pht hin.
evansite [5215] : evansit.
Khong vt khng mu hoc trng sa n
nu hoc nu- nht: Al3(PO4)(OH)6.6H2O (?),
sc vng nht, xanh nc bin nht, hoc xanh
l cy nht. Evansit c th cha mt t uran
v thori.
evapocryst [5216] : tinh th do bc hi.
n tinh th ca khong vt nguyn sinh
trong ng phun kh t nhin. Ss: neocryst.
evapoporphyrocrystic texture [5217] : kin
trc bay hi.
Kiu kin trc ca cc trm tch hnh thnh
t qu trnh bc hi, trong cc tinh th
khong vt ln c khm trn nn ht mn hn.
evaporation [5218] : bc hi.
Qu trnh mt cht chuyn t dng lng sang
dng hi.
evaporation discharge [5219] : lng bc hi.
Lng nc mt i t i bo ha bng con
ng bc hi t t, t nc mt v thot hi
thc vt.
evaporite [5220] : evaporit, bc hi, bay hi;
trm tch mui.
Loi trm tch phi mnh vn c thnh
to nguyn sinh gm cc khong vt hnh thnh
t dung dch mui sau khi qu trnh bc hi kt
thc. V d thch cao, anhidrit, mui m,
dolomit nguyn sinh, v cc mui nitrat v
borat. i khi thut ng ny cn bao hm cc
c thnh to do qu trnh bin cht hoc vn
chuyn cc ngun gc bc hi khc.
n: evaporate, saline deposit, saline residue.
evaporite mineral [5221] : khong vt
evaporit, khong vt mui.
Mt khong vt c hnh thnh do qu trnh
bc hi; v d nh halit.
evaporite ratio [5222] : t s bc hi.
T l gia dy hoc hm lng ca cc
thnh to do qu trnh bc hi (anhydrit, thch
cao, mui) vi carbonat ( vi, dolomit)
trong mt mt ct a tng.
evapotranspiration [5223] : bc thot hi.
S chuyn nc t t vo kh quyn do bc
hi t t, t nc mt v thot hi thc vt.
eveite [5224] : eveit.
Khong vt: Mn2(AsO4)(OH).
evekite [5225] : evekit.
Khong vt hydro carbon: C21H44 lin quan
vi sp parafin: C21H42.
even crested ridge [5226] : sng ni cao
ln sng. Deleted: .
Mt trong nhng nh ni un np cao, nh
dy ni Apalase (Hoa K). Cc nh c nng
cao gn nh cng mt cao u nhau v ni
ln rng ng bng c ti thit bng cch lp
y thung lng v t ti cao cc ngn ni l
mt bn bnh nguyn.
evening emerald [5227] : emerald (emrt) x
bng. Deleted: .
Loi olivin (peridot hoc chrysolit) nhng
sc vng nht hn. Di nh sng nhn to th
c mu xanh l cy nht l loi qu.
n: night emerald.
event stratigraphy [5228] : a tng s kin.
Sp xp, phn loi v i snh a tng da
trn cc s kin a cht (ni la, chuyn ng
kin to, bin i t ngt mc nc bin, cc
s kin trm tch, sinh hc,...).
n: event stratinomy.
evolute [5229] : cun khng cht.
Cun lng lo, hoc c chiu hng khng
cun li, v d ni v v ca Trng l c cc
phng khng m ly nhau, mt v Chn bng
m cc vng cun khng tip xc nhau hay v
Chn u c cc vng cun chm t hay khng
chm ln nhau. Deleted: .
evolution [5230] : tin ha, thuyt tin ha.
S pht trin ca mt nhm sinh vt lin
quan v hng ti s hon thin, hoc s thch
nghi hon ton vi cc hon cnh mi trng
sinh sng ca chng; hc thuyt cho rng s
220
sng trn Tri t pht trin mt cch tun
t, t mt hay mt s t sinh vt n gin n
nhng sinh vt phc tp hn; s bin i tun t
thng xuyn v hnh thi v chc nng ca
sinh vt thuc nhng th h ni tip nhau t ng
b, cha m n con chu qua cc thi gian a
cht, lm cho nhng thnh vin mun nht ca
dy ni tip ny khc hn nhng thnh vin
sm nht.
ewaldite [5231] : ewaldit.
Khong vt: Ba (Ca, Y, Na, K) (CO3)2.
excavation [5232] : o h mng.
excavation design [5233] : thit k khai o.
excavation surface [5234] : mt h o, gm
thnh v y h o.
excess energy [5235] : nng lng d.
excess hydrostatic pressure [5236] : p lc
nc d.
p lc nc gia cc ht t vt qu p lc
thy tnh ca nc.
excess pore pressure [5237] : p sut l
rng d.
excess pressure [5238] : p lc o, p lc ln
hn trng thi tnh ban u.
exchange [5239] : trao i, giao lu.
exchange reaction [5240] : phn ng trao i.
Phn ng cn bng trong cc pha v hp
phn ca cc pha m trong tin trin cc kt
qu ca phn ng l khng thay i s lng
lin quan trong cc pha. Phn ng c th c
din tn nh s trao i trong mt b phn. N
c gi tr trong o a nhit k.
exchangeable ions [5241] : cc ion c th
trao i.
exhalant canal [5242] : knh thot.
Knh to nn h thng thot mt Bt bin.
ng vt Chn bng l loi knh to nn bi
mi ngoi v mi trong vch.
n: excurrent canal, apochete.
exhalant system [5243] : h thng thot nc.
Mt b phn ca h thng lu thng nc
Bt bin gia l phng roi v l thot, c
trng bi s chuyn nc ra ngoi qua cc
l thot.
exhalite [5244] : thot kh.
Loi trm tch ho hc thng cha cc
anion oxid, carbonat, hoc sulfua v cc cation
st, mangan, kim loi c bn, v vng c
thnh to t qu trnh thot ra ca cc dung th
ngun ni la xung y bin hoc vo bin.
exilazooecium [5245] : a hnh.
Loi nhiu dng Ru ng vt Mi hp
(Stenolaemata), theo mt ct ngang thng nh
hn cc bt mi, ch c i ngoi, cha t
hay khng cha vch honh, do ny sinh mt
phng ng k.
exine [5246] : exin. Deleted: e
Mng ngoi cng, rt bn vng gm hai lp
to thnh v ngoi bo t, hay ht phn. Hai lp
to nn exin l ektexin v endexin. Deleted: e
existing force [5247] : ti trng tc ng Deleted: e
ban u.
Deleted: d
exit gradient [5248] : gradient thy lc
u ra. Deleted: e
exite [5249] : thy ngoi ca chi.
Thy c ng c pha ngoi ca chi
ng vt Chn khp, nh l nhnh bn ca cc
t chi gc chn ba nhnh ng vt V gip,
hay thy ngoi hoc t ngoi ca chi hai nhnh
ca B ba thy.
exocoele [5250] : xoang ngoi.
Xoang gia cc i mng tia gip k mt
san h.
exodiagenesis [5251] : qu trnh to
ngoi sinh.
Thut ng c s dng ch qu trnh to
xy ra trong mi trng trn lc a v bin
nng. N c c trng bi s mt nc, s
ng t ca cc th keo, s pht trin nhanh ca
cc tinh th (ti kt tinh), s thnh to cc kt
hch v s bo tn cc c tnh kin trc ca
cc trm tch.
exogastric [5252] : c bng v ngoi, c bng
v lch trc.
Ni v v Chn u khi cun li th bng v
nm hoc gn cnh ngoi, hay mt lm ca
vng cun; ni v v Chn bng khi cun li th
c hng lch v pha trc ca ming.
exogenous dome [5253] : vm ngoi sinh.
Vm ni la c to nn bi s phun tro
trn b mt ca dung nham qunh, thng Deleted: ng ngha: excurrent canal,
thng t hng hoc ming ni la trung tm. apochete.
exoglyph [5254] : vt hn ngoi sinh; vt hn Formatted
c hc.
Vt hn xut hin trn b mt ca mt lp
trm tch.
exogyrate [5255] : v Exogyra.
C kiu v ging v Exogyra, mt Thn mm Deleted: e
hai mnh v dy c nh cun xon, mnh phi Deleted: t
phng, mnh tri rt phng.
exolutional [5256] : ng kt, ng cng.
Cc trm tch hoc trm tch c ng
cng t dung dch do qu trnh kt lng hoc
tch ng.
exomorphism [5257]: bin cht tip xc ngoi.
S bin i trong vy quanh c gy ra
bi nhit lng ln v cc c tnh khc ca
magma hoc dung nham ti tip xc vi chng,
221
theo ngha thng thng l bin cht tip
xc. n: exometamorphism; exomorphic; meta-
morphism.
exopinacoderm [5258] : lp t bo lt ngoi.
Lp t bo lt ph ln b mt t do ca mt
bt bin.
exopod [5259] : nhnh chi ngoi.
Nhnh pha ngoi ca mt chi ng vt V
gip, pht sinh t t gc. n: exopodite.
exopuncta [5260] : l thng ngoi.
L trn mt ngoi v ca Tay cun, thng
ch hn ch lp ngoi m khng bao gi thng
vo mt trong ca v.
exoskarn [5261] : ngoi skarn.
skarn c thnh to bi s thay th ca
vi hoc dolomit.
exoskeleton [5262] : b xng ngoi.
Mt khung v bo v nm bn ngoi cc
m c th ca mt ng vt, to nn mt lp
ph ngoi, v d v ca ng vt chn bng, hai
mnh, v.v. n: dermoskeleton.
exotheca [5263] : i ngoi vch.
i cc m bt nm bn ngoi vch thnh
ca san h su tia.
exotic [5264] : ngoi lai.
Sinh vt tng sinh sng mt cch t nhin
mt vng n c tr mt vng mi.
exotomous [5265] : chia nhnh pha ngoi,
ngoi phn.
c trng bi s phn nhnh thnh hai tay
chnh ca Hu bin, t li chia ra cc nhnh
ch pha bn ngoi.
exozone [5266] : i ngoi.
Nhng phn bn ngoi ca mt qun th Ru
ng vt Mi hp (Stenolaemata), c trng bi
cc thnh vch dy dng ng, s tp trung cc
cu trc xng ni c th v hng tng trng
c th theo gc ln so vi hng hay b mt
tng trng ca qun th. n: mature region.
expand [5267] : trng n.
V d t b trng n do ngm nc.
expansibility [5268] : kh nng trng n.
expansion [5269] : trng n.
expansion bolt [5270] : bu lng n.
Bu lng neo trong khi xy gm mt bu lng
vn trong mt hnh cn tch ra c. Khi vn
cht bu lng hnh cn n ra v p cht vo
l neo.
expansion breccia [5271] : dm kt dn n;
dm kt trng n.
Loi dm kt c thnh to t s tng th
tch do thay i thnh phn ho hc, do qu
trnh ti kt tinh hoc do qu trnh thy ho.
expansive force [5272] : lc trng n.
expansive soils [5273] : t trng n.
Thuc loi t c vn , thng gy kh
khn cho k thut cng trnh, vi cc tnh cht
c l, nht l sc bn, c th bin i rt mnh
khi hm lng nc thay i, d gy s c cho
cc cng trnh nh ng x, p,
nn mng, v.v.
expectation [5274] : k vng. Deleted: .
S ln xut hin thng k ca mt quan st Deleted: :
cho trc vi mt s php th, n th hin xc
Formatted
sut xut hin quan st trn cho mt s ln php
th quy nh.
expenses (expendures) on geological
prospecting [5275] : chi ph cng tc thm d
a cht, chi ph a cht, chi ph thm d.
Tng kinh ph tnh bng tin thc hin
cng tc a cht.
experimental [5276] : th nghim, thc
nghim.
experimental petrology [5277] : thch lun
thc nghim. Deleted: :
Mt nhnh ca thch lun gn lin vi vic
nghin cu trong phng th nghim ca cc phn
ng nhm mc ch lm sng t cc qu trnh
to . Ni dung bao gm cc thc nghim c
lin quan ti cc c trng vt l hoc ha l
Deleted: g
ca cc khong vt, cc , cc dung th, hi,
kh hoc dung dch cng tn ti vi cc vt liu Deleted: ch
rn hoc nng chy.
expert system [5278] : h chuyn gia. Deleted: .
Chng trnh my tnh cha nhiu kin thc
ca mt s chuyn gia trong mt lnh vc xc
nh, dng tr gip cho nhng ngi khng
chuyn nghip khi h phi gii quyt cc vn
thuc lnh vc ny. Cc h chuyn gia thng
cha mt c s kin thc, c din t di
dng mt lot cc quy tc IF/THEN (Nu/Th) Deleted: (
v mt phng tin rt ra cc suy lun t c
s kin thc. H thng ny nhc bn cung cp
Deleted: :
cc thng tin cn thit xm nhp vo tnh
hung v dn n mt kt lun. Hu ht cc h Formatted
chuyn gia u din t cc kt lun vi tin
cy c th thay i t c on, n suy lun c
c s v n kt lun chc chn.
exploit [5279] : khai thc, khai khn; bc lt,
li dng.
Lng nc di t c th ly c t mt Deleted: l
tng cha nc mt cch hp l v mt kinh t-
k thut bng nhng cng trnh thu nc theo
ch khai thc quy nh v duy tr c cht
lng nc trong sut thi gian s dng nc.
exploitation [5280] : khai thc.
exploitation permit [5281] : giy php
khai thc.
exploration [5282] : thm d, kho st
222
 hin trng.
X: site investigation.
exploration boring [5283] : khoan tm kim-
thm d.
exploration crew [5284] : i tm kim
thm d.
exploration expenses [5285] : chi ph iu tra
thm d.
exploration permit [5286] : giy php tm
kim thm d.
explorer [5287] : chng trnh qun l h
thng file.
explosion breccia [5288] : dm kt bng n,
dm kt ni la.
Mt kiu dm kt ni la c hnh thnh t
s phun n ca ni la. n: eruption breccia;
pyroclastic breccia.
explosion caldera [5289] : caldera n, ming
ni la n.
Mt kiu caldera (ming ni la) c thnh
to do n tung phn trn ca nn ni la; thng
rt him gp v kch thc nh.
explosion crater [5290] : ming ni la.
1- Ming ni la dng a ti hnh nn c
thnh to bng thc nghim bi s n ca vt
liu ht nhn hoc s n ha hc.
2- Ming ni la thin thch c hnh thnh
bi s va p c tc cc ln (siu tc).
3- Ming ni la, nh ni la dng khin
(maar).
explosion seismology [5291]: n mn a chn.
explosion tuff [5292] : tuf vn ni la.
Loi tuf m thnh phn vn ni la trong
c hnh thnh ti chnh ni chng ri
xung sau s phun n ca ni la.
explosive bomb [5293] : bom bng n.
Bom dng v bnh m, vng ra cc mnh v
ca chng do s n tip tc ca phn bn trong
sau khi phn v c ng cng.
explosive eruption [5294] : phun tro bng n.
S phun tro hoc pha phun tro c c
trng bi s thot nng lng ca cc vt liu
vn ni la.
explosive index [5295] : ch s bng n.
T l phn trm ca vn ni la so vi tng
sn phm ca phun tro ni la.
explosive-rock interaction, elastic models
[5296] : m hnh n hi v tng tc gia cht
n-.
explosives [5297] : cht n.
exponential distribution [5298] : phn b theo
hm m.
exposed aggregate [5299] : ra, ct liu
trang tr.
Mt phng php hon thin trang tr cho b
tng. Cc ct liu c l r bng cch ra b Deleted: r
cc lp va xi mng khi b mt trc khi n Deleted: z
ng cng hoc ct liu c vy gn ln b
tng lc cn t.
exposed dispersion haloes [5300] : vnh phn
tn h.
X: secondary dispersion haloes.
expression [5301] : biu thc.
exsolution [5302] :
Qu trnh trong dung dch cng ng nht
ban u tch ra thnh hai (hoc c th nhiu
hn) pha kt tinh ring bit khng c s thm
vo hoc chuyn i ca vt cht, c ngha l
khng c s thay i thnh phn tng th. Nhn
chung, mc d khng thit yu, qu trnh ny
thng xy ra trong s ngui lnh.
exsurgence [5303] : ngun nc hang ng. Deleted: .
Ngun nc tro ra t hang ng karst. Deleted: ; nc chy vo hang ng do
n: kasrt spring. thm qua vi lt di
extensiform [5304] : dng dui ngang. Deleted: .
Bt thuc b Graptoloidea c hai nhnh Deleted: T
nm dui ngang, v d ging Didymograptus.
extension [5305] : ko di, m rng. Deleted: .
S ko di chiu di ca sui do xm thc Deleted: a
u ngun v s pht trin thm cc chi lu
(sng nhnh); hoc do bin li hoc do vng ven Deleted: b
bin c nng cao.
extensometer [5306] : cng k. Deleted: c
Thc o cng dn, tc bin i v kch
thc ca vt th khi cht/(d) ti.
exterior wall [5307] : thnh ngoi.
Mt thnh vch ca c th Ru ng vt
lm cho thn ca c th v qun th ni rng ra.
N bao gm lp cuticul ngoi cng.
external drainage [5308] : mng sng sui
ngoi lu. Deleted: .
Mng sng sui thot nc ra bin v i
dng mt cch trc tip hoc gin tip.
external furrow [5309] : rnh ngoi.
Rnh hay ng lm dc trc, nng, dng
tuyn nm trn b mt ngoi v Trng thoi, pht
sinh t im hp nht gia cc phng gip nhau
v tng ng v v tr vi mt vch ngn, v chia
b mt ngoi thnh ni hnh qu da.
external lobe [5310] : thy ngoi, thy bng.
Thy nm gn pha bng ca vng cun v
Chn u.
external mould [5311] : khun ngoi.
Khun hay vt in ca bao quanh, cho thy
dng b mt v cc t im ca phn cng bn
ngoi ha thch.
external suture [5312] : ng khu ngoi.
Phn ng khu v cun ca Chn u l
223
ra bn ngoi vng cun.
external work in finite element method
[5313] : cng do ngoi lc thc hin.
Khi nim o dng trong phng php phn
t hu hn.
extinct volcano [5314] : ni la tt.
Ni la hin nay khng cn hot ng v
c quan nim s khng phun n na trong
tng lai.
extinction [5315] : tuyt chng.
S bin mt hon ton ca mt loi hay mt
taxon cao hn trn mt Tri t.
extinction angle [5316] : gc tt.
Gc to bi mt trc no ca quang sut
th vi mt phng c trng no ca
tinh th.
extraclast [5317] : vn ngoi lai.
Mnh vn trm tch vi hnh thnh do qu
trnh bo mn mt loi c hn ngoi phm
vi vng m n c tch t.
extraction [5318] : khai thc.
extraction ratio [5319] : h s thu hi qung.
T l gia lng (th tch) qung thu c
trn tng lng (th tch) t khai o.
extraction scheme [5320] : s thu
hi qung.
extratentacular budding [5321] : ny tri
ngoi xc tu.
S to thnh cc polyp san h su tia
(Scleractinia) mi bn ngoi vng cc xc tu
bao quanh ming c th m.
extraumbilical aperture [5322] : l ming
ngoi rn.
L ming phng cui ca v Trng l
khng lin h g vi rn, thng khong gia
rn v chu vi.
extrazooidal skeleton [5323] : b xng
ngoi .
Cu trc bo v v nng qun th Ru
ng vt, khi pht trin th bo tn li bn ngoi
cc ranh gii ca c th trong sut i sng
ca qun th.
extreme [5324] : cc tr, cc oan.
extremely coarsely crystalline [5325] : kt
tinh ht cc th.
Mt kiu kin trc an xen ca trm tch
carbonat vi cc tinh th khong vt c ng
knh ln hn 4mm.
extrusion [5326] : phun tro, xuyn ln,
n ln.
S phun tro ca dung nham tng i nht
ln b mt Tri t, cng nh, ni v cc
c thnh to.
extrusive [5327] : phun tro, xuyn ln,
n ln.
magma phun tro ln trn b mt Tri
t. Cc phun tro bao gm cc dng dung
nham v vt liu mnh vn ni la nh tro ni
la. n: effusive; volcanic; eruptive.
exuvia [5328] : xc ( lt).
Ton b hay b phn ca b v ngoi ng Deleted: .
vt chn khp lt ra. Sn : exuviae.
exuviation [5329] : thay vch.
S loi b vch Trng hai lng roi
(Dinoflagellta) hoc tng tm mt, hoc vi
tm mt.
eye [5330] : mt (cs).
B phn dng vng mt ci mc ca Hi
sm, i khi b che i mt phn bi mt g
ngang. Cng l u dng vng ca mt gai mt
Hi sm.
eye tubercle [5331] : mu mt.
Mt mu li trn, trong sut v nhn vng
trc v trn lng v Ostracoda, v trn vng
m mt B ba thy, to nn thu knh ca mt.
eye-and eyebrow structure [5332] : cu trc
hnh mt.
c trng ca ryolit c cha cc th thch
anh hnh li lim cng vi cc th thch anh
dng ht u pha mt lm; mt li hng ln
pha mi ca dng chy.
eyestalk [5333] : cung mt.
Mt trong nhng cung c ng c V
gip Mi chn (Decapoda) mang mt con mt Deleted: .
u pha ngoi. n: ophthalmite.
eylettersite [5334] : eyletersit.
Khong vt nhm crandalit :
(Th, Pb)1-x Al3 (PO4, SiO4)2 (OH)6 (?).
ezcurrite [5335] : ezcurit.
Khong vt h ba nghing : Na4B10O17.7H2O,
lng hnh vi nasinit.
eztlite [5336] : eztlit.
Khong vt:
Fe6 Pb2 (TeO3)3 TeO6 (OH)10 .8H2O.
224
 fabianite [5337] : fabianit.
Khong vt h n nghing: CaB3O5(OH).
F 2- Phn gii hn khu vc c kh nng o v
fabric [5338] : kin trc.
fabric analysis [5339] : phn tch kin trc.
Thng c s dng ng ngha vi thch
lun kin trc (structural petrology). Trong mt
s trng hp, tuy nhin, thut ng ny c th
quy vo phn hnh hc ca vic nghin cu khi
qut nht ca phn tch kin trc.
fabric soil [5340] : kt cu t, cu trc t.
face [5341] : mt, b mt, mt phng.
Mt chnh, mt ch yu hoc mt a hnh.
face position [5342] : v tr gng hm.
facet [5343] : mt; b mt nh, mt nh, mt
tam gic.
1- (m) B mt gn nh phng trn do
bo mn; do gi thi trn vng ct, do bng
tch nghin vn hoc do sng sui vn chuyn
vt liu cc tng hoc cui sn t u ngun v;
mt nghing vi dc 50o so vi hng; Bt
k mt phng no c hnh thnh do xm thc
hoc do hot ng t gy v ct dc chung
ca a hnh.
2- (cs) B mt gn phng trn mt phin Da
gai c tc dng lm khp ni vi cc yu t b
xng tip gip, v d mt bm chi tay; mt
din li nh hnh trn hay bu dc nm trong
mt ci rnh Da gai Phao vng (Cyclocy-
stoidea) v ni vi h chn mt; B ba thy l
mt b mt nhn v nh, pht trin vng
trc-bn ca khin ui v sn ngc.
facial suture [5344] : ng khu mt.
Mt trong hai ng khu i xng i vi
nhau, tch ra khi B ba thy lt xc, ko di t
mp trc ca khin u bao quanh mt, ri i
ra mp bn hay xung mp sau. N phn tch
m t do vi m c nh.
facies [5345] : din, mt; tng .
1- Cc c tnh ca mt loi thng phn
nh iu kin ngun gc thnh to ca n.
ca mt n v thch a tng c khc nhau v
thnh phn thch hc hoc c sinh vt so vi
cc lp khc c thnh to ng thi v trong
s lin tc v thch hc.
3- Mt kiu bit lp tng ng vi mt
mi trng thnh to nht nh, v d nh
"tng trm tch mu ", "tng phin
st en".
4- Mt thc th trm tch c phn bit
trn c s thnh phn sinh vt ho . Deleted: .
5- Mi trng hoc khu vc m mt
loi c thnh to, v d "tng phong
thnh", tng ni la", "tng ct y".
6- Cc c phn nh trn c s ti liu
c a l hoc c kin to. Deleted: a)
7- Cc c thnh to trong nhng iu
kin nhit -p sut nht nh.
facies change [5346] : bin i tng, thay
i tng. Deleted:
S thay i cc c im thch hc hoc c Deleted:
sinh theo chiu ngang hoc chiu ng ca Formatted
nhng thnh to trm tch cng tui to nn do
Deleted: b)
(hoc phn nh) s thay i mi trng
trm tch.
facies fossil [5347] : ha thch tng.
Ha thch thng thuc mt loi hay mt
ging n c tn ti hn ch trong mt tng
a tng nht nh hoc thch nghi sng
trong mt mi trng hn ch v c th tn ti
trong vi mt cht thay i trong mt
khong thi gian di, v d ging Halobia tui
Trias mun ty Bc B.
facies tract [5348] : t hp cng sinh tng, Deleted: cng ngun gc
nhm tng.
Mt h thng cc tng trm tch khc nhau,
nhng c mi lin quan ngun gc vi nhau v
cng tui thnh to. n: macrofacies.
faciostratotype [5349] : stratotyp tng,
chun a tng tng.
Chun a tng ph tr dng ch cc
225
tng khc nhau ca khu vc, phn bit cc
iu kin sinh thi khc nhau tn ti trong cng
thi gian ca phn v thch a tng.
factor [5350] : yu t, tha s, h s.
factor analysis [5351] : phn tch nhn t.
Phng php thng k ton hc kim
nh gi thit v nh hng ca cc nhn t
khc nhau n i lng ngu nhin ang c
nghin cu. M hnh trnh by nh hng ca
cc nhn t di dng tuyn tnh, c to ra
v c cng nhn rng ri. Th tc phn tch
s dn ti cc php c lng nh phng php
bnh phng nh nht. Ty theo c trng ca
cc nhn t m chia ra ba loi phn tch nhn
t: phn tch phng sai, phn tch hi quy v
phn tch hip phng sai hay phn tch tng
quan. Phn tch phng sai c tin hnh khi
cc nhn t c chia thnh cc nhm nh
tnh, nh khi nghin cu nh hng ca nhn t
kin to c th phn cp: munda, cnh, vm
nh. Phn tch hi quy c dng kim nh
gi thit, khi cc nhn t c c trng nh
lng (nh nh hng chiu su th nm ca
tng n hm lng cht c ch trong qung).
Phng php phn tch hip phng sai hay
phn tch tng quan c dng khi mi b
phn cc nhn t c trnh by mt cch nh
lng, mt b phn khc li c trnh by
thnh cc nhm nh tnh. Gn y m hnh
trong u cha bit cc nhn t, c ph
bin kh rng ri. Cc nhn t ny c khi
phc bng cch khai trin ma trn hip phng
sai hay ma trn tng quan. Nhn t cn phn
tch s c biu din mt cch tuyn tnh qua
cc i lng ngu nhin ban u.
factor of safety (safety factor) [5352] : h s
an ton.
H s dng trong thit k nhm to ra mt
khong an ton, khng gy ra ph hy hng v
h hng cc kt cu quan trng. H s an ton
tnh n cc kh nng c th xy ra nh:
khng chnh xc v iu kin ti trng, cng
tc kim tra cht lng vt liu cha tha ng,
cng tc thi cng khng hon ho v l thuyt
tnh ton kt cu cn mc gn ng. H s an
ton khng cho php v khng chp nhn cc
sai s trong tnh ton bng s.
facultative [5353] : thch nghi ty tin
Mt sinh vt c th trng thnh trong mt
s hon cnh c trng; c th thch nghi vi
nhng mi trng xen nhau.
faecal pellet [5354] : vn cc cn.
Th vn cc l cht thi ca sinh vt.
faecal streptococci [5355] : faecal streptococi Deleted: o
Mt s loi streptococci hiu kh v c kh Deleted: i
nng ym kh c khng nguyn nhm
D.Lancefield thng c tr rut gi ca ngi Deleted: .
v ng vt. S c mt ca chng trong nc Deleted: l
ngay c khi khng c E.coli chng t nc b
nhim do phn.
faheyite [5356] : faheyit.
Khong vt h su phng mu trng:
(Mn,Mg)Fe2+3 Be2(PO4)4.6H2O.
Fahrenheit scale [5357] : thang nhit F,
thang nhit Fahrenheit.
Thang nhit c dng ch yu Hoa
K. Khi mi c a ra s dng, thang ny ly
im 0 l nhit ng bng ca nc v mui
v ly im 100 l nhit mu ca c th
ngi. Hin nay, thang ny c xc nh bng
o
nhit ng bng ca nc (+32 F) v im
o
si ca nc (+212 F). Mun chuyn sang
o
Celsius, ta ly F tr i 32 ri chia cho 1,8.
failure [5358] : ph hy, ph hng, ph hoi.
1- Trng thi ca vt liu khi lc ct vt Deleted: a)
qu trng thi gii hn.
2- Thng c hiu l xy ra (hoc bt u Deleted: b)
xy ra) trong t khi n t sc bn cc i.
V mt k thut, ph hy thng c hiu l
xy ra khi t khng th chng mt cch
tho ng lc tc ng ln n hoc thc thi mt
cch trn vn cc chc nng k thut ca n
na. Cch hiu ny khng ch bao gm nhng
khi nim nh sc bn cc i hay kh nng
chu ti ca t , m c nhng chc nng
khc ca cng trnh, v d nh kh nng chn
gi nc i vi p hoc ng hm chu p.
Trong mt s trng hp, bin dng qu mc
c th l mt tiu chun ph hp hn xc
nh ph hy.
3- Thng bo xut hin khi my tnh khng
thc hin c mt lnh no ca
ngi dng.
failure condition [5359] : trng thi ph hy,
iu kin ph hy.
failure controlled by two surfaces [5360] :
ph hy gii hn bi hai mt phng.
Thng dng trong c hc , khi hai mt
khe nt giao ct nhau to nn mt khi nm c
th b dch trt, ph hy dc theo hai mt
phng .
failure criterion [5361] : tiu chun ph hy.
iu kin c hc ti vt liu rn b ph
226
hy do tch, nt, hoc b bin dng qu mt
gii hn no . Thng th tiu chun ph hy
c biu th bng cc khi nim ng sut, bin
dng, tc thay i ng sut, tc thay i
bin dng hoc bng t hp cc thng s trn.
failure envelope (Mohr) [5362] : ng bao
ph hy (Mohr).
Do Mohr xut ln u tin nm 1776 trn
c s cc th nghim nn p mu t, . Trong
h ta vi trc tung l ng sut ct v trc
honh l ng sut php tuyn tc ng ln b
mt ph hy ca mu, ng bao Mohr l
ng tip tuyn vi tt c cc ng trn ng
sut. Nhng ng trn ny ct trc honh ti 2
im ng vi cc gi tr 3 (ng sut bao
quanh) v 1 (ng sut dc trc), vi tm ti
[(1+3)/2; 0] v bn knh bng (1-3)/2. V l
thuyt, ng bao Mohr l ng cong. Ngi
ta xc nh n mt cch gn ng bng mt
ng thng trn c s tiu chun sc bn ct
do Coulomb xut ln u tin nm 1776. Do
vy, ng bao Mohr nhiu khi cn c gi l
ng bao Mohr-Coulomb, ct trc tung ti mt
im c gi tr c gi quy c l lc dnh kt
C ca t, . dc ca ng bao xc nh
gc ni ma st , ca t .
fairbankite [5363] : fairbankit.
Khong vt: PbTeO3, lng hnh vi
plumbotelurit.
fairchildite [5364] : fairchildit.
Khong vt: K2Ca(CO3)2, do g b t chy
tit ra to thnh.
fairfieldite [5365] : fairfieldit.
Khong vt h ba nghing mu trng, vng
nht hoc trng-xanh nht:
Ca2(Mn,Fe)(PO4)2.2H2O, ng hnh vi
colinsit.
Fairhurst equation [5366] : phng trnh
Fairhurst.
Do Fairhurst xut nm 1964 biu din
ng bao ph hy ca .
fairy stone [5367] : p.
1- Tinh th song tinh dng ni ca staurolit
lm qu. Thut ng cng dng ng ngha
vi staurolit, v c bit cho dng tinh th
song tinh.
2- Loi kt hch d dng ca vi hoc st
trong st aluvi.
3- Ha thch nhm bin.
4- Khong vt hnh mi tn.
falcate [5368] : hnh li lim.
Cong li hnh li lim, v d g t im
v ca Chn u.
falcifer [5369] : mc dng phin.
Mc tay ca Tay cun c dng phin rng
xut hin trn cnh lng ca phin bn l v
nh v pha mnh lng.
fall [5370]:thc nc, h thp lng ma (m). Formatted
chnh lch mc nc gia hai pha ca Deleted: .
p trn hay gia hai im trn mt dng sng; Deleted: ...
S h thp mc nc ti mt im trn sng
Deleted: S h thp (s gim);
trong mt thi gian xc nh.
Deleted: Lng ma
fallback [5371] : mnh vn.
Vt liu dng mnh vn c tung ra t s
va p mnh hoc t ming ni la phun n
trong qu trnh hnh thnh v ti trm ng bn
trong, v mt phn lp y chnh ming ni la
thng tip ngay sau s thnh to chng, bao
gm trm tch tm mng-khi, vt liu sn
tch v bi ni la.
fallback breccia [5372] : dm kt mnh vn Deleted:
ngoi lai.
Loi dm kt ngoi lai c thnh phn l cc
vt liu do qu trnh v to nn; Dm kt
ngoi lai bao gm cc vt liu mnh vn ngun
ni la phun n hoc do va p (fall back).
falling [5373] : ri, , l.
Ri, l , mt dng ph hy t, (ch
yu ).
falling dune [5374] : cn ct st l. Deleted: .
Tch t ct do gi thi t ni nh phng
hoc qua sn dc, ni dng ng v to thnh
tng cng, nghing mt gc vi pha i din
ct kh hoc to thnh qut ct ko di xung
di t pha vch nh trn ln vo.
falling head permeameter [5375] : thit b th
nghim h s thm ca t vi ct nc
thay i.
falling head test [5376] :
Th nghim xc nh thm thu ca t,
vi ct nc cp pha trn mu h thp dn Deleted: ...
do nc thm qua mu chy xung di m
Deleted: t
khng c b sung thm.
X: constant head test. Deleted: a
falling market [5377] : th trng st gi.
fallout breccia [5378] : dm phun n.
Loi dm kt ngoi lai c thnh phn l cc
vt liu phun n t ming ni la. Thng l Deleted: b
cc vt liu phun n cui cng c tch ng
v c cha mt lng nh cc mnh vn thy Deleted: c
tinh v c kch thc mnh vn nht nh.
Deleted: d
false bedded [5379] : phn lp gi tng.
false diamond [5380] : kim cng gi.
227
 Khong vt khng mu (nh zircon, saphir
trng, topaz trng v thch anh), khi ct v mi
bng ging mt kim cng.
false form [5381] : gi hnh.
Khong vt kt tinh thnh mt dng khc
hn so vi dng kt tinh thng c ca khong
vt ny.
false galena [5382] : gi galen.
X: sphalerite.
false mud crack [5383] : vt nt gi bn.
Kiu cu to trm tch tng t nh cc vt
nt trn bn, nh nhng hnh a gic thnh to
trong t hoc mng li to c, v.v.
false oolith [5384] : gi trng c.
Cu to gi trng c. n: pseudo-oolith.
false topaz [5385] : topaz gi.
1- Loi thch anh trong, mu vng ging
mu topaz. c bit citrin.
2- Loi mu vng ca fluorit.
falun [5386] : falun.
Loi st vi c thnh phn l tch t mnh
vn v sinh vt c ct cha c gn kt.
Famennian [5387] : Famen, Famenni (t).
Bc do Dumont (1895) xc lp theo a danh
Famenn B, l bc ca thi a tng quc t,
phn trn cng ca Devon (nm trn Fransni,
nm di Tournaisi).
family [5388] : h.
1- n v c bn ca lot magma.
2- (cs) V sinh thi l mt qun x ch gm
mt loi sinh vt, thng chim mt din tch
nh v i din cho mt giai on sm ca mt
din th; trong phn loi hc ng vt v thc
vt nm gia b v lp. Trong ng vt hc, tn
ca mt h kt thc bng -idae, v d
Favositidae; trong thc vt- kt thc bng -
aceae, v d Rubiaceae.
fan [5389] : nn phng vt, qut bi tch.
1- Vt liu vn nh sn thoi, c dng hnh
qut c mt ct ca hnh nn rt thp thng
ni nghing gim mt cch trng thy; c
bit l qut bi tch.
2- Vt liu dung nham ngui lnh c dng
hnh qut to thnh ni sn dc bng cch
lin tc thay i hng chy ca lava.
fan bay [5390] : nh qut.
Phn nh u ca qut bi tch ko di vo
thung lng ni.
fan coral [5391] : san h dng qut.
Qun th san h c hnh qut.
fan delta [5392] : tam gic chu hnh qut,
chu th hnh qut.
Lp bi tch hi dc c hnh thnh ti mt
vng ni c sui chy vo min t trng; chu
th dng hnh qut.
fan shaped delta [5393] : chu th c dng
qut bi tch. Deleted: .
fan topped pediment [5394] : ng bng
gc hnh qut c bi tch. Deleted: .
ng bng gc trc ni (hay pediment)
c ph lp bi tch dy 15-60m, c dng hnh
qut. Lp ph dng qut bi tch c th mng
hn do s thay i kh hu v mt s iu kin
khng ch khc.
fancy sapphire [5395] : saphir trang sc. Deleted: .
Saphir c mu sc xanh p hn cc loi
khc, thnh thong bao gm c saphir khng Deleted: (pseudo-oolith)
mu v saphir mu .
fanglomerate [5396] : fanglomerat, cui tch Deleted: a
hnh qut. Deleted: m
Loi trm tch cha cc mnh vn tt c Deleted: b
cc c ht, khng ng nht, b nc ra tri,
c tch t ti mt qut bi tch, sau c
gn kt thnh rn chc.
fanhead [5397] : nh qut bi tch. Deleted: .
Phn hay khu vc trn qut bi tch gn
nh qut.
faratsihite [5398] : faratsihit. Deleted: Chu u.
Khong vt st vng nht:
(Al,Fe)2Si2O5(OH)4, c quan h vi loi cha
st ca kaolinit, hp cht ca kaolinit v
montronit, v ging vi nontronit.
farinaceous [5399] : bt, nh bt.
cp ti kin trc hoc cu to ca mt
loi hoc trm tch dng bt, b ri, v d
nh loi vi hay bn bin khi.
farreoid [5400] : mng xng ngang.
B xng ca Bt bin su tia (Hexactinel-
lida) gai li trong cc di gai su tia thy
mt lp n nm song song vi b mt Bt Deleted: .
bin. Deleted: a)
farringtonite [5401] : faringtonit.
Khong vt thin thch khng mu,
trng-sp hoc vng: Mg3(PO4)2.
farrisite [5402] : farisit. Deleted: b)
su va, ht mn bao gm cc khong vt
melilit nguyn sinh chim khong mt phn ba
, v barkevikit, vi mt lng nh biotit, Deleted: .
olivin v magnetit. Feldspar v nephelin thng
b thay th hon ton bi zeolit. Tn bt
ngun t h Farris qun oslo, Na Uy. t c
s dng.
farsundite [5403] : farsundit.
Granit cha hypersten v hornblend ca lot
228
charnokit. Tn gi ch cc vng Farsund,
Na Uy. t c s dng.
fasciculate [5404] : dng chm.
Xp sp thnh chm, v d nh mt b
xng san h c cc san h hnh ng tch ri
nhau, nhng lin kt vi nhau bi cc ng ni,
hoc kiu g t im v Chn u dng Cc
, trong cc g chm li vi nhau gn
ra rn.
fasciole [5405] : di gai lng t, di g.
Mt di phn b dy cc gai lng t ng
vt Da gai, nht l mt di hp cc mu nh
mang cc gai lng t mc dy trn v trn
ca mt s Cu gai; v Chn bng l mt di
to nn b cc lm hay rnh hp, hoc cc g
dng phin ca cc ng tng trng ni
tip nhau.
fasibitikite [5406] : fasobititkit.
Granit ribeckit-acmit mu va, cha eucolit
v zircon. Tn gi bt ngun t a danh
ampasibitika Malagasy. t c s dng.
fasinite [5407] : fasinit.
Melteigit ht th cha titanaugit v nephelin
nh l cc thnh phn khong vt ch yu cng
vi feldspar kim, olivin v biotit. c thnh
phn ha hc tng t berondrit v khc bit
vi bekinkinit bi s vng mt ca hornblend
v analcim. Thut ng ny t c s dng.
fassaite [5408] : fasait.
Loi pyroxen mu xanh nht n xanh m
cha nhm thay th silic:
(Ca, Mg,Fe3+,Al,Ti)(Si,Al)2O6.
fastigate [5409] : vt hai bn.
V ca Chn u dng Cc c mt bng
vt hai bn dng mi nh lm cho vnh ngoi
ca v sc cnh, nhng khng c g sng.
fat clay [5410] : st bo.
Loi st kt dnh c do cao, cha mt
hm lng ng k cc khong vt to nn nh
m. Loi st ny rt cng chc khi kh, nhng
rt kh nho nn khi t. n: long clay.
fatigue [5411] : lm cho km chu ng,
lm mi.
Th nghim, gim bn ca vt liu bng
gia ti lp li.
faujasite [5412] : faujasit.
Khong vt zeolit h lp phng:
(Na3,Ca) Al2Si4O12.6H2O. Ss: gmelinite.
fault [5413] : t gy.
L cc cu trc dp v, ph hy theo
xy ra dch chuyn c th nhn bit c. C
th xc nh c t gy cn c vo s dch
chuyn tng i ca hai pha ca b mt
t gy. Chiu dch chuyn thng c dng
phn loi t gy. t gy c th rt ln
hoc kh nh. Chng c th cha cc loi vt
liu mm yu nh st, dm kt kin to hoc
cc mnh vn . B mt t gy thng c du
hiu trt hoc c th c ph bi mt s
khong vt nh graphit, clorit c sc bn ma st Deleted:
thp. X: discontinuity.
fault block mountain [5414] : ni to thnh
do t gy. Deleted: .
X: block-mountain.
fault boundary [5415] : ranh gii t gy,
phm vi t gy.
fault breccia [5416] : dm kt kin to. Deleted: .
Loi dm kt kin to c thnh phn l
nhng mnh vn gc cnh hnh thnh t qu
trnh v vn, dch chuyn ca cc trong thi
gian t gy hot ng. n: dislocation
breccia.
fault cliff [5417] : sn t gy, vch t gy. Deleted: .
Vch ng hoc sn dc ng thnh to do
hot ng t gy.
fault fold [5418] : un np-t gy.
fault line saddle [5419] : o yn nga do
t gy. Deleted: .
o c to ra do qu trnh xm thc sng
ni (ti ni c t gy i qua) mt cch
nhanh chng.
fault line scarp [5420] : sn dc do t gy. Deleted: .
1- Sn dc hoc vch dc ng c thnh Deleted: a)
to do qu trnh xm thc phn d dc theo
ng t gy. Cc mm xp mt bn
cnh t gy b xm thc nhanh hn so vi cc
bn vng, c sc khng ln cnh bn kia
ca t gy.
2- Cnh treo hay vch ng c thnh to Deleted: b)
do qu trnh xm thc. Ngha ny t dng hn
v thng thng vch ng khng nh v ngay
trn ng t gy.
fault saddle [5421] : o yn nga do t gy. Deleted: .
Mt kiu o (hay o yn nga) qua nh
ni, c hnh thnh do s dch chuyn thc s
ca nh sng ni bng t gy. Deleted:
fault scarp [5422] : sn dc ng, sn
t gy. Deleted: .
1- Sn dc ng hoc vch ng c Deleted: a)
thnh to do dch chuyn thng ng dc theo
t gy.
2- Bt k vch ng no lin quan ti t Deleted: b)
gy, cho d a hnh c th b xm thc.
229
 fault spring [5423] : mch l t t gy.
fault terrace [5424] : thm t gy.
Mt di t hp, khng u, ging bc thm
nm gia hai cnh t gy, c hnh thnh
trn sn i do hot ng t gy dng bc,
trong cnh trc v mt pha so vi hai t
gy gn nh song song vi nhau.
fault valley [5425] : thung lng t gy.
Min trng c dng tuyn c hnh thnh
do hot ng t gy, v d mt thung lng hp
trong phm vi i t gy chnh bng cch st
ln cc lp hp.
faulted [5426] : b t gy ph hy.
faulted area [5427] : din tch t gy
ph hy.
faulting [5428] : t gy, to t gy.
fauna [5429] : h ng vt.
Ton b qun x ng vt, cn sng hay ha
thch, ca mt vng, mt mi trng, mt h
tng hay mt qung thi gian nht nh.
faunal disversity [5430] : tnh a dng
ng vt.
Tnh a dng ca mt h ng vt, i khi
c dng mt cch chnh xc biu th s
lng cc loi tnh theo t l.
faunal dominance [5431] : u th ca h
ng vt.
S u th m s phn trm ca mt qun c
c to nn bi nhng loi chung nht.
faunal province [5432] : tnh ng vt.
Mt vng a l c trng bi mt phc h
ng vt ring, phn b t nhiu rng ri bn
trong vng.
faunal succession [5433] : din th qun th
ng vt.
Cc chui nhng dng sng, nht l ng
vt, theo th t thi gian quan st c qua thi
gian a cht.
faunula [5434] : h ng vt vng nh.
Phc h cc loi ng vt thy trong mt
vng tng i nh v c lp v khng l i
vi vng ny.
faunule [5435] : h ng vt nh.
Su tp ha thch ng vt thu thp c t
mt tng c din phn b rt gii hn, nht l
ch t mt vt l. n: local fauna.
faustite [5436] : faustit.
Khong vt mu xanh cam:
(Zn,Cu)Al6(PO4)4(OH)8.5H2O, cha km-
tng ng vi turquois.
favositid [5437] : San h vch y.
San h vch y (Favositidae) thuc mt h
m cc i biu l nhng qun th san h dng
khi (thng khng c m xng ngoi ) gm Deleted: .
nhng n th thon c l vch, c vch gai
ngn v bng nhau v nhng tm y
hon chnh.
fayalite [5438] : fayalit.
Khong vt mu nu n en ca nhm
olivin: Fe2SiO4, ng hnh vi fosterit v c ch Deleted: .
yu trong magma. n: iron olivine.
F distribution test [5439]: chun phn phi F.
n: F-test.
feasibility [5440] : kh nng thc hin c,
c th c.
feasibility report (study) [5441] : bo co kh
thi, bo co (nghin cu) kh thi, lun chng
kinh t-k thut.
Nghin cu, son tho v ph chun cc ch
tiu (tiu chun) tnh tr lng m khong
(hoc mt phn din tch ca n) c c s v
hp l khai thc cng nghip. Bo co
(nghin cu) kh thi c thnh lp theo kt
qu thm d t m trn c s p dng k thut
v cng ngh khai thc, ch bin tin tin.
feasibility study [5442] : nghin cu kh thi.
Cng tc nghin cu trong giai on u ca
cng tc thit k, nhm xc nh kh nng thc
hin mt cng vic no v cc mt vt cht,
kinh t v php l.
feather edge [5443] : ra lng chim, ra
vt mng.
G mng ca mt lp trm tch, ni n b
tiu bin do qu trnh vt mng. n: knife edge.
feather quartz [5444] : thch anh dng lng.
Thch anh c tinh th khng hon chnh,
dng ko di v ta tia ct cho nhau ging nh
lng chim.
fecal pellet [5445] : vn cc phn, th vn cc
t cht thi sinh vt.
Loi phn hu c, ch yu t cc loi ng
vt khng xng sng, thng xut hin trong
cc trm tch bin hin i hoc b ho trong
mt s loi trm tch. Chng thng c dng
trng n gin vi chiu di khng qu mt
milimt nh hn so vi coprolit.
federovskite [5446] : federovskit.
Khong vt h trc thoi: Ca2Mg2B4O7(OH)6, Formatted
dng ca lot roweit.
fedorite [5447] : fedorit.
Khong vt: (Na,K)CaSi4(O,OH)10.1,5H2O.
fedorovskite [5448] : fedorovskit.
Khong vt: Ca2 Mg2(OH)4(B4O7)(OH)2 ng
cu trc vi roweit.
230
 feedback [5449] : thng tin phn hi.
feldspar [5450] : feldspar.
1- Nhm khong vt to phong ph, c
cng thc chung l: MAl(Al,Si)3O8, trong
M = K, Na, Ca, Ba, Rb, Sr hoc Fe. Feldspar
phn b rng ri nht v chim 60% trong v
Tri t. Feldspar c trong tt c cc loi
(phin kt tinh, migmatit, gneis, granit v cc
magma khc). Feldspar thng c mu
trng, trong m, cng 6 (theo thang Mohs),
tinh th n nghing hoc ba nghing, ct khai
theo hai phng 90o v 86o, feldspar b bin i
thnh kaolin v st.
2- Khong vt ca nhm feldspar k c
feldspar kim (orthoclas, microlin), nhm
plagioclas (albit-anorthit) v bari feldspar.
feldspar free [5451] : khng c feldspar.
feldspath [5452] : feldspar.
X: feldspar.
feldspathic [5453] : c feldspar, cha feldspar.
feldspathic arenite [5454] : ct kt a khong
giu feldspar.
Loi ct kt giu mnh vn thch anh,
phin silic, v quartzit, nn st khng qu 10%,
hm lng mnh vn feldspar ti dao ng
trong khong t 10-25%. c trng bi s c
mt mt lng ng k cc vt liu khng bn
vng phong ho, trong hm lng cc ht
vn feldspar vt qu hm lng cc mnh vn
ht mn.
feldspathic graywacke [5455]:ct kt gray-
wack giu feldspar.
1- Loi graywack cha mt lng ng
k cc vt liu trm tch khng vng bn, c
trng l loi ct kt cha di 75% cc mnh
vn thch anh v phin silic, v t 15% n
75% l nn st, mnh vn, cc ht vn feldspar
(ch yu l plagioclas natri ngun xm nhp
su) c hm lng tri hn hm lng mnh
vn , hm lng feldspar t 10 n 25% v
hm lng nn st trn 10%.
2- Loi ct kt c thnh phn mica v
mnh vn bin cht chim t 25 n 90%, t
10 n 50% ht vn feldspar v mnh vn
magma, v t 0 n 65% ht vn thch anh v
phin silic.
3- Loi ct kt cha t 25 n 90% mica
v mnh vn bin cht giu mica, t 10 n
50% feldspar v mnh vn kt tinh giu
feldspar, v t 0 n 65% ht vn thch anh,
phin silic v quartzit.
n: lithic arkosic wacke.
feldspathic litharenite [5456] : ct kt giu Deleted: .
ht vn mnh cha nhiu feldspar.
1- Loi ct kt giu ht vn mnh Deleted: a
(litharenite) cha nhiu feldspar, c bit loi
ct kt cha t 10-50% feldspar, 25-90% mnh
vn ht mn, v 0-65% ht vn thch anh,
quartzit v phin silic.
2- Thut ng c s dng ch loi ct
kt cha di 75% ht vn thch anh v
quartzit, c t l F/R dao ng trong khong t
1:1 n 1:3 (F = ht vn feldspar v mnh
gneis, granit; R = cc mnh vn ht
mn khc).
feldspathic lithwacke [5457] : graywack Deleted: b
feldspar.
Loi graywack nhiu ht vn l mnh
(trn 10% nn), trong cc mnh vn tri
hn feldspar, nhng ht vn feldspar c t 10%
tr ln l cp ht ct.
feldspathic polylitharenite [5458]: feldspar.
Loi ct kt giu mnh a thnh phn
(polylitharenite) cha trn 10% ht vn
feldspar.
feldspathic quartzite [5459]:quartzit feldspar.
Loi ct kt cha 70-95% ht vn thch
anh, phin silic, v quartzit, 5-15% feldspar v
ht vn mnh kt tinh giu feldspar, 0-15%
mica v ht vn mnh bin cht giu mica.
feldspathic sandstone [5460] : ct kt giu
feldspar.
Loi ct kt giu feldspar, c bit l loi
ct kt c thnh phn trung gian gia ct kt
arkos v ct kt thch anh, cha 10-25%
feldspar v di 20% vt liu nn gm st,
serixit v clorit.
feldspathic shale [5461] : phin st giu
feldspar.
Loi phin st cha trn 10% bt
feldspar, nn l st caolinit, thng i km vi
arkos, v l sn phm phn tch vt liu mn
hn t vn arkos th. n: kaolinitic shale.
feldspathic subgraywacke [5462] : gray-
wack feldspar.
Loi ct kt c cha 10-25% feldspar v
cc mnh vn magma, 10-25% mica v
mnh vn bin cht, 50-80% thch anh v
phin silic.
feldspathic sublitharenite [5463] : ct
feldspar.
n: lithic subarkose.
feldspathic wacke [5464] : wacke feldspar.
Loi ct kt giu thch anh, phin silic v
231
quartzit, hn 10% nn st, 10-25% feldspar
(ch yu l plagioclas natri). ng thi c
trng bi s c mt mt lng ng k vt liu
khng n nh, trong cc ht feldspar chim
u th so vi cc mnh vn ht mn.
n: subarkosic wacke.
feldspathide [5465] : feldspathoid.
feldspathization [5466] : feldspar ha.
S thnh to ca feldspar trong , thng l
kt qu ca qu trnh bin cht. Vt cht
thnh to feldspar c th t vy quanh, t
magma hoc cc dung dch khc.
feldspathoid [5467] : feldspathoid.
1- L mt nhm khong vt to tng i
him bao gm nhng alumosilicat Na, K, hoc
Ca v c cht t silic to thnh feldspar. V mt
ha hc feldspathoid c lin quan vi cc
feldspar nhng khc chng v dng tinh th v
tnh cht vt l. Chng chim ch cc feldspar
trong magma cha bo ha silic v cha
kim, nhm nhiu hn so vi cc feldspar.
Feldspathoid c th c thnh to trong mt
s cng vi cc feldspar nhng khng bao
gi cng vi thch anh hoc vi s c mt ca
silic t do ngun magma. X: foid.
2- L khong vt nhm feldspathoid: leucit,
nephelin, sodalit, nosean, hauyn, lazurit,
cancrinit v melilit.
n: feldspathoid; feldspathide.
feldspathoidite [5468] : feldspathoid.
n: feldspathoid.
fell [5469] : i, ni.
Ch vng i, ni trc Scotland v Bc
nc Anh; thut ng ch nhng vng cao t
hoang hoc nhng vng ni hoang trc
Vng quc Anh.
felsemeer [5470] : lp cui st (do bng tuyt
li).
felsic [5471] : felsic.
Tnh t bt ngun t feldspar (feldspar v
feldspathoid) + silic (silic) + c, s dng cho cc
magma c cha nhiu khong vt sng mu
trong thnh phn khong vt ca chng; ng
thi cng s dng cho cc khong vt sng mu
(thch anh, feldspar, feldspathoid, muscovit)
nh l mt nhm khong vt.
felsic index [5472] : ch s felsic.
Thng s ha hc ca cc magma, bng
100 x (Na2O+K2O)/(Na2O+K2O+CaO). Ch s
ny bin thin t khong 25 (basalt) ti 100
(ryolit). Thng c biu din nh trc honh
trn cc biu bin thin, vi trc tung l ch
s mafic. N phn nh s thay i trong qu
trnh kt tinh phn d ca cc khong vt felsic.
felside [5473] : felsid.
Do Johannsen a ra nm 1938 s dng cho
cc magma khng ban tinh sng mu, ht
mn, v d nh ryolit, trachyt, phonolit, latit
khng ban tinh v andesit sng mu.
felsiphyric [5474] : n tinh.
n: cryptocrystallin.
felsite [5475] : felsit.
Thut ng chung i vi cc phun tro
hoc xm nhp (su va) ht mn hoc n tinh,
sng mu, c hoc khng c ban tinh v bao
gm ch yu thch anh v feldspar. c
c trng bi kin trc vi tinh (felsit).
n: felstone.
felsitic [5476] : thuc v kin trc felsit.
S dng cho nhng c st sng mu; cn
"aphanitic" ginh ring cho cc sm mu.
Thut ng ny khng c s dng, do ban u
n c dng cho ni dung khong vt, c
hiu nh l hn hp ca thch anh v feldspar.
n: aphanitic. Formatted
felsitoid [5477] : felsitoid.
Thut ng s dng cho cc magma sng
mu, trong cc ht khong vt nh c th
phn bit c bng mt thng. n: aphanite. Deleted: T
felsoandesite [5478] : felsoandesit.
andesit c nn vi tinh (felsitic); andesit vi
tinh. Khng c s dng nhiu.
felsbanyite [5479] : felsobanyit.
Khong vt mu trng tuyt:
Al4(SO4)(OH)10.5H2O, ging basaluminit
nhng biu tia-X ca n th khc.
femic [5480] : femic.
Ni v magma c mt hoc nhiu khong
vt nh mc (normative) sm mu giu Fe, Mg
hoc Ca nh l cc cu phn to ch yu;
cng nh ni v cc khong vt ny. Thut ng
c bt ngun t ch: fe (ferric) + m
(magnesium) + ic.
fenaksite [5481] : fenaksit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
(K,Na)4(Fe,Mn)2(Si4O10)2(OH,F).ng nhm
vi phenakit.
fence diagram [5482] : biu hng ro.
Mt loi biu c thnh lp bng cch
lp ghp cc mt ct trn mt cu to a cht,
mt bn a cht thy vn hay mt vng m,
v.v. ng vi v tr khng gian 3 chiu ca
chng ging nh dng mt khung hng ro vy
(hay tng chn) lin kt vi nhau. u im
232
ca loi biu ny l cho thy mt cch trc
quan cc yu t n trong lng t ca i tng
nghin cu nh din phn b, th nm, kch
thc ca mt thn qung, mt tng cha nc,
mt h thng hang ng karst ngm, v.v. (khc
vi biu khi-bloc diagram-ch cho thy cc
yu t l trn nhng tit din phng ca khi).
fenestra [5483] : l hng ng sinh.
1- L hng hnh thnh do s co rt th tch;
hoc l cc khe h nguyn sinh hay gn ng
sinh trong phn ht vn ca , nhng ln hn
so vi l hng gia cc ht vn.
2- L m nh ng vt khng xng sng,
v d mt khong m qun th Ru ng vt
dng mt co hay phn mng, hay mt ca s
hoc ng vch hay v gip ca Trng dao
ng (Tintinnidae, thuc ng vt nguyn
sinh). Sn: fenestrae. L thng xng m
khng dng lm ch cho mch mu hay thn
kinh i qua.
fenestrate [5484] : c l thng, dng ca s.
C cc l thng hay nh trong sut; thng
l hay dng mt co. Thut ng ny thng
dng cho Ru ng vt dng mt co c cc l
thng dng ca s nh; san h, ni v vch
ngn b thng l rt u, v ht phn l c
nhng l ln xp sp mt cch hnh hc
mng ngoi.
fenite [5485] : fenit.
thch anh-feldspar b bin i bi qu
trnh bin cht trao i kim ti tip xc ca
phc h xm nhp carbonatit. Qu trnh ny
c gi tn l fenit ha (fenitization). Fenit
thng l feldspar kim cng vi t aegirin,
hornblend kim v khong vt ph
sphen, apatit.
fenitization [5486] : fenit ha.
Hin nay thng s dng cho qu trnh bin
cht trao i kim ca cc vy quanh thch
anh-feldspar trong mi trng cc phc h
carbonatit.
ferberite [5487] : ferberit.
Khong vt mu xm nht-n en ca lot
wolfranmit: FeWO4, ng hnh vi huebuerit,
cha trn 20% tungstat mangan.
ferdisilicite [5488] : ferdisilicit.
Khong vt: FeSi2
ferghanite [5489] : ferghanit.
Khong vt th sinh mu vng:
(UO2)3 (VO4)2.6H2O, sn phm phong ha
tyuyamunit.
fergusite [5490] : fegusit.
1- Trong phn loi ca IUGS, xm nhp Deleted: a
trong F = 60 100, M = 30 50 v kali tri
hn natri.
2- Foidit xm nhp c cha leucit, v 30 Deleted: b
60% khong vt mafic nh olivin, apatit, biotit
vi cc khong vt ph l oxid to qung. Tn
gi do Pirssion a ra nm 1905 bt ngun t
a danh Fergus Montana.
fergusonite [5491] : fergusonit.
Khong vt mu nu nht-en:
Y(Nb,Ta)O4, ng hnh vi formanit v
lng hnh vi beta-fergusonit, cha erbi, ceri,
st, titan v uran.
fergusonite beta (Nd) [5492] : fergusonit-
beta-(Nd).
Khong vt: (Nb, Ce)NbO4.
fermorite [5493] : fermorit.
Khong vt mu trng nhm apatit:
(Ca, Sr)5[(As, P)O4] (OH).
fernandinite [5494] : fernandinit.
Khong vt mu xanh ti m:
Ca V2+4 V10+5 O32.14H2O (?).
feroxyhyte [5495] : feroxyhyt.
Khong vt h su phng: FeO (OH), a
hnh vi goethit, lepidocrocit v akaganeit.
ferrarisite [5496] : ferarisit.
Khong vt: Ca5(HAsO4)2 (AsO4)2.9H2O,
lng hnh vi guerinit.
ferrazite [5497] : ferazit.
Khong vt: (Pb, Ba)3 (PO4)2.8H2O (?).
ferri annite [5498] : feri-anit.
Loi mica khi tm mt ba, c cng thc l
thuyt: KFe3+2 (Si3Fe+3)O10 (OH, F)2. Ss: annit.
ferricopiepite [5499] : fericopiepit.
Khong vt nhm copiapit:
Fe5+3 (SO4)6 O.(OH).20H2O.
ferrierite [5500] : ferierit.
Khong vt zeolit:
(Na, K)2 MgAl3S15O36 (OH).9H2O.
ferrifayalite [5501] : ferifayalit.
X: laihunite.
ferriferous [5502] : st, giu st.
Loi khong vt cha st; hoc loi trm
tch giu st hn so vi bnh thng, nh phin
st cha trong thnh phn ca n mt lng
oxid st ln hn 15%.
ferrihydrite [5503] : ferihydrit.
Khong vt h su phng: Fe10O15.9H2O.
ferrimatrite [5504] : ferimatrit.
Khong vt mu trng-xm nht hoc xanh-
trng nht: Na3Fe+3 (SO4)3.3H2O.
ferrimolybdite [5505] : ferimolybdit.
233
 Khong vt mu vng nht:
Fe2(MoO4)3.8H2O, dng bi t, dng khm
hoc dng si v tinh th dng phng x thnh
to do oxy ha ca molybdenit.
Ss: molybdenite. n: molybdic orcher.
ferrisicklerite [5506] : ferisicklerit.
Khong vt mu nu m:
Li (Fe+3, Mn+2)PO4
ferrisymplerite [5507] : ferisymplerit
Khong vt mu nu h phch:
Fe3(AsO4)2(OH)3.5H2O. Ss: sumplesit.
ferrite [5508] : ferit; trm tch giu st.
Trm tch giu st c gn kt, nhng cc
ht trong thnh phn ca n khng lin kt
vi nhau.
ferritungstite [5509] : feritungstit.
Khong vt: Ca2Fe2+2Fe2+3(WO4)7.9H2O, mu
vng nht n vng-nu nht. n: tungstic
ocher.
ferriturquoise [5510] : feriturquois.
Loi turquois cha 5% Fe2O3.
ferroactinolite [5511] : feroactinolit.
Khong vt h n nghing, thnh phn ca
n c trng cho loi v tr cui ca nhm
+2
amphibol: Ca2Fe5 Si8O22(OH)2. Feroactinolit l
loi actinolit khng cha mangan v ng hnh
vi tremolit. n: ferotremolite.
ferroan dolomite [5512] : ankerit, feroan
dolomit.
Loi khong vt c thnh phn trung gian
gia dolomit v ferodolomit.
ferroaxinite [5513] : feroaxinit.
Khong vt: Ca2(Fe, Mn)Al2B Si4O15 (OH).
ferrobasalt [5514] : basalt (giu) st.
Dung nham giu st, tng lng st thng
vt qu 12 hoc 13%, v MgO nh hn 6%.
Lng silic ngho hn, lin quan vi tholeit
nguyn thy, thay i trong khong 48 ti 50%.
ferrobustamite [5515] : ferobustamit.
Khong vt nhm pyroxen: Ca(Fe, Ca,
Mn)Si2O6, ng cu trc vi bustamit.
ferrocarpholite [5516] : ferocarpholit.
Khong vt: (Fe, Mg)Al2Si2O6 (OH)4
ferrocolumbite [5517] : ferocolumbit.
Khong vt h thoi: FeNb2O6, hnh thnh
cng lot vi ferotantalit v manganocolumbit.
ferrocopiapite [5518] : ferocopiapit.
X: copiapite.
ferrodiorite [5519] : ferrodiorit.
diorit, "trong plagioclas tht s
(khng phi tiu chun) t calcic hn, khong
An50, v nhng khong vt st-magnesi
giu st".
ferrodolomite [5520] : ferodolomit.
Khong vt c thnh phn: CaFe(CO3)2,
ng hnh vi dolomit, nhng khng phi l
khong vt t nhin tr ankerit.
ferrogabro [5521] : gabro (giu) st.
Tn gi cho cc magma i trn ca
xm nhp Skaergaard, pha ng Greenland, c
cha pyroxen giu st v olivin. Thut ng ny
sau nhp chung vo ferrodiorit.
ferrohexahydrite [5522] : ferohexahydrit.
Khong vt h n nghing: FeSO4.6H2O.
ferrohortonolite [5523] : ferohortonolit.
Khong vt lot dung dch cng forsterit-
fayalit, cha 70 n 90% thnh phn fayalit.
ferromagnesian [5524] : feromagne.
Khong vt nhm mafic, thnh phn ca n
cha st v magnesi.
ferronickelplatinum [5525] : feronickelplatin.
Khong vt: Pt2FeNi, hnh thnh trong lot
dung dch th-cng ca tulameenit.
ferroselite [5526] : feroselit.
Khong vt h thoi: FeSe2, ging nh
marcasit.
ferrosilite [5527] : ferosilit.
1- Khong vt c thnh phn ca nhm Deleted: a
orthopyroxen: FeSiO3, tng t vi enstantit v
tn ti cng vi hypersthen. n: hypersthen.
2- Nhm khong vt ca clinoferosilit v Deleted: b
orthoferosilit.
ferrospinel [5528] : ferospinel.
1- Hercynit. Deleted: a
2- Th phc hp magnetic c cu trc ca Deleted: b
spinel, cha st.
ferrostrunzite [5529] : ferostrunzit.
Khong vt c cu trc ng ha tr ca st
vi strunzit: Fe+2Fe2+3 (PO4)2 (OH)2
ferrotantalite [5530] : ferotantalit.
Khong vt h thoi: FeTa2O6, thnh to cng
lot vi ferocolumbit v manganotantalit.
ferrotremolite [5531] : ferotremolit.
X: ferroactinolite.
ferrotychite [5532] : ferotychit.
Khong vt: Na6 Fe2 (SO4) (CO3)4, cha st
tng t vi tychit.
ferrowyllieite [5533] : ferowylieit.
Khong vt nhm wylieit: Na2Fe2+2Al (PO4)2
ferruccite [5534] : ferucit.
Khong vt h thoi: NaBF4.
ferruginate [5535] : ferruginat, cha st.
1- Ch mt loi xi mng cha st ca
trm tch (Allen, 1936).
234
 2- Nhum mu bng mt vt liu
cha st.
ferruginous [5536] : st.
1- cp ti loi cha st, nh loi ct
kt c oxid st gn kt.
2- Loi mu hay mu r st do trong
thnh phn ca n c cha oxid st ho tr ba
(hm lng c th rt thp).
fersilicite [5537] : fersilicit.
Khong vt: FeSi.
fersmanite [5538] : fersmanit.
Khong vt h ba nghing mu nu:
(Ca, Na)4 (Ti, Nb)2Si2O11 (F, OH)2.
fersmite [5539] : fersmit.
Khong vt mu en:
(Ca, Na)4 (Ti, Nb)2 Si2O11 (F, OH)2.
ferutite [5540] : ferutit.
X: davidite.
fervanite [5541] : fervanit.
Khong vt mu nu-vng: Fe4(VO4)4.5H2O,
tn ti cng vi nhng khong vt phng x,
nhng khng c tnh phng x.
Festiniogian [5542] : Festiniog.
Bc chu u. Cambri thng (nm trn
Maentwrog, nm di Dolgelli).
fiasconite [5543] : fiaconit.
Basanit-leucitit c cha anorthid, ng thi
cng cha augit, nephelin, v oxid st. Tn gi
ny c bt ngun t a danh Montefiascone,
Italia (Johannsen, 1939). t c s dng.
fibrilite [5544] : fibrilit.
X: sillimanite.
fibroferrite [5545] : fibroferit.
Khong vt mu vng nht:
FeSO4 (OH).5H2O.
fibrous [5546] : si, cu to dng si.
fibrous conodont element [5547] : cu t
Rng nn c si.
Cu t Rng nn dng phin, trong cc
phin dy v "cht trng" khng c hay gim
thoi thnh mt ct thanh dc cc trc rng
nh, v ra ca n b rn c dng sn rt
in hnh.
fibrous peat [5548] : than bn c dng si.
fictitious load distributions [5549] : phn b
ti trng tng tng.
field book [5550] : nht k thc a.
field data [5551] : s liu kho st thc a.
field equation [5552] : phng trnh trng.
Trong c hc t, , l phng trnh biu
din mi quan h gia chuyn v ca tng im
ca ton b trng ang xem xt di tc ng
ca ti trng. Phng trnh trng c tng
qut t vic tng hp, rt gn cc phng trnh
thnh phn gm: phng trnh ti trng-ng
sut, phng trnh tng ng bin dng,
phng trnh thc nghim (cu thnh) ng sut-
bin dng v cc iu kin bin.
field hydrogeology [5553] : a cht thy vn
thc a.
Cc dng iu tra a cht thy vn c
thc hin ngoi tri, ti a bn nghin cu nh:
o v, bm nc th nghim, (p) nc th
nghim, phn tch mu nc ngoi tri, quan
trc ng thi nc di t, v.v.
field instrumentation [5554] : thit lp quan
trc hin trng.
Lp t thit b o c, quan trc hin
trng, v d kim tra chuyn dch ca mt
khi trt, kim tra ln ca mt t do nh
hng ca khai o ngm.
field investigation [5555] : kho st hin
trng, thm d hin trng.
field map [5556] : bn lin kt cc trng
d liu. Deleted: .
Th hin mi lin kt, quan h gia cc
trng trong CSDL.
field measurements [5557] : o c
hin trng.
field moisture [5558] : m ngoi tri.
Nc xut hin trong t trn mt
nc ngm.
field moisture equivalent [5559] : cn bng
m.
Hm lng nc ti thiu ca mt khi t
th hin theo phn trm trng lng kh ca n,
ti ch m git nc c t trn b mt nhn
ca t s khng b hp th m trn ra lm cho
mt t bng.
field P T curve [5560] : ng bin thin
trng P-T.
Trn biu P-T, ng bin thin v theo
s bin i ca nh nhit mi mt im ca
trng P-T dc theo ng vung gc vi
ng ng p ca nh nhit, ng thi cng
gn vung gc vi ng ng ca phn ng
hydrat ha, phn nh quy lut bin cht ca
mt khu vc. Thng thng c dc dng,
phn nh hot ng bin cht a k.
field test [5561] : th nghim hin trng, th
nghim ti a im kho st.
n: field experiment hoc in-side test.
filamented pahoehoe [5562] : vt liu p, t
p, (s) xy k.
235
 Sn phm p nhn to t vt liu t t
nhin hoc vt liu thi.
file [5563] : tp, tp tin, tp tin.
Mt ti liu hoc mt tp hp cc thng tin
c lu tr trn a v c phn bit bi mt
tn gi duy nht.
fill [5564] : bi lp bn trm tch, lp.
1- Trm tch c bt k mt tc nhn no
lm tch t bi p ton b hay tng phn
mt thung lng hoc mt trng no .
2- Dng vt liu t nhin nh si, , t v
ph thi nh t thi, qung thi, lp y
mt khong trng nh hm l khai khong c,
p b ao, h, vc hoc p p. X: backfill;
made-land.
3- t dng nng cao b mt ca mt
vng trng, nh lp h, lp ch st l, p ,
p nn ng.
4- Chiu dy ca phn vt liu s dng
lp cho t ti mt bng nh trc.
fill terrace [5565] : thm lp y.
1- Thut ng s dng ch di tch cn li
(do s tr ha ca sng sui) ca y thung
lng phng (hoc ca ng bng bi tch) c
sng bi p, v d thm aluvi.
2- Mt phn ca y thung lng bi tch
nguyn thy c tch t do trm tch lp y
thung lng.
fillatrath terrace [5566] : thm lp y ht.
Thm lp y, b mt b xi mn ti mc
thp hn b mt trm tch ban u, n gm c
vt liu bi tch nh tng phn vi thm thung
lng rng thnh to trn gc.
fillowite [5567] : filowit.
Khong vt mu nu, vng hoc khng mu:
H2Na6 (Mn, Fe, Ca)14(PO4)12 H2O (?), cng loi
vi Johnsomervileit.
filltop terrace [5568] : thm lp y bng.
Thm lp y c b mt phng chnh l b
mt trm tch nguyn thy (ban u).
film water [5569] : nc mng mng.
filter [5570] : b lc, mng lc.
1- Trong x l s liu a cht, tch cc
tn hiu c ch trn nn tn hiu nhiu, ngi ta
dng cc thut ton lc tn hiu ging nh
trong truyn tin s. Cc b lc p dng trong
a cht ch yu s dng c tnh v tn sut
tch trng.
2- Mt lp hoc mt h thng lp cc vt
liu thm c s dng nhm ngn chn cc ht
t cun theo dng chy.
filter design [5571] : thit k mng lc.
filter well [5572] : ging lc nc.
filtering [5573] : lc. Deleted: .
S gim mt thnh phn tn sut no ca Deleted: .
mt du hiu v s nng cao cc thnh phn
khc. C th lc bng in, hay bng s trn
mt my tnh s hc sau khi du hiu
c ghi.
filtration [5574] : lc.
Qu trnh m mt cht lng i qua mt mi
trng lc loi b cc cht keo hoc cht
l lng.
filtration spring [5575] : mch thm.
Mch hnh thnh do s tp trung nc thm
t nhiu im l nh.
Financing sources of geological prospecting
[5576] : cc ngun cp vn cho cng tc thm
d a cht, cc ngun kinh ph thm d a
cht, cc ngun tin cho thm d a cht.
Cc ngun kinh ph a cht c th l: T
ngn sch Nh nc, vn u t c bn, kinh
ph ca ngi t hng (ch hp ng thu), Deleted: .
vn vay v vn t nhn. Deleted: a)
finandranite [5577] : finandranit.
Syenit giu kali, ht ln bao gm feldspar
kim, amphibol, mt t biotit, ilmenit v apatit.
c xc nh t vng Malagasy. t c Deleted: b)
s dng.
fine aggregate [5578] : ct liu mn
fine clay [5579] : loi st mn; st ht nh Deleted: .
Thut ng a cht dng ch loi st c c
ht thay i t 1/2048 n 1/1024mm (0,5-1
micron).
fine grained [5580] : ht mn.
1- Kin trc ca cc kt tinh, c bit l
loi magma trong cc khong vt to
c ng knh trung bnh di 1mm.
n: aphanitic.
2- Trm tch hay trm tch v kin trc Deleted: .
ca n, trong cc thnh phn c kch thc
qu nh khng th phn bit c bng mt
thng. c bit l loi trm tch hoc trm
tch, trong kch thc trung bnh ca cc ht Deleted: .
khong vt khng qu 1/16mm (62 micron, tc
l t c bt tr xung).
3- Loi t trong thnh phn bt st
chim u th.
4- t m thnh phn cu to ch yu l bn
v st. Hoa K, ng knh trung bnh ti a
ca ht l 0,05mm (0,002in.), c cc k s s
dng l 0,074mm (lt qua ry tiu chun s 200
ca Hoa K); Hi Khoa hc Th nhng Quc
236
t cng nhn gii hn ng knh 0,02mm.
X: coarse-grained.
fine granular [5581] : ht nh, mn nh
micro-granular.
fine gravel [5582] : cui si nh.
1- Thut ng th nhng Hoa K ch cui
si c ng knh t 2 n 12,5mm (1/12-
1/2in.); trc kia c s dng cho t sn (nay
gi l ct rt th-very coarse sand) c ng
knh 1-2mm.
2- Thut ng k thut cng trnh, ch si c
ng knh t 4,76mm n 19mm (3/4 in.) (b
gi trn ry tiu chun s 4 ca Hoa K).
fine ore [5583] : qung mn, qung dng cm.
fine pebble [5584] : loi si, cui ht nh.
Loi si, cui c ng knh trong khong
4-8mm.
fine sand [5585] : ct ht nh.
1- Thut ng s dng trong a cht hc ch
loi ct c ng knh dao ng trong khong
0,125-0,25mm (125-250 micron).
2- Thut ng dng trong a k thut ch loi
ct c ng knh trong phm vi 0,074-
0,42mm.
3- Thut ng s dng trong nghin cu v
t Hoa K, ch loi ct c ng knh 0,1-
0,25mm. Kch thc c Hi khoa hc Th
nhng quc t cng nhn l 0,02-0,2mm.
4- Loi t cha trn 85% cc ht c ct v
trn 50% ct ht nh hoc di 25% ct ht th,
ht ln v ht trung bnh cng vi di 50% ct
ht rt nh.
fine silt [5586] : bt ht nh.
Thut ng dng trong a cht hc ch loi
bt c ng knh t 1/128 n 1/64mm (8-16
micron). Anh cn s dng ch cp ht thay
i trong khong 1/100-1/20mm.
finely crystalline [5587] : kt tinh ht nh.
Thut ng m t kin trc ca trm tch
carbonat c ng knh cc tinh th khong vt
to thay i trong khong 0,016-0,062mm,
hoc 0,01-0,1mm, hoc 0,01-0,05mm, hay
di 1,0mm.
fineness modulus [5588] : modul ht.
S o mn ca ct, xi mng, v.v. c xc
nh bng cch cng phn trm tng ca cc c
ht nm trn sng ca mt dy sng quy
nh, sau chia tng s cho 100.
fines [5589] : rt nh, nh.
1- Kch thc ht rt nh.
2- Thnh phn t c c ht tng ng vi
bt v st (ng knh di 0,074mm).
finger [5590] : ngn.
Tm dng km c i u cui ca mt
chn km ng vt V gip, hoc ca cng
ng vt dng Nhn (Arachnida).
finished ore [5591] : qung lm sch,
qung sch. Deleted: a)
finite difference [5592] : sai phn hu hn.
X: computational methods of stress analysis.
finite element method (FEM) [5593] :
phng php phn t hu hn
X: computational methods of stress analysis. Deleted: b)
finnemanite [5594] : finemanit.
Khong vt h su phng mu xm, xanh
oliu hoc en: Pb5(AsO3)2Cl.
fireclay [5595] : st chu la. Deleted: .
Loi st silic giu silicat nhm ngm nc,
c kh nng khng b hy hoi nhit cao,
c dng lm nguyn liu sn xut s
chu nhit, gch chu la, l luyn kim, v.v.
Loi st ny ngho st, calci v kim, thnh
phn gn nh thnh phn ca kaolin, cp cht
lng tt hn nu cha ti thiu 35% nhm
khi nung.
fireclay mineral [5596] : khong vt st
chu la. Deleted: .
Loi kaolinit hn tp.
firestone [5597] : chu la.
Loi silic ht mn c kh nng chu nhit
cao dng lm vt liu trt lt l nung, nh
mt s loi ct kt tui Jura v Creta min
nam nc Anh. n: fireclay.
firm [5598] : cng, chc.
Ni v t hoc cng.
firm ground [5599] : t cng.
firn field [5600] : vng bng cng. Deleted: .
Vng tch t bng tch; s tng chiu rng
ca b mt bng h (bng tch) m trn tuyt
tch t, to tuyt ht; khu vc c tuyt ht.
firnirication [5601] : to bng. Deleted: .
Qu trnh chuyn ha tuyt thnh tuyt ht
sau thnh bng trong bng tch (hay
bng h).
first-order pinacoid [5602]: hnh i mt
bc 1.
Trong tinh th h ba nghing, hnh i mt
{okl} v hnh i mt {okl}.
Ss: second-order pinacoid; third-order Deleted: i
pinacoid; fourth-order pinacoid. Deleted: -
first-order prism [5603] : hnh lng tr bc 1.
Dng tinh th: {110} lng tr trong tinh th
h bn phng; {1010} lng tr trong tinh th
h su phng; {okl} lng tr trong tinh th h
237
thoi v {okl} lng tr trong tinh th h n
nghing. Ss: second-order prism; third-order
prism; fourth-order prism.
fischesserite [5604] : fisheserit.
Khong vt h lp phng: Ag3AuSe2.
fisherite [5605] : fisherit.
Khong vt cha phosphat hydroalumin mu
xanh, gn ging vi wavelit.
fishtail structure [5606] : cu to dng
ui c.
Phn ui sn ca mt va than, hnh thnh
ni cc nm trm tch vn thm nhp vo c
hng song song vi mt phn lp.
fissure [5607] : nt, khe nt
n: crack.
fissure eruption [5608] : phun tro khe nt.
S phun tro xy ra t khe nt ko di, him
hn l t ming phun trung tm.
fissure vent [5609] : ming khe nt.
S m ra trn b mt Tri t ca knh dn
ni la c dng vt rn hoc khe nt.
fissure volcano [5610] : ni la khe nt.
Mt trong nhng dy ming ni la vi kiu
phun tro dc theo khe nt.
fissured [5611] : b nt, c tnh nt n, d
b nt.
fissured clay [5612] : st b nt n (khi gim
m, ko theo thay i sc bn)
fissured water [5613] : nc khe nt
Nc di t tn ti trong nhng khe nt
ca t .
fissures [5614] : khe nt.
X: discontinuity.
fitzroyite [5615] : fitzroyit.
Lamproit bao gm cc ban tinh leucit v
phlogopit trong phn nn ht rt mn, ch cc
bn trng fitzroy, ty Australia.
five axis universal stage [5616] : bn knh
vn nng nm trc.
Bn fedrp lp trn bn knh hin vi, c th
xoay mu soi xung quanh 5 trc thng ng v
nm ngang. Nh c th a mt tit din
chnh ca quang sut th ca mt ht tinh th
no trong mu v v tr song song vi b mt
bn knh hoc trng vi mt i xng ca knh
hin vi.
fiveling [5617] : nm n tinh.
Song tinh tinh th c nm n tinh.
Ss: twoling; trilling; fourling; eightling.
fixed ground water [5618] : nc di t
c nh.
Nc di t trong vt liu c nhiu k h
rt nh, n mc m nc c gi thng
xuyn cc tng ca k h hoc di chuyn rt
chm, n khng sn c rt i cc t l
c ch.
fixed price [5619] : gi c nh.
fizelyite [5620] : fizelyit.
Khong vt mu xm ch: Pb5Ag2Sb8S18,
quan h cht ch vi andorit v ramdohrit.
fjeld [5621] : cao nguyn . Deleted: .
Ting Na Uy c ngha l field vi ngha rt
rng, nhng thng dng nht khi s dng trong
ting Anh ch cao nguyn nng cao, rt
cn ci.
fjord [5622] : thung lng Fio Bc u. Deleted: .
1- Vnh bin hp hoc "cnh tay bin", c Deleted: a)
dng ch U, thnh vch dc ng, nm gia hai
vch cao (hoc hai sn cao) ca ni ven b
bin, thng su vi trm mt.
2- Vnh bt k b bin Scandinav. Deleted: b)
fjord coast [5623] : b bin bng tch. Deleted: .
B bin bng tch lm, su c c trng
bi s ln chm cc b ca cc rnh bng tch,
cc vch song song dc ng, cc "honh sn"
ct v thung lng treo.
flabellate [5624] : dng qut
C hnh ging ci qut, thng ch nhng
san h qun th xe hnh qut.
flabellum [5625] : th qut.
Mt phn ca c th c hnh qut, nht l
nhnh ngoi cng ca chi gc V gip Chn
mang (Branchiopoda).
flag ore [5626] : qung dng tm (hematit).
flagellar field [5627] : din lng roi.
Mt din nh bao quanh lng roi To cu
(Chrysophyceae).
flagellar pore [5628] : l lng roi.
L nh Trng hai lng roi (Dinoflagellate)
th lng roi ra, thng nm khp ni trc
v sau ca di vng v rnh. Deleted: .
flagellate [5629] : c lng roi, trng c
lng roi.
Ni v cc sinh vt nh mang lng roi. Mt
sinh vt, nht l Nguyn sinh ng vt
(Protozoa) hoc To, c cc lng roi.
flagellated chamber [5630] : phng lng roi.
Mt xoang Bt bin c t bo lng roi
bao ph.
flagellum [5631] : lng roi, chi roi.
Chi dng si a dng ng vt, nh phn
u ngoi nhiu khp ca chi ng vt V gip,
hoc on ko di dng roi Bt bin; mt mu
nguyn sinh cht dng roi di mc n c hay
238
thnh nhm mt t bo hay vi sinh vt, c l
tng ng vi mt lng rung loi to, v l c
quan vn hnh hot ng (qua nc) ca mt
nguyn sinh ng vt hay cc to, vi khun v
bo t ng vt c lng roi. Sn: flagella.
flaggy rock [5632] : phn lp.
c phn chia thnh nhng lp mng
trong qu trnh thnh to.
flagstaffite [5633] : flagstafit.
Khong vt: C10H22O3, tinh th h thoi khng
mu, trong v hnh thnh t nha cy ch nt
n ca cy thng ha .
flagstone [5634] : tm; ct kt giu mica.
1- Loi ct kt ht nh, cng chc, giu
mica phn b rng ri di dng cc lp mng
c s phn ct ca phin st, phn ct u n
thnh cc tm mng dc theo mt phn lp c
th dng lm k chng st l t, nn nh, v.v.
2- Tm tng i mng v phng ( vi,
ct kt, phin st, lp, hay phin kt tinh)
c mt trong t vi chiu di trong khong 15-
38cm. n: slabstone; grayband; cleftstone.
flame structure [5635] : cu to ngn la.
Kiu cu to trm tch c cc th bn hnh
ngn la, dng sng b p khng u v pha
trn vo lp ph (Walton, 1956). Tng ng
vi thut ng antidune ca Lamont (1957).
Flandrian [5636] : Flandri.
Giai on a tng-kh hu Anh, ng vi
Holoxen (sau 10000 nm, theo phng php
tnh C14).
flank [5637] : mt bn, sn.
Mt bn ca mt v cun Chn u nm
gia bng v ng khu rn, cn gi l mt
cun; mt dc nm gia bng v b trn ca v
Tay cun; Thn mm hai mnh l phn gia
ca b mt v.
flank eruption [5638] : phun tro sn.
S phun tro trn sn ca ni la.
flaser structure [5639] : cu to xin sng.
Kiu phn lp xin gn sng, trong cc
vt bn c bo tn trong cc rnh trng,
nhng li t hoc khng c trn cc nh sng.
flash flood [5640] : l qut.
L xy ra mt cch chp nhong, tc cc
nhanh, cng mnh, c sc ph hoi ln,
gy thit hi nng n.
flasser gabro [5641] : flase gabro.
Mylonit bin d ht th c thnh to bi
qu trnh bin cht dch chuyn ca gabro. Cc
vy mica hoc clorit sp xp xung quanh cc
"mt" feldspar v (hoc) thch anh cng vi s
ti kt tinh v to khong mi.
flat [5642] : phng. Deleted: .
1- Mt hay b mt t tri di, lin tc, Deleted: a)
phng, nm ngang hoc gn ngang v khng c
vng cao, vng thp hoc dc v lm.
2- B mt phng hay gn phng, khng c Deleted: b)
a hnh r nt, nh ng bng.
flat-jack method [5643] : phng php kch
phng.
X: stress measurement.
flaxseed ore [5644] : chui kt hch st.
Lp trm tch cha st, v d nh qung
Clinton cha nhng kt hch hematit hnh a
vi chiu dt gn song song vi mt phn lp.
fleischerite [5645] : fleisherit.
Khong vt: Pb3Ge(SO4)2(OH)3 .3H2O.
fleshy sponge [5646] : bt bin tht.
Loi Bt bin khng c khung xng, v d
cc i biu ca lp Bt bin chng
(Desmosspongia).
fletcherite [5647] : fletcherit.
Khong vt nhm thiospinel: Cu (Ni, Co)2 S4
flexible crinoid [5648] : Hu bin un Deleted: .
(Flexibilia).
Hu bin thuc mt phn lp c trng bi
s kt li, nhng khng bm chc, ca phin
tay di vi lng dng cc v bi mt np
ming mm, d un.
flexible pavement [5649] : ng mm.
ng giao thng c thit k v thi cng
cho php bin dng n hi v chu un.
flexosstyle [5650] : phng un cun.
Phng hnh ng cun li ca trng l nm
trc tip sau phng khi thy, nh ng
Amphisorrus.
flexural toppling [5651] : lt un.
Mt dng trt l . X: block-flexure
toppling.
flinkite [5652] : flinkit.
Khong vt mu xanh nht-nu:
Mn3 (AsO4)(OH)4
flint [5653] : phin silic; khong vt silic;
la.
1- (trt) Thut ng c s dng rt rng ri
tng ng vi phin silic hoc ch mt bin
th ca phin silic mu xm sm hay en v
ng nht.
2- (kv) Thut ng ch tn khong vt dng
khi, rt cng, loi khng c sch ca
chalcedon mu en hoc hi xm, vt v hnh
v s, nh la-thp ni bt. n: firestone.
3- Thch anh dng bt cc loi, c bit "vt
239
liu cng lm gm", lm la.
flint clay [5654] : st silic.
Loi st vi tinh ging flint c thnh phn
trong kaolin chim u th, vt v v chai.
N tr nn do khi c nghin lu trong nc.
float coal [5655] : Loi st vi tinh ging
flint c thnh phn trong kaolin chim u
th, vt v v chai. Tr nn do khi c
nghin lu trong nc.
Thn lp than nh v bit lp trong ct
kt hoc phin st. C l trc l cc th
than bn b bo mn v vn chuyn i t m
nguyn sinh c tch t li.
float ore [5656] : qung ni khi tuyn.
floating bridge [5657] : cu phao.
floating circle counting method [5658] :
Phng php m bng cch trt ca s
trn, dng trong x l kt qu o v khe nt
bng php chiu lp th.
floating foundation [5659] : mng phao ni.
c thit k tng ng vi ti trng phn
t chim ch.
floating island [5660] : o tri ni.
m hay thm thc vt, c rt t t hoc
khng c t, tri t do trong h hoc trong
bin nhit i, thng b tch khi bi ly hoc
b m ly trong khi bo t.
floating pile [5661] : cc ma st, cc ni.
Cc lm vic ch yu bng ma st bn tip
xc vi t nn l ct hoc st.
n: friction pile.
floatstone [5662] : vn , thch anh c hc
1- Loi carbonat cha trn 90% thnh
phn mnh vn sinh vt hoc cc mnh vn
khc c kch thc trn 2mm xen vo trong
trm tch carbonat c cp ht ct hoc bn.
2- Loi opal nh, xp, b, ni trn nc v
c mu trng hoc xm nht, l r, dng khi
kt hch. n: swimming stone.
flood [5663] : l, lt.
S dng nc bt thng cc sng hoc c
cc vng ph cn trong mt thi gian ngn.
flood absorption [5664] : hp th nc l.
Bin php gim lng nc l bng cch dn
nc vo h, bn cha, knh.
flood bank [5665] : di t ngp l.
Din tch t b ngp lt hai bn b sng
trong ma l, mc nc dng ln trong
ma ma.
flood bank, dyke, levee [5666] :
iu, tng chn c xy dng ven
sng chng l.
flood basin [5667] : bn trng ngp lt. Deleted: .
1- Vng t b ngp nc trong thi gian l Deleted: a)
lt cao nht bit. Deleted: ;
2- Din tch t rng v phng nm gia
Deleted: b)
ng bng thp, nghing v b sng t nhin
c ph bi t rng; c hoc khng c
thc vt.
flood control [5668] : kim sot l.
S ngn nga v gim thiu thit hi do l Deleted: N
gy ra.
flood dam [5669] : chng lt. Deleted: .
p gi hay ngn l lt nht thi hoc
cung cp nc. Thng thng c thit
k chng li s thay i nhanh chng ca
mc nc trong p.
flood frequency [5670] : tn sut l.
S ln xut hin l trong mt khong thi
gian nht nh.
flood plain [5671] : ng bng ngp lt, bi
bi ngp lt. Deleted: .
1- B mt hay i t kh phng lin k vi Deleted: a)
dng sng, c thnh to do sng vn chuyn
bi tch trong thi k ma l v lng ng ni Deleted: .
nc chy chm l di nh hng ca dng
chy xit. Sng c mt bi bi (hay ng bng
bi bi) v c th mt hay nhiu thm th hin
ng bng bi bi b ph hy.
2- Min t thp, phng hay tng i Deleted: b)
phng tip gip vi sng v c th b ngp lt;
vng t c chu vi vng ngoi vi kh nng
ngp lt ln nht.
3- Mt phn bi bi tch lng h nm gia Deleted: c)
ng b bin v vch nh b bin, l ni b
ngp trong thi gian triu dng cao.
flood plain deposit [5672] : tch t l lt
ng bng. Deleted:
Trm tch ct v st c nc sng lm tch
t phn b trn ng bng bi bi; trm tch to
nn ng bng bi bi, dy nht l gn sng
nhng b vt mng v pha sn trng.
n: vertical-accretion deposit. Deleted: dng ln
floodland [5673] : bi trn, bi bi ven sng. Deleted: .
t dc hay men sng c th b ngp lt;
ng bng ngp lt. Deleted: G
floodwall [5674] : tng chn l.
Tng chn c xy dng bng vt liu
kin c ngn chn l trn.
floodway [5675] : knh tho nc l.
Knh o x bt lng nc l nhm bo
v cc khu kinh t-dn c quan trng. i khi
cn c gi l knh tho l khn cp hoc
knh chy vng.
240
 floor [5676] : tng, b mt, y.
1- (t) B mt , mt b bo mn trn
cc tng trm tch c tch t.
2- (th) vy quanh b mt di ca xm
nhp magma.
3- y sng, bin, h, thung lng.
floor heave [5677] : tri sn.
Bin dng ca y h o, sn hm l do
gii phng ng sut theo chiu thng ng.
flora [5678] : h thc vt.
Ton b qun th thc vt ca mt khu vc,
mt mi trng, mt thnh h hoc mt khong
thi gian xc nh.
floral stage [5679] : bc thc vt.
Mt phn v (bc) thi a tng da trn mt
i thc vt hay ni chung, da trn mt phc
h thc vt. Chng hn, Bc Raveni (Eocen
thng) bang Washington.
floral zone [5680] : i thc vt.
X: florizon.
florencite [5681] : florencit.
Khong vt mu vng nht:
CeAl3(PO4)2(OH)6.
florizone [5682] : i thc vt.
Mt phn v sinh a tng hoc mt th a
tng c c trng bng mt phc h thc vt
ho thch ring bit. Mc d, cng nh
faunizone, thut ng ny c nhng ngha khc
nhau, n gn vi thut ng i phc h v c
xem nh mt bin th da trn c s thc vt
ca i (st). n: floral zone.
florule [5683] : h thc vt vng nh.
1- Mt phc h thc vt ho thch c thu
thp trong mt tng c phm vi phn b a l
rt hp, c khi ch l mt vt l.
2- Thut ng cn c dng ch mt
phc h thc vt ho thch c trong mt tng
ring bit hoc trong mt s t tng gip k
nhau c b dy hn ch v ch yu cha cc i
din ca mt qun x thc vt. l phc h
thc vt ca mt i nh. n: florula.
floscelle [5684] : vnh ming dng sao.
Mt din hnh sao bao quanh ming l
Cu gai, do din l gn ming v g xen chn
mt to thnh.
floss [5685] : sui.
flotation [5686] : ni, tuyn ni.
n: crystal flotation.
flour [5687] : bt.
flour sand [5688] : ct ht rt nh.
Loi ct ht rt nh.
flow [5689] : dng (dung nham); dng chy.
1-(t) Phn v thch a tng nh nht
phn chia phun tro. Dng l mt th
phun tro hoc xm nhp c phn bit bi
cu to, thnh phn, v tr ring bit, c t, v.v.
hoc nhng tnh cht khc. l mt phn ca
tp (member), tng ng v th bc vi lp
hoc h lp trong phn loi trm tch.
2-(cthv) Chuyn ng ca nc.
flow bean [5690] : vi phun.
flow breccia [5691] : dm kt dng.
dm kt c thnh to ng thi vi s
vn chuyn ca dng dung nham; lp v ngui
lnh b v ra thnh cc mnh, cn dng dung
nham vn tip tc chuyn ng. y l mt
kiu ca dm kt t sinh (autobreccia). Deleted: t
flow curve [5692] : ng cong chy, vng
cung chy.
flow index [5693] : gii hn chy ca t.
n: liquidity index. Deleted: i thc vt
flow layer [5694] : lp dng.
Lp trong magma c c trng bi tnh
phn lp dng chy.
flow line [5695] : ng dng.
S nh hng ca cc tinh th, cc lp
mng khong vt hoc cc bao th bn trong
magma, ch hng ca dng chy trc khi
cng rn.
flow mark [5696] : du vt dng chy.
1- Rnh nh b mt dng nc ct qua trn
b mt trm tch.
2- G nh c mt dng nc hnh thnh Deleted: y ban Danh php a tng
M (196l, iu 2ld) ch r rng thut
trn b mt ca trm tch bn (McKee, 1954). ng ny "ni chung khng c chp
flow net [5697] : li thm, li dng chy. nhn" v vic nh ngha chnh xc n l
flow of ore [5698] : dng qung (khi khai vn "cn tranh ci".
thc ra). Deleted: .
flow slide [5699] : trt dng, trt bn. Deleted: .
Dng t trt l v b tri do t nn b ha
lng, hay xy ra di tc dng ca ng t.
n: mudslide.
flow structure [5700] : cu to dng chy.
Kiu cu to trm tch nguyn sinh hnh
thnh do qu trnh st l hay dng chy ngm
di nc.
flow velocity [5701] : vn tc dng chy. Deleted: Cu
Vect biu th vn tc v hng dng chy.
flowage [5702] : bin dng do ca .
flowage land [5703] : t c nc chy qua. Deleted: .
Mt phn bi bi c th s b ngp do p Deleted: .
; phn c dng chy chnh trong mt ct
ngang t nhin ca sng. n: floodway. Deleted: T
flowing [5704] : chy.
Mt dng ph hy t, (ch yu t).
241
 flowing artesian well [5705] : ging actezi,
ging t phun.
X: artesian well; blow well.
flowing well [5706] : ging t chy.
Ging c nc t chy m khng cn bm.
flowline [5707] : ng chy, ng thm,
dng chy.
n: streamline.
fluckite [5708] : fluckit.
Khong vt lin quan vi krautit:
CaMn(HASO4)2
fluctuation [5709] : dao ng.
S dao ng mc nc u n hoc theo
chu k.
fluellite [5710] : fluelit.
Khong vt khng mu hoc mu trng:
Al2(PO4)F2(OH).7H2O,
cng thc c: AlF3 H2O.
fluid escape structure [5711] : cu to
mt nc.
c im trm tch hnh thnh do s thot
nc t mt lp trm tch sau khi qu trnh tch
t vt liu kt thc.
fluid inclusion [5712] : bao th lng.
Bn trong khong vt c nhng l nh
ng knh 1,0-100,0 micron cha cht lng,
kh, cht rn do chng b bao trong tinh th khi
kt tinh. n: liquid inclusion.
fluidity [5713] : chy, linh ng.
fluidity index [5714] : ch s lng.
T l gia phn ht vn ct v mnh vn
trong phn nn ca mt loi ct kt (Pettijohn,
1954). l s o lng (mt v nht)
ca mi trng tch t v xc nh tng phn
chn lc ca trm tch c vn chuyn ti; v
d t l cao ch th v loi trm tch c chn
lc km c tch t trong mi trng vi mt
v nht cao. n: fluidity factor.
flume [5715] : khe sui, mng nc, knh
dn nc.
Rnh nc, mng nc hay thung lng su
v hp c nhiu thc m nc chy qua.
fluoborite [5716] : fluoborit.
Khong vt h su phng khng mu:
Mg3(BO3) (F, OH)3. n: nocerite.
fluocerite [5717] : fluocerit.
Khong vt h su phng mu vng nht
hoc vng- nht: (Ce, La, Nb)F3.
n: tysonite.
fluor spar [5718] : fluor spat.
X: fluorite.
fluorapatite [5719] : fluorapatite.
1- Khong vt nhm apatit: Ca5(PO4)3F, Deleted: a
khong vt ph trong magma. n: apatite.
2- Khong vt apatit, trong fluorin vt Formatted
tri hn clo v hydroxyl. Deleted: b
fluoremetry [5720] : o hunh quang. Formatted
fluorescence [5721] : pht hunh quang.
fluorescence analysis [5722] : phn tch
hunh quang.
fluorescence method [5723] : phng php
hunh quang.
fluorescence spectrum [5724] : ph hunh
quang.
fluoridation [5725] : fluor ha.
S cho thm hp cht cha fluor vo ngun
nc ung duy tr nng ion fluorua nm
trong gii hn chp nhn. Deleted: cho php
fluorine [5726] : fluor (F).
Tn Latinh l fluorum. Nguyn t ha hc
s 9, nguyn t lng 18,9984; t trng
1,696g/cm3, thuc nhm halogen, khng kim
loi nh, lithophil, c 1 ng v bn v 12 ng
v khng bn. Hm lng F trong cc (ppm):
v lc a trn l 611, siu mafic 20, gabro-
basalt 300, granit granodiorit 800, phin
700, trong t 400, nc i dng 1,3mg/l,
nc sng sui 0,001mg/l. Cc khong vt tiu
biu l fluorit, topaz, cryolit. Phng php phn
tch: IC. c s dng trong cc ngnh sn
xut U, knh, plastic, ha cht, v.v.
fluorine dating [5727] : xc nh tui bng
fluor (F).
Xc nh tui tng i ca vt liu trn c
s hm lng F.
fluorite [5728] : fluorit.
Khong vt trong sut n m: CaF2, mu
thng xanh nc bin hay ta, cng = 4
(theo thang Mohs). Fluorit trong cc mch
qung ch, thic, km, c dng tinh th lp
phng, ct khai khi tm mt hon chnh.
Fluorit l khong vt qung ca florin, c s Deleted: .
dng lm cht gy chy trong sn xut thu
tinh v men, sn xut axit hydrro fluoric v lm
vt trang tr. n: fluorspar; fluor; derbyshire
spar.
fluorosis [5729] : bnh nhim c fluor.
Cc chng bnh ngi v ng vt do s
dng thc n, nc ung cha qu nhiu fluor
nh bnh dn xng (osteosclerosis), bnh
"m men rng" (mottled enamel), v.v.
fluorspar [5730] : fluorit. Deleted: .
flush [5731] : chy xit, dng chy mnh. Deleted: a)
1- S tng t ngt lu lng nc sng Deleted: L
242
sui, nc chy mnh trn b t ngt.
2- H hoc m ly cn.
flute [5732] : rnh, khe, mng.
Mng hoc rnh nh, cn c hnh thnh
do qu trnh phong ha v xm thc vi nhng
mc khc nhau, thng gn thng gc vi
mt lp ca .
fluting [5733] : qu trnh to khe, rnh.
Qu trnh phong ha v xm thc khc nhau
trong ht th, nt th (hay phn phin) s
l nhiu nh granit hoc gneis, s pht trin
b mt mng rnh g gh, v nhu; c bit l
s thnh to cc g nh v cc h vng do hot
ng ca sng.
fluvial [5734] : sng, dng chy.
1- Tnh t thuc v sng, do sng to nn,
dng chy.
2- S tn ti, s pht trin hoc sinh sng
trn sng (sui) hoc gn sng (sui).
3- Do sng (sui) to nn. Ting Latinh:
fluvius, "c ngha l sng".
fluvial cycle of erosion [5735] : chu k xm
thc sng.
X: normal cycle.
fluvial denudation [5736] : xm thc do sng.
S bin i bc mn b mt do sng, lin
quan ti qu trnh phong ha, mi mn, thi v
chy trn.
fluvial deposit [5737] : trm tch sng sui.
Trm tch bao gm cc vt liu c dng
chy vn chuyn ti v lm lng ng.
n: fluviatile deposit.
fluvial lake [5738] : h do sng to nn.
1- H nc chy (nhn thy c mt cch
trc quan), v d: khu vc cha nc ni lin
hai vng cha nc vi cao khc nhau c th
to c th to ra mt dng chy.
2- Khu vc nc sng chy chm do sng
m rng chiu ngang.
fluviation [5739] : hot ng ca sng.
Cc hot ng v cc qu trnh do sng
thc hin.
fluviograph [5740] : dng c o mc nc.
Dng c o v ghi t ng mc nc sng.
n: fluviometer.
fluviokarst [5741] : karst do sng, karst sng.
Karst c hnh thnh gn ranh gii ca
thm d ha tan.
fluviolacustrine [5742] : trm tch sng h.
Trm tch c lng ng trong c hai iu
kin nc h v iu kin nc sng; hoc trm
tch c tch t xen k gia iu kin nc h
v nc sng. Deleted: tng t ngt
fluviology [5743] : khoa hc v sng, sng Deleted: , chy
ngi hc. Deleted: b)
fluviomarine [5744] : trm tch sng bin.
Deleted: .
Loi trm tch bin c cha vt liu trm
Deleted: .
tch sng ti to vi s c mt ca cc tn tch
sinh vt bin.
fluviometer [5745] : dng c o mc nc. Deleted: .
X: fluviograph.
fluviomorphology [5746] : a mo sng, sui
(dng chy). Deleted: .
fluxoturbidite [5747] : dng bn trt l.
Trm tch c hnh thnh do c hai c ch
tch t t dng bn v t s trt l ngm di
bin. c c trng bi kin trc ht th, phn Deleted: .
lp dy, phn cp ht km. n: fluxie. Deleted: a)
flying bar [5748] : doi ct bay hay di
chn bay. Deleted: b)
Mt nhnh ca di ct ngm hay mi t Deleted: .
c hnh thnh v pha t lin ca o, lm Deleted: c)
gim thp mc nc bin do tc dng ca sng
triu khi n b ph hy.
flysch [5749] : trm tch flis; trm tch Deleted: .
dng nhp.
Tng trm tch bin c trng bi s xen k Deleted: .
nhp nhng ca t nht ba lp c thnh phn
thch hc khc nhau, ht gim dn v pha
trn ca mi nhp.
foam concrete [5750] : b tng bt. Deleted: .
foam mark [5751] : vt bt.
Loi cu to trm tch b mt c cha cc g
v rnh nh, c hnh thnh ni bt (to nn
t tc ng ca gi trn nc bin) b tri dt Deleted: .
trn b mt ct t hoc m. Deleted: )
foggite [5752] : fogit. Deleted: a)
Khong vt h thoi: CaAl(PO4)(OH)2H2O.
foid [5753] : foid.
Thut ng ch nhm khong vt Deleted: b)
feldspathoid. T nguyn gc feldspathoid.
foid bearing [5754] : cha foid, c foid. Deleted: .
Trong phn loi ca IUGS, tip u ng tn
gi ca (syenit, monzonit, v.v.) ch xm
nhp vi F = 0 10. Tn gi c xc nh
bi P/(A+P) v i vi mt vi loi , bi
thnh phn ca plagioclas. i vi c bit,
thut ng "foid" c thay th bi Deleted: .
"feldspathoid". V d, gabro cha nephelin bao
gm nephelin v c F = 0 10, P/(A+P) ln
hn 90, v plagioclas calcit hn An50.
foid diorite [5755] : foid diorit.
Trong phn loi ca IUGS, xm nhp vi
F = 10 60, P/(A+P) ln hn 90, v plagioclas
243
natri hn An50.
foid gabro [5756] : foid gabro.
Trong phn loi ca IUGS, xm nhp vi
F = 10 60, P/(A+P) ln hn 90, v plagioclas
calcic hn An50. n: theralite.
foid monzodiorite [5757] : foid mozodiorit.
Trong phn loi ca IUGS, xm nhp vi
F = 10 60, P/(A+P) = 50 90, v plagioclas
natri hn An50. n: essexite.
foid monzogabro [5758] : foid mozogabro.
Trong phn loi ca IUGS, xm nhp vi
F = 10 60, P/(A+P) = 50 90, v plagioclas
calcic hn An50. n: essexite.
foid monzosyenite [5759] : foid mozosyenit.
Trong phn loi ca IUGS, xm nhp vi
F = 10 60, P/(A+P) = 10 50.
n: foid plagiosyenite.
foid syenite [5760] : foid syenit.
Trong phn loi ca IUGS, xm nhp vi
F = 10 60, v P/(A+P) nh hn 10.
foidite [5761] : foidit.
xm nhp hoc ni la trong
feldsparoid chim t 60 n 100% thnh phn
khong vt sng mu, v d nh: uralit, ijolit,
melteigit, italit, v.v. i khi ch hn ch i vi
cc magma trong feldsparoid chim ti
90-100% khong vt sng mu. Theo Sorensen
(1974), foidit ch s dng cho cc ni la,
cn foidolit cho cc tng ng ht ln-cc
xm nhp.
foidolite [5762] : foidolit.
Trong phn loi ca IUGS, xm nhp vi
F = 1060; Thut ng chung bao gm melteigit,
misourit, ijolit, fergusit, urtit v italit.
fold [5763] : np un, a hnh ln sng
nhp nh.
1- Thut ng Anh ch s ln sng (hnh
sin) ca b mt a hnh (v d nh i thp k
tip min trng nng).
2- L cu trc th nm ca cc lp thay
i do b un di tc ng ca cc lc kin to
sau trm tch. Np un c phn loi trn c
s hnh thi v cung cch hnh thnh chng.
3- Ch nh cao trn u trn b mt v Tay
cun (thng l mnh lng), cong li ra pha
ngoi theo mt ct ngang v t nh ta tia ra,
thng nm v tr gia mnh, kt hp vi rnh
ca mnh i din; v Chn bng l mt g
cun xon bn trong vch v, v d np
cun. (cs)
fold axis [5764] : trc un np.
fold breccia [5765] : dm kt, un np. Deleted: dm un np
Dm kt kin to a phng c thnh phn
bao gm cc mnh vn gc cnh hnh thnh do
qu trnh un np mnh ca cc phn lp
mng, gin. V d mt loi dm kt hnh thnh
ni c cc lp phin silic v phin st xen
nhau b un np mnh. n: reibungsbreccia.
fold coast [5766] : b bin un np. Deleted: .
Hnh dng b bin c khng ch bi cc
np un.
fold mountains [5767] : min ni un np. Deleted: .
Min ni c hnh thnh do cc b un
np trn quy m rng ln, sau c
nng ln.
folded [5768] : b un np do cc qu trnh
thnh to a cht.
Foleyan [5769] : Foley.
Bc Bc M. Pliocen (nm trn Clovelly,
nm di Pleistocen).
foliation shear zone [5770] : i dp v dng
phin l.
Cc i dp v dng phin l hnh thnh do
chuyn dch chnh lch gia cc lp k nhau
ca bin cht, tp trung cc lp yu hn, v
d nh mica, chlorite, talc hay phin graphite,
trong tng khi trng cng chc hn nh
granit gneis v quartzit. Mc d c th di hng
vi trm mt, chuyn dch thng khng ln,
ch t vi cm n 1-2m. Chiu dy i st kin
to, vn thng ch vi cm, nhng hai bn,
thng b dp v mnh, bin i v c nt
dy ti 1-2 mt.
follow up bit [5771] : mi khoan gn vi
cn mm.
Dng lm tng lch ca ng d.
fondo [5772] : fondo. Deleted: .
cp ti mi trng trm tch y nc
su. Ting Ty Ban Nha c ngha l y.
fondoform [5773] : hnh dng fondo.
V tr, hnh dng ca mi trng trm tch
fondo.
fondothem [5774] : fondo.
Loi c hnh thnh trong mi trng
trm tch fondo.
Fontainebleau sandstone [5775] : ct kt
Fontainebleau.
Loi ct kt thch anh b kh silic (hoc loi
ct thch anh b ri) m xi mng vi ca n to
nn mt tp hp calcit kt tinh trong cc ht
ct c khm vo. in hnh c mt
Fontainebleau (bn trng Paris, nc Php).
n: fontainebleau limestone.
244
 food cycle [5776] : vng thc n.
Tt c cc chui thc n ca mt tp hp
sinh vt; cc mi quan h v thc n gia cc
thnh vin trong mt qun c lm cho qun c
c th tn ti.
food groove [5777] : khe dn thc n.
Mt rnh chn mt ng vt Da gai, v d
mt rnh chy dc mt pha ming ca xng
tia Hu bin v i ngang qua np ming n
ming; Tay cun l mt rnh chy dc chiu
di ca mt trc ca cc tay, hn ch bi mt
mi c v gc ca cc dy chng.
foot [5778] : chn, chi.
Phn bng ca c th Thn mm, gm ch
yu mt b mt hoc mu c c chc nng di
chuyn con vt, v d Chn bng v Thn
mm hai mnh; chi Chn t, nh B ba thy,
V gip, v.v.
foot slope [5779] : chn sn.
Thut ng chung ch b mt sn i m
mt phn ca nh l sn ra trn v bao gm
"tt c cc sn c dc ang b gim thp".
footing [5780] : mng nh, mng cng trnh.
Kh nng chu ti cho php.
footprint [5781] : du chn, vt chn.
n: track (cs).
foram [5782] : Trng l.
n: foraminifer.
foram number [5783] : ch s Trng l.
Trong nghin cu Trng l v s lng, l
tng s cc loi Trng l trong mt mu 1 gram
(trng lng kh) vt liu c c ht ln hn
0,1mm.
foramen [5784] : l.
Mt ming l, l thng, l ca hay l nh,
nh l l cung Tay cun, l vch ngn
Chn u Nautiloidea, nht l l ca li
thng cc phng lin k v Trng l; cng l
loi l nh mt khc xng cho mt mch
mu hay dy thn kinh i qua. Sn: foramina.
foraminifer [5785] : Trng l (Foraminifera).
ng vt nguyn sinh thuc mt b c v
gm mt hay nhiu phng calcit (t khi l silic
hay aragonit) c tit ra hoc gm cc ht nh
c gn kt li. Phn ln Trng l sng bin,
nhng cng thy t dng nc ngt. Tui: t
Cambri n ngy nay. n: foram;
foraminiferan; foraminifera; foraminiferid.
foraminiferal limestone [5786] : vi
Trng l.
Loi vi c thnh phn ch yu l cc tn
tch Trng l bm y v tri ni, thng
khng c nn ht mn. V d: vi Fusulin,
vi Nummulit.
foraminiferal ooze [5787] : bn Trng l.
Loi bn m cc tn tch khung xng trong
l v ca cc loi Trng l; l mt loi
bn vi.
foraminiferan [5788] : Trng l.
Thuc hay xut x t Trng l hay v ca
chng, v d vi Trng l.
foraminite [5789] : Trng l.
Loi trm tch c thnh phn ch yu l
tn tch ca cc loi Trng l.
force displacement laws in distinct element
method [5790] :
nh lut v quan h gia lc-chuyn v, p
dng trong phng php phn t ring bit
(tch bit) (DEM).
force of crystallization [5791] : lc kt tinh.
X: crystallinzing force. Deleted: .
forced vibrations [5792] : dao ng
cng bc.
fore arc basin [5793] : bn trc cung. Deleted: .
Kiu bn trm tch, thng c dng ko di,
nm gia cung ni la v thm st l trong i
ra mng hi t. C hng song song vi cung Deleted: xem tract
v gn cung hn so vi bn sn ho su Formatted
(trench-slope basin) v ho su (trench). Deleted: xem foraminifer
fore reef [5794] : m tiu trc.
Formatted
Mt hng ra pha bin ca mt loi m
Deleted: .
tiu; ti nhng ni m sn dc ng c ph
bi trm tch sn ta luy m tiu.
forecast [5795] : d bo, d on.
foredeep [5796] : vc su trc, rnh trc. Deleted:
Mt kiu trng c dng ko di gip vi mt
cung o hoc mt ai to ni khc.
foreign inclusion [5797] : bao th l. Formatted
Mnh b bao trong magma. Deleted: .
n: xenolith. Formatted
foreland [5798] : mi t. Deleted: .
1- Mt vng t rng, cao hoc thp, nh ra
Formatted
bin t pha b bin. n: headland.
Deleted: a)
2- Di t nh ra bin, thp, phng do sng
bin v dng bin bi p di chn cc sn Deleted: .
dc hoc chn cc vch ng st b bin. Deleted: b)
3- Mt phn ca b bin t nhin, hng ra Deleted: c)
bin ti bin, lun lun chu tc ng ca Deleted: t
sng bin v lm gim nh lc tc dng ca
Formatted
sng bin.
foreland facies [5799] : tng thm lc a. Formatted
Tng trm tch thm lc a. Formatted
foreset bedding [5800] : phn lp trung gian. Formatted
Thut ng tng ng vi phn lp xin; Deleted: .
245
hin tng phn lp nghing so vi b mt trm
tch ch yu.
foreshore [5801] : bi bin.
1- Phn thp, thoi dn, hng ra bin ca
i b bin hay i ven b, nm gia mc nc
thp nht v nh b thm cao nht trn mt
nc ca b bin pha sau; hoc i b nc
triu ln-triu xung trn ngp hoc khng
chm ngp mt cch c quy lut; i nm gia
nhng mc thy triu bnh thng.
2- Khu vc c s thay i thy triu.
3- Thut ng t dng hn ch di t nm
gia bn nc (v d h hoc sui) vi t
canh tc.
forest bed [5802] : trm tch forest.
Mt loi trm tch xen bng c cha t, tn
tch thn g v cc thc vt khc. n: black
drift; chip yard; woodyard.
forest moss peat [5803] : than bn forest-
moss.
Than bn c hnh thnh trong cc m ly
c rng.
forest peat [5804] : than bn forest.
Than bn m ly cao c thnh to t cc
tn tch ca cy ci.
forested area [5805] : khu vc uc
trng rng.
forhugite [5806] : forhugit.
Khong vt mu trng: Ca4Si3O9 (OH)2
form [5807] : hnh dng, dng a hnh.
X: landform.
form genus [5808] : ging hnh thi.
Cp phn loi dng thun tin trong vic
phn loi ho thch c quan h khng r rng,
nh gn gi nhau v hnh thi. Trong cc ha
thch thc vt, ging hnh thi l ging khng
th quy vo mt h, nhng c th xp vo mt
cp cao hn; km thng dng hn, c p
dng khng chnh thc cho mt ging trong
mt dy cc ging lin quan c tch ra t
mt ging quen bit; p dng khng chnh thc
cho mt ging cha nhiu loi c cng mt
hnh thi chung nhng ghi l c nhng t tin
khng lin quan g vi nhau. Cn vit l form-
genus.
forma [5809] : dng.
Cp thp nht dng trong cng vic phn
loi hc thng thng, ni chung p dng cho
cc bin i khng quan trng thy cc c th
ca mt qun c.
formal unit [5810] : phn v chnh thc.
Phn v a tng c m t v gi tn ph
hp vi nguyn tc ca h thng phn loi hay
danh php c chnh thc ha hoc quy
c. Ch ci u tin ca tn phn v a tng Deleted: .
chnh thc thng vit hoa. Ss: informal unit. Deleted: ca phn loi hay danh php
formanite [5811] : formanit. quc t
Khong vt mu en: Y(Ta,Nb)O4, ng Deleted: a)
hnh vi fergusonit, cha uran, thori, calci,
titan v zircon.
format [5812] : h tng lin kt.
Thut ng ch phn v thch a tng Deleted: cgii thiu
khng chnh thc, lin kt mt s phn v Deleted: cho phn ni tip bn cnh
khng ging nhau v mt thch hc thun Deleted: b)
tin trong o v bn khu vc.
Deleted: chnh thng, bao gm hai
formation [5813] : h tng; a hnh c hoc nhiu hn phn v thch hc khc
trng, thnh h. nhau nhng ph hp vi bn khu vc,
c m t theo thut ng chung nh mt
1- (t) L phn v c bn ca h thng phn phn v thch hc lin quan vi phn v
loi thch a tng c xc lp trn c s c a tng chnh thng trn mt im (hay
trn mt khu vc), vi ranh gii mt ct
im thch hc ca , do cng l phn v tng ca mi vng khc nhau, ni c
ch yu o v a cht. H tng c th ch phn v a tng chnh thng c s
dng. Thut ng c s dng cho phn
gm mt loi trm tch, bin cht, v c hiu lc nh tng nh du, quan st
phun tro phn lp xen trm tch, hoc t c c mt ng thi. Cc "chun a
tng" gip hu ch cho s lin h gia cc
hp cc . Khi xc lp h tng i hi phi vng c mt ct a tng c phn chia
i snh n vi mt phn v ca thi a tng thnh cc thnh h khc nhau m khng
quc t, ni cch khc l xc nh tui ca n. c gi tr thi gian tng ng. Xem
assise.
Vic xc nh tui c th da vo ha thch,
vo tui ng v, hoc bng i snh. Ranh gii
h tng, ty theo tnh trng thc t ca s bo
tn cc mt ct, c th c xc nh r hay gi
nh, khng nht thit phi cng thi trn mi
im phn b ca h tng. H tng c th dy Deleted: .
vi mt, v c th dy ti hng nghn mt. H
tng phi c chun a tng (stratotyp). H tng
c th tp hp thnh lot (group) hoc chia
thnh tp (member). n: geologic formation.
2- (m) c im a hnh t nhin, thng
thng khc vi a hnh, a vt k cn (hoc
lin k hay ln cn), v d mt dng a hnh
xm thc dng tuyn.
fornacite [5814] : fornacit.
Khong vt mu xanh oliu:
Pb2Cu(CrO4)[(As, P)O4](OH).
forsterite [5815] : forsterit.
Khong vt mu trng nht hoc mu vng
nht ca nhm olivin: Mg2SiO4, ng hnh vi
fayalit, c trong dolomit b bin cht hoc
vi kt tinh. n: white-olivine.
foshallassite [5816] : foshalassit.
Khong vt mu trng tuyt:
Ca3Si2O73H2O (?)
fossa [5817] : h, hc, hm.
Mt ch lm trn mt khp ca xng Hu
bin cc c hay dy chng bm vo; mt ch
246
lm trn b mt mt ci xng cho c bm
vo, hoc cha mt hch, t sn hay mt
phn mm khc. Sn: fossae.
fosse [5818] : knh, mng, ho.
ng thot nc di v hp.
fossil [5819] : ha thch.
Cc di tch, du vt hay vt in ca thc vt
hoc ng vt c bo tn trong lp v Tri
t t mt thi gian a cht hay tin s qua,
ni rng hn l mt chng c ca cuc sng
qua.
fossil assemblage [5820] : t hp ha thch.
X: assemblage.
fossil association [5821] : (lin kt) qun hp
ha thch.
X: association.
fossil community [5822] : qun x ha thch.
Mt phc h trong cc c th sng
cng mt ni, ti ha thch ca chng
c tm thy, c mt vi xp x cng mt s
lng v kch thc nh khi chng cn sng, v
nh vy khng tri qua mt di chuyn no sau
khi cht. n: in-place assemblage.
fossil diagenesis [5823] : qu trnh to
ha thch.
Mt ngnh ca c sinh thi hc lin quan
n lch s ca cc di tch sinh vt sau khi b
chn vi.
fossil erosion surface [5824] : mt xm thc
n, mt xm thc chn vi.
B mt (hay mt xm thc) xm thc b
chn vi bi cc trm tch tr hn v sau b
ra tri, di chuyn v l ra. n: buried erosion
surface.
fossil karst [5825] : karst n.
n: relict karst; paleokarst .
fossil ore [5826] : qung gn kt.
M qung trm tch cha st, v d nh
qung Clinton, trong cc mnh vn v sinh
vt b thay th ng thi c hematit v
carbonat gn kt li.
fossil peneplain [5827] : bn bnh nguyn n.
Bn bnh nguyn b chn vi bi cc trm
tch tr hn, sau li c l ra do s di
chuyn, bc mn cc trm tch .
n: stripped peneplain.
fossil plain [5828] : ng bng ha .
ng bng (hay bnh nguyn) b vi lp bi
cc trm tch tr hn v sau c l ra do s
bc mn v vn chuyn ca cc trm tch ny.
fossil record [5829] : dn liu ha thch.
Dn liu v i sng trong qu kh a cht
m sau l ra do cc chuyn ng xy ra Deleted: s
v sau.
fossil ripple [5830] : ln sng ha thch. Deleted:
Du vt gn sng c bo tn trn b mt Formatted
mt loi trm tch. Deleted: .
fossil time [5831] : thi gian ha thch.
Thi gian a cht c lng trn c s s
tin ha ca sinh vt.
fossil water [5832] : nc chn vi.
X: connate water.
fossiliferous [5833] : cha ha thch.
Lp trm tch c cha ha thch.
fossilization [5834] : ha thch ha.
Tt c cc qu trnh bao gm s chn vi
mt thc vt hay ng vt trong trm tch v s
bo tn cui cng ca ton b, mt phn hay
du vt ca n.
fossilized stresses resulting from denudation
[5835] : ng sut ha thch.
ng sut pht sinh do cc hot ng
xm thc.
fossula [5836] : h nh, hc nh, hm nh.
Mt khong rng v hi g ln mt cch Deleted:
khng bnh thng gia cc vch ca San h g Formatted
rp (Rugosa), phn bit bi hnh dng v kch
thc, v to nn bi s mt i ca mt hay vi
vch; B ba thy l mt lm nh hnh l c
th c trn rnh trc khin u hay rnh ra sau.
foundation [5837] : mng.
Phn di cng ca cng trnh qua ti Deleted: .
trng ca kt cu truyn xung t.
foundation pressure [5838] : p lc ca mng.
X: Boussinesq pressure bull; earth pressure. Deleted: i khi c s dng nh l
founder breccia [5839] : dm kt st l. Deleted:
fourling [5840] : bn n tinh. Deleted: .
Song tinh ca bn n th. Ss: twoling;
Deleted: .
triling; fiveling.
Deleted: b)
fourmarierite [5841] : formarierit.
Khong vt th sinh mu -cam n nu:
PbU4O13.4H2O.
fourth order pinacoid [5842] : hnh i mt
bc 4. Deleted: .
Hnh i mt trong tinh th h ba nghing
[hkl], [hkl] hoc [hkl].
fourth order prism [5843] : hnh lng tr
bc 4. Deleted: T
Dng tinh th trong tinh th h n nghing Deleted: .
c hai cp mt song song, hnh thoi trong mt Deleted: .
thng gc v song song vi hng nghing. K
hiu ca chng l [hkl] hoc [hkl]. Ss: first-
order prism, second-order prism, fourth-order
247
prism. n: hemipyramid khng s dng na.
fowlerite [5844] : fowlerit.
Loi rhodonit cha km.
foyaite [5845] : foyait.
Syenit nephelin bao gm ch yu feldspar
kali; u tin m t nh ng ngha vi syenit
nephelin, sau c p dng cho syenit
nephelin vi kin trc trachyt. Tn ly t a
danh Foya B o Nha. t c s dng.
FPS units [5846] : h n v o lng ft-
pao-giy.
H n v o lng c truyn ca Anh da
trn 3 i lng chnh v di-ft (foot),
trng lng-pao (pound) v thi gian-giy
(second).
fra Mauro basalt [5847] : basalt gn ming
ni la fra Mauro trn Mt trng.
Mt lp cc basalt tm thy cao
nguyn trn Mt trng, khc bit vi cc
basalt khc trc ht bi hm lng plagioclas
ca chng cao hn hn. S lng cc bin th
c xc nh trn c s thnh phn ha hc.
Tn gi c bt ngun t ni m tu Apollo 14
h cnh trn Mt trng gn ming ni la fra
Mauro, ti basalt ny c su tp ln
u tin.
fractional crystallization [5848] : kt tinh
phn on.
S kt tinh trong nhng tinh th thnh to
sm ngn cn s cn bng vi dung th m t
chng pht trin to nn mt dy cc dung
th tn d c thnh phn khc bit hn vi dung
th c sinh ra t qu trnh kt tinh cn bng.
n: fractionation.
fractionation [5849] : phn on.
S tch ra ca cc nguyn t ha hc trong
t nhin bi cc qu trnh nh s tp trung
mnh m ca nguyn t trong khong vt trong
s kt tinh magma, hoc s ha tan ca chng
trong qu trnh phong ha cc .
fracture [5850] : t gy, khe nt, dp v,
vt v.
1- S hnh thnh cc mt phn tch trong
mu bng cch ph v cc mi lin kt trong
mu to nn cc b mt mi. Thi im
bt u xut hin khe nt khng nht thit
trng vi thi im mu b ph hy hoc t
ti sc bn cc i. X: discontinuities.
2- Mt khong vt to nn do b dp v. C
th m t khong vt theo vt v c trng ca
chng nh vt v khng bng phng, dng si,
vt v v s hoc vt v nham nh.
fracture mechanics [5851] : c hc khe nt.
B mn c hc nghin cu cc tnh cht c
l v hnh vi ca khe nt, tc mi trng khng
lin tc.
X: mechanics of discontinuous medium.
fracture porosity [5852] : rng khe nt.
rng c hnh thnh do s ph v .
fracture spring [5853] : mch khe nt. Deleted: .
Mch nc (hoc sui) chy ra t ni giao
nhau ca cc khe nt.
fracture system [5854] : h thng khe nt
Mt tp hp hoc mt nhm khe nt c
hnh thnh trong cng mt khong thi gian.
fracture toughness test [5855] : th nghim
khe nt.
Th nghim o nng lng cn thit pht
trin mt khe nt. Th nghim c thit k
to ra mt khe nt ti mt im xc nh trc
v pht trin n mt cch n nh.
fractured annulus around a circular
opening [5856] :
Vnh, i nt n, dp v quanh hm l, h
o tit din trn.
fractured zone [5857] : i dp v, nt n.
fractureness [5858] : mc dp v, nt n.
fragment [5859] : mnh v, mnh vn.
Mt mnh b v ri t mt khi c
trc. V d mt mnh vn hnh thnh do cc
qu trnh ng lc, phong ho hoc hot ng
ni la.
fragmental rock [5860] : mnh vn.
Ch trm tch mnh vn; vn ni la;
vn sinh vt.
fragmental texture [5861] : kin trc
mnh vn. Deleted: .
1- Kiu kin trc ca cc trm tch hnh
thnh t qu trnh vn chuyn c hc v tch t
cc mnh vn; kiu kin trc ca cc trm
tch vn. Thut ng dng phn bit vi kiu
kin trc kt tinh.
2- Kiu kin trc ca cc vn ni la,
nh kin trc ca tuf hoc dm kt ni la.
fragmentary [5862] : mnh .
C cha hoc c trng bi vt liu mnh
vn. Thut ng c s dng ch cc c
thnh phn l nhng mnh vn t c hn
hoc ch cc c kin trc khng ng nht.
framestone [5863] : khung m tiu.
Mt kiu m tiu hoc nguyn a bao
gm cc qun th, v s c hoc khung xng
hp to vi nhau thnh mng hay khung cng
chc. Cc l rng bn trong c trm tch ht
248
mn, xi mng kt tinh hoc mnh vn ln khung
xng lp y.
framework [5864] : phn ht vn trong
trm tch; kt cu khung.
1- Cc ht trm tch tip xc vi nhau to
nn s sp xp cng chc trong mt loi
trm tch, gia chng c nhng khong trng
c vt liu nn v (hoc) xi mng lp y. V
d nh cc ht vn trong ct kt.
2- Thnh vch nm trong l thng th v
c thnh vch kp thuc ng vt Chn c
(Archaeocyathida).
framework silicate [5865] : silicat khung.
Silicat khung c gc t din [(Sin-xAlx)O2n]-x
l nhng anion phc tp to nn b khung ba
chiu do lin kt lin tc ca cc t din silic-
oxygen vi nhau. c trng cho silicat khung l
nhng khong vt ca nhm feldspar.
francevillite [5866] : francevilit.
Khong vt th sinh mu vng:
(Ba,Pb)(UO2)2 (VO4)2.5H2O.
francium [5867] : franci (Fr).
Tn Latinh l francium. L nguyn t ha
hc nhm I h thng tun hon Mendeleev, s
th t nguyn t 87, thuc nhm kim loi kim.
Fr thng xp vo nhng nguyn t c tng
hp mc d ban u ngi ta pht hin n trong
t nhin (1939). Ngi pht hin ra n l nh
khoa hc Php M. Perey, b chng minh ch
trong nhng trng hp rt him actini (Ac)
mi phn r phng ra ht, thng thng l ht
-. Sn phm ca s phn r ca actini l
franci. Fr l mt trong nhng nguyn t him
nht, l kim loi kim in hnh, hot ng nht
trong mi kim loi.
franckeite [5868] : franckeit.
Khong vt mu xm sm hoc en:
Pb5Sn3Sb2S14.
francoanellite [5869] : francoanelit
Khong vt h su phng:
H6K3Al5(PO4)18.13H2O.
francolite [5870] : francolit
Khong vt h su phng:
(Na,Ca)2(Nb,Ti)4O11.nH2O.
frankdicksonite [5871] : frankdicksonit.
Khong vt: BaF2, tm thy vng Nevada.
Franklin criterion [5872] : tiu chun sc bn
Franklin.
franklinite [5873] : franklinit.
Khong vt: (Zn, Mn+2, Fe+2)(Fe+3, Mn+3)2O4
mu en-st ca lot magnetit thuc nhm
spinel, ging magnetit, nhng t tnh yu hn.
Franklinit l khong vt qung km.
fransoletite [5874] : fransoletit.
Khong vt th sinh: H2Ca3Be2(PO4)4. Deleted: c cu t chc ca h thng
my tnh, thn
franzinite [5875] : franzinit.
Khong vt: (Na21.53 Ca12.50 Mg0.2
Fe0.03)(Si31.32 Al28.68)O (SO4)7.7 (CO3)2.03 (OH)3.48,
thuc nhm cancrinit.
Frasnian [5876] : Frasni.
Bc do Omalius dHalloy (1862) xc lp
theo a danh Frasne (B) l bc di ca
Devon thng ca thi a tng quc t. Deleted: Chu u. Devon thng
(nm trn Givet, nm di Famenni).
freboldite [5877] : freboldit.
Khong vt h su phng: CoSe. Deleted: .
Fredericksburgian [5878] : Fredericksburgi
Bc Bc M. Creta h (nm trn Trinit,
nm di Washit).
fredrikssonite [5879] : fredriksonit.
Khong vt: Mg2Mn+3(BO3)O2, a hnh vi
pinakiolit, takeuchit v orthopinakiolit.
free arm [5880] : tay t do.
on dng phin ca mt cu t Rng nn
(Conodonta) khng b tm nn bm vo
bn sn.
free cheek [5881] : m t do.
Phn bn ca khin u B ba thy pha
ngoi ng khu trn mt, tch ra khi khin
u trong thi gian lt xc, v gm din nhn
ca mt. n: librigena. Formatted
free ground water [5882] : nc t do, nc
khng p
X: unconfined ground water.
free margin [5883] : ra t do.
Ra ngoi vi ca v Ostracoda khng k
bn l.
free meander [5884] : khc un t do. Deleted: .
Khc un cong ca sng chim ch rt d
dng do xm thc ngang.
free milling ore [5885] : qung d tuyn.
free operculum [5886] : np t do.
Phn ca bng Trng hai lng roi
(Dinoflagellata) b bao quanh hon ton bi cc
ng khu l vch bo c s lin kt khng
ng khu vi phn cn li ca bng. n: free Formatted
opercular piece.
free vibrations [5887] : dao ng t do.
free water [5888] : nc t do.
freezing [5889] : ng bng.
Qu trnh lm cho cht lng to nhit v
ng chc. Thng thng i vi nc, nhng
cng ch qu trnh ng cng ca kim loi nu
chy, v qu trnh ngui lnh magma.
249
 Dt: freeze.
freezing interval [5890] : khong kt tinh.
X: crystallization interval.
freibergite [5891] : freibergit.
Khong vt: (Ag, Cu)12 (Sb, As)4S13, ng
hnh vi tetrahedrit.
freieslebenite [5892] : freieslebenit.
Khong vt mu xm thp n xm sm:
PbAgSb3.
French drain [5893] : thot nc kiu Php.
frenulum [5894] : quai.
Tr nh ni vi phn trong ca ng tr mt
gai n tia gn gc mt mu nn Trng tia
Phaeodaria. Sn: frenula.
frequency transform [5895] : bin i tn s.
Mt qu trnh th hin nh bng cc thnh
phn tn s.
fresh [5896] : nht.
Thuc v nc c tng khong nh.
fresh bit [5897] : mi khoan mi.
fresh water [5898] : nc nht.
Nc c khong ha thp (thng c
quy nh l khng qu 1g/l) thch hp cho vic
n ung v ch bin thc phm.
n: sweet water.
fresh water estuary [5899] : ca sng
nc nht.
1- Ca sng c ngun nc nht vo
loi tr nc mn. X: positive estuary.
2- nhng h nc ln, c nhng nhnh
nc v h, phn tip gip gia nhnh v h
thng c ca rng, gi l vng chuyn tip
gia sng nhnh v h; mc nc y chu
nh hng ca mc nc h do seiches (thy
triu gi, mc nc dao ng h) hoc wind
tides (thy triu do gi to nn). Ch tip gip
gia h v nhnh sng thng c doi t hoc
p chn.
fresh water ice [5900] : bng nc nht.
Bng c hnh thnh bi nc nht sng
sui, h hoc di t ng kt li khi nhit
xung thp. n: fresh ice.
fresh water lens [5901] : thu knh nc nht.
Khi nc nht c hnh dng mt thu knh,
din phn b hp, nm trong vng nc l
(mn), thng gp nhng cn ct ven bin
hay hi o.
fresh water limestone [5902] : vi
nc nht.
Loi vi c hnh thnh do s tch t
hoc kt ta ca nc nht h, sng sui,
hang ng. vi y thng c to hoc
nt sn.
freshwater estuary [5903] : ca sng
nc nht. Deleted: .
1- Ca sng c lng nc chy v vt qu Deleted: a)
v loi tr nc mt ca bin.
2- on sng thp ca mt sng nhnh Deleted: b)
vo h ln l i chuyn tip t nc sng vo
nc h v b nh hng mc nc do mc
nc h thay i.
freshwater limestone [5904] : vi
nc nht.
Loi vi c thnh to t s tch t trm
tch trong mt h, sng sui hay hang
nc nht.
freshwater sediment [5905] : trm tch
nc nht.
Mt trm tch c lng ng trong mi Deleted: .
trng nc nht.
Fresnian [5906] : Fresni.
Bc Bc M. Eocen thng (nm trn
Nariz, nm di Refugi). Deleted: sch
fresnoite [5907] : fresnoit
Khong vt: Ba2TiSiO8.
freudenbergite [5908] : freudenbergit.
Khong vt h su phng mu en: Deleted: (a)
Na2(Ti, Fe)8O16. Deleted: 1- Nc cha < 1000mg/lt
friction [5909] : ma st, lc ma st. cc cht rn ha tan. Nhn chung nc >
500mg/lt l khng ph hp vi nc
S (lc) cn li chuyn ng ca mt vt th ung v nhiu ngnh cng nghip khc.
trn mt vt th khc. Khi p lc tng ln, din Deleted: (b)
tch tip xc gia hai vt th cng tng. Do vy,
Deleted: 2- Trong s dng chung, nc
lc cn ma st t l thun vi p lc gia cc vt ca sui v cc h khng b nh hng
th v khng ph thuc vo din tch tip xc bi nc mui hay cc cha mui.
gia chng; Ma st m, lc ma st xy ra i Deleted: ngt
vi mng cc, khi t xung quanh ln st Deleted: a)
nhanh hn cc, cht thm ti ln cc. Deleted: ngt
friction angle [5910] : gc ma st, gc ni ma
Deleted: chng
st ca t, .
X: angle of internal friction. Deleted: khi
friction breccia [5911] : dm kt sit p; dm Deleted: chuyn ng
kt c nt. Deleted: b)
Loi dm kt c thnh phn l cc mnh Deleted: cng
v vn hnh thnh t qu trnh ch st. V d
Deleted: ln
loi dm kt thnh to do qu trnh ch st gia
Deleted: ngt
hai cnh vi nhau ca mt t gy.
friction circle method [5912] : phng php Deleted: ngt
ng trn ma st. Deleted: ngt
Phng php xc nh cung (mt) trt
trong t.
friction only wedge stability charts [5913] : Deleted: h
phng php (ton ) tnh n nh ca
khi nm ch da trn lc ma st.
friction pile [5914] : cc ma st.
250
 frictional resistance [5915] : sc khng
ma st.
fridrichite [5916] : fridrichit.
Khong vt: Cu5Pb5Bi7S18 lot aikinit-
bismuthinit c cu trc c o.
friedelite [5917] : friedelit.
Khong vt mu hng-:
Mn8Si6O18(OH,Cl)4.3H2O.
fringe [5918] : dim.
Phn ngoi vi hai lp mng b r gip u
B ba thy thuc h Trinucleidae v
Harpetidae.
fritting [5919] : thiu kt.
S tan chy tng phn ca thch anh v
khong vt khc, mi ht tr nn trn hn do s
phn i ca thy tinh. Kt qu s nung chy
trong t nhin l do tc dng tip xc ca basalt
v dung nham ni la vi cc b tip xc.
fritzscheite [5920] : fritzscheit.
Khong vt: Mn(UO2)2(VO4)2.10H2O (?)
thuc nhm autunit.
frohbergite [5921] : frohbergit.
Khong vt: FeTe2, ng hnh vi marcasit.
frolovite [5922] : frolovit.
Khong vt mu trng: CaB2O4.4H2O.
frondelite [5923] : frondelit.
Khong vt: MnFe4+3(PO4)3(OH)5.
frondose [5924] : qun th dng l phc.
Ni v tp qun tng trng dng l phc
dp ca qun th Ru ng vt Mi hp
(Stenolaemata) khng c phin gia.
front [5925] : mt trc, pha trc; trn.
1- (m) on sn dc ngoi cng ca dy
ni, t nhiu dng tuyn c nng ln cao hn
bnh nguyn hoc cao nguyn; Phn t i
din vi bin hay i dng.
2- (cs) Phn ca mai V gip Mi chn
(Decapoda) thuc phn b Mai ngn
(Brachyura) (cua) nm gia hai hc mt.
front bay [5926] : vnh tin tiu, vnh ngoi.
Vnh khng cn i, rng v nng, ni lin
vi bin qua eo bin gia cc o chn dc theo
b bin.
frontal [5927] : trn.
Thuc phn trn, nht l thuc pha mang l
ca c th Ru ng vt hoc qun th, hoc
thuc on gia hai hc mt s ng vt c
xng sng. n: obverse.
frontal apron [5928] : tm chn trc, ngng
trc.
frontal membrane [5929] : mng vch trc.
Phn khng vi ha ca vch trc Ru
ng vt Ming mi (Cheilostomata) c cc c
vch bm vo; n c th l ra hoc b khin
trc vt vng cung qua.
frontal plate [5930] : mnh trn.
Chy b bin i ca V gip Mi chn Deleted: v
(Decapoda) thuc phn b Mai ngn
(Brachyura) mang mt mu nh ra gia cc ru
nh hp nht vi vng xen ru ming.
frontal pore [5931] : l trc.
Mt l pha trc ca v mng li Trng
tia v tip gip vi vng nn, v b ngoi ging
vi l c.
frontal region [5932] : vng trc. Deleted: .
Phn trc-gia ca mai mt s V gip
Mi chn (Decapoda) gm chy v din pha
sau n.
frontal scar [5933] : vt so trc.
Vt so bn trong mai mt Ostracoda,
ngay trc v pha lng vt bm c khp v.
frontal shield [5934] : khin trc.
Phn cht vi ca b mt trc mt Ru
ng vt Ming mi (Cheilostomata), pht trin
vi nhng kiu khc nhau, vi mi quan h
khc nhau vi thnh trc ca c th.
frontal wall [5935] : thnh trc.
Thnh c th ngoi ca Ru ng vt
Ming mi (Cheilostomata) v mt s Mi hp
(Stenolaemata) bm vo vch cha l ming v
to nn mt cnh trc cho c th.
frost [5936] : sng mui, sng gi.
frost action [5937] : tc ng do ng bng.
frost boil [5938] : sn phm bng tan. Deleted: .
S tch ly nc d tha v bn c lp t Deleted: .
bng, t nh s tng nc mch do tan bng. Deleted: a)
frost heave [5939] : gin n v nng nn t
do tc ng ca nc trong t b ng bng.
frost in the ground [5940] : ng bng trong
t nn.
X: permafrost.
frost resistance [5941] : sc khng i Deleted: .
vi bng.
froth flotation [5942] : tuyn ni kiu bt.
frustule [5943] : gip v.
Thnh cht silic ca To silic (Diatomeae)
gm hai na, v ngoi v v trong, c hnh hp
v t im mt ngoi.
fucoid [5944] : ha thch dng to.
Tn khng chnh thc hin nay c p Formatted
dng mt cch khng cht ch cho mt cu trc
trm tch dng hang hay vt b khng xc nh Deleted: .
c coi l ha thch vt, nhng khng xp vo
ging no m t. C tc gi coi n l di tch
251
ca To bin Fucus v v sau c coi l hang
kim n phn nhnh u n, hnh ng, dng
ch U ca mt ng vt bin c xp vo
"ging" dng thc vt Fucoides.
Thut ng ny cn c p dng rng ri
cho vt b ca V gip, hang giun, vt b ca
ng vt Thn mm, du vt ca thy triu hay
sng nh; cng dng ch ha thch To,
hoc mt ha thch ging To, hoc di tch hay
vt in ca To bin; rong bin thuc b To
nu (Fucales). n: fucoidal.
fugitive [5945] : khng lu bn.
Trong sinh thi hc, ni v mt sinh vt,
nht l mt loi cy khng n nh lu bn, c
kh nng bin mt.
fugitive species [5946] : loi khng lu bn.
fukuchilite [5947] : fukuchilit.
Khong vt: Cu3FeS8.
fulcral plate [5948] : phin ta bn l.
Phin nh ni ln bn trn mt v mnh lng
Tay cun, ko di gia mp sau v nn g tay,
v gii hn hc rng v pha sau v pha bn.
fulcral ridge [5949] : g ta.
ng g trn mt khp ca mt xng Hu
bin c tc dng lm trc ta cho cc chuyn
ng khc nhau.
fulgurite [5950] : fulgurit, st nh, li
tm st.
Th c cu to khng u, khng c quy
lut trng nh thu tinh, dng tm dng que
hoc kt v nng chy ca ct ri (him khi c
cng) gy ra bi st nh, thng thy trn
cc nh ni khng c cy ci cc n ct trong
sa mc, hoc b h. N c chiu di khong
40cm, ng knh 5-6 cm. Tn xut x t ch
Latin fulgur ngha l chp-st (lightning). n:
lightning stone; lightning tube; sand tube.
fully penetrating well [5951] : ging khoan
hon chnh.
Ging khoan n y tng cha nc, c
chiu di ng lc bng chiu di ca tng.
fuloppite [5952] : fulopit.
Khong vt mu xm-ch, xanh nht, vng
ng sn: Pb3Sb8S15.
fumarole [5953] : l phun.
L kh phun cc vng c hot ng
ni la.
fumarole field [5954] : trng fumarole,
trng phun.
fumarole mound [5955] : kh phun.
t nh m t kh, hoc kh lu fusiform bomb [5967] : bom dng thoi.
hunh phun ra.
fumarolic stage [5956] : giai on phun kh.
Giai on mun hoc tn li ca hot ng
ni la c trng bi s phun kh hoc hi
hng ni la hoc cc l phun kh.
fume cloud [5957] : my hi ca cc kh.
m my khi hi t cc thn dung nham
ni la thot ra.
functional morphology [5958] : hnh thi hc
theo chc nng.
Mn nghin cu v hnh dng v cu to ca
mt sinh vt trong mi lin quan vi s thch Deleted:
nghi ca n vi mt mi trng ring v s
sng st di nhng hon cnh ring; cn c
ngha l hnh thi ca mt ng vt hay thc
vt p ng hoc p ng cc thay i v
hon cnh mi trung.
Fungi [5959] : Nm.
Tn thc vt d dng, a bo, ni chung l
thc vt c kch thc hin vi, c th sng kiu
thc vt hoi sinh, cng sinh hay k sinh trn
cy xanh. Chng c th c nhiu t tin (ngun
gc). Tui: t nht t Tin Cambri mun. Si:
fungus. Thut ng khng chnh thc dng Formatted
ch mt c th nm.
funicle [5960] : g xon trong.
Mt g hp cun xon t mi trong ca v
Chn bng i ln ti rn.
funicular water [5961] : nc lin kt.
n: adhesive water; attached water; Formatted
pendular water; pellicular water. Formatted
funnel intrusion [5962] : xm nhp Formatted
hnh phu.
Formatted
Xm nhp magma vi dng hnh nn ngc,
phn lp c trng, v c thnh phn mafic
hoc siu mafic.
furca [5963] : chc.
t bng cui chia lm hai chc mt s
V gip. Sn: furcae. Formatted
furcula [5964] : xng chc, gai chc.
Chc xng n hay xng n ni lin
chim; gai hnh chc xng n Bt bin.
furnace bottom [5965] : y l.
fusibility scale [5966] : thang nng chy.
Thang nhit c xc nh da theo s
nng chy ca nhng khong vt chun, dng
so snh vi nhng khong vt khc. Php
phn tch ny s dng n t v ng thi.
Nhit nng chy chun ca mt s khong
vt: stibit-550oC, chalcopyrit-800oC, actinolit:
1200oC.
Bom ni la vut nhn hai u v phn gia
252
phng to; bao gm c hai dng: bom xoay trn
v bom dng con sut.
fusion [5968] : nng chy.
1- Qu trnh cht rn tr thnh cht
lng do s cung cp nhit; s nng chy.
2- S hp nht hoc s trn ln ca hai cht
(hoc nhiu hn) ng thi vi s nng chy.
fusite [5969] : fusit.
Mt kiu vi tng than cha t nht 95%
fusinit. l mt bin th ca inertit.
fusoclarain [5970] : fusoclara.
Mt kiu tng chuyn tip ca than, c
trng bi s c mt ca fusinit v vitrinit vi
cc hp phn hu c khc; fusinit c hm lng
t hn so vi trong clarofusain. n: fusoclarite.
fusodurain [5971] : fusodura.
Mt kiu tng than chuyn tip gia
durain v fusain, nhng durain chim u
th hn.
fusotelain [5972] : fusotela.
Mt kiu tng than chuyn tip gia telain
v fusain, nhng telain chim u th hn.
fusovitrain [5973] : fusovitra. Deleted: a
Mt kiu tng than chuyn tip gia
vitrain v fusain, nhng vitrain chim u th Deleted: b
hn. n: fusovitrite.
fusulinacean [5974] : Trng thoi (fusulinacea) Deleted: r
Trng l thuc mt lin h c trng bi Formatted
mt v hnh ci thoi, hnh dng cu, hoc hnh
a vi cu trc trong phc tp.
fusulinid [5975] : Trng thoi (Fusulinidae). Formatted
Trng l thuc mt h c trng bi mt v
ko di, c nhiu phng bng cht vi vi ht, Deleted: ,
thng ging hmh ht la. Tui: t Ordovic
n Trias. n: fusuline. Formatted
fusulinid limestone [5976] : vi fusulinid.
Loi vi Trng l c thnh phn ch yu
l v ca fusulinid.
253
gabbro [5977] : gabro.
1- Trong phn loi ca IUGS, l loi xm
nhp c gi tr Q nm gia 0 v 5, P/(A+P) ln
hn 90 v plagioclas nhiu Ca hn An50.
2- Nhm magma xm nhp basic sm
mu cha plagioclas basic (thng l labradorit
hoc bytownit) v clinopyroxen (augit) c hoc
khng c olivin v orthopyroxen. Tng ng
vi phun tro basalt. Apatit v magnetit hoc
ilmenit l khong vt ph. Gabro xp vo
monzonit vi s c mt ca feldspar kim.
Tnh cht phn bit gabro vi diorit l
plagioclas vi hn 50% anorthit; thch anh 0-
20% thnh phn sng mu, v t s
plagioclas/tng feldspar l 90/100. Tn gabro
theo a danh th trn Gabro Tuscany, Italia.
gabbroic layer [5978] : lp basalt.
gabbroid [5979] : gabroid.
1- Theo phn loi ca IUGS, l thut ng s
b ch loi xm nhp vi Q nh hn 20 hoc
F nh hn 10, P/(A+P) ln hn 65 v
pl/(pl+px+ol) khong 10 n 90.
Ss: leucogabbroid; melagabbroid.
2- Ni v mt loi ging gabro.
gabbronorite [5980] : gabronorit.
Trong phn loi ca IUGS, l loi xm
nhp tha mn nh ngha v gabro, trong
pl/(pl+px+ol) v pl/(pl+px+hbl) t 10 n 90
v ol/(pl+px+ol) v hbl/(pl+px+hbl) nh hn 5.
gabbrophyre [5981] : gabrophyr.
L loi porphyrit su va cha ban tinh
labradorit v augit trn nn plagioclas Ca v
hornblend. T do thi quen, khng nn dng.
gabion [5982] : r chng sng v xi mn
(cctr).
gabrielsonite [5983] : gabrielsonit.
Khong vt: PbFe(AsO4)(OH).
gadolinite [5984] : gadolinit.
Khong vt mu en, en-xanh nht hoc
nu: Be2FeY2Si2O10, ngun t him.
gadolinium [5985] : gadoli (Gd).
Nguyn t ha hc s 64, nguyn t lng
157,253; t trng 7,901g/cm3, thuc nhm kim
loi nng REE, lithophil, c 7 ng v bn v
23 ng v khng bn. Hm lng Gd trong v
lc a trn l 2,8ppm. Cc khong vt tiu
biu l monazit, bastnaezit, gadolinit. Phng
php phn tch: ICP-MS. c s dng trong
ngnh thy tinh, s cch in, nam chm
Gd-Y, v.v.
gagarinite [5986] : gagarinit.
Khong vt h su phng mu kem, vng
nht hoc hng: Na Ca Y (F, Cl)6.
gage [5987] : u o, dng c o (cctr).
n: gauge.
gageite [5988] : gageit.
Khong vt: (Mn, Mg, Zn)7 Si2O7(OH)8.
gahnite [5989] : gahnit.
Khong vt: ZnAl2O4 mu en-xanh n
vng nht, xm hoc en, thuc lot spinel,
thng cha magnesi. n: zinespinel.
gahnospinel [5990] : gahnospinel.
Loi spinel cha km mu xanh hoc
xanh nht.
gaidonnayite [5991] : gaidonayit.
Khong vt h thoi: Na2ZnSi3O92H2OP.
lng hnh vi catapleiit.
gaitite [5992] : gaitit.
Khong vt: H2Ca2Zn(AsO4)2(OH)2 cha Zn
tng t vi talmessit.
gaize [5993] : gaize.
1- Loi ct kt glauconit ht mn giu mica,
xp, cha nhiu silic xut l trong cc tui
Creta gia nc Php v B.
2- Trm tch vn vi c silic gn kt.
galaxite [5994] : galaxit.
Khong vt mu en lot spinel: MnAl2O4.
Mangan mt phn b st ha tr 2 thay th v
alumin mt phn b st ha tr 3 thay th.
galea [5995] : mu nn, ng nn, thy nn.
254
 Mu hnh nn trong khung xng ca
Trng tia Phaeodaria; ng vt dng Nhn
(Arachnida) thuc nhm gi B cp l mt ng
trn ngn c ng c ca chn km; V
gip l thy ngoi hnh nn hp ca t th hai
chi hm u tin, nm lin k mnh
nghin trong.
galeite [5996] : galeit.
Khong vt h ba phng: Na15(SO4)5F4Cl.
galena [5997] : galen (galenit).
Khong vt mu xm-xanh nht n xm
ch: PbS, thng cha bc. Galen c dng tinh
th lp phng hoc khi tm mt, khi c st
hoc ht nh, thng kt hp vi sphalerit
trong cc mch, trong vi, dolomit v ct
kt: galen c nh kim sng, ct khai rt hon
ton theo khi lp phng v rt nng. Galen l
khong vt qung ch quan trng nht v l
ngun bc ch yu. n: galenite; lead glance;
blue lead.
galenite [5998] : galenit (galen).
X: galena.
galenobismutite [5999] : galenobismutit.
Khong vt mu xm ch hoc trng thic:
PbBi2S4.
galkhaite [6000] : galkhait.
Khong vt h lp phng:
(Hg,Cu,Zn)(As,Sb)S2
galleries [6001] : hm thot nc.
Rnh, cng, hm thot nc, thu nc.
gallery [6002] : hnh lang thu nc;
ng thng.
1- (cthv) X: infiltration gallery.
2- (cs) Khong khng gian m bn trong,
ko di lin tc gia cc phin lin k ca phn
ln b xng chung ng vt dng L tng
(Stromatoporata), b cc thanh x v m bt
lp i mt phn.
gallite [6003] : galit.
Khong vt h bn phng: CuGaS2.
gallium [6004] : gali (Ga).
Nguyn t ha hc s 31, nguyn t lng
69,7231; t trng 5,904g/cm3, thuc nhm kim
loi nng, chalcophil, c 2 ng v bn v 23
ng v khng bn. Hm lng Ga trong cc
(ppm): v lc a trn l 14, siu mafic 0,5,
gabro-basalt 17, granit granodiorit 18, phin
20, nc i dng 0,00003mg/l, nc sng
sui 0,0001mg/l. Cc khong vt tiu biu l
songeit Ga(OH)3, galit CuGaS2. Phng php
phn tch: ICP-MS, INAA. Sn lng th gii
20 T/nm. c s dng trong ngnh in t
(bn dn, transitor), ha tr liu, v.v.
gallon [6005] : galon.
n v o th tch cht lng. 1 galon Anh =
4,546 lt, 1 galon M = 3,785 lt.
galmei [6006] : bn hnh.
X: hemimorphite.
galmei ore [6007] : qung cha calamin,
smitsonit.
galumbaite [6008] : galumbait.
Khong vt: CaAl2(PO4)2 (OH)2.H2O.
gamagarite [6009] : gamagarit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
Ba4(Fe, Mn)2V4O15(OH)2
gamma [6010] : gamma.
1- (kv) V d "thch gamma".
2- (tc) Nhng c trng phi tuyn tnh ca
thit b hin th nh.
3- (vl) n v o cng t trng.
gamma correction [6011] : hiu chnh gama.
Mt k thut b s liu hnh nh do cc tnh
cht phi tuyn tnh ca thit b hin th.
gamma gamma log [6012] : o gamma-
gamma l khoan hay gamma mt .
n: density log.
gamma ray log [6013] : ng cong o
gamma carota.
ng cong o hot phng x t nhin
trong l khoan ca t trong l khoan.
ng cong gamma carota c s dng
lin kt va than v phn chia va than,
phin st v ct kt, carbonat v trm
tch do bc hi.
gamma ray spectrometer [6014] : my o
ph tia gamma.
Cng c o s phn b nng lng, hoc
ph ca cc tia gamma t cc ngun t nhin
hoc nhn to. My o ph gamma c s
dng o ph gamma my bay (o ph cc
nguyn t kalium, thorium v radium).
gamma ray spectrometry [6015] : php o
ph tia gamma.
gangue [6016] : qung.
qung, qung ngho khng c gi tr.
hoc khong vt khng c gi tr trong
qung, l mt phn ca qung nhng khng c
gi tr, cn hy b. c tch ra khi qung
khi lm giu qung. Ss: ore mineral.
ganister [6017] : ganister.
Loi ct kt thch anh hoc quartzit ht
mn, cng chc dng sn xut gch silic.
Thnh phn ca chng bao gm cc ht thch
anh na gc cnh (ng knh trong khong
0,15-0,5mm, mc d c mt s tc gi s dng
ranh gii di l 0,05mm) c silic th sinh
gn kt. Ganister phn bit vi phin silic
(chert) bi kin trc ht r rng, hm lng
255
silic n tinh hoc chalcedon thp.
ganomalite [6018] : ganomalit.
Khong vt h bn phng, khng mu n
mu xm: Ca2Pb3Si3O11.
ganophylite [6019] : ganophylit.
Khong vt mu nu:
(Na,K)(Mn,Fe,Al)5(SiAl)5O15.2H2O.
gap [6020] : gin on.
X: break.
gara [6021] : gara.
c dng nm, xut hin vng kh nng
hoc sa mc. Sn: gour.
garavellite [6022] : garavelit.
Khong vt: FeSbBiS4.
garnet [6023] : granat, garnet.
1- Nhm khong vt c cng thc chung:
A3B2(SiO4)3 trong A = Ca, Mg, Fe+2 v
Mn+2, B = Al, Fe+3, V+3 v Cr.
2- Nhng khong vt ca nhm granat:
almandin, andradit, grosular, pyrop, spesartin,
avarovit v goldmanit. Granat l khong vt
gin, trong sut n bn trong, nh thy tinh,
khng ct khai, mu thay i nhng ch yu l
mu m. Granat l khong vt ph trong
cc magma, nhng ph bin dng tinh th
ng thc, t hnh hoc dng ht trong
bin cht (gneis, phin mica, eclogit).
Granat mu p, trong l qu. Granat
thng dng lm bt mi cng nghip.
garnierite [6024] : garnierit.
1- Tn nhm silicat mangesi-nickel,
ngho nc.
2- Khong vt mu xanh hoc xanh nht:
(Ni,Mg)3Si2O5(OH)4. T l Ni:Mg cao.
Garnierit c coi nh l khng c cu trc
tinh th, nhng c th l h n nghing: i
khi n c xem nh l antigorit giu nickel.
Garnierit l khong vt qung nickel quan
trng v cng c s dng lm qu.
n: noumeit, nepouit.
garrelsite [6025] : garelsit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
Ba3NaSi2B7O16(OH)4
garronite [6026] : garonit.
Khong vt: Na2Ca5Al12Si20O64 .27H2O.
gas [6027] : kh t nhin.
Mt hn hp hydrocarbon nh di dng
kh sinh ra trong iu kin t nhin, ch yu l
methan (CH4), t hn l etan (C2H6), propan
(C3H8) v cn c kh khng phi l
hydrocarbon: hi nc, CO2, N, He. Kh c
mt dng pha kh t do hoc ha tan trong
du th.
gas blanket [6028] : lp ph kh.
Kh nm trn b mt cht lng trong
bn cha.
gas cap [6029] : m kh.
Lp kh t do nm trn lp du trong cc
by du kh.
gas cap gas [6030] : kh m kh.
Kh thin nhin ca m kh t do trong b
du bo ha.
gas chromatogram [6031] : sc ph kh, biu
ca sc k kh.
gas chromatograph [6032] : my sc k kh.
Thit b phn tch kh c tc dng tch cc
kh vi nhau.
gas chromatography [6033] : sc k kh.
Php phn tch cc hp cht kh.
gas chromatography mass spectrometry
[6034] : sc k kh -khi ph k.
H thng phn tch kt hp sc k kh v
khi ph k.
gas coal [6035] : than bitum, than kh.
Than cha bitum ph hp vi vic sn xut
kh chy bi v n cha ti 33-38% cht lng
d bay hi. n: coal gas.
gas cut mud [6036] : bn khoan c cha kh
ha tan.
gas heave structure [6037] : cu to kh n.
Kiu cu to trm tch hnh thnh do s
trng phng ca kh.
gas inclusion [6038] : bao th kh.
Bao th trong khong vt cha hu nh hoc
100% kh. Da vo bao th ny c th phn
bit qu nhn to vi qu t nhin.
gas pool [6039] : b kh.
S tch ly dn dn ca kh t nhin gn
trn mt, t n tr lng kinh t.
gas pressure [6040] : p sut kh
gas sand [6041] : ct cha kh
Loi ct hoc ct kt cha mt lng ln
kh t nhin.
gas water contact [6042] : mt ranh gii gia
kh-nc.
gas water interface [6043] : tip xc kh-nc
gas well [6044] : ging kh.
Mt ging c kh nng cung cp kh t
nhin hoc ch yu l kh t nhin.
gash breccia [6045] : dm sp l.
Loi dm kt hnh thnh t s sp l tng
vch ca hang ng do qu trnh xi mn di
tc ng ho tan ca nc ngm.
gaspeite [6046] : gaspeit.
Khong vt: (Ni,Mg,Fe)CO3, thuc nhm
calcit.
gasteropod [6047] : Chn bng.
X: gastropod.
gastralium [6048] : gai v, xng sn gi.
256
 Gai chuyn ha ca Bt bin nm lt
khoang trung tm; ng vt bn chn h
ng l xng sn gi bng. Sn: gastralia.
gastropod [6049] : Chn bng (Gastropoda)
ng vt Thn mm thuc mt lp m cc
i biu c c trng l c u r rng trn
c mt v xc tu, v phn ln c v n cht
vi thng cun xon, khng chia phng, nh
kn, th d nh cc loi c. Tui: t Cambri
mun n ngy nay.
gate [6050] : l ca.
Mt l ming hoc khe rng trong khung
xng ca Trng tia ng dy (Spumellaria).
gatumbaite [6051] : gatumbait.
Khong vt: Ca,Al2(PO4)2 (OH)2.H2O.
gaudefroyite [6052] : gaudefroyit.
Khong vt:Ca4Mn+33-x(BO3)(CO3)(O, OH)3.
gauge [6053] : o, hiu chnh, thit b o.
n: gage (U.S.)
Gault [6054] : Gault.
Bc Chu u. Creta h (nm trn
Wealden) tng ng vi Albi v Apt.
Gaussian distribution [6055] : phn phi
Gauss.
T ng ngha vi phn phi chun (normal
distribution). Tn t theo tn nh bc hc c
Korl Fricdrich Gauss (1777- 1855).
Gaussian quadrature integration [6056] :
php tch phn cu phng Gauss.
p dng trong phng php phn t hu
hn tnh gn ng cc biu thc tch phn.
gaylussite [6057] : gaylusit.
Khong vt mu vng nht-trng n mu
xm: Na2Ca(CO3)2.5H2O.
geanticlinal [6058] : a vng.
1- Dt: Nguyn thu danh t "a vng" c
vit l geanticlinal, hin nay danh t ny c
vit l geanticline.
2- Tt: a vng.
geanticline [6059] : a vng.
1- Np vng ca v Tri t, c quy m khu
vc, ngc li l geosyncline (a mng).
2- C th hn l mt cu trc np li pht
trin trong trm tch a mng do b nn p t
bn cnh. C th vit l geoanticline.
gearksutite [6060] : gearksutit.
Khong vt: CaAl(OH)F4 .H2O, tn ti cng
vi cryolit. n: gearksite.
gebhardite [6061] : gebhardit.
Khong vt th sinh, pht hin u tin
Tsumeb Namibia: Pb8OCl6(As2O5)2
Gedinnian [6062] : Gedin.
Bc do Dumont (1848) xc lp theo tn lng
Gedines B, l bc di cng ca Devon h
theo mt ct Ardennes-Rhein, l chun a
tng nguyn thu (holostratotyp) ca thi a
tng quc t (nm trn Ludlovi, nm di
Siegen).
gedroitzite [6063] : gedroitzit.
Khong vt st nhm vermiculit:
6(K,Na)2O.5Al2O3.14SiO2.12H2O, c trng
cho vng t th nhng kim Ukraina.
geerite [6064] : gerit.
Khong vt: Cu1,6S gi lp phng c nhiu
x tia X ging sphalerit.
geest [6065] : geest.
1- Loi vt liu bi tch nm trn b mt
nhng khng phi trm tch hin i.
2- n: saprolite.
GEF [6066] : Qu Mi trng ton cu.
X: Global Environmental Facility.
GEF Projects [6067] : cc d n ca Qu Mi
trng ton cu.
Cc d n do Qu Mi trng ton cu
(GEF) ti tr nhm gii quyt cc vn lin
quan n lnh vc mi trng. C th l: a
dng sinh hc, bin i kh hu, suy gim tng
ozon, ngun nc quc t v suy thoi t ai.
X: Global Environmental Facility.
geffroyite [6068] : gefroyit.
Khong vt: (Cu,Fe,Ag)9(Se,S)8, cng loi
vi pentlandit.
gehlenite [6069] : gehlenit
Khong vt nhm melilit: Ca2Al2SiO7, ng
hnh vi akermanit.
n: velardenite.
geikielite [6070] : geikielit
Khong vt mu xanh nht-en hoc nu
nht-en: MgTiO3, ng hnh vi ilmenit,
thng cha st.
gel mineral [6071] : khong vt keo.
Khong vt rt nh, kch thc dao ng t
100 n 1 micron, to nn dng phn tn, dng
bt ( vi, dolomit), dng n tinh (chalcedon,
opal).
gem [6072] : ngc, qu.
1- Vin c ct gn v mi bng
thc s c gi tr, c phm cht v v p,
him v kch thc dng lm trang
sc.
2- L mt phn c cht lng v p c
bit cao c tch ra t mt cng loi. V
d: qu ngc lam (turquois, biruza) l loi
tinh khit c mu xanh huyn o. Thng
thng gi tr ca qu ph thuc vo cht
lng v th trng.
3- Ni v loi kim cng th c cht lng
p ng yu cu ch tc thnh trang sc.
Ch c 20% kim cng c khai thc p ng
257
yu cu ny.
gem color [6073] : mu ngc.
Mu p nht ca mt bin loi ngc c
th.
gem crystal [6074] : tinh th qu.
Tinh th qu c th ch tc.
gem gravel [6075] : si cha ngc.
Sa khong sn hoc si cha mt lng
ng k khong vt qu.
gem material [6076] : vt liu qu.
Vt liu th p ng yu cu ch tc
thnh trang sc.
gem mineral [6077] : khong vt qu.
Nhng khong vt p v bn c th xp
vo qu.
gemmaceous ore [6078] : qung dng thn.
gemmary [6079] : ngnh khoa hc v qu;
b su tp qu; ni trng by (bo tng)
qu, trang sc.
gemmation [6080] : mc mm, ny chi.
gemmiferous [6081] : qu thnh phm,
cha qu.
gemmologist [6082] : nh ngc hc, chuyn
gia qu.
L ngi hot ng c nhiu thnh cng,
c tha nhn trong lnh vc khoa hc qu
v chng t nng lc trong ch tc, nh gi
vt liu qu.
gemmology [6083] : khoa hc v qu,
ngc hc.
Cch vit khc (Anh) ca t gemology.
Ngnh khoa hc nghin cu v qu.
X: gemology.
gemmy [6084] : tiu chun qu.
C nhng tnh cht ( cng, nh, mu sc)
theo yu cu ca mt qu.
gemology [6085] : khoa hc v qu,
ngc hc.
Ngnh khoa hc nghin cu v qu (tim
nng, tnh cht, ngun gc, ch tc, phn loi,
xc nh gi tr). Cn c vit: gemmology.
gemstone [6086] : qu, ngc.
Khong vt, hoc nhng vt liu t nhin
khc (v d vt liu hu c nh h phch, ngc
trai, san h, v.v.) p ng yu cu (mu sc,
nh, ln, cng, v.v.) ch tc trang
sc, trang tr.
gena [6087] : m.
M B ba thy. Sn: genae.
genal angle [6088] : gc m.
Gc bn-sau ca gip u B ba thy
(thng kt thc bng mt gai m, song cng
c th trn u), hoc ca phn thn trc
ng vt Chn khp Ming t (Merostoma).
genal spine [6089] : gai m.
Gai t gc m ko di v pha sau gip
u B ba thy, hnh thnh ra ngoi-sau ca
m t do.
general exploration [6090] : thm d s b.
genetic type [6091] : kiu ngun gc.
genicular spine [6092] : gai khuu.
Gai mc ra t th khuu ca Bt
(Graptolithina).
geniculate twin [6093] : song tinh khuu tay.
Loi song tinh khuu tay dc ng, nh
tinh th rutil c song tinh hnh chp bc 2
(101). n: elbow twin.
geniculum [6094] : th khuu.
Cu trc nh hnh u gi hoc khc cong
ngot hnh khuu mt sinh vt, v d s thay
i t ngt trong hng tng trng ca thnh
bng t do Bt (Graptolithina), hoc
gia hai on lin tip ca To san h c t
dng ng. Sn: genicula.
genkinite [6095] : genkinit.
Khong vt: (Pt, Pd)4 Sb3.
genobenthos [6096] : sinh vt trn cn.
Tt c cc sinh vt sng trn mt t.
genotype [6097] : loi chun (ca ging)
genotyp; kiu gen.
Loi c chn lm chun ca mt ging;
trong di truyn hc, l kt cu di truyn ca
mt sinh vt hay mt loi tng phn vi cc
c im t nhin quan st c.
genthelvite [6098] : genthelvit.
Khong vt: (Zn,Fe,Mn)4 Be3(SiO4)S, ng
hnh vi helvit v danalit.
genthite [6099] : genthit.
Hn hp ca silicat magnesi v hydro
nickel, xp, v nh hnh, mu xanh-nht hoc
vng-nht. Khong vt tiu biu c cng thc:
(Ni, Mg)Si3O10.6H2O.
gentnerite [6100] : gentnerit.
Khong vt: Cu8Fe3Cr11S18.
genus [6101] : ging.
Mt cp trong h thng phn loi ng vt
v thc vt v cp bc, nm trc tip gia h v
loi. Sn: genera.
geobasin [6102] : bn trm tch.
Cu to kiu a mng, nhng cc thnh to
trm tch bi p bn khng b un np.
geobattery [6103] : pin t sinh.
in th do thn qung sulfur sinh ra, cc
dng pha trn thn qung. in th ny o
c v nh x c.
geobotanical method [6104] : phng php
a thc vt.
mt s m qung, c th pht trin mt
258
s ging loi thc vt nht nh hoc nhng
bin i sinh hc ca h thc vt. Nhng bin
i lin quan ti hm lng cao ca mt s
nguyn t vi lng trong t, bao gm cc
dng: thay i thnh phn loi ca qun th
thc vt. S bin i v hnh thi xut hin loi
d dng. Da vo c tnh , c th la chn
cc ging loi c trng lm thc vt ch th
cho tm kim tng loi khong sn.
geochemical analysis [6105] : phn tch
a ha.
ng dng phn tch ha hc cho cc vn
a ha.
geochemical anomaly [6106] : d thng
a ha.
L i nng cao hoc h thp hm lng
nguyn t trong cc thnh to t nhin: , t,
nc, thc vt, v.v. so vi mc tr s nn
a phng.
geochemical balance [6107] : cn bng
a ha.
geochemical barriers [6108] : cn tr a ha
L nhng phn din tch m trong mt
khong cch ngn cng di chuyn ca cc
nguyn t ha hc gim ng k dn n s
tp trung. C 4 kiu cn tr a ha l: c hc,
ha l, sinh a ha v nhn to. Cc kiu cn
tr a ha c hc v ha l l quan trng nht.
geochemical classification of elements
[6109]: phn loi a ha cc nguyn t
ha hc.
Da vo cc c tnh a ha, cc nguyn t
ha hc trong bng tun hon ca .I.
Mendeleev c phn thnh cc nhm c hnh
vi ging nhau trong cc chu trnh a ha.
geochemical exploration [6110] : thm d
a ha.
Thm d m bng phng php a ha.
geochemical methods of prospecting [6111] :
phng php a ha tm kim.
L phng php nghin cu s di chuyn,
tp trung v phn tn cc nguyn t ha hc,
c bit l cc nguyn t to qung trong v
Tri t lin quan vi cc m qung.
geochemist [6112] : nh a ha hc.
geochemistry [6113] : a ha hc.
a ha hc l khoa hc chuyn ngnh ca
a cht hc nghin cu s phn b, hm lng
ca cc nguyn t ha hc trong khong vt,
qung, , t, nc v kh quyn. Nghin cu
s tun hon ca cc nguyn t trong thin
nhin trn c s c tnh ca cc nguyn t v
ion ca chng. ng thi cng nghin cu s
phn b v hm lng ca cc ng v trong
bao gm cc vn tn sut v s bn vng
ca ht nhn tn ti trong t nhin. Nhim v
quan trng ca a ha hc l xc nh gi tr
hm lng ca cc nguyn t ha hc trong v
Tri t, trong v khong vt.
geochron [6114] : khong a thi.
Khong thi gian a cht tng ng vi
mt phn v thch a tng.
geochrone [6115] : geochrone.
Phn v chun ca a thi, by gi t dng.
geochronic [6116] : thuc a thi.
n: geochronologic.
geochronologic interval [6117] : khong cch
a thi.
ng lng thi gian gia hai s kin
a cht.
geochronologic unit [6118] : phn v a thi
Phn v c khong thi gian khng tng
ng vi thi gian ko di ca mt phn v thi
a tng. Bn cht ca phn v a thi l da
trn tiu chun v thi gian thnh to phn v
m khng cn c vo thnh phn v b dy
ca n cc a phng khc nhau. Do ,
phn v a thi c gii hn trn v di
bng cc b mt ranh gii ng thi.
geochronology [6119] : a thi hc.
Nghin cu thi gian lin quan n lch s
ca v Tri t. Ss: geochronometry.
n: geologic chronology; geochrony.
geochronometric unit [6120] : phn v o
a thi.
Mt phn v a thi mang tnh nh lng
(tnh bng nghn nm hoc triu nm).
geochronometry [6121] : php o thi gian
a cht.
o thi gian a cht bng cc phng php
nh lng tui a cht, c bit l phng
php phng x. Ss: geochronology.
geochrony [6122] : a thi hc.
n: geochronology.
geocronite [6123] : geocronit.
Khong vt mu xm ch: Pb5SbAsS8
geode [6124] : hc tinh th, tinh hc.
geodepression [6125] : min vng ca Tri
t, bn trng ca Tri t.
geodesic [6126] : trc a.
geodesist [6127] : nh trc a.
geodesy [6128] : mn khoa hc trc a.
geodetic [6129] : trc a.
geoecology [6130] : a sinh thi hc.
Khoa hc lin ngnh, chuyn nghin cu
thnh phn, cu to, quy lut hot ng v tin
ha ca h sinh thi trong iu kin t nhin
cng nh b bin i bi cc hot ng nhn
to. N quan tm n tt c nhng tri thc v
259
cc vn sinh thi ca Tri t v l s lin
kt nhng kha cnh hu quan ca sinh hc,
a cht hc, a l, th nhng hc, nhm
mc ch bo v s sng v mi trng sng
trn Tri t. i tng nghin cu ca a
sinh thi hc bao gm tt c cc a quyn
(thch quyn, thy quyn, kh quyn, sinh
quyn). Tip u ng geo c ngha l thuc
v Tri t (nh: geography=a l,
geomorphology=a mo, geodesy=trc a,,
v.v.). Khng nn ln ln vi a cht sinh
thi (ecological geology hay ecogeology) hay
a cht mi trng (environmental
geology)- mt chuyn ngnh ca a cht hc
v phm vi nghin cu ch gii hn trong phn
trn cng ca thch quyn. n: ecological
geology; environmental geology.
geoepidemiology [6131] : a dch t hc.
Lnh vc y hc chuyn nghin cu nhng
bnh dch lin quan vi mi trng a cht.
X: geomedicine; medical geology.
geogenesis [6132] : ngun gc Tri t.
geognosy [6133] : Tn c ca a cht hc.
geographer [6134] : nh a l.
geography [6135] : a l hc.
geohydrogeology [6136] : a thy vn hc.
1- Khoa hc v thy quyn ca Tri t ni
chung (bao gm c nc mt, nc di t).
Nhng ngy nay do s phn ha su ca cc
khoa hc v thy quyn, nc mt c coi l
i tng ca thy vn hc, cn nc di t
l i tng ca a cht hc, nn t
geohydrology theo ngha ny khng cn thng
dng na.
2- ng ngha vi t hydrogeology-khoa
hc v nc di t, mt ngnh ca a cht
hc. Hin nay theo ngha ny t geohydrology
khng thng dng bng hydrogeology.
X: hydrogeology.
geologic [6137] : thuc v a cht.
n: geological.
geologic chronology [6138] : a thi hc.
X: geochronology.
geologic climate [6139] : c kh hu.
geologic climate unit [6140] : phn v a cht
kh hu.
Tp hp cc phn v c cc du hiu nhn
bit c ngun gc t nhng thay i nh k
ca kh hu, th hin cc c im ca thnh
phn vt cht ca v di tch cc phc h
sinh vt, ch yu l thc vt, c tnh n
khong thi gian thnh to ca cc phn v a
tng thuc cp tng ng.
n: climate-stratigraphic unit.
geologic column [6141] : ct a tng a cht.
1- Biu thng ng th hin ton b hoc
mt phn thi gian a cht, cc phn v a
tng c trong vng hay trong khu vc. Thng
thng cc t c n tr c sp xp theo
chiu t di ln trn, th hin mi lin h ca
chng vi cc phn v thi gian a cht (a
thi) v v tr tng i ca chng vi nhau.
X: columnar section.
2- Th t nin i hoc tnh lin tc ca cc
phn v a tng c v trn ct thng ng.
n: stratigraphic column; column.
geologic conditions [6142] : iu kin/c
im a cht.
geologic cycle [6143] : chu k to ni, chu k
a cht.
n: orogenic cycle.
geologic engineering [6144] : a cht
cng trnh.
n: engineering geology.
geologic erosion [6145] : xm thc a cht,
xi mn a cht
Xm thc gy ra bi cc qu trnh a cht.
geologic hazards [6146] : tai bin a cht.
Nhng qu trnh v hin tng a cht gy
tai ha cho mi trng v s sng ca con
ngi cng nh sinh vt. Tai bin a cht c
th c nguyn nhn t nhin nh ng t,
hot ng ni la, sng thn, trt t, l bn
, v.v. hoc nhn to (k thut) nh st ln
mt t, ng t kch thch do xy dng h
cha nc ln, th bom ht nhn, nhim mi
trng do phng x cht thi c hi, v.v.
geologic time scale [6147] : thang tui
a cht.
S sp xp hay trnh t thi gian quy c
ca cc s kin a cht dng o khong
ko di hoc tui tuyt i hay tng i ca
mt khong thi gian a cht no , thng
th hin dng ct vi tn ca cc phn v thch
a tng, a thi khc nhau.
X: atomic time scale. n: time scale.
geologic time unit [6148] : phn v a thi
(thi gian a cht).
n: geochronologic unit.
geological and economic eva1uation of
mineral deposits [6149] : nh gi kinh t a
cht m khong, nh gi a cht v kinh t
m khong.
nh gi t hp (tng hp) cc c im
a cht v khai thc m, gi tr cng nghip
ca khong sn v hiu qu kinh t c th c
do s dng nguyn liu khong khai thc c
trong nn kinh t quc dn khi thc thi phng
n khai thc cng nghip hiu qu nht. nh
260
gi a cht da theo kt qu cng tc thm d
tin hnh c tng hp li khi tnh tr
lng khong sn trn c s cc tiu chun
(ch tiu) c tnh n c im a cht m,
yu cu cng nghip v cc yu t (iu kin)
m bo tnh sinh li, s dng hp l lng t
v bo v mi trng. Vic nh gi kinh t-
a cht m khong v xc lp cc lun chng
cho cc ch tiu (tiu chun) nh gi c tin
hnh cc giai on thm d khc nhau v
theo cc nguyn tc thng nht v phng
php lun, m bo s dng tr lng khong
sn trit v hp l, c tnh n khi lng
v mc tin cy ca cc thng tin a cht
khc nhau mi giai on thm d. nh gi
kinh t m khong c da vo kt qu tnh
tr lng v trn c s phn tch cc ch tiu
xc nh tnh hiu qu ca khai thc m (sn
lng ti u hng nm ca x nghip khai thc,
khi lng sn phm, hng ha v gi thnh
ca n, li v tnh sinh li ca khai thc) v
hiu qu u t vn cho xy dng t hp cng
nghip (t trng chi ph xy dng c bn, tng
gi tr v thi gian hon vn u t c bn, li
nhun ca u t vn v.v.).
geological and economic feasibility report
[6150] : lun chng a cht-kinh t, bo co
lun chng kinh t-a cht, khi lun kinh t
a cht.
S xc lp cc c trng a cht v kinh t
v trin vng i tng thm d. Khi lun
kinh t-a cht c thnh lp theo kt qu
tm kim v bao gm: c im v tr a l-
kinh t ca i tng, xc nh quy lut phn
b biu hin khong sn v cc c trng v
nh lng ca chng (hm lng thnh phn
c ch, chiu dy thn qung, din tch v
chiu su khong ha, th trng qung v cc
c tnh cng ngh ca chng). Tt c cc
thng tin trn nhn c trn c s kho st
thc a trc tip hoc da theo cc m (i
tng, vng) tng t khc. Yu cu bt buc
ca khi lun kinh t-a cht l cha nh gi
trin vng khong sn v cht lng v s
lng cp tr lng C (theo phn cp ca
Lin X c v Vit Nam hin hnh). Kt qu
lp khi lun kinh t-a cht quyt nh tnh
hp l ca vic tip tc u t vo i tng
m v mc chi tit cn thit.
geological compasses [6151]:a bn a cht.
a bn chuyn dng cho cng tc a cht.
Khc vi a bn thng thng ch c thm
b phn o gc dc v c bit vng trn chia
(t 0o n 360o) ngc chiu kim ng h
(v tr ng, Ty i ch cho nhau v ngc
vi thc t) to iu kin thun li (khng phi
tnh i kt qu) khi xc nh, biu din ln
bn gc phng v (hng dc, ng
phng, v.v.) ca cc thnh to a cht.
geological data [6152] : s liu a cht.
geological environment (geoenvironment)
[6153] : mi trng a cht.
Phn trn cng ca v Tri t, bao gm lp
th nhng, nham thch, khong sn, nc
di t cng nhng trng vt l hnh thnh
trong , ni b con ngi khai ph sinh
sng v tin hnh cc hot ng kinh t-k
thut, ni trc tip chu nh hng (tt hoc
xu) ca cc hot ng nhn sinh v ngc li,
cng tc ng tr li i vi con ngi, chi
phi iu tit mt cch t nhin, to thun li
hoc tr ngi cho cuc sng v hot ng ca
con ngi.
geological evaluation survey (preliminaly
prospecting) [6154] : thm d s b.
T hp cc dng cng tc thm d c tin
hnh nhm nh gi gi tr cng nghip, tnh
hp l v trnh t u t pht trin m trong
ranh gii t nhin ca m. Trong qu trnh
thm d s b th cc ti liu (d liu) v cu
trc a cht m, thnh phn vt cht khong
sn v cc iu kin a cht khai thc, iu
kin a cht thy vn, a cht cng trnh m
c nghin cu k v chnh xc ha.
geological ore [6155] : qung tim nng.
Qung c d bo theo ti liu a cht.
n: possible ore.
geological science [6156] : khoa hc a cht.
Gm cc chuyn ngnh trong a cht hc.
V d: a vt l, a ha, c sinh, thch
hc,v.v. Thut ng thng c s dng theo
ngha s nhiu. X: geoscience.
geological terms [6157] : thut ng a cht.
geologist [6158]:ngi nghin cu v a cht.
Ngi c o to v lm vic trong bt k
mt lnh vc no ca khoa hc a cht.
geologize [6159] : lm a cht.
gt: Lm mt cng vic thuc lnh vc no
ca a cht hc.
geology [6160] : a cht hc.
Ngnh khoa hc nghin cu Tri t, s
pht sinh, pht trin, thnh phn vt cht v s
bin i ca chng. Khoa hc a cht quan
tm n nhng qu trnh vt l, ha hc, sinh
hc , ang v s xy ra trn Tri t, nghin
cu mi trng trong qu kh ca s sng trn
c s cc ha thch c lin quan. Gi thuyt v
ngun gc Tri t c c trn c s nghin
cu Mt trng v cc thin th khc trong v
tr. Nhn thc thu nhn c t a cht hc
261
phc v cho vic pht hin ti nguyn khong
sn trong v Tri t, ng thi lun gii,
d bo gim thiu, khc phc cc tai bin nguy
him lin quan vi a ng lc Tri t. X:
geological science; earth science; geoscience.
geomagnetic axis [6161] : trc a t.
Trc ca lng cc t Tri t lin quan
mt thit vi trng t Tri t.
geomagnetic equator [6162] : xch o t.
Chu vi ln ca Tri t m mt phng ca
n vung gc vi trc a t; l ng ni cc
im khng ca v a t.
geomagnetic field [6163] : trng a t.
Trng t ca Tri t.
geomagnetic latitude [6164] : v a t.
V t tnh c bng cch thay th
trng a t tng ng trng ca lng
cc t.
geomagnetic longtitude [6165]:kinh a t.
Kinh tnh vng quanh trc a t thay v
vng quanh trc quay ca Tri t. Kinh tuyn
a t gc l ng c ko di t cc bc a
t ti cc nam a l.
geomagnetic meridian [6166] : kinh tuyn
a t.
Mt chu vi ln ca Tri t chy qua hai
cc a t.
geomagnetic poles [6167] : cc a t.
Nhng im li trn mt t ca trc lng
cc a t tng ng vi trng t ca Tri
t. Nhng im nh th i khi c quy c
nh l cc cc t.
geomagnetism [6168] : hin tng a t, t
tnh ca Tri t.
geomagnetochronology [6169] : nin biu
a t.
Bng nin i a t c thnh lp trn c
s nghin cu c t ca Tri t.
geomathematics [6170] : ton a cht.
Tt c cc ng dng ca ton hc nghin
cu v Tri t (ch yu l cc phng
php xc sut thng k, hnh hc, v.v.).
X: mathematical geology.
geomechanics [6171] : a c hc.
Mn khoa hc v cc phn ng c hc ca
tt c cc loi vt liu a cht, k c t. Do
vy, c hc cng l mt phn ca a c
hc.
geomechanics classification scheme [6172] :
S phn loi a c.
X: geomechanics rock mass classification.
geomechanics considerations in longwall
mining [6173] : phn tch a c hc trong
khai thc l dc.
geomechanics rock mass classification
[6174] : h phn loi a c, h phn loi RMR
H phn loi ny da trn c s cc s liu
thu thp c cc cng trnh xy dng dn
dng trong trm tch Nam Phi. Sau h
tip tc c hon thin t kinh nghim p
dng nhng ni khc trn th gii. H RMR
s dng 5 thng s phn loi l: - sc bn ca
mu nguyn trng; - nh danh cht lng
RQD; - gin cch khe nt; - c im khe
nt; - c im nc ngm. Cng gp im ca
tng thng s cho ta gi tr RMR tng c s.
Gi tr ny s c hiu chnh ty theo hng
ca h khe nt chnh. T gi tr RMR hiu
chnh, c th c tnh mt s thng s c l
ca hoc xut cc bin php tr lc, thi
cng v.v.
geomedicine [6175] : y hc a cht.
n: medical geology.
geometric correction [6176] : qu trnh hiu
chnh (nn chnh) hnh hc.
Mt trong nhng sai lc v hnh hc ca
nh vin thm thng thy l sai do php
chiu, hng ca my thu (sensor) trn v tinh.
S sai lc hnh hc c th nh ngha nh mt
tp hp cc phng trnh bin i t ta gc
(x,y) n ta bin dng (x',y'). Hiu chnh
hnh hc khi phc f(x,y) t g(x,y) c 2 giai
on: xy dng m hnh bin dng (distortion
model) v khi phc mu (resampling).
geometric mean [6177] : trung bnh nhn.
Cn bc n ca tch cc tr s ca n s
dng.
geometric process [6178] : qu trnh x l
hnh hc.
Mt qu trnh thay i nhng v tr nhng
khng thay i gi tr ca pixel trong nh.
geometrical terms [6179] : thut ng hnh hc
geomorphogeny [6180] : a mo ngun gc.
Mt phn ca mn a mo nghin cu
ngun gc, s pht trin v nhng c im
bin i b mt Tri t hoc a hnh.
n: genetic physiography.
geomorphography [6181] : a mo hnh thi.
Mt phn ca mn a mo chuyn nghin
cu vic m t c im b mt Tri t hay
a hnh.
geomorphology [6182] : a mo hc.
Khoa hc nghin cu hnh dng chung ca
b mt Tri t, c bit l nghin cu cch
phn loi, m t, bn cht, ngun gc v s
pht trin a hnh hin ti v mi quan h ca
chng vi cu trc bn di v vi lch s
thay i a cht c ghi li.
geomorphy [6183] : geomorphy.
262
 1- Vi ngha a mo hc (geomorphology).
2- ng ngha vi a hnh hc
(topography).
geopathogenic zone [6184] : i geopathogen,
i a bnh nguyn.
Mt i hay vng a l m con ngi v
sinh vt sng y thng mc mt s bnh t
gp nhng ni khc do nguyn nhn t mi
trng a cht (thiu vi cht dinh dng hay
tha vi cht c hi, tc ng ca cc trng
a vt l, v.v.). Thut ng do cc nh a cht
Nga xut.
geopathology [6185] : a bnh l hc.
Lnh vc y hc nghin cu nhng bnh tt
do mi trng a cht gy ra nh bnh nhim
c arsen do tha arsen, bnh bu c do thiu
iod trong thch quyn, thy quyn, sinh quyn.
geophagia [6186] : tt nghin t.
Thi quen ca mt s ngi (v ng vt)
thch n t (st) do i hi sinh l cn b
sung st hay mt s nguyn t vi lng c
trong t m c th thiu ht. t cng c tc
dng lm gim acid ca d dy. Tuy nhin,
t ng thi cng a vo c th nhng cht
c hi v vi khun gy bnh c hi cho sc
khe. Nhng cch vit khc : geophagy,
geophagism.
geophone [6187] : my ghi a chn.
V in th t l thun vi s dch chuyn v
tr, tc chuyn ng ca t nm trong di
tn s nht nh nn ta c th ghi sng a
chn hot ng ng nht bng my ghi (thu)
a chn.
geophysic crew [6188] : i a vt l.
geophysical [6189] : thuc a vt l.
geophysical exploration [6190] : a vt l
thm d.
S dng cc k thut a vt l nh thm d
in, trng lc, t, a chn, a nhit iu
tra, tm kim cc khong sn c ch nh du
kh, khong sn kim loi, nc di t, v.v.
hoc nghin cu a cht cng trnh.
geophysical log [6191] : a vt l l khoan,
carota.
geophysical prospecting [6192] : a vt l
thm d.
Thm d bng phng php a vt l.
geophysical survey [6193] : o v a vt l.
S dng mt hoc vi phng php k thut
a vt l vo vic thm d a vt l nh dng
in t, cc phng php thm d in, trng
lc, t, phng x, a chn. i khi bao gm
cc phng php k thut a ha.
geophysical tests [6194] : th nghim, o a
vt l.
geophysical tests for the estimation of in situ
moduli [6195] : o a vt l ngoi
hin trng.
o a vt l tnh cc hng s n hi
ng ngoi hin trng.
geophysicist [6196] : nh a vt l.
Ngi c chuyn mn a vt l, ngi
nghin cu tnh cht vt l ca t , qung,
p dng cc php o vt l gii quyt cc
vn a cht v khong sn cn gi l
chuyn gia a vt l.
geophysics [6197] : mn a vt l, khoa hc
a vt l.
Mn khoa hc nghin cu Tri t bng cc
phng php vt l nh lng.
a vt l c phn ra vt l a quyn, vt
l kh quyn, vt l thy quyn v vt l khng
gian Mt tri-Tri t. C nhiu chuyn ngnh
a vt l nh a vt l tm kim thm d, a
chn hc, vt l kin to, a vt l cng trnh.
Thut ng ny i khi bao gm c cc cng c
nghin cu Mt trng v cc hnh tinh.
georgiadesite [6198] : georgiadesit.
Khong vt h thoi mu trng hoc vng-
nu nht: Pb3 (AsO4)Cl.
geoscience [6199] : khoa hc a cht.
Gm cc khoa hc chuyn ngnh trong a
cht. Thng dng vi ngha s nhiu.
n: earth science.
geostatistics [6200] : a thng k.
1- Khoa hc thng k p dng trong a
cht.
2- Trin khai k thut thng k nh gi
hm m do trng phi G. Matheron Php
xng.
geostratigraphic [6201] : a tng a cht.
Ngha rng ca a tng.
V d: geostratigraphic standards hay
geostratigraphic stage.
geosynclinal [6202] : a mng.
1- Danh t c c dng ch a mng
(geosyncline).
2- Tt: a mng.
geosynclinal cycle [6203] : chu k a mng
(chu k kin to-tectonic cycle).
geosynclinal facies [6204] : tng a mng.
Kiu tng trm tch c dy ln, thnh
phn u th l st, ngho carbonat; bao gm
cc lp phin st, phin st bt c cu to ng
nht, phn nhp, xen k u n vi cc lp
graywack, c hnh thnh vi tc trm tch
cao trong mt trng a mng st ln mnh,
mi trng bin su.
geosyncline [6205] : a mng.
Vn ng st ln ca v Tri t to thnh
263
nhng bn trng ko di nhiu km, trong
trm tch v phun tro to thnh nhng tch t
c dy hng nghn mt. a mng c th
hnh thnh trong mt thi on ca chu k kin
to trong km theo vn ng to ni. Nhng
im khc nhau v ngun gc, ng lc v c
trng v bn cht ca a mng c th hin
trong nhng s khc nhau c s dng
lm r nhng nt ring bit ca chng. Mt
s da trn mi lin quan kin to ca cc n
v v; hoc nhn mnh qu trnh to ni, s
khc li quan tm n lin quan gia trm tch
a mng vi s st ln. S tha nhn cu trc
mng ca thch quyn dn ti s nh gi l
hu nh tt c hin tng a mng c lin
quan ti s ng, m i dng. Ss: mobile
belt. ngn: geoanticline. n: synclinirium.
geotechnical [6206] : a k thut.
C lin quan n nhiu lnh vc ca a k
thut (geotechnics).
geotechnics [6207] : a k thut.
Khoa hc ng dng cc phng php hay
nguyn l khoa hc k thut thu thp, phn
tch v s dng kin thc v cc vt liu ca v
Tri t nhm gii quyt cc vn k thut;
y l mt ngnh khoa hc ng dng lm cho
Tri t thch hp hn vi i sng ca con
ngi. a k thut bao gm cc lnh vc v c
hc t, c hc v nhiu kha cnh k thut
khc na ca a cht, a vt l, thy vn v
cc khoa hc lin quan.
geotechnique [6208] : a k thut.
n: geotechnics. T gc Php.
geotechnology [6209] : a k thut.
Vic ng dng cc phng php khoa hc
k thut cng trnh vo khai thc, s dng ti
nguyn thin nhin.
geotectocline [6210] : geotectoclin.
Tch ng trm tch a mng mt trng
st ln. Bn nm gia cc ng g trong mt
trng st ln. n: tectocline.
geotectogene [6211] : a kin sinh, ngun
gc a kin to, tectogene.
geotectonic [6212] : a kin to, tectonic.
geotectonic cycle [6213] : chu k a kin to
S tip ni ca cc giai on a mng, to
ni, craton.
geotectonics [6214] : a kin to, tectonics.
geotextile [6215] : vi a k thut.
Vt liu nhn to c dt dng trong
a k thut.
geotexture [6216] : a cu trc, a cu to.
Cu to b mt Tri t th hin bi nhng
yu t rng ln nht ca a hnh (khi lc a,
i dng) c hnh thnh lin quan vi
nhng qu trnh ton cu.
geothermal [6217] : a nhit.
Lin quan n nhit bn trong ca Tri t.
geothermal brine [6218] : nc mui
a nhit.
Nc mui c nung nng ln lin quan
vi chiu su ca n, l kt qu ca s kt hp
vi cc ngun nhit d thng.
geothermal energy [6219] : nng lng
a nhit.
Nng lng c chit ra t bn trong ca
Tri t.
geothermal flux [6220] :
Dng nhit a nhit trn mt n v thi
gian.
geothermal gradient [6221] : a nhit cp
T l tng ca nhit trong Tri t theo
chiu su. a nhit cp thay i cc vng
khc nhau ph thuc vo dng nhit trong
vng v dn nhit ca t . a nhit cp
trung bnh ca v Tri t xp x = 25oC/km
su.
geothermal heat flow [6222] : dng a nhit
Tng nng lng nhit ta ra trn mt cm2/s
c o bng cal/cm2 hoc mw/m2. Dng nhit
trung bnh cho ton cu l khong 1,50,5
micro cal/cm2/s hoc 1,5 n v dng nhit.
geothermal prospecting [6223] : thm d
a nhit.
iu tra cc vng d thng nhit c
ngha v kinh t nng lng mi trng.
geothermometer [6224] : a nhit k.
Khong vt hay t hp khong vt m thnh
phn cu trc hoc cc bao th c hn nh
trong phm vi cc gii hn nhit bit di
cc iu kin p sut ring, thnh phn v s
hin din ca chng ch r gii hn hoc gii
nhit ca thnh to gn km.
geothermometry [6225] : nghin cu
a nhit.
1- Nghin cu nhit Tri t, bao gm c
nhit ca tri t, hu qu ca nhit ln
cc qu trnh l ha, ngun nhit Tri t v
ni la.
2- Xc nh nhit cn bng ca ,
khong vt hay cht lng.
gerasimovskite [6226] : gerasimovskit.
Khong vt: (Mn,Ca)2 (Nb,T)5 O12.
gerhardtite [6227] : gerhardtit.
Khong vt mu xanh emerald:
Cu2(NO3)(OH)3.
germanite [6228] : germanit.
Khong vt mu nht-xm:
Cu3(Ge,Ga,Fe)(S,As)4.
264
germanium [6229] : germani (Ge).
Nguyn t ha hc s 32, nguyn t lng
72,612; t trng 5,323g/cm3, thuc nhm kim
loi nng siderophil, c 5 ng v bn v 24
ng v khng bn. Hm lng Ge trong cc
(ppm): v lc a trn l 1,4; siu mafic 0,9;
gabro-basalt 1,3; granit granodiorit 1,6;
phin 1,9; trong t 2,1; nc i dng
0,00005mg/l, nc sng sui 0,00005mg/l. Cc
khong vt tiu biu l argyrodit Ag8GeS6,
germanit Cu3(Ga,Ge,Fe)(SAs)4. Phng php
phn tch: ICP-MS. Dng trong cc ngnh thy
tinh, xc tc, bn dn, transitor, dc phm.
gerstleyite [6230] : gerstleyit.
Khong vt mu :
(Na,Li)4 As2 Sb8S17.6H2O.
gerstmannite [6231] : gerstmanit.
Khong vt h thoi:
(Mg, Mn)2Zn (SiO4)(OH)2
getchellite [6232] : getchelit.
Khong vt: AsSbS3.
geversite [6233] : geversit.
Khong vt: PtS2 thuc nhm pyrit.
geyser [6234] : geyser, mch nc phun.
Mch nc nng ln hi nng phun thnh
tia cao trn mt t theo nhp gin on,
thng c mt nhng vng hot ng ni la.
geyser basin [6235] : bn geyser.
Thung lng xut hin nhiu vi phun nc
nng (geyser) v hi nc nng.
geyser cone [6236] : nn geyser.
Khi sinter hnh chp nn bao quanh ming
geyser, c hnh thnh nh s tch t cc
khong cht silic t nc nng do geyser
phun ra.
geyser crater [6237] : ming phun geyser.
L hnh phu, t tia geyser phun ln mt
t. X: geyser.
ghost crystal [6238] : tinh th gi hnh.
X: phantom crystal.
ghost stratigraphy [6239] : du vt a tng.
Du vt ngun gc thch hc v s phn lp
trong cc tng bin cht cao.
Ghyben Herzberg conditions [6240] : iu
kin Ghyben-Herzberg.
iu kin cn bng p lc thy tnh ti mt
tip xc gia nc mn v nc nht trong cc
tng cha nc vng ven bin.
gianellaite [6241] : gianelait.
Khong vt c quan h cht ch vi
mosesit: (NHg2)2(SO4).
gibbsite [6242] : gibsit.
Khong vt Al(OH)3 h n nghing mu
trng a hnh vi bayerit v nordstrandin.
Gibsit c thnh to do phong ha ca
basalt, l thnh phn ca bauxit.
n: hydrargilite.
giessenite [6243] : giesenit.
Khong vt h thoi: Pb9Cu Bi6 Sb1,5 S30.
gigantism [6244] : hin tng khng l ha.
S pht trin n mt kch thc to ln
khng bnh thng trong ng vt, do s tng
trng qu mc ca mt s b phn cng,
thng i km s yu i ca cu trc v s bt
lc gii tnh; trong thc vt l s tng trng
cy ci thi qu.
gilalite [6245] : gilalit.
Khong vt: Cu5Si6O17.7H2O.
gill [6246] : mang.
C quan gip con vt lc oxy trong nc
th, v d Thn mm, C, v.v.
gill chamber [6247] : phng cha mang.
X: branchial chamber.
gill slit [6248] : khe mang.
L ca ng vt Da gai, nh mt khe
a Sao bin chy dc ra nn ca mt tay v
dn ti ti thn; ng vt c xng sng
di nc l mt hay mt s ca nm pha
sau hay bn di u cho nc thot ra sau
khi i qua mang. n: branchial slit.
gillespite [6249] : gilespit
Khong vt mu : BaFeSi4O10.
giniite [6250] : giniit.
Khong vt c quan h vi triphylit:
Fe+2Fe+34 (H2O)2 (OH)2 (PO4)4
ginorite [6251] : ginorit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu trng:
Ca2B14O23 .8H2O.
ginzburgite [6252] : ginzburgit.
Tn nhm khong vt st kaolin giu st.
giobertite [6253] : giobertit.
X: magnesite.
giraudite [6254] : giraudit.
Khong vt: (Cu,Zn,Ag)12(As,Sb)4(Se,S)13,
thuc nhm tetrahedrit cha arsen tng t
hakit.
girdite [6255] : girdit.
Khong vt: H2Pb3 (TeO)TeO6.
girdle [6256] : ai, di vng.
Di chm ln nhau ca hai mnh v gip
To silic (Diatomeae), n: cingulum; Trng
hai lng roi (Dinoflagellata) l mt rnh ngang
bao quanh v hoc thn, mt s khc l phn
ca v nm gia mnh v ngoi v mnh v
trong; Trng tia ng dy (Spumellaria) l
mt din thm xon hay dng vng khung
xng; ng vt c xng sng l phn ca
b xng ni lin cc chi trc hoc sau vi
265
xng sng.
GIS (Geographic information System)
[6257] : h thng tin a l.
Mt tp hp c t chc bao gm cc my
tnh, phn mm, d liu a l v con ngi
thit k, nm bt, lu gi, cp nht thao tc,
phn tch v hin th c hiu qu tt c cc
dng thng tin c lin quan ti ta a l.
gismondine [6258] : gismondin.
Khong vt zeolit: CaAl2Si2O8.4H2O i khi
cha kali. n: gismondite.
gittinsite [6259] : gitinsit.
Khong vt: CaZrSi2O7, cng lot vi
thortveitit.
giuseppettite [6260] : giusepetit.
Khong vt h su phng nhm cancrinit:
(Na,K,Ca)(Al6Si6)O24(SO4)18Cl0,25.
gizzard [6261] : m.
Phn cui cng ca na trc ca thc
qun, ng vt dng Nhn (Arachnida) pht
trin nh mt c quan bm; chim, l u sau
ca d dy c trng bi s pht trin mnh m
ca cc thnh c.
glabella [6262] : mi gian.
Phn trc nh cao ca gip u B ba thy,
l phn trc ca trc hay thy trc; mt s
dng gm c vng chm.
glabellar furrow [6263] : rnh mi gian.
Rnh hp chy ngang qua mi gian ca B
ba thy, thng khng hon chnh hoc b ngt
qung. Cn gi l "lateral glabellar furrow".
glabellar lobe [6264] : thy mi gian.
Thy nm ngang trn mi gian B ba thy t
nhiu b gii hn bi ton b hay cc phn ca
rnh mi gian; l vt st li ca cc on
nguyn thy ghp li vi nhau gip u. Cn
gi l "lateral glabellar lobe".
glacial [6265] : bng h.
glacial action [6266] : tc ng bng h.
Tt c cc qu trnh nh bo mn, vn
chuyn, tch t trm tch do tc ng ca bng
h. i khi thut ng ny cn c s dng
ch nhng tc ng ca cc dng nc chy do
bng tan ti cc qu trnh thnh to trm tch.
glacial block [6267] : khi bng h.
Mnh gc cnh, kch thc ln, t b bin
i trong qu trnh vn chuyn ca bng h.
glacial boulder [6268] : tng bng.
Tng hoc mnh ln b bng h lm
vn chuyn trn mt khong cch xa, nhng
ch chu tc ng no ca qu trnh bo
mn, khng phi lun lun c bo trn.
glacial canyon [6269] : hm sng bng, hm
bng h.
Hm ni (hay canhion) do bng h o xi
(xm thc) thng chim c v tr lng sng
sui c, c mt ct ngang hnh ch U.
glacial cave [6270] : hang sng bng, hm
bng h.
1- Hang, ng c thnh to ngay trong
sng bng.
2- n: ice cave.
glacial drift [6271] : trm tch c ngun gc
bng h.
glacial epoch [6272] : k nguyn bng h.
Mt phn ca thi gian a cht t Tin
Cambri tr v trc. Thi k , kh hu lnh
c bit c Bc v Nam bn cu, bng h ch
yu dch chuyn theo hng xch o v ph
trn din tch rng ln hn hin nay rt nhiu.
glacial erosion [6273] : xm thc sng bng.
Qu trnh nghin nt, ra xi, ko, co v
mi b mt t do bng h cng vi cc mnh
nm trong khi chuyn ng to nn.
glacial lake [6274] : h sng bng, h bng h
H thnh to do nc bng tan ra hoc h
thnh to ngay trn bng h do nc bng tan
ra vi cng khc nhau.
glacial marine sedimentation [6275] : trm
tch bng h bin.
S tch t trong mi trng bin cc trm
tch ngun lc a do bng h bo mn. Vt
liu trm tch c th do sng, bng tri hoc
gi vn chuyn ti. Trm tch ny c th phn
thnh mt bin th ca tng bin-bng h.
glacial period [6276] : thi k bng h
1- c bit nh th Pleitocen. n: glacial
epoch.
2- Mt k a cht v d k T, bao gm
mt hay nhiu t pht trin bng h.
glacial plain [6277] : ng bng sng bng.
ng bng (hay bnh nguyn) c thnh
to do tc ng trc tip ca bng h.
glacial stage [6278] : giai on bng h.
Phn chia nh ca k nguyn bng h. n:
glacial.
glacial terrace [6279] : thm sng bng.
Thm c thnh to do s hat ng ca
bng hoc do s sp xp li vt liu bng h
di dng bc thm (nh di tch mt lot thm
thung lng) hoc do o khot vo gc.
X: kame terrace.
glaciated coast [6280] : b bin sng bng.
B bin c c im nh bng h lin tc
ca thi k sng bng Pleistocene hoc b bin
hin ti c bng h bao ph.
glacio eustasy [6281] : thay i mc nc
bin v i dng do bng sp, tri v tan
266
thnh nc.
glaciofluvial [6282] : sng bng.
Tnh t thuc v sng-bng h: nc bng
tan trong sng sui, ra tri cc trm tch v
a hnh b mt; hot ng hn hp ca sng
sui v bng h.
glaciokarst [6283] : karst sng bng.
Karst c thnh to vng c v cao
hoc vng cc.
glaciolacustrine [6284] : h bng.
Vt liu c ngun gc t, hoc c trm
tch trong mt h bng h.
glaciology [6285] : mn hc sng bng, hay
mn bng gi hc.
1- Khoa hc nghin cu v hot ng ca
tuyt v bng, s bin i nh lng ca cc
qu trnh lin quan vi trng thi rn ca nc.
n: cryology.
2- Nghin cu s tn ti ca bng h, lp
m bng h v cc tnh cht vt l ca chng.
nh ngha ny khng c tnh cht tha nhn
quc t.
glaciospeleology [6286] : hang ng bng h.
Nghin cu hang ng bng h.
gladite [6287] : gladit.
Khong vt mu xm ch: PbCuBi5S9.
glance [6288] : lp lnh.
Khong vt c nh kim, qung ng sulfur.
glass rock [6289] : thy tinh.
Thut ng c s dng min bc Illinois
v min nam Wisconsin ch loi vi
sch, kin trc n tinh, c tui Trenton.
glass sand [6290] : ct thy tinh.
Loi ct c hm lng thnh phn silic cao
(93-99%), hm lng oxid st, crom, cobalt v
cc cht mu khc thp, dng sn xut
thy tinh.
glass sponge [6291] : bt bin trong sut.
X: hyalosponge.
glassy feldspar [6292] : feldspar thy tinh.
n: sanidine.
glassy lustre [6293] : nh thy tinh.
nh lp lnh nh thy tinh.
glauberite [6294] : glauberit
Khong vt h n nghing, rn, sng mu:
Na2Ca(SO4)2, nh thy tinh v c v mn, tn
d ca mui.
glaucochroite [6295] : glaucochroit.
Khong vt h thoi mu xanh nht, tm hoc
hng nht: CaMnSiO4.
glaucodot [6296] : glaucodot.
Khong vt: (Co,Fe)AsS.
glaucokerinite [6297] : glaucokerinit.
Khong vt mu xanh da tri:
(Cu,Zn)10Al4(SO4)(OH)30.2H2O (?).
glauconarenite [6298] : ct kt glauconit
glauconite [6299] : glauconit
1- Khong vt dng t hoc dng ht mu
xanh nht ca nhm mica:
(K,Na)(Al,Fe+3,Mg)2(Al,Si)4O10(OH)2, c
xem nh l khong vt giu st tng t vi
ilit. Glauconit c trong ct kt mu lc v
thnh to trong mi trng bin hin ti, ph
bin nht trong trm tch silicat st, trong trm
tch bin t Cambri n hin i. Glauconit ch
th cho trm tch c tc lng ng rt chm.
2- Thut ng dng ch khong vt mu
xanh, thnh phn silicat kali v st ngm nc.
glauconitic [6300] : glauconitic.
Tp hp khong vt cha glauconit mu
xanh c trng.
glauconitic sandstone [6301] : ct kt
glauconit.
Loi ct kt c hm lng glauconit
to mu pht lc cho .
glaucophane [6302] : glaucophan.
Khong vt h n nghing mu xanh, en
xanh nht hoc xanh xm nht thuc nhm
amphibol: Na2(Mg,Fe+2)Al2Si8O22(OH)2. Glau-
cophan c dng lng tr trong phin kt
tinh.
glaucophane schist [6303] : phin (dip
thch) glaucophan.
L mt loi phin amphibol, trong
glocophan nhiu hn hornblend. Epidot thng
xuyn c mt, ngoi ra cn c thch anh v
mica. Ss: blueschist
glaucophane schist facies [6304] : tng
phin (dip thch) glaucophan.
L tp hp ca nhng t hp (tng)
khong vt bin cht, trong cc basic
cha tp hp khong vt amphibol Na (th d
glaucophan, crosit), lawsonit, pyroxen Na,
aragonit, epidot v granat. Cp khong vt
jadeit + thch anh c ngha chn on, xc
nh chnh xc v tng v s thay i chi tit
ca n. iu th hin nhit ca tng
ny thp hn v p sut cao hn so vi tng
phin lc (greenschist facies). Nhng tnh cht
c trng cho hin tng bin cht trong
i ht chm (subduction) vi gradient a
nhit thp. n: blueschist facies.
glaucopyrite [6305] : glaucopyrit.
Loi loelingit cha cobal.
glaukosphaerite [6306] : glaukosphaerit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu xanh:
(Cu, Ni)2 (CO3)(OH)2
Glenarm [6307] : Glenarm.
Thng a phng ca cc Tin Cambri
267
 New Jersey, Pensylvani, Delaware Maryland
v Virgina.
glendonite [6308] : glendonit
Gi hnh ca carbonat (calcit, hoc siderit)
theo glauberit.
glide breccia [6309] : dm kt trt.
Loi dm kt c thnh to do cc hot
ng trng lc di nc lm bin dng, v
vn v c lng ng trong mt iu kin
km n nh.
gliding [6310] : trt (kv).
S bin dng do ca tinh th, trong mt
phn ca tinh th chuyn dch tng i so vi
phn khc ca n theo mt phng song song
nht nh ca mng khng gian.
glinite [6311] : glinit.
Tn nhm ca nhng khong vt st trong
trm tch st.
glink [6312] : sn xm thc vch ng.
Sn dc ng hoc vch ng; c bit
chng c thnh to do s xm thc su ca
cc thnh h c sc bn ln.
glint lake [6313] : h vch ng.
H c thnh to dc theo thung lng hp
c sn dc ng hoc vch ng.
glint line [6314] : ng sn xm thc
vch ng.
Sn xm thc vch ng hay dc ng, rt
rng c thnh to do bc mn cc thnh to
c bn ln v th nm rt thoi nh sn
vi dng ng tui Silur vng H Thng
(Hoa K). Thut ng cn c dng ch
ranh gii gia vng khin c vi cc
tr hn.
Global Environmental Facility (GEF)
[6315]: qu Mi trng ton cu.
Mt hnh thc hp tc quc t mi lin kt,
phi hp cc t chc UNDP, UNEP v WB
nhm a ra mt c ch tr gip c hiu qu
cho cc nc ang pht trin gii quyt nhng
vn mi trng c tnh ton cu (a dng
sinh hc, ti nguyn nc quc t, bin i kh
hu, hy hoi tng ozon, v.v.)
Global Environmental Monitoring System
(GEMS) [6316] : h thng gim st
(monitoring) mi trng ton cu.
Mng li cc trm quan trc (monitoring)
mi trng bao trm khp cc chu lc (vi
mt mt trm /10-100 nghn km2) nhm
kim sot tnh trng mi trng trn quy m
hnh tinh, phc v vic d bo, cnh bo
nhng bin ng v tai ha mi trng, t
ra nhng hot ng phi hp bo v mi
trng ton cu.
Global Meteoric Water Line (GMWL)
[6317] : ng nc kh tng ton cu.
ng th chun so snh thnh phn
ng v ca nc mt vng no vi nc
kh tng ton cu, nhm xc nh ngun gc,
iu kin thnh to ca mu nc nghin cu.
Global sea level rise [6318] : s tng mc
nc bin ton cu.
Hin tng nc bin tng cao do s nng
ln ca Tri t lm tan cc khi bng khng
l hai a cc. Theo d bo, n nm 2100,
mc nc bin th gii c th tng ln khong
50cm, dn n hu qu nhiu hi o v cc
vng t thp ven b s b trn ngp, nhn
chm hng lot cc vng kinh t-dn c quan
trng. Nc bin xm nhp su vo t lin
gy nhim mn t ai v ngun nc.
phng nga tai ha, cc quc gia ang phi
hp hnh ng trong vic thc hin cc iu
c quc t v bo v tng ozon, nhm ngn
chn s nng ln ca Tri t-tc nhn gy ra
hin tng tng mc nc bin.
global tectonics [6319] : kin to ton cu.
Hot ng kin to c quy m ton cu. l
qu trnh kin to lin quan vi s vn ng
xy ra trn phm vi rng ln ca vt cht trong
Tri t. Chnh xc hn l kin to ton cu
mi (new global tectonics).
Global Warming [6320] : s nng ln
ton cu.
Hin tng nng ln ca kh quyn Tri t
do s gia tng lng kh thi cng nghip lm
suy gim tng ozon v gy hiu ng nh knh.
Theo d bo, nu khng c nhng bin php
hu hiu ngn chn s pht thi kh nh
knh th trong vng 100 nm ti, nhit Tri
t s tng 5-6oC so vi hin ti. S nng ln
ca Tri t s lm tan bt nhng khi bng
khng l hai a cc, khin cho mc nc
bin dng cao, nhn chm nhiu o v cc
vng t thp ven b-thng l nhng trung
tm kinh t-dn c quan trng; Kh hu Tri
t s thay i vi s gia tng nn hn hn, l
lt; cc dng hi lu c nguy c b tro trn
hoc bin mt, khin nhiu loi sinh vt khng
kp thch nghi d b tuyt dit. trnh nhng
tai ha trn, Nhiu hi ngh quc t vi hng
lot cng c, ngh nh th c k kt,
nhiu bin php ang c xc tin trn quy
m ton cu nhm bo v tng ozon.
Global Warming Potential (GWP) [6321] :
tim nng lm tng nhit ton cu.
H s nh gi kh nng ca mt cht no
tham gia vo vic lm gia tng nhit ca
bu kh quyn. GWP cng cao th tc hi i
vi tng kh quyn cng ln.
268
globigerina ooze [6322] : bn globigerina.
Trm tch vi bin su cha ti thiu 30%
v Foraminifer, trong ging Globigerina
chim u th.
globigerinid [6323] : Trng
(Globigerinaceae).
Trng l tri ni thuc mt lin h c v
thng l vi vch hai lp v thnh v bng tinh
th calcit ta tia. Tui: Jura gia n nay.
glomerocryst [6324] : glomerocryt.
Tp hp nhng tinh th ca nhng khong
vt ging nhau.
glomospirine [6325] : c vng xon
khng u.
V Trng l c vng cun xon khng u,
nht l thuc ging Glomospira.
glucine [6326] : glucin.
Khong vt: CaBe4(PO4)2(OH)4 .1/2H2O.
glushinskite [6327] : glushinskit.
Khong vt: MgC2O4.2H2O
gmelinite [6328] : gmelinit.
Khong vt zeolit h su phng:
(Na2,Ca)Al2 Si4O12.6H2O.
gnathal lobe [6329] : thy hm.
Nhnh trong nhai hm trn ca mt
ng vt V gip.
gnathobase [6330] : ra gc hm.
Ra pha ming x rng ca ca t hng
ng vt Chn khp thuc phn lp
Eurypterida.
gnathosoma [6331] : phn c ming.
Phn trc ca thn ng vt dng Nhn
(thuc b Acarida) mang cc b phn ca
ming. n: gnathosome, capitulum.
gnathostome [6332] : Ming
(Gnathostomata).
ng vt c xng sng c b xng ph
tng trc bin i thnh hm; nhm ny gm
tt c cc lp C xng sng, tr nhm Khng
hm (Agnatha).
gnathothorax [6333] : lin t ngc hm.
Ngc v phn ca u mang cc c quan
bt mi ca ng vt Chn khp.
gneiss [6334] : gneis.
phn di c thnh to do bin cht
khu vc, trong cc di, thu knh khong
vt dng ht xen k vi cc gii thu knh
khong vt dng tm v nhiu khong vt hnh
tr di. Nhn chung c t hn 50% khong vt
c nh hng song song. Mc du gneis ch
yu c feldspar v thch anh, nhng thnh
phn khong vt khng phi l yu t quan
trng phn bit chng. Chng c phn
bit bi cu to (th d gneis dng mt); bi
khong vt c trng (th d gneis hornblend);
bi thnh phn tng qut hoc ngun gc (th
d gneis granit).
gneissic [6335] : cu to gneis, kin trc gneis,
cu thuc gneis.
Kin trc v cu to in hnh ca gneis vi
cc gii c phm vi rng, t r rng, hay b
gin on hn so vi kin trc hoc cu to
phin (schistose).
gneissic structure [6336] : cu to gneis.
Trong bin cht, ch yu l gneis c s
xen k gia cc di, lp ht th thnh phn
silic v mafic.
n: gneissosity; gneissose structure.
gneissoid [6337] : gneisoid, dng gneis.
Kin trc v cu to ging gneis, nhng l
kt qu ca qu trnh phi bin cht, th d dng
magma nht to thnh granit gneisoid.
gneissose [6338] : gneisos, dng gneis.
1- c cu to ging gneis nhng khng
phi l kt qu ca qu trnh bin cht.
2- vi nhiu lp dng ht, phin, thu
knh xen k nhau c phn bit bi thnh
phn khong vt v kin trc.
gneissose structure [6339] : cu to gneis.
X: gneissic structure.
gneissosity [6340] : cu to gneis.
X: gneissic structure.
goblinsite [6341] : goblinsit.
Khong vt:
Na4(Cu,Mg,K2)Al6Si10O32.12H2O, l zeolit
quan h vi gismondin, merlinoit, philipsit,
garonit v mt s hn hp ca Na-P zeolit.
godlevskite [6342] : godlevskit.
hm Khong vt: (Ni,Fe)7S6.
goedkenite [6343] : goedkenit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
(Sr,Ca)2 Al(PO4)2(OH).
goethite [6344] : goetit.
Khong vt mu vng nht, nht hoc
mu en nu nht: FeO(OH), ng hnh vi
lepidocrocitv akaganeit. Geotit l thnh phn
ph bin nht ca i oxid ha limonit, l sn
phm phong ha trong m st ca qung
sulfua. Cn vit l gthite. n: alcharite,
santhosiderite.
gold [6345] : vng (Au).
1-Tn Latinh l aurum. Nguyn t ha hc
s 79, nguyn t lng 196,9665; t trng
19,3g/cm3, thuc nhm nguyn t qu, nng,
siderophil. C 1 ng v bn Au197 v 45 ng
v khng bn. Hm lng Au trong cc
(ppm): v lc a trn l 0,0018; siu mafic
0,0005; gabro-basalt 0,0015; granit granodiorit
269
0,002; phin 0,002; trong t 0,0013; trong
nc i dng 0,000004mg/l. Cc khong vt
tiu biu l vng t sinh, calaverit Au2Te,
krennerit (AU,Ag)Te2, sylvanit (Ag,Au)Te4,
petzit Ag3AuTe2. Phng php phn tch: ICP-
MS, INAA, GF-AAS. Dng trong ngnh kim
hon, nha khoa, in t, c tin, m in,
xc tc.
2-Vng t sinh, khong vt ng thc mu
vng, nng, mm, l kim loi t sinh ca
nguyn t Au. Trong t nhin thng i km
vi bc, ng, bismut, thy ngn hoc nhng
kim loi khc v thng c mt trong m sa
khong aluvi hoc trong cc mch i km vi
thch anh v sulfur. Vng rt d ko si, dt
mng v c s dng trong lnh vc kim hon
v chun quc t v ti chnh.
gold amalgam [6346] : hn hng vng.
L mt bin th ca vng t nhin c cha
thy ngn, mt hn hng t nhin thng c
cha n 40% vng v c bc, thy ngn, dng
ht mu trng pht vng. Thng cng sinh vi
bch kim.
gold beryl [6347] : khong vt beryl vng.
n: chrysoberyl, l khong vt cng
BeAl2O4 c mu vng, lc nht, nu, c cha
mt t st dng trang sc. Khng nn ln vi
golden beryl.
gold dust [6348] : bi vng.
Cc ht nh, vy vng c trong cc m
sa khong.
gold flour [6349] : vng cm.
gold opal [6350] : opal vng.
Loi opal la c mu nh vng kim loi.
gold quartz [6351] : thch anh vng.
Khong vt thch anh trng sa cha bao
th vng nh.
goldamalgam [6352] : goldamalgam (hn
hng vng).
Khong vt: (Au, Ag)Hg.
golden beryl [6353] : beryl qu.
Loi ngc beryl c mu vng hoc vng lc
sng p c dng lm ngc trang sc tm
thy Nam Phi, ging nh heliodor.
goldfieldite [6354] : goldfieldit.
Khong vt mu xm ch:
Cu12(Sb, As)4(Te, S)18, cha tenlur tng t
vi tetraedrit.
goldichite [6355] : goldichit.
Khong vt n nghing mu lc nht
KFe(SO4)2.4H2O.
goldmanite [6356] : goldmanit.
Khong vt trong nhm granat
Ca3(V,Al,Fe)2(SiO4)3.
goldschmidtine [6357] : goldschmidtin.
n: stephanite.
goldschmidtite [6358] : goldchcmidtit.
n: sylvanite.
Goldschmidt's phase rule [6359] : lut tng
Goldschmidt.
Lut tng khong vt. n: mineralogical
phase rule.
goldstone [6360] : vng.
Loi thy tinh trong sut mu nu c
cha cc ht mn ng kim loi.
n: anventurine glass.
gonal spine [6361] : gai gc.
Gai nm cc gc ca phin bng thn
Trng hai lng roi (Dinoflagellata).
gonatoparian [6362] : B ba thy gc m.
Thuc hay lin quan n B ba thy c
ng khu mt m cc on sau i ti tn
mp gip u ch gc m; cn ch chnh
cc ng khu mt ni trn, gi l ng
khu gc m.
gongylodont [6363] : bn l rng ngc.
Loi bn l ca mt lp Ostracoda gm ba
cu t, ni cc cu t cui cng mnh v li
ngc li, nh ging Loxoconcha.
goniatite [6364] : Goniatitida.
Chn u dng Cc thuc mt b
thng c trng bi mt v c ng khu
gy gc vi tm thy khng chia nh. Tui:
Devon gia-Permi mun.
goniatitic suture [6365] : ng khu goniatit
Mt kiu ng khu v Chn u dng
Cc trong hu ht hoc tt c cc thy v
yn u khng chia nh, i khi c ngoi l l
thy bng chia ra dng rng ca.
gonnardite [6366] : gonardit.
Khong vt zeolit: Na2CaAl4Si6O20.7H2O
dng si mnh, dng cu nh ta tia.
gonopore [6367] : l sinh sn, l sinh dc.
Mt l n dng lm u ra cho h sinh sn
ng vt Da gai, v d ng vt Phao bin
hay Sao bin c nh; Gip v, l u th ra
ca ng dn sinh dc, gi n gin l l
sinh dc.
gonozooid [6368] : c th sinh.
ng vt dng Ru (Bryozoa) thuc nhm
Mi hp (Stenolaemata), mt c th ng vt
c bin i thnh mt bung p phi.
goongarrite [6369] : gungarit.
X: heyrovskite.
gooseereckite [6370] : guseereckit.
Khong vt thuc h zeolit:
CaAl2Si6O16.10H2O.
gorccixite [6371] : gorcixit.
Khong vt mu nu:
270
 BaAl3(PO4)2 (OH)5.H2O.
gordonite [6372] : gordonit.
Khong vt khng mu:
MgAl2 (PO4)2 (OH)2.8H2O.
gorge [6373] : hm ni, o, rnh mng.
Thung lng su, hp, c vch dng nh
dng ng v c bao quanh bi cc dy ni;
thng thng nh hn canhon.
gorgeyite [6374] : gorgeyit.
Khong vt: K2Ca5(SO4)6.H2O.
gormanite [6375] : gormanit.
Khong vt cha Fe+2 tng t vi suzalit:
+2
Fe 3 Al4(PO4)4(OH)6.2H2O.
gortdrumite [6376] : gortdrumit.
Khong vt: (Cu,Fe)6 Hg2 S5.
goslarite [6377] : goslarit.
Khong vt mu trng: ZnSO4.7H2O, c
to thnh do oxy ha sphalerit v thng c
dng khi. n: white vitriol; zine vitriol; white
copperas.
gthite [6378] : goetit.
X: goethite.
Gothlandian [6379] : Gothlandi.
n: Gotlandian.
Gotlandian [6380] : Gotlandi.
Tn gi ca Silur (c bit l Silur mun)
chu u.
gotzenite [6381] : gotzenit.
Khong vt: (Ca, Na)3 Ti Si2O7 (F, OH)2.
gouge [6382] : gouge.
1- St dng lp mng dnh trn mt khe nt
hoc trn mt dch chuyn.
2- St mch, sn phm c ngun gc kin
to, lp y cc khe nt, i ph hy, dp v,
do gc b c nt to nn.
gowerite [6383] : gowerit.
Khong vt h n nghing: CaB6O10 .5H2O.
goyazite [6384] : goyazit.
Khong vt mu trng-vng nht:
SrAl3(PO4)2(OH)5.H2O. n: hamlinit.
goz [6385] : goz.
Thut ng c s dng Sung ch
cc tch t ct c dng ko di, hi dc, dng
n, dy thay i t vi ximet n hng
chc mt.
gradation [6386] : phn cp.
T l hm lng vt liu ca mi c ht,
hoc s phn b tn s ca cc c ht khc
nhau to nn loi vt liu c trng nh t,
trm tch, hay trm tch. Ranh gii ca mi
cp ht l tu chn.
grade [6387] : cn bng; cp, cp ht;
nghing.
1-(m) iu kin cn bng t c ca
sng ngi, gia qu trnh xm thc v qu trnh
lng ng trm tch.
2-(trt) Kch thc ht ring bit, gii hn
ht, hay cp ht ca t, trm tch hoc .
Mt n v ht, nh "cp ht st", "cp ht
bt", "cp ht ct", "cp ht cui", v.v.
3-(cctr) i khi c s dng ng ngha
nh nghing (gradient); Lm phng t p
xy dng ng.
grade distribution [6388] : phn b ht.
ng cong phn b thnh phn (%) c ht
ca mt loi t (). X: gradation.
graded [6389] : san bng, thoi, phn
bc; phn cp.
1- (m) B mt hoc c im khi m s h
thp a hnh v s bi t khng xy ra hoc
khi qu trnh xm thc v qu trnh trm tch
c cn bng, do dc chung c duy tr.
2- (trt) Thut ng a cht dng ch mt
trm tch cha cc ht c kch thc ng u
hoc cc ht c kch thc trong phm vi mt
cp ht. n: sorted.
graded bed [6390] : lp ht phn cp.
Mt lp trm tch, thng l mng, l r
tnh phn cp ht, thng c s tip xc t
bin vi vt liu mn ca lp nm di, nhng
li c s phn cp dn v pha trn. V d ct
hay bt ht ln phn cp dn v pha trn thnh
vt liu st.
graded bedding [6391] : phn lp cp ht.
Mt kiu phn lp trong mi lp l r s
thay i cp kch thc ht, thng t cp ht
th phn thp ti cp ht nh phn trn
ca lp.
graded shoreline [6392] : ng b bin phn
bc, ng b n iu.
ng b bin thng hoc n iu do s
thnh to cc bi rn chc qua vnh bin v
b cc mi t phn ct. Qu trnh rng m trc
din cc b mt c iu chnh v nghing
nn nng lng ca sng bin hon ton b
trit tiu v s dch chuyn ng b b gim
ti t l nh nht; ng b bin c trc din
cn bng thng ng.
graded slope [6393] : sn phn bc.
Sn ca mt con sng phn bc hoc
sn dc c phn bc.
graded stream [6394] : sng ngi phn bc.
1- Sng ngi trng thi cn bng gia kh
nng vn chuyn v khi lng vt liu cung
cp cho n, gia s h thp v s lng ng
trm tch.
2- Sng ngi khng c thc (nc) v
ghnh.
graded unconformity [6395] : khng chnh
271
hp "gi".
X: blended unconformity.
gradient [6396] : dc, nghing, gradient
1- Mc nghing, mc dc ca sn.
2- S bin i cc gi tr ca cc trng a
vt l trong khng gian 3 chiu hoc 2 chiu,
v d trng t, trng lc, v.v.
grading [6397] : qu trnh thoi dn, qu trnh
gim dc.
1- S h thp (hay suy thoi t) cao n
mt bng hay nghing cn bng nh qu
trnh xm thc ti mc c s do sng t c.
2- Phn loi thnh phn ht t, cu to t l
phn trm thnh phn ht t.
grading curve [6398] : ng cong thoi.
ng cong phn phi thnh phn ht t,
ng cong phn phi kch thc ht t.
X: grain size distribution curve.
grading factor [6399] : ch s chn lc.
graemite [6400] : graemit.
Khong vt h thoi: Cu TeO3 .H2O.
graftonite [6401] : graftonit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu hng tht
c hi: (Fe, Mn, Ca)3 (PO4)2.
grail [6402] : ht th.
Cc ht trm tch kch thc ln hoc trung
bnh, c bit l si hay ct.
grain [6403] : ht, grain.
1- Ht khong vt hoc c kch thc
nh hn mt mnh vn, c ng knh di vi
milimet v thng khng c cc mt tinh th
hon chnh.
2- n v o trng lng ca Hoa K, Anh.
1grain (gr) = 64,8mg. Grain thng c dng
biu th cng ca nc bng n v gr
CaCO3trn 1 gallon (gal) nc. 1gr/gal =
17,12mg/l (M) hay 14,25mg/l (Anh).
grain density [6404] : t trng ht.
Trng lng ring ca cc ht to nn mt
trm tch hoc trm tch.
grain micrite ratio [6405] : t l ht/nn; t
s ht bn.
T s biu th t l tng i gia cc ht
c kch thc ln vi ht c kch thc nh
trong trm tch carbonat. N c xc nh
t tng hm lng ca cc ht (ht vn, ht
khung xng, cc th vn cc, vn ni bn,
trng c, ht khong vt) chia cho hm lng
ca phn vi tinh (bn vi). Loi tr cc yu t
hnh thnh sau qu trnh to nh xi mng, l
hng, khe nt, phn ti kt tinh ca . Vit
tt: GMR.
grain pollen [6406] : ht phn hoa.
grain size [6407] : kch thc ht, ht, c
ht, thnh phn ht ca t, .
n: particle size; granularity.
grain size analysis [6408] : phn tch kch
thc ht t; phn tch ht.
Phn tch kch thc ht t, phn tch
thnh phn ht t, th nghim phn tch thnh
phn ht. X: particle-size analysis.
grain size distribution curve [6409] : ng
cong phn phi thnh phn ht t, th biu
din kt qu th nghim phn tch thnh phn
ht t.
X: particle size ditribution curve.
grain supported [6410] : ht nn
Loi trm tch carbonat cha rt t hoc
khng cha nn bn, trong cc ht c ct
giu n mc chng c th tip xc vi nhau
theo c ba chiu kch thc ca chng.
grainstone [6411] : kt ht.
Thut ng do Dunham (1962) xut, dng
ch loi trm tch carbonat kt ht, hu
nh khng cha bn (di 1% vt liu c kch
thc nh hn 20 micron).
gramaldite [6412] : gramaldit.
Khong vt h tm phng: CrO(OH) a
hnh vi bracewelit v gyuanait.
grametric analysis [6413] : phn tch
trng lc.
Phn tch nh lng cc cht khc nhau
trong hp cht bng cnh o trng lng.
Grand Canyon [6414] : vc ln, Grand
canyon.
Thng a phng ca Protezozoi
Arizona.
grandidierite [6415] : grandidierit.
Khong vt: (Mg, Fe)Al3(BO4) (SiO4)O.
granide [6416] : granid.
T ng ngha ca granit (granitic rock)
c Johannsen dng (nm 1939) ch nhng
xm nhp cha feldspar v thch anh c
biotit hoc hornblend ht trung bnh n th,
sng mu.
granite [6417] : granit.
1- Trong phn loi ca IUGS, l loi xm
nhp vi Q gia 20 v 60, P/(A+P) gia 10
v 65.
2- L loi xm nhp trong thch anh
dao ng t 10 n 50% thnh phn ca felsic
v t s gia feldspar kim vi tng feldspar
dao ng trong khong t 65-90%. Nhng
c s thay i v thnh phn trong khong
cng c xp vo loi ny nh: adamelit,
monzonit thch anh rt ph bin Hoa K.
3- p dng rng hn cho nhng xm
nhp ton tinh c cha thch anh. n: granitic
rock ( granit). Gc t ting Latinh granum
272
ngha l grain (ht).
granite gneiss [6418] : gneis granit.
L loi gneis hnh thnh t magma hoc
trm tch c thnh phn khong vt nh granit.
granite pebble conglomerate [6419] : cui
arkos.
Loi cui kt c thnh phn to l arkos.
granite porphyry [6420] : granit porphyr.
Loi su va, phn bit vi porphyr
thch anh bi s c mt ri rc ca cc ban
tinh mica, amphibol hoc pyroxen trn nn ht
trung bnh n nh.
granite series [6421] : lot granit.
L mt loi sn phm lin tc c to ra
do nng chy v, sm nht l nhng sn phm
su, ng kin to, tip n l granodiorit v
sn phm mun hn, nng hn, sau kin to
cha nhiu K hn.
granite tectonics [6422] : kin to granit.
Nghin cu cc yu t cu trc nh phn
phin, khe nt, t gy trong cc khi xm
nhp t xc lp tnh cht ca chuyn
ng lin quan vi chng.
granite wash [6423] : ph sa granit.
Vt liu b bo mn t cc khi granit v
c ti trm tch thnh loi c thnh phn
c bn ging nh cc thnh phn chnh ca
gc, v d nh arkos c cha nhng mnh
vn granit.
granitic layer [6424] : lp granit.
c t tn theo thnh phn. Mt lp i
khi c gi l lp granit nu nh sng a
chn truyn qua vi vn tc khong 60km/s m
c th cha bit r v thnh phn ca n.
Ngn: basaltic layer (lp basalt). n: sial.
granitic rock [6425] : granit.
Thut ng lng lo p dng cho cc xm
nhp kt tinh ht th sng mu c thch anh,
feldspar v cc khong vt mafic.
n: granite; granitoid; granide.
granitification [6426] : granitization
(granit ha).
granitization [6427] : granit ha.
Qu trnh bin cht bin cc khc thnh
granit. Mt s tc gi cho rng tt c granit
c hnh thnh t trm tch ti nng chy,
gy ra bi s vn ng ca v Tri t.
granitizer [6428] : ngi theo thuyt
granit ha.
n: transformist; antimagmatist.
granitogene [6429] : ngun granit.
Mt loi trm tch c thnh phn l cc
mnh vn granit.
granoblastic [6430] : ht bin tinh.
1- Kiu kin trc ng bin tinh
(homeoblastic) ca bin cht khng phn
phin, trong qu trnh ti kt tinh thnh to
nn nhng tinh th ng thc c ranh gii
r rt.
2- Kin trc th sinh lin quan vi qu trnh
to bi c qu trnh kt tinh v ti kt tinh
u trong trng thi rn, trong cc ht c
kch thc ng u. Thut ng ny khng cn
thng dng bi v to (diagenesis) khng
phi l mt qu trnh bin cht.
granodiorite [6431] : granodiorit.
1- Trong phn loi ca IUGS, l xm
nhp vi Q gia 20 v 60, P/(A+P) gia 65 v
90.
2- L xm nhp kt tinh ht th, c thnh
phn trung gian gia diorit thch anh v
monzonit thch anh (cch gi Hoa K); gm
c thch anh, plagioclas (oligoclas hoc
andesin) v feldspar kali, vi biotit, hornblen,
him hn l pyroxen; chng l nhng xm
nhp c thnh phn xp x nh ryodacit. T s
gia plagioclas vi tng feldspar ti thiu l 2
n 1 nhng t hn 9 n 10. Nu t feldspar
kim hn th xp vo diorit thch anh, nhiu
feldspar kim th xp vo granit hoc monzonit
thch anh. Thut ng s dng cho tt c cc
c thnh phn nm gia granit v diorit. Thut
ng c ngha rng l diorit c c tnh
granit vi s c mt ca thch anh v mt s
lng feldspar kim.
granogabbro [6432] : granogabro.
L gabro cha thch anh v feldspar kim
ging granodiorit nhng c plagioclas nhiu
Ca hn so vi An50. Khng nn dng thut
ng ny.
granophyre [6433] : granophyr.
1- Mc ven thch anh v feldspar kali (quan
st thy di knh).
2- Thut ng ch phun tro c trng
bi nn ton tinh vi vn ch hoc granit ht
nh c kin trc vi vn ch.
n: pegmatophyre.
3- Thut ng dng ch loi porphyrit
c thnh phn granit c trng bi nn ht
kt tinh.
granophyric [6434] : granophyre.
Ch mt loi kin trc ca magma.
granosyenit [6435] : granosyenit.
Thut ng c dng ph bin trong ti liu
Nga cho magma xm nhp c thnh phn
trung gian gia granit v syenit.
grantsite [6436] : grantsit.
Khong vt mu xanh oliu n mu en-
xanh nht: Na4 Cax V+42x V+512-2x O32 .8H2O.
273
granular [6437] : c ht, c mu nh (cs).
1- t dng ht c c tnh ca ct, khng
dnh. X: sand.
2- (cs) c bao ph bng nhng ht rt
nh hoc c nhiu mu nh, v d "kiu c
ht" t im vch cc ht bo t phn hoa
hoc "vch c ht trong sut" i din cho
phn phin mng thng l ca v Trng l
gm nhng ht calcit nh, cch u, khc
hng nhau v nhn thy c. Gia nicon bt
cho l mt m nhng m mu nh xu.
granular cementation [6438] : xi mng
ha ht.
Vt liu xi mng c tch t ho hc t
dung dch vo b mt cc khong trng gia
nhng ht vn, to nn vt liu kt tinh pht
trin v pha ngoi gn cht trn b mt
(Bathurst, 1958). V d nh s pht trin ca
calcit trong cc l hng ca ct cha kt gn.
granular chert [6439] : silic ha ht; silic
kt tinh.
Loi silic c st, ng nht, c thnh
phn l cc ht r rng, kch thc tng i
ng u. C khi cn xut hin dng ng.
n: crystalline chert.
granular disintegration [6440] : phn hy
ht, phn r ht.
Mt kiu phong ha theo cc ht b phn
r t mt khi , cc ht phn tch vi nhau
dc theo tip xc nguyn thu ca chng, to
nn cc mnh vn khong vt. Mi ht t nhiu
c hnh dng v kch thc ging nh trong
m. Hin tng ny thng xy ra i vi cc
ht th (nh granit, gneis, ct kt v cui
kt) nhng vng c nhit cao. n: mineral
disintegration; granular exfoliation.
granularity [6441] : ht.
Yu t kin trc ca loi kt tinh, bao
hm c kch thc ht v c im phn b ca
cc cp ht.
granulation [6442] : nghin, phn tch, to
nn cc ht nh.
granule [6443] : si; ht nh, mu nh (cs).
1- Mnh ln hn c ht ct th nhng
nh hn c cui, c ng knh thay i trong
khong t 2 n 4mm, t nhiu b mi trn
trong qu trnh vn chuyn.
2- (cs) Mt yu t ca b xng nh, t
nhiu c hnh cu, trn b mt ca xng cc
c th ph ngnh Sao bin (Asterozoa), thng
trong mt hc hoc phn b trong v
bc ngoi.
granule gravel [6444] : si cha sn.
Loi trm tch cha kt gn c thnh phn
ch yu l granules.
granulite [6445] : granulit.
1- bin cht gm nhng ht khong vt
kch thc kh ng u, an xen nhau c tnh
nh hng r. dng ht th, hnh thnh
trong iu kin nhit p sut cao ca tng
granulit, c cu trc gneis ngha l c s sp
xp song song ca tp hp ht thach anh hoc
feldspar. Kin trc in hnh l ht bin tinh.
2- trm tch to thnh bi tp hp dng
ht ct khng phn lp, c cc mnh vn cn
gi c kin trc phn lp nguyn thy. V d
hnh thnh t vn ni la hoc ht trng c.
n: granulyte.
granulite facies [6446] : tng granulit.
Tp hp ca cc t hp khong vt bin
cht, trong cc basic c cha diopsit +
hypersthen + plagioclas v mt t amphibol.
Almandin c trng cho basic v pelit. T
hp pelit c thnh phn silimanit hoc kyanit
vi feldspar perthit v almandin, thng cn c
c cordierit, khng c muscovit, biotit c mt
vi s lng t. Tng granulit c trng cho
bin cht nhit ng khu vc su nhit
khong 650oC.
granulitic [6447] : granulit.
1- Ch kin trc ban bin tinh ca bin
cht, cu to mnh vn do va p, nghin nt.
2- Cu to ca trm tch c cha cc
mnh vn, ht do va p.
granulitization [6448] : granulit ha.
Trong bin cht khu vc, tng b phn ca
gc b ph v, v d nh gneis bin thnh
dng ht. L mt qu trnh pht trin mnh m
ca mylonit.
granuloblastic [6449] : kin trc ht bin tinh
ca bin cht.
granulometric [6450] : phn phi ht t.
granulometric facies [6451] : tng phn cp
ht trm tch.
Thut ng cp n cc ng cong tch
lu na logarit biu din kt qu phn tch
ht ca trm tch. Ty theo hnh dng ca
cc ng cong ny m chia ra "ng
parabol", "ng logarit", "ng hyperbol",
"ng thng".
granulometry [6452] : o kch thc ht;
phn tch ht.
Php o c cc ht trm tch, c bit l o
kch thc ht.
granulose [6453] : c b mt dng ht (cs).
C b mt x x v t im ht. V d, c
nhng ht rt nh trn v ca mt vi Trng l
(Foraminifera) hoc trn bao ngoi hay trn
vch y ca mt s San h.
Granville [6454] : Granville.
274
 Thng a phng ca cc Tin Cambri
Canada v New York.
grapestone [6455] : vn.
Thut ng s dng ch mt tp hp cc
th vn cc vi hay cc loi ht khc, thng
c kch thc c ct hp to vi nhau do s
gn kt ban u ngay sau khi tch t. Thng
xut hin trong mi trng carbonat hin i.
graphic [6456] : vn ch (th); th,
ha (tc).
(th) Kin trc vn ch ca magma, l kt
qu ca s mc xen u n ca cc tinh th
thch anh v feldspar. Thch anh thng chim
khong trng dng tam gic, to nn cc vch
dng ch c trn nn feldspar. C cc khong
vt khc mc xen tng t, th d ilmenit-
pyroxen, nhng t thy hn. n: runic.
graphic granite [6457] : granit vn ch.
Loi pegmatit c trng bi s mc xen ca
thch anh v feldspar kim. n: Hebraic
granite; runite.
graphic intergrowth [6458] : mc xen
vn ch.
S mc xen ca cc tinh th, ph bin l
feldspar v thch anh, to nn kiu kin trc
khm (poikilitic), trong cc tinh th ln hn
c dng hnh hc kh u n, nh hng
trng ging nh vn ch c.
graphical presentation of geological data
[6459] : phng php biu din s liu a cht
bng th
graphite [6460] : graphit.
Khong vt h su phng (C), dng kt
tinh t nhin ca carbon lng hnh vi kim
cng; khng thu quang, bng, trn tay v c
mu en st n xm thp. Thng c dng
tinh th, tm mng, phin, ht trong cc mch
hoc khi, lp, ph bin trong bin cht.
Graphit dn in tt, mm, khng dnh, khng
b tc dng ca nhiu loi acid, chu nhit.
Graphit c dng trong k ngh bt ch, sn,
ni luyn kim, du bi trn v in cc, cht
iu tit notron trong phn ng ht nhn.
n: plumbago; black lead.
graphitic [6461] : graphit.
(tt) Lin quan, cha, c ngun gc hoc
ging graphit, th d " graphit".
graphitite [6462] : graphitit.
Mt loi shungit hoc mt kiu graphit.
graphitization [6463] : graphit ha.
S thnh to graphit t vt cht hu c.
graphitoid [6464] : graphitoid.
1- Dt- Loi shungit sinh ra trong n
Bunsen (n kh phng th nghim), l loi
graphit n gin, nhim bn - graphit thin
thch.
2- Tt: ging, tng t graphit.
graphocite [6465] : graphocit.
Sn phm cui ca bin cht than, c th so
snh vi meta-anthracit, thnh to ch yu t
carbon graphit.
graptolite [6466] : Bt (Graptolithina).
Sinh vt qun th bin thuc mt lp, c
xp mt cch khc nhau, hoc vo ngnh Rut
khoang, hoc vo ngnh Bn dy sng, c
trng bng mt khung xng ngoi thnh phn
hu c hnh chn hay hnh ng, sp xp vi cc
c th khc dc theo mt hay nhiu nhnh
qun th hnh thnh mt qun th cnh. Bt
thng gp trong phin en tui t
Cambri gia n Carbon.
graptolitic facies [6467] : tng Bt .
Thut ng c dng cho mt tng a
mng cha nhiu Bt .
graptoloid [6468] : dng Bt
(Graptoloidea)
Bt thuc mt b c trng bng kiu
sng tri ni hoc gi tri ni, v bng mt
qun th gm mt vi nhnh ch c mt loi
l loi t khoang (autotheca). Tui Ordovic
sm n Devon sm.
gratonite [6469] : gratonit.
Khong vt h thoi: Pb9As4S15.
grauwacke [6470] : grauwack.
n: graywacke.
gravel [6471] : cui si.
1- Nhng mnh trn cnh, tch t li
trong t nhin do kt qu ca hin tng xi
mn, bao gm ch yu l nhng ht ln hn
ht ct (ng knh trn 2mm, hoc 1/12 in.).
n: boulders; cobbles; pebbles; granules; tp
hp ca nhng mnh ; cui kt ri. Anh,
ngi ta xp nhng vin c ng knh 2-
10mm vo loi ny.
2- Thut ng thng dng ch s tch t
ri rc nhng mnh , nh trm tch vn
sng sui hoc ven h, ven bin, hnh thnh
nhng hn trn cnh, ln trong ct, chim
khong 50-70% ton khi.
3- Thut ng th nhng ch cc hn
hoc khong vt c ng knh 2-20mm. Thut
ng ny tng t nh pebble. Anh dng
ch nhng vin c ng knh 2-50mm. Hoa
K ch cc hn hoc khong vt c ng
knh 2-75mm (1/6-3 in.). Trc y ch
nhng mnh c ng knh 1-2mm.
4- Thut ng cng trnh ch nhng hn trn
cnh c ng knh t 4,76mm (b gi li trn
275
ry tiu chun s 4 ca Hoa K) n 76mm
(3in.). X: coarse gravel.
5- Mt tng cui si.
6- Thut ng c ch ct.
7- Ch cui si ni la (volcanic gravel).
gravel bar [6472] : di cui, di si.
gravel deposit [6473] : tch t si.
Thut ng c dng trong a cht kinh t
ch cc lp bi tch c thnh phn ch yu
l si (gravel), nhng thng bao hm c ct v
st. Si v ct c th s dng lm vt liu xy
dng, hoc trc tip dng san lp, hoc lm
cc hp phn trong b tng.
gravel pit [6474] : h o kho st, khai thc
cui si.
gravelly mud [6475] : bn cha si; bn cui,
si, bn si.
1- Loi trm tch b ri cha 5-30% si v
c t l ct/bn (bt + st) di 1/1.
2- Trm tch b ri gm 5-30% cui si v
bn hoc ct (bn + st) chim t l di 1/1.
gravelly sand [6476] : ct cha si.
1- Loi trm tch b ri cha 5-30% si v
c t l ct/bn (bt+st) ln hn 9/1.
2- Loi trm tch b ri c hm lng thnh
phn cc ht ct ln hn cc ht kch thc si,
hn 10% l si, v di 10% l cc ht c kch
thc nh hn c ct.
gravelly soil [6477] : t cha si.
Loi t cha mt hm lng si ng k,
thng chim 35-60% th tch, s cn li l vt
liu t mn.
gravelstone [6478] : si kt.
1- Mnh vn trn cnh hoc thnh phn
ca si.
2- Si gn kt; mt kiu cui kt.
gravimeter [6479] : my o trng lc.
Cng c o s bin i ca trng trng
lc, ch yu bng cch ghi nhn s khc nhau
v trng lng ca mt loi vt cht bng my
trng lc khi di chuyn t im ny n im
khc trn mt t.
gravimetric crew [6480] : i o trng lc
gravimetry [6481] : php o trng lc, php
o t trng.
Php o trng lc hoc o gia tc trng
trng c s dng trong a vt l v trc
a.
gravitational constant [6482] : hng s
hp dn.
Hng s hp dn trong nh lut vn vt
hp dn, bng 6.670 0.005x10-11 Niutn
m2/kg2
gravitational field [6483] : trng trng.
Mt khu vc bao hm s phn b bt k ca
vt cht m n gy ra s gia tng lc hp dn.
gravitational method [6484] : phng php
trng lc.
Dng trong tm kim thm d cc vt th
a cht c mt khc nhau.
gravitational stresses [6485] : ng sut trng
trng.
ng sut trong t sinh ra t nhiu
ngun t nhin v nhn to khc nhau. Ngun
ph bin nht l ng sut trng trng. ng
sut trng trng tng dn theo chiu su cng
vi chiu dy v trng lng ca lp ph. C
chiu thng ng (hng v tm Tri t) v l
mt trong ba ng sut chnh tr khi c cc hot
ng kin to, hoc khi a hnh thay i lm
quay trng ng sut. Trong a s cc ng
dng cng trnh, ng sut theo chiu thng
ng hu nh ch c ngun gc trng trng.
Khi c th tnh c trc tip mt cch tin
cy bng cch nhn th trng ca vi chiu
su ca im ang xt. ng sut theo chiu
ngang mt phn cng l do trng lc gy ra v
t c xu hng phnh ra theo chiu ngang
nhng li b t xung quanh cn tr. Theo
l thuyt n hi, gi tr ng sut theo chiu
ngang c th tnh c trn c s hng s n
hi Poisson, tc t s gia phn n ra theo
chiu ngang v phn nn p li theo chiu
thng ng khi cht ti n trc mt mu
hnh tr. i vi hu ht cc loi , hng s
Poisson ch vo khong 0,1-0,25, tc l nh
hn 0,3, nn ng sut theo chiu nm ngang,
nu ch do mt mnh trng lc, ch bng
khong 1/3-1/4 ng sut theo chiu thng
ng. Ch su ln, c 5km hay hn, trong
iu kin nhit , p sut ln, ng t... ng
sut ca t mi gn n trng thi thy
tnh. Tuy nhin, gi tr ng sut theo chiu
nm ngang nh tnh ton trn thng nh hn
nhiu so vi thc t, thm ch ln gp vi ln
so vi ng sut theo chiu thng ng. Kiu
phn b ng sut trong cng nh vy khc
rt nhiu so vi t c kt bnh thng, vi t
s gia cc ng sut theo chiu nm
ngang/thng ng, cn gi l h s p lc t
trng thi ngh, gn nh khng i gn mt
t. Ni cch khc, trong cng su
khng ln, t s gia cc ng sut thnh phn
ni trn t c ngha v khng cho php c
tnh ng sut theo chiu ngang. Trong thc t,
cn phi o trc tip hoc ngoi suy t nhng
kt qu o gn . trm tch tr, mm yu
hn, nht l cc loi c th nm thoi, t b un
np, t gy cng nh xm thc, xi mn,
276
thng th hin xu hng trung gian gia t
v cng. Trc ng sut chnh cc i trong
chng c th gn nh thng ng.
gravitational water [6486] : nc trng lc.
Nc trong i bo ha, t do di chuyn
di tc ng ca trng lc.
gravitite [6487] : gravitit ( trng lc).
Mt lp gm cc mnh vn khng c
chn lc, hnh thnh do dng trm tch dn p
ch t cc lc hp dn. Khng c cu to phn
lp bn trong, cc ht sp xp ln xn.
gravity [6488] : trng lc.
Trng lng, sc ht, s hp dn. Theo nh
lut vn vt hp dn, lc tng tc ca vt th
ny n vt th khc do tc dng ca lc li tm
v hp dn.
gravity anomaly [6489] : d thng trng lc.
S chnh lch gi tr trng trng quan st
c v gi tr trng trng tnh theo l thuyt
ti im quan trc. N da trn m hnh trng
lc n gin, thng bin i theo gi thit v
s bin i mt ca lp di mt t v c v bn d thng Bughe hoc bn d
quan h vi a hnh mt t.
gravity dam [6490] : p trng lc.
p n nh bn vng bng chnh trng
lng bn thn.
gravity draw system [6491] : h thng thu hi
qung t chy.
gravity erosion [6492] : xi mn; xm thc do
trng lc.
gravity flow of caved ore [6493] : dng t
chy ca qung khai thc ra.
gravity fold [6494] : np un trng lc.
Np un trng lc c quan h ngun gc
vi chuyn ng ng tnh.
gravity formula [6495] : cng thc trng lc,
cng thc lc hp dn.
Cng thc tnh trng trng lc bnh thng
theo b mt elipsoit nh phng trnh ca v
a cu.
gravity gradient [6496] : gradien trng lc.
o hm ring ca gia tc trng trng trn
khong cch theo phng ring bit.
gravity prospecting [6497] : thm d
trng lc.
Xc nh c im trng trng lc ca t
bng cch o v lc trng trng trn mt
vng no bng my trng lc.
gravity reduction [6498] : cc php hiu
chnh trng lc.
c p dng hiu chnh cao (a
hnh), hiu chnh Bughe, hiu chnh ng tnh
cho cc s o trng lc.
gravity retaining wall [6499] : tng chn t
trng lc.
Tng chn t c thit k n nh,
bn vng bng chnh trng lng ca n.
gravity separation [6500] : tuyn trng lc.
Dng nc hoc khng kh phn tch cc
ht khong vt nh c s khc nhau v trng
lng ring gia chng.
gravity slope [6501] : sn trng lc.
Phn trn tng i dc ca sn i,
thng nm trn chiu ngh ca vt liu b xm
thc; thng dc hn sn ra trn.
gravity spring [6502] : mch nc trng lc.
Mch nc chy ra do tc ng ca trng
lc ti ni mc nc ngm nm ngang vi mt
t.
gravity survey [6503] : o v trng lc.
o v trng trng lc trn hng lot cc
im nhng v tr khc nhau. i tng o v
l cc c mt phn d. Thng thng
chnh lch ca trng trng lc gia hai im
c o bng my trng lc. S liu trng
trng o c sau khi x l s c dng
thng Fai.
gravity water [6504] : nc trng lc.
X: gravitational water.
gray mud [6505] : bn xm.
Mt loi bn c thnh phn trung gian gia
bn globigerina v st mu .
grayband [6506] :
Loi ct kt dng lt l ng; loi
trang lt.
grayite [6507] : grayit.
Khong vt dng bt mu vng:
(Th,Pb,Ca)PO4.H2O.
graywacke [6508] : graywack, ct kt
graywack.
Loi ct kt ht ln rn chc, mu xm
xm, chn lc km, c thnh phn l cc ht
vn feldspar v thch anh gc cnh hoc bn
trn cnh, vi nn bao gm cc mnh vn
khong vt v mnh vn sm mu ln vi
st. Nhn chung nn c thnh phn tng t
nh thnh phn ca lp, giu ilit, sericit, v
clorit. Ni chung, loi ny c thnh to
trong mt mi trng trong qu trnh bo
mn, vn chuyn, lng ng v vi lp xy ra
nhanh n mc qu trnh phong ho ho hc
khng xy ra hon ton c.
great divide [6509] : ng phn thy.
ng chia nc. ng phn chia cc
mng sng gia cc h thng sng sui chnh.
great earthquake [6510] : ng t mnh.
Trn ng t c cng ln hn 7,5 theo
thang Richt.
green algae [6511] : To lc (Chlorophyta).
277
 Mt nhm to thuc mt ngnh c c
trng l mu lc do mang cht dip lc, rt a
dng, t dng n bo hin vi n cc to bin
ln phc tp.
green beryl [6512] : beril mu xanh.
Thut ng dng ch loi qu beryl mu
xanh sng hoc xanh nht, phn bit vi
emerald mu xanh v aquamarin mu
xanh sng.
green chalcedony [6513] : chalcedon
mu xanh.
1- Chalcedon mu xanh nhn to.
2- n: chrysoprase. Mt loi chalcedon
cha Ni, c mu xanh to hoc xanh vng nht,
c gi tr nh qu.
green lead ore [6514] : qung ch mu xanh.
X: pyromorphite.
green mud [6515] : bn mu lc.
Mt loi bn m mu pht lc ca n l do
s c mt ca cc khong vt clorit hoc
glauconit.
greenalite [6516] : grenalit.
Khong vt mu xanh nht:
(Fe+2 Fe+3)5-6 Si4O10(OH)8, loi giu st ca
nhm serpentin, tinh th nh trong silic
thuc thnh h trm tch st. Dng b ngoi
grenalit ging glauconit, nhng thnh phn ca
grenalit khng cha kali. Cu trc tinh th ca
grenalit c trng bi s iu bin t lp khi
t din n khi t din o.
greenhouse effect [6517] : hiu ng nh knh
(hiu ng nh xanh, hiu ng lng knh).
Hin tng nung nng bu kh quyn Tri
t ging nh s gi nhit cho khng kh trn
nhng khu t c lp knh trng rau xanh
nhng x lnh. Hin tng xy ra nh sau:
Trong iu kin bnh thng, kh quyn bao
quanh Tri t c cha mt hm lng nht
nh CO2 cn thit cho s pht trin ca thc
vt. Bc x Mt tri c bc sng ngn d
dng xuyn qua lp kh CO2 ny, cung cp
nhit cho kh quyn. Khi t ti mt t, mt
phn nhit lng pht tn tr li v tr bng
bc x nhit, khin cho nhit kh quyn
lun iu ha. Nhng ngy nay, cng vi
nhng hot ng cng nghip hin i, lng
kh CO2 thi vo khng trung ngy cng gia
tng, to nn mt "mn knh" dy tn ti ch
yu trong tng i lu. Bc x nhit t mt t
l loi bc x sng di, rt kh thot qua lp
chn ny nn b gi li, hu qu l kh quyn
b nung nng, nh hng ln ti cn bng mi
trng sinh thi trn Tri t. Ngoi CO2, mt
s loi kh khc cng c tc dng gy hiu ng
nh knh nh NOx, CH4, CFC, v.v. V vy, ngy
nay c nhng iu lut quc gia hay quc t
nghim cm hoc buc gim thiu s pht thi
kh nh knh.
Greenland spar [6518] : spar Bng o, calcit
Bng o (Greenland).
X: cryolite.
greenlandite [6519] : greenlandit.
X: columbite.
greenockite [6520] : greenockit.
Khong vt h su phng mu vng: CdS,
lng hnh vi hawleyit, thng dng khm
hoc dng v ngoi ca sphalerit v ca qung
km. n: cadmium blende; cadmium ocher;
xanthochroite.
greensand [6521] : ct mu lc.
Loi ct c mu pht lc, c bit l loi
trm tch bin b ri cha mt hm lng ng
k cc ht glauconit mu pht lc, thng pha
trn vi st hoc ct (thch anh c th l thnh
phn chnh). n: glauconit sand.
greensand marl [6522] : st vi cha ct lc.
Loi st vi c cha cc ht ct glauconit.
greenschist [6523] : dip thch hc, phin lc.
bin cht dng phin c mu lc do s
c mt ca chlorit, epidot, actinolit. Ss:
greenstone.
greenschist facies [6524] : tng dip thch
lc, tng phin lc.
Tp hp cc t hp khong vt bin cht
(tng), trong cc basic cha albit +
epidot + chlorit + actinolit (Eskola, 1939).
Chlorit, mica trng, biotit v chloritoid l
nhng khong vt c trng trong pelit.
Tng phin lc c nhng sn phm c trng
cho bin cht khu vc mc thp. Nhit t
300-500oC. Phn bit vi tng prehnit-
pumpelyit bi s vng mt ca prehnit v
pumpelyit, v vi tng zeolit bi s vng mt
ca cc khong vt nhm zeolit v vi tng
phin xanh (blueschist facies) bi s vng mt
ca amphibol Na, omphacit, jadeit, lawsonit v
aragonit.
greenstone [6525] : xanh.
1- (kv): Nephrit; Tn khng chnh thc
ch qu mu xanh nh fuchit hoc
chiastolit.
2- Thut ng theo ngha rng ch magma
basic b bin cht, rn chc c mu lc m (v
d spilit, basalt, gabro, diabas); Mu lc do s
c mt ca chlorit, actinolit hoc epidot;
bn c chamosit rn chc khng c trng c
xen vi nhng lp qung st trng c thy
trong tng Jura di Anh.
gregoryite [6526] : gregoryit.
Khong vt: (Na, K, Ca) CO3, c cu trc
278
ln xn.
greigite [6527] : greigit.
Khong vt: Fe3S4 mu sm c cu trc nh
spinel. n: melnikovite.
greisen [6528] : greisen.
granit v cc khong vt giu
alumosilicat, b bin i khi ha nhit dch, c
thnh phn ph bin l thch anh, mica v
topaz. Mica l muscovit hoc lepidolit. Khong
vt ph c tourmalin, fluorit, rutil, casiterit v
wolramit.
greisenization [6529] : greisen ha.
Qu trnh bin i kh ha nhit dch cc
vy quanh giu alumosilicat (granit, riolit, v.v.)
trong feldspar, mica bin thnh tp hp
thch anh, topaz, tourmalin v lepidolit
(greisen) bi tc dng ca hi nc c cha
flo. n: greisenisation, greisening.
grenatite [6530] : grenatit.
X: staurolite; leucite.
greywacke [6531] : graywack.
grid [6532] : mng li.
Mng li gm cc nt gi tr phn b theo
ch nht, c to t cc im o ri rc
phn b khng u v cc ng ng mc.
grid smoothing [6533] : li cc gi tr
lm trn.
Cc ng ng tr v trc tip t s liu
ban u thng khng trn, hay gy, gp khc.
cc ng ng tr trn u phi tin hnh
lm trn li v.
grid line [6534] : ng li.
ng thng cha cc nt ca li ch
nht.
grid method [6535] : phng php tnh gi tr
cc nt li grid.
Trong a cht, thng dng cc phng
php ni suy kriging, bnh phng khong
cch, spline, v.v.
grid residual [6536] : li gi tr d.
Mt trong nhng phng php tch trng,
thng dng trong x l s liu a cht.
Griesbachian [6537] : Griesbachi.
Bc chu u. Phn thp nht ca Trias
(nm trn Permi, nm di Dieneri).
Griffith crack theory [6538] : l thuyt v
khe nt Griffith.
Nm 1924, Griffith xut l thuyt v
khe nt ti hn gii thch ti sao knh li v
di ng sut thp hn nhiu so vi lc lin kt
phn t l thuyt. Sau , l thuyt ca Griffith
c m rng ra cho t , vi cc khe nt
Griffith ranh gii cc ht trong ni la,
dng l rng trong trm tch v dng khe
nt trong cc tinh th. Khe nt Griffith hot
ng nh mt ni tp trung ng sut. Ti u
mt ca chng, ng sut c th cao hn rt
nhiu so vi trung bnh i vi ton b mu, v
thng l ng sut ko mc d ng sut trung
bnh i vi ton b mu c th l nn p.
Thng thng, cc khe nt chu tc ng ca
ng sut n trc vung gc l xung yu nht,
nhng trong iu kin nn p, cc khe nt nm
nghing li tp trung ng sut ko ln nht ti
u mt ca chng. V th, khi ng sut n
trc tc dng ln mu vt tng ln, mt khe nt
nm nghing li l khe nt u tin lan rng ra.
Trong th nghim nn n trc, hng lan rng
ca khe nt lc u to vi khe nt mt gc
khong 70, sau gim dn, tin dn ti song
song vi hng cht ti, lm cho mu vt n ra
mt cch nhanh chng. Trong mu vt chu
nn p a trc, cc khe nt s c xu hng pht
trin theo ng cong tin dn ti song song
vi trc ng sut chnh cc i v vung gc
vi trc ng sut chnh cc tiu. Tng khe nt
sau mt thi gian pht trin n mt mc
ti hn s tin ti n nh. Khi , ng sut s
chuyn sang tp trung cc khe nt bn cnh
v nhng khe nt ny li tip tc pht trin.
Sau mt thi gian, nhng khe nt ny s kt
ni vi nhau dng bc thang cho n khi gy
v xy ra. Cc khe nt pht trin rng khp
trong mu lm sc bn gim dn trong khi th
tch mu n ra. Qu trnh pht trin ca khe
nt gy ra nhng vi chn ng hay bc x sng
m c th pht hin c bng cc tai t
gn ln mu vt.
Griffith cracks [6539] : khe nt Griffith.
Griffith criterion and extension [6540] : tiu
chun sc bn Griffith v bin dng ko.
griffithite [6541] : grifithit.
Khong vt st giu st ca nhm
monmorilonit, c bit loi saponit cha st
ha tr 2, quan h vi nontronit.
grimaldite [6542] : grimaldit.
Khong vt a hnh vi guyanait v
bracewelit: CrO(OH).
grimselite [6543] : grimselit.
Khong vt h su phng mu vng:
K3 Na(UO2) (CO3) 3H2O.
grinding [6544] : qu trnh nghin vn.
Qu trnh xm thc, trong cc mnh
b mi mn, b nghin vn, b sc hn do hiu
ng ma st tip xc lin tc v do p lc ca
cc mnh to hn gy ra.
griphite [6545] : griphit
Khong vt:
(Na, Al, Ca, Fe)6 Mn4 (PO4)5 (OH)4, cu
trc tinh th quan h vi granat.
279
grischunite [6546] : grischunit.
Khong vt: (Ca, Na) (Mn+2 Fe+3)2 (AsO4)2.
grit [6547] : sn.
1- Mt loi ct kt ht th, nht l loi c
thnh phn l cc mnh vn gc cnh, v d
nh dm kt cha cc mnh vn c kch thc
t 2 n 4mm.
2- Mt loi ct hoc ct kt c thnh phn
l cc ht dng gc cnh, kch thc c th t
th n nh.
gritstone [6548] : sn kt, sn.
Mt loi ct kt ht th, rn chc, giu silic.
Mt s c th dng lm mi.
groove [6549] : groove.
Loi trng hp ko di c su v mt ct
ngang hu nh ng u, nm trn b mt mt
loi trm tch.
groove lake [6550] : h khe rnh.
H chim c (hay thnh to) cc khe rnh
ln ngun gc sng bng.
groove spine [6551] : gai rnh.
Mt m hoc mt dy nhng gai ngn,
cn, thng nm nghing, vin ly nhng rnh
chn mt nhiu phn lp Sao bin tay rng
(Asteroidea).
grooved upland [6552] : b mt vng t cao
b xi rnh, vng t cao b xi rnh.
B mt vng t cao hay vng thng du b
xi rnh, b phn ct bi cc mng xi v
khe nh .
grooving tool [6553] : thit b to rnh,
xai rnh.
Thit b th nghim c dng trong th
nghim xc nh trng thi gii hn ca t.
ground [6554] : t, t nn.
X: soil.
ground behaviour [6555] : hnh vi, phn ng
ca nn di tc ng ca ngoi lc.
n: ground reaction; ground response.
ground characteristic line [6556] : ng c
trng ca nn t, .
ng cong biu din hnh vi, phn ng
ca nn t, di tc ng ca ngoi lc.
Trn c s , c th xc nh c thi gian
lp dng v tr lc cn thit t c n
nh cn thit ca nn t, .
ground condition [6557] : iu kin, c im
nn t, .
ground control point [6558] : im kim tra
mt t.
nn chnh ta ca nh vin thm,
phi s dng cc im bit trc ta trn
mt t. im kim tra mt t l nhng im
c th thy trong nh v v tr tng ng ca n
trong thc t c xc nh chnh xc.
ground convergence [6559] : dch chuyn hi
t, hng tm ca t, .
Xung quanh hm, l khi o.
ground cracking [6560] : hin tng nt t.
S hnh thnh nhng khe nt trn mt t,
ch yu l trong cc thnh to t. Cc khe
nt c th ko di theo mt hay nhiu hng
khc nhau, dng ng thng, vng cung hay
khng c quy lut. Kch thc khe nt cng rt
khc nhau: chiu di t mt vi mt n hng
trm km; chiu rng t mt vi cm n mt vi
mt; chiu su t mt vi mt n hng chc
mt. Nguyn nhn thnh to khe nt c th do
cc yu t ni sinh (vn ng kin to, ng
t, v.v.) hoc ngoi sinh (s co ngt mt t
do hn hn, tho kh, dch chuyn khi trt,
v.v.). Nt t do ni sinh thng c quy m
ln, din phn b rng hn so vi nt t ngoi
sinh.
Vit Nam, hin tng nt t xy ra
ng bng Bc B, Ty Nguyn, min ng
Nam B v nhiu ni khc. Nt t tuy khng
gy tai ha khng khip bng ng t nhng
cng thng a n nhng thit hi ng k
nh rn nt tng nh, sp cng trnh, ct
t ng giao thng, ph v p, v.v.
ground heave [6561] : tri nn.
Phn ng tri ln ca nn t do vic
khai o gii phng ng sut theo chiu thng
ng.
ground improvement [6562] : ci thin nn
t .
Cc bin php gia c, ci thin tnh cht c
l ca t , tng cng kh nng chu ti
ca chng.
ground moraine [6563] : t bng tch.
1- S tch t hay lng ng st, tng ln to
thnh mt khu vc ln c a hnh thp, khng
c cc t gy ngang, dng tuyn.
2- Cc mnh c ko l (ko trt) bn
trong hoc bn di bng h.
ground moraine shoreline [6564] : ng b
bin c t bng tch.
ng b bin hay i dng khng u,
c thnh to ti ni cc khi bng ln di
chuyn v pha bin nh l kt qu ln chm.
ground movement [6565] : chuyn dch nn
t .
n: ground displacement.
ground reaction [6566] : phn ng ca nn
t .
X: ground response; ground behaviour.
ground rent [6567] : t t, a t, tin
thu t.
280
ground response [6568] : phn ng, hnh vi,
ng thi ca nn t .
X: ground behaviour.
ground settlement [6569] : ln, st
Hin tng mt t h thp cao i km
vi qu trnh c kt, lm cht dn ca t .
C th so snh vi ground subsidence, tuy
mc thp hn.
ground support interaction [6570] : tng
tc nn-tr lc.
T tng t: rock-support interaction.
ground surface motion due to blasting
[6571] : rung ng, chn ng, chuyn ng,
chuyn dch ca mt t do n mn.
ground treatment [6572] : x l t, x l
nn mng.
ground water [6573] : nc di t.
1- Phn nc nm di mt t trong i
bo ha, bao gm c cc dng chy ngm.
2- Ton b nc nm di mt t tt c
cc th hi (trong i khng kh), lng (trong
i bo ha), rn (trong t ng bng).
n: underground water; subsurface water;
subterranean water. Cn gi l: groundwater;
ground-water.
ground water artificial recharge [6574] : b
sung nhn to nc di t, np li nc di
t.
Vic s dng cc bin php k thut lm
tng tr lng nc di t bng cch cho
thm lc hoc bm p cc ngun nc t bn
ngoi (nc ma, sng sui, ao h, v.v.) vo
cc tng cha nc sn c hoc vo cc tng
t c kh nng tng tr nc trong lng
t. n: groundwater replenishment.
ground water balance [6575] : cn bng nc
di t.
Tng s s hc ca lng nc m mt tng
cha nc, mt vng hoc mt cu trc a
cht thy vn c cung cp v tiu thot trong
mt khong thi gian nht nh. Lng cung
cp gm: thm nc ma, nc mt; ngng t
hi m; nc di t t ni khc chy n,v.v.
Lng tiu thot gm: bc hi nc, thot ra
mch l v dng mt, chy i ni khc, v.v.
ground water barrier [6576] : tng chn
nc di t.
Bc tng c xy di t bng vt liu
khng thm nhm ngn chn dng chy ngm
t ngoi vo hm l, gy ng ngp hoc chng
li s xm nhp ca nc bn, nc mn vo
cng trnh khai thc nc, v.v.
n: ground water dam; barrage.
ground water basin [6577] : bn nc di
t, lu vc nc di t.
Cu trc a cht thy vn dng bn, phn
b trn phm vi rng, c ranh gii xc nh,
bao gm mt hay nhiu tng cha nc ngm
(khng p) hay nc p lc, c din tch b cp
v tiu thot tng i r.
n: hydrogeological basin.
ground water budget [6578] : kim k nc
di t.
S thng k lng nc chy vo, chy ra
v tnh tr lng trong mt tng cha nc.
ground water conditions [6579] : iu kin
(c im) nc ngm.
ground water contamination [6580] :
nhim (nhim bn) nc di t.
S xm nhp hay gia tng hm lng nhng
cht c hi hay nhng yu t bt li vt qu
gii hn cho php t bn ngoi vo ngun
nc, lm xu cht lng so vi trng thi
nguyn thy bnh thng ca n, khin ngun
nc khng p ng c tiu chun s dng.
n: groundwater pollution.
ground water depletion [6581] : cn kit
nc di t.
S suy gim tr lng nc di t do khai
thc vt qu mc b cp ca ngun nc, th
hin s gim lu lng v p lc, h thp
mc nc.
ground water discharge [6582] : lu lng
nc di t.
Lng nc chy ra t i bo ha nc
trong mt n v thi gian.
ground water divide [6583] : ng chia
nc, ng phn thy di t.
ng g (nh) cao nht ca mt nc
di t, t y nc chy v cc hng khc
nhau. X: ground-water ridge.
ground water equation [6584] : phng trnh
nc di t.
Phng trnh cn bng nc di t c
dng: R = E + S + I; trong R l lng ma;
E l lng bay hi v thot hi. S l lng
nc thot ra t lu vc ca dng chy mt; I
l lng nc cung cp cho nc di t.
ground water flow [6585] : dng nc ngm.
ground water geology [6586] : a cht nc
di t.
n: hydrogeology.
ground water hydrology [6587] : thy vn
hc nc di t.
n: geohydrology.
ground water increment [6588] : s b cp
nc di t.
n: recharge
281
ground water level [6589] : mc nc
di t.
n: water table.
ground water lowering [6590] : h mc nc
ngm, ht nc lm gim mc nc ngm.
n: dewatering; unwatering.
ground water mining [6591] : khai thc nc
di t qu mc.
Vic bm ht nc di t vi lu lng
vt qu kh nng cung cp ca tng cha
nc, lm cn kit ngun v h thp mc nc
qu thp khin cho vic khai thc km hiu
qu kinh t.
n: ground-water overexploitation.
ground water monitoring [6592] : quan trc
nc di t, quan trc ng thi nc
di t.
Vic quan trc (monitoring) s bin i v
lng (mc nc, p lc, lu lng, hng v
vn tc dng chy ngm, v.v.) cng nh v
cht (tnh cht vt l, thnh phn ha hc, tnh
trng v sinh) ca nc di t theo thi gian
(ngy m, thng, nm, ma, nhiu nm, v.v.)
v khng gian do nhng tc ng t nhin (thi
tit, kh hu, thy vn, nhp triu, chuyn ng
kin to, v.v.) cng nh nhn to (khai thc
nc, tho kh m, xy dng h cha, ti tiu
ci to t, b sung nhn to ngun nc, ph
rng, phng x cht thi, v.v.). Ti liu quan
trc c cc nh a cht thy vn chnh l
tng hp nh gi, d bo xu th pht trin ca
cc yu t ng thi nc di t, t
xut kin ngh v vic khai thc s dng hp
l, bo v ti nguyn nc di t, phng
trnh hoc hn ch nhng tc ng tiu cc
ca nc di t n mi trng (gy bn
ngp, ly ha t ai, gia tng cc qu trnh a
ng lc, lan truyn dch bnh, v.v.) v ngn
nga nhng hot ng nhn sinh nh hng
xu n nc di t (lm cn kit, nhim
ngun nc, v.v.).
ground water monitoring network [6593] :
mng li quan trc nc di t.
Mt h thng cc l khoan, ging o,
mch l, trm o nc mt, v.v. c b tr
thnh mt mng li thng nht v trang b cc
phng tin o c nhm mc ch theo di
ng thi nc di t. X: ground water
monitoring.
ground water mound [6594] : vm nc
di t.
Ch mc nc nng cao, c dng vm
(chm, nm) do c s b cp t trn xung
cha kp lan ta u trn ton tng cha nc.
n: water table mound.
ground water movement [6595] : vn ng
ca nc di t.
S di chuyn ca nc trong i bo ha do
nhng tc ng ca t nhin hay nhn to.
ground water pollution [6596] : nhim
(nhim bn) nc di t.
X: groundwater contamination.
ground water protection zones [6597] : i
bo v nc di t.
X: sanitary zone of water source protection.
ground water replenishment [6598] : np li
nc di t.
X: groundwater artificial recharge.
ground water reservoir [6599] : th cha
nc di t.
Thut ng ch chung cc loi t cha
nc, khng phn bit hnh dng phn b,
cu trc.
n: aquifer.
ground water ridge [6600] : g nc di t.
X: ground water divide.
ground water runoff [6601] : dng chy
ngm.
ground water storage [6602] : tch tr nc
di t.
1- Lng nc di t tch tr trong i
bo ha nc.
2- Lng nc di t c b cp nhn
to hay t nhin cho tng cha nc.
ground water surface [6603] : mt nc
di t.
n: ground water table.
ground water table [6604] : mt nc
di t.
ground water vulnerability (to
contamination) [6605] : nhy cm ca
nc di t (i vi s nhim).
X: aquifer vulnerability (to contamination).
ground water withdrawal [6606] : khai thc
nc di t, rt nc di t.
1- S ly nc t lng t ln s dng.
2- S tho nc di t chng ngp cho
cc cng trnh ngm (kho cha ngm, hm l
m, v.v.).
ground water zone [6607] : i nc di t
X: ground water reservoir.
groundmass [6608] : nn.
Thut ng i khi c s dng ch phn
nn ca trm tch.
group index [6609] : ch s nhm.
groutite [6610] : grutit.
Khong vt mu en huyn: HMnO2, a
hnh vi manganit v feiknechtit.
grovesite [6611] : grovesit.
282
 Khong vt: (Mn,Fe,Al)6(Al,Si)4O10(OH)8,
thuc nhm grovesit.
growth axis [6612] : trc tng trng.
ng tng tng to nn bi nh cc
phin mng rng n ln (cusp) v nhng
rng nh ca cc yu t Rng nn v thng
ni bt do s tp trung ca vt cht mu trng.
growth band [6613] : di tng trng.
ng tng trng th trn b mt v Thn
mm hai mnh.
growth framework porosity [6614] : mng
li l hng tng trng.
l hng nguyn sinh pht trin t cc
qu trnh hu c hoc v c trong khi hp th
carbonat pht trin ti ch. l hng ny
khng bao hm cc l hng gia cc c th
sinh vt v cc mnh vn ca .
growth habit [6615] : tp tnh tng trng.
Dng chung, hnh thi v cu trc bn trong
kh pht trin ca mt qun th Bryozoa v
mi lin quan ca chng vi nn (bm).
growth lamella [6616] : phin tng trng.
G dp ng tm v Tay cun do mp ca
o co rt tit ra.
growth line [6617] : ng tng trng.
Lot nhng g rt thanh n th trn b mt
ngoi ca v Tay cun, ng tm i vi nh
nhng song song hay gn song song i vi
cc ra mnh, nh du qu trnh tng ln ca
mnh v; lot nhng ng ng tm xp sp
khng u n trn b mt v Thn mm hai
mnh, th hin qu trnh tng ln k tip ca
mnh v; lot nhng g thp khp vi mi
ngoi nm trn b mt ngoi ca v Chn bng
nh du nhng v tr trc ca mi ngoi,
ng thi th hin s tng trng ca con vt;
nhng g xp sp khng u n trn bao
ngoi ca San h Rugosa n th, nm song
song vi b trn ca , th hin s thay i v
tr ca b ny trong qu trnh tng trng.
growth ring [6618] : vng tng trng.
ng tng trng San h Rugosa.
growth ruga [6619] : np tng trng.
G th xut hin khng u n trn b mt
v thn mm Hai mnh c ngun gc nh mt
ng tng trng, nhng tng ng vi
mt s ngng ngh lu hn trong qu trnh
tng trng.
grunerite [6620] : grunerit.
Khong vt h n nghing nhm
amphibol: Fe7Si8O22(OH)2. Ss: cumingtonit.
grunlingite [6621] : grunlingit.
Khong vt h ba phng: Bi4TeS3 (?).
gruzderite [6622] : gruzderit.
Khong vt: Cu6Hg3Sb4S12, ng loi vi
aktashit v nowackit.
Guadalupian [6623] : Guadalup.
Thng Bc M, Permi trung v thng
(nm trn Leonard, nm di Ocho). Theo
phn ban a tng Permi quc t, Guadalup
c cng nhn l thng Permi trong s
phn chia h Permi lm ba thng ca thi a
tng quc t (1998). Thng gm ba bc: Roadi,
Wordi v Capitan. Thng Loping (Permi
thng) ph ln thng Guadalop (Permi trung).
guanajuatite [6624] : guanajuatit.
Khong vt mu xm-xanh nht: Bi2Se3.
guanglinite [6625] : guanglinit.
Khong vt h thoi: Pd3As.
guanine [6626] : guanin.
Khong vt h n nghing:
C5H3(NH2)N4O.
guano [6627] : guano, phn chim bin.
1- Trm tch phosphat hoc nitrat hnh
thnh do s ra la ca phn chim c tch
t trong i kh nng.
2- Trm tch hnh thnh t phn di c mt
trong cc hang ng karst.
gudmundite [6628] : gudmundit.
Khong vt h thoi mu trng bc n xm
thp: FeSbS.
guerinite [6629] : guerinit.
Khong vt: Ca5H2(AsO4)4.9H2O, lng
hnh vi ferairsit.
guest [6630] : my khch.
Khi mt my PC ni vi mt my PC khc
qua ng in thoi hay qua mng my tnh,
my gi n gi l my khch, my b gi l
my ch.
guettardite [6631] : guetardit.
Khong vt: Pb9 (Sb,As)16S33.
guildite [6632] : guildit.
Khong vt mu nu ht d:
CuFe(SO4)2(OH)4.4H2O.
guilielmite [6633] : guilielmit.
Mt kiu cu to trm tch ngm di nc,
thnh to trong bn do s st l xung quanh
mt ho v c c trng bi b mt trt
nhn bng c sp xp theo kiu to tia hoc
thoi i xng xung quanh ha (Wood,
1935). Thng gp trong cc mt ct phin
st c cha than.
guilleminite [6634] : guileminit.
Khong vt th sinh mu vng nht:
Ba (UO2)3(SeO3)2(OH)4.3H2O.
gulf [6635] : vnh.
1- Mt phn tng i ln ca bin hoc
i dng n su vo t lin.
2- H trng hp v su, vc thm.
283
Gulfian [6636] : Gulfi.
Thng khu vc Bc M. Creta thng (nm
trn Comanche, nm di Paleocen ca
tam).
gullet [6637] : cung hng (cs).
1- ng dn hnh ng nhng cht t bo
ca cc ng vt nguyn sinh (nh Trng dao
ng-Tintinnidae), i khi c chc nng l
ng dn thc n.
2- ng rnh dc c mt mt s To
(nh cc h Cryptophyceae v Eugleno-
phyceae).
gully [6638] : khe xi, mng xi.
1- Thung lng rt nh, nh hm ni, khe
ni b mt vch hoc rnh, mng xi
trn trm tch khng gn kt.
2- Khe sui nh, sn dc.
gully erosion [6639] : xm thc mng xi;
xm thc su.
S xm thc t v cc mm yu do
nc chy to thnh cc mng hp v thng
c nc vo lc ma to, sau lc l hoc do
nc bng tan.
gunningite [6640] : guningit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
(Zn,Mn)(SO4).H2O.
Gunz [6641] : Gunz.
Bc ca Pleistocen Chu u (nm trn
cui Donau, nm di bng h Mindel). Trong
thi gian di c coi l giai on bng h u
tin ca Pleistocen Alp.
gurhofite [6642] : gurhofit.
Bin th khong vt dolomit mu trng
tuyt cha mt lng ng k calci.
n: gurhofian.
gushing spring [6643] : mch phun.
X: vauclusian spring.
gustavite [6644] : gustavit.
Khong vt: PbAgBi3S6
gutsevichite [6645] : gutsevichit.
Khong vt:
(Al,Fe)3(PO4,VO4)2(OH)3.8H2O (?).
gutter [6646] : sui, ho, rnh thot nc.
1- Sui hay knh t nhin, hp v nng hoc
mng xi.
2- Thung lng nng, sn dc l ni tiu
thot nc m ly.
3- Rnh o dc theo hai bn l ng
tiu thot nc.
guyanaite [6647] : guyanait.
Khong vt: CrO(OH), a hnh vi
bwaceaelit v grimaldit.
gymnocyst [6648] : khin trn.
Khin trc ng vt dng ru Ming mi
(b Cheilostomata) hnh thnh do vi ha phn
thnh trc. phn b Khng ti (Anasca),
pht trin ch yu ra gn tm v ra bn ca
mng trc.
gymnosperm [6649] : ht trn, kha t.
Loi thc vt c ht nm trong qu nn,
khng bao gi trong bu. V d: Tu, H lu
, Thng, Linh sam v Bch. Tui: t
Devon mun.
gyparenite [6650] : gyparenit
Loi ct kt c cha cc ht thch cao
ri rc.
gypsite [6651] : thch cao.
1- Bin th dng t ca thch cao ch xut
hin trong cc vng kh nng.
2- gypsum.
gypsolith [6652] : thch cao.
gypsum [6653] : thch cao.
Khong vt thch cao (sulfat hydrat calci),
phn b rng ri: CaSO4.2H2O, l khong vt
sulfat ph bin nht v thng kt hp vi halit
trong trm tch bc hi, va mng, ko di,
phn b gia cc tng ca vi, ct kt v st
(thng tn ti trong c tui Pecmi v
Trias). Thch cao c tnh do ( cng 2 theo
thang Mohs). Khi sch th trng khng mu
nhng ni chung mu xm nht, nht, vng
nht, xanh nht hoc nu nht, dng khi, dng
si, tinh th h n nghing. Thch cao ch
yu dng ci to t, cht lm chm trong
xi mng portland. T gc Hy Lp l gypsos.
n: gypsite; gypplaster stone; plaster of
Paris.
gyrate [6654] : xon c.
Cun xon nh hnh th v c.
gyratory crusher [6655] : my nghin quay,
my nghin ly tm.
gyrocone [6656] : v cun khng cht.
V ca Chn u cun li khng cht, vng
sau khng tip xc vi vng trc.
gyrogastric [6657] : v xon sau.
ng vt Chn bng (Gastropoda) xon
rut g v pha sau thn, gy ra bi s xon
ca v ngoi v u trng.
gyrolite [6658] : gyrolit.
Khong vt mu trng, ct khai nh mica:
Ca2Si3O7(OH)2 .H2O. n: centralasit.
gyttja [6659] : bn en y m ly.
Loi bn mm nho, mu xm, hnh thnh
trong iu kin nc ngt, cha mt lng
ng k vt cht hu c, c tch t trong bi
ly hoc trong h nc giu oxy v cht dinh
dng.
284
haapalaite [6660] : hapalait.
Khong vt h su phng:
2(Fe,Ni)2S2.3(Mg,Fe)(OH)2.
habit [6661] : tp tnh, dng.
1- Thut ng ch nhng tinh th hoc dng
t hp khong vt c trng.
2- Thut ng ch hnh dng bn ngoi ca
khong vt. n: habitus.
habitus [6662] : tp tnh, dng.
n: habit.
hadal [6663] : vc thm, h su i dng.
Tnh t ch mi trng i dng su nht
nh mng i dng hay vc thm i dng
thng su hn 6,5km.
Hadrynian [6664] : Hadryni.
Phn mun nht trong s phn chia thnh
ba ca Proterozoi Canada, nm trn Helik.
haezlewoodite [6665] : haezlewodit.
Khong vt: Ni3S2.
haff [6666] : vng nc ngt ven b, vng
ca sng.
Vng nc ngt bin ven b, nng v ngn
cch bin bng mi ct hay mi t qua
ca sng.
hafnium [6667] : hafni (Hf).
Nguyn t ha hc s 72, nguyn t lng
178,492; t trng 13,31 g/cm3, thuc nhm
kim loi nng, lithophil, c 6 ng v bn v 34
ng v khng bn. Hm lng Hf trong cc
(ppm): v lc a trn l 5,8; siu mafic 0,5;
gabro-basalt 3; granit granodiorit 5; phin
4; trong t 5; nc i dng 0,000007 mg/l.
Cc khong vt tiu biu l zircon, badeleyit.
Phng php phn tch: ICP-MS. Dng trong
cng ngh ht nhn, hp kim, n sng
chp nh.
hafnon [6668] : hafnon.
Khong vt h lp phng: HfSiO4.
hagendorfite [6669] : hagendorfit.
Khong vt mu en-xanh nht:
(Na,Ca)(Fe,Mn)2(PO4)2.
hggite [6670] : hagit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu en:
V2O2(OH)3.
hail [6671] : ma .
Ma c kt ta t my dng do bo t
hay dng t c sm st; cc ht hnh cu c
cu to phn lp.
hair crack [6672] : vt nt nh.
hairpin dune [6673] : n ct dng parabol.
n ct, cn ct hay ni ct ko di c
dng parabol, c thnh to ni c gi
thng xuyn v c thc vt pht trin.
hair pyrites [6674] : pyrit dng tc.
n: millerite; capillary pyrite.
hair zeolite [6675] : zeolit dng tc.
Nhm nhng khong vt zeolit dng si,
bao gm natrolit, mesolit, scolesit, thomsolit
v mordenit. n: feather zeolite.
haiweeite [6676] : haiweit.
Khong vt th sinh mu vng nht n
vng xanh nht:
Ca(UO2)2Si6O15.5H2O.
hakite [6677] : hakit.
Khong vt nhm tetrahedrit:
(Cu, Hg)12 Sb4 (S, Se)13, cha arsen tng
t giraudit.
haldinggerite [6678] : haldingerit.
Khong vt mu trng hoc khng mu:
CaHAsO4H2O.
half-heading-method of roadway formation
[6679] : phng php thi cng ng l giao
thng.
Phng php thi cng hm l giao thng,
trong gng l c o lun phin tng
na mt, xen gia vi o v a cht, lp dng
tr lc. Thng c p dng nhng ni iu
kin t khng thun li, hoc ng knh
hm l qu ln, khng cho php khoan o
ton b gng l mt lc.
halfspace [6680] : bn khng gian.
Nn t thng c m hnh ha thnh
285
bn khng gian vi cc lp t l v tn.
X: semi-infinite solid.
halftoning [6681] : bn sc.
Qu trnh bin i lm cho sc iu nh c
v nh lin tc.
half-value thickness [6682] : gi tr na
chiu dy.
Chiu dy ca mt lp t , khi cc tia
phng x i qua n th cng ca chng b
gim i mt na (do hp th phng x).
half-width [6683] : na chiu rng.
rng ca phn d thng t hoc trng
lc c hnh dng n gin c tnh mc gi
tr trng bng 1/2 gi tr cc i ca d
thng.
halilith [6684] : mui, halilit.
Thut ng s dng ch loi mui.
halite [6685] : halit, mui m.
L khong vt c cng thc: NaCl. l
loi mui t nhin, xut hin di dng tinh
th lp phng, hoc dng ht c st, c v
mn c trng. n: common salt; rock salt.
hallimondite [6686] : halimondit.
Khong vt th sinh mu vng:
Pb2 (UO2)(AsO4)2.
halloysite [6687] : haloysit.
1- Thut ng dng Hoa K cho khong
vt st porcelainlit: Al2Si2O5(OH)4.2H2O, ng
ngha metahalloysite ca cc tc gi chu u.
Haloysit dng ng rt nh ch nhn thy c
di knh hin vi in t. Thut ng ny cng
dng ch khong vt khng c hydrat v
thnh phn ha hc ging kaolinit nhng c
cu trc khc.
2- chu u thut ng ny dng ch
khong vt st: Al2Si2O5(OH)4.4H2O, ng
ngha endellite ca cc tc gi Hoa K v l
khong vt c hydrat cao hn metahaloysit.
3- Thut ng c s dng cho tt c cc
khong vt haloysit t nhin (hydrated,
monhydrated v intermediat) v nhn to.
Haloysit l tn nhm cho cc khong vt
ni trn.
halmeic [6688] : halmeic.
Loi trm tch bin su c thnh to trc
tip t dung dch hoc xung quanh cc nhn
hu c, v d nh cc kt hch barit,
phosphorit, mangan. Ngn: chthonic.
halocline [6689] : tng mn t bin ca
nc bin.
Lp c mn nhy vt.
halolite [6690] : halolit.
Loi trng c halit pht trin trong nc
bin bo ha mui trong iu kin nc khng
yn tnh.
halotrichite [6691] : halotrichit.
1- Khong vt: FeAl2(SO4)4.22H2O, tinh th
dng si mu vng. n: feather alum; iron
alum; mountain butter; butter rock.
2- Cha sulfat tng t vi halit.
halurgite [6692] : halurgit.
Khong vt: Mg2B8O14 .5H2O.
hambergite [6693] : hambergit.
Khong vt mu trng xm nht hoc khng
mu: Be2BO3OH.
Hammada [6694] : Hamada.
Cao nguyn vng sa mc c b mt bng
, hnh thnh do tc dng xm thc bo mn
ca gi; thut ng Rp.
hammarite [6695] : hamarit.
Khong vt mu nht, xm thp:
Pb2Cu2Bi4S9(?).
hammer crusher [6696] : my nghin ba.
hammock [6697]:g, i nh, cn, m t cao.
Thut ng c s dng min ng-nam
nc Hoa K ch g, i, cn, m t c
nng cao hn so vi vng ng bng hay m
ly. n: hummock.
hampshirite [6698] : hampshirit.
Khong vt: steatit gi olivin.
hancockite [6699] : hancockit.
Khong vt nhm epidot:
(Pb, Ca, Sr)2 (Al, Fe)3 (SiO4)3 (OH).
hand operated, manual [6700] : cm nang, s
tay hng dn s dng.
hanging tributary [6701] : sng sui nhnh
(hoc chi lu) thung lng treo.
hanging valley [6702] : thung lng ph, thung
lng treo.
Thung lng ph (thung lng nhnh) c y
cao hn y ca thung lng chnh min tip
gip; c thnh to ni c qu trnh o su
nhanh hn v to ra cc vch ng hay sn
dc kiu thc nc.
hanging wall [6703] : tng treo, vch treo.
hanging wall caving [6704] : cnh treo.
Khai o, khai thc pha cnh treo (ca t
gy, thn qung, v.v.).
hanksite [6705] : hanksit.
Khong vt h su phng mu trng hoc
nu:
Na22K(SO4)9 (CO3)2Cl.
hannayite [6706] : hanayit.
Khong vt: Mg3(NH4)2H4(PO4)4.8H2O, tinh
th mnh mu vng nht trong phn chim.
hanusite [6707] : hanusit.
Hn hp ca stevensit v pectolit:
Mg2Si3O7(OH)2.H2O. Trc y c xem
286
nh l mt khong vt.
haplozoan [6708] : ng vt n ct
(Haplozoa).
Mt nhm nh gi nh l ng vt Da gai,
sng t do, thuc mt phn ngnh ch c hai
ging v c trng bng khung xng vi dy
bao gm mt t phin sp xp quanh mt hc
gia dng ming phu. Ch c bit t
Cambri gia.
hapteron [6709] : chn bm.
Cu trc bm mt vi To bin ln,
c bit l To nu, thng l a bo, phn
nhnh v dng r.
haptonema [6710] : si bm.
Mt b phn dng si chung hay dng di
cui ca mt t bo To cu , nm gia
nhng lng roi, nhng cng hn. N c th co
rt li thnh mt vng xon hoc dui ra v
c dng nh mt c quan bm vo vt nn.
haradaite [6711] : haradait.
Khong vt: SrVSi2O7.
harbor [6712] : vnh nh, ca sng, bn cng.
1- Vnh nh hay khu vc cha nc ln, su
va phi, c kh nng chng gi c sng cao
v dng chy mnh tu tr ng.
2- Ca sng hoc ca sng c cc di chn.
hard-metal bit [6713] : u mi khoan bng
kim loi c ti luyn v c cng cao.
hard mineral [6714] : khong vt cng.
Nhng khong vt cng hn thch anh (
cng ln hn 7 theo thang Mohs).
Ss: soft mineral.
hardness of materials or rock [6715] :
cng ca t, , qung, khong vt.
cng, cng ca vt liu hoc ca .
hardness of mineral [6716] : cng ca
khong vt.
S khng ca khong vt khi b rch. Tnh
cht ny ca khong vt xc nh theo thang
chun 10 khong vt bit cng l thang
Mohs, hoc theo thang k thut ca 15 khong
vt, hoc theo mt s thang chun khc.
hardness of water [6717] : cng ca nc.
Tnh cht ca nc c kh nng hp th x
phng (ngn x phng to bt) v to cn cng
y ni hi, m un nc hoc trong ng
ng dn do nc cha nhiu calci v magnesi.
cng ca nc c tnh bng mge/l
(miligam ng lng trong mt lt) hoc
c, Php, M, Anh. Ngi ta phn
loi cng thnh.
- cng carbonat hay cng tm thi.
X: carbonate hardness; temporary hardness.
- cng phi carbonat hay cng vnh
vin. X: noncarbonate hardness; permanent
hardness.
- cng cao trong nc, khng thun tin
trong n ung sinh hot v s dng trong
k thut.
hardpan [6718] : tng t ci.
1- Lp t cng, tr ra, thnh phn l st
c thnh to do gn kt cc ht th nhng
bng cc vt liu tng i kh tan nh oxid
silic, oxid st v vt cht hu c.
2- Lp t gn kt ct, si, cui bng vt
liu st.
hard rock [6719] : rn chc.
1- Thut ng s dng mt cch khng cht
ch, ch loi ngun bin cht hoc ni la
phn bit vi trm tch.
2- Loi c tnh chng chu xi mn
tng i cao.
3- Loi i hi phi khoan hoc n mn
di chuyn i phc v mc ch kinh t.
4- Thut ng s dng mt cch khng cht
ch ca th khoan ch trm tch trc
Creta v phi khoan vi tc tng i chm
v nhn li khoan c th bit c ngay su
ca .
hard water [6720] : nc cng.
Nc c cng cao (thng quy c trn
3 mge/l Ca2+ v Mg2+). X: hardness of water.
hardystonite [6721] : hardystonit.
Khong vt mu trng: Cu2ZnSi2O7.
harkerite [6722] : harkerit.
Khong vt khng mu:
Ca48Mg16Al3(BO3)15(CO3)18(SiO4)12(OH,Cl)8.
3H2O.
harmonic extraction [6723] : khai thc c k
hoch, hi ha.
harmotome [6724] : harmotom.
Khong vt zeolit: (Ba,K)1-2(Al,Si)S16.6H2O,
tinh th dng hnh ch thp. n: cross-stone.
harrisite [6725] : harisit.
Khong vt: chalcocit gi hnh galen.
harstigite [6726] : harstigit.
Khong vt: Ca6(Mn,Mg)Be4Si6(O,OH)24.
hartite [6727] : hartit.
Nha ha kt tinh mu trng c trong
than lignit (than nu). n: bombiccite;
branchite; hofmannite; josen.
harzburgite [6728] : harzburgit.
1- Theo phn loi ca IUGS, l xm
nhp vi M bng hoc ln hn 90,
ol/(ol+opx+cpx) gia 40 v 90 v
cpx/(ol+opx+cpx) nh hn 5.
2- Peridotit c thnh phn ch yu l olivin
v orthopyroxen. Tn c t theo tn
287
vng Harzburg c.
hassock [6729] : ct kt c glauconit.
Thut ng c dng Anh ch loi
ct kt mm giu vi, c cha glauconit.
n: calkstone.
hastingsite [6730] : hastingsit.
Khong vt h n nghing nhm
amphibol:
NaCa2(Fe,Mg)5Al2Si6O22(OH)2, cha mt
t kali.
hastite [6731] : hastit.
Khong vt h thoi: CoSe2, lng hnh vi
trogtalit.
hatchite [6732] : hatchit.
Khong vt h ba nghing mu xm ch:
(Pb,Te)2AgAs2S5.
hatrurite [6733] : hatrurit.
Khong vt trong ''i sc s" Israel:
Ca3O(SiO4).
hauchecornite [6734] : hauchecornit.
Khong vt h bn phng:
Ni9(Bi,Sb,As,Te)2S8.
hausmannite [6735] : hausmanit.
Khong vt mu en-nu nht: Mn3O4.
Hauterivian [6736] : Hauterivi.
Bc do Renevier (1873) xc lp theo tn
thnh ph Otrive-Hauterive (Thy S), l bc
ca thi a tng quc t, Creta h (nm trn
Valangin, nm di Barrem).
haven [6737] : ni che chn cho tu thuyn.
Vnh nh, ni su kn, hoc lch ca bin
c kh nng neo u, che chn cho tu, thuyn;
bn tu, cng.
hawaiite [6738] : hawaiit.
Loi qu olivin mu xanh nht, ngho
st trong dung nham Hawaii.
haxonite [6739] : haxonit.
Khong vt trong thin thch:
(Fe, Ni)23 C6.
haycockite [6740] : haycockit.
Khong vt h thoi: Cu4Fe5S8.
haystack hill [6741] : i c kh, i st.
n: karst tower.
HDR [6742] : kh nng.
n: hot dry rock.
head [6743] : thng ngun, u ngun, nh;
u, mm, ngn.
1- (m) Nhnh cui ca h; pha i din
vi ca ra; thng ngun, u ngun ca sng
sui. nh sn hay nh thung lng. im xa
nht u sng m thuyn c th i ti.
2- (cs) Phn trc ca ng vt V gip
(Crustacea) gm c u hoc u vi mt hay
nhiu th ngc pha trc. Phn lng pha trc
ca c th ngnh Thn mm (Mollusca), cha
ming, gic quan v hch thn kinh ln.
ng vt c xng sng, thut ng thng
c dng ch cui nh ca g, xng cnh
tay v xng i Mm to.
header pipe [6744] : ng thu nc, ng c u
thu, u ng.
heading [6745] :
Rnh o kho st t, rnh o kim tra
o h mng.
headland [6746] : mi t, bn o.
1- Mi t cao, dc nh ra bin.
2- B mt cao gi nc nh vnh nh.
3- Vch dc, lm chm ca mi.
headland beach [6747] : bi trc.
Bi bin hp c thnh to pha di
chn ca mi vch dc n ven bin.
headland mesa [6748] : ni mt bn.
Mt phn ca cao nguyn pht trin nh ra
on un cong ca sng ln.
head of water [6749] :
Chiu cao ct nc, p lc ct nc, ti
trng thy tnh.
headrace channel [6750] : knh dn nc vo.
headwall [6751] : vch ng, u vch.
Sn dc u thung lng, cc mn vch
sau i vng.
headward erosion [6752] : xm thc thng
ngun.
S ko di v o su u ngun sng ca
thung lng tr do qu trnh xm thc v thng
km theo s ra tri, o lng, o sui v tp
trung mnh vn u thung lng.
headwater basin [6753] : bn thu nc, bn
u ngun.
headwater erosion [6754] : xm thc
thng ngun.
n: headward erosion.
head wave [6755] : sng u, sng nn.
Loi sng khc x c quan st trong thm
d a chn. c hnh thnh khi sng ti, i
t lp c tc thp (V1) p vo lp c
tc ln hn (V2) di gc bng gc ti
hn i: i = asin(V1/V2). Trong iu kin ny, tia
sng a chn khc x vo lp th 2 s chy
trt dc ranh gii v kch thch cc dao ng
a chn pht trin quay tr li lp c tc
thp nm trn v hnh thnh sng khc x quay
tr v lp trn. Sng khc x ny c gi l
sng u, v sng u c mt sng dng hnh
nn ct nn n cn c gi l sng nn.
heal (of a dam) [6756] : chn p pha
thng lu.
heap [6757] : bi thi, ng thi.
288
heat conduction [6758] : dn nhit.
Qu trnh truyn nhit trong cht rn t ch
c nhit cao n khu vc nhit thp bng
tc ng phn t m khng di chuyn vt cht
trong chng tc l khng c hin tng
i lu.
heat conductivity [6759] : dn nhit.
Lng nhit tnh bng calo truyn qua mt
tm vt cht no c dy bng 1cm v
2
thit din bng 1cm trong thi gian mt giy
khi nhit gia hai mt ca tm chnh
o nm di Landen).
nhau 1 C.
heat flow [6760] : dng nhit.
Dng nhit trong v Tri t.
heat flow measurement [6761]: o dng
nhit.
heat flow unit [6762] : n v dng nhit.
n v o dng nhit ca Tri t tng
ng vi 106 cal/cm2/giy.
heave [6763] : nng tri mt t.
S y tri b mt t do o h mng hoc
ng cc, y h b o do gim ti trng tc
dng bn trn t.
heaving (as in "heaving soil") [6764] : nng
tri t, trng n t.
heavy isotope [6765] : ng v nng.
heavy mineral [6766] : khong vt nng.
Ht vn khong vt trong trm tch c t
trng ln hn t trng dung dch chun
(thng l 2,85), v thng l khong vt ph
ca (di 1% trong nhiu loi ct). V d
nh magnetit, ilmenit, zircon, rutil, granat,
tourmalin, sphen, apatit, v.v.
heavy spar [6767] : spar nng ,barit.
n: barite.
heavy water [6768] : nc nng.
Nc c lm giu bi nhng ng v
nng ca hydro (deuteri, triti) v oxy 18. Nc
nng c trng lng ring = 1,1, ng c
3,82oC, si 101,42oC.
heazlewoodite [6769] : heazlewodit.
Khong vt: Ni4 S2.
hectorite [6770] : hectorit.
Khong vt st khi tm mt ba, giu lithi,
thuc nhm montmorilonit: Na0.23(Mg,Li)3Si4
O10(F,OH)2. Hectorit c trng cho khong vt
v tr cui trong nhm montmorilonit, trong
alumin b thay th bi magnesi v lithi
trong lp tm mt.
hedenbergite [6771] : hedenbergit.
Khong vt mu en nhm clinopyroxen:
CaFeSi2O6, l khong vt skarn thnh to ni
tip gip gia vi vi granit.
hedleugite [6772] : hedleugit.
Khong vt: Bi7Te3 hp kim ca dung dch
cng: Bi5 trong Bi2Te3.
hedreocraton [6773] : craton lc a
bn vng.
Craton lc a bn vng bao gm c khin
lc a v nn.
hedyphane [6774] : hedyphan.
Khong vt mu trng-vng nht ca nhm
apatit: (Ca,Pb)5(AsO4)3Cl, c th cha bari.
Heersian [6775] : Heers.
Bc chu u. Paleocen h (nm trn Dan,
heideite [6776] : heideit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
(Fe,Cr)1+x(Ti,Fe)2S4.
heidornite [6777] : heidornit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
Na2Ca3B5O8(SO4)2Cl(OH)2..
height [6778] : chiu cao (cs).
Tay cun, chiu cao ca v cng l b
dy ca n, l khong cch ti a gia hai
im li nht ca mnh lng v mnh bng
tnh trn mt ct ct qua v theo mt phng i
xng, o thng gc vi ng ni nh vi ra
trc ca v; Thn mm hai mnh l khong
cch gia hai mt phng song song vi trc
bn l v thng gc vi mt phng i xng i
qua im cao nht nh v im thp nht
b bng; v cun ca Chn u l khong
cch gia mt bng v ng khu ra rn.
height of capillary rise [6779] : chiu cao ct
nc mao dn.
Chiu cao ct nc c nng ln do tc
ng ca lc mao dn.
height of land [6780] : cao, chiu cao,
im cao ca t.
Phn cao nht ca ng bng hay cao
nguyn.
heinrichite [6781] : heinrichit.
Khong vt th sinh mu vng n xanh:
Ba(UO2)2(AsO4)210-12H2O.
Ss: metaheinrichite.
Helderbergian [6782] : Helderbergi.
Bc Bc M, thp nht ca Devon (nm
trn Silur thng, nm di Ulsteri).
helen [6783] : helen.
Phn di hp v cong ca v ng vt Mng
a (hyolithida), ko di v pha bn t ch ni
ca np ym v nn, c helen phi v tri.
helical auger [6784] : khoan xon, mi khoan
c dng xon.
helicoid [6785] : dng xon c.
To thnh, hoc xp sp theo mt ng
xon c, v d nh v Chn bng hoc i khi
289
c v Chn u dng Cc khi cun xon
u n trong mt khng gian ba chiu.
helicoplacoid [6786] : dng phin xon
(Helicoplacoidea).
Mt ng vt Da gai thuc mt lp c
trng bi c th dng phin hnh thoi n hnh
qu l c v xon d un v co gin c,v.v..
Chng ch c bit t Cambri sm.
Helikian [6787] : Helik.
L phn gia trong s phn ba ca
Proterozoi Canada, nm trn Aphebi, nm
di Hadryn.
heliolitid [6788] : Heliolitidae.
San h thuc mt h sng qun th thnh
dng khi c xoang thanh, phn cch nhau
bi m xng ngoi v thng c 12 vch gai
bng nhau, cc tm y hon chnh. Tui:
Ordovic gia-Devon gia.
heliophyllite [6789] : heliophylit.
Khong vt tng ng vi ecdemit, h thoi:
Pb6As2O7Cl4 (?).
heliozoan [6790] : Trng mt tri (Heliozoa).
ng vt nguyn sinh Chn tia
(Actinopodia) thuc mt phn lp c trng
bi cc chn gi khng cng nhc, ch vng
chc c nh thanh trc ca cc si t.
helium [6791] : heli (He).
Nguyn t ha hc s 2, nguyn t lng
4,00260; thuc nhm kh him atmophil, c 2
ng v bn v 6 ng v khng bn, c th c hemicone [6804] : nn bi tch.
trong khong vt zeolit, l thnh phn kh t
nhin trong khng kh. c dng trong l
phn ng ht nhn, kh tr trong cc phng th
nghim v cng ngh ng dng.
hellandite [6792] : helandit.
Khong vt: (Ca,Y)2(Si,B,Al)3O8.H2O.
hellyerite [6793] : helyerit.
Khong vt: NiCO3.6H2O.
Helmholtz coil [6794] : vng Helmhol.
Vng dy cm ng to ra t trng ng
nht khi cho dng in chy qua. Vng
Helmhol c s dng trong thm d t
chun cc t k.
helmutwinklerite [6795] : helmutwinklerit.
Khong vt: Pb Zn2(AsO4)2.2H2O.
Helvetian [6796] : Helvet.
Bc chu u, Miocen (nm trn Serravali,
nm di Torton).
helvite [6797] : helvit.
Khong vt: (Mn,Fe,Zn)4Be3(SiO4)2S, l loi
cha mangan ng hnh vi danalit v
genthelvit. n: helvin.
hemafibrite [6798] : hemafibrit.
Khong vt mu nu nht n :
Mn3(AsO4)(OH)3.H2O.
hematite [6799] : hematit.
Khong vt cha st -Fe2O, lng hnh vi
maghematit. Hematit c nh kim, trng nh
kim loi, mu xm thp hoc en-st, tinh th
khi mt thoi, khi hnh thn hoc tp hp
dng si, mu sm, -nu, dng t, khi
vch ln s c mu gch. Hematit l thnh
phn nguyn sinh ca magma, trm tch v
thnh phn bin i trong bin cht.
Hematit l khong vt qung st.
n: red hematite; red iron ore; red ocher;
rhombohedral ion ore; oligist iron;
bloodstone.
hematolite [6800] : hematolit.
Khong vt h ba phng:
(Mn,Mg)13Al2As+3(AsO4)2(OH)21O4.
hematophanite [6801] : hematophanit.
Khong vt: Pb4Fe3O8(Cl,OH).
hemichoanitic [6802] : na xoang.
C vch ngn quay sau v Chn u
Nautiloidea, ko di mt na n ba phn t
khong cch n vch ngn sau.
Hemichordata [6803] : Na dy sng.
Mt phn ngnh ca ngnh Dy sng
nguyn thy (Protochordata) hoc ca ngnh
C dy sng (Chordata), gm cc ng vt c
dy sng trc ming v ba on th khoang
nguyn thy khi trng thnh.
hemicyclothem [6805] : na chu k trm tch.
Thut ng c dng cho phn trm tch
bin thp hoc phn trm tch bin trn ca chu
k Pensylvani.
hemidisc [6806] : gai na a.
Gai Bt bin gm mt gai a kp khng
bng nhau.
hemihedrite [6807] : hemihedrit.
Khong vt: Pb10Zn(CrO4)6(SiO4)2F2.
hemimorphite [6808] : hemimorphit.
1- Khong vt h thoi mu trng hoc
khng mu n mu xanh nht hoc vng:
Zn4Si2O7(OH)2.H2O, ging smithsonit nhng
phn bit da vo hin tng ha-in mnh.
Hemimorphit l khong vt th sinh v l
khong vt qung km. n: calamine, electric
calamine, galmei.
2- Thut ng i khi c s dng trong
thng trng qu. n: smithsonite.
Hemingfordian [6809] : Hemingfordi.
Bc Bc M, Miocen h (nm trn
Arikare, nm di Barstovi).
hemipelagic deposit [6810] : tch t
i dng.
290
 Trm tch bin su, trong hn 25% c
cp ht ln hn 5 micron l ngun gc lc
nguyn, ni la. Nhng trm tch ny thng
c tch t gn ra lc a v ng bng bin
thm gn .
hemipelagite [6811] : i dng.
Cc trm tch c hnh thnh do tc
tch t chm ca cc ht trm tch ngun sinh
vt v cc ht nh ngun lc a trn y bin.
hemiperipheral growth [6812] : tng trng
na mnh.
S tng trng v Tay cun, trong vt
liu mi c thm vo ra trc v hai bn,
m khng thm vo pha sau.
hemiphragm [6813] : phin honh na.
Phin vi dng tm ngang ko di t b
phn vch c th qua bung c th mt
vi nhm ng vt dng Ru mi
hp (Stenolaemata).
hemispherical (stereographic) projection
[6814] : php chiu bn cu (lp th).
Phng php biu th v phn tch mi quan
h ba chiu gia cc mt phng v ng thng
trn biu hai chiu. Mt phng c biu th
bng mt ng trn (gi l ng trn ln, l
giao tuyn gia mt phng v mt hnh cu c
tm nm trn mt phng ) v cc (l giao
im gia hnh cu v mt ng thng i qua
tm hnh cu, vung gc vi mt phng ni
trn). Do ng trn ln v cc mt phng u
xut hin trn c hai bn cu trn v di nn
ch cn mt bn cu l biu th v x l
cc s liu cu trc. Ty theo loi bi ton (v
nhiu khi, ty theo c s thch, thi quen ca
ngi s dng) c th dng na bn cu di
hoc trn. Php chiu lp th cho php biu th
cc ng trn ln v cc trn mt mt phng.
Ty theo mt phng ny ng hoc nm ngang
m ta c php chiu ng gc hoc ng din.
Php chiu ng gc c u im trong vic gii
mt s bi ton k thut trong khi php chiu
ng din li thun li trong vic phn tch cc
s liu v hng gin on.
Hemphillian [6815] : Hemphili.
Bc Bc M. Miocen thng-Pliocen h
(nm trn Clarendon, nm di Blanci).
hemusite [6816] : hemusit.
Khong vt h lp phng: Cu6 Sn Mo S8.
hendersonite [6817] : hendersonit.
Khong vt mu en:
Ca2V+2V8+5O24.8H2O.
hendricksite [6818] : hendricksit.
Dng mica khi tm mt ba, c thnh phn
l tng:
K(Zn,Mn)3(Si3Al1)O16(OH,F)2.
henritermiesite [6819] : heritermiesit.
Khong vt nhm hydrogranat:
Ca3(Mn,Al)2(SiO4)2(OH)4.
henryite [6820] : henryit.
Khong vt: Cu4Ag3Te4.
hepatic cinnabar [6821] : thn sa mu gan.
Thn sa mu nu- hoc en.
n: liver ore.
herb [6822] : c.
Loi thc vt c mch, tm vc thp, thn
khng tr thnh g, sng mt hay nhiu nm,
tng trng nh r hoc thn r.
herbaceous [6823] : c.
Thc vt c mch mu xanh l cy, tm vc
thp, sng mt hay lu nm.
Hercynian orgeny [6824] : to ni Hercyni.
Theo cch gi hin nay l thi i to ni
Paleozoi chu u xy ra vo Carbon v
Perm, tng ng vi to ni Varisc. Cch
dng chu u hin nay c s khc nhau gia
hai thut ng ny. Nhiu nh a cht c
dng ch Hercynian ch phng to ni
ty bc, khng r v mt thi gian v v vy h
thch dng tn Variscan hn. Nhiu nh a
cht Php v Thy S dng t Hercynian
ch thi gian thnh to khi kt tinh bc
Alps, v v vy thch dng t Hercynian
hn Variscan.
Hercynides [6825] : hercynid.
Tn ch ai un np c hnh thnh bi
hot ng to ni Hercyni, ko di t bc
Iceland v Vales qua bc Php, B v c. n:
variscides.
hercynite [6826] : hercynit.
Khong vt mu en: FeAl2O4, thuc lot
spinel, thng cha magnesi.
n: iron spinel; ferrospinel.
herderite [6827] : herderit.
Khong vt h n nghing khng mu n
vng nht hoc trng-xanh nht:
CaBe(PO4)(F,OH).
ng hnh vi hydroxid - herderit.
hermatobiolith [6828] : loi m tiu
sinh vt.
hermatolith [6829] : m tiu.
hermatypic coral [6830] : san h to rn, san
h to m tiu, san h a sng.
Loi san h to rn (m tiu); loi san h
khng th t iu chnh thch nghi vi iu
kin khng c nh sng.
herschelite [6831] : herschelit.
Khong vt zeolit:
(Na,Ca,K)AlSi2O6.3H2O.
herzenbergite [6832] : herzenbergit.
291
 Khong vt: SnS. n: kolbeckine.
hessite [6833] : hesit.
Khong vt h lp phng: Ag2Te, thng
dng khi c th cha vng. Ss: pilsenit.
hetaerolite [6834] : hetaerolit.
Khong vt mu en: ZnMn2O4, thng i
km vi chalcophanit.
heteractine [6835] : gai tia khc dng.
Gai Bt bin thuc nhm gai tia khc
dng. Cc gai ny thng c nn tm tia
nhng dng cp cao hn, nhng cng c th c
nn nhiu tia.
heterochronous [6836] : khng cng thi.
H tng trm tch c tng thch hc tng
t, nhng pht trin trong cc giai on tr hn
vng bn cnh.
heterochthonous [6837] : khng cng thi.
1- Loi trm tch c vn chuyn, hoc
loi trm tch khng phi c thnh to ti
ni m ngy nay chng xut l. Thut ng ny
cng cp ti cc ho thch b qu trnh bo
mn vn chuyn t ni tch t ban u v c
ti trm tch.
2- Thut ng cp n cc sinh vt khng
phi mang tnh a phng.
heterocoelous [6838] : c khoang khc kiu.
Bt bin m khoang gia ca chng khng
thnh hng vi cc t bo khoang roi, c th l
nhng Bt bin dng chum (sycon) hay dng
"leucon" c gai carbonat calci.
heterocolpate [6839] : c rnh khc kiu.
Cc ht phn c cc l rng ko di (rnh
gi) xp sp mt cch hnh hc trn mng
ngoi.
heterocyst [6840] : d bo.
Mt t bo phn d thng ln, sinh ra bi
mt vi To lam, c chc nng khng r rng.
heterodont [6841] : rng khc, c rng khc
nhau (Heterodonta).
B rng ca mt Thn mm hai mnh c
mt t rng nhng phn d khc nhau thnh
rng chnh v rng bn; Cu trc bn l ca
Ostracoda gm s kt hp gia cc kiu rng
cng hc cha rng v g cng rnh, c trng
bi nhng rng nhn hoc x kha mt hay
c hai mnh v kt hp vi mt g mt mnh
v ny v mt rnh mnh v kia; ng vt c
xng sng c mt hm nhng rng khng
ng nht, nht l ng vt c v, Thn
mm hai mnh, c trng bi b rng kiu
rng khc v c c khp khng u nhau.
heterogeneous [6842] : khng ng nht.
Nn t bao gm cc lp t c c tnh
khc nhau (ct, st, ct bi, v.v.).
heterogeneous equilibrium [6843] : cn bng
khng ng nht.
S cn bng trong mt h c hai pha tr ln.
heterogeneous stress field [6844] : trng
ng sut khng ng nht.
X: stress field.
heterogenite [6845] : heterogenit.
Khong vt mu en, dng khi hnh nm
v: CaO(OH), thng c hai dng: heterogenit-
3R v heterogenit-2H, cha t ng v st.
n: stainierite.
heterolithic unconformity [6846] : khng
chnh hp khc tng.
Thut ng c dng trong trng hp quan
h khng chnh hp pht trin trn cc khc
nhau.
heteromorph [6847] : d dng.
Mt sinh vt hay mt b phn ca n c
dng khc thng, v d nh mt v Chn u
dng Cc khng cun phng nh thung l,
hoc c cc vng cun khng nh lin nhau.
heteromorphite [6848] : heteromorphit.
Khong vt: Pb7Sb3S19.
heteromyarian [6849] : c khng u.
V ca Thn mm hai mnh c vt bm c
trc nh hn r rng so vi vt bm c sau;
mt Hai mnh c c khng u nh vy.
heteropic [6850] : d tng, a tng.
Thut ng cp ti cc trm tch thuc
nhiu tng khc nhau, hoc v tng c
trng bi nhiu kiu khc nhau. Cc c
th c hnh thnh ng thi hoc gn cng
i trm tch hoc c hai iu kin ny, nhng
khc nhau v c im thch hc. V d s
chuyn tng theo phng ngang ca cc trm
tch cng tui.
heteropod [6851] : Heteropoda.
Chn bng thuc phn lp Mang trc
(Prosobranchiata) gm nhng dng bin khi
c v bng aragonit.
heteropygous [6852] : c khin khng u.
B ba thy c khin u v khin ui kch
thc khng bng nhau.
heterosite [6853] : heterosit.
Khong vt: (Fe+3,Mn+3)
ng hnh vi purpurit.
heterosporous [6854] : sinh sn hai dng
bo t.
c trng bi kiu sinh sn ra c vi bo t
ln i bo t.
heterospory [6855] : tnh trng sinh sn hai
dng bo t.
Tnh trng thc vt c phi c kiu sinh
sn ra hai dng bo t: vi bo t v i bo t.
Heterostraci [6856] : C d gip.
292
 Mt b ca C khng hm c hai l mi,
c trng bi c tm gip u-thn trn lng v
di bng phng, khp vi nhau bng nhng
phin hp che khut khe mang. Gm cc ng
vt C xng sng c nht bit. Tui: t
Ordovic sm n Devon mun.
heterotactic [6857] : gn lin vi, c trng
bi s khc thng.
n: heterotaxial.
heterotaxial [6858] : gn lin vi, c trng
bi s khc thng.
n: heterotacttic; heterotactous; hetero-
-tacxic.
heterotaxy [6859] : trnh t khng bnh thng.
Trong iu kin cc phn v xa nhau v cc
v tr lin h ca chng khng tng ng vi
trnh t a cht. n: heterotaxis, heterotaxia.
heterotomous [6860] : phn nhnh khng u.
Tay ca Hu bin c trng bng s phn
chia thnh cc nhnh khng u nhau.
heterozooid [6861] : c th d .
ng vt dng Ru a hnh phn bit vi c
th t dng ch khng c mt vi hoc ton
b c quan lin quan vi s ly thc n vo.
Hettangian [6862] : Hettang.
Bc do Renevier (1864) xc lp theo tn
thnh ph Hettange ca Php, l bc ca thi
a tng quc t, phn thp nht ca Jura (nm
trn Ret (Rhaet), nm di Sinemuri).
heulandite [6863] : heulandit.
Khong vt zeolit:
(Na,Ca)4-6Al6(Al,Si)4Si26O72.2H2O.
Dng khi, tinh th h n nghing trong
hc, ca magma basic.
hewettite [6864] : hewetit.
Khong vt mu sm: CaV6O16.9H2O,
dng tp hp tm mng, tinh th h thoi.
hexacine [6865] : gai silic su tia.
Gai Spongia silic c 6 tia thng gc vi
nhau vng trung tm.
hexacoral [6866] : san h su tia.
X: scleractinian.
hexactine [6867] : gai silic su tia.
Gai Bt bin silic c 6 tia mc thng gc
vi nhau t mt tm im.
hexactinellid [6868] : Bt bin su tia.
n: hyalosponge.
hexadisc [6869] : gai a su tia.
Gai Bt bin su tia gm ba gai a kp
xuyn thng gc vi nhau khong mt
tm chung.
hexagonal system [6870] : tinh h su
phng.
Mt trong cc tinh h kt tinh c trng bi
mt trc chnh ca trc i xng bc 3 hoc
trc i xng bc 6, thng gc vi nhau v c
chiu di khng bng nhau, ct nhau 120O.
nh ngha ny cng bao gm c tinh h ba
phng trc xoay i xng bc 3, do vy hai
tinh h trc xoay i xng bc 3 v bc 6 c
th tch ring ra.
hexagonal trapezohedral class [6871] : lp
mt thang su phng.
Lp tinh th ca h su phng c i xng
l 622.
hexagonal trapezohedron [6872] : hnh mt
thang su phng.
Hnh n c 12 mt, mt trc bc 6 v ba
trc bc 2 nhng khng c mt phng i xng
cng nh tm i xng. Gm nh v y l
hai hnh thp su phng, mt trong hai xoay
i 30o so vi hnh cn li. C th l hnh phi
hay tri vi k hiu l [hkl] hoc [hkl], vi i
xng 622.
hexahedral [6873] : thuc hnh su mt.
hexahedral coordination [6874] : phi tr
hnh su mt.
Mt kiu cu trc hay sp xp nguyn t,
trong mt ion c bao bc bi 8 ion tri
du gn nht, tm ca chng to nn cc nh
ca hnh su mt (c th l hoc khng l hnh
lp phng). N c th ng ngha vi phi tr
lp phng.
hexahedron [6875] : hnh su mt.
Hnh n gm 6 mt tng ng, c th l
hnh lp phng hoc hnh mt thoi.
Tt: hexahedral.
hexahydrite [6876] : hexahydrit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu trng hoc
trng-xanh nht: MgSO4 .6H2O.
hexahydroborite [6877] : hexahydroborit.
Khong vt: Ca[B(OH)4]2.2H2O.
hexaster [6878] : gai sao su tia.
Gai Bt bin c dng gai silic su tia vi
nhng nhnh khng trc hoc nhng on ko
di nh tia.
hexatestibiopanickelite [6879] : hexatestibio-
-panickelit.
Khong vt h su phng: (Ni,Pd)2SbTe.
hexatetrahedron [6880] : hnh hay khi 4 mt
6 tam gic.
Cch vit khc: hextetrahedron.
hexoctahedron [6881] : hnh tm mt su
tam gic.
Hnh n ca h lp phng c 48 mt tam
gic tng ng, trong mi mt u ct ba
trc tinh th hc cc khong cch khc nhau.
K hiu ca hnh n l [hkl], i xng l
293
4/m -32/m.
hexoctohedral class [6882] : lp 8 mt 6
tam gic.
Lp tinh th ca h lp phng c i xng
l 4/m 32/m.
hextetrahedral class [6883] : lp bn mt su
tam gic.
Lp tinh th ca h lp phng c i xng
l 43m.
hextetrahedron [6884] : hnh bn mt su
tam gic.
Hnh n ca h lp phng c 24 mt, k
hiu [hkl], i xng l 43m. Cch vit khc :
hexatetrahedron.
heyite [6885] : heyit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
Pb5Fe2(VO4)2O4.
heyrovskite [6886] : heyrovskit.
Khong vt: (Pb,Ag,Bi)6Bi2S9.
H horizon [6887] : tng H.
Tng t bin i rt mnh, c c trng
bi cc hp cht st ha tr hai, mu nu vng
hoc mu xm.
hibonite [6888] : hibonit.
Khong vt mu nu-en:
(Ca,Ce)(Al,Ti,Mg)12O18.
hidalgoite [6889] : hidalgoit.
Khong vt mu trng:
PbAl2(SO4)(AsO4)(OH)6.
hidden ore [6890] : qung n.
Qung khng l trn mt t.
hiddenite [6891] : hidenit.
Loi qu spodumen trong, mu xanh
cha crom.
hieratite [6892] : hieratit.
Khong vt h lp phng mu xm nht,
thnh to trong iu kin nhit cao l
phun kh: K2SiF6.
hieroglyph [6893] : vt hn c hc.
Thut ng ch bt c du hiu cu to
trm tch no trn b mt phn lp. Vassoevich
(1953) xut h thng phn loi cc du
hiu ny.
high albite [6894] : albit cao nhit.
Albit nhit cao, bn vng trn 450oC,
lun lun cha lng ng k kali v calci
trong dung dch cng. Ss: low albite.
high-angle cross-bedding [6895] : phn lp
xin gc ln.
Kiu phn lp xin, trong cc lp xin
c nghing ti a trung bnh trn 20o.
high-calcium limestone [6896] : vi
cao calci.
Loi vi cha mt hm lng rt nh
magnesi. Khng c mt dolomit, hm lng
CaCO3 t trn 95%.
high chalcocite [6897] : chalcocit cao nhit.
Chalcocit h su phng n nh
trn 105oC.
high-energy environment [6898] : mi trng
ng nng cao.
Mi trng trm tch nc b khuy ng
mnh bi cc tc ng ca sng hoc dng
chy, lm cn tr s lng ng ca cc trm
tch ht mn.
high-grade ore [6899] : qung giu, cht
lng cao.
high island [6900] : o.
a hnh bin nh cao hn mc nc bin
c, tch ra khi lc a do s xm nhp ca
bin. Cc o Thi Bnh Dng c ngun gc
ni la hn l ngun gc san h.
highland [6901] : cao nguyn, trung du.
1- Thut ng chung ch cc khu vc
tng i rng, c nng cao hoc t min
i ni chim u th cao hn vng k cn; Khu
vc min ni hay cao nguyn.
2- Vng a hnh cao hn trong khu vc,
bao gm min ni, ng bng v thung lng.
3- Min t cao, vch cao hoc a hnh
cao.
highmoor bog [6902] : m ly vng cao, m
ly cao nguyn.
m ly vng cao, b mt c ph bi
thm Ru v a y; v t ng ca nc lm
cho m cng ph thuc vo lng ma hn
mc nc ngm.
highmoor peat [6903] : than bn m ly cao.
Loi than bn trn cc m ly cao v c
thnh to ch yu t cc loi Ru. Thnh phn
m chnh ca n l t nc ma mang tnh
acid hn l t nc ngm. Thnh phn vt cht
khong v nit thp, hm lng thnh phn
xenluloza cao. n: moorland peat; moor peat;
sphagnum peat; bog peat; moss peat.
high plain [6904] : ng bng vng cao, cao
nguyn, ng bng cao.
Vng t rng ln tng i bng phng v
cch xa mc nc bin, v d: ng bng bao
la Hoa K trn cao 600m, dc theo sn
ng ca dy ni .
high quartz [6905] : thch anh cao nhit.
Thch anh thnh to nhit cao.
high-rank graywacke [6906] : graywack
giu feldspar.
Thut ng ch loi graywack giu
feldspar (20%), thng l plagioclas natri.
high-tensile bolt [6907] : bu lng cng
cao.
294
high tide [6908] : thy triu mc cao nht.
n: high water.
high water [6909] : mc nc cao nht ca l;
mc thy triu cao nht.
n: high tide.
high-water platform [6910] : thm sng v,
nn sng v.
Thm sng v hoc nn pht trin trn mt
gc nhng thp hn mc triu dng cao.
hilairite [6911] : hilairit.
Khong vt h ba phng:
Na2 ZrSi3O9.3H2O.
hilgardite [6912] : hilgardit.
Khong vt: Ca2B5ClO8(OH)2.
hill [6913] : vng i, vng g, i, g, thung
lng cao.
1- B mt c nng cao hn so vi xung
quanh, thng c nh trn v cao ti 300 m
(t chn i ti nh i).
2- B mt t nng cao mt vng t kh
bng phng.
3- Khu vc c nhiu i hay tp hp i,
dy i.
4- M t hay im cao c a hnh g gh.
hill creep [6914] : trt l i.
S chuyn ng chm ca sn i dc do
nh hng ca trng trng, t tri xung
phn thp, trng, thung lng. y l yu t
quan trng ph hoi sn i trong qu trnh
t gy nh vng ni Alps.
hillebrandite [6915] : hilebrandit.
Khong vt mu trng: Ca2SiO3(OH)2.
hill peat [6916] : than bn vng i.
Loi than bn cc vng c kh hu lnh,
n i, c ngun gc t cc loi Ru, Thch
nam, Thng v cc dng thc vt khc.
n: subalpine peat.
hinge [6917] : b bn l.
Cc cu trc vng lng pht huy chc
nng khi cc mnh v Thn mm hai mnh m
ra hoc khp li, nht l mi ni bng dy
chng co gin c.
hinge area [6918] : din bn l.
Din phng nm ngay mp ca bn l Tay
cun hay Thn mm hai mnh; din tch lin
quan n b bn l v Ostracoa thng chia
thnh phn trc v phn sau.
hinge line [6919] : ng bn l.
ng dc theo c s khp nhau gia
hai mnh v ng v m v. Thut ng ny
i khi c dng nh mt t ng ngha ca
trc bn l.
hinge plate [6920] : phin bn l.
Phin bng cht v mang rng bn l
Thn mm hai mnh, nm bn di nh trong
mt mt phng song song vi mt khp; mt
phin lin hoc x cnh, nm gn song song
vi mt phng gia hai mnh v ca Tay cun
dc theo ng bn l v bn trong mnh
lng, ni lin vi nn mc tay.
hinge tooth [6921] : rng bn l.
Mu khp ca mt mnh v Thn mm hai
mnh nm gn ng bn l, khp vo mt hc
tng ng nm mnh i din, c tc dng
gi cc mnh v v tr nht nh khi chng
khp li; mt hay mt i mu hnh nm nm
y khe tam gic ca mnh bng v Tay cun
v khp vo ti rng ca mnh lng.
hinge trough [6922] : rnh bn l.
Rnh hnh ch V hay ch U do s lin kt
ca vch gia vi nn mc tay to thnh v
Tay cun Terebratellacea.
hingganite (Yb) [6923] : hinganit (Yb).
Khong vt: (Yb,Y)BeSiO4(OH).
hinsdalite [6924] : hinsdalit.
Khong vt khi h thoi mu xm-en hoc
xanh nht: (Pb,Sr)Al3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6, ng
hnh vi svanbergit, corkit v wudhuseit.
hintzeite [6925] : hintzeit.
n: kaliborite.
hiortdahlite [6926] : hiortdanlit.
Khong vt h ba nghing mu vng nht:
(Ca,Na)3ZrSi2O7(O,OH,F)2.
HIS [6927] :
Biu din nh thng qua sc (HUE),
tp trung (saturation) v cng (intensity)
trong mt h trc ta tr: cng l trc
thng ng z, sc l gc v tp trung l
bn knh r.
hisingerite [6928] : hisingerit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu en hoc
en xm nht: Fe2+3Si2O5(OH)4.2H2O.
hislopite [6929] : hislopit.
Calcit mu xanh c sng, mu ny l do hn
hp vi glauconit.
histogram [6930] : biu hnh ct.
1- Loi biu dng ct ng, th hin c
im tn s phn b ht trong cc trm tch.
2- Trong th ct nhiu ngn, y l vic
t cc ct gn nhau gy n tng v s
khc nhau ca cc khon mc d liu trong
nhiu ngn. Bng cch xp chng d liu trong
mt ct c th nhn mnh phn ng gp ca
mi mc d liu. Bng cch t cc ct cnh
nhau, ngi xem d so snh cc t l tng
quan ca mt mc d liu khi mc thay i
t ct ny sang ct khc.
historical geomorphology [6931] : a mo
295
lch s.
Mt nhnh ca a mo c lin quan n
mt lot s kin trong mt thi k a cht
mt vng a l nht nh - a mo lch s.
hjelmite [6932] : hjelmit.
Khong vt: AB2O6 hoc A2B3O10, trong
A = Y,Fe+2,U+4, Mn hoc Ca v B = Nb, Ta, Sn
hoc W. C th ng ha tr vi pyroclor +
tapiolit.
hoarfrost [6933] : sng mui.
Sng b ng bng di dng tinh th,
hnh thnh khi nhit di 0oC. n: frost.
hocartite [6934] : hocartit.
Khong vt h bn phng: Ag2FeSnS4.
hodgkinsonite [6935] : hodgkinsonit.
Khong vt mu hng nht n nu vng
nht: MnZn2SiO5.H2O.
hodrushite [6936] : hodrushit.
Khong vt: Cu4Bi6O11.
Hoek Brown empirical strength (failure)
criterion [6937] : tiu chun sc bn (ph
hy) thc nghim ca Hoek-Brown.
hoelite [6938] : hoelit.
Khong vt mu vng: C14H8O2.
hoernesite [6939] : hoernesit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu trng:
Mg3(AsO4)2.8H2O.
hofmannite [6940] : hofmanit.
n: hastite.
hog wallou [6941] : thung lng lng cho,
vng nc.
1- Mt t c c trng bi s ni lin
cc i nh hoc cc m t trn, thp to
thnh cc min trng c hnh chu hay vng
nh.
2- Vng nc do tru dm mnh.
hogback [6942] : dy ni sng tru.
Dy ni bt k c nh nhn, sn dc v
nghing hai bn sn gn nh nhau, trng ta
sng lng tru. Kiu nh nhn ny c thnh
to do qu trnh xm thc phn d cc c
bn c hc khc nhau.
hogbomite [6943] : hogbomit.
Khong vt mu en:
(Mg,Fe)2(Al,Ti)5O16.
hogs back [6944] : dy ni sng tru.
Cch vit khc ca hogbeck, hogsbeck.
hohmannite [6945] : hohmanit.
Khong vt: Fe2(SO4)2(OH)2.7H2O.
holdenite [6946] : holdenit.
Khong vt h thoi mu :
(Mn,Zn)6(AsO4)(OH)5O2.
hole [6947] : h, thung lng c; nt trng (kv).
Thut ng ch thung lng c xanh, tng
i thng min i ni. Mt h st, hang hay
ch hng trn mt t; ch su, h su sng
sui. X: vacancy.
hollandite [6948] : holandit.
Khong vt mu xm bc n en:
Ba(Mn+2,Mn+4)3O16, ng cu trc vi
coronadit v cryptomelan.
hollingworthite [6949] : holingworthit.
Khong vt: (Rh,Pt,Pd)AsS.
hollow [6950] : ch trng, rnh, hm ni.
1- Di t thp c ni hay i bao quanh.
2- Hm ni, khe ni hoc o.
3- Kiu a hnh thp nh hang, h st,
i vng.
hollow cylinder test [6951] : th nghim vi
mu hnh ng.
Mt bin th ca th nghim nn ba trc i
xng. Ngi ta khoan chnh tm bn trong mt
li khoan hnh tr to nn mt mu hnh ng.
Gia ti c th t bn trong, bn ngoi ng hoc
dc trc, t c th nghin cu nhiu trng
thi v qu o ng sut nh bin dng phng
dc trc (axial plane strain), tng hoc gim
ng sut trung bnh cho n khi gy v, kt
hp cc trng thi ko, ct v nn, v.v.. Tuy
nhin, cn xc nh phn b ng sut trn c
s l thuyt n hi, phn b ng sut nhn
chung khng ng nht tr khi thnh ng
mng v l loi ht mn. Ngoi ra, vic xc
nh thi im ph hy tng i kh, dn n
kh khn trong x l kt qu.
holmium [6952] : holmi (Ho).
Nguyn t ha hc s 67, nguyn t lng
164,9303; t trng 8,795 g/cm3, thuc nhm
kim loi nng, REE, lithophil, c 1 ng v bn
v 47 ng v khng bn. Hm lng Ho trong
v lc a trn l 0,62 ppm. Cc khong vt
tiu biu l monazit v bastnaezit. Phng
php phn tch: ICP-MS. Dng trong
ngnh in.
holmquistite [6953] : holmquistit.
Khong vt h thoi mu xanh nht-en
thuc nhm amphibol:
(Na,K,Ca)Li(Mg,Fe)3Al2Si8O22(OH)
quan h vi anthophylit.
holoaxial [6954] : ton trc.
n: holohedral.
Holocene [6955] : Holocen (th, thng).
Th ca k Th t, sau Pleistocen, tui
khong 12 000 nm trc y tng ng vi
thng Holocen. Khi k Th t c coi l i
th Holocen c coi l mt k.
Holocephali [6956] : C ton u.
Mt phn lp ca C sn, ch gm c b C
qui (Chimaeriformes). n: ratfish.
296
holochroal eye [6957] : mt phc ton mc.
Mt phc ca B ba thy gm nhiu thu
knh, nhn mt k nhau c ph bng mt
gic mc chung. n: compound eye.
holoclastic rock [6958] : holoclastic.
Loi trm tch mnh vn phn bit vi
vn ngun ni la.
holohedral [6959] : ton mt.
Lp tinh th c kh nng i xng cc i
trong mi h tinh th. n: holosystematic;
holosymmetric; holoaxial.
holohedron [6960] : ton mt.
Mt s dng tinh th trong lp ton mt ca
h kt tinh.
holokarst [6961] : karst nguyn, karst trn
vn.
Karst pht trin rt hon thin trong vi
phn lp dy, rt t hoc khng c thot nc
b mt, b mt thong thung lng v hang.
holomictic lake [6962] : h nc hn hp.
H hon ton b pha trn nc trong qu
trnh lu thng, h b o ln.
holostomatous [6963] : c ming lin vnh.
V Chn bng c vnh ming lin, khng b
rnh siphon lm cho gin on.
holostratotype [6964] : holostratotyp, chun
a tng (mt ct chun) nguyn thu.
Chun a tng do tc gi ch nh ln u
tin khi xc lp mt phn v a tng hay ranh
gii a tng.
holostrome [6965] : holostrom, phn v
hon ho.
Thut ng c dng ch mt phn v
thi a tng biu th ng lng thi gian
lin tc ca t hp trm tch bin tin-bin li,
bao gm c nhng tng m sau c th b mt i
do bo mn.
holosymmetric [6966] : holosymetric.
n: holohedral.
holosystematic [6967] : holosystematic.
n: holohedral.
holothuroid [6968] : Hi sm (Holothuroidea).
ng vt Da gai hnh tr, thng sng t
do, thuc mt lp c trng l khng c v c
khp v cc yu t khung xng gim thoi
thnh nhng gai xng li ti, chng hn
Hi sm.
holotomous [6969] : tay ton phn.
Tay Hu bin c trng bng s phn chia
mi phin tay lin tip nhau; in hnh l tay
dng lng chim.
holotype [6970] : bn chun.
Mu duy nht hoc yu t khc c tc gi
ch nh nh mt mu chun du php m t
mt loi mi.
Holsteinian [6971] : Holstein.
Bc bo t phn v a tng kh hu Bc
u. Pleistocen trung (nm trn Elster, nm
di Saal). Tng ng v thi gian vi bng
h Mindel.
holtedahlite [6972] : holtedahlit.
Khong vt: Mg2 PO4 (OH), cha Mg tng
t vi saterlyit v lng hnh vi althausit.
holtite [6973] : holtit.
Khong vt quan h vi dumortierit:
(Al,Sb,Ta)7(B,Si)4O18.
homalozoan [6974] : Da gai khng ta tia
(Homalozoa).
ng vt Da gai thuc mt phn ngnh c
trng l khng c s i xng ta tia, v c
bn c c th khng i xng. Phn ngnh bao
gm cc dng Qu bin (Carpoidea) v c th
c lp Machaeridia.
homeochilidium [6975] : phin y khe lng.
Phin hnh tam gic cong li ra pha ngoi
che kn gn ht, hoc ch phn nh ca khe
lng Tay cun, b thuc Paterinida.
homeodeltidium [6976] : phin y khe
tam gic.
Phin hnh tam gic cong li ra pha ngoi
che kn gn ht, hoc ch phn nh ca khe
tam gic Tay cun thuc Paterinida.
homeomorph [6977] : ng hnh (kv).
Tinh th th hin ng hnh vi loi khc.
homeomorphic [6978] : ng hnh; tnh ng
hnh (kv).
1-(cs) Thn Hu bin gm cc thn ging
nhau v kch thc v hnh dng.
2-Dt: homeomorphism.
homeomorphism [6979]:hin tng ng hnh.
Kh nng ca cht kt tinh khc nhau v
thnh phn ha hc v kin trc nhng to ra
nhng dng tinh th ng hnh.
homeomorphous [6980] : tnh ng hnh.
Dt: homeomorphism.
homeomorphy [6981] : hin tng ng hnh.
Hin tng theo cc loi c s ging
nhau v b ngoi, cc chi tit cu trc li
khng ging nhau. Thut ng ny i khi c
dng nh "s tin ha hi t". ng nhm vi
"hin tng ng dng (homomorphy)".
homilite [6982] : homilit.
Khong vt mu en hoc mu nu-en
nht: Ca2(Fe,Mg)B2Si2O10.
homocoelous [6983] : ng khoang.
Bt bin m cc phng c lng roi cng l
nhng khoang bt bin, c th l thuc dng
bt bin ti c gai carbonat calci.
297
homocspore [6984] : ng bo t.
Bo t ca mt loi cy c phi ch sinh ra
mt loi bo t: c hoc ci. Tui: Silur n
Holocen.
homogeneous [6985] : ng nht.
t nn ng nht, t nn bao gm mt
lp t c cc c tnh ging nhau.
homogeneous equilibrium [6986] : cn bng
ng nht.
S cn bng trong h ch cha mt pha lng
hoc kh. Ss: heterogeneous equiluibrium.
homogeneous zones [6987] : i ng nht.
homogenization temperature [6988] : nhit
ng ha.
Nhit m pha lng v pha kh trong
bao th bin thnh mt pha khi nung n nhit
xc nh.
homoiolithic [6989] : ton iolit.
Loi trm tch cha cc mnh vn t vt
liu tng t nhau hoc hnh thnh t hai
loi vt liu ging nhau, c cu to th hin
s bc mn v ti phn b ng thi.
homomorphosis [6990] : ti sinh ng dng.
S ti sinh ca mt b phn sinh vt c
dng ging vi b phn b mt i.
homomorphy [6991] : hin tng ng dng.
Hin tng ging nhau v hnh thc b
ngoi ca cc thnh vin thuc cc ngnh khc
nhau, v d: Trai ui nga (Hippuritacea)
thuc Thn mm hai mnh ging San h.
homosporous [6992] : ng bo t.
c trng bi tnh ng bo t.
homospory [6993] : tnh ng bo t.
Tnh sinh sn ra mt loi bo t ca
thc vt.
honessite [6994] : honesit.
Khong vt c gc sulfat st v nickel.
honeycomb structure [6995] : kt cu dng t
ong.
hongquiite [6996] : hongquiit.
Khong vt h lp phng: TiO.
hongshiite [6997] : hongshiit.
Khong vt h su phng: PtCu.
hook [6998] : khc un li cu; mc.
1- (m) Mi chn ct sn hay mi t quay
u nhn v pha t lin, trng ging li cu;
Khc un cong u hoc cong nhn ca
sng sui.
2- (cs) Gai xng ca ng vt dng Hi
sm (Holothuroidea) dng li cu, gm mt
mt, mt t ng v mt mi nhn.
hook valley [6999] : thung lng c sng nhnh
hnh mc cu.
Hooke's law [7000] : nh lut Hooke.
nh lut qui nh v quan h tuyn tnh
gia ng sut v bin dng ca vt th, khi vt
th b tc dng lc. c s dng nghin
cu trng sng a chn trong thm d
a chn.
hope [7001] : thung lng kn, mnh t nh.
1- Thut ng Anh ( vng Scotland) ch
thung lng kn, nh; hoc thung lng ni bt
ngun t thung lng ln hn. Thng thng
c hnh trn v c sng chy qua.
2- Vng t trng trt nh c m ly
bao quanh.
hopeite [7002] : hopeit.
Khong vt h thoi mu xm:
Zn3(PO4)2.4H2O, lng hnh vi parahopeit.
hopper crystal [7003] : tinh th dng phu.
Tinh th lp phng ca mui, trong cc
mt lp phng pht trin hn cc cnh, nn
trung tm cc mt b nn xung c dng phu.
horizon [7004] : tng.
B mt nm ngang c mt v tr c bit
c xc nh trong mt phn v a tng,
thng l nhng lp rt mng c trng. C
cc loi sinh tng; thch tng; thi tng.
horizon A [7005] : tng A.
Tng trn cng ca y i dng c tnh
phn x.
horizon B [7006] : tng B.
Tng thp nht ca y i dng c tnh
phn x.
horizon beta (() [7007] : tng .
Tng trung gian nm gia tng A v B ca
y i dng c tnh phn x.
horizontal axis [7008] : trc s nm ngang.
Trc nm ngang trong h trc ta
Decartes.
horizontal displacement [7009] : chuyn v
ngang.
horizontal drains [7010] : cng, rnh, ng
thot nc nm ngang.
horizontal force on a roof prism [7011] : lc
tc ng theo chiu ngang ln mt khi lng
tr trn vm mi (hm, l).
horizontal stress [7012] : ng sut theo
chiu ngang.
X: stress.
horn book [7013] : ti liu hng dn c bn.
n: guide book.
horn coral [7014] : san h hnh sng.
Loi san h sng n th c hnh th dng
sng ngn.
hornblende [7015] : hornblend.
1- Khong vt ph bin nht trong nhm
amphibol:
298
 (Ca, Na)2-3 (Mg, Fe+2, Fe+3, Al)5 (Al, Si)8 O22
(OH)2, c thnh phn thay i v c th cha
kali v fluorin. Hornblend c mu en, mu
xanh-en, hoc mu nu, tinh th h n
nghing, dng ng, si hoc dng ht.
Hornblend l thnh phn nguyn sinh ca
magma acid v trung tnh (granit, syenit, diorit,
andesit) v c t hn trong magma basic, l
khong vt bin cht ph bin trong gneis v
phin. K hiu l Ho.
2- Thut ng i khi c s dng (c bit
ngi c) ch khong vt nhm amphibol.
Thut ng "Hornblende" l tn c c ch
tinh th hnh lng tr ti mu, tm thy cng
vi qung kim loi, nhng n khng phi l
qung. n: hornstone.
hornblende andesite [7016] : andesit
hornblend.
Andesit cha nhiu hornblend.
n: hungarite.
hornblende gabbro [7017] : gabro hornblend.
Trong bng phn loi ca IUGS l xm
nhp tha mn nh ngha ca gabro, trong
pl/(pl+hbl+px) gia 10 v 90 v px/(pl+hbl+px)
nh hn 5.
hornblende hornfels facies [7018] : tng
sng hornblend.
T hp (tng) khong vt bin cht m
trong basic c hornblend + plagioclas,
khng c epidot v almandin. T hp pelit c
mica i km vi andalusit, cordierit hoc
silimanit him hn c almandin v staurolit,
khng c kyanit. Tng c trng mc
trung bnh ca bin cht tip xc nhit thuc
kiu Abukuma hoc Buchan. p sut nh hn
4000 bar, nhit 400o- 650oC.
n: cordierite-amphibolite facies.
hornblende peridotite [7019] : peridotit
hornblend.
Trong bng phn loi ca IUGS, l xm
nhp vi M 90, ol/(ol+hbl+px) gia 40 v 90
v px/(ol+hbl+px) nh hn 5.
hornblende pyroxenite [7020] : pyroxenit
hornblend.
Trong bng phn loi ca IUGS, l xm
nhp c M 90, ol/(ol+hbl+px) nh hn 5 v
px/(px+hbl) gia 50 v 90.
hornblende schist [7021] : phin
hornblend.
bin cht dng phin v nguyn tc cha
hornblend, rt t hoc khng c thch anh,
khng ging amphibolit, khng nht thit phi
c plagioclas.
hornblendite [7022] : hornblendit.
1- Trong bng phn loi ca IUGS, l
xm nhp vi M 90 v hbl/(hbl+px+ol) > 90.
2- magma hu nh ch c hornblend.
Mt s tc gi nh ngang bng mt cch
khng chnh xc hornblendit vi bin
cht amphibolit.
hrnesite [7023] : hornesit.
n: hoernesite.
hornfels [7024] : sng.
ht nh c khm cc ht ng thc
khng nh hng in hnh cho bin cht tip
xc nhit. Ban bin tinh hoc tn d ban bin
tinh c th c mt trong khi ht bin tinh c
trng.
hornfels facies [7025] : tng sng.
Thut ng khng cht ch ch iu kin
vt l hoc t hp khong vt thnh to bi
bin cht tip xc nhit xy ra su nh
trong v Tri t. Bao gm tng: sng-albit-
epidot, sng-hornblend, sng-pyroxen, v
sanidinit.
hornstone [7026] : hornston.
1- Chalcedon c st, rn, dn.
2- Tn c ca hornblend.
horny sponge [7027] : Bt bin sng
(Euceratosa).
Bt bin thuc mt nhm c gai, nhng c
mt khung xng bng cht xp.
horseshoe dune [7028] : cn ct, n ct
mng nga.
n: barchan; barkhan.
horseshoe lake [7029] : h mng nga.
H t lng thung lng c dng
mng nga.
horseshoe reef [7030] : di ngm dng
mng nga (m tiu dng mng nga).
Di ngm hnh mng nga, pht trin t
di ngm hoc trn cao nguyn ngm,
song song vi hng sng chnh trong vng.
Cc mu nhn thun chiu gi v phn trong
thng c t thc vt pht trin.
horsfordite [7031] : horsfordit.
Khong vt mu trng bc: Cu5Sb.
hortonolite [7032] : hortonolit.
Khong vt nhm olivin:
(Fe,Mg,Mn)2SiO4, l loi fayalit cha
magnesi v mangan.
hoshiite [7033] : hoshiit.
Loi magnesit cha nickel.
host rock [7034] : vy quanh.
vy quanh cc loi khc hoc trong
c cc thn qung. V d xm nhp c
cha xenolith ( t), hoc bt k mt loi
no cha cc thn qung. Thng c trng
299
hn so vi thut ng country rock ( vy
quanh).
hot dry rock [7035] : kh nng.
Nhng nm su trong v Tri t
(thng trn 10 km) c nung nng bi
ngun nhit t lng t n nhit trn
150oC. Vit tt: HDR.
hot spot [7036] : im nng, hot pot.
hot spring [7037] : mch nc nng.
X: thermal spring.
howieite [7038] : howieit.
Khong vt:
Na(Fe,Mn)10(Fe,Al)2Si12O31(OH)13.
howiite [7039] : howiit.
Khong vt dng t: Ca2B5SiO9(OH)5.
hsianghualite [7040] : hsianghualit.
Khong vt ng thc:
Ca3Li2Be3(SO4)3F2.
HUE [7041] : k thut nh s HUE.
V mt k thut nh s HUE tng ng
vi di bc sng ca mu.
huebnerite [7042] : huebnerit.
Khong vt mu nu nht n en ca
lot wolframit, ng dng ferberit, c th cha
n 20% tungstat st.
huemulite [7043] : huemulit.
Khong vt h ba nghing:
Na4MgV10O28.24H2O.
hugelite [7044] : hugelit.
Khong vt th sinh mu nu n mu vng
cam: Pb2(UO2)3(AsO4)2(OH)4.3H2O.
huhnerkobelite [7045] : huhnerkobelit.
Khong vt: (Na2,Ca)(Fe+2Mn+2)2(PO4)2.
hulsite [7046] : hulsit.
Khong vt mu en:
(Fe+2,Mg)2(Fe+3,Sn)(BO3)O2.
hum [7047] : ni st karst.
Thut ng bt ngun t mt thnh ph cng
tn c Karst Nam Phi. n: karst tower.
human induced geohazards [7048] : tai bin
a cht nhn to.
Nhng tai bin a cht do tc ng ca
nhng hot ng nhn sinh nh ng t kch
thch, st ln mt t do khai thc nc di
t, nhim nc di t do phng x cht
thi c hi. n: man-made geohazards.
human paleontology [7049] : c nhn
loi hc.
Mt ngnh c sinh lin quan n vt mu
ha thch v s tin ha ca ngi c v t tin
gn nht ca n.
humatipore [7050] : l i vch ngoi.
ng vt Phao bin (Cystoidea), l i
vch ngoi phin i n c rnh phc hp
cht vi. Nhng cht ny chuyn cht lng vo
khoang c th th v gp h
(Holocystitidae).
humatirhomb [7051] : l thoi vch ngoi.
ng vt Phao bin (Cystoidea), cu trc
l vch ngoi c rnh vch calci ha ko di
qua ng khu gia cc phin ai lin k.
Nhng rnh ny chuyn cht lng vo khoang
c th th v gp lin h Caryocystitidea.
humberstonite [7052] : humberstonit.
Khong vt:
Na7K3Mg2(SO4)6(NO3)2.6H2O. n: loeweite.
humboldtine [7053] : humboldtin.
Khong vt: FeC2O4.2H2O, dng mao dn
hoc dng chm nho trong than mu nu v
phin st mu en. n: humboldtite;
oxalite.
humboldtite [7054] : humboldtit.
n: datolite; humboldtine.
humic [7055] : mn, c mn.
C ngun gc t mn.
humic acid [7056] : acid mn, acid hu c.
Cht hu c c tnh acid, mu en, c
chit tch t t, than nhn thp, v cc loi
cy c phn r khc bi cc cht kim. Khng
tan trong acid v cc dung mi hu c khc.
humic cannel coal [7057] : than dng nn,
than gi nn.
n: pseudocannel coal.
humic coal [7058] : than humit; than mn cy.
Loi than thnh to t than bn do qu trnh
mn ho.
n: cahemolith; chameolith; humulith;
humus coal; humulite; humolite; humolith.
humid room [7059] : phng m.
Phng bo dng mu t duy tr mt
m c nh theo yu cu k thut.
humid zone [7060] : i m.
i c lng ma ln hn bc hi.
humidity [7061] : m.
Hm lng hi nc trong khng kh, hm
lng nc trong t.
humification [7062] : s ha mn.
Qu trnh to mn hoc acid humic ch yu
do oxy ha t t. Tt: humified.
humin [7063] : humin.
n: ulmin.
huminite [7064] : huminit.
- Mt nhm hp phn hu c trong than nu
cha mn (humic) c thnh to ch yu t
cht g (lignin) v selulos (ICCP, 1971).
Chng c phn bit di knh nh phn
x trung bnh v c mu vng pht nu n nu
pht trong nh sng thu quang. Chng
300
chnh l tin thn ca nhm vitrinit trong than
cha bitum.
- Loi bitum b oxy ha ging nh than nu
tm thy trong mch pegmatit granit
Thy in.
humite [7065] : humit.
1- n: humic coal.
2- (kv) Khong vt h thoi mu trng, vng
nu hoc Mg7 Si3 O12 (F, OH). Thnh thong
cha mt lng Fe ng k v c tm thy Do sn dc m t trng thng b ra tri i
n trong vt liu chu la; L nhm khong vt
ng hnh silicat - Mg lun lun cha F v
ging nhau v thnh phn ha hc, tnh cht
vt l v qu trnh kt tinh. Gm c olivin,
humit, clinohumit, chondrodit, v norbergit.
hummerite [7066] : humerit.
Khong vt: K Mg V5 O14 .8H2O.
humocoll [7067] : humocol.
Vt liu mn ca thang phn loi than bn.
N l bc th hai trong lot than mn cy
(humolith).
humodil [7068] : humodil.
Than mn cy ca thang phn loi lignit. L
bc th ba trong lot than mn cy.
humodite [7069] : humodit.
Than mn cy ca thang phn loi na
bitum. L bc th t trong lot than mn cy.
humogelite [7070] : humogelit, than keo mn.
n: ulmin.
humolite [7071] : humolit.
n: humic coal.
humolith [7072] : humolith.
n: humic coal.
humolith series [7073] : lot than mn cy.
Vt liu mn v than theo th bc ca thang
bin cht: humopel, humocol, humodil,
humodit, humanthracon, humanthracit.
humonigritite [7074] : humonigritit.
Mt loi nigritit c trong trm tch.
humopel [7075] : humopel.
Vt cht hu c hoc ulmin ca than mn
cy. Thuc bc th nht trong lot than
mn cy.
humosapropelic series [7076] : lot st than
bn thi, lot humosapropelit.
Vt cht hu c v than trung gian gia lot
than mn cy v lot st bn thi, u th l
than mn cy.
humosite [7077] : humosit.
Thnh phn ca torbanit di hnh hin vi
mu pht nu ti, trong m v ng hng.
humpy [7078] : i bng tch nh, humpy.
i bng tch nh vi st ln tung tm.
humulite [7079] : humulit.
n: humic coal.
humulith [7080] : humulith.
n: humic coal.
Humult [7081] : Humult.
Mt ph nhm ca nhm t Utisol trong
bng phn loi t ca B Nng nghip Hoa
K, c trng bi hm lng cc cht hu c-
carbon cao. Phn b ch yu nhng vng ni
c lng ma cao nhng khng u theo ma.
cc tng trn mt, l ra tng argilit di.
humus [7082] : mn.
Phn cht hu c sm mu, tng i bn
trong t, phn r hon ton ti mc khng
th xc nh c ngun gc ban u. i khi
thut ng c s dng khng chnh xc ch
ton b lng cht hu c trong t, k c phn
cha b phn r nhiu. n: soil ulmin.
humus coal [7083] : than mn cy.
n: humic coal.
humus layer [7084] : tng (lp) t mn.
hungarite [7085] : hungarit.
T ng ngha khng cn dng ca andesit
hornblend. Xut x t Hungary.
hungchaoite [7086] : hungchaoit.
Khong vt: Mg B4 O7.9H2O.
hungry [7087] : vng ngho qung, t
bc mu.
- Vng ngho qung, hoc v mt a cht
cho php d bo c hm lng qung rt thp.
- t bc mu, ngho hoc khng c cht
dinh dng.
huntite [7088] : huntit.
Khong vt mu trng: Ca Mg3(CO3)4.
hurdled ore [7089] : qung phn tn.
hureaulite [7090] : hureaulit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
Mn5(PO4)2[PO3(OH)]2.4H2O
Tinh th lng tr hoc dng khi mu nu,
nht hoc xm.
hurlbutite [7091] : hurlbutit.
Khong vt: CaBe2(PO4)2.
Huronian [7092] : Huron.
Phn v a tng Proterozoi Canada.
hurricane [7093] : lc xoy (bo xoy
nhit i).
Bo lc vi tc gi xoy vt 73
dm/gi (118km/gi), ti a c th t ti 200
dm/gi (320km/gi), thng xy ra min v
thp hu ht cc i dng, tr nam i
Ty Dng v ng nam Thi Bnh Dng.
Lc xoy ngoi sc tn ph khc lit do gi
bo cn lm dng mc thy triu gy lt ln,
thit hi nng n.
301
hurricane delta [7094] : chu th xoy.
Chu th c hnh thnh ti vng bin do
sng bin c bo hay khi sng nhit i mang
ct vo lng ng.
hurricane surge [7095] : sng lng do
gi xoy.
Sng lng do nh hng ca bo nhit i
ven b bin. n: storm surge; storm wave.
hurricane tide [7096] : triu cng.
1- Sng lng do nh hng ca bo nhit
i ven b.
2- Chiu cao ca sng lng do nh hng
ca bo nhit i trn mc d bo kh tng.
hurricane wave [7097] : sng do gi xoy.
n: storm surge; storm wave.
hutchinsonite [7098] : hutchinsonit.
Khong vt h thoi, mu ti n anh
o m: (Pb,Tl)2(Cu,Ag)As5S10.
huttonite [7099] : hutonit.
Khong vt h n nghing khng mu n
mu crem nht: ThSiO4, ng hnh vi thorit v
ng cu trc vi monazit.
Huygen's principle [7100] : nguyn l
Huygen.
Nguyn l c s dng trong a chn
xc nh v tr v hnh dng ca mt sng
nhng thi im khc nhau trong mi trng
khi cho trc v tr v hnh dng ca mt sng
nhng thi im trc .
hyaline [7101] : hyalin; trong sut (cs).
1- Khong vt v nh hnh.
2- Vch ngoi trong sut nh thy tinh hoc
c cu trc mn trong sut ca Trng l.
hyalophane [7102] : hyalophan.
Khong vt h n nghing khng mu
thuc nhm feldspar:
(K,Ba)Al(Al,Si)3O8, c thnh phn trung
gian gia celsian v orthoclas.
hyalosponge [7103] : Bt bin trong sut
(Hyalospongia).
Bt bin thuc mt lp c trng ch yu
bng mt khung xng gm nhng gai silic
su tia, khng c carbonat calci hoc cht bt
bin. n: haxctinellid, glass sponge.
hyalotekite [7104] : hyalotekit.
Khong vt mu trng hoc xm:
(Pb,Ca,Ba)4BSi6O17(OH,F).
hybrid computational schemes [7105] : s
tnh ton kt hp.
Gia hai phng php s tr, v d phn t
hu hn v phn t bin, nhm pht huy c
nhng u im v gim bt nhc im ca
mi phng php, gp phn lm cho cng vic
tnh ton nhanh, hiu qu hn.
hydrargillite [7106] : hydrargilit.
1- Gibsit.
2- Tn thng dng cho khong vt cha
alumin, gm aluminit, wavelit v turquois.
hydrate [7107] : hydrat.
Hp cht khong vt ca sn phm hydrat,
trong nc c trong thnh phn ha hc ca
khong vt.
hydration water [7108] : nc thy phn.
hydraulic conductivity [7109] : dn thy
lc.
Tnh cht ca mi trng xp (l hng) bo
ha c xc nh bng quan h nh lut
Darcy gia lu lung n v v gradient p lc
gy ra s vn ng. n: permeability.
hydraulic diaphragm transducers [7110] :
b chuyn i da trn nguyn l mng chn
thy lc.
hydraulic fill [7111] : khi t p thy lc.
Khi t p c tc dng cn bng vi p
lc nc.
hydraulic fill dam [7112] : p t bi.
hydraulic friction [7113] : ma st thy lc.
Lc cn s chy sinh ra mt tip xc gia
dng chy v lng dn gy ra s mt nng
lng cho dng chy.
hydraulic gradient [7114] : gradient thy lc.
gim chiu cao ct nc trn mi n v
khong cch theo hng dng chy.
hydraulic head [hydraul] [7115] : ct
thy lc.
cao mc nc c th dng ln ti mt
im cho trc di tc ng p sut ca tng,
(bn) cha nc.
hydraulic limestone [7116] : vi cha
silic-st.
1- Loi vi khng tinh sch cha silic v
nhm (thng l st) vi hm lng thay i;
2- Loi xi mng b cng li khi ngm di
nc. n: waterlime.
hydraulic mining [7117] : khai thc khong
sn bng sc nc.
hydraulic permeability [7118] : thm
thy lc.
Kh nng ca t cho nc chy qua,
di tc dng ca p sut.
hydraulic plucking [7119] : ph hy thy lc.
Qu trnh xm thc ca sng bng cch bt
tch cc mnh khi nc chy vo cc khe
nt trong lp .
hydraulic pressure cells [7120] : bung,
ngn, gian p sut thy lc.
hydraulic props [7121] : thit b, linh kin,
chi tit thy lc.
302
hydraulic test on preexisting fissures (HTPF
method) [7122] : th nghim bm p nc l
khoan ln cc khe nt sn c.
Phng php HTPF. X: stress measurement.
hydraulics [7123] : thy lc hc.
Ngnh c hc cht lng nghin cu dng
chy ca nc (hoc cht lng khc) trong cc
ng dn nc v sng sui knh h, v.v.
hydroamphibole [7124] : hydroamphibol.
Hn hp ca hornblend v clorit.
hydroastrophyllite [7125] : hydroastrophylit.
Khong vt h ba nghing:
(H3O,K,Ca)3(Fe,Mn)5-6Ti2Si6(O,OH)31, thuc
nhm astrophlit.
hydrobasaluminite [7126] : hydrobasaluminit.
Khong vt c cng thc:
Al4(SO4)(OH)10.36H2O.
hydrobiology [7127] : thy sinh hc.
Sinh hc cc sinh vt trong nc, c bit
trong cc h v cc sinh vt trong nc ngt.
hydrobios [7128] : hydrobiot.
Din tch Tri t c cc sinh vt sng
di nc.
hydrobiotite [7129] : hydrobiotit.
1- Khong vt st mu xanh-sng, trong
t l ca biotit khi tm mt ba v vermiculit
khi tm mt ba bng nhau, xen k iu ha.
2- Thut ng dng u tin cho khong vt
loi mica cha nhiu nc.
hydroboracite [7130] : hydroboracit.
Khong vt mu trng:
CaMgB6O11.6H2O dng khi si hoc phin.
hydrocalcite [7131] : hydrocalcit.
1- Tn khong vt p dng cho thnh phn:
CaCO3.2H2O hoc CaCO3.3H2O.
2- Tn khong vt c Marchner (1969) s
dng cho hp cht monohydrocalcit.
hydrocalumite [7132] : hydrocalumit.
Khong vt khng mu n mu lc nht
cng thc, Ca2Al(OH)7.3H2O.
hydrocarbon [7133] : hydrocarbon.
Vt cht hu c ch c hydro v carbon, c
th cc th kh, lng, rn. Chng c chia ra
cc nhm parafin, cycloparafin, olefin v
aromatic. Du m th l phc hp ch yu ca
hydrocarbon.
hydrocarbroite [7134] : hydrocarbroit.
Khong vt: Al14(CO3)3(OH)36.nH2O.
hydrocerussite [7135] : hydrocerusit.
Khong vt h su phng khng mu:
Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2, l sn phm th sinh bc
mt lp bn ngoi ca ch t sinh v galena.
hydrochloroborite [7136] : hydrocloroborit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
Ca4B8O15Cl2.22H2O.
hydroclast [7137] :
Mt mnh c vn chuyn v lng ng
trong mi trng nc.
hydroclastic rock [7138] : thy vn.
1- Loi trm tch mnh vn c tch t
do tc ng ca nc.
2- Loi b v vn do tc ng ca dng
chy hoc sng v.
3- Loi ngun ni la b v vn trong
qu trnh lm lnh di nc hoc bng .
hydrodolomite [7139] : dolomit ngm nc.
Mt hp to ca hydromagnesit v calcit.
hydrodresserite [7140] : hydrodreserit.
Khong vt: Ba Al2 (CO3)2 (OH)4 .3H2O,
kh nc dng dreserit.
hydrodynamic [7141] : thy ng lc hc (tt).
Dt: hydrodynamics.
hydrodynamic lag [7142] : tr thy ng lc.
hydrodynamic wave [7143] : sng thy ng.
Loi sng mt ging nh sng mt
Rayleigh, c s dng trong a chn (xem
sng mt Rayleigh), song cc ht vt cht ca
mi trng dch chuyn theo qu o ngc li
vi sng Rayleigh.
hydrodynamics [7144] : thy ng lc hc.
Lnh vc thy c hc nghin cu s vn
ng ca cht lng di tc ng ca ngoi lc
v s tng tc c hc gia chng vi cc vt
th tip xc.
hydrofracturing [7145] : th nghim bm p
nc.
Th nghim bm p nc (hoc cht lng
khc) to ra cc khe nt, trn c s o trng
ng sut v mt s tnh cht (nh sc bn, bin
dng) ca t . X: stress measurement.
hydrogarnet [7146] : hydrogranat.
1- Nhm khong vt granat c cng thc
chung: A2B2(SiO4)3-x(OH)4x.
2- Khong vt ca nhm hydrogranat, nh
hydrogrosular.
hydrogen [7147] : hydro (H).
Tn La tinh l hydrogenium. Nguyn t ha
hc s 1, nguyn t lng 1,00797; trng thi
kh, nhm atmophil, biophil, lithophil. Dng
trong sn xut amoniac v metanol, cho tinh
ch bng hydro ha, kh lu hunh cc sn
phm du m v kh qung kim loi oxid.
hydrogen ion concentration [7148] : nng
ion hydro.
Nng ca ion hydro tnh bng gam-ion
trong mt lt dung dch, c biu din theo
n v pH. pH=7 - dung dch c phn ng
trung tnh; pH<7 - dung dch c phn ng acid;
303
pH > 7- dung dch c phn ng kim. X: pH.
hydrogenic rock [7149] : ngun nc.
Loi trm tch c thnh to do tc
ng ca nc. Thut ng ny c gii hn
ch loi hydrolith thun tu ngun gc ho
hc.
hydrogeochemical dispersion haloes [7150] :
vnh phn tn thy a ha.
X: hydrogeochelmical method.
hydrogeochemical method [7151] : phng
php thy a ha.
Da trn c s pht hin vnh phn tn cc
nguyn t ha hc trong nc lin quan cc m
qung, chng c hnh thnh trong qu trnh
phong ha, ra la cc thn qung v vnh
phn tn nham a ha. Nc thin nhin c
kh nng c bit l ha tan phn ln cc
nguyn t ha hc, v vy trong nc ngm v
nc trn mt, khi chy qua vng m thng
c hm lng cao cc nguyn t to qung v
nguyn t i km so vi tr s nn ca chng.
Kt qu hnh thnh vnh phn tn thy a ho.
hydrogeochemistry [7152] : thy a ha hc.
Ha hc nc mt, nc di t c bit l
mi quan h gia thnh phn ha hc nc v
a cht vng, khu vc.
hydrogeological basin [7153] : bn a cht
thy vn.
X: ground water basin.
hydrogeological parameters [7154] : thng
s a cht thy vn.
Nhng thng s c trng cho iu kin a
cht thy vn ca tng cha nc, tham gia vo
vic tnh ton a cht thy vn gm: h s
thm, h s dn nc, h s nh nc, h s
truyn p, h s truyn mc nc, h s thm
xuyn, v.v.
hydrogeologist [7155] : nh a cht thy vn.
hydrogeology [7156] : a cht thy vn, thy
a cht hc.
Khoa hc v nc di t v v s tng
tc gia thy quyn di t vi thch quyn,
kh quyn, sinh quyn v con ngi. a cht
thy vn chuyn nghin cu nhng vn : 1-
Ngun gc hnh thnh nc di t; 2- Tnh
cht vt l, thnh phn ha hc v kh ca nc
di t; 3- S phn b cc tng cha nc
trong v Tri t; 4- S vn ng ca nc
di t; 5- Lch s a cht ca nc di t;
6- S dng nc di t.
hydroglauberite [7157] : hydroglauberit.
Khong vt: Na4Ca(SO4).2H2O.
hydrograph [7158]:biu thy vn, thy .
th biu din s bin i theo thi gian
ca cc yu t thy vn nh lu lng, mc
nc, vn tc dng chy, v.v.
hydrographic basin [7159] : lu vc sng.
1- Lu vc tiu nc ca sng.
2- Khu vc c h v lu vc tiu nc
ca sng.
hydrography [7160] : thy vn hc.
hydrogrossular [7161] : hydrogrosular.
Khong vt nhm hydrogranat:
Ca3Al2(SiO4)3-x(OH)4x, trong x = 1/2.
n: hibshite; plazolite; hydrogrossularite.
hydrohalite [7162] : hydrohalit.
Khong vt: NaCl.2H2O, c hnh thnh
ch t nc mui nhit thp.
hydrohetaerolite [7163] : hydrohetaerolit.
Khong vt mu en: Zn2Mn4O8.H2O (?).
hydrohonessite [7164] : hydrohonesit.
Khong vt nhm pyroaurit:
[Ni8-x+2Fex+3(OH)16][x/2(SO4)-2.yH2O.2NiSO4]
trong x = 2,6 v y =7,0.
hydroid [7165] : dng thy tc (Hydroida).
ng vt Thy tc (Hydrozoa) thuc mt
b trong th h dng polyp (thng l qun
th) l ch yu v khung xng ni chung gm
vt liu dng sng. Tui Cambri n nay.
hydroisobath [7166] : ng ng su
mc nc.
ng ni cc im c cng su ca mt
nc di t tnh t mt t.
hydroisohypse [7167] : ng thy ng cao.
ng ni cc im c cng mt cao
tuyt i ca mt nc di t.
hydroisopiestic line [7168] : ng thy
ng p.
ng ni cc im c cng cao p lc
mc nc ca tng cha nc c p.
hydrokaolin [7169] : kaolin ngm nc.
1- Endellite.
2- Mt bin th dng si ca kaolinit
vng Saglik (Transcaucasia, CHLB Nga).
hydrolith [7170] : thy sinh.
1- Khi nim ch loi c hnh thnh
do s tch t ho hc t dung dch trong nc,
nh mui m, thch cao, v.v.
2- Loi hydroclastic cha cc mnh vn
carbonat.
hydrologic balance [7171]:cn bng thy vn.
hydrologic budget [7172] : kim k thy vn.
S kim k lng nc chy vo, chy ra v
tch tr trong mt n v thy vn nh h cha,
lu vc tiu nc, tng cha nc, mi quan h
vi lng ma, lng bc hi, dng chy v
lng nc tr c biu biu th bng phng
trnh thy vn. n: hydrologic balance; water
balance; water budget.
304
hydrologic cycle [7173] : chu trnh thy vn.
Vng tun hon ca nc trong thin nhin:
t mt nc, mt t bc hi vo kh quyn,
ngng t thnh my, ma, ri xung t, tch
tr trong cc thy vc, ngm vo lng t v
chy ra bin, ri li bc hi vo kh quyn,...
to thnh mt chu trnh khp kn lun chuyn
khng ngng. n: water cycle.
hydrological year [7174] : nm thy vn.
Khong thi gian 12 thng lin tc, bao
trm trn vn mt ma kh (thi k nc kit)
v mt ma ma (thi k nc y) c chn
nghin cu y ng thi ca nc thin
nhin (nc ma, nc mt, nc di t)
trong chu trnh mt nm.
hydrology [7175] : thy vn hc.
Khoa hc nghin cu nc ca Tri t
trng thi lng v rn, cc tnh cht, s tun
hon, s phn b ca nc trn v di b
mt Tri t trong kh quyn, t thi im ma
ri n khi nc chuyn vo kh quyn bng
con ng bc, thot hi hoc chy vo
i dng.
hydrolysis [7176] : thy phn.
hydromagnesite [7177] : hydromagnesit.
Khong vt mu trng dng t:
Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2.4H2O, dng tinh th h
n nghing hoc khi v nh hnh hoc tinh
th dng phn.
hydromagnoilite [7178] : hydromagnoilit.
Thut ng chung cho silicat magnesi
ngm nc.
hydromarchite [7179] : hydromarchit.
Khong vt h bn phng: Sn3 O2 (OH)2.
hydrombobomkulite [7180] : hydrombobom-
kulit.
Khong vt hydrat ng ha tr ca
mbobomkulits.
hydromechanics [7181] : thy c hc.
Lnh vc c hc nghin cu quy lut vn
ng, cn bng ca cht lng v s tng tc
ca n vi cc vt th tip xc.
X: hydrodynamics.
hydrometer [7182] : thy k.
Dng c o trng lng ring ca nc,
t trng cht lng, t trng k, ng th nghim,
dng c th nghim dung trng t v thnh
phn ht t. n: areometer.
hydrometer analysis [7183] : phn tch thnh
phn ht t bng th nghim thy lc.
X: grain size analysis.
hydrometry [7184] : o c thy vn.
1- S s dng thy k o trng lng
ring ca cht lng.
2- S nghin cu dng chy ca nc, c
bit bng s o c.
hydromica [7185] : hydromica.
Mt loi muscovit nhng t n hi hn v
c dng mu m hn, c nh lp lnh v thnh
thong cha t kali carbonat hn v nhiu nc
hn muscovit bnh thng, ngha l khong vt
st-mica, ging sericit nhng lng chit sut
thp hn. n: hydrous mica; ilit.
hydromolysite [7186] : hydromolysit.
Khong vt: FeCl3 .6H2O.
hydromuscovite [7187] : hydromuscovit.
Thut ng dng ch khong vt st
muscovit dng ht nhng khng c lng nc
cao v t kali, n gn nh ilit.
hydronessite [7188] : hydronesit.
Khong vt nhm pyroausit:
[Ni8-x+2Fex+3(OH)16][x/2(SO4)-2.yH2O.2NiSO4]
trong x = 2,6 v y = 7,0.
hydronium [7189] : hydronium.
Khong vt: (H3O)Fe3(SO4)2(OH)6.
Ss: carphosiderite.
hydrophane [7190] : hydrophan.
Loi opal mu trng, vng, nu hoc xanh,
trong hn khi ngm trong nc.
hydrophilite [7191] : hydrophilit.
Khong vt mu trng: CaCl2.
n: clorocalcite.
hydrophone [7192] : my thu a chn bin,
my thu p in.
Loi my thu a chn c s dng trong
a chn bin thu nhn s dao ng p sut
ca lp nc, khi trong nc tn ti sng
a chn.
hydrophyte [7193] : thc vt thy sinh, thc
vt nc.
1- Thc vt mc trong nc di dng trong
nc hoc nh ln khi mt nc.
2- Cy cn c lng nc ln tng
trng. n: hygrophyte.
hydropower [7194] : thy in, thy nng.
V mt hc thut, chnh l thut ng
waterpower, ngha l sc nc, nng lng
nc.
n: waterpower; hydroelectric power (vit
tt l hydropower c ngha l thy in hay
thy nng).
hydrosialite [7195] : hydrosialit.
hydrosilicate [7196] : hydrosilicat.
Bao th fluid trong tinh th cha mt lng
nh silicat c trng cho s kt tinh magma
mun.
hydrosphere [7197] : thy quyn.
Mt quyn ca Tri t bao gm ton b
305
nc mt v nc di t, nht v mn,
dng lng, hi v rn.
hydrospire [7198] : th xon h hp.
Cu trc vi ko di, vch mng, khng gp
np nm pha trong ca vch N bin
(Blastoidea), di v song song vi ra chn
m chc nng ca n r rng l h hp.
hydrospire slit [7199] : khe xon nc.
Khe h theo chiu dc ca th xon h hp
mt vi N bin (Blastoidea) c khe xon h
hnh thnh trn b mt ca phin tam gic v
pha ta tia.
hydrostatic [7200] : thy tnh.
p lc thy tnh ca nc, p lc tnh ca
ct nc trong t.
hydrostatic components of stress [7201] :
thnh phn ng sut thy tnh.
Thnh phn thy tnh ca trng ng sut,
nh nhau theo mi hng.
hydrostatic compression test [7202] : th
nghim nn thy tnh.
Th nghim nn trong c ba ng sut
chnh thnh phn u bng nhau. Khi qu
o ng sut nm dc theo ng cho ca
khng gian ng sut vi 1 = 2 = 3.
cng chc hu nh c th chu c nn p
thy tnh rt ln m khng b gy v. Trong
khi , mt s xp hn nh phn vi,
than xp, lava pumice, ni la phong ha,...
c th b p li do cu trc khung xng ca
chng b ph hy. Do p sut nn p cao, mu
thng c cho vo ng, hp kim loi kn
trc khi vo cht lng ca bung p sut.
Trn mu thng c gn bin dng k xc
nh nn p cng nh thi im chy do
hoc gy v. X: triaxial compression test.
hydrostatic equilibrium [7203] : cn bng
thy tnh.
hydrostatic head [7204] : ct thy tnh.
Chiu cao ca p sut thng ng bng p
sut thy tnh ti mt im cho trc mt ct.
hydrostatic level [7205] : mc thy tnh.
Mc nc trong ging c th dng ln, di
tc dng p sut ca tng cha nc.
hydrostatic pressure [7206] : p lc thy tnh.
p lc sinh ra bi nc ti mt im cho
trc trong mt khi nc trng thi ng
yn. p lc thy tnh ca nc di t hnh
thnh bi trng lng ca nc tng trn,
trong i bo ha.
hydrostatic state of stress [7207] : trng thi
ng sut thy tnh.
Trng thi ng sut khi ng sut thng ng
trn mt mt phng t ti th cn bng.
hydrostatic stress field [7208] : trng ng
sut thy tnh.
hydrostatics [7209] : thy tnh.
Mt lnh vc thy c hc lin quan vi cc
lc to th cn bng.
hydrostratigraphic unit [7210] : n v a
tng thy vn.
t c phm vi phn b ng k v c
cu a cht hp l cho mt h thng thy vn
ring bit.
hydrotalcite [7211] : hydrotalcit.
Khong vt khi thoi mu trng nht:
Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16.4H2O, lng hnh vi
manaseit.
hydrotherapy [7212] : thy liu php, thy
tr liu.
Phng php cha bnh bng nc (ung,
tm, ngm, sc ra, xng bng nc khong,
nc nng,...). n: balneotherapy.
hydrothermal [7213] : nhit dch, thy nhit.
hydrothermal alteration [7214] : bin i
nhit dch.
S bin i ca hoc khong vt do tc
ng ca dung dch nhit dch vi pha rn c
trc.
hydrothermal deposit [7215] : m nhit dch.
c thnh to t dung dch nc nng c
ngun gc magma, pht sinh t s ngng ng
hi nc c gii phng t magma cng vi
hi c thnh phn ha hc khc nhau. Nhit
dung dch nhit dch giao ng t 500oC n
700oC, nhng ni chung nh hn 400oC, p
sut 1 n 3 kilobar. Dung dch nhit dch, mt
phn l dung dch keo di tc ng ca p
sut thm vo khe nt trong ca v Tri t.
c s gim p sut, nhit v xy ra
phn ng ha hc ca cc dung dch nhit dch
vi s thnh to cc khong vt nhit ch. Da
vo iu kin thnh to, v c bn c th chia
ra: .
1- M nhit dch su, nhit cao.
2- M nhit dch su v nhit
trung bnh.
3- M nhit dch nng, nhit thp
(epithermal). Trong mt s cng trnh cn cho
rng mt s m nhit dch c thnh to t
ngun nc trn mt khi ngm xung su c
lm nng ln v lm giu thnh phn qung.
Mt s m nhit dch khc c hnh thnh t
dung dch nhit dch c ngun gc t qu trnh
bin cht.
hydrothermal metamorphism [7216] : bin
cht nhit dch.
Mt kiu bin cht a phng gy ra bi s
thm thu ca dung dch hoc kh nng theo
306
mng khe nt, lm bin i khong vt ca
vy quanh. n: hydrothermal metasomatism.
hydrothermal metasomatism [7217] : bin
cht trao i nhit dch.
n: hydrothermal metamorphism.
hydrothermal processes [7218] : qu trnh
nhit dch.
Qu trnh lin quan vi hot ng magma
km theo nc nng, siu nng, c bit l s
bin i, lp y, thay th trong mi trng
vy quanh.
hydrothermal stage [7219] : giai on
nhit dch.
L mt giai on trong qu trnh ngui lnh
ca magma, trong dung th tn d c lm
giu nc v cc cht d bay hi khc. Gii
hn chnh xc ca giai on nhit dch c
cc tc gi xc nh khc nhau v t hp pha,
nhit , thnh phn, p sut hi. a s cho
rng l giai on cui cng ca hot ng
magma xut hin mun hn v thi gian, nhit
thp hn so vi giai on pegmatit
(pegmatittic stage).
hydrothermal synthesis [7220] : tng hp
nhit dch.
Tng hp nhn to khong vt vi s c mt
ca nc nhit cao.
hydrothermal water [7221] : nc nhit dch.
Nc gn mt t, nhit cao c
ngha v mt a cht hoc thu vn, c th
nng hoc khng nng hn cha n. Bao
gm nc magma v nc bin cht, nc
c lm nng ln bi hot ng phng x
hoc bi nng lng lin quan vi t gy;
nc kh tng ngm xung t t chm chp
tip nhn nhit ca tng ng vi hygroscopic capacity [7234] : kh nng ht
gradient a nhit (a nhit cp) bnh thng
v sau vn ng i ln nhanh chng hn v
gi li c nhit cao hn bnh thng khi
xut l trn mt t; nc kh tng ngm
xung t v c nung nng ln bi cc
xm nhp ang ngui lnh; nc ca mt tng
nc p lc v nc bin, tch lu ti mt khu
vc ca y bin trong vng tun hon
xc nh.
hydrotroilite [7222] : hydrotroilit.
Khong vt keo mu en: FeS .nH2O, to
thnh do vi khun y bin trong trng thi
bin i v hn ch vn chuyn, bin i
nhanh thnh pyrit n nh.
hydrotungstite [7223] : hydrotungstit.
Khong vt: H2WO4 .H2O.
hydrougrandite [7224] : hydrougrandit.
Khong vt nhm granat:
(Ca,Mg,Fe)3(Fe,Al)2(SiO4)3-x(OH)4x.
hydrous mica [7225] : hydro mica.
n: hydromica.
hydroxyl bastnaesite [7226] : hydroxyl-
bastnaesit.
Khong vt mu vng nht n nu m:
(Ce,La)CO3(OH,F).
hydroxyl ellestadite [7227]:hydroxyl elestadit.
Khong vt nhm apatit:
Ca10(SiO4)3(OH,Cl,F)2.
hydroxyl herderite [7228]: hydroxyl herderit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
CaBe(PO4)(OH).
ng hnh vi herderit. n: hydroherdrite.
hydroxylapatite [7229] : hydroxylapatit.
1- Khong vt him ca nhm apatit:
Ca5(PO4)3(OH).
2- Khong vt apatit, trong hydroxid cao
hn, nhiu fluorin v clorin hn so vi apatit.
n: hydroxyapatite.
hydrozincite [7230] : hydrozincit.
Khong vt mu trng, xm nht hoc vng
nht: Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6, khong vt qung th
yu ca km v thnh to i oxy ha ca
m km v l sn phm bin i ca sphalerit.
n: zinc bloom; calamine; earthy calamine.
hydrozoan [7231] : Thy tc (Hydrozoa).
Rut khoang thuc mt lp gm cc i
biu thng sng qun th, chuyn ha hn
Bt bin, v khng c t bo chm nga cng
ng hng.
hygrophilous [7232] : a nc.
Ni v mt c th sng trong mi trng
m t. n: hygrophile, hyglophilic.
hygrophyte [7233] : thc vt a nc.
n: hydrophyte.
m.
n: hygroscopic coefficient.
hygroscopic coefficient [7235] : h s ht m.
T s gia trng lng nc c t
hp ph vi trng lng cc ht cng ca t
. Ht t cng nh (ngha l tng din
tch b mt cc ht cng ln) th lng m hp
ph cng ln. n: hygroscopic capacity.
hygroscopic moisture [7236] : m
hp ph.
Lng hi m cha trong t i thng
kh cn bng vi hi nc trong khng kh.
n: hygroscopic water.
hygroscopicity [7237] : ht m, tnh
ht m.
Kh nng ca t hp ph hi nc t
khng kh. Ngi ta phn bit.
- ht m khng hon ton-l lng hi
307
nc c t hp ph t m tng i v ch pht trin mt phn cc mt tinh th, c
ca khng kh.
- ht m ln nht l lng hi nc ti
a c t hp ph trong iu kin khng
kh bo ha hi nc.
- ht m c biu th bng h s
ht m.
X: hygroscopic coefficient. n: hygroscopic
capacity.
hyolitha [7238] : Mng (Hyolithida).
Mt taxon cp cao ca ng vt khng
xng sng Paleozoi, nay thng c xem l
mt ngnh hoc mt lp ca Thn mm b
dit chng. Nhm Mng l ng vt bin a
bo i xng hai bn ni chung c mt v nn,
c l bng aragonit vi l ming n. Phn
thn mm gm nhiu c v rut di ngon
ngoo. Tui t Cambri sm nht n
Permi mun.
hypabyssal [7239] : hypabysal.
Xm nhp magma xut hin su va,
khong trung gian gia su ln v b mt.
hypergene [7240] : biu sinh.
hypergene dispersion coefficient [7241] : h
s phn tn biu sinh ().
L tham s c trng cho linh ng ca
nguyn t ha hc trong qu trnh hnh thnh
cc vnh phn tn tn d (eluvi-deluvi).
hypergenesis [7242] : biu sinh.
Thut ng dng ch qu trnh phong ho
trn b mt ca cc trm tch.
n: retrograde diagenesis; regressive
diagenesis; retrodiagenesis.
hyperglyph [7243] : vt hn phong ha, vt
hn biu sinh.
Vt hn hnh thnh trong qu trnh
phong ho.
hyperpycnal inflow [7244] : dng cung lu.
Nc chy vo rt mnh, xit v d di do
c dng xoy.
hypersaline [7245] : qu mn (mui).
Ch lng mui ln hn lng mui ca
nc bin thng thng. c bit c mn
trn mc thp nht m ti mui c th kt
ta.
hyperstrophic [7246] : qu cun vng.
V Gastropoda m vng cun c cun
trn mt nn o ngc cho nh vt nhn
v pha trc hn l pha sau v vng xon b
h xung thay v nng ln. V qu cun vng
khng d phn bit vi v cun thng, tr phi
l ming thy r siphon cng hng nh nh.
hypidioblast [7247] : bn t hnh.
Ht khong vt mi hnh thnh do bin cht
trng cho kiu ban bin tinh.
Ss: idioblast; xenoblast. n: subidioblast.
hypocenter [7248] : chn tiu ng t.
Trung tm pht sinh ng t nm trong
lng t, xy ra hin tng gii ta t
ngt ng sut di dng cc sng chn ng.
hypocrystalline [7249] : kin trc khng ton
tinh, kin trc kt tinh.
hypodeltoid [7250] : phin tam gic di.
Phin tam gic nm pha di hu mn
trong nhiu ng vt N bin (Blastoidea).
Trong mt s N bin c khe xon h thi k
Carbon mun v Permi th phin ny hoc l
nh v gn kt lng lo hoc l teo bin
hon ton.
hypodermalium [7251] : gai di da.
Gai lp v ca Bt bin ph bin bn
di lp biu b ngoi.
hypodermis [7252] : lp dng li, lp di
mng chitin.
1- Lp dng li bn di v ngoi ca v
Trng l.
2- Lp t bo nm di tit ra mng chitin
ngoi ca ng vt Chn t.
hypogastralium [7253] : gai di khoang v.
Gai Bt bin ph bin nm di biu b
trong ca khoang Bt bin.
hypogene [7254] : thm sinh, c ngun
gc su.
hypogenic [7255] : thm sinh, c ngun
gc su (trt).
hypoglyph [7256] : vt hn y.
Vt hn trn y ca mt lp trm tch.
hypolimnion [7257] : tng nc h su.
Lp nc hoc tng nc thp nht trong h
c c trng bi nhit khng i (tr
dng chy b sung, dng chy vo) v thng
nc ngho oxy hoc l nc h t ng ca
h su.
hypometamorphism [7258] : bin cht su.
hypoparian [7259] : B ba thy khng c
ng khu (Hypoparia).
Thuc hay lin quan ti B ba thy khng
c ng khu mt v ni chung l b m.
Mt B ba thy khng c ng khu mt,
c th l b Hypoparia.
hypopycnal inflow [7260]:dng chy vo yu.
Dng chy b sung (chy vo) vo mt
dng khc nhng lu lng v vn tc nh hn
ca dng chnh; v d: nc ca sng ra
bin thi gian khng c l lt.
hyposome [7261] : phn sau thn.
Phn pha sau ca th t bo nm bn di
308
 di vng ca nhm Trng roi kinh khng
(Dinoflagellata) khng c gip.
hypostega [7262] : khoang di gip.
Mt phn khoang thn ca mt c th ng
vt dng Ru Ming mi (Cheilostomata) nm
gia mt bt n hoc khin nh trc v nm
trn vch mng.
hypostegal coelom [7263] : khoang c th
di np.
Khoang c th phn u cui ca vch c
th nhm ng vt dng Ru Mi hp
(Stenolaemata).
hypostomal suture [7264] : ng khu
di ming.
ng ghp ni gia ra trc ca phin
di ming v mp sau ca vin ra trn hoc
khin try B ba thy (Trilobita).
hypostome [7265] : phin di ming.
1- Phin bng ca vng u pha sau v
trn n c ming ca B ba thy. n: labrum.
2- Mu hnh l hoc hnh nn cha ming
ca Thy tc (Hydrozoa).
hypostracum [7266] : lp v trong.
Lp trong ca thnh v Thn mm hai
mnh do biu m ca lp o tit ra.
hypostratotype [7267] : hypostratotyp, chun
a tng (mt ct chun) ph tr.
ng vi chun a tng (mt ct chun)
nguyn thu c xc lp theo cc ngha sau:
B sung cho chun a tng nguyn thu
(holostratotyp) c trng y hn cho
phn v hoc ranh gii a tng; m rng khi
nim ca phn v trong trng hp chun a
tng nguyn thy (holostratotyp) khng y
. X: reference section.
hypothesis [7268] : gi thuyt.
hypothetical resources [7269] : ti nguyn
gi nh.
Ti nguyn khong sn cha c pht hin
nhng c th hy vng tm thy trong mt vng
m bit.
hypothyridid [7270] : l cung di nh.
L cung Tay cun nm bn di hay trn
mt lng ca g nh vi nh nguyn vn.
hypotract [7271] : phn sau ai.
Phn ca Trng roi kinh khng
(Dinoflagellata) pha sau vng ai.
hypozygal [7272] : phin tay ni.
Phin tay gn tm ca mt cp ni vi nhau
bng khp dy chng Hu bin.
hypsometric [7273] : cao.
Tnh t thuc v cao, o cao.
hypsometry [7274] : o cao.
Khoa hc xc nh cao ca mt t so
vi mc nc bin bng nhiu phng php
khc nhau.
hysterosoma [7275] : thn sau.
on sau ca c th Nhn nm sau i chn
th hai.
309
 IAEG [7276] : Hip hi Quc t a cht
Cng trnh.
Vit tt ca International Association for
Engineering Geology.
IAEGE [7277] : Hip hi Quc t a cht
Cng trnh v Mi trng.
Vit tt ca International Association for
Enginneering Geology and Environment.
IAGC [7278] : Hip hi Quc t a ha v
Ha hc V tr.
Vit tt ca International Association of
Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry.
IAH [7279] : Hip hi Quc t cc nh a
cht Thy vn.
Vit tt ca International Association of
Hydrogeologists.
IAHS [7280] : Hip hi Quc t cc Khoa hc
Thy vn.
Vit tt ca International Association of
Hydrological Science.
ianthinite [7281] : ianthinit.
1- Khong vt th sinh, h thoi, mu tm
sm: UO2.5UO3.10H2O.
2- Tn khong vt b nhm vi wyartit.
ice [7282] : bng.
Nc trng thi rn, trong iu kin kh
quyn chun, bng c hnh thnh v c tan chy vo thung lng .
0oC. Khi ng bng th tch nc tng
1/11 ln.
ice age [7283] : thi k bng h.
Thi gian hot ng bng h m rng. n:
glacial epoch; c bit thi k bng h mun
nht c bit l thi k Pleistocen.
ice apron [7284] : di chn bng.
S lng tuyt v bng mng lin kt vi
sn chnh ca i bng hay i vng ca ni
bng.
ice avanche [7285] : khi bng l.
Khi bng v sp theo sn dc thng
ng.
ice barchan [7286] : cn bng li lim.
n bng t cc tinh th bng c hnh
li lim.
iceberg [7287] : ni bng tri, khi bng tri.
Khi bng, tng bng, ni bng tri trn i
dng, c hnh dng bt k. c tch khi
phn u ca ni bng ln. Chiu cao trn mt
bin-i dng ln hn 5m, chiu di hn 80m.
ice breccia [7288] : dm kt bng h.
Cc mnh bng tui khc nhau, hoc cc
mnh vn bng h gc cnh vi tui thnh to
c th so snh c, b ng bng vi nhau.
ice cap [7289] : mi bng.
Bng v tuyt ph trn nhng ni c dng
vm hay dng tm hoc bng-tuyt ph trn
vng t Bc Cc. Bng tuyt tri di theo mi
hng vi din tch khong 50.000km2. M
bng thng c coi l nh hn lp ph (o
chong bng).
ice cave [7290] : ng bng, hang bng.
Hang t nhin hay nhn to tn ti trong iu
kin kh hu m bng tn ti quanh nm.
ice contact delta [7291] : chu th tip xc
bng h.
ng bng chu th nm gia sn thung
lng v gii hn bng h, do sng to thnh khi
ice cover [7292] : lp ph bng.
Lp ph ca bng h ln b mt t c chiu
dy ng k ( thi im hin nay).
ice dome [7293] : vm bng.
1- Lp ph bng ni a (bng trn t lin)
c nng cao dng vm trn, sn hi thoi
nghing. Cc vm bng ny c din tch ph
trn 10.000 km2.
2- Tch t bng h Candera.
ice layer [7294] : lp bng.
ice lens [7295] : lp bng mng.
ice mantle [7296] : lp ph bng.
n: ice sheet.
310
 ice margin drainage [7297] : sng ngi tip
cn sng bng.
Mng sng ngi dc theo sn bng h hay
pha trc bng h.
ice margin lake [7298] : h bng.
H nm gia di bng h v vch thung lng
hoc gia cc cnh ca bng h, nc h l
nc bng tan cung cp.
ice piedmont [7299] : cnh ng bng.
Khi lng bng nm trn sn thoi hng
ra bin, ph trn di b bin t thp.
ice plateau [7300] : cao nguyn bng.
Min t cao nguyn c bng ph, pha trn
cng ca b mt gn nh bng phng, pha sn
dc hoc tip xc vi i dng.
ice rafting [7301] : bng tri.
Qu trnh vn chuyn ca cc mnh thuc
tt c cc cp kch thc trn b mt hay trong
cc o bng tri.
ice scour lake [7302] : h bng tch.
H bng tch chim c lu vc hay bn a
c nn b xm thc do bng.
ice sheet [7303] : lp ph bng.
Lp bng h c chiu dy ng k, din tch
hn 50000 km2, ph lin tc v u mi hng
ln ton b mt t. Lp ph bng ngy nay
c coi l ch c Bc Cc song trc y c
th vo Pleistocen, bng h ph phn ln Bc
M v Bc u.
ichnofacies [7304] : tng di tch sinh vt.
Kiu tng trm tch c cha cc biu hin
ho hot ng sng ca ng vt.
ichnofossil [7305] : ho thch du vt.
n: trace fossil.
ichnology [7306] : du vt hc.
Mn nghin cu ha thch du vt, c th l
nghin cu cc du vt sinh hot ca cc sinh
vt c ha thch. Bao gm c c du vt hc
(palichnology) v tn du vt hc (neoich-
nology).
ichthyolith [7307] : ichthyolit.
Mt dng hin vi ca cc mnh vn xng
c, c bit c mt trong cc trm tch
bin khi.
icing mound [7308] : g bng, bng.
G hay bng nh trn lp bng b mt, c
th c hnh thnh do lp bng on v tri ln
do p sut thy tnh ca nc.
idaite [7309] : idait.
Khong vt: Cu3FeS4, nhng gn Cu5FeS6.
identified subeconomic resources [7310] : ti
nguyn cn kinh t xc nh.
Ti nguyn khong sn cha phi l tr
lng xc nh nhng c th tr thnh tr lng
xc nh khi c s thay i iu kin php lut
v kinh t. n: conditional resources.
idioblast [7311] : bin tinh t hnh.
Khong vt ca bin cht, hnh thnh do
ti kt tinh v gii hn bi nhng mt tinh th
hon chnh. L loi ban bin tinh.
Ss: hypidioblast; xenoblast.
idioblastic series [7312] : lot bin tinh
t hnh.
Ton b nhng tinh th kt tinh hon chnh
(t hnh) do bin cht trao i trng thi cng,
c quan h ln nhau v c xp vo mt lot
cu trc no .
idiochromatic [7313] : t sc.
Mu ca khong vt do thnh phn ha hc
ca n to nn. Ss: allochromatic.
idiomorphic granular [7314] : ht t hnh.
idiotopic [7315] : t hnh.
Thut ng dng ch kiu kin trc ca loi
trm tch kt tinh, trong thnh phn to
hu ht l nhng tinh th t hnh. Tuy nhin,
cng dng ch loi nh trm tch mui, xi
mng ngun ho hc, vi hay dolomit ti kt
tinh c kiu kin trc nh vy.
idocrase [7316] : idocras.
n: vesuvianite.
idrialite [7317] : idrialit.
Khong vt hydro carbon: C22H14, trc y
c cng thc C24H18. Idrialit to thnh do s kt
hp ca thn sa vi st. n: curtisite.
IGC [7318] : Hi ngh a cht Quc t.
Vit tt ca International Geological
Congress. Hi ngh ton th ln nht ca cc
nh a cht trn khp hnh tinh c t chc 4
nm mt ln. Hi ngh ln th nht c t chc
ti Pari vo nm 1878, c 310 ngi tham gia.
Hi ngh ln th 31 (Hi ngh cui cng ca th
k 20) c tin hnh thng 8/2000 ti thnh
ph Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) c trn 7000 ngi
tham d (Vit Nam c 6 ngi) vi ch a
cht v s pht trin bn vng, nhng thch thc
ca thin nin k th 3.
igneo contact shoreline [7319] : ng b
tip xc vi xm nhp.
ng b hnh thnh do s chm ngp tng
phn ca sn cn li tng i dc, khi cc lp
yu hn tip xc vi xm nhp b di chuyn
i.
igneous [7320] : magma.
hoc khong vt ng c t mt khi vt
cht b nng chy hoc nng chy mt phn
ngha l t magma; p dng cho c qu trnh
dn ti, lin quan ti s thnh to nh vy ca
cc . magma l mt trong ba nhm
311
chnh, hai nhm cn li l bin cht v trm
tch. Tn gi t ch Latinh ignis ngha l la.
X: magmatic; plutonic; hypabyssal;
extrusive. n: pyrogenous (pyrogenic).
igneous breccia [7321] : dm kt magma.
1- Loi dm kt c thnh to t cc mnh
vn magma.
2- Tt c cc loi dm kt c hnh thnh t
qu trnh magma, v d nh dm kt ni la.
ignition loss [7322] : lng mt khi nung.
Lng vt cht b mt do th nghim nung.
iimoriite [7323] : imoriit.
Khong vt h ba nghing: Y5(SiO4)3(OH)3.
ikaite [7324] : ikait.
Khong vt trng phn: CaCO3.6H2O.
ikunolite [7325] : ikunolit.
Khong vt: Bi4(S,Se)3. Ss: laitakarite.
ilesite [7326] : ilesit.
Khong vt mu xanh:
(Mn,Zn,Fe)SO4.4H2O.
ilimaussite [7327] : ilimausit.
Khong vt: Ba2Na4CeFeNb2Si8O28.5H2O.
illidromica [7328] : mt bin th ca
hydromica.
Loi hydromica ngho kali v giu nc.
Cng c ngha l mt loi khong vt st c
thnh phn trung gian gia ilit v monmorilonit.
illite [7329] : ilit.
1- Tn chung ca nhm khong vt st tng
t mica phn b rng ri trong trm tch st.
Chng c thnh phn v cu trc gia muscovit
v monmorilonit v c cng thc chung l:
(H3O,K)y(Al4.Fe4.Mg4.Mg6)(Si8y.Aly)O10(OH)4.
trong y = 1-1,5. Ilit cha kali t hn v
nhiu nc hn mica v nhiu kali hn kaolinit
v monmorilonit, nm trung gian gia kaolin v
monmorilonit.
2- Khong vt nhm ilit, gm nhng khong
vt c thnh phn ha ging muscovit hoc
hydrat muscovit nhng tia X th yu hn.
illuviation [7330] : tch t bn.
L mt tp hp trong tng thp hnh thnh
bi qu trnh ha tan, ph hy vn chuyn vt
liu t tng trn trong qu trnh eluvi (ha tan,
vn chuyn st). Tt: illuvial.
illuvium [7331] : iluvi, bn tch.
ilmajokite [7332] : ilmajokit.
Khong vt:
(Na,Ca,Ba)10Ti5Si14O22(OH)44.nH2O.
ilmenite [7333] : ilmenit.
Khong vt khi mt thoi mu en st, m
c, l khong vt qung ca titan. Ilmenit l
khong vt ph trong magma basic (gabro v
norit) v tp trung trong sa khong. n: titanic
iron ore; mohsite.
ilmenomagnetite [7334] : ilmenomagnetit.
1- Magnetit vi ilmenit vi mc xen.
2- Titan maghemit kt hp vi ilmenit.
ilmenorutile [7335] : ilmenorutil.
Khong vt mu en: (Ti,Nb,Fe)3O6.
ilsemanite [7336] : ilsemanit.
Khong vt mu en, en-xanh, hoc xanh:
Mo3O8.nH2O(?).
ilvaite [7337] : ilvait.
Khong vt h thoi mu nu nht n en:
CaFe2+2Fe+3(SiO4)2(OH), quan h vi epidot
v lun cha t mangan hn epidot. n: lievrite;
yenite.
ILWIS [7338] : phn mm GiS.
Vit tt: Integrated Land and Water
Information System. Phn mm GIS kt hp x
l nh vin thm ca ITC thuc Trng i hc
Thm khng v Khoa hc Tri t, H Lan
(Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth
Sciences, Netherlands).
image [7339] : hnh, hnh nh, nh.
Cc bn v bng my tnh c th c lu tr
li di dng vect hay image. V d cc bn v,
bn ca AUTOCAD, MAPINFO,...l cc bn
v di dng vect. Cc bn c qut vo
bng my qut (scanner) l cc bn nh (image).
C th chuyn i t dng ny sang dng kia
bng cc phn mm chuyn dng (Correl Draw,
Micro Station...).
image analysis [7340] : phn tch, gii thch
nh xc nh cc ni dung ca nh.
image enhancement [7341] : qu trnh lm
tng cht lng nh.
Tng cht lng nh thng qua cc phng
php nh lc nhiu, tng nt, v.v.
image processing [7342] : x l nh.
Trong ha my tnh, y l qu trnh s
dng my tnh tng hoc gim tng
phn, thay i mu sc hnh d phn tch
hn, hiu chnh qu m hoc qu r, v phc
tho cc i tng d nhn din chng.
image restoration [7343] : qu trnh chnh
l nh.
Bao gm c chnh l sai s thu tn hiu ca
u thu (sensor).
imandrite [7344] : imandrit.
Khong vt h lovozerit:
Na12Ca3F+32(Si6 O18)2.
imbrication [7345] : xp ngi, vy c.
Kiu kin trc trm tch c cc mnh vn
dng ko di hoc hnh a nghing theo hng
to mt gc nht nh so vi mt phn lp.
imerinite [7346] : imerinit.
312
 Khong vt h n nghing khng mu n
mu xanh ca nhm amphibol:
Na2(Mg,Fe)2Si8O22(O,OH)2
quan h vi ichterit.
imgreite [7347] : imgreit.
Khong vt h su phng: NiTe (?).
imhofite [7348] : imhofit.
Khong vt: Tl6CuAs16O40.
immature [7349] : cha trng thnh,
nin thiu.
1- a hnh hay khu vc c c im cha
t n giai on trng thnh, v d: thung
lng hay mng sng sui trn mc c s,
nghing ca sn ln.
2- Loi vt liu trm tch st c cc c im
trung gian gia st v phin st.
3- Giai on u tin tin ti n nh c
tnh kin trc ca trm tch.
immaturity [7350] : thi k nin thiu.
Thi k giai on xm thc hay thi k pht
trin ca a hnh b mt cha t n chn
mui, cha trng thnh.
immersion liquid [7351] : dung dch nhng.
Cht lng c ch s chit sut bit, s
dng xc nh chit sut khong vt.
n: index liquid.
immersion method [7352]:phng php nhng.
Phng php xc nh ch s chit sut
khong vt bng cch nhng mu trong cht
lng chit sut bit.
imogolite [7353] : imogolit.
Khong vt st dng si song song, c cng
thc chung: 1,1SiO2 .Al2O3.2,3-2,8H2O.
impact crater [7354] : ming ni la do
va chm.
Ming ni la (hay crater) thnh to trn b
mt do tc ng ca mt vt th khc ngoi v
tr (nh sao chi, thin thch, v.v.) m bn cht
ca n cha c bit r.
impact erosion [7355] : xm thc, bo mn do
va chm.
S mi mn ca , mnh do tc dng
thi ca gi. Cc mnh vng ra li c xt,
mi vo lp lm cho mn v xi dn.
impedance [7356] : tr khng.
(vl) Tham s in quan trng c s dng
trong thm d in; Tham s c s dng
nh gi mi trng truyn sng a chn v l
tch ca tc truyn sng v mt .
impermeability [7357]:tnh khng thm nc.
Tnh cht ca t khng cho cht lng di
chuyn qua di tc dng ca p lc.
n : impermeable.
impervious [7358] : khng thm nc.
t c cu to c st khng c kh nng
cho nc thm qua. n: impermeable.
impervious boundary [7359] : bin cch nc.
Ranh gii phn b ca tng cha nc, ni
tip xc vi t cch nc.
imperviousness [7360]:tnh khng thm nc.
impregnation ore [7361] : qung xm tn,
tim nhp.
impure arkose [7362] : arkos khng tinh
khit; arkos khng in hnh.
Loi ct kt (c bit l graywack) c thuc
tnh tri feldspar, nhng li khng phi l
arkos; c bit l i vi loi ct kt c cha 25-
90% feldspar v cc mnh vn magma, 10-
50% mica v mnh vn bin cht, v 0-65%
thch anh, phin silic. n: dirty arkose.
inactive volcano [7363] : ni la khng
hot ng.
Ni la khng thy s phun tro.
inaglyite [7364] : inaglyit.
Khong vt: Cu3(Ir,Pt)8S16, pht trin xen k
cht ch vi cc khong vt Pt trong
siu mafic.
inarticulate [7365] : khng khp, (lp) Tay
cun khng khp (Inarticulata).
V mt loi Tay cun c cc mnh ni vi
nhau bng c, ch khng phi bng b bn l;
cc tay cun thuc mt lp c v bng cht
chitinophosphat hoc cht vi ni vi nhau nh
ni bn trn.
incaite [7366] : incait.
Khong vt h n nghing: Pb4FeSn4Sb2S15.
incertae sedis [7367] : v tr khng xc nh.
Thut ng dng cho mt ha thch hoc mu
hin i m v tr phn loi xem nh khng
chc chn.
inch [7368] : inch.
n v o chiu di bng 1/12 foot. Mt inch
bng 2,54cm.
incised meander [7369] : khc un do
o khot.
Khc un cong c ca sng c o su
lng do s tr ha v do t nhiu c ng
kn hay bao quanh bi cc sn thung lng.
incision [7370] : khot su, kha su, khc su,
o su.
Qu trnh dng chy o su lng, to nn
thung lng hp, c sn dc ng, nht l khi v
Tri t c nng ln tng i; Tng t nh
vy, qu trnh kha su cc mng rnh hp,
thnh dc ng trn sn lc a, to thnh cc
hm (canyon) di i dng.
incisor [7371] : mu rng, rng ca.
1- Mu c b mt nhai trn thy hm ca
313
hm ng vt V gip (Crustacea).
2- Mt trong nhng rng trc ca Th
khng c chuyn ha lm v i b phn
c thay th trong cuc i ca mt c th.
inclination [7372] : gc nghing.
Gc gia vect cng t trng ton phn
ca Tri t T v thnh phn nm ngang H (hnh
chiu ca vect T ln mt phng nm ngang)
ca trng a t.
inclination of failure plane, critical [7373] :
gc, nghing ti hn ca mt trt.
inclinometer [7374] : thit b o nghing.
1-(cctr) Thit b xc nh s dch chuyn
ngang ca cc lp t, mi dc, v.v.
2-(vl) Loi thit b c s dng trong a
vt l o nghing ca ging khoan; Thit
b s dng trong thm d t o gc t
khuynh.
inclosed meander [7375] : khc un o,
khot kiu mng nga.
Khc un cong ca sng c hnh thnh do
qu trnh khc, chm, khot.
n: incised meander.
inclusions [7376] : bao th.
incomings [7377] : thu v, doanh thu, thu nhp.
incomplete closure [7378] : ng, khp li
khng kn, khng ht.
Cc khe nt, vi khe nt, hnh thnh v pht
trin di tc ng ca ti trng, cng vi bin
dng vnh cu. Sau khi d ti, do bin dng vnh
cu trn m chng khng th ng, khp kn li
nh trc c na.
incomplete ripple mark [7379] : du vt gn
sng khng hon chnh.
Kiu b mt du vt gn sng c cc nh
sng bit lp, nh loi c hnh thnh do thiu
ngun cung cp ct. n: starved ripple mark.
increment [7380] : tng trng.
incurrent canal [7381] : knh ht nc.
n: inhalant canal.
indelta [7382] : chu th nh.
Thut ng c dng Australia ch vng
t lin do sng chia ct.
independent [7383] : c lp, khng ph
thuc.
independent ovicell [7384] : trng c lp.
trng ca ng vt dng Ru pht trin
c lp c th xa.
inderborite [7385] : inderborit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
CaMg[B3O3(OH)5]2.6H2O.
B dng lm du hiu tm kim qung gi l
inderite [7386] : inderit.
Khong vt: Mg3O3(OH)5.5H2O. n: leserit.
index [7387] : ch s.
index contour [7388] : cc ng ng mc
c nh ch s.
bn d xem khng phi tt c cc
ng ng tr u c ghi gi tr ng. Thng
thng ch s c nh cch 4 ng.
index fossil [7389] : ha thch nh tng.
Ha thch gip nhn dng v nh tui lp
hoc mt ct cha ha thch, nht l taxon ha
thch no (ni chung l ging, him hn l loi)
kt hp c s phn bit r v hnh thi vi s
ph bin rng ri hoc phong ph trong trm
tch v c c trng bng s phn b a l
rng khp, thm ch trn ton th gii v bng
s phn b a tng hn ch, m n th hin
tnh ng thi gn ng. Ha thch nh tng tt
nht gm nhng sinh vt bi li hoc tri ni,
tin ha nhanh v phn b rng, nh Bt v
Cc . Ha thch ny khng nht thit hoc l
ch hn ch, hoc l tm thy trong tt c cc
phn ca tng . n: key fossil, type fossil.
index liquid [7390] : ch s lng.
index mineral [7391] : khong vt ch th.
Nhng tp hp khong vt cng sinh xut
hin trong ch th cho iu kin nhit - ng
bin cht c trng ca chng.
index of refraction [7392] : ch s khc x.
Trong quang hc tinh th, tr s biu th t s
ca tc nh sng trong chn khng v tc
nh sng trong tinh th. K hiu qui c l n.
Yu t nh hng n ch s khc x l bc
sng, nhit v p sut. n: refraction index.
index plasticity [7393] : ch s do.
n: plasticity index.
index zone [7394] : i nh du, i ch th.
Mt lp hoc tp hp cc lp, c nhn bit
bi cc c im c sinh hoc thch hc, c th
theo di trong khng gian v c v tr xc nh
trong mt ct a tng.
indialite [7395] : indialit.
Khong vt h su phng: Mg2Al4Si5O18.
indianaite [7396] : indianait.
Khong vt st mu trng, c trng loi
haloysit sch vng Lawrence county, n .
indicated ore [7397] : qung chc chn c.
indicated reserve [7398] : tr lng
chc chn.
indicator element [7399] : nguyn t ch th.
D thng a ha c pht hin theo mt
hoc mt nhm nguyn t c trng cho tng
kiu m qung. Cc nguyn t c trng c th
nguyn t ch th. Chng c th l nguyn t to
qung hoc nguyn t i km. Nguyn t to
qung mang tnh ch th gi l nguyn t ch th
314
trc tip, nguyn t i km gi l nguyn t ch
th gin tip.
indicator plant [7400] : thc vt ch th.
Mt loi cy m s c mt ch th cho tnh
cht ca t mt vng, c th l mn hay
kim ca t, mc bo ha ca mt i
t, hoc cc iu kin khc. Cng c th ch th
cho s c mt ca mt kim loi, hay mt nguyn
t nht nh. n: plant indicator.
indicatrix [7401] : mt quang sut.
Mt phng c dng elipsoid ba trc, elipsoid
trn xoay hoc mt cu, c trng cho ch s
chit sut ca tinh th. n: optic indicatrix.
indicolite [7402] : indicolit.
Loi tourmalin mu xanh-chm (xanh sng
n en-xanh nht), lm qu. n: indigolite.
indigirite [7403] : indigirit.
Khong vt: Mg2 Al2(CO3)4(OH)2.15H2O.
indigo copper [7404] : ng mu chm.
n: covellite.
indigolite [7405] : indigolit.
n: indicolite.
indirect indicator element [7406] : nguyn t
ch th gin tip.
X: indicator element.
indirect indicator of prospecting [7407] : ch
th tm kim gin tip.
X: indicator element.
indirect stratification [7408] : phn tng
th sinh.
n: secondary stratification.
indirect tensile strength test [7409] : th
nghim ko gin tip.
Th nghim gin tip xc nh sc bn ko
ca t, . Trong trng ng sut hai trc
(3 = 0), thng b gy v khi ng sut t
n gi tr sc bn ko n trc ca chng ngay
c khi mt trong hai ng sut chnh l ng sut
ko cn ng sut kia l ng sut nn, vi iu
kin l ng sut nn lun nh hn 1/3 ng sut
ko. iu ny cho php xc nh sc bn ko
ca bng nhng on li khoan khng cn
gia cng v bng thit b cht ti n gin kiu
nh th nghim cht ti Brazin. X: Brazilian test.
C hai c im v cng l hn ch ca phng
php ny. l ng sut ko cc i bin i
khng ng nht trong mu, khng ging nh
trong th nghim ko trc tip, v phi tin hnh
tnh ton trn c s cc gi thit n hi. Thuc
h cc th nghim ko gin tip c th nghim
cht ti Brazin, th nghim cht ti im, th
nghim cht ti dm un, v.v.
indium [7410] : indi (In).
1- Nguyn t ha hc s 49, nguyn t lng
114,8183; t trng 7,31 g/cm3, thuc nhm kim
loi nng, chacophil; c 1 ng v bn In113 v
65 ng v khng bn. Hm lng In trong cc
(ppm): v lc a trn l 0,061; siu mafic
0,02; gabro-basalt 0,07; granit granodiorit 0,05;
phin 0,07; trong t 0,07; nc i dng
0,02 mg/l. Cc khong vt tiu biu l roquesit
Cu(InS2), indit (FeInS4), In t sinh. Phng php
phn tch: INAA, ICP-MS. c s dng trong
ngnh hp kim, bn dn, y, pin mt tri, v.v.
2- Khong vt h bn phng mu trng c,
nguyn t kim loi t nhin In. Indium mm
do, d dt mng v c mt lng rt t trong
qung km v cc qung kim loi khc.
individual footing [7411] : mng n, mng
ring l.
indochinite [7412] : tektit ng Dng,
indochinit.
Loi tektit ng Nam chu (Campuchia,
Lo, Vit Nam, Trung Quc, Thi Lan).
indoor pollution [7413] : nhim trong nh.
Cc dng nhim xy ra trong nh , nh lm
vic... bao gm: Bi bm, cc ha cht bc hi t
vt liu qut tng, sn dng ni tht. Cc kh
thi (CO,CO2) do t than nh bp, l si, dn
sy, khi thuc l...; Cc cht phng x (ch yu
l radon) thot ra t nn t, vt liu xy nh...;
Ting n, xung ng, bc x pht ra t cc thit
b sinh hot (t lnh, qut, my iu ha khng
kh ...), thit b nghe nhn, in thoi di ng...;
Vi khun, cn trng gy bnh sng bm trn
c v k sinh trn c th vt nui trong nh, v.v.
Cng vi s pht trin ca khoa hc cng
ngh v ci thin i sng, nguy c nhim
trong nh cng ln v a dng. S nhim trong
nh c tc hi ln n sc khe v phn ln thi
gian i ngi sng trong mi trng .
Induan [7414] : Indi, Indus.
Bc do Kiparsova v Popov (1956) xc lp
theo mt ct sng Indus Pakistan, l bc ca
thi a tng quc t, bc thp nht ca Trias h
(trn Changhsing ca Permi thng, di
Olenek ca Trias h).
induced earthquake [7415] : ng t
kch thch.
ng t pht sinh do nhng nhn t kch
thch t bn ngoi. X: induced seismicity.
induced infiltration [7416] : thm cng bc.
S b cp t nc mt cho nc di t
bng ng thm t nhin hoc nhn to, gy ra
bi s h thp mc thy tnh ca nc di t,
phn b pha di nc mt.
n: induced recharge.
induced magnetization [7417] : t ha
cm ng.
315
 Trng t c to ra trong khi khi t
n vo t trng.
induced polarization [7418] : phn cc
cm ng.
induced radioactivity [7419] : phng x
cm ng.
Tnh phng x c to ra do hin tng
chiu x vo ht nhn nguyn t ca cc nguyn
t t bng cc dng tia hay bng dng ht
neutron.
induced recharge [7420] : b cp cng bc.
n: induced infiltration.
induced seismicity [7421] : a chn
kch thch.
a chn pht sinh do nhng nhn t kch
thch t bn ngoi, ch yu l nhng hot ng
nhn to nh xy dng h cha nc ln, th
bom ht nhn ngm, i khi do nhn t t nhin
(s va chm ca thin thch ln b mt hnh
tinh...).
X: induced earthquake.
induced stresses in slopes [7422] : ng sut.
ng sut sinh ra trong mi dc di tc dng
ca ngoi lc.
inductively coupled plasma atomic emission
spectrometry [7423] : php o quang ph pht
x nguyn t plasma (ICP-AES).
Phn tch cc nguyn t ha hc trong dung
dch mu trn c s nguyn tc ph pht x
nguyn t c ngun plasma (plasma l mt hn
hp th kh pht sng cc mnh vi nhit
phn trung tm t 7000 n 110000oC). Plasma
lm cho cc mu ha hi hoc ion ha kch
thch ph pht x, do ngi ta c th nh
gi nh lng cc ph thu c. Phng php
ICP-AES c ng dng phn tch cc mu
a ha t nm 1975. Trong mt dung dch mu
c th xc nh ng thi hng lot nguyn t
v nng sut xc nh trn 2000 ln trong mt
ngy my.
inductively coupled plasma mass
spectrometry [7424] : php o khi ph
plasma (ICP-MS).
Phn tch cc nguyn t ha hc trong dung
dch mu trn c s o ph thu c trn t hp
my cm ng lin hp plasma vi khi ph.
Trn t hp my ICP-MS, cc ph thu c kh
n gin, d gii on, c th thu c cc
thng tin v ng v cc nguyn t. Phng
php ny ng dng tt cho cc nguyn t nhm
t him, nhm bch kim v vng, Nb, Ta, Hf,
Zr.
indurated [7425] : lm cng.
Lm cng do c tc ng ca xi mng.
industrial diamond [7426] : kim cng
cng nghip.
Tn dng chung cho kim cng trong cng
nghip (khoan, mi, v.v).
industrial lithostratigraphic unit [7427] :
phn v thch a tng cng nghip.
Th thch a tng c cng nhn do mc
ch kinh t, nh l tng cha nc, ct cha
du, va cha qung,... l loi phn v khng
chnh thc.
industrial mineral [7428] : khong cht cng
nghip.
Mt s , khong vt c gi tr kinh t, tr
qung kim loi, nhin liu v qu. Nhng
khong sn phi kim c gi tr cng nghip.
inequilateral [7429] : khng u bn.
Mnh v Thn mm hai mnh c phn trc
v phn sau nh c di khng u nhau.
inequivalve [7430] : khng u mnh.
V ca Thn mm hai mnh c mnh n
phng hn (hoc ln hn) mnh kia.
inert gas [7431] : kh tr.
Gm 6 nguyn t, chng khng tc dng vi
mt nguyn t no khc. Trong iu kin thng
thng, chng u th kh (helium, neon,
argon, krypton, xenon v radon). n: noble gas.
inertial force [7432] : lc qun tnh.
inesite [7433] : inesit.
Khong vt mu hng n ti:
Ca2Mn7Si10O28(OH)2.5H2O.
inface [7434] : vch trong.
Sn dc hn ca a hnh Cuest (n
nghing). Thng thng thay th cho cm t
"sn i din mt trong dc ng".
inferred ore [7435] : qung suy on, suy lun.
inferred reserve [7436] : tr lng d on,
tr lng d tnh.
infilling [7437] : lp y; bi lp.
Qu trnh tch t vt liu trm tch c a
n bi lp cc bn trng, cc khe nt n,
l hng, v.v.
infilling of discontinuities [7438] : vt cht
lp nht khe nt.
X: discontinuity.
infiltration [7439] : ngm, thm lc.
1- S thm nc ma vo t c l hng
hay khe nt.
2- S thm ca mt cht lng vo mt vt th
rn theo cc l hng hay khe nt.
infiltration basin [7440] : bn (b, h)
thm lc.
Cng trnh cha nc trn mt di dng h
(bn, b) nhn to, t nc thm vo lng t
b cp cho nc di t (dng trong k thut
316
b sung nhn to tr lng nc di t).
n: recharge basin.
infiltration capacity [7441] : kh nng
thm lc.
Kh nng thm lc mc gii hn hoc mc
ti a. n: infiltration rate. K hiu: f.
infiltration coefficient [7442] : h s
thm lc.
T s gia lng nc ma ngm vo t
trn tng lng ma c biu th bng
phn trm.
infiltration gallery [7443] : hnh lang
thm lc.
Cng trnh nm ngang vi mc ch thu nc
di t. Hnh lang nc di t thng song
song vi sng c th thu nc quanh nm.
infiltration rate [7444] : sut thm lc.
Kh nng hp th nc ma ca tng t
trong nhng iu kin ring, biu th bng on
chiu su nc thm xung trong mt n v
thi gian (cm/s). n: infiltration velocity.
infiltration velocity [7445] : tc thm lc.
n: infiltration rate.
infiltration water [7446] : nc thm.
Nc di t c hnh thnh do s thm
lc nc ma, nc mt vo cc l hng hoc
khe nt ca t .
infinite slope [7447] : mi dc v hn.
iu kin gi thit xy dng thut ton v
tnh n nh ca mt mi dc vi chiu di
theo ng phng tng i ln hn nhiu so
vi chiu rng theo hng cm.
infinitesimal strain [7448] : bin dng
cc nh.
inflation [7449] : phng.
Khong cch o thng gc vi mt i xng
gia cnh phi v cnh tri ca v Thn mm
hai mnh.
inflow [7450] : dng chy vo.
Dng chy ca nc ni chung vo cc i
tng khc nhau.
influence functions for the description of
surface subsidence [7451] : hm nh hng
m t st ln b mt.
influence of stress rate [7452] : nh hng
ca tc gia ti (gy ng sut).
Hay gp trong cc vn liu trnh by v th
nghim mu t, , trong sc bn, kh nng
bin dng ca mu c th ph thuc vo tc
gia ti. Tc gia ti cao thng cho kt qu
sc bn ln v bin dng nh. Do vy, khi m
t, trnh by th nghim v kt qu th nghim,
cn ch ra tc gia ti. c c cc kt qu pha trong.
th nghim thng nht, c th tham kho ln
nhau, cc hip hi th gii (v c hc t,
v.v...) thng ngh nn tin hnh th nghim
mt tc gia ti nht nh, hay gp nht
trong thc t.
influent flow [7453] : dng chy vo.
Dng chy ca nc mt vo nc di t.
influent seepage [7454] : dng chy thm.
S vn ng ca nc trng lc trong i
thng kh xung i bo ha.
influent stream [7455] : sng nhnh, chi lu.
influx [7456] : dng chy vo.
informal unit [7457] : phn v khng
chnh thc.
Th thch hc c xc lp ngu nhin,
khng nhng yu t cn thit, thiu d liu
hoc khng c c s thch hp xc nh r l
mt phn v a tng chnh thc. c th l
i thch hc, nh i cha du, i cha than...
hay lp hoc tp nh lp ct, tp cha du. Mt
s thc th khc c coi l phn v khng
chnh thc nh phn v thch a tng cng
nghip; cc i s dng nh phn v thch a
tng: i cng nghip, i khong ha; cc tng
nh du trong cc biu a vt l (in, t,
c hc...); mt s phn v ph c a danh; mt
s phn v c hnh thnh t cc chu k trm
tch; phn v tng hp nh cc Cambri di;
hoc cc phn v nh hn nh tng ct
Thun Hi.
infrabasal plate [7458] : phin di gc.
Phin ca vng phin di xa ming lng
dng cc ca Hu bin (Crinoidea), c hai vng
phin di nhng tm ta tia. n: infrabasal.
Infracambrian [7459] : Infracambri.
n: Eocambrian.
ingodite [7460] : ingodit.
Khong vt: Bi2TeS.
ingrown meander [7461]: khc un tin trin.
Thut ng ch khc cong ca sng do khot,
chm, o su ang tip tc pht trin, tip tc
m rng v bn sn do xm thc ngang.
ingrown stream [7462] : sng ngi tin trin.
Sng ngi m rng dng chy nguyn thy
ca n do o su b ch un cong.
inhalant canal [7463] : knh ht nc.
Knh to thnh b phn ca h thng ht
nc Bt bin.
n: incurrent canal; prosochete.
inhalant system [7464] : h thng ht nc.
B phn ca h thng cha nc Bt bin
(Spongia) nm gia l ming v l phng roi,
c trng bng s chuyn nc t l ming vo
inherited [7465] : tha k, tha hng.
317
 Trong lp trnh hng i tng, cc i
tng lp di c tha hng cc c tnh ca
lp cao hn nhng khng c chiu ngc li.
inhomogeneity breccia [7466] : dm kt
khng ng nht.
Loi dm kt ng to t khe nt ca cc
lp tng i mm b xut hin trong cc trm
tch c thuc tnh do. Thnh phn ca n bao
gm cc mnh vn sc cnh, i khi c th tip
xc gia chng vi nhau.
initial (state of) stress [7467] : ng sut
ban u.
L mt thng s rt quan trng cn bit khi
thi cng cng trnh, nht l cc cng trnh ln v
cng trnh ngm. Trng thi ng sut ban u
ca t ph thuc vo qu o ng sut m
t tri qua trong sut lch s pht trin
ca chng.
initial consolidation [7468] : c kt ban u,
c kt tc th.
C kt do thot nc t khi t. S gim t
ngt v th tch ca khi t ch yu do gim
th tch ca phn kh trong cc l rng ca khi
t trc khi xy ra c kt s cp.
initial landform [7469]:a hnh nguyn thy.
a hnh c hnh thnh trc tip do hot
ng to ni, sau to ni hay hot ng phun
tro ni la trong cc c im nguyn thy
ca n b bin i rt t do qu trnh xm thc.
initial shoreline [7470] : ng b bin
nguyn thy.
ng b c hnh thnh do hot ng kin
to khu vc (st ln, nng cao, t gy, un
np), do hot ng ni la hay bng h. Thng
thng ng b nguyn thy hu nh thng
ng n nm ngang, u hay khc khuu.
injection breccia [7471] : dm kt tim nhp.
Loi mnh vn c thnh to do s bi
lp ca cc mnh vn ngoi lai vo cc mch
v khe nt n trong m.
injection dike [7472] : ai tim nhp.
Loi ai trm tch c thnh to do p sut
tim nhp bt thng tc ng t pha di hoc
t pha trn hay t pha cc sn ti.
injection well [7473] : l khoan p (np) nc.
L khoan (ging) dng p (np) nc t
ngoi vo lng t nhm cc mc ch khc
nhau:
Th nghim tnh thm ca t ; Lm giu
tr lng nc di t (phng php b sung
nhn to); Lm tng chn ngn chn hay y
li s xm nhp ca nc c cht lng km
(bn, mn,...) t cc khu ln cn (t bin) vo
cng trnh khai thc hay khu bo v; Chn vi
nc thi vo lng t; p nc vo cc m du
ang khai thc duy tr p lc va, y du ni
ln trn, to thun li cho vic bm ht du;
Phc hi li cao mt t khu st ln do
khai thc nc hay du; Dng nc p vo ha
tan khong cht (mui m,...) trong lng t,
sau ht ln cho kt tinh li (phng php ra
la di t); p nc lnh vo tng kh
nng (hot dry rock) di su lm tng nhit
ca nc, sau ht ln s dng vo mc
ch nng lng; p nc vo hm l khai thc
dp tt cc m chy ngm trong m
than, v.v.
inland basin [7474] : bn a ni lc (nm su
trong t lin).
n: interior basin.
inland drainage [7475] : sng sui ni a.
n: internal drainage.
inland ice [7476] : bng h lc a.
1- Bng c thnh to phn trong ca
bng h lc a. Thut ng c bit c s
dng quc o Greenland.
2- Bng h lc a hoc lp ph bng h
lc a.
inlet [7477] : lch, vnh hp.
1- Vng, vnh nh n su vo t lin.
2- Lch bin gia hai hn o.
3- Ca sng, ca bin.
in-line offset [7478] : khong thu pht.
Khong cch t im thu n im pht sng
a chn trn tuyn kho st.
innelite [7479] : inelit.
Khong vt:
Na2(Ba,K)4(Ca,Mg,Fe)Ti3Si4O8(OH,F)1.5(SO4).
inner bar [7480] : doi ct trong.
Doi ct hnh thnh phn trn un cong ca
sng ngp lt hoc ni nc sng c khng
ch bi nc triu dng.
inner beach [7481] : bi bin trong.
Mt phn ca bi bin c thnh phn ct
c sng bin x y v bo ha mt cch bnh
thng.
inner lamella [7482] : lp bc trong.
Lp mng bng chitin bao bc c th ng
vt V cng (Ostracoda) cc phn trc, bng
v sau v cng, tr phn ra phin trong mp b
calci ha.
inner lamina [7483] : tm trong.
Lp v trong ca phin ngn ng vt V
gip (Crustacea) thuc b Chn ru
(Cirripedia), phn tch vi tm ngoi bng cc
ng dc.
inner lip [7484] : mi trong.
B trong ca ming v Chn bng ko di t
318
chn ca ct gia n ng khu.
inner planets [7485] : cc hnh tinh
vng trong.
Trong Thi Dng h, 4 hnh tinh gn mt
tri nht c xp vo cc hnh tinh vng trong.
l nhng hnh tinh nh, bng . Th t t
gn n xa Mt tri c: Sao Thy (Mercury),
Sao Kim (Venus), Tri t (Earth), Sao Ha
(Mars).
inner plate [7486] : phin trong.
Mt i phin gn thng ng trong b bn
l ca mt s Tay cun thuc lin h
Pentameracea, nm trn cnh bng ca nn mu
tay v gn vi n pha lng.
inner side [7487] : cnh trong.
Phn pha lm vo ca ng gia trc-
sau mt yu t Rng nn (Conodonta).
inorganic [7488]: v c, khng c tnh hu c.
Khng c thnh phn hu c trong t,
khng c c tnh hu c, khng ln hu c
trong t.
inosilicate [7489] : silicat mch.
Silicat mch c gc t din n(SiO3)-2 (mch
n) v n(Si4O11)-6 (mch kp), l nhng anion
phc hp to thnh dng tuyn tnh do lin kt
lin tc cc t din silic-oxygen vi nhau.
Nhng khong vt ca nhm pyroxen c cu
trc mch n, cn nhng khong vt nhm
amphibol cu trc mch kp. n: chain silicate.
inplace [7490] : ti hin trng, ti ch.
Cc th nghim ti hin trng, cc phng
php xc nh c tnh ca t v ti hin
trng, khng ly mu v phng th nghim.
n: in-situ.
insequence stream [7491] : sng lon hng.
Sng ngi pht trin trn b mt hin ti
nhng khng ph hp vi a hnh v dng nh
n khng c khng ch bi cu trc ca v
c im a hnh. Sng ngi "t pht trin" do
kt qu ca cc tai bin t nhin v do vy
thng c dng cnh cy.
insert [7492] : c phin mt gn lin ra
hu mn.
Hin tng c cc phin mt gn vi ra
quanh hu mn ng vt Cu gai
(Echinoidea).
inset [7493] : khe, mng, rnh.
inset terrace [7494] : thm lng, thm kp.
Thm sng c hnh thnh do qu trnh xm
thc su v xm thc ngang lin tc. Do di
tch ca y thung lng trc y c li dng trong ngnh a cht phn tch nhm
hai bn thung lng.
in-situ [7495] : ti ch, ti hin trng.
in-situ density [7496] : t trng ti ch.
T trng ca mt n v nc o c ti
su thc t ca nc.
in-situ pile [7497] : cc nhi.
Cc b tng c hoc khng c khun c
ngay ti v tr ca cng trnh, khc vi loi cc
c c sn sau em ng vo t.
in-situ state of stress [7498] : trng thi ng
sut hin trng.
Thng v rt cn, c xc nh trc,
trong v sau khi thi cng cng trnh. Trng thi
ng sut hin trng l tng vect ca ng sut
ban u (initial stress) v ng sut kch thch
(induced stress) do vic thi cng cng trnh gy
ra. Trng thi ng sut hin trng thng c
xc nh bng cch o trc tip trong cc l
khoan hoc ng hm bng mt s phng
php nh overcoring, undercoring, slotting
stress meter, hydraulic fracturing, sleeve
fracturing, flat jack, v.v.
in-situ testing [7499]: th nghim hin trng.
insizwaite [7500] : insizwait.
Khong vt nhm pyrit: Pt (Bi, Sb)2.
insoluble residue [7501] : tn d khng tan.
Vt liu tn d cn li sau khi phn ln khi
lng ca mt mu b tan trong acid
clohydric hay acid axetic. Thnh phn ch yu
ca n bao gm silic (thch anh, silit) v cc ht
vn khong vt khc, nh glauconit, pyrit,
anhydrit, sphalerit. Thng c vit tt l: IR.
instantaneous isobars [7502] : ng ng p
tc thi.
ng ng p th hin s phn b p sut
bn trong v ti mt thi im c bit.
instantaneous isotherms [7503] : ng ng
nhit tc thi.
ng ng nhit th hin s phn b nhit
bn trong v ti mt thi im c bit.
instrument station [7504] : im o, im
quan st.
V tr t my o gi tr ca trng a
vt l.
instrumental neutron activation analysis
[7505] : phn tch kch hot neutron (INAA).
Phng php phn tch cc nguyn t ha
hc trong mu da trn nguyn tc dng neutron
nhit sinh ra trong l phn ng ht nhn chiu
x vo mu, cc nguyn t trong mu hp th
cc neutron to thnh cc ng v phng x
nhn to m ph phng x ca chng c phn
tch gii on. Phng php INAA c ng
t him(REE), nhm bch kim(PGE), v cc
nguyn t Au, As, Sb, Ta, Hf, U... Phng php
INAA c u im l ch cn mu vt vi lng
nh t 1 n 30g v khng phi phn hy mu
319
bng ha hc.
instrumented drilling [7506] : khoan
quan trc.
Khoan c lp t cc thit b quan trc, o
c.
insular shelf [7507] : thm o.
Mt khu vc y i dng tng t thm
lc a, nhng bao quanh o.
insular slope [7508] : sn o.
Mt khu vc thuc y i dng tng
ng vi sn lc a, nhng bao quanh o.
n: island slope.
insulated stream [7509] : sng sui c lp,
dng c lp.
Sng ngi hay sng sui nhnh (ph) khng
cung cp nc cho i bo ha v cng khng
nhn c nc (sng ngi cch bit). Thng
thng, n c lp khng thm hay lp
cch nc ngn cch.
intact soil [7510] : t dng nguyn vn.
intake structure for water [7511] : kt cu
p chn nc.
integrated drainage [7512] : mng sng hp
lu, mng sng hp dng.
Sng ngi pht trin trong thi k trng
thnh vng kh nng do s hp nht lu vc
sng ca qu trnh xm thc thng ngun
phn thp hoc chy trn qua phn cao ca lu
vc sng do qu trnh bi t mnh lit. Sng
ngi pht trin ni c cc mc xm thc a
phng khc nhau cao hn thay th bng mt
mc c s thp hn.
integrated geophysics [7513] : a vt l t
hp, t hp cc phng php a vt l.
Cc kho st a vt l c tin hnh bng
t hp gm nhiu phng php a vt l nh:
thm d t, thm d trng lc, thm d in,
thm d a chn, v.v.
intensity [7514] : mnh, cng ; cng
ng t (vl).
1- Trong phn tch nh vin thm, kt hp
trn mu cc knh theo nguyn tc RGB v s
dng cc s liu a vt l lm Intensity c th
th hin r cc cu trc a cht.
2- Sc mnh trn ng t, c tnh bng
thang Richter.
intensity of geochemical anomaly [7515] :
cng d thng a ha.
c xc nh bng h s tng phn, l t
s hm lng d thng so vi tr s nn a
phng.
intensity scale [7516] : thang ng t.
Thang phn cp cc trn ng t theo cng
(tng i), thang Richter.
interarea [7517] : din sau.
on sau ca v Tay cun nm gia nh v
ra sau ca mnh, b khe tam gic v khe lng
phn i. Din ny hnh thnh do mt gc gp
t ngt so vi phn cn li ca v v mt ngoi
khng c g hoc ng tng trng th.
interbasin area [7518] : vng gia lu
vc sng.
Khu vc hay vng c hnh tam gic, nm
gia cc lu vc sng nhnh lin k, khng pht
trin lng sng nhng b sung trc tip cho cc
lng sng bc cao hn.
interbed [7519] : lp kp.
Lp mng c hnh thnh gia hoc xen
k vi cc lp khc.
interbrachial [7520] : xen tay, phin xen tay.
Gia cc tay, v d "ra xen tay" ca a Sao
bin (Asterozoa). (dt): Phin Hu bin
(Crinoidea) xut hin lng dng cc gia
cc phin tay ca nhng tia chn rnh k bn
hoc gia cc phin tay ca mt tia n.
interburden [7521] : lp xen, lp kp.
Mt lp trm tch c thnh phn v dy
bt k phn tch hai va than .
intercalation [7522] : xen k, i km, lp kp.
1- S tn ti ca mt hay nhiu lp gia cc
lp khc, nh s c mt ca cc va dung nham
gia cc tng trm tch, s hnh thnh tng ha
thch ring bit gia i ha thch c tnh cht
khc.
2- Sn phm lun c hnh thnh gia cc
lp khc nh s gn vo do xm nhp hoc chn
p trong lot phn lp tn ti t trc.
3- Cc th vt liu c xen vo mt tng
no , nh lp trong i nh hay thu knh
tro ni la trong tch t trm tch.
intercept time [7523] : thi gian truyn sng
php tuyn.
Thi gian truyn sng a chn trn qung
ng bng hai ln chiu su php tuyn n
ranh gii phn x hoc khc x sng. y chnh
l thi gian truyn sng o c my thu khi
sng i t im pht quay tr v im thu dc
tia php tuyn.
intercrater plain [7524] : bnh nguyn gia
cc ni la.
a hnh tng i bng phng gia cc
ming ni la (crater) vng t cao c nhiu
ming ni la trn Sao Ha, Sao Thy v Mt
trng.
interdistributary bay [7525] : vnh gia cc
ph lu.
Ch lm vo r rt ca chu th delta pha
trc, gia cc ca sng nhnh, c nc.
interfacial angle [7526] : gc gia cc mt.
320
 Gc gia hai mt tinh th tip gip nhau ca
khong vt.
interference ripple mark [7527] : du vt
ln sng ngc hng.
Tng ng vi thut ng cross ripple mark.
interfluve hill [7528] : i xen k sng sui.
Di tch cn li, nh tng i phng ca mt
sn dc c trc m s pht trin ca sn b
gin on do cc con sng v thung lng lin k
pht trin mnh hn. c pht hin dc theo
ng phn thy ca lu vc sng trong thi k
trng thnh.
interformational [7529] : gia tng, gian
tng, trong h tng.
c hnh thnh v tn ti gia mt h tng
vi h tng khc. V d nh khng chnh hp
gia h tng.
interformational conglomerate [7530] : cui
kt trong thnh h.
Loi cui kt c mt trong mt thnh h,
trong thnh phn ca n c ngun gc ngoi
lai so vi thnh phn ca thnh h .
intergranular porosity [7531] : hng gia
cc ht.
Thuc tnh l hng gia cc ht trm tch ca
mt loi , v d nh l hng gia cc mnh
vn hoc gia cc mnh vn sinh vt ca mt
loi carbonat trm tch.
intergranular pressure [7532] : p lc
l rng.
p lc l rng ca nc nm gia cc ht
t. n: effective pressure.
intergranular water [7533] : nc l hng.
Nc di t tn ti trong nhng khong
trng gia cc ht t . n: interstitial water;
pore water.
intergrowth [7534] : mc xen.
Trng thi ci vo nhau ca hai khong vt
khc nhau, do s kt tinh ng thi ca chng.
Ss: graphic intergrowth.
interior basin [7535] : min trng ni a
(ni lc).
Min trng hay khu vc st ln c bao bc
hon ton bi t lin cao hn v khng c sng
ngi chy t ra bin hay i dng.
interior drainage [7536] : sng sui ni a.
n : internal drainage.
interior plain [7537] : ng bng pha trong,
ni ng bng.
ng bng hay bnh nguyn nm cch xa
ranh gii ca lc a, tng phn vi ng bng
ven bin (ng bng ni a).
interior valley [7538] : thung lng trong.
Min hay vng st ln rng ln, kn, b mt
phng vng karst. Sng ngi pht trin ngm
di mt t, di c mt vi km n chc km v
di y sng c vt liu bi tch. Thung lng
trong t lin c th tr thnh h pht trin theo
giai on (do c ma l ln).
interlacustrine [7539] : gia cc h.
Thuc v gia cc h. V d "sui chy trn
gia cc h".
interlayering [7540] : nm xen.
S sp xp c trt t hoc v trt t cc yu
t kin trc ca cc khong vt st, cc yu t
phn bit vi nhau bi thnh phn hoc
hng tinh th hc.
interlocking [7541] : lin kt an xen.
(cctr) S lin kt gia cc ht t; Ni v
khe nt tch c nhm tng i ln so vi
chiu rng ca n, c th to nn cc rng, to
nn hiu ng ci kha, lin kt an xen ln
nhau, tng thm sc khng trt ca khe nt.
interlocks of sheet piling [7542] : lin kt vn
c thp.
Lin kt gia cc vn c thp bo v h
o, bo v mi dc.
intermediate focus earthquake [7543] : ng
t c chn tiu su trung bnh.
ng t c chn tiu nm su t
60- 300km.
intermediate plain [7544] : ng bng
trung gian.
ng bng trung gian nm cao gia cc
nh cao nht ca b mt xm thc v y ca
cc thung lng thp nht.
intermittent lake [7545] : h kh theo ma,
h gin on.
H thng ch c nc trong mt thi gian
nht nh trong nm (h pht trin nh k) hoc
h kh theo ma.
intermittent spring [7546] : mch nc
gin on.
Mch nc xut l khng thng xuyn, c
lc c nc (thng v ma ma), c lc kh
kit (ma kh). n: periodic spring.
intermontane plateau [7547] : cao nguyn
gia ni.
Cao nguyn c mt phn hoc ton b c ni
bao quanh v c thnh to cng vi ni. V
d: cao nguyn Tibet.
internal cavity [7548] : khoang trong.
Ming gia ng vt Chn c
(Archaeocyathida) vch n c th so vi
khoang gia cc dng vch kp.
internal drainage [7549] : thot nc ni b.
Thot nc trn mt t, nhng nc khng
chy ra ti bin m ch ti mt vng trng nht
321
hoc vng trung tm ca mt lu vc. Hin
tng ny thng xy ra nhng vng kh cn
hoc bn kh cn. Ngn: external drainage.
X: centripetal drainage pattern. n: interior
drainage; inland drainage; closed drainage;
endorheism.
internal erosion [7550] : xm thc bn trong.
S xm thc ch c nh hng trong trm
tch gn kt, do nc chy qua cc l hng
ln.
internal friction [7551] : lc ni ma st, ma
st trong.
i lng, cng vi lc dnh kt, biu th sc
chng ct ca t di tc dng ca ngoi
lc. Lc ni ma st ti b mt ph hy ti hn t
l thun vi ng sut php tuyn do ngoi lc
sinh ra trn b mt . Ss: cohesion.
internal lobe [7552] : thy trong, thy lng.
Thy pha lng ca v Chn u cun
bnh thng.
internal mould [7553] : khun trong.
Mt khun hay vt in th hin hnh dng v
du vt ca mt trong mt mnh v ha thch
hoc cu trc sinh vt khc, thnh to do s lp
y khoang trong ca mnh v hay ca cu trc
bng vt liu trm tch.
internal sedimentation [7554] : trm tch trong.
S tch t ca cc trm tch mnh vn hoc
ho hc bt ngun t b mt, hoc trong cc
trm tch carbonat t nhiu c kt chc
(bn hay bt), v c thnh to trong cc l
hng th sinh hnh thnh trong m do qu
trnh un np hoc do xm thc trong (internal
erosion).
internal suture [7555] : ng khu trong.
Phn ca ng khu mt lng ca v cun
Chn u ko di gia hai ng vin rn m
mt ta khng thy c nu v khng b v.
International Active Sun Years [7556] : nm
hot ng Mt tri quc t.
Nm thc hin chng trnh lin quc gia
nghin cu hot ng ca Mt tri.
International Association of Hydrogeologists
(IAH) [7557] : Hip hi Quc t cc nh a
cht Thy vn.
International Association of hydrological
Sciences (IAHS) [7558] : Hip hi Quc t
cc Khoa hc Thy vn.
International Geological Congress (IGC)
[7559] : Hi ngh a cht Quc t.
n : IGC.
International gravity formula [7560] : cng
thc trng lc quc t.
Cng thc tnh l thuyt trng trng lc
bnh thng ca Tri t ph thuc vo v :
= 978031,8(1+0,0053024sin2 -
0,0000058sin23) mgal.
International Society for Rock Mechanics
[7561] : Hip hi C hc quc t.
International Union of Geological Science
(IUGS) [7562] : Hip hi Quc t cc Khoa
hc a cht.
interpleural furrow [7563] : rnh xen sn.
Rnh chy ngang trn vng sn khin
ui B ba thy (Trilobita), cho thy ch ni
ca nhng sn lng gip k nhau.
n: interpleural groove; rib furrow.
interpleural groove [7564] : rnh xen sn.
n: interpleural furrow.
interpretation [7565] : lun gii.
interrupted stream [7566] : sng gin on.
Sng b gin on do c nhng on sng
trung gian nht thi xen vo nh ph du hoc c
on i khi khng c nc chy.
intersecting peneplain [7567] : bn bnh
nguyn lin hp.
Mt trong s hai bn bnh nguyn ang to
thnh cnh quan mocvan (hai bn bnh nguyn
hp nht vi nhau).
interstitial water [7568] : nc l hng.
n: intergranular water; pore water.
interstratal karst [7569] : karst gian tng.
Karst c hnh thnh di su trong cc
bn vng nhng khng ha tan.
interstratification [7570] : gian tng, gia
cc tng.
interstratified [7571]:gian tng, gia cc tng.
interstream [7572] : gia cc sng sui.
Khu vc hay din tch t hoc c im a
hnh nm gia hai con sng.
interval [7573] : khong cch, c ly.
interval correlation [7574] : lin h a tng
theo khong, i snh theo khong cch
a tng.
Lin kt a tng trn c s cc khong cch
a tng c xc nh nm gia cc tng
nh du.
interval density [7575] : mt phn khong.
Mt trung bnh ng vi nhng khong
su nht nh, gi tr ny thng c tnh da
vo kt qu o a vt l ging khoan bng
phng php Gamma hay bng phng php
trng lc ging khoan.
interval velocity [7576] : tc phn khong.
Tc d trung bnh ng vi nhng khong
su nht nh, c tnh da vo o carota m
hoc carota a chn, hay bng kt qu x l s
liu o a chn trn mt.
322
 intexine [7577] : mng trong.
n: endexine.
intracoastal [7578] : nm trong b hoc
gn b (tt).
intradelta [7579] : bi bi chu th.
n: delta plain.
intradeposit grade [7580] : phn cp trong
ranh gii m.
intraformational shears [7581] : trt, ct
gia tng.
Hin tng trt, ct gia tng (t, ,
thnh h a cht).
intrinsic permeability [7582]: thm ni ti.
Tnh cht ca mi trng l hng cho cht
lng v kh i qua di tc ng ca trng lc
v p lc.
intrusion [7583] : xm nhp, th xm nhp.
1-Qu trnh thnh to ca magma trong
hnh thnh trc ( vy quanh); hot ng
magma; khi magma thnh to trong vy
quanh. X: pluton. n: injection; emplacement;
invasion; irruption.
2- S tim nhp trm tch trong mt phm vi
rng ln, th d s dch chuyn ln pha trn
mt cch mnh m ca st, phn vi, mui,
thch cao hoc trm tch do khc ti mt nt
diapia.
intrusive [7584] : th xm nhp, xm nhp.
cp n c hin tng xm nhp v th
xm nhp.
intrusive deposit [7585] : m xm nhp.
M c thnh to c lin quan vi hot
ng magma xm nhp. Tng qut c chia ra:
m magma thc s (orthomagmatic), m kh
ho (pneumatolytic, pegmatitic) v m nhit
dch (hydrothermal).
inundation [7586] : lt, ngp.
invariants of stress [7587] : cc i lng bt
bin ca ng sut.
invasion [7588] : bin tin.
n: transgression.
inverse dispersion [7589] : phn tn ngc.
Hin tng tc truyn sng a chn trong
mi trng thay i ph thuc vo tn s trong
cc sng c tn s cng cao th lan truyn
trong mi trng vi tc cng ln. Hin
tng ny dn n phn u ca xung sng,
ng vi thi gian nh s xut hin cc dao ng
tn s cao cn phn ui ca n s ln lt
xut hin cc dao ng c tn s thp dn.
inverse estuary [7590] : ca sng hnh
phu ngc.
Ca sng hnh phu trong s bc hi ln
hn lng nc ngt, do nc bin mn
trn vo.
inverse problem [7591] : bi ton ngc.
Bi ton a vt l tm cc tham s ca i
tng a cht gy d thng nh su, kch
thc, hnh dng th nm, tnh cht vt l, v.v.
hay tm m hnh a cht-a vt l ca cc i
tng gy d thng da vo phn tch cc d
thng a vt l quan st c.
inversion [7592] : o ngc, nghch o.
1- a hnh o (ngc), nh cc np li
chuyn thnh thung lng, cc np lm pht trin
thnh i ni.
2- Dng dung nham lp y khe ni hoc
thung lng sn ni la, to thnh ng phn
thy mi trn nn thung lng v buc sui pht
trin thung lng mi.
invertebrate [7593] : ng vt khng xng
sng (Invertebrata).
Dt: ng vt ca mt nhm ln c c trng
l khng c ct sng, nh Thn mm
(Mollusca), Chn t (Arthropoda), v Rut
khoang (Coelenterata). Tt: Ni v (thuc) mt
ng vt khng c ct sng.
invertebrate paleontology [7594] : mn c
sinh vt khng xng sng.
Ngnh c sinh vt nghin cu cc ha thch
ca ng vt khng xng sng.
n: invertebrate paleozoology.
invertebrate paleozoology [7595] : mn c
ng vt khng xng sng.
n: invertebrate paleontology.
inverted metamorphic zones [7596] : i
bin cht o ngc.
i bin cht c khong vt ch th trnh
cao nm trn i trnh thp trong v hin ti.
Cu trc nh vy hoc c hnh thnh nguyn
thy do s phn b o ngc ca nhit hoc
do bin dng sau bin cht.
inverted relief [7597] : a hnh ngc.
Dng da hnh ngc vi cu trc a cht v
d nh ni hnh thnh trn np lm v sng sui
hnh thnh trn np li. X: inversion (m).
inverted stream [7598] : dng chy ngc,
sng ngc dng.
1- Dng chy ngc v pha sng cp dng.
2- Ngha t s dng hn: dng chy khng
thun hng (ngc hng) vi cu trc a cht
ca t .
inverted unconformity [7599] : khng chnh
hp o.
Khng chnh hp m cc tng tr hn t
ngt b o ngc di cc c hn, l kt qu
ca hot ng un np mnh m.
inverted well [7600] : ging hp th.
323
 Ging thu nc phn ming ging sau
nc chy vo tng thm phia di.
involute [7601] : cun cht, cun m vng.
cun ca v Trng l n mc vng cun
ngoi ph ln vng trong lin k, hay ca v
Chn bng c vng cui cng bao ly cc vng
trc, hay ca v Chn u c cc vng cun
m ph ly nhau lm cho rn ch cn rt hp.
inyoite [7602] : inyoit.
Khong vt h n nghing, khng mu:
Ca2B6O11.13H2O.
iodargyrite [7603] : iodargyrit.
Khong vt h su phng mu vng nht
hoc xanh nht: AgI. n: iodyrite.
iodate [7604] : iodat.
Khong vt c gc c trng IO3, nh salesit:
Cu(IO3)(OH).
iodine [7605] : iod (I).
Nguyn t ha hc s 53, tn Latinh l
iodum. Ngi u tin tm ra iod l nh ha hc
Php B.Courtois. Nm 1811, ng iu ch c
mt cht mi dng bt mu en, khi un nng
bin thnh hi mu tm. Nh vt l J.Gay-
Lussac da vo mu tm t tn cho nguyn
t mi l ioeides, ting c Hy Lp c ngha
l "tm". Iod l nguyn t kh him (4.10-5%
khi lng v Tri t) v phn tn. Ngi ta
iu ch iod t tro ca to bin c kh nng tch
lu hp cht iod. To dp (Laminaria Japonica)
l in hnh. Ngi ta cn iu ch iod t dung
dch nh nc trong du m, nc mui ca mt
s h. Vic thiu iod kinh nin ph hoi nghim
trng qu trnh trao i cht, gy ra bnh bu
c v n n. Chnh v vy ngi ta cho
thm vo mui n bn trn th trng mt lng
nh mui iodua. Trong thc hnh y hc, dung
dch iod trong nc, ru c dng lm
thuc st trng ngay t na cui th k 19.
Nhng cn nh rng vi liu lng ln iod s
gy bng v ng c. Trong iu kin thng,
iod trng thi rn, tinh th mu en xm, nh
kim. Nguyn t lng 126,9044; t trng 4,93
g/cm3, thuc nhm halogen khng kim loi
nng, atmophil, lithophil; c 1 ng v bn I127
v 41 ng v khng bn t I108 n I142. Hm
lng I trong cc (ppm): v lc a trn l
1,4; siu mafic 0,05; gabro-basalt 0,11; granit
granodiorit 0,17; phin 1,5; nc i dng
0,006 mg/l, nc sng sui 0,007mg/l. Cc
khong vt tiu biu l lautarit Ca(IO3)2, marsit
CuI, iodyrit AgI, iodobromit Ag(Cl,Br,I).
Phng php phn tch: ICP-MS. c s dng
trong ngnh xc tc, nh, y, mui n, v.v.
iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) [7606] :
cc ri lon do thiu ht iod.
Cc ri lon chc nng sinh l ngi v
ng vt do sng trong mi trng thiu iod (do
thc n, nc ung rt ngho iod) biu hin
bng mt s bnh c th, trong r rt nht l
bnh bu c, n n. Ngoi ra cn c nhng
biu hin khc nh ph n mang thai hay b sy,
tr em chm ln, ln, cm ic, lc mt; b ci
khng c sa, g vt khng trng, cu khng
c lng, v.v.
iodobromite [7607] : iodobromit.
Khong vt ng thc: Ag(Br,Cl,I).
iodyrite [7608] : iodyrit.
n: iodargyrite.
iolanthite [7609] : iolanthit.
Khong vt ngc bch mu nht, dng di.
iolite [7610] : iolit.
Loi qu. n: cordierite.
ionic substitution [7611] : thay th ion.
S thay th mt hoc nhiu ion trong cu trc
tinh th bi cc ion c cng kch thc v
in tch.
ionium [7612] : ioni.
ng v phng x, xut hin t nhin ca
thori, k hiu Io, nguyn t lng 230, l mt
thnh vin ca cc dy urani v sinh ra t
urani-234.
ionium deficiency method [7613] : phng
php thiu ioni.
Tnh tui cho ha thch san h hoc s hn
c tui t 10000 n 250000 nm, da trn c
s s tng trng ca ioni (Th-230) cn bng
vi U-238 v U-234.
ionium excess method [7614] : phng php
tha ioni.
Tnh tui cho cc trm tch bin su hnh
thnh khong 300.000 nm trc y da trn
c s gi thit rng hm lng ioni khi u ca
cc tch t trm tch l mt hng s v l tha
ioni. Tui trm tch ty thuc vo hm lng
tha ioni ny v n gim dn theo thi gian.
ionium thorium age method [7615] : phng
php ioni-thori tnh tui.
Tnh tui cho cc trm tch bin su hnh
thnh khong 300.000 nm trc y da trn
c s gi thit rng t s Th-230 khi u ca
cc tch t trm tch l hng s. Tui ty thuc
vo t s Th-230/Th-232 v chng gim dn
theo thi gian. n: thorium-230/thorium-232
age method.
ionization constant [7616] : hng s ion ha.
n: dissociation constant.
ionization potential [7617] : th ion ha.
Nng lng trn din tch n v cn a
mt electron t mt loi nguyn t hoc phn t
324
no ra xa v hn, thng biu th theo von,
cn gi l ion potential.
ionizing radiation [7618] : bc x ion ha.
Cc ht c kh nng gy ra tng tc ht
nhn trong nng lng gii phng ra
gy nn s ion ha. Cn gi l ionization
radiation.
iowaite [7619] : iowait.
Khong vt: Mg4 Fe+3(OH)8OCl2-4H2O.
iragite [7620] : iragit.
Khong vt h bn phng:
K(La,Ce,Th)2(Ca,La,Na)5Si10O40.
iranite [7621] : iranit.
Khong vt h ba nghing mu vng ngh:
Pb10Cu(CrO4)6(SiO4)2(F,OH)2. n: khuniite.
iraquite [7622] : iraquit.
Khong vt h bn phng:
K(La,Ce,Th)2(Ca,La,Na)5Si16O40.
irarsite [7623] : irarsit.
Khong vt: (Ir,Ru,Rb,Pt)AsS, c dng cng
lot vi holingworthit.
irhtemite [7624] : irhtemit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
Ca4MgH2(AsO4)4.
iridium [7625] : iridi (Ir).
Nguyn t ha hc s 77, nguyn t lng
192,2173; t trng 22,42 g/cm3, thuc nhm
kim loi nng nhm platin (PGE); c 2 ng v
bn v 42 ng v khng bn. Hm lng Ir
trong v lc a trn l 0,00002. Cc khong vt
tiu biu l irarsit (Ir, Ru, Rh, Pt)AsS,
holingroorthit (Rh, Pd, Pt, Ir)AsS. Phng php
phn tch: ICP-MS. c s dng lm hp kim
platin c bit.
iridosmine [7626] : iridosmin.
Khong vt khi thoi mu trng thic hoc
xm-thp: (Os, Ir), hp kim t nhin gm 20-
68% Iridi v 32-80% Osmi. Iridosmin thng
cha Rh, Pt, Ru, Fe v Cu. Ss: osmiridium.
n: iridosmium.
iridosmium [7627] : iridosmi.
n: iridosmine.
iriginite [7628] : iriginit.
Khong vt th sinh mu vng nht:
(UO2)Mo2O7.3H2O.
iris [7629] : khong vt ng sc.
1- Tinh th thch anh trong sut c nhng
khe nt bn trong cha y dung dch pht ra
nh sng lp lnh nhiu mu do giao thoa.
Nhng khe nt l t nhin hoc nhn to do
nung nng v lm ngui t ngt mu vt.
n: iris quartz, rainbow quartz.
2- Khong vt c nhiu mu lp lnh, nh
california iris (kunzit).
IRM (Isothermal remament magnetization)
[7630] : t ha d ng nhit.
T tnh m khi cn gi li c (t tnh
d) do trng t c to ra khi khi magma
nng chy c nhit c nh.
iron [7631] : st (Fe), thin thch st, st
t sinh.
1- Tn Latinh l ferrum. Nguyn t ha hc
s 26, nguyn t lng 55,8452; t trng 7,874
g/cm3, thuc nhm kim loi nng, chalcophil,
siderophil, c 4 ng v bn v 22 ng v
khng bn. Hm lng Fe trong cc (ppm):
v lc a trn l 30890, siu mafic 94000,
gabro - basalt 86000, granit granodinrit 20000,
phin 55000, trong t 35.000, nc i
dng 0,002 mg/l, nc sng sui 0,04mg/l. Cc
khong vt tiu biu l magnetit, hematit, goetit,
limonit, siderit, pyrit. Phng php phn tch:
XRF, ICP-AES, ICP-MS. c s dng trong
xy dng, luyn thp, giao thng, v.v.
2- Thin thch st. X: iron meteorite.
3- St t sinh. X: iron mineral.
Iron age [7632] : Thi i st.
Trong kho c hc c h thng 3 thi i th
y l thi i cui cng v c c trng bi
cng ngh st. Ty tng vng trn th gii,
thi i st cc thi gian l tng i khc
nhau. V d, thi i st chu u bt u
nm 1100 truc cng nguyn, nhng chu M
li mun hn cho n khi tip xc vi chu u
mi bt u c thi i st.
iron alum [7633] : halotrichit.
Khong vt FeAl2(SO4).22H2O c cc tinh
th si mu vng. n: feather alum; iron alum;
butter rock; mountain butter.
iron ball [7634] : kt hch st.
n: ballstone.
iron bearing formation [7635] : thnh h
cha st.
iron cordierite [7636] : secaninait.
Khong vt thuc nhm cordierit.
iron formation [7637] : thnh h st.
trm tch ha hc c cha t nht 15% Fe
ngun gc trm tch. Hu ht thnh h st c
tui Tin Cambri.
iron froth [7638] : qung st xp.
Mt bin th ca hematit c cha mica
xp p.
iron glance [7639] : qung st bng.
Mt bin th ca hematit dng vy,
specularit.
iron hat [7640] : m st, gossan.
Sn phm phong ha giu st nm trn m
khong sulfua, cn gi l gossan. n: capping,
325
leached capping, chapeau de fer.
iron hypersthene [7641] : hypersthen
cha st.
Hypersthen giu st, cn c ngha l ferosilit.
iron manganese ore [7642] : qung st-
mangan.
iron meteorite [7643] : thin thch st.
Tn chung ch cc thin thch c cha ch
yu st, nickel, trong st chim 4-30% hoc
nhiu hn, v d hexahedrite, octahedrite,
atacide. n: iron; siderite; meoteric iron.
iron mica [7644] : mica cha st.
Thut ng ch: lepidomelan, mica en giu
st; biotit giu st; hematit dng mica.
iron mineral [7645] : st t sinh.
Khong vt st nng, hot tnh mnh, khi
sch c mu trng bc nhng thng b oxi ha
trong khng kh. St t sinh him gp trong v
Tri t, thng dng ht trong basalt, nhng
gp nhiu trong thin thch.
iron monticellite [7646] : monticelit st.
n: kirschsteinite.
iron olivine [7647] : olivin cha st.
n: fayalite.
iron ore [7648] : qung st.
Qung chnh ca st bao gm ch yu cc
oxid: hematit, goetit v cacbonat: siderit hoc
chalybit (FeCO3).
iron pan [7649] : cc st.
Danh t chung ch cc cc st cng trong t,
trong st oxid l cc tc nhn xi mng chnh.
C nhiu kiu cc st tm thy cc vng
kh v m t, trong t vi cc cu trc khc
nhau.
iron pyrites [7650] : pyrit st.
n: pyrit; marcasit.
Cn c vit: iron pyrite.
iron range [7651] : rng ni st.
Danh t c dng vng H Ln, Hoa K
v Canada ch di thnh h st.
iron sand [7652] : ct cha st.
Ct c cha khong vt st (thng l
magnetit) dc b bin.
iron shale [7653] : phin st.
Vt liu c kin trc p phin gm cc oxid
st v c hnh thnh do phong ha cc thin
thch st.
iron spar [7654] : khong vt carbonat st.
n: siderite.
iron spinel [7655] : spinel st.
n: hercynite.
iron stony meteorite [7656] : thin thch st.
Thin thch cha st c t nht 25% c
silicat nickel st ln silicat baz nng.
iron vitriol [7657] : st sulfat.
FeSO4.7H2O. Melanterit l khong vt n
nghing mu lc, xanh lc.
ironshot [7658] : vn di st.
Tt: Khong vt c vn di qung st; Cha
cc kt hch nh hoc trng c limonit hoc
hematit.
Dt: Trng c limonit trong vn di st.
ironstone [7659] : cha st.
trm tch giu st hoc kt ta trc tip
nh trm tch c cha st hoc do thay th
ha hc.
ironstone cap [7660] : m st.
Phn trn mt hoc gn trn mt ca st
c gn st.
irradiance [7661] : nng lng bc x b mt.
Nng lng bc x trong mt n v thi
gian trn mt n v din tch xy ra trn b
mt.
irrigation [7662] : ti tiu.
Ti tiu nc trong thy li.
irrigation ditch [7663] : mng ti tiu.
isanomaly [7664] : ng ng d thng.
ng v trn cc bn a vt l, ni cc
im c cng gi tr d thng ca cc trng
a vt l, nh d thng t, d thng in, d
thng trng lc, d thng in tr, d thng
tc , v.v. n: isoanomaly; isanomalous line.
iserite [7665] : iserit.
Thut ng ch loi rutil cn nghi ng c hm
lng FeO cao. n: iserine.
ishikawaite [7666] : ishikawait.
Khong vt mu en:
(U,Fe,Y,Ce)(Nb,Ta)O4.
ishkulite [7667] : ishkulit.
Loi magnetit cha crom.
ishkyldite [7668] : ishkyldit.
Khong vt: Mg15S11O27(OH)20, c th l loi
crysotil cha nhiu silic.
isinglass [7669] : isinglas.
Loi muscovit dng lp mng.
island arc [7670] : cung o.
n: volcanic arc.
island hill [7671] : i o.
i n l, c phn l gc b ph ng ta
h nh cc o gia bi bi tch (c ct).
island mountain [7672] : ni o.
Ni t nhiu c thung lng bao quanh v do
ngn cch vi cc dy ni v h sng sui
khc.
iso-orthoclase [7673] : iso-orthoclas.
Loi orthoclas quang trc dng, c trong
granito-gneis. n: isorthoclase; isorthose.
isochore [7674] : ng ng chiu dy.
326
 L nhng ng v trn bn ni cc im
c cng chiu dy gp trong l khoan cho phn
v di mt t. Gi tr chiu dy phi c tnh
theo chiu dy tht ca phn v.
isochore map [7675] : bn ng chiu dy.
1- Bn th hin chiu dy gp trong l
khoan ca mt phn v a tng nht nh theo
ng ng chiu dy chnh.
n: convergence map.
2- Bn th hin bng ng ng mc
khong cch ti mt b cha du, l mt tip
xc gia nc du vi mi ca b cha du.
Cn c s dng tnh ton khi lng b
cha du.
isochromatic [7676] : ng sc.
isochron [7677] : ng ng thi (vl).
ng ni trn bn hoc mt ct a chn
cc im c cng thi gian truyn sng ca cc
sng phn x hoc khc x ng vi mt ranh
gii nht nh.
isoclasite [7678] : isoclasit.
Khong vt mu trng: Ca2(PO4)(OH).2H2O.
isoclinic line [7679] : ng ng t khuynh,
ng ng gc nghing.
ng v trn bn a t hoc bn d
thng t, ni cc im c cng gi tr ca mt
yu t a t no : Yu t thng ng Z, yu
t nm ngang H, v.v.
isodesmic [7680] : cng lin kt, ng lin kt.
Tinh th hoc vt cht khc c khong cch
lin kt ion bng nhau, nh NaCl.
Ss: anisodesmic.
isodimorphous [7681] : ng lng hnh.
Hai vt th kt tinh cng dng.
isodont [7682] : rng u.
Ni v b rng ca Thn mm hai mnh (th
d Spondylus v Plicatula), gm mt s t rng
bn l xp sp i xng vi nhau.
isoferroplatium [7683] : isoferoplati.
Khong vt h lp phng: Pt3Fe.
isogal [7684] : ng ng gi tr trng lc.
ng c cng gi tr trng lc (tnh
bng mGal).
isogeotherm [7685] : ng ng a nhit.
ng v trn cc bn a nhit, ni cc
im c cng nhit .
isogon [7686] : ng ng t thin, ng
ng gc lch t.
ng v trn cc bn a l, ni cc
im c cng gi tr (gc t thin) gc lch t.
isohaline [7687] : ng ng mn.
Mt ng ni cc im c cng mn ca
nc bin.
isohypse [7688] : ng ng cao.
ng m cc im trn c cao
bng nhau.
isokite [7689] : isokit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu trng:
CaMg(PO4)F, ng hnh vi tilastit. Loi
isokit hydroxid tng t vi panasqueirait.
isolated foundation [7690] : mng n, mng
c lp.
isolated porosity [7691] : rng cch ly.
Tnh cht ca t c cc khe h khng lin
h vi nhau.
isoline [7692] : ng ng tr.
ng i qua cc im c cng gi tr.
isomagnetic line [7693] : ng ng t.
ng v trn cc bn a t hoc bn
d thng t, ni cc im c cng gi tr ca
mt yu t a t no : yu t thng ng Z,
yu t nm ngang H, yu t ton phn T.
isomertieite [7694] : isomertieit.
Khong vt h lp phng:
(Pd,Cu)5(Sb,As)2 a hnh vi mertieit.
isometric [7695] : cng kch thc.
isometric system [7696] : h lp phng.
Mt trong 6 h tinh th, c trng bi 4 trc
bc 3 trng vi ng cho khi ca mng c
s lp phng. N gm 5 lp tinh th hay 5
nhm im. Ss: hexagonal system; tetragonal
system; orthorhombic system; monoclinic
system; triclinic system. n : cubic system.
isomicroline [7697] : isomicrolin.
Loi microlin quang trc dng.
isomorphism [7698] : hin tng ng hnh.
c trng cho hai hoc nhiu vt th kt tinh
c thnh phn ha hc, cc h s trc, dng tinh
th khc nhau nhng kt tinh trong mt lp tinh
th. Ss: isostructural. n: allomerism.
isomorphous [7699] : ng hnh.
Dt: isomorphism. n: isomorphic.
isomorphous mixture [7700] : hn hp
ng hnh.
n: isomorphous series.
isomorphous series [7701] : lot ng hnh.
Hai hay nhiu vt th kt tinh biu hin s
ng hnh, v d nh olivin lun thnh to trong
t nhin t dung dch-cng: Mg2SiO4 v Fe2SiO4
l forsterit v fayalit c kch thc mng,
tnh cht vt l, t s Mg/Fe thay i nhng
cng trong mt lot ng hnh.
n: solid-solution series.
isomorphous substitution [7702] : thay th
ng hnh.
isomyarian [7703] : c c u, hai mnh c
c u.
Cc mnh v, nht l Thn mm hai mnh,
327
c hai c khp c ln bng nhau hay gn
bng nhau; mt Thn mm hai mnh c b c
nh vy.
Isopachs [7704] : ng ng dy.
ng minh ha dy thc ca mt a
tng. Ngi ta xy dng cc bn ng dy
ch ra s phn b v chiu dy ca mt phn v
a tng no , c khi ch l mt tp ct dy vi
mt, nhng cng c khi l c mt phn v a
tng gm nhiu tp t, , dy vi km. Bn
ng dy rt c ch trong vic xc nh bi
cnh kin to phn v a tng hnh
thnh. Th d, hnh thi ca mt b trm tch, v
tr ca ng b bin, cc khu vc nng, v
trong mt vi trng hp, bin nng v mc
xi mn, c th nhn bit c bng cch o
v nhng bin i v dy ca mt phn v a
tng no .
isoperthite [7705] : isoperthit.
Loi feldspar kali mc xen k (perthitic) mt
hay hai loi feldspar khc nhau, nhng cng mt
lot ng hnh.
isopollen [7706] : ng ng phn.
im ni cc im trn bn mu c cng
t l hoc s lng phn hoa.
isopor [7707] : ng ng bin thin th k.
ng v trn cc bn a l ni cc im
c cng gi tr bin thin th k ca cc yu t
a t.
isoseism [7708] : ng ng chn.
ng ni cc im trn mt t c cng
cng ng t.
isoseismal line [7709] : ng ng chn.
im ni cc im c cng cng ng
t. n: isoseism; isoseismal.
isostasy [7710] : ng tnh.
isostatic anomaly [7711] : d thng
ng tnh.
D thng trng lc tnh c sau khi thc
hin php hiu chnh ng tnh.
isostatic correction [7712] : hiu chnh ng
tnh.
Loi hiu chnh trng lc, tnh theo gi
thuyt cho rng trong lng t tn ti mt ng
tnh m trn mi im ca n p sut ca cc
ct t pha trn ln, khng ph thuc vo
cu trc a cht, a hnh li, lm ca mt t
hon ton nh nhau. Theo gi thuyt ny th
khi lng "d" ca cc vng ni cao c cn
bng do cc khi nm di chng c mt
thp, cn cc vng c a hnh thp (bin, i
dng,...) th khi lng "ht" c b li bi
cc khi nm di chng c mt cao.
isostropic [7713] : ng hng.
C cng cc tnh cht theo mi hng. Trong
l thuyt kt cu, thut ng c ngha l c cng
cng , modun n hi v h s Poison theo
mi hng.
isostructural [7714] : ng cu trc.
S thnh to tinh th c thnh phn ha hc
khc nhau, nhng c cu trc ging nhau, t
khuynh hng ng hnh.
isotherm [7715] : ng ng nhit.
ng ni cc im trn mt t c cng gi
tr nhit trung bnh tnh cho nhng khong
thi gian nht nh nh: mt nm, mt
thng, v.v.
isothermal [7716] : ng nhit.
isotime line [7717] : ng ng thi.
ng ni cc im c cng mt thi gian
a chn n im .
isotomous [7718] : tay chia nhnh u.
Tay ca Hu bin (Crinoidea) c trng bng
s phn chia thnh nhng nhnh bng nhau.
isotope [7719] : cht ng v.
Cc nguyn t ha hc c nguyn t khi
khc nhau song c in tch ging nhau nn
c xp nm mt nht nh trong bng tun
hon Mendeleev.
isotope dilution analysis [7720] : phn tch
pha long ng v.
Phng php phn tch dng ng v nh
du cng loi nh cht c nh lng thm
vo dung dch mu, sau c phn tch nh
lng thng qua o phng x.
isotope geology [7721] : a cht ng v.
Mt nhnh ca a cht hc nghin cu cc
ng v phng x v ng v bn, c bit ch
cc hm lng ng v trong a cht, tnh ton
tui ca cc thnh to a cht, xc nh ngun
gc, c ch v iu kin ca cc qu trnh a
cht. n: isotope geochemistry; nuclear
geology; nuclear geochemistry; radiogeology.
isotope ratio [7722] : t s ng v.
T s hm lng ca hai ng v ca mt
nguyn t. V d: O18/O16. Thng thng ng
v nng c vit ln trn ng v nh.
isotopic age determination [7723] : xc nh
tui ng v.
Cn gi l radiometric dating.
isotopic hydrogeology [7724] : a cht thy
vn ng v.
Lnh vc a cht thy vn nghin cu cc
nguyn t ng v trong nc nhm xc nh
tui, ngun gc, tnh trng nhim ca nc,
quan h thy lc gia nc di t vi nc
mt hoc gia cc tng cha nc vi nhau.
isotopic number [7725] : s ng v, s lng
neutron vt tri.
328
 S neutron tha ngha l s neutron tr i s
proton trong mt ht nhn nguyn t. N thng
ch hot tnh phng x ca ht nhn nguyn t.
Itai-itai [7726] : bnh Itai-itai.
Bnh nhim c cadimi gy hy hoi xng
xy ra vng Itai-itai Nht Bn, do c t
tn theo a danh.
itoite [7727] : itoit.
Khong vt h thoi: Pb3GeO2(SO4)2(OH)2.
I-type granite [7728] : granit kiu I.
Tn chung cho lot granit kim-vi bo
ho nhm, ch yu l tonalit ti granodiorit v
granit, c c trng bi s c mt ca thch
anh, plagioclas v feldspar kim (vi t l thay
i), hornblend v biotit. Muscovit thng vng
mt. Tip u ng I ch vt liu ngun ca cc
c thnh phn magma (t ch igneous -
magma).
IUGS [7729] : Hip hi quc t cc khoa hc
a cht.
Vit tt t : International Union of
Geological Sciences.
IUGS classification [7730] : bng phn loi
ca IUGS.
Bng phn loi c tha nhn dng cho
pluton, hon thnh vo nm 1973 do Tiu
ban Phn loi magma (Subcommission on the
systematics of Ignerous Rocks) ca Hip hi
a cht Quc t (International Union of
Geology Sciences-IUGS), do A.I. Streckeisen
lm ch tch.
Bng phn loi da trn s so snh 5 nhm
khong vt. Q=thch anh v cc dng khc ca
SiO2, A=feldspar kim, P=plagioclas nhiu Ca
hn An50 v scapolit, F=feldsparoid (foid),
M=cc dng khc (mafit). Nu t l phn trm
ca mafit M nh hn 90 th c phn loi
da theo v tr ca n trong hai biu tam gic
QAPF. Cc siu mafic (M=90 n 100) th
c phn loi theo s so snh ca cc mafit.
Mt bng phn loi chi tit hn cho cc
gabro cng c xy dng. Phn loi trnh
by khng p dng cho cc charnockit.
iwakiite [7731] : iwakiit.
Khong vt:
(Mn,Mg)(Fe+3,Mn+3,Si,Al,Ti)2O4, thuc h
spinel, lng hnh khi t phng vi jacobsit.
I wave [7732] : sng I.
Loi sng ng t dc lan truyn trong v
Tri t.
ixiolite [7733] : ixiolit.
Khong vt: (Ta, Nb, Sn, Fe, Mn)4 O8, c
xem l hp cht ca casiterit vi columbit hoc
tapiolit v mangan-tantalat, ng hnh vi
tapiolit v mosit. Ixiolit cha Nb tng t vi
ashanit.
329
 jacinth [7734] : jacinth.
1- Zircon, c bit zircon mu vng hoc
nu. Thut ng ny lc u gi l hyacinth ch
loi zircon mu hoc vng cam. Zircon mu
vng, trong sut l loi qu.
2- Esonit da cam n da cam. Thut ng
c dng trc y trong thng mi qu
Hoa K.
jack [7735] : kch thy lc (cctr) ; jack (kv).
1- (cctr) S dng kch thy lc nng vt
nng hoc p cc.
2- Khong vt ca qung km, c trng
sphalerit.
3- Than nn nm trong phin st; cha tan
dng nn; phin st; kt hch st ln trong
cc va than x Wales.
jacobsite [7736] : jacobsit.
Khong vt c t tnh mu en ca lot
magnetit trong nhm spinel:
(Mn+2,Fe+2,Mg)(Fe+3Mn+3)2O4.
jade [7737] : jad, ngc thch.
1- qu cng, rt bn, c st, gm
khong vt pyroxen jadeit hoc khong vt
amphibol nephrit, c thang mu t sm hoc
xanh m n nht mu hoc trng xanh nht.
Ngc thch (jad) c th nh bng tt, s dng
lu di lm hng m ngh, trang sc.
n: jadestone.
2- Thut ng dng ch khong vt mu xanh,
cng, nh "California jade" (hoc californit,
loi vesuvianit c st mu xanh), "Mexican
jade" (hoc tuxtlit, loi calcit mu xanh thm),
sausurit, v silimanit, pectolit, granat (garnet),
serpentin c mu xanh.
jadeite [7738] : jadeit.
Khong vt c thnh to p lc cao ca
nhm clinopyroxen: Na(Al,Fe)Si2O6, c mu
xanh khc nhau, ch yu Myanmar, s dng
lm trang sc.
jadestone [7739] : ngc, jad.
n: jade.
jager [7740] : jager.
Kim cng mu trng xanh nht, cht
lng cao.
jagoite [7741] : jagoit.
Khong vt mu xanh vng:
Pb3FeSi3O10(OH,Cl).
jagowerite [7742] : jagowerit.
Khong vt h ba nghing:
BaAl2(PO4)2(OH)2.
jahnsite [7743] : jahnsit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
CaMn(Mg,Fe)2Fe2+3.
jalpaite [7744] : jalpait.
Khong vt mu xm ch: Ag3CuS2.
jamborite [7745] : jamborit.
Khong vt h su phng:
(Ni+2,Ni+3,Fe)(OH)2(OH,S,H2O)(?).
jamesite [7746] : jamesit.
Khong vt: Pb2Zn2Fe5+3O4(AsO4)5.
jamesonite [7747] : jamesonit.
Khong vt h thoi mu xm ch n en
xm: Pb4FeSb6S14, khong vt qung khng
quan trng ca ch, thnh thong cha ng v
km. Jamesonit c nh kim dng si.
n: feather ore; gray antimony.
Janbu's modified method of slices [7748] :
phng php Janbu.
Phng php lt ct ci tin ca Janbu (dng
tnh n nh ca mi dc).
janggunite [7749] : jangunit.
Khong vt: Mn5-x+4(Mn+2 Fe+3)1+xO8(OH)6.
Japanese twin law [7750] : lut song
tinh Nht.
Lut song tinh trong thch anh, song tinh chi
phi trong hai n tinh vi mt tip hp (1122).
jargoon [7751] : jargun
qu zircon khng mu, vng nht hoc
m khi Ceylon. n: jargon.
jarlite [7752] : jarlit.
330
 Khong vt khng mu n mu nu nht:
NaSr3Al3F16.
jarosite [7753] : jarosit.
1- Khong vt mu vng hoc mu nu ca
nhm alunit: KFe3(SO4)2 (OH)6. n: utahit.
2- Nhm khong vt cha sulfat st ha tr
2, bao gm jarosit, natrojarosit, amoniojarosit
v hydroniumjarosit.
jaskolskiite [7754] : jaskolskiit.
Khong vt: Pb2+xCux(Sb,Bi)2-xS5, thuc lot
meneghinit homologous.
jasper [7755] : bin th ca silic.
Bin th ca silic (chert) hp vi cc loi
qung st v cha cc tp cht oxid st to mu
khc nhau, trong mu l mu c trng,
mc d silic c mu vng, lc, xanh pht
xm, nu v en cng c gi l jasper.
n: jasperite; jaspis; jasperoid.
jasper opal [7756] : opal ngc bch.
Opal m c mu nu hoc vng nu cha
oxid st v nhng tp cht khc c mu vng
ngc bch nhng vn c nh opal, mt s loi
c mu nu nht n .
n: jasopal; opal jasper.
jasperoid [7757] : nhm jasper, jasperoid.
Loi silic mu xm, c st, trong
chalcedon v thch anh n tinh thay th cc
khong vt carbonat ca vi hay dolomit.
Cng ch loi vi b silic ho.
jaspilite [7758] : jasper.
1- Loi silic c st, cu to phn di
cha t nht 25% st, xut l cng vi cc loi
qung st, ging nh jasper.
2- Thut ng c s dng ch yu
Australia ch thnh h qung st phn di.
n: jasper bar.
jaspopal [7759] : jaspopal.
n: jasper opal.
jaw crusher [7760] : my nghin kp hm.
jeanbandyite [7761] : jeanbandyit.
Khong vt: Fe1-x+3Sn1-y+4(OH)6 hoc
(Fe1-x+3 x)(Sn1-y4 y)(OH)6, thuc nhm stotit
v quan h vi wickmanit v shoenfliesit.
jebel [7762] : i, ni, dy ni.
Ting a phng Rp ch i, ni hoc
rng ni, dy ni. n: jabal, djebel
jefferisite [7763] : jeferisit, phin silic
giu st.
Mt bin th ca vermiculit.
jeffersonite [7764] : jefersonit.
Khong vt mu xanh-m hoc en-xanh
nht ca nhm clinopyroxen:
Ca(Mn,Zn,Fe)Si2O6
jenkinsite [7765] : jenkinsit.
Loi antigorit cha st.
jennite [7766] : jenit.
Khong vt: Na2Ca8(SiO3)3(Si2O7).
jeppeite [7767] : jepeit.
Khong vt: (K,Ba)2(Ti,Fe)6O13.
jeremejevite [7768] : jeremejevit.
Khong vt h su phng khng mu n
mu nu-vng nht: Al6B5O15(OH)3.
n: eremeyevite.
jeromite [7769] : jeromit.
Khong vt: As(S, Se2) (?).
jet [7770] : bm pht (cctr); phun.
1- Phun nc di p lc cao, bm pht
dung dch di p lc x l nn.
2- Cc my in nh inkjet, lazerjet l my in
dng k thut phun mc in ln giy.
jet bit [7771] : li khoan c vi phun (cthv).
jet flow [7772] : dng chy mnh.
Mt kiu dng chy c nc chy rt mnh,
dng nc lao ln ta nh "my bay phn lc",
thng gp ni tc dng rt ln dc theo
lng sui nghing.
jetty bridge [7773] : cu tu.
jew's stone [7774] : gai dng chy.
Gai dng chy ln ha thch ca Nhm
bin (Echinoidea).
jezekite [7775] : jezekit
n: morinite.
jimboite [7776] : jimboit.
Khong vt h thoi: Mn3(BO3)2, ng kin
trc vi kotoit.
joaquinite [7777] : joaquinit.
Khong vt mu vng-mt ong:
NaBa2Ce2Fe(Ti,Nb)2Si8O26(OH,F).
joch [7778] : ng o.
ng i qua ni (o) dc theo nh tng
i phng gia hai sn song song vi nhau.
joesmithite [7779] : joesmithit.
Khong vt:
PbCa2(Mg,Fe)4Fe+3Si6O22(OH)4(O,OH)8.
johachidolite [7780] : johachidolit.
Khong vt khng mu, trong:
Na2Ca3Al4B6O14(F,OH)10.
johanite [7781] : johanit.
Khong vt th sinh mu xanh:
Cu(UO2)2(SO4)2(OH)2.6H2O. n: gilpinite.
johannsenite [7782] : johansenit.
Khong vt mu nu inh hng, xm nht
hoc xanh nht thuc nhm clinopyroxen:
CaMnSi2O6.
johillerite [7783] : johilerit.
Khong vt: Na(Mg,Zn)3Cu(AsO4)3, quan h
cht ch vi o'daninelit.
johnson bar [7784] : b hm ti khoan.
331
 johnstrupite [7785] : johnstrupit.
Khong vt mu xanh-nu nht:
(Ca,Na)3(Ce,Ti,Zr)(SiO4)2 F. Ss: mosandrite.
johsomervilleite [7786] : johsomervileit.
Khong vt: Na10Ca6Mg18(Fe,Mn)25(PO4)36,
cng loi vi filowit.
joint [7787] : khe nt; khp ni; mi ni, im
tip xc, im ni gia hai phn t t hoc .
1- (kt) Nt n trong thng xut hin
di dng h thng, dng mt song song vi
nhau, khng thy r du vt chuyn dch.
2- (cs) Khp ni ng vt V gip
(Crustacea), ni chung l mi lin kt ng ca
mt on ring l ca chi vi nhng b phn k
bn ca chng, hoc vi c th, hoc l mi
lin kt ng gia nhng b phn ca c th;
Mi lin kt gia i xng nh k nhau ca
Hu bin (Crinoidea); Mt on v ca phn
b Trng tia dng R (Nassellina); i vi
ng vt c xng sng,
X: articular; articulation.
3- (cctr) L c im cu trc ph bin
nht trong v thng c ngha nht v mt
a k thut. Khe nt l nhng nt n a cht
nhng khng km theo cc du hiu dch
chuyn c th thy c dc theo chng. Mt
nhm khe nt song song vi nhau thng c
gi l h khe nt. Cc h khe nt giao ct nhau
lm thnh h thng khe nt trong . Chng c
th m, b lp y hoc c hn gn li. Khe
nt c th hnh thnh song song vi mt phn
lp, phn phin hoc th ch v khi thng
c gi l cc khe nt phn lp, phn phin
hoc th ch. i khi chng c chia ra thnh
khe nt ct, tch v lin h vi mt trng ng
sut kin to no . Khe nt ct chy song
song vi t gy v cc i dp v, dch trt.
Khe nt tch chy vung gc vi hng ca
trc ng sut chnh cc tiu.
joint block [7788] : khi nt.
Khi gii hn bi cc khe nt.
joint compressive strength [7789] : sc bn
nn ca khe nt.
joint contour plot [7790] : th mt
khe nt.
Biu din mt khe nt bng cc ng
ng mc, ng ng tr.
joint dip (joint dip direction) [7791] : hng
cm khe nt.
joint frequency [7792] : tn s nt n, mt
nt n, mt khe nt.
joint plane [7793] : mt nt.
Mt v ra, nt ra ca .
joint plane fall [7794] : thc dp v.
Thc nc c nh b v khng u do cc
khi nt b sp l.
joint pole plot [7795] : th cc khe nt.
Biu din cc khe nt bng cc ca chng
trong php chiu lp th.
joint roughness coefficient (JRC) [7796] : h
s nhm.
x x ca khe nt (JRC). H s biu
din sc bn ca b mt khe nt.
joint set [7797] : cm nt, mt h khe nt,
nhm khe nt.
Mt nhm cc khe nt t nhiu song song
vi nhau.
joint set (joint set number) [7798] : h khe
nt, s h khe nt.
joint spacing [7799] : khong cch gia cc
khe nt.
Khong cch gia cc khe nt trong mt
nhm cc khe nt ring bit o theo ng
vung gc vi mt nt.
joint surface [7800] : mt nt.
B mt ca khe nt.
joint system [7801] : h thng khe nt.
Mt s khe nt gn nh song song vi nhau
v c cng tnh cht.
joint trace [7802] : vt nt.
Giao tuyn ca mt nt vi mt no .
joint valley [7803] : thung lng khe nt.
Thung lng c khng ch bi cc h
thng khe nt.
joint zone [7804] : i khe nt.
jokokuite [7805] : jokokuit
Khong vt: MnSO4.5H2O, ng cu trc vi
chalcanthit v siderotil.
joliotite [7806] : joliotit.
Khong vt h thoi: (UO2) CO3.nH2O.
jolly balance [7807] : cn joly.
Trong phn tch khong vt, o t trng
bng l xo n hi tinh vi.
jordanite [7808] : jordanit.
Khong vt mu xm ch: Pb14 As6 S23.
jordisite [7809] : jordisit.
Khong vt v nh hnh: MoS2.
Ss: molybdenit.
joseite [7810] : joseit.
Khong vt: Bi3Te(Se,S).
josen [7811] : josen.
n: hartite.
jouravskite [7812] : juravskit.
Khong vt:
Ca6Mn2(SO4,CO3)4(OH)12.24H2O.
juanite [7813] : juanit.
Khong vt h thoi:
Ca10Mg4Al2S11O39.4H2O(?).
332
 jugum [7814] : thanh ni, phin ni.
Mt cu trc xng dng thanh, tng i
phc tp, ni na tri ca xng tay vi na
phi mt s Tay cun; mt cu trc thanh
ngang i qua tm ca to Heterococcolith lin
kt mt cnh ca vng t vi cnh kia.
julgoldite [7815] : julgoldit.
Khong vt:
Ca2Fe+2(Fe,Al)2(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)2.H2O;
quan h vi pumpelyit.
jumper bar [7816] : cn my khoan tay
junction [7817] : hp dng.
S hp dng hay ni gp nhau ca cc dng
chy.
jungite [7818] : jungit.
Khong vt:
Ca2Zn4Fe8+3(PO4)9(OH)9.16H2O.
jungle [7819] : rng rm nhit i
junitoite [7820] : junitoit
Khong vt h thoi: CaZn2 Si2O7.
junoite [7821] : junoit
Khong vt h n nghing:
Pb3Cu2Bi8[S, Se]16.
Jupiter [7822] : sao Mc
Jura [7823] : Jura
n: Jurassic.
Jurassian relief [7824] : a hnh Jura
Mt kiu a hnh hnh thnh trong cc dy
ni tr bao gm nhiu np li, np lm song
song vi nhau, c trng bi cc dng cu trc
nguyn thy hoc nhng yu t c chu nh
hng cht t ca hin tng bo mn. V d
a hnh ca dy ni Jura Thy S.
Jurassic [7825] : Jura
K th hai ca i Mesozoi (sau k Trias v
trc k Creta), c khong thi gian ko di t
208-145,5 triu nm trc y (Harland et al.,
1990), tng ng vi h Jura ca phn v thi
a tng. Tn c gi theo ni Jura gia
Php v Thy S, ni cc tui ny c m
t ln u tin. X: age of cycads. n: Jura.
jurbanite [7826] : jurbanit
Khong vt h n nghing:
Al(SO4)(OH).5H2O.
juvenile [7827] : tr; nguyn sinh
1-(m) a hnh tr, a hnh nguyn sinh.
n: youthful.
2-(sk) Nhng dung th to qung, dung dch
qung c tch ra t magma do phn d kt
tinh hoc bi nhng s vn ng khc ca
magma, phn bit vi cc dung th trn mt
c ngun gc ngng t hoc kh tng.
3-(cthv) Thut ng cn c dng ch
loi nc v kh c tch ra trc tip t
magma i ln mt t trong thi gian u tin
4-(th) Trong phn loi magma, l loi
c tch ra trc tip t magma v tro ln mt
t.
juvenile water [7828] : nc nguyn sinh
Nc thot ra t magma nng chy, c
ngng t thnh th lng trong qu trnh dch
chuyn ln b mt.
n: magmatic water, plutonic water.
juvite [7829] : juvit
Syenit nephelin sng mu trong ch yu
gm feldspar K v hm lng oxid K cao hn
hm lng oxid Na. Thut ng t dng.
juxta epigenesis [7830] : bin i sau to
Bin i sau to (post-diagenetic) tc
ng ln trm tch trong thi gian chng nm
gn mi trng nguyn thy ca trm tch di
nh hng ca mt t ti trng nm trn hoc l
ra trn mt nc bin.
333
 Ka [7831] : hng nghn nm trc y.
kafehydrocyanite [7832] : kafehydrocyanit.
Khong vt K4Fe(CN)6.3H2O.
kahlerite [7833] : kalerit.
Khong vt th sinh mu xanh vng ca
nhm autunit: Fe(UO2)2(AsSO4)2.nH2O.
kainite [7834] : kainit.
Khong vt h n nghing thng mu
trng: MgSO4KCl.3H2O, l mui t nhin khi
dng ht, ngun kali v magnesi.
kainosite [7835] : kainosit.
Khong vt mu nu vng nht.
CaIF2(Ce,Y)2(SO4)3(CO3).H2O.
Kainozoic [7836] : Tn sinh, Kainozoi.
n: Cenozoic.
Kaiser effect [7837] : hiu ng Kaiser.
n: stress measurement methods; kaiser
effect.
kalborsite [7838] : kalborsit.
Khong vt: K6 B Al4 Si6 O22[B(OH)4]Cl.
kaliborite [7839] : kaliborit.
Khong vt khng mu n mu trng:
11KMg2B12O21.9H2O.
n: heintzite; hintzeite; paternoite.
kalicinite [7840] : kalicinit.
Khong vt khng mu n mu trng hoc
vng nht: KHCO3. n: kalicin; kalicit.
kalinite [7841] : kalinit.
Khong vt nhm phn: KAl(SO4)2.11H2O.
Ss: alum. n: potash alum.
kaliophilite [7842] : kaliophilit.
Khong vt h su phng, ngun gc phun
tro: KAlSiO4, lng hnh vi kalsilit.
n: facellite; phacellite.
kalistrontite [7843] : kalistrontit.
Khong vt h su phng: K2Sr(SO4)2, ng
cu trc vi palmierit.
kalkowskite [7844] : kalkowskit.
Khong vt rt him, mu nu nht hoc
en: Fe2Ti3O9(?), c th l ilmenit, thng cha
mt lng nh nguyn t t him, niobi v
tantal. So snh: arizonite. n: kalkowskyn.
kalsilite [7845] : kalsilit.
Khong vt: KAlSiO4, lng hnh vi
kaliophilit, v thnh thong cha natri.
kamacite [7846] : kamacit.
Khong vt ca thin thch, h lp
phng, hp kim nickel-st vi hm lng 5-
7% nickel.
kamaishilite [7847] : kamaishilit.
Khong vt h bn phng lng hnh vi
bichulit: Ca2Al2SiO6(OH)2.
kame [7848] : i, g bng phng.
i, g, ni hoc nh ni c thnh phn l
ct sn to thnh qut bi tch hay delta trc
ni do bng h tan.
kame-and-kettle topography [7849] : a
hnh i, g lng cho.
n: knob-and-kettle topography.
kame complex [7850] : tp hp i, g
bng phng.
Tp hp cc i, g to nn a hnh i.
kame delta [7851] : chu th i, g bng.
i, g ngun gc bng h c nh trn,
sn dc.
kame field [7852] : cnh ng vn.
Tp hp cc i, g ngun bng tch, nm
gn nhau, xen k i ngon ngho dng rn v
cc lng trng lng cho to thnh kiu a
hnh di bng tuyt.
kame plain [7853] : ng bng i, g bng.
ng bng xi ra, b mt phng hon ton
c gii hn bi sn tip xc bng h.
kamiokite [7854] : kamiokit.
Khong vt: Fe2Mo3O8.
kamitugate [7855] : kamitugat.
Khong vt:
PbAl(UO2)5[(P,As)O4]2(OH)9.9,5H2O.
kmmererite [7856] : kamererit.
1- Loi penenit cha crom mu nht:
Mg5(Al,Cr)Si3O10(OH)8.
2- Loi khong vt v tr cui ca
nhm clorit: Mg2Cr2SiO5(OH)4.
334
 kanemite [7857] : kanemit.
Khong vt h thoi:
NaH(Si2O4)(OH)2.2H2O.
kankite [7858] : kankit.
Khong vt: FeAsO4.3,5H2O, l sn phm
bin i ca arsenopyrit.
kanoite [7859] : kanoit.
Khong vt clinopyroxen:
(Mn+2,Mg)2Si2O6.
kanonaite [7860] : kanonait.
Khong vt ng loi vi andalusit:
(Mn+2,Al,Fe+3)AlO(SiO4).
kaolin [7861] : kaolin.
1- Nhm khong vt st, c trng bi cu
trc hai lp, trong lp silic-oxygen xen vi
lp alumin-hydroxid v c thnh phn:
Al2Si2O5(OH)4. Cc khong vt kaolin bao gm:
kaolinit, macrit, dickit v anauxit, haloyit,
endelit v alophan. Nhng khong vt kaolin c
ngun gc do bin i feldspar kali v mica.
2- Khong vt nhm kaolin, c bit l
kaolinit. Thut ng dng cho khong vt st
n gin, gm bn khong vt ca nhm
kaolin.
3- Loi st mu trng, dng t, ht mn,
mm b, c thnh phn ch yu l cc khong
vt st trong nhm kaolinit, trong kaolinit l
ch yu, c ngun gc t s phn hy ti ch
cc khong vt giu nhm (nh feldspar trong
granitoid), cha mt s thnh phn khc nh
thch anh, mica dng vy t gc v gi mu
trng khi nung.
n: kaoline; white clay; bolus alba.
kaolinic [7862] : kaolinic.
Thuc v kaolin, hoc ging nh kaolin.
kaolinite [7863] : kaolinit.
Khong vt ca nhm kaolin:
Al2Si2O5(OH)4, l khong vt c trng v
ng hnh vi dickit v nacrit.
kaolinization [7864] : kaolin ho.
S bin i hoc thay th ca cc khong vt
(feldspar, mica) thnh kaolin do qu trnh
phong ha hay bin i nhit dch.
karang [7865] : thm bin nng cao.
Thm c nng cao, gm cc vt liu san
h c ven lc a hoc vi san h.
karelianite [7866] : karelianit.
Khong vt mu en: V2O3, c th cha t
st, crom v mangan.
karewa [7867] : b mt careva.
B mt phng gia cc dng chy ngon
ngo chia ct thm sng.
karibibite [7868] : karibibit.
Khong vt h thoi: Fe2+3As4+3(O, OH)9.
karling [7869] : karling hay a hnh ai vng.
Min ni cao b chia ct bi sng sui v c
nhiu ai vng hoc ai sng.
Karlsbad twin law [7870] : lut song tinh
Karlsbad.
n: Carlsbad twin law.
karnasurtite [7871] : karnasurtit.
Khong vt mu vng mt ong n vng
nht: (Ce,La,Th)(Ti,Nb)(Al,Fe)(Si,P)2O7(OH)4.
3H2O.
Karnian [7872] : Karni.
n: Carnian.
karpatite [7873] : karpatit.
Khong vt hydrocarbon: C24H12.
n: carpathite, pendcetonite.
karpinskite [7874] : karpinskit.
Khong vt mu xanh: (Mg,Ni)Si2O3(OH)2
(?). Khng nn nhm vi karpinskyit.
karren [7875] : b mt car, a hnh car.
vng a hnh karst ch cc rnh, cc
ngn nc, cc khe nh, rng t vi mm n
hn mt mt v thng c ngn cch bi cc
g lm chm nh li dao (a hnh car).
karrenfeld [7876] : cnh ng car.
Cnh ng car (karren) lm chm pht
trin trn b mt ca vi do ha tan theo cc
rnh.
karst [7877] : karst, a hnh karst.
Mt kiu a hnh c thnh to trn
vi, thch cao v mt s khc do b ha tan,
xi mn, to thnh nhiu khe rnh, hang ng,
h lm, phu karst v sng sui ngm.
n: karst topography; causse.
karst bridge [7878] : cu karst.
Cu t nhin trong c kh nng ha tan,
thng di dng mi ca hang ng st li.
karst cone [7879] : nn karst.
Mt trong s nhiu i trn dng nn ngn
cch nhau bi cc g v cc h.
karst corridor [7880] : hnh lang karst.
n: solution corridor.
karst features [7881] : c im karst.
Nhng c im a cht c trng cho mi
trng vi v cc thnh to carbonat khc,
nh a hnh karst, hang ng karst, c im
a cht thy vn karst, v.v.
karst fenster [7882] : ca s kin to karst.
n: karst window.
karst hydrogeology [7883] : a cht thy
vn karst.
Lnh vc a cht thy vn nghin cu iu
kin hnh thnh, tng tr, vn ng, ng thi
ca nc di t trong cc thnh to karst.
335
 karst hydrology [7884] : thy vn karst.
Kiu mng li sng sui c trng cho
min karst.
karst plain [7885] : ng bng karst.
ng bng pht trin trn vi, trong
cc c trng karst c hnh thnh.
n: karst plateau.
karst plateau [7886] : cao nguyn karst.
n: karst plain.
karst pond [7887] : ao, h, vng karst.
Vng nc t trong thung lng kn ca vng
vi.
karst spring [7888] : mch karst, sui karst.
Mch nc chy ra t hang hc hay khe nt
ca karst. n: exsurgence.
karst topography [7889] : a hnh karst,
cnh quan karst.
n: karst.
karst tower [7890] : thp karst, ni st karst.
i n l c bao quanh bi ng bng
bi tch.
karst valley [7891] : thung lng karst.
Thung lng kn c hnh thnh do s hp
nht vi ba h ht hay phu karst. Thng
thng, h thng sng sui ngm, di t vi
trm mt ti vi km, dy g gh v vch dc.
karst window [7892] : ca s karst.
Hang ng karst khng c trn, t y c
th nhn thy mng sui di mt t.
karstification [7893] : to karst, qu trnh
karst ha.
S thnh to karst do ha tan, do tc dng c
v do tc dng ca nc trong vng vi,
thch cao v mt s gc khc.
karstland [7894] : t karst, vng karst.
Vng t c c trng bi karst.
Kashin Beck disease [7895] : bnh Kashin
Beck.
X: Urov disease.
kasolite [7896] : kasolit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu vng n
nu: Pb(UO2)(SiO4).H2O.
kassite [7897] : kasit.
Khong vt: CaTi2O4(OH)2.
katabatic wind [7898] : gi ni.
Gi a phng thi t nh xung sn ni.
kataphorite [7899] : kataphorit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu nu nht
ca nhm amphibol:
Na2Ca(Fe+3,Al)5AlSi7O22(OH)2.
katayamalite [7900] : katayamalit.
Khong vt:
(K,Na)Li3Ca7(Ti,Fe+3,Mn)2(Si6O18)2(OH,F)2
thuc cu trc silicat vng, cng vi similarit,
baratovit.
katothermal lake [7901] : h pha trn lnh
di nng, h nghch n.
Loi h c nhit ca nc tng theo
chiu su.
kavir [7902] : kavir, sa mc mui.
1- Sa mc c thnh to mui.
2- m ly c mui cao.
kawazulite [7903] : kawazulit.
Khong vt h ba phng: BiTe2Se.
kazakovite [7904] : kazakovit.
Khong vt h ba phng: Na6H2TiSi6O18.
Kazanian [7905] : Kazan.
Bc chu u. Permi thng theo s
phn Permi lm hai thng (nm trn Kungur,
nm di Tatari).
K-bentonite [7906] : bentonit kali.
n: potassium bentonite.
keazoglyph [7907] : sc trt ngang, vt kha
ngang.
Mt dng vt hn c hc trn mt khe nt
hoc t gy chuyn dch ngang.
keel [7908] : g sng, g ky, g mo, g xon.
Cu trc dng g mt di ca Rng nn
dng tm; mt g sc cnh chy dc mt bng
ca v cun Chn u; mt phin dng mo
thng ng Trng tia; mt g dng ng ky
chy dc ra ngoi ca v Trng l; mt rnh
hoc khe mnh v mt s To silic hnh lng
chim; mt g xon c v Chn bng.
Keewatin [7909] : Keewatin.
Mt phn v ca Archeozoi Canada.
kegelite [7910] : kegelit.
Khong vt dng gi su phng:
Pb12(Zn,Fe)2Al4Si11S4O54.
kehoeite [7911] : kehoeit.
Khong vt v nh hnh:
(Zn,Ca)4Al8(PO4)8(OH)8.20H2O (?).
keilhauite [7912] : keilhauit.
Loi sphen c tnh phng x, cha alumin,
st, ytri v nhng t him khc.
keithcoonite [7913] : keithconit.
Khong vt quan h vi synthetic:
Pd20TePd3-xTe, vi x = 0.42 - 0.27.
keiviite [7914] : keiviit.
Khong vt: Yb2 Si2O7.
keldyshite [7915] : keldyshit.
Khong vt: (Na,H)2ZrSi2O7.
kellyite [7916] : kelyit.
Khong vt loi serpentin cha Mn+2 tng
t anesit, trong Mn th ch Mg trong khi
tm mt.
336
 Kelvin [7917] : thang nhit Kelvin.
Thang nhit c gc l khng tuyt i,
bng 273,14 oC.
kelyanite [7918] : kelyanit.
Khong vt:
Hg36Sb3(Cl,Br)9O28 hoc Hg24Sb2(Cl,Br)6 O20.
kemmlitzite [7919] : kemlitzit.
Khong vt: SrAl3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6.
kempite [7920] : kempit.
Khong vt h thoi mu xanh emrt:
Mn2(OH)3Cl.
kennedyite [7921] : kenedyit.
Khong vt: MgFe2+3 Ti3O10.
kenozooid [7922] : c th a hnh.
Mt ng vt dng Ru (Bryozoa) gm cc
c th c hnh dng khc kiu nhau, khng c
cc b phn nh k rng i ri mc li, v
thng khng c hoc l , hoc cc c.
kentrolite [7923] : kentrolit.
Khong vt mu en, nu nht:
Pb2Mn2Si2O9.
kenyaite [7924] : kenyait.
Khong vt: Na2Si22O41(OH)2.6H2O.
Kepler's laws of planetary motion [7925] :
nh lut v chuyn ng cc hnh tinh ca
Kepler.
nh lut Kepler v s chuyn ng ca cc
hnh tinh. Ni dung nh sau: Mi hnh tinh
chuyn ng trn qu o elip cng vi Mt
tri cng vi tm ca elip. ng thng i qua
Mt tri ti bt k hnh tinh no s qut mt
phn khng gian bng nhau v bng khong
thi gian nh nhau. Bnh phng chu k thin
vn ca mt s hnh tinh t l thun vi lp
phng khong cch t Mt tri.
kerargyrite [7926] : kerargyrit.
Tn nhm mui bc ng hnh, ng thc
(chlorargyrite, bromargyrite, v embolite). Cn
vit l: cerargyrite.
keratose [7927] : bt bin sng.
Bt bin (Spongia) sng m khung xng
bao gm hon ton cc si hu c, khng c
gai xng.
kermesite [7928] : kermesit.
Khong vt mu anh o: Sb2S2O, thng
dng tuf, nhng tinh th mao mch do bin i
ca stibnit. n: antimony blendo; red
antimony; purple blende; pyrostibite.
kernite [7929] : kernit.
Khong vt h n nghing khng mu n
mu trng: Na2B4O7 .4H2O. n: rasorite.
kesterite [7930] : kesterit.
Khong vt: Cu2(Zn,Fe)SnS4, cha km
tng t stanit. n: isostannite.
kettle [7931] : a hnh lng cho.
Min trng lng cho hay hnh phu, khng
c sng sui, b mt trong trm tch bng
thng c h, m c hnh thnh do cc
khi hay tng bng n l tan ra. su t vi
mt n chc mt, di ti 13km.
kettle basin [7932] : bn trng lng cho.
n: kettle.
kettle hole [7933] : h, hang lng cho.
n: kettle.
kettle lake [7934] : h lng cho.
H cha nc t lng trn min trng hay
hi trng lng cho.
kettle plain [7935] : ng bng lng cho.
Bi bi hay ng bng xi l do bng tch.
kettleback [7936] : sng ni lng tru.
n: horseback.
kettnerite [7937] : ketnerit.
Khong vt h bn phng mu nu n
vng: CaBi(CO3)OF.
Keuper [7938] : Keuper.
Phn v a tng chu u, ch yu c,
nm trn Muschelkalk, nm di Jura h, ng
vi Trias thng v phn trn Ladin ca thi a
tng quc t.
kevir [7939] : kevir, sa mc mui.
n: kavir.
key fossil [7940] : ha thch nh tng.
n: index fossil.
keyite [7941] : keyit.
Khong vt: (Cu,Zn,Cd)3(AsO4)2.
K feldspar [7942] : feldspar kali.
n: potassium feldspar.
khabra [7943] : khabra.
y ca lu vc sng trong t lin, di
lp st bt v khng b bc hi nc.
khadar [7944] : khadar.
Min t thp, v d; bi bi d b ngp lt.
khademite [7945] : khademit.
Khong vt h thoi: Al(SO4)(OH).5H2O.
khal [7946] : sui, ngi nh.
1- Pakistan, thut ng c dng ch
lng sui hp.
2- Nhnh sui nh trn chu th (delta)
thp.
khamrabaevite [7947] : khamrabaevit.
Khong vt cha st v magnetit:
(Ti0,90V0,08 Fe0,02)C1,04.
khanneshite [7948] : khanesit.
Khong vt thuc nhm burbankit:
(Na,Ca)3(Ba,Sr,RE,Ca)3(CO3)5.
khari [7949] : sui su, nh.
337
 Thut ng c s dng ng Pakistan
ch con sui nh v su.
kheneg [7950] : hm ni.
Thut ng dng ch hm (canyon) vng
ni Atlas, Bc Phi. T gc Rp.
khibinite [7951] : khibinit (kv).
n: mosandrite.
khibinskite [7952] : khibinskit.
Khong vt h n nghing gi ba phng:
K2ZrSi2O7.
khlopinite [7953] : khlopinit.
Mt loi samarskit tantal. X: samarskite.
khoharite [7954] : khoharit.
Khong vt gi thuyt v tr cui ca nhm
granat: Mg3Fe2(SiO4)3.
khor [7955] : dng tm thi, khe ni.
1- Thut ng c dng Sudan ch sui
chy theo ma-dng tm thi.
2- Thut ng c dng Bc Phi ch
dng chy hoc khe ni. .
khud [7956] : khe ni, hm ni.
Thut ng c dng ch khe ni, hm
ni n . Ting Hindu: Khad.
khuniite [7957] : khuniit.
n: iranite.
khurd [7958] : cn ct cao.
Angiri, thut ng c dng ch cc
dng ct, cn ct c dng thp v bn l gia
cc mt sn th cong.
kiddereckite [7959] : kidereckit.
Khong vt: Cu6 Sn W S2, tng t hemusit.
kidney ore [7960] : qung kidney; qung (st)
dng thn.
Mt loi bin th hematit xut l trong cc
khi cht st, kt hch dng thn cng vi st,
ct, calcit hay tp cht khc.
n: kidney iron ore.
kidney stone [7961] : kidney, thn.
Loi cui, si, kt hch c dng qu thn.
kidwellite [7962] : kidwelit.
Khong vt: Na Fe9+3(OH)10(PO4)6.5H2O.
kieserite [7963] : kieserit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu trng:
MgSO4.H2O, c trong tn tch ca mui bin.
kiirunavaarite [7964] : kirunavarit.
n: magnetitite.
kilchoanite [7965] : kilchoanit.
Khong vt: Ca3Si2O7, lng hnh vi
rankinite.
kill [7966] : sng, sui, khe ni, hm ni.
killalaite [7967] : kilalait.
Khong vt h n nghing: Ca6 Si4O14.H2O.
kimberlite [7968] : kimberlit.
Mt loi peridotit kim porphyrit cha nhiu
ban tinh olivin (thng b serpentin ha,
carbonat ha) v phlogopit (thng b clorit
ha) v c th c geikielit (MgTiO3), pyrop
crom trong nn ht mn calcit, olivin th h th
hai v phlogopit. Cc khong vt ph l ilmenit,
serpentin, clorit, magnetit v perovskit. Tn
mang a danh Kimberley, Nam Phi; Kimberlit
c th xem nh mt loi dm kt bao gm
cc mnh kimberlit v cc serpentin b
carbonat ho mnh. Cc thnh to kimberlit
thng lp y hng ni la. Kch thc
kimberlit c khi n 1 km ng knh v lun
gim theo su.
Kimmerian [7969] : Kimmeri.
1- Chu k kin to Kimmeri, ph bin
ng u (Hc Hi) t Miocen mun n
Pliocen sm.
2- Bc ng u (khu vc bin en).
Pliocen h (nm trn Pont, nm di
Akchagyl).
Kimmerian orogeny [7970] : to ni
Kimmeri.
Hin tng to ni ca chu k Kimmeri.
Kimmeridgian [7971] : Kimmeridgi.
Bc do dOrbigny (1850) xc lp theo a
danh Kimmeridge min nam nc Anh, bc
th hai ca Jura thng ca thi a tng quc
t (nm trn Oxford, nm di Tithon hoc
Portlandi). n: Kimeridgian.
kimzeyite [7972] : kimzeyit.
Khong vt nhm granat:
Ca3(Zr,Ti)2(Al,Si)3O12.
Kinderhookian [7973] : Kinderhook.
Thng Bc M. Phn thp nht ca
Mississipi (nm trn Conewango ca Devon,
nm di Osag).
kinematic viscosity [7974] : nht ng
hc.
T s gia h s nht ng lc hc (bng
poise) vi t trng ca cht lng hoc kh (bng
g/cm3). n v tnh: cm2/s.
kinematics [7975] : ng hc.
Mt nhnh ca c hc, nghin cu v
chuyn ng ca vt cht m khng xem xt ti
nguyn nhn hoc lc gy ra n.
kinetic energy [7976] : nng lng ng lc.
X: kinetics.
kinetics [7977] : ng lc hc.
Mt nhnh ca c hc, nghin cu v lc,
nguyn nhn gy ra chuyn ng ca vt cht.
kingite [7978] : kingit.
Khong vt mu trng:
Al3(PO4)2(OH,F)3.9H2O.
338
 kingsmountite [7979] : kingsmuntit.
Khong vt cha Fe+2 tng t vi
montgomeryit: (Ca,Mn)(Fe,Mn,Mg)(Al,Fe+3)
(PO4)6(OH)4.12H2O
kinichilite [7980] : kinichilit.
Khong vt cha Zn tng t vi zemanit:
(Fe+2,Mg,Zn,Mn)2(Te,Se)3O9(H,Na).
kink angle [7981] : gc gp, gc gy.
Cu to gm cc mt gy nhng khng ri
ra.
kink band [7982] : on gp, on gy.
Phm vi cnh ngn nm gia hai mt trc
ca cc np un gy.
kink band boundary [7983] : ranh gii t
gy, mt trc ca cc np un.
kink fold [7984] : np un gy.
Np un khng i xng, cnh phng, vm
gy gc.
kinoite [7985] : kinoit.
Khong vt: Ca2Cu2Si2O10 .2H2O.
kinoshitatite [7986] : kinoshitatit.
Mica khi tm mt ba, c thnh phn l
thuyt: Ba(Mg,Mn,Al)3(Si2Al2)O10(OH,F)2.
kipushite [7987] : kipushit.
Khong vt: (Cu,Zn)6(PO4)2(OH)6H2O.
kirovite [7988] : kirovit.
Khong vt: (Fe,Mg)SO4.7H2O, l loi
melanterit cha magnesi.
Kirsch equations [7989] : phng trnh Kirsh.
H phng trnh do Kirsch xut v cc
mi quan h ng sut - bin dng, tnh cht c
l t , tr lc, v.v. trong bi ton khai o
mt ng hm tit din trn trong mi trng
t n hi, ng nht, tuyn tnh.
kirschsteinite [7990] : kirshsteinit.
Khong vt: Ca(Fe,Mg)SiO4, ng hnh vi
monticelit. n: iron-monticellite.
kitkaite [7991] : kitkait.
Khong vt: NiTeSe.
kladnoite [7992] : kladnoit.
Khong vt: C6H4(CO2)NH, dng tinh th h
n nghing, hnh thnh t t thi b nung
vng than Kladno ca Bohemia.
klebelsbergite [7993] : klebelsbergit.
Khong vt c gc sulfat antimon (?), tn ti
trong k h gia cc tinh th, dng lng tr
ca stibnit.
klint [7994] : vch ng, ni san h dng
qu m.
1- Thut ng c s dng an Mch v
Thy in ch cc vch ni thng ng, cao
vi ba mt, di hng trm mt hoc vch mi
mn dc ng.
2- ngm san h hay m tiu san h c
bao bc xung quanh bi cc b xm thc,
li vi san h gia, ging qu i trn
dng qu m.
klippe [7995] : ni st, st.
st hay di tch xm thc hay phn st
ca lp ph kin to. ngha nguyn thy
mang tnh m t, nh mt khi st n l c
ngun gc xm thc.
klockmannite [7996] : klockmanit.
Khong vt mu tm- nht n xm-en:
CuSe. Mu en-xanh sn, dng ht.
kloof [7997] : hm ni, o.
Thut ng c s dng Nam Phi, ch
thung lng dc, ngn v hp hay khe ni, hm
ni hoc o qua ni.
knap [7998] : nh i, m t cao.
nh i hay ni mt t nh cao thnh g.
knebelite [7999] : knebelit.
Khong vt: (Fe,Mn)2SiO4, l loi fayalit
mangan.
kneefold [8000] : np un dch dc (zigzag).
Np un ngoi sinh hnh thnh do trt
trng lc.
knick bank [8001] : on gp, on gy.
n: kink band.
knick zone [8002] : i gy.
n: kink band.
knickline [8003] : ng gp, ng gy.
knickpoint [8004] : ngng, im un.
Ch t on hay gp khc ca sn, im
un trong mt ct dc ca thung lng hay
sng sui.
knife edge [8005] : sng ni sc nhn.
1- Sng i hay ni hp trng nh li dao.
2- Vt nhn.
knipovichite [8006] : knipovichit.
Khong vt cha crom ca alumohydro-
calcit.
knob [8007] : g, i trn.
1- M t, g, i hay ni nh, hnh trn,
i ni trn bt p, dng nm m.
2- nh i hay nh ni.
knob-and-basin topography [8008] : a hnh
bn-i trn.
n: knob-and-kettle topography.
knob-and-kettle topography [8009] : a
hnh i, thung lng lng cho.
a hnh gn sng, trong cc g, i, ni
nm khng c quy lut, ri rc trong cc thung
lng khng cn xng hoc thung lng lng
cho, thng khng c h thng thot nc, c
th c h ao v m ly.
339
 knoll [8010] : i nh, m t, nh ni trn.
1- i trn thp v nh hoc i nh, m
t.
2- nh i hay nh ni trn. n: knowe;
knoele.
knorringite [8011] : knoringit.
Khong vt nhm granat: Mg3Cr2(SiO4),
hnh thnh cng lot vi pyrop.
knot [8012] : i , di i.
1- Anh v Scotland thut ng c dng
ch i c cao trung bnh, b mt tr .
2- Vng t c nng cao, c hnh thnh
do hai hay nhiu i ni lin vi nhau.
knoxvillite [8013] : knoxvilit.
n: copiapite.
koashvite [8014] : koashvit.
Khong vt h thoi:
Na6(Ca,Mn)(Ti,Fe)Si6O18.H2O.
kobeite [8015] : kobeit.
Khong vt mu en:
(Y,O)(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)6.
kobellite [8016] : kobelit.
Khong vt mu en nht-xm: Pb5 Bi8 S17.
koechlinite [8017] : koeclinit.
Khong vt h thoi mu xanh nht-vng:
Bi2MoO6.
koenenite [8018] : koenenit.
Khong vt rt mm, do:
Na4Mg9Al4Cl12(OH)22.
koflachite [8019] : koflachit.
Loi retinit mu en nu thnh to vng
than Koflach vng Styria, Austria.
kogarkoite [8020] : kogarkoit.
Khong vt h n nghing: Na3(SO4)F.
koktaite [8021] : koktait.
Khong vt: (NH4)2Ca(SO4)2.H2O.
kolbeckite [8022] : kolbeckit.
Khong vt mu xanh n xm:
ScPO4.2H2O, l loi phosphat hydro v silicat
alumin, bery v calci. n: sterrettite.
kolfanite [8023] : kolfanit.
Khong vt: Ca2Fe3+3O2(AsO4)3.2H2O, quan
h vi arseniosiderit.
kolovratite [8024] : kolovratit.
Khong vt vanadat hydro nickel v km.
kolwezite [8025] : kolwezit.
Khong vt: (Cu,Co)2(CO3)(OH)2, ng cu
trc vi rosasit v glaucosphaerit.
kolymite [8026] : kolymit.
Khong vt h lp phng ging vi hn
hng tng hp: Cu7Hg6.
komarovite [8027] : komarovit.
Khong vt h thoi:
(Ca,Mn)Nb2Si2O9(O,F).3,5H2O.
komatiite [8028] : komatiit.
1- Lot magma, v mt phn loi ng
ngang vi cc lot ophiolit, tholeiit, kim-vi,
kim, phn bit bi s c mt ca dung nham
siu mafic.
2- Dung nham siu mafic. Thut ng ch
dung nham basalt v siu mafic, nhng sau
c b sung thm cc i km. Lot
komatiit c thnh phn thay i dao ng t
peridotit ( 30% MgO, 44% SiO2) n basalt
(8%, 52% SiO2) hoc andesit (12% MgO, 56%
SiO2) v cc c thnh phn dao ng t
peridotit (trn 40% MgO) n gabro mafic
( 12% MgO). Dung nham thng c kin trc
b c (spinifex texture). Tt c cc c hm
lng Ti, Fe/(Fe+Mg) thp v hm lng Mg,
Ni, Cr cao. T ny mang tn sng Komati,
Barberton Mountain Land, Transvaal, Nam Phi.
konderite [8029] : konderit.
Khong vt c quan h cht ch vi inagluit:
PbCu3(Rh,Pt,Tr)8S16.
koninckite [8030] : koninckit.
Khong vt mu nu: FePO4.3H2O (?).
kop [8031] : i, ni.
Ni hay i to (ting H Lan) ni bt v
y a hnh bng phng v thp.
koppie [8032] : i nh.
i nh nhng nh cao r rt, ch t ti
cao 30 m so vi vng t xung quanh. V d
cc i di, n l hoc ni st vi hay
magma.
koppite [8033] : kopit.
Loi pyroclor cha st, kali, ceri v
thiu titan.
koris [8034] : thung lng kh.
Thut ng ny s dng cho cc thung lng
kh Bc Phi.
koritnigite [8035] : koritnigit.
Khong vt: Zn(H2O)[HO(AsO4)].
kornelite [8036] : kornelit.
Khong vt khng mu n mu nu:
Fe2(SO4)3.7H2O.
kornerupine [8037] : kornerupin.
Khong vt khng mu, vng, nu hoc
xanh nc bin: Mg3Al6(Si,B,Al)5O21(OH). S
thnh to ging silimanit.
korshunovskite [8038] : korshunovskit.
Khong vt: Mg2Cl(OH)3.nH2O.
korzhinskite [8039] : korzhinskit.
Khong vt: CaB2O4H2O.
kostovite [8040] : kostovit.
Khong vt: CuAuTe4.
340
 kostylevite [8041] : kostylevit.
Khong vt: K4Zr2Si6O182H2O, silicat vng
v ng hnh vi umbit.
kotoite [8042] : kotoit.
Khong vt h thoi: Mg3(BO3)2, ng cu
trc vi jimboit.
kotschubeite [8043] : kotschubeit.
Loi clinoclor mu -hng cha crom.
kottigite [8044] : kotigit.
Khong vt carmin: Zn3(AsO4)28H2O, ng
hnh vi metakotigit.
kotulskite [8045] : kotulskit.
Khong vt: Pd(Te, Bi)1,2.
koum [8046] : sa mc ct.
Sa mc ct hay mt di n ct lin tc
vng Trung .
koutekite [8047] : koutekit.
Khong vt h su phng: Cu5As2.
kovdorskite [8048] : kovdorskit.
Khong vt: Mg5(PO4)2(CO3(OH)2.4,5H2O.
kozulite [8049] : kozulit.
Khong vt giu mangan ca nhm
amphibol: (Na,K)3(Mn,Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH,F)2.
krasnozem [8050] : t .
Vng t vng kh hu a Trung Hi
(thut ng ting Nga).
kratochvilite [8051] : kratochvilit.
Khong vt hydrocarbon: C13H10.
kratogen [8052] : kraton, i lc, lc a.
n: craton.
kraton [8053] : kraton, i lc, lc a.
n: craton.
krausite [8054] : krausit.
Khong vt mu vng nht-xanh:
KFe(SO4)2.H2O.
krauskopfite [8055] : krauskopfit.
Khong vt: BaSi2O53H2O.
krautite [8056] : krautit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
MnHAsO4.H2O.
kreitonite [8057] : kreitonit.
Loi gahnit mu en cha st ha tr 2 hoc
st ha tr 3 hoc c 2.
kremersite [8058] : kremersit.
Khong vt mu -ruby:
[(NH4),K]2FeCl5.H2O, l loi erythrosiderit
cha ammon.
krennerite [8059] : krenerit.
Khong vt mu trng bc n vng nht:
AuTe2, thng cha bc. n: white tellurium.
kribergite [8060] : kribergit.
Khong vt mu trng, dng phn:
Al5(PO4)3(SO4)(OH)4.2H2O (?).
krinovite [8061] : krinovit.
Khong vt ca thin thch:
Na,Mg2CrSi3O10.
krohnkite [8062] : krohnkit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu xanh c vt:
Na2Cu (SO4)2.2H2O.
krupkaite [8063] : krupkait.
Khong vt h thoi: PbCuBi3S6.
krutaite [8064] : krutait.
Khong vt nhm pyrit: CuSe2.
krutovite [8065] : krutovit.
Khong vt: Ni1-x As2, x = 0 - 0.1.
krypton [8066] : krypton (Kr).
Nguyn t kh tr s 36, nguyn t lng
83,80; atmophil; c 6 ng v bn v 24 ng v
khng bn. c s dng cha y n in
pht quang trong ngnh in t. Kr c trong
khng kh.
kryzhanovskite [8067] : kryzhanovskit.
Khong vt: MnFe2 (PO4)2(OH)2.H2O.
K spar [8068] : spar kali.
n: potasium feldspar; potash spar.
ktenasite [8069] : ktenasit.
Khong vt mu xanh:
(Cu,Zn)3(SO4)(OH)4.2H2O.
ktypeite [8070] : ktypeit.
Khong vt trung gian gia calcit v
aragonit.
kukersite [8071] : kukersit.
Loi trm tch hu c giu to
Gloexapsamorpha prisca, tui Ordovic tm thy
Estonia.
kukersiti [8072] : trm tch hu c.
Trm tch hu c giu to.
kulanite [8073] : kulanit.
Khong vt tng t bjarebyit cha st ha
tr 2: Ba(Fe,Mn,Mg,Ca)2(Al, Fe)2(PO4)3(OH)3.
kulkeite [8074] : kulkeit.
Khong vt st, c t l clorit khi tm mt
ba v tal bng nhau, xen gia tng.
kullerudite [8075] : kulerudit.
Khong vt: NiSe2.
kum [8076] : ct.
Ct (ting Th Nh K), sa mc ct vng
Trung .
kunzite [8077] : kunzit.
qu loi spodumen trong, hng nht,
xanh-sng hoc mu hoa c.
kupletskite [8078] : kupletskit.
Khong vt:
(K,Na)3(Mn,Fe)2(Ti,Nb)2Si9O24(O,OH)7.
kuramite [8079] : kuramit.
Khong vt nhm stanit:
341
 Cu2(Cu,Fe,Zn)SnS4.
kuranakhite [8080] : kuranakhit.
Khong vt h thoi: PbMn+4Te+6O6.
kurchatovite [8081] : kurchatovit.
Khong vt: Ca(Mg,Mn)B2O4.
kurgantaite [8082] : kurgantait.
Khong vt: (Sr,Ca)2B4O8.H2O (?).
kurnakovite [8083] : kurnakovit.
Khong vt: Mg2B6O11.15H2O.
kurumsakite [8084] : kurumsakit.
Khong vt:
(Zn,Ni,Cu)8Al8V2Si5O35 .27H2O (?).
kusuite [8085] : kusuit.
Khong vt: (Ce+3, Pb+2 Pb+4) VO4.
kutinaite [8086] : kutinait.
Khong vt: Cu2 AgAs.
kutnahorite [8087] : kutnahorit.
Khong vt: Ca(Mn,Mg,Fe)(CO3)2, lot
ng hnh vi dolomit.
kuznetsovite [8088] : kuznetsovit.
Khong vt: Hg6As2Cl2O9.
kvanefjeldite [8089] : kvanefjeldit.
Khong vt: Na4(Ca,Mn)(Si3O7)(OH)2.
kyanite [8090] : kyanit.
Khong vt h n nghing: Al2SiO3, ng
hnh vi andalusit v silimanit. Kyanit c dng
tinh th di, mng, tm v tp hp kt tinh
trong phin, gneis, pegmatit v c cng
nh hn 4,5. Kyanit thnh to nhit trung
bnh v p sut cao do bin cht khu vc.
n: sappare; disthene.
kyanophilite [8091] : kyanophilit.
Khong vt: (K, Na) Al2 Si2O7 (OH) (?).
Kyoto Protocol [8092] : Ngh nh th Kyoto.
Ngh nh th v gim thiu s pht thi kh
nh knh c i din 160 nc thng qua ti
Hi ngh th gii v mi trng hp Kyoto
(Nht Bn) thng 12/1997. Ni dung Ngh nh
th yu cu n nm 2010 gim lng kh thi
xung 5,2% so vi nm 1990, trong trch
nhim ch yu thuc cc nc cng nghip
pht trin. Mun c hiu lc Ngh nh th phi
c s ph chun ca 55 nc cng nghip
pht trin. n Hi ngh Bon (c) thng
7/2001 cc nc t c mt s nhng b,
m ng cho vic ph chun Ngh nh th
Kyoto.
kyr [8093] : ng bng nh, cao nguyn, i
nh.
vng Trung , thut ng dng ch a
hnh bng phng, cao nguyn hoc nh i
nh, nh ni nh. vng Turkmenia, n c
dng ch b mt cng.
kyzylkumite [8094] : kyzylkumit.
Khong vt: V2Ti3O9, ng hnh vi
schreyerit.
342
laagte [8095] : thung lng nh, kh.
Ting a phng Chu Phi ng ngha
vi leegte, ch cc dng chy phng, rng
nhng nh hn thung lng v hu nh quanh
nm kh khan.
laanilite [8096] : lanilit.
Pegmatoid ht th gm ch yu granat,
biotit, thch anh v cc oxid st. Gi theo a
danh Laanila, Lapland. (Thut ng khng nn
dng).
labiate [8097] : c mi.
L cung c mp Tay cun, mp
lng ko di ra dng mi.
labite [8098] : labit.
Khong vt: MgSi3O6(OH)2.H2O.
labium [8099] : mi, mnh mi di.
Mnh mi di ca ng vt Chn t, v
d Cn trng, cng nh ca ng vt V gip,
v d tm, cua; phn ct ca ming v
Chn bng.
laboratory investigation [8100] : th nghim
trong phng, kho st trong phng.
labradophyre [8101] : labradophyr.
Anorthosit cha ban tinh labradorit trn nn
ca mt s khong vt khc. (Thut ng khng
nn dng).
labradorfels [8102] : labradorfels.
n: labradoritite.
labradorite [8103] : labradorit.
1-(th) Ngi Nga ch gabro sng mu
hoc norit (anorthosit); ngi Php ch basalt
giu labradorit sng mu. Thut ng ny
khng nn s dng.
2-(kv) Khong vt sm mu ca nhm
feldspar plagioclas vi thnh phn thay i t
Ab50An50 n Ab30An70, mu xanh p lm
trang sc. Labradorit l mt loi magma c
thnh phn SiO2(silica) trung bnh v thp.
n: labradite; labrador spar.
labradoritite [8104] : labradoritit.
Anorthosit hu nh ch gm labradorit.
n: labradorfels.
labuntsovite [8105] : labuntsovit.
Khong vt:
(K,Ba,Na)(Ti,Nb)(Si,Al)2(O,OH)7H2O.
Lc u m t l titaniferous elpidit, nhng
theo kt qu xc nh hin nay c cha rt
t ZrO2.
labyrinth karst [8106] : karst mng rnh.
ng bng karst c hnh lang ha tan (tc
c mng su).
lac [8107] : h.
Ting Php ch h (lake). C l l tn
ring ca mt vng t M m ni nhng
nh hng ca ngi Php nh c trc y
vn cn li hoc tn cc vng t Canada
s dng ting Php.
LaCastian [8108] : LaCast.
Bc Bc M. Jura thng (nm trn
Zuloag, nm di Durango ca Creta). Tng
ng Portland v Kimmeridg Chu u.
laccine meander [8109] : ch un cong nhn.
Ch un cong xon ca sng b tch ri khi
qu trnh xm thc ngang ca b ngoi b
chng li, xut hin mt dng nc thp v
hp hn.
lacciniate [8110] : nhn.
Tnh t ch hnh thi nhn nh vt ct khi
xm thc ngang o khot b sng, to khc
un cong nhn.
laccolite [8111] : laccolit.
Xm nhp magma dng nm m mi v y
ca n chnh hp vi lp vy quanh. Phn
mi ca laccolit c dng vm, cn y gn
nm ngang. Trn bnh laccolit c dng trn
vi din tch thng khng qu 50 km2.
laccolith [8112] : laccolith.
n: laccolite.
lacroixite [8113] : lacroixit.
Khong vt mu xanh-vng nht:
343
 NaAl(PO4)(F,OH), thng cha fluorin.
lacuna [8114] : lacuna.
Phn v thi a tng th hin phn gin
on trong trnh t a tng, c bit s thiu
ht thi gian mt bt chnh hp, bao gm
khong thi gian gin on (chu k khng tch
t) v khong thi gian ph hy (chu k
bo mn).
lacustrine ore [8115] : qung ngun gc h.
Ladanyi-Archambault equations [8116] :
phng trnh Ladanyi-Archambault.
Phng trnh thc nghim biu din sc bn
ct ca khe nt trong do Ladanyi v
Archambault xut, trong cc tc gi
c gng gn cho cc thng s thc nghim mt
s ngha vt l nht nh, nh t l gia din
tch pht trin khe nt v din tch
nguyn trng, v.v.
ladder lode [8117] : mch dng thang.
n: ladder vein.
ladder reef [8118] : mch dng thang.
n: ladder vein.
ladder vein [8119] : mch dng thang.
Gm mt lot mch qung ngang gn song
song, lp y cc khe nt vung gc vi b
thnh ca dike. n: ladder lode; ladder reef.
Ladinian [8120] : Ladin.
Bc do Mojsisovics (1869) v Bittner (1892)
xc lp theo tn b tc Ladin o, bc ca
thi a tng quc t, phn trn ca Trias trung
(nm trn Anisi, nm di Carni).
laesura [8121] : ng so.
ng hoc vt so trn mt gn tm ca
mt bo t thc vt c phi, nh du s tip
xc vi cc thnh t khc ca b bn. C th l
ba khe hay n khe.
Sn: laesurae. n: tetrad scar.
laffittite [8122] : lafitit.
Khong vt h n nghing: AgHgAsS3.
lag [8123] : lm chm.
Lm ng cng chm, lm chm tc dng
ca ph gia, lm chm s ng cng ca
xi mng.
lag bolt [8124] : bu lng bt g.
lag fault [8125] : t gy chm nghch, t
gy tr.
Mt loi t gy nghch chm. Cc ca
cnh chm chuyn ng khc nhau lm cho
phn trn to nn np li o cnh.
lag gravel [8126] : tch t tn d ht th.
Thng l cc mnh vn cng chc, cn
li trn b mt sau khi cc ht kch thc nh
b gi cun i.
lag mound [8127] : mn st, t ti xp.
Di tch hay phn st li ca b mt dy,
khng b gn kt, trn vi khi lp ph b
cun tri.
lagoon [8128] : m ph, lagun.
L mt thy vc nc nng c tch ra
khi bin v i dng nh mt ct chn,
doi ct hoc rn san h v thng vi bin bn
ngoi qua mt hay nhiu ca. Lagun c xc
nh bi:.
- L mt phn ca bin hoc i dng.
- c ngn cch vi bin hoc i dng
nh ct, doi ct, rn san h, v.v.
- C ca thng vi bin hoc i dng
pha ngoi.
lagoon atoll [8129] : m tiu san h vng.
n: pseudoatoll.
lagoon beach [8130] : bi bin vng bin.
Bi ct hay bi bin mt bn c o san h
che chn, mt bn i din vi vng bin.
lagoon channel [8131] : eo vng bin, vc
vng bin.
1- Di t su ngn cch ngm san h
vi t lin hay cc o.
2- Li i qua ngm san h vo
vng bin.
lagoon cliff [8132] : sn vng bin dc ng,
vch vng bin.
n: lagoon scarp.
lagoon cycle [8133] : chu k ca vng bin.
Trnh t cc s kin v khong thi gian
bao gm lng ng trm tch vng bin v
cui cng l qu trnh xm thc do sng v ti
lng ng trm tch.
lagoon flat [8134] : bi cn.
Mt m tiu san h gn nh nm ngang,
hng v pha bi vng bin.
lagoon island [8135] : o vng bin.
1- o vng san h.
2- Nhiu o nh ri rc trong phm vi
vng bin di dng o vng hay o chn
san h.
lagoonlet [8136] : vng bin nh.
Vng nh, vng nng trn nn m tiu
san h.
lagoon margin [8137] : rim vng bin, b
vng bin.
Gii hn pha trc ca thm vng (vnh)
hoc mt m tiu san h dc theo pha khng
c o.
lagoon phase [8138] : tng vng vnh.
Lp hay tng trm tch trong cc vng
nc nng c ngn cch vi bin bng cc
di chn hay o chn.
lagoon plain [8139] : bi tch vng bin, ng
344
bng vng bin.
Bi bi hay ng bng bng phng c
hnh thnh do trm tch lp y vng bin.
lagoon scarp [8140] : sn vng bin
dc ng.
n: lagoon cliff.
lagoon shelf [8141] : thm vng bin.
Mt phn ca m tiu san h (di ngm
san h) ngn cch pha vng bin vi o san
h. Thm vng bin nghing, c ct ph v qu
trnh trm tch vt qu s pht trin ca vt
cht hu c.
lagoon side [8142] : b vng bin.
Phn t lin tip gip vi vng bin.
lagoon slope [8143] : sn vng bin.
i gip ranh v pha bin hoc pha sn
vng bin nghing xung t b vng bin
xung y vng bin.
lagula [8144] : vng bin, h.
S bin i a phng ca ting Php v
ting Italy c ngha l vng bin. Ty Nam
nc Hoa K do nh hng ca ting Ty Ban
Nha cng c ngha l h, vng bin.
lagune [8145] : vng bin, h.
S bin i ca th ng (ting a phng,
ting Php cng ch vng bin hay h nh).
lahar [8146] : dng bn ni la.
Dng bn trn cc sn ni la bao gm
ch yu l vn ni la, dung nham v cc vt
liu khc.
laihunite [8147] : laihunit.
Khong vt quan h vi fayalit cha Fe+3 v
c khong trng: Fe+2(Fe+3,Fe+2)SiO4.
n: ferrifayalite.
laitakarite [8148] : laitakarit.
Khong vt: Bi4(Se,S)3. Ss: ikunolite.
n: selenjoseite.
lakarpite [8149] : lakapit.
Syenit nephelin cha orthoclas hoc
microclin, plagioclas bas, acvetxonit, khong
vt ph acmit, nephelin bin i, rozenbusit v
natrolit th sinh.
lake [8150] : h.
1- Vng cha nc t trong t lin, chim
gi (hay chim c) min t thp ca b mt
Tri t, thng c th, nh gi c kch
thc nhng ln hn ao v qu su do
khng th canh tc c, c th nc nht hay
nc mn. Thut ng ny cng bao hm phn
m rng ca sng, h cha nc nhn to hay
"lu vc h" c nc theo ma.
2- Vng t lin cha nc su, b mt
thong ln chng li sng c gy ra
mt ni no , gn b.
lake basin [8151] : lu vc h.
1- Min trng trn b mt Tri t do h
chim c hay trc y h chim c, cn li
cc c im ca b h.
2- Vng m t h nhn c nc (lu
vc h).
lake delta [8152] : chu th h.
Bi bi hay chu th, thng c dng vng
cung, pha trc dc, c hnh thnh ca
sng vo h (nc ngt).
lake distric [8153] : vng h.
Vng c th hin bng tp hp nhiu h,
v d min bc nc Anh.
lake gun [8154] : h reo, h gm tht.
H c c tnh pht ra m thanh nghe nh
ting sng hay sm t xa. Mt s h chu u
c cc c im tng t vi cc tn gi khc
nhau.
lake-head delta [8155] : chu th u h.
Chu th c hnh thnh u h, do sng
to ra.
lake ice [8156] : h bng.
Bng thnh to trong h, khng k v tr ca
n v l bng nc ngt.
lakelet [8157] : h nh, ao.
H nh, t lt (loes) thnh to h.
lake marsh [8158] : h m ly.
1- Mt phn y h c thc vt pht trin
dy c.
2- m ly ln chim h trc y.
lake ore [8159] : qung trm tch lng ng
y h.
lake peat [8160] : h than bn.
n: sedimentary peat.
lake pitch [8161] : h nha asphalt.
Mt loi nha giu cht bitum (asphalt)
c khai thc t h asphalt Trinidad.
lake plain [8162] : lng h, y h.
1- B mt lng h tng i bng phng
c lp y bi vt liu c chn lc tt, do
sng sui mang ti.
2- Phn y bng phng hoc lng h c
tip gip vi h.
lake rampart [8163] : thnh h, b h dc.
G dng tng ni ln r rt dc theo b
h, cu thnh bi vt liu ht th cha gn kt.
c thnh to do dng nc, sng v gi,
thng cao khong 2 m.
lakescape [8164] : quang cnh h.
Ton cnh h, k c mt nc, c o nh,
c im ng b c th nhn c t mt
im quan st.
lakeshore [8165] : b h.
Di t hp tip xc hoc bao quanh h.
345
 n: lakeside.
lakeside [8166] : b h.
n: lakeshore.
lake terrace [8167] : thm h.
Thm hp, c ni b ct, c ni mi c
bi p dc theo b pha i din vi phn
nh ra hay dc ng b thp ca vch ng.
lalland [8168] : min t thp.
Bin tng ca ting Scotland. n: lowland.
Lambert projection [8169] : php chiu
Lambert, php chiu ng din.
n: hemispherical stereographic
projection; equal-area projections.
Lam constants [8170] : hng s Lame.
Cc hng s n hi v c Lame s
dng m t mi lin h gia ng sut v
bin dng xut hin trong vt th, khi n b
ngoi lc nh ng t, chn ng tc dng.
lamella [8171] : m mng, vy; tm mng;
lt mng.
1- (kv) Cc lp mng, n tinh th trong cc
song tinh a hp.
2- (cs) Cc b phn ca c th sinh vt
ging nh l hoc tm mng.
3- (th) Tm knh mng ph trn lt mng
thch hc.
lamellar [8172] : phn lp, phn phin,
c vy.
n: lamellate.
lamellar columella [8173] : ct dng phin.
San h c dng phin, San h Rugosa
thng nm trong mt phng ca vch chnh v
vch i, San h su tia th hng song song
vi trc di hn ca i.
lamellar conodont element [8174] : yu t
Rng nn phin mng.
Yu t Rng nn (Conodonta) gm nhiu
lp mng hoc mng cng cha "vt cht
trng" c m, c thy r mu vt.
lamellar ligament [8175] : dy chng
dng phin.
Phn ca dy chng Thn mm hai mnh
c c trng l cu trc dng phin v khng
cha carbonat calci. N c tit ra ra o, v
n hi vi c ng sut p v ng sut
cng gin.
lamellar pyrites [8176] : pyrit phin mng.
n: marcasite.
lamellibranch [8177] : mang phin.
X: bivalve.
lamina [8178] : lp c bn, lp c dng phng,
lp mng (cctr); phin mng, tm mng.
(cs) Mt cu trc dng phin mng, dng
vy hoc dng t mt sinh vt, chng hn
mt t mng u ca cht vch v gip ca
Trng dao ng (Tintinnidae), hoc cu trc
phin mng mt s San h nm gia hai lp
ca vt liu khung xng trong vch ngn v
tr gia.
laminar [8179] : c dng phng, mng.
laminated [8180] : cu to phn tm, phn
phin; cc c cu to phn tm, phn phin.
1- Cu to phn tm, phin ca cc dng
dung nham.
2- Cu to phn phin mng ca cc bin
cht vi cc tm c b dy nh hn 2.5 mm.
3- Cc c cu to phn tm, phn phin
mng c th tch ra thnh cc tm mng. n:
blastolaminar.
laminated quartz [8181] : mch thch anh
cha cc tm mng ca cc vt liu khc.
lamination [8182] : phn lp c dng phng;
th nm ca cc tm lava song song vi
nm di.
lammerite [8183] : lamerit.
Khong vt: Cu3(AsO4)2.
lamp shell [8184] : v n.
n ca brachiopod (Tay cun), nht l
thuc b Terebratulida.
lamprobolite [8185] : lamprobolit.
n: basaltic hornblende.
lamproite [8186] : lamproit.
Nhm cc xm nhp su va hoc xm
nhp, sm mu, giu kali v magnesi nh
madupid, orendit, fitroit, verit, sedrisit,
vaiomingit. Do Niggli ra(1923).
lamprophyllite [8187] : lamprophylit.
Khong vt: Na2(Sr,Ba)2Ti3(SiO4)4(OH,F)2.
lamprophyre [8188] : lamprophyr.
Nhm cc xm nhp su va, sm mu,
kin trc porphyr, na t hnh, giu khong vt
mu (biotit, hornblend, pyroxen), to nn cc
ban tinh trn nn ht mn ca chnh cc khong
vt v feldspar, feldspathoid. Mt s
trong nhm ny nh minet, vogezit, ketxantit,
spexactit, camptonit, fotchit, alnoit. Phn ln
lamprophyr b bin i mnh. Cc thng i
cng vi carbonatit.
lamprophyric [8189] : kin trc lamprophyr.
Kin trc in hnh ca lamprophyr, c
trng bi cc ban tinh khong vt sm mu
trn nn kt tinh ht mn.
lamproschist [8190] : lamprophyr b bin cht.
Lamprophyr cu to phin, cha biotit mu
nu v hornblend mu lc.
lanarkite [8191] : lanarkit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu trng, xanh
nht hoc xm: Pb2SO5 hoc PbO.PbSO4.
346
lanceolate [8192] : hnh mi mc.
C dng chiu di hn rng, tht nhn
mt u, v d mt ct vng cun ca Chn
u dng Cc c mt bng tht nhn, hoc
ca mt qun th Ru ng vt.
land [8193] : t lin, lc a.
Vi ngha chung nht l phn b mt Tri
t cao hn mc nc bin trung bnh. Khng
c nhm ln vi thut ng "t" hay th
nhng-"soil".
landanite [8194] : landanit.
Khong vt: (Zn,Mn,Fe)Ti3O7.
land area [8195] : vng t lin.
land bridge [8196] : cu t.
Phn t ni lin gia cc i lc hay phn
gia cc vng t, thng l ni chm ngp
vnh cu hay tm thi, to iu kin cho cc
sinh vt di c.
Landenian [8197] : Landen.
Bc chu u. Paleocen thng (nm trn
Mont-Heers, nm di Ypres ca Eocen). Bao
gm Thanet v Sparnac.
landerit [8198] : landerit.
Khong vt mu hng ca lot granat-
grossular. n: rosolite, xalostocite.
landesite [8199] : landesit.
Khong vt mu nu:
Mn+2Fe+3(PO4)2(OH)2.3H2O, l sn phm
bin i ca redingit. Ss: salmonsite.
land fill [8200] : chn lp (cht thi).
Bin php x l cht thi bng cch chn
vi chng vo lng t.
landflood [8201] : t ngp lt, bi trn.
t c nc chy trn hay t ngp lt.
landform [8202] : a hnh, hnh dng mt t.
Hnh dng t nhin nhn thy c hoc
c im ca b mt Tri t c hnh dng c
trng do cc tc nhn t nhin to ra v bao
gm cc hnh dng ch yu nh: ng bng,
cao nguyn, ni v cc hnh dng th yu nh
i, sn, thung lng, cn ct, g, v.v. Ton
th cc hnh dng l a hnh to nn b mt
Tri t. n: relief flature.
land reclamation [8203] : ci to t.
Bin php bin nhng khu t khng s
dng c (nh moong khai thc, bi thi c,.)
thnh t trng trt, xy dng.
LANDSAT [8204] : h thng v tinh nhn to
chp nh Tri t.
H thng v tinh nhn to ca M bay
cao 900-950 km, chuyn chp nh TM v MSS
phc v vin thm.
landslide [8205] : hin tng trt t.
S dch chuyn khi t theo sn dc
di tc ng ca trng lc, thng xy ra
nhng sn i ni hoc b h, trin sng, b
moong, ta luy ng giao thng. c cu to
bi t c kt yu, khi dc v m ca
t vt qu gii hn n nh. Trt xy ra
c th do nguyn nhn t nhin (ng t, ma
to lm tng sng nc ca t ) hoc
nhn to (n bom mn gy chn ng mnh,
xy dng cc cng trnh nng trn sn dc,
o khot t di chn sn lm tng gc
dc, gy mt n nh ca khi t pha trn
sn dc,...).
Trt t thng gy tc hi ln cho kinh
t-dn sinh: ph hy cc cng trnh xy dng,
lp cc khu dn c, lm tc nghn ng
giao thng v dng chy sng ngi, thu hp h
cha, v.v. n: landsliding; slide; landslip.
landslide accumulation [8206] : tch t trt.
t tch t di chn sn dc do khi trt
t th n nh.
landslide breccia [8207] : dm kt trt t.
Dm kt b v vn v tp hp li do trng
lc, nh l hoc ln.
landslide crown [8208] : m khi trt.
Phn t nguyn th trn cng, bn trn
vch trt chnh, nm ngoi khi trt v
khng b l ra do trt t.
landslide depleted mass [8209] : khi mt t.
Phn t trt nm trn mt trt nhng
nm di mt t ban u.
landslide depletion [8210] : khi t mt.
Phn bao bi vch trt chnh, khi mt t
v mt t ban u.
landslide flank [8211] : cnh, bin khi trt.
Phn t nguyn th hai bn mt trt.
landslide foot [8212] : chn khi trt.
Phn khi trt chm qu chn mt trt.
landslide head [8213] : u khi trt.
ng tip xc trn cng gia khi trt v
vch trt chnh, i qua nh khi trt.
landslide lake [8214] : h trt t.
1- H do t trt lm chn dng chy to
thnh.
2- H nm gia thm trt v vch thung
lng, thng hp v di.
landslide length of displaced mass [8215] :
chiu di khi trt.
Khong cch ngn nht t mt chn ti nh
khi trt.
landslide main body [8216] : thn khi trt.
Phn khi trt nm trn mt trt.
landslide sapping [8217] : trt t sp ngm.
Qu trnh gy l, trt t do sng sui o
khot di chn cc vch hm kiu canhon.
347
landslide scar [8218] : vch trt ng.
B mt trn sn ni, sn i hay sn dc
ng cn li sau khi vt liu t
trt l xung dc.
landslide shear surface [8219] : mt trt.
n: slip surface.
landslide surface of rupture [8220] : mt
trt.
Mt y ca khi trt.
landslide terrace [8221] : thm trt.
Bc thm ngn, b mt khng phng c
c do trt t.
landslide tip [8222] : mt chn khi trt.
im nm trn mp chn khi trt, xa nht
k t nh khi trt.
landslide toe [8223] : mp chn khi trt.
ng vin thp nht ca khi trt, i qua
mt chn khi trt.
landslide top [8224] : nh khi trt.
im tip xc cao nht gia khi trt v
vch trt chnh.
landslide total length [8225] : chiu di tng.
Khong cch nh nht t mt chn khi
trt ti m trt.
landslide track [8226] : vt trt t.
Du vt hay ng l ra do trt t.
landsliding [8227] : hin tng trt t.
n: landslide; landslip.
landslip [8228] : hin tng trt t.
n: landslide (ngi Anh hay dng).
land subsidence [8229] : st ln mt t.
Hin tng h thp mt t do nhng
nguyn nhn t nhin (vn ng kin to, sp
hang karst.) hoc nhn to (khai thc nc
di t qu mc, khai o hm l ngm.).
X: subsidence.
land uplift [8230] : t b nng ln, t b y
tri ln.
langbanite [8231] : langbanit.
Khong vt h su phng mu en-st:
(Mn+2,Ca)4(Mn+3Fe+3)9SbSi2O24. Khng nn
nhm vi langbeinit.
langbeinite [8232] : langbeinit.
Khong vt ng hnh khng mu n
nht: K2 Mg2 (SO4)3, s dng trong cng
nghip phn bn, ngun kali. Khng nn nhm
vi langbanit.
langisite [8233] : langisit.
Khong vt h su phng: (Co,Ni)As.
langite [8234] : langit.
Khong vt mu xanh:
Cu4(SO4)(OH)6.2H2O.
lannonite [8235] : lanonit.
Khong vt dng hoa n trn vch m v
trong i dm kt:
HCa4Mg2Al4(SO4)8F9.32H2O.
lansfordite [8236] : lansfordit.
Khong vt khng mu:
MgCO3.5H2O, bin i thnh nesquehoit
khi tip xc vi khng kh.
lanthanite [8237] : lanthanit.
Khong vt khng mu, trng, hng hoc
vng: (La,Ce)2(CO3)3.8H2O. Ss: lanthanite-Nd.
lanthanite-Nd [8238] : lantanit-Nd.
Khong vt cha Nd tng t lantanit:
(Nd,La)2(CO3)3.8H2O.
lanthanum [8239] : lantan (La).
Nguyn t ha hc s 57, nguyn t lng
138,9055; t trng 6,145 g/cm3, thuc nhm
kim loi nng REE, lithophil. Hm lng La
trong cc (ppm): v lc a trn l 32,3; siu
mafic 1; gabro-basalt 6; granit granodiorit 50;
phin 40; trong t 35. Cc khong vt tiu
biu l monazit, bastnaezit, cerit, allanit.
Phng php phn tch: ICP-AES, ICP-MS.
c s dng trong ngnh xc tc, thy tinh,
gm s, pin, cht siu dn.
lapieite [8240] : lapieit.
Khong vt: Cu Ni SbS3.
lapilli [8241] : cui ni la, lapili.
Cc mnh vn c ngun gc ch yu l ni
la, c th ngun gc khc, c kch thc gii
hn 2-64mm, c th dng cng hoc dng
nht khi ri xung t nn khng c hnh dng
c trng. Mnh vn ring bit gi l lapilus.
lapilli tuff [8242] : tuf lapili.
gm ch yu lapili v nn tuf.
lapillistone [8243] : lipili.
vn ni la gm ch yu lapili.
lapillite [8244] : tuf lapili.
n: lapilli tuff.
lapis lazuli [8245] : lapis lazuli.
1- mu xanh da tri, bn trong ta opal,
ht kt tinh thng s dng nh bn qu vi
mc ch trang tr, c thnh phn gm ch yu
l lazurit, calcit, t hauyn, sodalit, cc bao th
pirit. cn c nh mu xanh da tri khc
nhau ph thuc vo s lng bao th.
2- Tn c ca lazurit.
3- Serpentin mu xanh nc bin sm t
n .
laplandite [8246] : laplandit.
Khong vt h thoi:
Na4CeTiPSi7O22.5H2O.
lard stone [8247] : talc dng khi, steotit.
larderellite [8248] : larderelit.
Khong vt mu trng: (NH4)B5O8.2H2O.
lardite [8249] : lardit.
348
 1- silic mu trng, ngm nc mt dng
ca opal phn b trong st trung tm
nc Nga.
2- talc dng khi.
3- Agalmatolit.
larosite [8250] : larosit.
Khong vt h thoi: (Cu,Ag)21(Pb,Bi)2S13.
larvikite [8251] : larvikit.
Sienit kim tng ng vi monzonit, thng
c mu xanh da tri, bao gm cc ban tinh ca
oligocla v feldspar kali vi nn gm feldspar
diopxit-augit, titan augit, cc khong vt ph
nh apatit (thng c hm lng ng k),
ilmenit, titanomagnetit, t hn l olivin,
bronzit, lepidomelane, thch anh, nephelin.
lassenite [8252] : lasenit.
Trc y dng cho thy tinh ni la c
thnh phn trachit, hin nay cho c dacit.
latent magma [8253] : magma latent.
Magma c nht cao, tn ti di v
Tri t, di p sut cao nh th cng. Khi p
sut gim, magma c dng chy lng.
lateral [8254] : mt bn, mt pha, ngang; ni
la n bm (k sinh).
n: lateral stream.
lateral channel [8255] : dng chy mt bn.
Dng sui hay sng c hnh thnh do
nc bng tan chy v mt bn qua khe hm
ngn cch vi cc i.
lateral consequence stream [8256] : dng
chy thun mt bn.
Dng lung (sng ngi) th sinh thun
hng chy vi cnh np li hay np lm.
lateral corrasion [8257] : xm thc ngang,
bo mn ngang.
S mi mn xm thc theo chiu ngang ca
b sng, sui.
lateral dissepiment [8258] : m bt bin.
San h Rugosa c dng nt gip c trng
v pht trin bit lp hai bn ca vch.
lateral erosion [8259] : xm thc ngang.
S xi mn mt bn sn b do qu trnh
to khc cong ca sng.
lateral fault [8260] : t gy bng, t gy
trt bng.
t gy c hin tng trt theo phng.
lateral lobe [8261] : thy bn.
Thy ng khu ca v Chn u Dng
cc nm cnh bn ca v.
lateral log [8262] : carota sn.
Mt dng ca phng php carota in tr,
trong o chnh xc in tr ca t lath shaped [8274] : dng hnh ct.
dc thnh ging hoc l khoan, ngi ta b
sung thm vo zn o in tr cc in cc
pht nhm hng dng pht chy tp trung vo
thnh ging khoan.
lateral pressure [8263] : p lc, p sut bn
(hng).
lateral saddle [8264] : yn bn.
Yn ng khu ca v Chn u dng
Cc nm cnh bn ca v.
lateral strain indicator [8265] : thit b o
bin dng ngang.
lateral stream [8266] : dng chy mt pha,
dng ngang.
Sng sui t lng trc tip pha trc hoc
t pha sn. V d sui chy dc theo thnh
(g) ca dng dung nham va mi lp y
phn thung lng.
lateral tooth [8267] : rng bn.
Rng bn l Thn mm hai mnh nm
pha trc v pha sau trung im ca bn l,
hoc l nm trc v sau rng chnh.
lateral valley [8268] : thung lng dc.
Thung lng dc, pht trin song song vi
cu trc chung ca khu vc.
lateral yield [8269] : bin dng chy do
ngang.
Bin dng chy do bn hng, theo chiu
ngang, theo chiu vung gc vi chiu gia ti.
laterite [8270] : laterit.
L thut ng lu i, ch lp t nm di
lp th nhng mu b phong ha mnh,
giu cc khong vt oxid th sinh ca Fe, Al
hoc c hai, gn nh khng cn silicat nguyn
sinh v c cha thch anh, kaolinit. Laterit
pht trin vng c kh hu nhit i, nng
m, c thm thc vt. Laterit c kh nng cng
rn li, sau khi mt m v lm kh, c th ct
v s dng nh gch xy dng. Thut ng
c gc Latinh, latericius ngha l gch.
laterite soil [8271] : t laterit.
L mt nhm t ln trong h thng phn
loi nm 1938, c trng bi mt tng A mng
v mt tng B nhim mu nm trn laterit
(USDA-U.S. Deft. of Agriculture soil
taxonomy, 1938). Nm 1949, c s xem xt li
v nhm t ny c xp vo latosols. Laterit
hin nay c xp vo orthox.
lateritization [8272] : laterit ha.
n: laterization.
laterization [8273] : laterit ha.
L mt thut ng tng qut ch qu trnh
bin i t, thnh laterit. Cn c vit l
lateritization.
Hnh dng bn ngoi ca tinh th ko di v
mng, b dy t va phi n hp. Trong lt
349
mng tinh th c dng ct, ng.
latilamina [8275] : lp phin rng.
Mt lp phin hay m bt mt s
Stromatoporata, dy 1-10mm, m ranh gii
c nh du bng cc mt phng mng yu
ca m xng v s tp trung ca cc phin.
latite [8276] : latit.
ni la kin trc porphyr c ban tinh gm
plagioclas v feldspar kali t l bng nhau, t
hoc khng c thch anh, nn kt tinh vi ht n
nn thy tinh cha feldspar kali. xm nhp
tng ng l monzonit. Latit chuyn tip thnh
trachit khi tng hm lng plagioclas bas v
gim hm lng feldspar kim.
latitude [8277] : v .
latitude correction [8278] : hiu chnh v .
Php hiu chnh c s dng trong thm
d t loi tr nh hng thay i gi tr ca
trng do s thay i ca trng a t cc
im quan st c v khc nhau. Php hiu
chnh ny c s dng trong thm d t
xc nh cc d thng t lin quan vi cc i
tng a cht.
latiumite [8279] : latiumit.
Khong vt: (Ca,K)8(Al,Mg,Fe)(Si,Al)10O25.
latrappite [8280] : latrapit.
Khong vt: (Ca,Na)(Nb,Ti,Fe)O3.
Ss: perovskite.
lattice [8281] : mng tinh th.
Nhng nt (nguyn t, ion hoc phn t)
trong tinh th phn b nhng im tng ng
ca hnh hp, chng chim nhng v tr khng
gian nh hng song song c in tch bng
nhau v lin kt trc tip vi nhau trong hnh
hp .
lattice defect [8282] : khuyt tt mng tinh
th.
n: crystal defect.
lattice texture [8283] : kin trc lattic.
Kin trc c trng cho serpentin khi n b
amphibol thay th.
Lattorfian [8284] : Lattorfy.
Bc Chu u. Oligocen h (nm trn
Priabon, nm di Rupel).
laubmannite [8285] : laubmanit.
Khong vt: Fe+2Fe+36(PO4)4(OH)12, c th
cha mt t mangan hoc calci.
Laubschers geomechanical classification
scheme [8286] : h phn loi a c
Laubscher.
H phn loi khi do Laubscher ngh
trn c s ci tin h phn loi a c ca
Bieniawski chuyn p dng cho khai thc
m hm l.
laueite [8287] : laueit.
Khong vt h ba nghing mu nu: MnFe2
(PO4)2 (OH)2 .8H2O, ng hnh vi strunzit.
Ss: pseudolaueite.
laugenite [8288] : laugenit.
Diorit oligoclas (Idding, 1913, Laugandal,
Na Uy). Thut ng khng nn dng.
laumontite [8289] : laumontit.
Khong vt zeolit mu trng:
CaAl2Si4O12.4H2O. Thnh thong cha natri,
ngoi khng kh th mt nc tr nn m
c, v v vn. Laumontit c dng tinh th
lng tr trong mch, trong phin v trong
hc magma.
laumontite prehnite quartz facies [8290] :
tng bin cht thch anh-prenit-laumontit.
Tng bin cht thch anh-prenit-laumontit
ngh thay th cho tng zeolit.
launayite [8291] : laumayit.
Khong vt: Pb22 Sb26 S61.
Laurasia [8292] : i lc c Bc bn cu,
Laurasia.
Lc a nguyn thy Bc bn cu, tng
ng vi Gondwana Nam bn cu. Laurasia
hin nay c tch ra v di chuyn thnh
cc lc a Bc bn cu. Theo thuyt tri lc
a th Laurasia v Gondwana c tch ra t
mt lc a c tn l Pangea, bao quanh n l
i dng c Pantalat. Laurasia gm Bc M,
Grnlan, phn ln lnh th u- tr n .
laurdalite [8293] : laurdalit.
Syenit kim cha khng t hn 10% cc
khong vt modal nhm feldspathoid v c
kin trc porphyr.
laurionite [8294] : laurionit.
Khong vt khng mu: Pb(OH)Cl, lng
hnh vi paralaurionit.
laurite [8295] : laurit.
Khong vt mu en st: RuS2, thng cha
osmi. Laurit i cng vi platin trong sa khong
v thng c khi hnh tm mt ging
magnetit.
lausenite [8296] : lausenit.
Khong vt dng si mu trng bc:
Fe2(SO4)3.6H2O.
lautarite [8297] : lautarit.
Khong vt h n nghing: Ca (IO3)2.
lautite [8298] : lautit.
Khong vt: CuAsS.
lava [8299] : dung nham.
lava ball [8300] : cu ni la.
Cc khi dng trn vi phn bn trong l x
ni la, v ngoi cng. Chng to thnh do x
ni la b bao bc bi dung nham lng.
350
 n: volcanic ball, pseudobomb.
lava blister [8301] : bt dung nham.
n: blister.
lava breccia [8302] : dm kt ni la.
Dm kt to thnh do v vn phn trn v
phn di ca dng dung nham trong qu trnh
di chuyn.
lava cascade [8303] : thc dung nham.
Thc dung nham to bi dng dung nham
chy qua vch ni hoc sn dc ca a hnh.
lava cave [8304] : hang dung nham.
L hng hoc ng trong lng dung nham.
lava column [8305] : ct dung nham.
Ct dung nham lng hoc ng cng
trong thnh to ni la.
lava dam lake [8306] : h to bi p
dung nham.
H to bi dng dung nham ng cng,
ngn dng nc.
lava dome [8307] : i dung nham.
1- Ni dng vm to bi nhiu dng chy
dung nham c chy lng cao.
2- Ni la dng khin.
3- G trn dng dung nham.
lava eruption [8308] : phun tro dung nham.
Pha hot ng ni la c trng bi s phun
dung nham km theo t hin tng phun n.
lava field [8309] : trng dung nham.
Trng, vng ph bi dng dung nham.
lava flow [8310] : dng lava, dng dung nham.
S tro ra ngoi mt t ca lava t mt
trung tm hoc khe nt to thnh dng hoc
lp ph. Kch thc ca dng hoc lp ph
lava rt khc nhau, ty thuc vo tnh cht,
thnh phn ca lava v a hnh b mt tri t
ni lava tro ra.
lava flow-unit [8311] : li dung nham, thy
(nhnh) dung nham.
Li dung nham (nhnh dung nham) c
tch ra t dng dung nham chnh.
lava fountain [8312] : vi, l phun dung nham.
Tia dung nham nng sng bn vo khng
kh, t khi magma tro ti b mt t nh p
sut thy tnh ca cht lng v s trng n
ca cc bt kh trong chng. Vi phun t
chiu cao 10-100 m, i khi t 300 m. Vi
phun dung nham c trng cho phun tro kiu
Hawaiian.
lava lake [8313] : h dung nham.
H dung nham nng chy, thng thnh
phn basic, trong ming ni la hoc ni st
ln. Thut ng lin quan ti giai on ng kt
hoc ng kt tng phn cng nh nng chy
ca dung nham, h dung nham cn hot ng.
lava levee [8314] : dung nham.
Nhng lp x ni la chy trn qua dng
dung nham v cng li to thnh con .
lava plain [8315] : ng bng dung nham.
Phn t rng, tri di bng phng hoc gn
bng phng (thng hng trm km2), di l
hng lot dng dung nham tng i dy,
thng c thnh phn bas.
lava plateau [8316] : cao nguyn dung nham.
Vng t bng phng hoc vng cao nguyn
thng rng hng trm n hng nghn km2, b
ph bi cc dng dung nham dy, ch yu l
basalt toleit v sn phm ca phun tro khe
nt. n: basaltic plateau.
lava rag [8317] : mu, on vt liu x c
phun ra t ni la.
lava shield [8318] : khin ni la basalt, khin
dung nham.
Ni la khin kiu basalt.
lava toe [8319] : chn (r) dung nham.
Chn (r) dung nham to thnh bi s tim
nhp ca dung nham vo cc khe nt.
lava tree [8320] : cy dung nham.
Dng na hnh tr nh trn b mt ca dng
dung nham, hnh thnh khi cc dng dung
nham lng chy qua trin ni, qua ba rng t
chy cc cy to hnh dng cy dung nham
(lava-tree mold). Him gp, ch thy trn cc
dng dung nham mi y.
lava tree mold [8321] : khun cy trong
dung nham.
Cc l hnh tr trong dng dung nham, to
bi cc cy b t chy v sau b ra tri
phn tro. Trong thnh cc l bo tn cc
c im ca cy.
lava trench [8322] : ng dung nham b sp.
lava tube [8323] : ng dung nham.
ng dung nham l khong rng di b
mt dung nham kt cng, to nn do rt i
dung nham nng chy rt i sau khi hnh thnh
v b mt. n: lava cave; lava tunnel.
lava tunnel [8324] : ng dung nham.
n: lava tube.
lavendulan [8325] : lavendulan.
Khong vt: NaCaCO3(AsO4)4Cl.5H2O.
n: freirinite.
lavenite [8326] : lavenit.
Khong vt: (Na,Ca)3Zr(Si2O7)(O,OH,F)2.
Ss: whlerite. Cn vit l laavenite.
lavialite [8327] : lavialit.
Basalt b bin cht vi tn d ban tinh
labradorit v nn l amphibolit.
lavrentievite [8328] : lavrentievit.
Khong vt: Hg3S2Cl2.
351
law [8329] : i, g.
Thut ng Scotland ch i hoc g hay
m t, c hnh dng tng i trn hoc
hnh nn.
law of basin area [8330] : nh lut lu vc
sng.
Quy lut chung th hin quan h hnh hc
trc tip gia bc sng v din tch lu vc
trung bnh ca mi bc trong lu vc bit.
Quy lut ny c th hin nh mt phng
trnh hi quy tuyn tnh loga ca din tch
trung bnh lu vc ca bc sng. H s tuyn
tnh dng l loga ca h s lu vc.
law of reflection [8331] : nh lut phn x.
nh lut ny c nghin cu trong cc
phng php thm d a chn v in t. nh
lut nu ln v mi lin h gia cc c trng
(bin , tn s, pha, gc phn x) ca sng
phn x v gc , bin ca cc sng ti
cng nh cc tham s vt l ca cc phn mi
trng nm v hai pha ca mt phn x.
law of refraction [8332] : nh lut khc x.
nh lut ny c nghin cu trong cc
phng php thm d a chn v in t. nh
lut nu ln v s ph thuc gia gc khc x
v bin ca sng khc x vo gc ca
sng ti p vo ranh gii khc x cng nh
tng quan v cc tham s vt l ca cc lp
t kp n.
law of stream gradients [8333] : nh lut v
nghing ca sng.
Quy lut chung th hin mi quan h t l
nghch gia bc sng v nghing trung bnh
ca sng i vi bc cho trong lu vc
sng .
law of surface relationship [8334] : lut lin
h b mt.
Nguyn l c Wheeler (1964) pht trin:
"Thi gian l i lng a tng c ngha ch
khi quy m l mt thi im n nh trong
lch s Tri t, c th c hiu nh s trng
khp mt cch chnh xc vi s tng ng
ca b mt thch quyn ton cu v tt c cc
s kin cng xy ra trn hoc lin quan trc
tip vi n". "Mt thch quyn" (mt tch t
hay mt bo mn) c nhn nhn nh: "ch l
b mt "lun c" a cht-vt l tng hp vi
s quan h vi a tng trc tip.
lawsonite [8335] : lawsonit.
Khong vt h thoi khng mu n mu
xanh-xm nht: CaAl2(Si2O7)(OH)2.H2O.
lawsonite albite facies [8336] : tng bin
cht albit-lausonit.
Thut ng ch cc to thnh nhit
tng ng tng lausonit-glaucophan-jadeit
nhng p sut thp hn (6500-7500 bar).
lawsonite laucophane jadeite facies [8337] :
tng lausonit-glaucophan-jadeit.
Ch cc thuc mt phn tng phin
glaucophan, to thnh nhit 250-
400oC. p sut cao hn 7500 bar v c mt t
hp cng sinh ca lausonite, glaucophan.
layer [8338] : lp, va, tng t; lp thng tin
trong bn .
1-(t) Thut ng tng hp ch mt th
(xm nhp, bin cht, trm tch), bng h hay
vt liu khng gn kt, v.v. xp thnh lp, v tr
th nm ca n c bn l song song vi mt
hay nhiu b mt trn hoc di, gii hn
trn v di r rng.
2-(tc) Trong GiS mi thng tin c qun
l thng qua cc lp.
layering [8339] : phn tng, phn lp.
S phn tng cc magma, bin cht, trm
tch, to thnh cc tng lp c thnh phn
khong vt, c im cu to, kin trc
khc nhau.
layout map [8340] : b tr, sp xp, chng
ghp bn .
lazarenkoite [8341] : lazarenkoit.
Khong vt: (Ca,Fe)Fe+3As+33O7.3H2O.
lazuli [8342] : lazuli.
n: lapis lazuli. Cn vit l lazule'.
lazulite [8343] : lazulit.
Khong vt mu trong-xanh n xanh-tm:
(MgFe+3)Al2(PO4)2(OH)2, ng hnh vi
scorzalit, c dng khi nh hoc tinh th h
n nghing. n: blue spar, false lapis,
berkeyite. Khng nn nhm vi lazurite.
lazurite [8344] : lazurit.
Khong vt feldspathoid mu xanh mnh ti
xanh tm thuc nhm sodalit:
(Na,Ca)7,8(Al,Si)12(O,S)24[SO4,Cl2,(OH)2]2.
Khng nn nhm vi lazulit.
leaching [8345] : tch, kh c hi.
1- S tch kh c chn lc hoc ha tan cc
cht trong hoc thn qung bng qu trnh
thm t nhin.
2- S kh cc thnh phn c hi trong tng
t nh mui khong, vt cht hu c bi qu
trnh thm lc t nhin hoc nhn to.
lead [8346] : ch (Pb); knh dn nc, p nc.
1- (h) Tn La tinh l plumbum. Nguyn t
ha hc s 82, nguyn t lng 207,21; t
trng 11,35 g/cm3, thuc nhm kim loi nng,
chalcophil, c 4 ng v bn v 40 khng bn.
Hm lng Pb trong cc (ppm): v lc a
trn l 17; siu mafic 0,05; gabro-basalt 4;
phin 22; trong t 17, trong nc i dng
352
0,00003 mg/l; nc sng sui 0,003 mg/l. Cc
khong vt tiu biu l galena, anglesit,
cerussit, minium. Phng php phn tch: ICP-
MS, GF-AAS. Dng Pb trong cc lnh vc pin,
cht to mu, hp kim c bit, hp kim lm
ng ng, v cp, c con ch, cc v chn
phng x. Danh t ny cn c dng gi
graphit l than ch.
2-(m) Dng chy rng, nhn to dn ti
m, p nc hay my xay gi.
lead glance [8347] : qung ch sulfur.
n: galena.
lead ratio [8348] : t l ch.
T l ca mt ng v ch trn mt ng v
ch khc. l cc t l Pb206/Pb204, Pb207/Pb204,
Pb208/Pb204, Pb207/Pb206.
lead spar [8349] : spar ch.
n: cerussite; anglesite.
lead vitriol [8350] : sulfat ch.
n: anglesite.
lead-210 age method [8351] : phng php
ch 210 xc nh tui.
Phng php xc nh tui da trn c s
hot ca Pb210 c chu k bn r l 22,2 nm.
Phng php ny c ng dng nghin
cu t l lng ng Nam Cc.
lead-alpha age method [8352] : phng php
ch alpha xc nh tui.
Phng php xc nh tui theo nm bng
cch o ph ca tng lng ch v hot tnh
hp phn alpha trong zircon, monazit hoc
xenotim, hot tnh hp phn alpha i din cho
hm lng urani v thori. Phng php ny rt
thch hp vi cc tr hn tin Cambri.
n: Lacsen method, lead-alpha dating.
leadamalgam [8353] : khong vt ch -
thy ngn.
HgPb2.
leadhillite [8354] : leadhilit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu vng nht
hoc xanh nht, trng: Pb4 (SO4) (CO3)2 (CH2),
ng hnh vi macphersonit v susannit.
lead-isotope age [8355] : tui ch ng v.
lead-lead age [8356] : tui ch-ch.
Tui tnh theo nm bng cch tnh t s
Pb207/Pb206. y l mt cng thc tnh tui ca
phng php urani-thori-ch.
n: lead isotope age.
lead-uranium age method [8357] : phng
php uran-ch xc nh tui.
Cn vit l uranium-lead age method.
lead-uranium ratio [8358] : t s ch
uranium.
T s Pb206/U238 hoc Pb207/U235 c hnh
thnh do s phn r ca urani trong khong
vt. Cc t s ny thng c dng tnh
tui trong phng php urani-thori-ch xc
nh tui.
leakage [8359] : thm xuyn.
S thm nc t mt ngun nc mt vo
tng cha nc di t hay t mt tng cha
nc ny ln hoc xung mt tng cha nc
khc thng qua lp t thm nc yu
ngn cch.
leakage coefficient [8360] : h s thm xuyn.
Thng s biu th cng thm xuyn qua
lp thm nc yu.
leakage factor [8361] : nhn t thm lc.
di c trng cho mt tng cha nc
thm lc ( di ln i vi mc thm t v
ngc li), c xc nh bng cn bc hai tch
gia kh nng chuyn ca tng cha chnh v
sc cn ca lp na thm nm bn trn hoc
bn di n.
lean clay [8362] : t st c do thp.
lean ore [8363] : qung ngho.
Qung c hm lng khng p ng yu
cu cng nghip.
least count [8364] : s m cc tiu.
least time path [8365] : tia cc tiu thi gian.
Tia sng m thi gian sng truyn dc n l
nh nht: khi nim tia cc tiu thi gian c
s dng trong thm d a chn. Trong mi
trng a cht, cc sng a chn ch yu lan
truyn dc tia cc tiu thi gian.
lechatelierite [8366] : lechatelizit.
Silic v nh hnh xut hin trong thin
nhin do va p cc thin thch lm chy lng
ct thch anh; thy tinh silic t nhin hnh
thnh trong nhit cao.
lecontite [8367] : lecontit.
Khong vt khng mu, thnh to trong
phn chim: (NH4,K)Na(SO4).2H2O.
lectostratotype [8368] : lectostratotyp, chun
a tng (mt ct chun) b khuyt.
Chun a tng (stratotyp) c chn lm
c trng cho mt phn v hay ranh gii, trong
trng hp tc gi khng xc lp chun a
tng nguyn thy (holostratotyp) khi m t ln
u phn v hay ranh gii a tng.
Ledian [8369] : Led.
Bc chu u. Eocen trung (tng ng
vi Lutet trung).
ledikite [8370] : ledikit.
Khong vt st:
K(Fe,Mg)3(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4, dng tm mt
ba tng t ilit.
lee [8371] : mt khut gi.
353
 Mt phn ca sn i hoc ni quay ngc
hng gi (tc l ni trnh gi).
lee shore [8372] : b chn gi.
B bin chn ngang bi gi t t lin v do
vy bo v c tc dng ca sng bin.
leeuwfonteinite [8373] : leuwfontenit.
Syenit giu anortoclas v cha amphibol
natri. (Thut ng khng nn dng).
left bank [8374] : t ngn (b tri).
B sng hay sui nm pha tri (t ngn)
ca dng chy.
left lateral fault [8375] : t gy trt
bng tri.
t gy trt ngang c phn bn trn (so
vi ngi quan st) dch chuyn v pha bn
tri. n: sinistral fault.
left lateral seperation [8376] : tch trt
bng tri.
S dch chuyn dc theo t gy, trn bnh
phn pha trn chuyn dch sang bn tri.
left slip fault [8377] : t gy trt bng tri.
Trn bnh , phn pha trn hoc phn i
din vi ngi quan st trt sang bn tri.
legrandite [8378] : legrandit.
Khong vt mu vng n gn khng mu:
Zn2(AsO4)(OH).H2O.
lehiite [8379] : lehiit.
Khong vt mu trng:
(Na,K)2Ca5Al8(PO4)8(OH)12.6H2O (?).
lehmanite [8380] : lemantit.
magma cha feldspar v thch anh.
(Thut ng c).
leidleite [8381] : leidleit.
Dacit hoc ryodacit cha thy tinh, microlit
plagioclas bas, pyroxen, apatit v khong vt
qung, khng c ban tinh. (Thut ng khng
nn dng).
leifite [8382] : leifit.
Khong vt khng mu:
Na2(Si,Al,Be)7(O,OH, F)14.
leightonite [8383] : leightonit.
Khong vt mu xanh nht:
K2Ca2Cu(SO4)4.2H2O.
leiteite [8384] : leiteit.
Khong vt: ZnAs2O4.
lekolith [8385] : h dung nham.
Th phun tro tng i ng thc trn
b mt, c b mt trn gn bng phng, b mt
di trng vi y ca thung lng, ng knh
ln hn b dy.
lemoynite [8386] : lemoynit.
Khong vt: (Na,K)2C Zr2Si10O26.5-6H2O.
Lenan [8387] : Len.
Bc chu u. Cambri trung (nm trn
Aldan, nm di Amga).
lengenbachite [8388] : lengenbachit.
Khong vt mu xm thp:
Pb6(Ag,Cu)2 As4S13.
length distortion [8389] : vn, mo theo
chiu di.
Khi qut bn bng my qut (scanner)
do chnh xc v co gin khng u ca
giy, nh thu c thng b vn, mo.
chnh l cn s dng cc phn mm chuyn
dng nn chnh ta (nh Microstation.).
lennilenapeite [8390] : lenilenapeit.
Khong vt: K6-7(Mg,Mn, Fe+2,Fe+3,Zn)48
(Si,Al)7 (O,OH)216.16H2O, cha Mg tng t
stilpnomelan.
lennilite [8391] : lenilit.
1- Loi feldspar mu xanh (orthoclass)
Lenni Mills, Delawave nc Penna.
2- Khong vt vermiculit.
lenticle [8392] : thu knh, va dng thu knh.
lenticular [8393] : dng thu knh, dng
ht u.
lentil [8394] : lentil; thu knh.
(t) Phn v thch a tng ph c phm vi
a l gii hn, l mt phn ca h tng tng
ng vi tp, mng dn theo tt c cc hng.
Ss: tongue; Cc th dng thu knh c
gii hn bi cc tng c thnh phn khc.
leolite [8395] : leolit.
Khong vt kt tinh dng khi, nh m v
mu sm (xm nht, xanh sng hoc nu n
-nu nht), thnh thong s dng lm
trang tr, trang sc. n: nepheline.
Leonardian [8396] : Leonard.
Thng Bc M. Permi h (nm trn
Wolfcamp, nm di Gualdalup).
leonhardite [8397] : leonhardit.
Khong vt zeolit: Ca2Al4Si8O24.7H2O, l
loi laumontit b mt nc mt phn. Khng
nn nhm vi leonhardtit hoc leonardit.
leonite [8398] : leonit.
Khong vt h n nghing khng mu,
trng hoc vng nht: K2Mg(SO4)2.4H2O.
leopardite [8399] : leopadit.
magma, bao gm cc ban tinh nh thch
anh trn nn vi granit gm thch anh, octoclas,
albit v mica. Cc vt bm oxid mangan v st
to cho dng sc hoc m. (Thut ng
khng nn dng).
leopoldite [8400] : leopoldit.
354
 n: sylvite.
lepersonnite [8401] : lepersonit.
Khong vt: Ca(RE)2U24C8Si4O100.60H2O.
lepidoblastic [8402] : kin trc vy bin tinh.
Thuc kiu kin trc homeoblastic ca
phin do sp xp song song cc khong vt
dng vy nh mica, clorit trong qu trnh ti
kt tinh.
lepidocrocite [8403] : lepidocrocit.
Khong vt mu ruby hoc mu n
nu- nht: FeO(OH), ng hnh vi
akaganeit v goethit, thng kt hp vi
limonit trong qung st.
lepidodendrid [8404] : cy
(Lepidodendraceace).
Mt loi Thch tng (Lycopsida) phn
nhnh dng cy thuc mt h phong ph trong
trm tch Carbon.
lepidolite [8405] : lepidolit.
Tn nhm mica khi tm mt ba giu Li,
gm polylithionit, trilithionit, taeniolit v
zinwaldit, c mu hng hoc mu hoa c trong
pegmatit.
n: lithium mica, lithia mica, lithionite.
lepidomelane [8406] : lepidomelan.
Loi mica mu en c thnh phn st ha tr
3 cao. n: iron mica.
leptite [8407] : leptit.
thch anh feldspar ht mn (<1 mm), to
thnh do bin cht cc ryolit v felsit. Trc
y xp vo tng bin cht granulit nhng
nay c mt cc tng bin cht thp hn.
leptochlorite [8408] : leptoclorit.
1- Tn nhm clorit phn bit bng s
kt tinh.
2- Tn nhm clorit c thnh phn:
(Mg,Fe+2,Al)n(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8,n<6.
Ss: orthoclorite.
leptokurtic [8409] : nhn hp.
1- Phn phi tn sut c tch t gi tr xung
quanh trung bnh ln hn so vi phn
phi chun.
2- ng cong phn phi tn sut hp nhn
hn ng cong phn phi chun.
leptoma [8410] : vng mng.
Mt vng ca exin nm cc xa ca ht
phn v thng c tc dng nh im nn ca
ng phn.
leptomorphic [8411] : kin trc tha hnh.
leptynolite [8412] : leptynolit.
sng b phn phin cha mica, thch
anh, feldspar, c hoc khng c andaluzit,
cordierit.
lermontovite [8413] : lermontovit.
Khong vt: (U,Ca,Ce)3(PO4)4.6H2O (?).
lethal concentration (LC50) [8414] : nng
gy cht (LC50).
Nng ca mt cht c c kh nng gy
cht mt na (50%) nhm sinh vt th trong
mt thi gian tip xc nht nh.
letovicite [8415] : letovicit.
Khong vt: (NH4)3H (SO4)2.
leucaugite [8416] : leucaugit.
Loi augit mu trng hoc xm nht, ging
Vy diopsid: CaMgSi2O6.
leuchtenbergite [8417] : leuchtenbergit.
Khong vt (clinoclorit) nhm clorit, ging
tal v cha t hoc khng cha st.
leucite [8418] : leucit.
Khong vt mu trng hoc xm ca nhm
feldspathoid: KAlSi2O6, l khong vt to
quan trng ca kim v thng c tinh th
hnh thang vi vt v phng.
n: amphigene; grenatite; white garnet;
vesuvian garnet; vesuvian.
leucitolith [8419] : leucitolit.
ni la bao gm ch yu l leucit.
leucitophyre [8420] : leucitophyr.
ni la, kin trc ban tinh, bao gm ch
yu leucit, nephelin v pyroxen xin.
leuco [8421] : sng mu.
Tip u ng c ngha sng mu. Trong
phn loi IUGS, tip u ng s dng cho cc
sng mu hn gii hn quy nh. V d:
leicogabbro.
leucochalcite [8422] : leucochalcit.
n: olivenite.
leucocratic [8423] : sng mu.
S dng cho cc magma sng mu tng
i ngho khong vt mu, thng nh hn 30-
37,5% so vi gii hn qui nh.
n: light-colored.
leucogabbroid [8424] : gabroid sng mu.
Trong phn loi IUGS, gm cc xm
nhp gabroid, trong t l Pl/(Pl+Px+Ol)
trong khong 65-90%.
leucophanite [8425] : leucophanit.
Khong vt mu xanh nht n vng nht:
(Na,Ca)2BeSi2(O,F,OH)7. n: leucophane.
leucophoenicite [8426] : leucophoenicit.
Khong vt mu - ta nht:
Mn7Si3O12(OH)2.
leucophosphite [8427] : leucophosphit.
355
 Khong vt mu trng:
K2Fe4(PO4)4(OH)2.9H2O.
leucophyre [8428] : leicophyr.
Diaba bin i, trong feldspar b thay th
bi sausurit, kaolin v clorit; xm nhp
nng sng mu. (Thut ng khng nn dng).
leucophyride [8429] : magma cu to
porphyr, sng mu.
Thut ng s dng thc a, ch cc
magma sng mu, kin trc porphyr, nn ht
mn. (Thut ng khng nn dng).
leucosome [8430] : leucosom.
Phn sng mu ca migmatit thng giu
thch anh, feldspar.
leucosphenite [8431] : leucosphenit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu trng n
xanh-xm nht: BaNa4Ti2B2Si10O30.
leucotephrite [8432] : leicotephrit, tephrit
sng mu.
Tephrit ch cha leucit trong s
feldspathoid.
leucoxene [8433] : leucoxen.
Thut ng chung cho sn phm bin i
dng ht, nh m ca ilmenit, cha ch yu l
rutil v mt t anatase hoc sphen, tn ti trong
magma. Thut ng cng dng cho cc
loi sphen.
leumafite [8434] : leumafit.
Cc magma cha leucit v khong vt
mu. n: leucitite.
leurodiscontinuity [8435] : bt chnh hp nh.
Thut ng c dng gi mt bt chnh
hp c trng bng b mt mm mi.
Ss: trachydiscontinuity.
levee [8436] : b, bo v.
1- B sng sui t nhin.
2- p dc theo b sng nc chy
ng dng v khng gy lt li. X: dike.
3- Phn t dc b sng.
levee delta [8437] : chu th hp.
Chu th tam gic c dng di chn hp,
ko di (hay chu th c dng tam gic di
hp).
levee lake [8438] : h t nhin.
H c thnh to do c b t nhin gi
nc.
level [8439] : o cao ; v tr, cp, bc, mc
nc.
1- o cao a hnh mt t.
2- cao ca mt nc (nc).
3-(cctr) Thit b o cao .
4-(sk) ng hm ngang trong l.
leveling [8440] : o cao.
o cao tng i ca cc im trn b
mt tri t bng dng c o cao.
leveling rod [8441] : mia, cc mia.
Thc xc nh cao.
leverrierite [8442] : leverierit.
Khong vt st nh kaolinit, hn hp dng
tm bin i ca kaolinit v muscovit hoc hn
hp ca kaolinit v ilit.
levynite [8443] : levynit.
Khong vt zeolit mu trng hoc sng
mu: (Ca,Na2,K2)3Al6Si12O36.18H2O.
Lewisian [8444] : Lewisian.
Gneis tin Cambri ( c nht nc Anh)
phn b cao nguyn Ty Bc Scotland.
lewisite [8445] : lewisit.
Khong vt: (Ca,Fe,Na)2(Sb,Ti)2O7, l loi
romeit titan.
lg wave [8446] : sng mt lg.
Loi sng mt c chu k ngn v c tc
khong 3.5km/s do ng t to ra v lan
truyn ch yu trong tng "granit" ca v
lc a.
lherzite [8447] : lerzit.
Hornblendit gm ch yu hornblend mu
nu, t biotit, ilmenit v granat (Lacroix, 1917,
Lherz, Ty Ban Nha).
lherzolite [8448] : lerzolit; peridotit.
1- Lerzolit trong phn loi IUGS- xm
nhp vi M>=90, ol/(ol+opx+cpx) = 40-90,
opx/(ol+cpx+opx) v cpx/(ol+cpx+opx) >5.
2- Peridotit gm olivin, pyroxen thoi v
pyroxen xin, trong olivin chim phn ln.
Lias [8449] : Lias.
Thng Trung u, Jura h (nm trn Trias,
nm di Dogger) ng vi cc bc Hettang,
Sinemur, Plienbach v Toarci. n: Liassic.
Liassic [8450] : Lias.
n: Lias.
liberite [8451] : liberit.
Khong vt: Li2BeSiO4.
libethenite [8452] : libethenit.
Khong vt h thoi mu xanh oliu n xanh
m: Cu2(PO4)(OH).
lido [8453] : bi chn, bi tm.
1- Thut ng ting Italia ch bi bin
chn.
2- Bi tm st b bin.
lie [8454] : bin i a hnh.
Thut ng ting Anh ch s sp li, ci bin
c im a hnh trn b mt Tri t.
liebenbergite [8455] : liebenbergit.
356
 Khong vt ca nhm olivin:
(Ni,Mg)2SiO4.
liebigite [8456] : liebigit.
Khong vt mu xanh hoc xanh-vng:
Ca2U(CO3)4.10H2O, dng kt hch th sinh.
n: uranothallite.
ligament [8457] : dy chng.
Mt cu trc m lin kt rt dai ng vt,
nht l mt di si bng cht sng c tnh n
hi Thn mm hai mnh ni hai mnh v vi
nhau pha lng v hot ng nh mt l xo
khi cc c khp gin ra.
ligament groove [8458] : rnh dy chng.
Mt rnh hp trn din bn l v Thn
mm hai mnh cc si ca dy chng
bm vo.
ligament pit [8459] : hc dy chng.
Mt ch lm tng i rng trn din bn
l ca v Thn mm hai mnh dy chng
bm vo; mt hc nh c thnh dc h dy
chng-lng ca Hu bin nm gip tm ca
g ngang.
light mineral [8460] : khong vt nh, khong
vt sng mu.
Khong vt to ca trm tch, c t
trng nh hn tiu chun (thng dng 2,85)
nh thch anh, feldspar, dolomit, muscovit,
feldspathoid. Ss: heavy mineral.
lightning stone [8461] : st nh, li
tm st.
n: fulgurite.
lightweight aggregate [8462] : ct liu nh.
ligurite [8463] : ligurit.
Loi sphen mu xanh to.
likasite [8464] : likasit.
Khong vt h thoi mu xanh da tri:
Cu3P2H3(NO3)(OH)2.H2O.
lillianite [8465] : lilianit.
Khong vt mu xm thp: Pb3Bi2S6.
liman [8466] : vng,vnh, ca sng nh.
1- Ting Nga, mn gc Hy Lp "limen"
ch vng hay vnh ca sng nh, nng c
bo v bi di chn ct; ca sng hnh phu
hay vnh nc ngt.
2- Bi bn c lng ng gn ca sng.
liman coast [8467] : b bin vng, vnh
bin, b Liman.
B bin c nhiu vng (hoc vnh) bin v
thung lng chm, c ngn vi bin bi di
ct chn. V d b bin en pha bc.
limb [8468] : cnh.
Cnh ca np un. Phn nm gia cc vm
ca hai np un lin tip.
limburgite [8469] : limburgit.
phun tro sm mu c ban tinh olivin,
pyroxen xin trn nn thy tinh giu kim, c
th c microlit pyroxen xin, olivin, nephelin,
analcim. Khng c feldspar. Thut ng khng
nn dng.
lime [8470] : vi sng.
lime admixtures [8471] : vi.
Trn vi vo t (ch yu ht mn) gp
phn ci thin sc bn, cng, gim ch s
do, kh nng trng n, v.v. Vi lm tng cao
lng cation Ca trong cc lp kp xung quanh
ht st dn ti gim kh nng hp dn nc ca
chng. Ngoi ra, vi cn gy nn phn ng
puzlan vi t, tng sc bn ca t theo thi
gian. Tuy nhin, trn vi vo t st khng
ng t l v quy trnh c th dn ti hu qu
ngc li.
lime content [8472] : hm lng vi.
lime mica [8473] : mica vi.
n: margarite.
lime olivine [8474] : olivin vi.
n: calcio-olivine.
lime stabilization [8475] : n nh, gia c t
bng vi.
X: admixtures.
lime uranite [8476] : uranit vi.
n: autunite.
limestone [8477] : vi.
limestone pavement [8478] : l vi, bc
i vi.
1- Mt lp vi hay b mt vng karst
c phn chia thnh bc i do s ha tan
theo khe nt.
2- B mt lm chm cc rnh ha tan trn
vi.
limewater [8479] : nc vi.
Nc t nhin c hm lng bicacbonat
calci v sulfat calci ha tan cao.
limit [8480] : gii hn, phm vi.
limit equilibrium analysis [8481] : phn tch
trng thi cn bng ti hn.
limnigraph [8482] : my t ghi mc nc.
Thit b ghi mc nc t ng lin tc.
limnogeology [8483] : a cht h.
limnogram [8484] : th mc nc.
th ghi li s thay i mc nc h, thc
hin bng thit b o mc nc.
n: limnograph.
limnograph [8485] : th mc nc.
n: limnogram.
357
limnokrene [8486] : sui h.
n: spring lake.
limnology [8487] : h hc.
Nghin cu khoa hc cc tnh cht v iu
kin vt l, ha hc, kh tng, c bit l sinh
thi, sinh hc ca h, ao, m.
limonite [8488] : qung st nu, limonit.
Thut ng chung cho nhm oxid Fe ngm
nc mu nu, v nh hnh. Nhm limonit
thnh to nhng khong vt ring bit:
(2Fe2O3.3H2O) nhng tnh cht thay i (tnh
cht ha v vt l) v gm mt s hydroxid
(goethit) hoc hn hp ca cc khong vt
(nh hematit, goethit v lepidocrocit) hp th
hoc khng hp th nc. Limonit l khong
vt th sinh hnh thnh do oxy ha (phong ha)
ca khong vt st hoc cha st. Limonit c
mu nu-en hoc nu-vng nht, v l
qung st t gi tr. n: brown iron ore; brown
hematite; brown ocher.
limurite [8489] : limurit.
bin cht trao i thng phn b i
tip xc gia granit v vi, gm acsinit
vi hm lng>50% v mt s khong vt
khc nh diopsid, actinolit, zoizit, albit,
thch anh.
linarite [8490] : linarit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu xanh m:
PbCu(SO4)(OH)2.
lindackerite [8491] : lindackerit.
Khong vt mu xanh sng hoc mu xanh
to: H2Cu(AsO4)4.8-9H2O, cha t nickel
hoc cobal.
lindane (Gamma BHC, Gama HCH,
Lindafor, Gamatox) [8492] : linan.
Thuc tr su organoclorin, c s dng
hn ch Vit Nam vi cc iu kin:
- Ch dng dng lng c hm lng hot
cht khng qu 50%, cm s dng dng
xng hi.
- Ch c dng cho cy n qu trc khi ra
hoa, cy cnh, cy cng nghip.
- Ch c dng cho la, ng trc khi thu
hoch 14 ngy.
- Dng x l ht ging, bo qun g
trong iu kin thong mt, x l t.
- Cm s dng trc tip trn mi trng nc.
- Cm dng trn rau, cy dc liu.
lindgrenite [8493] : lindgrenit.
Khong vt mu xanh: Cu3(MoO4)2(OH)2.
lindoite [8494] : lindoit.
xm nhp su, sng mu, c trng kin
trc bostonic, c thnh phn tng t
solvsbegit nhng giu thch anh, ngho
khong vt mu. (Thut ng khng nn dng).
lindstromite [8495] : lindstromit.
Khong vt mu xm ch n trng thic:
Pb3Cu3Bi7S15.
line [8496] : ng thng, dng, tuyn.
line load [8497] : ti trng theo tuyn,
theo ng.
Ti trng tc ng theo ng thng ln
mt phng ca mng, ti trng tng chu lc
tc dng ln mng.
line of dip [8498] : ng dc.
ng vung gc vi ng phng v nm
trn mt lp.
line of intersection of two planes [8499] :
giao tuyn gia hai mt phng.
line of strike [8500] : ng phng.
ng nm ngang trn mt lp hoc trn
cu to mt.
lineament [8501] : cc cu trc (thnh phn,
du hiu) khu vc dng tuyn.
c im a hnh c dng tuyn thng th
hin cu trc v Tri t. V d ng t gy
v cc dng sng, v.v.
linear [8502] : tuyn, dng tuyn, ng.
nh hng theo mt phng trong khng
gian ba chiu.
linear correlation [8503] : lin h, i snh
tuyn tnh.
linear element [8504] : yu t tuyn tnh.
Vt th pht trin theo mt phng. Yu t
cu to c mt phng pht trin ln hn nhiu
so vi 2 phng cn li.
linear variable differential transformer
(LVDT) [8505] : thit b (b) dng c cm
bin vi phn tuyn tnh (LVDT).
lineation [8506] : tuyn, ng.
Danh t chung khng k ngun gc, dng
cho tt c cc cu trc dng tuyn trong ,
v d nh dng chy, s xp sp cc thnh
phn trm tch, trc ca cc np un, s ko
di ca khong vt, cc trc np un nh, th
nhn song song vi trc np un, cc ng
giao tuyn gia lp v th ch hoc ca cc th
ch, khe nt nh hng khc nhau.
lingulacean [8507] : Lingulacea.
Tay cun khng khp thuc mt lin h c
trng bi cc mnh v bng cht phosphat
thng khng u nhau, vi mnh bng hi ln
hn. Tui: Cambri sm n ngy nay.
lingulid [8508] : Lingulidae.
358
 Tay cun khng khp thuc mt h c
trng bi mt v lng li hnh tha ko di.
Tui: c th t Ordovic n ngy nay.
link [8509] : khc sng khng b phn nhnh,
ng ba sng.
on sng nguyn vn gia hai on phn
nhnh ca mng sng; on thng lu c th
l ngun sng hoc nhnh sng; on h lu c
th l ng ba sng hay ming sng.
links [8510] : sng chy quanh co, un khc;
mt t men dc theo sng un khc.
linnaeite [8511] : linaeit.
1- Khong vt ng thc mu xm thp
nht: (Co, Ni)3S4, mu ng v khong vt
qung cobal. n: linneite, cobalt pyrites.
2- Nhm khong vt sulfua ng hnh cha
nickel, gm linaeit, carolit, siegenit, violarit v
polydymit.
linophyre [8512] : linophyr.
magma c trng kin trc linophyric.
(Thut ng khng nn dng).
Linophyric [8513] : kin trc Linophyric.
Kin trc porphyr vi cc ban tinh sp xp
thnh ng hoc sc di.
linosaite [8514] : linosait.
basalt nghing v kim, c trng s c
mt ca pyroxen, amphibol natri, t
feldspathoid. (Thut ng khng nn dng).
Lintwardinian [8515] : Lintwardin.
Bc chu u. Silur thng (nm trn
Bringewood, nm di Whitecliffy).
lip [8516] : mi.
Ra ming ca v Chn bng; ra ni cao
ming v Trng l; mnh mi trn v di ca
Chn t.
liparite [8517] : liparit.
Thut ng thng c cc nh a cht
Nga, c s dng. Tn t theo o Lipari,
trong bin Th Nh K. Thut ng khng nn
dng. n: rhyolite.
lipotexite [8518] : lipotexit.
Vt liu basic khng nng chy trong
magma ti nng chy.
lipscombite [8519] : lipscombit.
Khong vt: (Fe,Mn)Fe2(PO4)2(OH)2.
liquation [8520] : dung ly.
1- S tch magma lng tn d (cn li) khi
cc tinh th hnh thnh.
2- S phn d magma (s dng Nga). n:
liquid immiscibility.
liquefaction [8521] : ha lng.
Hin tng vt liu (c bit l ct) phn
ng nh mt cht lng di tc ng rt nhanh
(gn nh tc thi) ca mt ngoi lc ln (v d
ng t).
liquid flow [8522] : dng chy lng.
S di chuyn ca cht lng, thng c
nht thp, bao gm dng chy tng hay
chy ri.
liquid immiscibility [8523] : cht lng khng
trn ln (qu trnh phn d magma lng).
Qu trnh phn d magma to nn s phn
chia thnh hai hoc nhiu pha lng trn phng
din vt l c th tch ra khi nhau nh trng
lc hoc cc qu trnh khc.
liquid inclusion [8524] : bao th lng.
Bao th cha cht lng l ch yu, nm bn
trong khong vt.
liquid limit [8525] : gii hn lng.
Gii hn chy, hm lng nc ca mu t
b xo trn c chuyn tip gia trng thi
chy v trng thi do ca t, c xc nh
t th nghim trong phng. X: Atterberg limits;
A-line.
liquid limit apparatus [8526] : thit b
Casagrande.
Thit b mang tn Casagrande xc nh
gii hn ca t.
liquidity index [8527] : ch s lng.
Ch s chy ca t, c xc nh t
m, gii hn do v ch s do ca t.
X: Atterberg limits; A-line.
liroconite [8528] : liroconit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu xanh bin
n xanh l cy: Cu2Al(AsO4)(OH)4.4H2O,
thng cha mt t phospho. n: lentil ore.
liskeardite [8529] : liskeardit.
Khong vt mm do, trng:
(Al,Fe)3(AsO4)(OH)6.5H2O.
listwaenite [8530] : listwaenit.
aic secpentinit trong t hp ophiolit
kiu rp b carbonat ha v silic ha.
litchfieldite [8531] : litchfieldit.
Syenit nephelin bao gm albit, lng nh
feldspar kali, nephelin, biotit, cancrinit v
sodalite. Thut ng khng nn dng.
lite [8532] : lite.
ui t dng cho tn , theo t Hylp
Lithos-.
lith [8533] : lith.
Tip u ng hoc ui t c ngha l .
litharge [8534] : litharge.
Khong vt h bn phng mu hoc
vng: PbO. Ss: massicot. n: lead ocher.
359
lithia mica [8535] : mica lithi.
n: lepidolite.
lithic arenite [8536] : ct kt giu thch anh.
1-Thut ng ch loi ct kt giu thch
anh, phin silic v quarzit, di 10% nn st,
trn 10% feldspar, c trng bi mt lng
ng k cc thnh phn km chu phong ha
trong cc mnh vn ht mn c hm
lng ln hn cc ht feldspar.
2-Tng ng vi thut ng lithic sandstone.
lithic arkose [8537] : arkos.
1-Loi arkos cha nhiu ht vn l cc
mnh , c bit l loi ct kt cha 1050%
cc mnh vn ht mn, 2590% feldspar v
065% thch anh, quarzit v phin silic.
2-Thut ng ch loi ct kt cha di
75% thch anh v quarzit c t l F/R gia 1:1
v 3:1 (F l hm lng ht vn feldspar, mnh
gneis v granit; R l hm lng cc ht vn
l mnh khc).
lithic crystal tuff [8538] : tuf -tinh th; tuf
tinh th-.
Tuf c thnh phn trung gian gia tuf tinh
th v tuf vn nhng vn c thnh phn
tri hn.
lithic sandstone [8539] : ct kt.
Loi ct kt c hm lng ht vn l cc
mnh vt tri so vi feldspar. Thut ng
ny s dng m t loi ct kt c hm lng
nn st vn di 15%.
lithic tuff [8540] : tuf .
Trm tch rn chc gm tro ni la, cc
mnh vn ca cc hnh thnh trc , cc
mnh dung nham ca ni la c hoc dung
nham mi.
lithidionite [8541] : lithidionit.
Khong vt: KNaCuSi4O10.
lithification [8542] : qu trnh thnh ;
thnh .
1- Thay i thnh phn va than t than
thnh phin bitum, hoc khc; Bin i
cc trm tch b ri thnh cng thng qua
cc qu trnh xi mng ha, gn kt, kt tinh,.
xy ra ng thi, sau mt t hoc sau khi tch
t mt thi gian di.
2- S ng cng ca dung nham to
thnh magma.
lithionite [8543] : lithionit.
n: lepidolite.
lithiophilite [8544] : lithiophilit.
Khong vt h thoi mu hng c hi hoc
mu nu inh hng: Li (Mn+2, Fe+2)PO4. ng
hnh vi triphylit.
lithiophorite [8545] : lithiophorit.
Khong vt: (Al,Li)MnO2(OH)2.
lithiophosphate [8546] : lithiophosphat.
Khong vt mu trng hoc khng mu:
Li3PO4, l sn phm bin i nhit dch ca
monterbasic. n: lithiophosphatite.
lithiotantite [8547] : lithiotantit.
Khong vt: Li(Ta,Nb)3O8.
lithium [8548] : lithi (Li).
1-(h) Nguyn t ha hc s 3, nguyn t
lng 6,9412; t trng 0,534 g/cm3, thuc
nhm kim loi kim, kim loi nh, lithophil.
C 2 ng v bn v 5 khng bn. Hm lng
Li trong cc (ppm): v lc a trn l 22;
siu mafic 2; gabro-basalt 10; granit
granodiorit 30; phin 60; trong t 60, trong
nc i dng 0,18 mg/l, nc sng sui
0,003 mg/l. Cc khong vt tiu biu l
spodumen, lepidolit, petalit, amblygonit,
montebrasit, eucryptit. Phng php phn tch:
GF-ASS, ICP-AES, ICP-MS. c s dng
trong ngnh knh, gm s, hp kim c bit,
pin, dc phm, lc khng kh, phn ng ht
nhn, bom H.
2-(kv) n: lepidolite.
lithium mica [8549] : mica lithi.
Lepidolit K2Li3Al4Si7O21(OH,F)3.
lithochronozone [8550] : i thch thi.
L i a thi c xc ng trn c s ca
phn v thch a tng.
Ss: polarity chronozone.
lithocorrelation [8551] : i snh thch hc,
lin h thch hc.
n: lithologic correlation.
lithodeme [8552] : lithodem.
Phn v c s trong phn loi lithodem.
Lithodem l th xm nhp b bin dng
mnh, hoc bin cht su, khng c dng tm,
khng cn kin trc trm tch nguyn thu, c
tnh ng nht v thch hc. Phn v c th o
v c trn b mt v theo di c theo
chiu su. Theo hnh loi v cp bc, lithodem
c th so snh vi h tng (formation). Thut
ng lithodem kt hp a danh v , v d
gabro Duluth.
lithodemic unit [8553] : phn v lithodem.
Th xm nhp b bin dng mnh, v
(hoc) bin cht su, phn bit v khoanh
nh trn c s cc c trng ca . Khc vi
cc phn v thch a tng, cc phn v
lithodem khng tun th lut tch t trm tch.
360
Tip xc ca n vi cc phn v khc c th
l trm tch, phun tro, xm nhp, kin to
hoc bin cht. Phn v lithodem l n v thc
hnh o v a cht vng phn b cc
vng mt phn tng nguyn thy.
lithofacies [8554] : tng .
1- L th a cht bao gm mt hay nhiu
loi thnh to trong mi trng nht nh
ca a cht. B phn nh ca phn v thch
a tng nht nh c th v c trn bn ,
ng ch l s phn chia nh da trn c s
thch hc, bao gm tt c cc c trng
khong vt, thch hc v cc c trng c sinh
thi ca chng phn nh s xut hin, thnh
phn, hoc cu to ca ; tng c c
trng bi c im thch hc ring bit. B
phn tng ng vi tng thch hc c th
c phn chia bi cc mt c ranh gii ty ,
bng b mt vt nhn, hoc bng s thay i
t t.
2- Thut ng c s dng biu th mt
tnh cht ring bit ca trm tch hay du
hiu c bit ca c hnh thnh trong
iu kin mi trng trm tch, m khng ch
n tui hay bi cnh a cht, khng phn
nh phn v a tng nht nh, v c m t
bng tng hp cc c trng ca .
3- Thut ng c dng cho thch lun,
kiu thch hc, "s biu hin" ca tnh cht
thch hc.
lithogenetic unit [8555] : phn v thch lun
ngun gc.
Thut ng c dng cho mt t hp cc
lp mang tnh a phng c th o v dc
(nh h tng, tng, hoc lp) m khng ch
n yu t thi gian, phn v v bn .
X: lithostratigraphic unit.
lithogeochemical methods [8556] : phng
php nham (thch) a ha.
Da trn c s nghin cu quy lut phn b
cc nguyn t ha hc trong thch quyn nhm
mc ch pht hin qung theo vnh phn tn
nguyn sinh trong cc vy quanh qung,
vnh v dng phn tn th sinh trong trm tch
b ri v trm tch dng.
lithohorizon [8557] : tng thch hc,
thch tng.
B mt thay i v mt thch hc hoc c
c trng thch a tng ring bit, c gi tr
u vit trong i snh (khng nht thit i
snh thi gian), thng thng l ranh gii ca
phn v thch a tng, nhng c khi ch l mt
tng thch hc, hay lp nh du rt mng
trong phn v thch a tng. Ss: biohorizon;
chronohorizon. n: lithostratigraphic horizon.
lithoidal [8558] : kin trc lithoidal.
Kin trc ca magma dy c vi tinh
hoc thy tinh ti kt tinh m thnh phn ca
n khng th phn bit bng mt thng.
lithoidite [8559] : lithoidit.
Ryolit n tinh, khng c ban tinh gm cc
khong vt felsit. (Thut ng c).
lithologic correlation [8560] : i snh
thch hc.
Mt dng i snh a tng da trn s
tng ng v c im thch hc v d nh
kch thc ht, mu sc, thnh phn khong
vt, cu to nguyn thy, chiu dy, tnh cht
phong ha v cc thuc tnh vt l khc.
Ss: biocorrelation. n: lithocorrelation.
lithologic unit [8561] : phn v thch hc.
n: lithostratigraphic unit.
lithology [8562] : thch hc.
1- M t cc theo cc mu vt, trn cc
vt l, trn c s cc c im: mu, thnh
phn khong vt, ht.
2- Tnh cht vt l ca .
lithophile [8563] : cc nguyn t a .
1- Cc nguyn t c xu hng tp trung
trong cc khong vt silicat hn trong cc pha
oxid hoc sulfur.
2- Nguyn t c nng lng t do oxy ha
trn mt gram oxy ln hn so vi st.
Cc nguyn t ny ch yu c trong v
silicat ca Tri t, thng l O, Si, Al, Fe,
Mg, Ca, Na, K, Mn, Ti, P, Li, Be, B, F, Sr, Ba.
n: oxyphil.
lithophysa [8564] : l rng trong .
Cu to l rng, dng bt gm cc v phn
i ng tm ca vi tinh feldspar kim, thch
anh v cc khong vt khc. Thng gp trong
ni la acid nh ryolit v obsidian.
lithosite [8565] : lithosit.
Khong vt: K6Al4O25.2H2O.
lithospar [8566] : lithospat.
Tp hp ca spodumen v feldspar trong
t nhin.
lithosphere [8567] : thch quyn, quyn .
Phn cng ca Tri t. Trong kin to
mng l lp tng i cng so vi quyn
mm nm di. Thch quyn gm v Tri t
v mt phn ca manti trn, dy ti 100 km.
lithospheric mantle [8568] : manti thch
quyn.
361
 Phn ngoi ca manti.
lithostatic [8569] : p sut a tnh.
lithostatic state of stress [8570] : trng thi
ng sut thch tnh.
lithostratic unit [8571] : phn v thch a
tng.
n: lithostratigraphic unit.
lithostratigraphic classification [8572] : phn
loi thch a tng.
S sp xp cc lp vo nhng phn v c
bn theo c im thch hc ca chng. Phn
v c bn l h tng.
lithostratigraphic horizon [8573] : tng
thch hc.
n: lithohorizon.
lithostratigraphic unit [8574] : phn v thch
a tng.
L mt tp hp cc lp c cng mt c
im thch hc hoc mt t hp cc loi c
thnh phn thch hc tng t nhau c th d
dng phn bit vi cc tp hp khc trong
mt ct a cht ngoi thc a. Phn v thch
a tng c th ch gm mt trong cc loi
trm tch, ngun ni la, bin cht hoc t hp
ca cc loi d chng cn b ri hoc
kt cng qua qu trnh thnh . H thng cp
bc t ln n nh ca phn v thch a tng
gm lot, h tng, tp, lp (h lp). Ngoi ra
cn phc h l phn v khng chnh thc.
lithostratigraphic zone [8575] : i thch
hc, i thch a tng, thch i.
n: lithozone.
lithostratigraphy [8576] : thch a tng.
L mt b phn ca a tng hc, c nhim
v phn nh cc lp lp ra cc phn v
a tng trn c s c im thch hc. S
phn loi thch a tng trc ht da trn tnh
ng nht ca cc lp hoc s u th ca
mt loi trong mt ct, c th nhn bit trc
tip trong t nhin v d dng th hin trn bn
a cht.
lithotectonic unit [8577] : n v thch
kin to.
Tp hp cc magma, trm tch hoc bin
cht c thnh to do qu trnh kin to c
mi quan h tng h v ngun gc hoc lch
s tin ha.
littoral [8578] : duyn hi, i ven b.
1- i ven b, ti su gn 200 m hoc
i nm gia mc triu cao v mc triu thp,
k c sinh vt ca mi trng .
2- Tnh t thuc v i b.
littoral cone [8579] : nn ni la ven b.
Cc th nn tro ni la hay tuf ni la c
thnh to trn dng dung nham khi chy vo
mi trng nc, thng l bin. Chng c
hnh thnh do s n kh v tung vo kh quyn
mt s lng tro bi, lapili (cui ni la) v
bom ni la.
littoral current [8580] : dng hi lu ven b.
Dng hi lu (do sng bin) song song vi
b bin hay gn b bin.
n: longshore current.
littoral drift [8581] : trm tch ven b.
Vt liu do dng hi lu gn b mang ti
nh cui, sn, si, ct v mnh v s, hn.
littoral explosion [8582] : bng n ven
b bin.
S bng n do tip xc ca dng dung
nham nng chy vi khi nc.
littoral shelf [8583] : thm ven b.
Mt phn y bin b chm, nng, gn b v
ging thm (tng t thm), c hnh thnh
do tc dng ng thi ca sng xi mn v
trm tch ca dng hi lu ven b, thng tri
di t b ra xa.
live axle [8584] : trc ang quay, trc ang
hot ng.
live cave [8585] : hang ng c sinh vt.
Hang ng c m v s pht trin ca
ng vt hang ng nh c m thch hp.
live load [8586] : ti trng ng.
Ti trng khc ti trng bn thn, ti trng
s dng.
liveingite [8587] : liveingit.
Khong vt: Pb9As13S28. n: rathite.
liver ore [8588] : qung ng mu gan
(cuprit).
livesite [8589] : livesit.
Khong vt st trung gian gia kaolinit v
haloysit.
living chamber [8590] : phng cha thn,
phng .
Phng cha thn mm ca Chn u; phn
ngoi cng ca khoang cha thn c th Ru
ng vt Stenolaemata mang cc c quan
chc nng.
living float plain [8591] : ng bng ngp
lt ln.
ng bng bi bi b ngp lt ng vo
nhng lc nc lt ln.
livingstonite [8592] : livingstonit.
Khong vt mu xm-ch: HgSb4S9.
lizardite [8593] : lizardit.
362
 Khong vt serpentin khi tm mt ba,
kt tinh dng tm. Al b thay th bi Mg v Si,
cng thc l thuyt ca serpentin:
Mg3Si2O5(OH)4 to ra s khp ni lp tm mt
ba v bn mt trong antigarit v crysolit.
Llandeilian [8594] : Landeili.
Bc do Murchison (1839) xc lp theo tn
lng Llandeilo Anh, l bc ca thi a tng
quc t, Ordovic trung (nm trn Lanvirni,
nm di Caradoc). C th vit: Landeillian.
Llandoverian [8595] : Landoveri.
Bc do Murchison (1867) xc lp theo tn
lng Llandovery Anh, l bc ca thi a
tng quc t, Silur h (nm trn Ashgil ca
Ordovic, nm di Wenlock).
llanite [8596] : lanit.
Ryolit porphyrit thnh to su va gm
cc ban tinh feldspar kim mu , thch anh
mu xanh da tri trn nn thch anh, microlin,
albite, biotit ht mn.
llano [8597] : ng bng cht; Lano.
1-(m) ng bng nhit i khng c thc
vt, khng c cy ci nam M v ty bc
nc M.
2-(t) Lot Tin Cambri Texas.
llanoria [8598] : i ven ra hay i gip ranh.
Llanvirnian [8599] : Llanvirni.
Bc do Hikson (1897) xc lp theo tn lng
Lenvirn Anh, l bc ca thi a tng quc
t, Ordovic trung (nm trn Arenig, nm di
Llandeili).
L layer [8600] : lp L.
Lp trn mt cn li rt t ca th nhng.
llyn [8601] : ao, h.
Ting Anh, x Wale ch ao, h.
load cell [8602] : u o p lc, lc k.
n: load gauge.
load fold [8603] : np un ti trng.
load haul dump (LHD) draw system [8604] :
h thng khai thc qung bng ng gong.
load increment [8605] : ti trng.
Bc gia ti, bc cht ti dn. Thng gp
trong cc th nghim nn, cht ti trong phng
th nghim hoc hin trng, trong ti trng
c tng dn tng bc ln vt chu ti (mu
t , mng cc, v.v.) n khi ph hy xy ra
hoc n khi t ti trng thit k.
load settlement curve [8606] : ng cong ti
trng ln.
th biu din quan h gia ti trng tc
dng v ln.
load test (loading test) [8607] : th nghim
th ti.
Th nghim tc dng ti trng ln cc
nh gi sc chu ti ca cc.
loaded stream [8608] : ti trng ca sng.
Sng ngi c th vn chuyn cc loi trm
tch. Mt s sng ngi c khi vn chuyn c
t hn tng kh nng vn chuyn ca n.
loader [8609] : thit b gia ti, thit b cht ti.
loading and unloading cycle [8610] : chu k
cht ti, gim ti.
Th nghim gia ti v gim ti thc hin
theo quy trnh th cc nhm xc nh bin
dng do v bin dng n hi ti cc cp ti
trng quan trng.
loading berm [8611] : b phn p, gim p.
Khi t c p thm hn ch p lc
y ni ca nc. n: stabilizing berm.
loading frame [8612] : h gin thp gia ti.
loam [8613] : ct bi, st, ct ln vi vt liu
hu c.
loan [8614] : cho vay, cng tri.
lobe [8615] : b h di, kiu kha rng ca
trn; mt phn ca khc un cong sng; mt
phn ca ng bng bi tch; thy.
(cs) Mt yu t hoc on un ca ng
khu v Chn u to nn gc hoc on
cong hng nh hoc phn li v pha sau
(pha i ming); mt trong ba phn chia theo
chiu dc ca thn, hay theo chiu ngang ca
mi gian B ba thy; mt u ln trn b mt v
ca Ostracoda, thng rt pht trin trn phn
lng ca mai.
local basin level [8616] : mc xm thc a
phng.
local current [8617] : dng chy a phng.
Dng chy trn t lin, t nhin v khng
k ngun gc hnh thnh.
local gravity [8618] : d thng trng lc
a phng.
D thng trng lc quan st c trn mt
din tch hp, lin quan vi cc i tng a
cht n (va qung, khi magma, v.v.), nm
nng (khng qu mt vi trm mt).
local metamorphism [8619] : bin cht
a phng.
Bin cht do cc qu trnh c tnh cc b
nh bin cht tip xc hoc bin cht trao i
gn cc th xm nhp; bin cht nhit dch,
hoc bin cht ph hy dc i t gy.
local relief [8620] : a hnh a phng.
S chnh lch cao gia hai im cao nht
v thp nht ca mt t trong mt khu vc xc
363
nh (a hnh a phng).
local unconformity [8621] : khng chnh hp
a phng.
Khng chnh hp th hin phm vi hp vi
gin on ngn.
location of critical failure circle [8622] : v
tr ca cung trt xung yu (ti hn).
Mi dc thng b ph hy dc theo cc
yu t a cht sn c nh mt phn lp, khe
nt, i dp v. Mi dc t hoc vn thi,
ngc li, thng khng c sn mt b mt
gim yu v khi , thng c mt trt dng
cung trn. Cung trt thng c c trng
bi tm ca n. V tr ca tm cung trt thay
i ty theo gc nghing ca b mt mi dc,
sc bn ca vt liu to nn n v p lc nc
l rng. Mi dc thot nc v khng thot
nc c v tr cung trt rt khc nhau. Song
mt khi c nc trong mi dc, v tr ca cung
trt li khng nhy cm lm i vi s thay
i ca gng nc ngm.
Lochkovian [8623] : Lochkov.
Bc chu u, do Krejci (1877), Chlupac
(1958) xc lp theo tn lng Lochkov Tip
Khc, Devon h gn tng ng vi bc Gedin
v phn thp bc Siegen. Mt ct Devon h
Tip Khc c xem l chun a tng ph tr
ca thi a tng Devon h quc t.
lode [8624] : knh, mng.
Thut ng ting Anh a phng ch
dng nc, knh hay mng (t nhin v
nhn to).
lode ore [8625] : qung dng mch.
lodestone [8626] :
1- Oxid Fe t nhin (Fe3O4) c t tnh hoc
magnetit. Mt mu nh magnetit phn cc nh
mt kim nam chm c kh nng ht vt
bng st. Cch vit khc: loadstone.
n: leading stone, hercules stone.
2- Mt loi hoc qung c t tnh mnh.
lodranite [8627] : lodranit.
Thin thch st- gm bronzit olivin trong
mng nh nickel-st.
loellingite [8628] : loelingit.
Khong vt h thoi: FeAs2. n: leucopyrite.
loess [8629] : t lt hay loes, hong th.
Vt liu trm tch ch yu l bt v t st v
ct, ht rt mn, dng lp ph hay "o chong"
(thng dy gn 30 m), phn b rng ri, b
ri, xp, thng khng phn lp, thnh phn
ng nht v thng cha vi. V d: t lt
trung tm v bc chu u ti min ng Trung
Quc, thung lng Mississipi. t lt thng c
mu vng nht ti nu vng, thnh to do gi
mang ti t cc b mt sa mc, thung lng bi
tch v ng bng ra tri, c tui Pleistocen.
Thnh phn ht khong vt ch yu l oxid
silic (silica) v cc khong vt nng c gn
kt bi xi mng vi.
Loess collapsibility [8630] : tnh ln t ca
hong th.
Mt tnh cht c-l c trng ca hong
th, c kh nng co ngt th tch rt mnh khi
b ngm nc, gy st ln mt t, c th lm
h hi cc cng trnh xy dng trn mt.
loess doll [8631] : t lt dng bp b.
Tp hp cc ht hoc kt vn c thnh phn
l carbonat calci, nm trong t lt; thng
thng ging bp b, c khoai, "u tr con".
n: loess nodule, loess kindchen.
loess flow [8632] : dng t lt.
Dng dung dch l lng, xp c thnh phn
t lt (hay hong th) chy xui theo sn
i.
loess kinchen [8633] : t lt ta u tr.
t lt kt vn, ng cc trng ta u tr
con. tg: Lsskinchen, ting c.
loess nodule [8634] : cc cc, bu u lt.
n: loess doll.
loessal [8635] : t lt hoc cu to t t lt.
loessification [8636] : qu trnh thnh to v
pht trin ca t lt (hay hong th).
loessland [8637] : t lt, hong th.
t m b mt c ph bi t lt (hong
th hay loes).
loessoide [8638] : dng t lt, dng
hong th.
Thut ng gc nam H Lan ch vt liu trm
tch ngun gc t lt nhng ti to, ti
trm tch bi cc dng chy.
loeweite [8639] : loeweit.
Khong vt mu trng n vng nht:
Na12Mg7(SO4)13.15H2O.
Loewinson-lessing classification [8640] :
phn loi Levinxon-Lesing.
Phn loi cc magma theo thnh phn
ha hc, da trn hm lng SiO2, thnh 4 kiu
chnh nh: acid, trung tnh, basic v
siu basic.
log [8641] : bng carota, biu ging khoan.
th biu din cc kt qu kho st a vt
l (carota) hay a cht dc thnh l khoan.
log spiral method [8642] : phng php
tng/gim loga.
364
logarithm distribution [8643] : phn b
logarit.
logging [8644] : carota, cc phng php a
vt l ging khoan.
Tp hp cc phng php a vt l kho
st dc thnh ging khoan xc nh ct a
tng, pht hin cc va du kh, tng cha
nc, cc va qung v than, cng nh xc nh
trng thi k thut ca ging khoan.
logging of core [8645] : m t li khoan, o v
li khoan.
n: core logging.
logging tool [8646] : dn, my ging.
Cc thit b c th xung ging khoan
kho st cc trng a vt l dc thnh ging.
lognormal distribution [8647] : phn b
chun loga.
lokkaite [8648] : lokait.
Khong vt: (Y,Ca)2(CO3)3.2H2O.
lollingite [8649] : lolingit.
n: loellingite.
loma [8650] : i mt bn.
Thut ng c s dng ty nam Hoa K
ch phn t nh cao, di hoc cc i trn,
nh rng.
lomonosovite [8651] : lomonosovit.
Khong vt mu nu-vng m n mu
en hoc tm-hng: Na2Ti2Si2O9Na3PO4.
Ss: murmanite.
lomontite [8652] : lomontit.
n: laumontite.
Londe factor of safety equation [8653] : h
s an ton Londe.
H s Londe trong phng trnh xc nh
, h s n nh, an ton.
London Dumping Convention [8654] : Cng
c London v cht thi.
X: Convention on the prevention of marine
pollution by the dumping of wastes and other
matter.
lonecreekite [8655] : lonecrekit.
Khong vt kt hp gia sabicit v clairit:
(NH4)Fe(SO4)212H2O.
long (surface) wave [8656] : sng mt.
Loi sng a chn m s hnh thnh v
pht trin ca n lin quan vi mt t. Cc
loi sng mt thng gp l sng mt Rayleigh
v sng Love. X: Rayleigh wave; Love wave.
long normal resistivity [8657] : in tr sut
chun zn di.
in tr sut o c dc thnh ging
khoan khi s dng loi zn o in chun c
chiu di ln, chiu di zn bng 64 in
(1.63m).
long term deformation [8658] : bin dng di
hn.
long term strength of shotcrete [8659] : sc
bn di hn ca va b tng phun.
longicone [8660] : v nn di.
V hnh nn thon c trng ca mt s
Chn u c v nn thng. Cng dng ch
mt ha thch ng vt c hnh th nh vy.
longitude [8661] : kinh .
longitudinal [8662] : kinh tuyn, dc.
longitudinal dune [8663] : cn ct ko di.
Cn ct hay n ct hp, ko di, i xng
trong mt ct ngang, nh hng song song vi
hng gi chnh, thng rng v dc sn
hng gi v thng c hnh thnh vng
c nhiu ct c gi thi lin tc v mnh.
longitudinal fault [8664] : t gy dc.
t gy c ng phng song song vi
phng chung ca cu trc hoc ca np un.
longitudinal furrow [8665] : ng r nc
ko di, rnh nc di.
Cc rnh lin k nhau, lin tc, di v song
song vi dng chy ca sng (sui) v c
pht trin nhp nhng trn tt c cc phn ca
lng sui (sng). Cc mng rnh ny cch
nhau rt u v phn cch bi nhng ng g
ko di song song vi dng chy.
longitudinal joint [8666] : khe nt dc.
Khe nt trong magma nh hng song
song vi dng chy, cn gi l khe nt S, khe
nt hol, khe nt bc.
longitudinal profile [8667] : mt ct dc (trc
din dc).
1- Mt ct hay lt ct ca sng hay thung
lng c v dc theo chiu di ca n, bt
u t thng ngun ti ca sng; thng
thng thng, g trn cng ca mt ct thng
ng tun theo s un khc ca sng hay
thung lng. X: long profile.
2- Mt ct tng t mt ct a hnh.
longitudinal resistivity [8668] : in tr
sut dc.
in tr sut o c khi dng in chy
song song vi mt phn lp hoc chy dc
ng phng ca cc cu to a cht.
longitudinal stream [8669] : dng
thun hng.
Sng ngi hay dng chy thun hng, chy
theo ng phng ca lp nm di.
longitudinal valley [8670] : thung lng
365
thun hng.
1- Thung lng ph hp hay thung lng
thun, pht trin dc theo, hoc c cng hng
vi ng phng cu trc chung ca lp
nm di.
2- Thung lng di, pht trin song song vi
phng chung ca dy ni, dy i hay sng
ni. Theo ngha hin ti, thut ng ng, duy
nht s l "ni dy ni hay rng ni, i song
song vi ng phng".
longitudinal wave [8671] : sng dc, sng P.
Loi sng a chn m khi tn ti n cc ht
vt cht ca mi trng dao ng dc theo
phng truyn sng.
longitudinal zonality [8672] : phn i dc.
Biu hin cu to i ca vnh theo ng
phng ca thn qung.
longshore bar [8673] : di chn ct dc b
(ven b).
Di ct thp, ko di c hnh thnh do
hot ng ca sng, mt khong cch no
v thng song song vi b bin; hay b nc
triu cao lm ngp v ngn cch vi ng b
bin bi a ho hay mng trung gian.
longshore current [8674] : dng chy ven b.
longwall mining methods [8675] : phng
php khai thc qung l dc.
lonsdaleite [8676] : lonsdaleit.
Khong vt thin thch dng carbon, h
su phng, ng hnh vi kim cng, graphit
v chaoit.
Lonsdaleoid dissepiment [8677] : m bt
kiu Lonsdaleia.
M bt San h Rugosa nm gia u
ngoi ca vch v thnh ngoi, nh
Lonsdaleia. M bt kiu ny thng ln hn
nhng kiu khc.
Lonsdaleoid septum [8678] : vch kiu
Lonsdaleia.
Vch san h Rugosa n th c trng
bi s gin on pha ra ngoi ca vch, nh
Lonsdaleia.
loop [8679] : quai tay.
Cu trc (xng tay) th lc ca Tay
cun do lp v ph cu thnh, t mc tay vn
ra pha trc nh mt b my khp kn, thng
dng di, c hoc khng c vch t thnh
v ca mnh lng.
loop bar [8680] : doi ct un vng.
n: looped bar.
loop lake [8681] : h bn nguyt.
n: oxbow lake.
looped bar [8682] : doi ct un vng.
Di chn un cong (hng v pha t lin
hoc pha khut gi) ca cc o xa b ang
chu tc ng xm thc ca sng; c thnh
to bng cch ni lin hai u mi t (hay
ct) k nhau thnh khc cong li cu hay
vnh khuyn.
loose [8683] : ri.
Ni v ct ri, t c cht thp.
loosening [8684] : ha ri.
Hin tng bong, li lng, ri rc dn ca
t gn b mt gim p (v d, gng, vch
hm, l) do gii phng ng sut.
lopadolith [8685] : th xm nhp cocolit dng
st.
loparite [8686] : loparit.
Khong vt mu nu n en:
(Ce,Na,Ca)2(Ti,Nb)2O5, c thnh to t
perovskit cha kim v ceri.
lopezite [8687] : lopezit.
Khong vt mu cam: K2Cr2O7.
lophophore [8688] : th lc.
C quan nui sng con vt Tay cun v
Ru ng vt, thng gm mt g tht hnh
trn hay hnh mng nga bao quanh ming v
mang nhng xc tu nh dng la thc n
cng nh chuyn dng nc th.
lopolith [8689] : lopolit.
Th xm nhp ln, phn tng, chnh hp,
dng phng-li hoc thu knh, ht u, trng
phn gia do s vng xung ca cc tng
nm di.
lorandite [8690] : lorandit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu sc s
hoc xm ch m: Tl As S2.
loranskite [8691] : loranskit.
Khong vt mu en:
(Y,Ce,Ca,Zr)TaO4 (?).
lorenzenite [8692] : lorenzenit.
Khong vt mu nu sm n mu en:
Na2Ti2Si2O9. n: ramsayit.
lorettoite [8693] : loretoit.
Khong vt mu vng mt ong: Pb7O6Cl2.
loseyite [8694] : loseyit.
Khong vt mu trng-xanh nht:
(Mn,Zn)7(CO3)2(OH)10.
loss [8695] : hao tn, tn tht.
n: loess.
loss of weight [8696] : gim trng lng,
mt ti.
losses of economic mineral [8697] : tn tht
ti nguyn khong, tn tht khong sn, tn
366
tht tr lng kinh t, tn tht khong sn c
gi tr kinh t.
Mt phn tr lng kinh t (trong cn i)
khng ly (thu) ra c t lng t khi khai
thc m khong hoc b tht thot trong qu
trnh khai thc v ch bin.
lost stream [8698] : dng mt nc.
1- Sng ngi khng c nc vng kh hu
kh nng.
2- Sng b mt nc di dng dng ngm
karst (su).
Lotharingian [8699] : Lotharing.
Bc chu u thuc thng Jura h (nm
trn Sinemur, nm di Pliensbach). Cng
c so snh vi phn trn bc Sinemur.
lotharmeyerite [8700] : lotharmeyerit.
Khong vt: CaZnMn+3(AsO4)(OH).2H2O.
loudonnite [8701] : ludonit.
Khong vt: NaCa5Zr4Si16O40(OH)11.8H2O.
lovdarite [8702] : lovdarit.
Khong vt h thoi:
(Na,K,Ca)4(Be,Al)2Si6O16.4H2O.
Love wave [8703] : sng Love (L).
Mt loi sng mt m cc dao ng ca n
nm ngang trn mt t v hng vung gc
vi phng truyn sng. Sng ny c gi
theo tn ca nh ton hc Anh A.E.H. Love.
lovozerite [8704] : lovozerit.
Khong vt: (Na,Ca)3(Zr,Ti)Si6(O,OH)18.
low [8705] : i, g, thp.
n: law.
low albite [8706] : albit thp nhit.
Albit nhit thp trong t nhin, n nh
di 450oC, gn nh khng c calci hoc kali
trong dung dch cng, cu trc hon chnh.
Ss: high albite.
low and ball [8707] : di chn song song vi
b bin.
Tn gi c tnh cht m t ch di chn
dc b bin (ball) v ngn cch bi a ho ko
di (low), song song vi b bin.
low angle cross bedding [8708] : phn lp
xin gc nh.
Cc lp xin cho to gc nh hn 20o.
low angle fault [8709] : t gy thoi.
t gy vi gc dc mt trt nh hn hoc
bng 45o.
low grade [8710] : qung ngho cht
lng thp.
low marsh [8711] : m ly thp.
B mt (t) phng, tr tri, hng ra bin
c th b nc thy triu ngp trong k
triu ln.
low quartz [8712] : thch anh thp nhit.
Thch anh nhit thp, c bit thch anh
alpha.
low rank metamorphism [8713] : bin cht
bc thp.
Qu trnh bin cht hon thnh trong iu
kin nhit , p sut thp n trung bnh.
low tide delta [8714] : chu th i triu thp.
Chu th (hnh tam gic) c thnh to to
bc do dng chy t b bin ti bi thy triu.
Chu th triu thp thng lin kt vi cc
rnh v da vo cc rnh ln.
low tide platform [8715] : nn i triu thp.
n: solution platform.
low tide terrance [8716] : a hnh i
triu thp.
i b bin gn nh nm ngang v gn
ng nc triu thp.
low velocity correction [8717] : hiu chnh
lp tc nh.
Php hiu chnh dng trong a chn thm
d loi tr nh hng ko di thi gian
truyn sng a chn, khi n i qua lp tc
nh.
low velocity layer [8718] : lp tc nh.
Lp a chn nm st mt t, thng trng
vi lp phong ha b ri c chiu dy vi chc
mt. Lp ny c tc truyn sng a chn
nh hn 1000-1200m/s v hp th sng mnh.
low velocity zone [8719] : i tc thp.
i nm trong manti thng, chiu su t
60-250km, c tc truyn sng a chn nh
hn tc truyn sng ca phn trn cng ca
manti khong 6%.
low water [8720] : mc nc rng, nc kit.
1- Mc nc bin thp nht khi triu xung.
2- Mc nc mc thp nht ca sng, h
trong ma kh.
loweite [8721] : loweit.
n: loeweite.
lower Carboniferous [8722] : Carbon h.
Tng ng vi Mississipi.
lower crustal layer [8723] : lp v di.
Lp Conrad.
lower hemisphere projection [8724] : php
chiu lp th bn cu di.
X: hemispherical stereographic projection.
lower plate [8725] : cnh di.
Cnh nm di ca t gy. Cnh nm.
Lower Silurian [8726] : Silur h.
Cch gi trc y ca Ordovic.
367
Lower Volgian [8727] : Volga h.
Bc chu u. Jura thng (nm trn
Kimmeridgi, nm di Volga thng).
lowland [8728] : min t thp; di t thp,
hp dc b sng.
lowstand [8729] : mc thp.
Khong thi gian trong mt hay nhiu chu
k thay i mc nc bin khi mc nc thp
hn g thm.
loxoclase [8730] : orthoclas natri.
Loi orthoclass cha natri: (K,Na)AlSi3O8,
mu xanh, cha bao th nh loi diopsid. Lot
loxoclas c thnh phn t Or1Ab1 ti Or1Ab4
vi K2O t 4-7%.
L-tectonite [8731] : L-tectonit.
in hnh bi s c mt ca cu to ng,
tuyn nh s ko di ca cc ht cui trong
cui kt.
lubricated platens [8732] : tht, nn bi trn.
a, bn nn c bi trn, gim hiu
ng ma st hai u mu th nghim.
Lucinoid [8733] : kiu rng Lucina.
Ni v kiu b rng thuc loi rng khc
Thn mm hai mnh c hai rng chnh mi
mnh, rng trc mnh tri nm chnh
gia, pha sau nh.
luddenite [8734] : ludenit.
Khong vt: Cu2Pb2Si5O14.14H2O.
Ludian [8735] : Lud.
Bc chu u. Phn cao nht ca Eocen
(nm trn Baton, nm di Tongri ca
Oligocen).
ludlamite [8736] : ludlamit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu xanh:
(Fe,Mg,Mn)3(PO4)2.4H2O.
ludlockite [8737] : ludlockit.
Khong vt h ba phng: (Fe,Pb)As2O6.
Ludlovian [8738] : Ludlovi.
Bc do Murchison (1883) xc lp theo tn
a phng Ludlov Anh, l bc ca thi a
tng quc t, Silur thng (nm trn Wenlock,
nm di Gedin ca Devon).
ludwigite [8739] : ludwigit.
Khong vt h thoi mu xanh-en nht:
(Mg,Fe+2)2Fe+3BO5, ng hnh vi vonsenit.
n: magnesioludwigite.
lueneburgite [8740] : lueneburgit.
Khong vt khng mu:
Mg3B2(PO4)2(OH)6.5H2O.
lueshite [8741] : lueshit.
Khong vt h thoi: NaNbO3, c cu trc
kiu perovskit v ng hnh vi natroniobit.
n: igdloite.
luetheite [8742] : luetheit.
Khong vt cha nhm tng t vi
chenevixit: Cu2 Al2(AsO4)2(OH)4.H2O.
Lugeon tests [8743] : th nghim Lugeon.
Th nghim bm ht, p nc l khoan,
xc nh cc c im thm thu, kh nng,
cha nc ca t . X: pumping tests.
Luisian [8744] : Luis.
Bc Bc M. Miocen (nm trn Relizi,
nm di Mohn).
lujavrite [8745] : lujavrit.
Syenit-nephelin cha eudialit; kin trc
trachit gm cc tinh th feldspar song song v
gia chng l cc ht nephelin, cc tinh th
hnh kim acmit.
lump ore [8746] : qung cc.
lunabase [8747] : lunabas.
ca b Mt trng, sm mu, thnh
phn mafic.
lunar crater [8748] : ming ni la trn
Mt trng.
X: crater.
lunarite [8749] : lunarit.
Cc phn b trn b mt cao nguyn ca
mt trng, khi phn x cho tn mu sng.
lunate bar [8750] : di chn cong li lim.
Di chn c dng Mt trng li lim
thng thy gia cc o chn, li vo cng
hay ca sng.
lundyite [8751] : lundyit.
Granit hoc syenit thch anh c trng bi
kin trc orthophyr c hm lng tng cao ca
khong vt kim v kataphorit amphibol (Thut
ng khng nn dng).
lunette [8752] : i, ni cong li lim (hnh
trng khuyt).
t hay i hoc ni c dng cong li
lim hay vng trng khuyt, t khi cao ti 6-9
m. c thnh phn l st pha hay bt, tip gip
vi b chn gi.
lunokite [8753] : lunokit.
Khong vt:
(Mn,Ca)(Mg,Fe,Mn)Al(PO4)2(OH).4H2O
cha Mn tng t segelerit v overit.
lunula [8754] : vt li lim.
Nhng vt hnh li lim trn i tng
trng xon mt s Chn bng, do lng gia
tng v to nn.
lunule [8755] : mt bn nguyt.
Mt din nh phng hoc hi cong, thng
hnh bn nguyt, nm trc nh, pha ngoi
368
ca mnh v nhiu loi thn mm hai mnh,
phn bit vi phn cn li ca mnh v bi mt
gc ca mnh; mt l thng v Cu gai i t
mt i ming qua mt ming mt ng
nhn tia chnh hoc xen tia.
luscladite [8756] : luscladit.
Theralit olivin hoc esexit c kin trc
hyperit v c trng s c mt ca biotit,
olivin, vng mt hornblend. Feldspar kali to
rim phn ng quanh plagioclas. Nephelin
khng nhiu v lp y k h (Thut ng
khng nn dng).
Lusitanian [8757] : Lusitan.
Bc ca Jurta thng chu u, tng ng
vi mt b phn ca Oxford v Kimmeridg ca
thi a tng, cng c tc gi xem l mt bc
ring bit gia hai bc trn.
lusitanite [8758] : lusitanit.
1- xm nhp, theo phn loi IUGS c
Q<5 hoc F<10, P/(A+P) < 10 v M = 45-75;
2- Sienit albit sm mu, cha ribeckit,
acmit, feldspar kim v t thch anh.
lusungite [8759] : lusungit.
Khong vt khi tm mt thoi:
(Sr,Pb)Fe3(PO4)2(OH)5.H2O.
lutalite [8760] : lutalit.
Nephelinit leucit c thy tinh hoc leucitit
olivin c hn 50% khong vt mu v c t l
Na/K cao hn hu ht cc loi leucitit olivin.
Lutetian [8761] : Lutet.
Bc do Lapparent (1883) xc lp theo a
danh Lulet ngoi Paris, l bc ca thi a
tng quc t, Eocen (nm trn Ypres, nm
di Priabon).
lutetium [8762] : luteti (Lu).
Nguyn t ha hc s 71, nguyn t lng
174,9671; t trng 9,841 g/cm3, thuc nhm
kim loi nng, t him, lithophil. C 1 ng
v bn v 48 khng bn. Hm lng Lu trong
cc (ppm): v lc a trn l 0,27; siu
mafic 0,04; gabro-basalt 0.5; granit granodiorit
0,7; phin 0,6; trong t 0,5. Phng php
phn tch: ICP-MS. c s dng trong ngnh
siu dn, xc tc.
lutetium hafnium age method [8763] :
phng php nh tui lutexi-hafni.
Phng php nh tui da trn s phn r
phng x ca lutexi-176 (c na chu k phn
r khong 2,2 x 1010 nm) thnh hafni-176. C
th s dng phng php trong mt s iu
kin thun li nh tui khong vt cha
t him.
luxullianite [8764] : luxulianit.
Granit c trng bi cc ban tinh feldspar
natri v thch anh vi cc b tinh th turmalin
hnh kim trn nn gm thch anh, turmalin,
feldspar kim, mica nu v casiterit.
LW [8765] : mc nc rng, nc kit.
Vit tt ca low water . X: low water.
lydian stone [8766] : lydian, th.
Mt dng ca jasper, cu to khi, cc mn,
mu nhung hoc xm en. n: lydite.
lydite [8767] : lydian, th.
X: lydian stone.
lynchet [8768] : b tch t hn hp.
B t tch t di chn i ca cnh ng
c b x rnh nh l th nhng xo trn
chuyn dch theo sn di tc dng ca trng
lc.
lysimeter [8769] : lysimet.
Bnh hoc thng cha nc c t trong
t o lng nc thm xung t thng
qua lp th nhng v lng bc thot hi.
lysocline [8770] : lysoclin.
Mc, su bin hay i dng m ti ,
t l ha tan ca carbonat calci vt qu t l
ha hp ca trm tch v kt ta.
369
 M [8771] : k hiu M.
Trong phn loi IUGS l k hiu cho cc
khong vt mafic v cc khong vt lin quan
(mica, amphibol, pyroxen, olivin, khong vt
khng thu quang, epidot, granat, carbonat).
Ma [8772] : hng triu nm v trc.
Cch y hng triu nm v trc, vit tt
ca ch Millions of years before the present.
maar [8773] : ni la dng khin.
Ming ni la rng, a hnh thp, to thnh
bi cc phun n phc tp, bao quanh bi cc
vng, chui ming ni la khc, c th
cha nc.
Maastrichtian [8774] : Maastrichti.
n: Maestrichtian.
macadam [8775] : macadam.
c s dng lm ng.
macallisterite [8776] : macalisterit.
Khong vt: Mg2B12O20.15H2O.
macaluba [8777] : ni la bn.
Ni la bn, ly theo tn a phng
Malacuba, o Silicy, Italia.
macdonaldite [8778] : macdonaldit.
Khong vt: BaCa4Si15O35.11H2O.
macedonite [8779] : macedonit.
1- ht mn ging nh trachyt hoc
trachytandesit gm orthoclas, plagioclas axid,
biotit, olivin, him hn l 2 pyroxen. Thut ng
khng nn dng.
2- Khong vt: PbTiO3.
macfallite [8780] : macfalit.
Khong vt nhm epidot :
Ca2(Mn+3,Al)3(OH)3[SiO4][Si2O7].
macgovernite [8781] : macgovernit.
Khong vt: (Mn,Mg,Zn)15As2 Si2O17(OH)14.
machatschkiite [8782] : machatschkit.
Khong vt: Ca3(AsO4)2.9H2O.
mackayite [8783] : mackayit.
Khong vt mu xanh: FeTe2O5(OH) (?).
mackelveyite [8784] : mackelveyit.
Khong vt mu xanh-en hoc en:
Na2Ba4Ca(Y,U)2(CO3)9.5H2O.
mackinawite [8785] : mackinawit.
Khong vt h bn phng: (Fe,Ni)14S, sn
phm phong ha ca mch cha st.
n: kansite.
mackinstryite [8786] : mackinstryit.
Khong vt: (Ag,Cu)2 S.
maconite [8787] : maconit.
n: vermiculite.
macphersonite [8788] : macphersonit.
Khong vt: Pb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)2, ng hnh
vi susanit v leadhilit.
macquartite [8789] : macquartit.
Khong vt: Pb3Cu(CrO4)SiO3(OH)4.2H2O.
macro [8790] : macro.
Tip u ng c ngha ln, v i.
macroclimate [8791] : i kh hu.
i kh hu ton vng hay mt nc.
macroconch [8792] : v ln.
V trng thnh ca Chn u c phng, v
mi mt ging cc v nh hn trong cng qun
th ha thch, ngoi tr kch thuc v cc bin
i c bit ming. Hin nay, cc v ln ni
chung c coi l thuc cc con ci, trong khi
trc y c xp vo cc loi khc nhau,
c khi xp vo c cc ging khc nhau.
macrocrystalline [8793] : kt tinh ht ln.
Kin trc ca gm cc tinh th ln ti
mc c th phn bit bng mt thng hoc knh
lp. Cng c th dng ch c kin trc ht
ln. Thut ng ny ch kin trc ca mt loi
trm tch ti kt tinh c tinh th ln hn
0,75mm v dng cho kin trc ca trm tch
carbonat c tinh th ln hn 1,0mm.
n: megacrystalline; eucrystalline; macro-
370
meritic; phaneritic.
macrodome [8794] : tinh th bn mt lng
tr thoi.
L mt dng tinh th c hai hoc bn mt
song song vi trc di trong h trc thoi.
Macrodome l lng tr thoi bn mt thuc h
trc thoi.
macrofauna [8795] : h ng vt ln.
1- H ng vt ha thch hoc ang sng
ln nhn thy c bng mt thng.
2- Mt thut ng c ch nhng ng vt gi
nhng c tnh ng nht mt din rng, mt
nhm ng vt ln hoc ph bin rng ri.
n: megafauna.
macroflora [8796] : i thc vt, thc vt ln.
n: megaflora.
macrofossil [8797] : ha thch ln.
Mt ha thch c ln nghin cu c
m khng cn nh vo knh hin vi.
n: megafossil.
macrolithology [8798] : thch lun v m.
nghin cu c coi l mt phn ca ct
a tng trong khu vc nht nh; thng l tnh
cht chung ca mi loi . Ss: microlithology.
macromeritic [8799] :
n: macrocrystalline; phaneritic.
macronutrient elements [8800] : a cht dinh
dng, nguyn t dinh dng a lng.
Nguyn t ha hc cn cho s sng ca con
ngi v sinh vt vi lng ln nh Ca, Na, K,
Mg, S, C, P, v.v.
macropore [8801] : l hng ln.
L hng to khng cha nc mao dn c.
macroporphyritic [8802] : macroporphyrit.
n: megaphyric.
macrorelief [8803] : i a hnh.
i a hnh, thut ng chung ch c tnh
nhp nh ca b mt khi cn thit phi phn bit
vi "micirelief" (vi a hnh).
macroscopic analysis [8804]: phn tch v m.
macroseism [8805] : sng ng t.
Sng a chn do ng t to ra.
macrospore [8806] : i bo t, bo t ci.
n: megaspore.
macula [8807] : ti magma cc b.
Mt ti magma hnh thnh do s nu chy
phin v hot ng nh mt kiu bung magma.
maculose [8808] : phin sn m.
bin cht tip xc c cu to phin v
sn, m.
made ground [8809] : t p, t san lp.
made land [8810] : t nhn to.
t nhn to, do ngi p nn, thng dc
theo ng b.
made up ground [8811] : nn t p, nn
t mn.
Nn t c lp bng cc vt liu o ra
hoc cc cht thi. Kh nng chu ti ca loi
t ny thng rt thp.
madeirite [8812] : madeirit.
Gabro c cu trc porphyr, gm ch yu cc
ban tinh ln augit, olivin trn mt t nn ht mn
gm vi kim plagioclas, calcit th sinh v
magnetit. Thut ng khng nn dng.
madocite [8813] : madocit.
Khong vt: Pb17(Sb,As)16O41.
madupite [8814] : madupit.
phun tro thuc nhm lamproit gm cc
ban tinh phlogopit, pyroxen xin v perovkit
trn nn thy tinh mu nu gm leucit v
nephelin. Thut ng khng nn dng.
maelstrom [8815] : dng cun xoy, dng
cung lu i dng.
Dng chy nhanh, cun xoy c tnh ph
hy, c hnh thnh do s kt hp sng ln v
dng thy triu mnh. V d: dng chy pha
nam Na uy.
maenaite [8816] : maeneit, trachyt bin i.
Bostonit cha plagioclas, xm nhp su va,
giu calci hn v ngho kali hn bostonit bnh
thng.
Maestrichtian [8817] : Maestrichti.
Bc do Dumont (1849) xc lp theo a danh
Maastricht H Lan, l bc ca thi a tng
quc t, Creta thng (nm trn Campan, nm
di Dan ca Tam). Thng vit: Maas-
trichtian.
mafelsic [8818] : mafelsic.
magma trong cc khong vt mu v
felsic gn bng nhau.
mafic [8819] : mafic.
1- magma gm ch yu cc khong vt
sm mu cha st, magnesi.
2- Cc khong vt sm mu cha st,
magnesi.
mafic index [8820] : ch s mafic (vit tt
MI).
Thng s ha hc ca magma xc nh
bng (FeO+Fe2O3).100/(MgO+FeO+Fe2O3).
mafite [8821] : mafit.
1- Khong vt nhm mafic.
2- alphanit mu ti.
mafraite [8822] : mafrait.
Theralit xm nhp su va cha labradorit
371
vi rim feldspar kim, pyroxen, magnetit,
hornblend tha hnh, v khng c nephelin
modal, mc d nephelin xut hin trong khong
vt tiu chun. Thut ng khng nn dng.
mafurite [8823] : mafurit.
Mt dng ca leucitit olivin trong kalsilit
c mt thay cho leucit. Thut ng khng
nn dng.
magadite [8824] : magadit.
Khong vt: NaSi7O13(OH)3.4H2O, tm thy
trong trm tch h Magadi, Kenya.
magazine mining [8825] : khai thc bng
l ch.
magbasite [8826] : magbasit.
Khong vt: KBa(Al,Sc)(Mg,Fe+2)6 Si6O22 F2.
maghagendorfite [8827] : maghagendorfit.
Khong vt: NaMn(Mg,Fe+2,Fe+3)3(PO4)3.
maghemite [8828] : maghemit.
Khong vt t tnh mnh ca lot magnetit
trong nhm spinel: Fe2O3, ng hnh vi
hematit.
n: oxymagnite.
magma [8829] : magma.
Vt cht to linh ng, hnh thnh trong
Tri t, c kh nng xm nhp hoc phun tro,
to thnh cc magma thng qua s c kt v
cc qu trnh lin quan. N c th cha hoc
khng cha pha cng l lng (tinh th hoc
mnh ) hoc pha kh.
magma basalt [8830] : basalt.
ging nh limbugit. Basalt kin trc
porphyr, cha thy tinh.
magma blister [8831] : ti magma.
Ti magma c a ln phn trn ca
thch quyn.
magma chamber [8832] : bung magma.
Bung magma phn b phn nng ca
thch quyn (t vi n 10 km). T , vt liu
ni la c phn tch ra. Magma c dch
chuyn ln phn trn ca v Tri t t mt
ngun no .
magma column [8833] : ct magma.
n: lava column.
magma province [8834] : tnh magma.
n: petrographic province.
magma reservoir [8835] : b magma.
n: magma chamber.
magmagranite [8836] : granit kt tinh t
magma.
magmatic [8837]:magma, to thnh t magma.
magmatic arc [8838] : cung magma.
n: volcanic arc.
magmatic assimilation [8839] : ng ha
magma.
n: assimilation.
magmatic complex [8840] : phc h magma.
Tp hp cc magma khc nhau, nhng c
cng mt ngun gc, gn gi v tui v iu
kin thnh to.
magmatic corrosion [8841]:gm mn magma.
n: corrosion.
magmatic deposit [8842 : m ngun gc
magma.
n: magmatic ore deposit.
magmatic differentiation [8843] :
n: differentiation.
magmatic dissolution [8844]: ha tan magma.
S ha tan cc vy quanh vo magma.
magmatic emanation [8845]: bc hi magma.
Tp hp kh v dung dch tch t magma nh
nc, dung dch pegmatit, nhit dch.
magmatic evolution [8846] : tin ha magma.
S thay i lin tc trong thnh phn ca
magma, l kt qu ca s phn d magma, ng
ho, hn nhim.
magmatic ore deposit [8847] : m ngun gc
magma.
M qung c hnh thnh bi s phn t
(segregation) ca magma, nhn chung m nm
trong mafic v cc th xm nhp dng lp, v
d nh cc tinh th oxid kim loi, hoc t s d
nhp ca dung dch sulfur. n: magmatic
segregation deposit; magmatic deposit.
magmatic pyrite [8848] : pyrotit.
magmatic segregation [8849]:phn t magma.
S tp trung ca mt hay nhiu loi khong
vt trong nhng phn nht nh ca magma din
ra trong qu trnh ngui lnh v phn d kt tinh
ca m qung c thnh to theo phng
thc (v d m qung ngun gc magma).
n: differentiation.
magmatic segregation deposit [8850] : m
qung ngun gc magma.
n: magmatic ore deposit.
magmatic solution [8851]: dung dch magma.
n: magmatic dissolution.
magmatic stoping [8852] : tho d magma.
Qu trnh tho d v ct khot cc vy
quanh bng s xm nhp hoc thay th magma,
lm chng chm xung l magma hoc b
xm nhim.
magmatic water [8853] : nc magma, nc
nguyn sinh.
Nc cha trong magma hoc phn tch ra t
372
magma. n: juvenile water.
magmation [8854] : magma ha.
Qu trnh bin i cc thnh magma.
magmatism [8855] : hot ng magma, thuyt
magma.
1- S pht trin, vn ng v ng cng
magma to thnh magma.
2- Thuyt cho rng cc granit ch to
thnh t kt tinh magma.
magmatist [8856] : ngi theo thuyt magma.
magmatite [8857]:cc to thnh t magma.
magmosphere [8858] : ha quyn.
n: pyrosphere.
magnesia alum [8859] : phn magnesi.
Pickeringit l khong vt:
MgAl2(SO4)4.22H2O.
magnesia mica [8860] : mica magnesi.
n: phlogopite, biotite.
magnesian calcite [8861] : calcit magnesi.
Dng khc ca calcit: (Ca,Mg)CO3. Trong
dung dch cng, ion Mg thay th ion Ca trong
kin trc calcit. T hnh thnh hai loi calcit
khc nhau ty theo mc thay th ca Mg v
Ca: l loi magnesi calcit c hm lng
magnesi thp (<4% MgCO3), hnh dng ca n
ni chung ging calcit. Loi magnesi calcit c
hm lng magnesi cao (4-10% MgCO3) tin
dn n dolomit. n: magnesium calcite.
magnesian dolomite [8862]: dolomit magnesi.
dolomit c nhiu magnesi.
magnesian limestone [8863] : vi magnesi.
vi c cha magnesi, c bit vi c
ti 90% calcit v t hn 10% dolomit, MgO 1,1-
2,1% v carbonat magnesi khong 2,3-4,4%,
hoc vi c t s Ca/Mg bng 60-105, hoc
vi c cha 5-15% carbonat magnesi nhng
khng thy c dolomit. n: dolomitic dolostone.
magnesian marble [8864] : hoa magnesi.
Mt kiu vi magnesi b bin cht c
khong <15% l dolomit.
magnesian spar [8865] : spat magnesi.
n: dolomite.
magnesioarfvedsonite [8866] : arfvedsonit
magnesi.
Khong vt nhm amphibol :
(Na,Ca)3(Mg,Fe,Al)5(Si,Al)8O22(OH, F)2.
magnesioaxinite [8867] : axinit magnesi.
Khong vt h n nghing:
Ca2MgAl2B Si4O15(OH).
magnesiochromite [8868] : cromit magnesi.
1- Khong vt nhm spinel :
(Mg,Fe)(Cr,Al)2O4, ng hnh vi cromit.
n: magnochromite.
2- Picrocromit.
magnesiocopiapite [8869] : copiapit magnesi.
Khong vt nhm copiapit :
MgFe4(SO4)6(OH)2.20H2O, l loi copiapit
giu magnesi.
magnesioferrite [8870] : st magnesi.
Khong vt nhm spinel: (Mg,Fe)Fe2O4, l
loi c t tnh mnh v thng mu en.
magnesioludwigite [8871] : ludwigit magnesi.
n: ludwigite.
magnesioriebeckite [8872]:riebeckit magnesi.
Khong vt nhm amphibol:
Na2 (Mg, Fe+2, Fe+3) Si8O22 (OH)2.
magnesite [8873] : magnesit.
Khong vt mu trng n xm nht, vng
hoc nu: MgCO3, ng hnh vi siderit.
Magnesit c dng khi hoc mch, thnh to do
s bin i ca dolomit hoc ca giu silicat
magnesi. Magnesit dng lm vt liu chu la v
ly oxid magnesi. n: giobertite.
magnesium [8874] : magnesi (Mg).
Nguyn t ha hc s 12, nguyn t lng
24,3050; t trng 1,738 g/cm3, thuc nhm kim
loi nh, kim, lithophil. C 3 ng v bn v 12
khng bn. Hm lng Mg trong cc (ppm):
v lc a trn l 13.510; siu mafic 208.000;
gabro-basalt 46.000; granit granodiorit 5.000;
phin 16.000; trong t 9.000; trong nc i
dng 1290 mg/l; trong nc sng sui 4,1
mg/l. Cc khong vt tiu biu l cc oxid v
hydroxid (nh peridase MgO, spinel MgAl2O4,
brucite Mg(OH)2); cc silicat (nh forsterit
Mg2SiO4, pyrope Mg2Al2(SiO4)3, enstatit
Mg3Si2O6, tremolit Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2,
phlogopit KMg3Si3Al10 (OH)2); carbonat [nh
magnesit MgCO3, dolomit (Ca,Mg)CO3]; cc
sulfat (nh kieserit MgSO4.H2O); cc phosphat
v acsenat. Phng php phn tch: XRF, ICP-
AES. c s dng trong ngnh luyn kim,
phn bn, gch chu la, xi mng c bit.
magnesium astrophyllite [8875] : astrophylit
magnesi.
Khong vt nhm astrophylit :
(K,Na)4(Fe,Mg,Mn)7Ti2Si8O24(O,OH,F)7.
magnesium calcite [8876] : calcit magnesi.
n: magnesian calcite.
magnesium chlorophoenicite [8877] : cloro-
phoenicit magnesi.
Khong vt h n nghing:
(Mg,Mn)5(AsS4)(OH)7, ng cu trc vi
clorophoenicit.
373
 magnesium front [8878] : front magnesi.
n: basic front.
magnesium zippeite [8879] : zipeit magnesi.
Khong vt h thoi:
Mg2(UO2)6(SO4)3 (OH)10.16H2O.
magnetic basement [8880] : mng t.
B mt a cht gm cc c t tnh cao,
tn ti trn mt din tch ln (hng vn km2) b
ph bi cc lp c t tnh yu.
magnetic chron [8881] : thi t, thi a t.
Thi k cc t thun chim u th hoc cc
ochim u th. T Pliocen n nay chia
c 4 thi t : l thi Gilbert (o chim u
th), GAUSS (thun chim u th), Matuyama
(o chim u th) v Brunhes (thun).
magnetic declination [8882] : gc lch t, gc
t thin.
Gc gia phng bc a l v phng bc
a t to nn mt im no .
magnetic elements [8883] : cc yu t a t.
Cc hnh chiu ca vect cng ton phn
T ca trng a t ln trc ta Decac c gc
t ti im quan st, trc Y hng v pha
ng, trc X hng v pha bc v trc Z hng
xung di. Hnh chiu ca vect T ln trc Z
c gi l thnh phn thng ng-thnh phn
Z; Hnh chiu ca T ln mt phng nm ngang
XOY c gi l thnh phn nm ngang-thnh
phn H ca trng a t. Gc D gia hng bc
v thnh phn nm ngang H c gi l gc
lch t (gc t thin), cn gc I gia vect T v
v thnh phn nm ngang H c gi l gc
nghing t (gc t khuynh).
magnetic interval [8884] : khong (thi
gian) t.
Khong thi gian cc ca trng t Tri t
khng thay i.
magnetic iron ore [8885] : qung st t,
magnetit.
magnetic lineation [8886] : ng t.
ng trn y bin m dc theo chng,
cng t trng ln hn hoc nh hn so vi
t trng khu vc. S xen k cc ng t
thun v o xc nh bng cc con tu hoc
bng vin thm l c s xc nh lch s tch
gin y bin ton th gii.
magnetic stratigraphy [8887] : a tng c t.
n: paleomagnetic stratigraphy.
magnetic survey [8888] : kho st hoc o v
t trng.
Qu trnh o cc gi tr ca trung a t
(cc yu t a t) cc im khc nhau trn
mt t, mt bin, trong khng gian, trong lng
t (hm l, ging khoan) thnh lp cc bn
trng a t hay bn d thng t phc
v cc mc ch vt l a cu, cng nh cc
nhim v a cht v nghin cu mi trng
khc nhau.
magnetic surveying instrument [8889] : thit
b o t.
Cc my mc c s dng o gi tr ca
cc yu t a t cc im kho st khc nhau.
Chng gm nhiu chng loi nh: my o
cng t trng ton phn, my o thnh
phn thng ng, thnh phn nm ngang, gc
nghing t, gc lch t, my o bin thin t,
my o t trn t lin, trn bin, my o t
hng khng, my o trong hm l, trong l
khoan, v.v.
magnetic variation [8890] : bin thin t.
S thay i theo thi gian ca trng a t
do cc nguyn nhn bn trong cng nh bn
ngoi Tri t gy ra.
magnetite [8891] : magnetit.
1- Khong vt mu en, ng thc, t tnh
mnh, m c, thuc nhm spinel: (Fe, Mg)
Fe2O3, thng cha oxid titan v l khong vt
qung st quan trng. Magnetit thng dng
khi tm mt hoc dng ht, khi. Magnetit
cng l khong vt ph rt ph bin, phn b
rng ri trong tt c cc loi magma.
Magnetit cng c trong phin v gneis, l
khong vt nng trong sa khong. n: magnetic
iron ore; octahedral iron ore.
2- Thut ng ny cng c s dng cho lot
khong vt ng hnh ca nhm spinel:
magnetite; magnesioferite; franklinite; jacob-
site; trevorite v maghemite.
magnetitite [8892] : magnetitit.
magma gm ch yu l magnetit, c th
c apatit.
magnetometer [8893] : t k.
Thit b o trng a t c s dng trong
vt l a cu, phc v thnh lp cc bn a
t v trong a vt l kho st cc d
thng t.
magnetoplumbite [8894] : magnetoplumbit.
Khong vt h su phng mu en:
Pb(Fe+3,Mn+3)12O19, cng loi vi yimengit.
Ss: plumboferite.
magnetostratigraphic unit [8895] : phn v t
a tng.
L tp hp c c im t ging nhau
gip phn bit chng vi cc tp hp lin k.
374
 magnetostratigraphy [8896] : t a tng.
Mt b phn ca a tng hc nghin cu cc
c im t, c bit l t d ca t . magnussonite [8907] : magnusonit.
magnetostriction [8897] : hin tng t gio,
hiu ng t gio.
Hin tng quan st thy s thay i th tch
mt s hp kim khi t chng vo trng t
bin i. Hiu ng t gio c s dng trong
a vt l ch to cc my thu v pht sng
m dng cho a chn v carota.
magnetostrictive transducer [8898] : b bin
i t gio, bin t t gio.
Cc my thu v pht cc dao ng m v dao
ng a chn c ch to da vo hiu ng
t gio.
magnetotelluric method [8899] : phng
php t Telur.
Phng php thm d in t tin hnh kho
st cu to a cht da vo kho st s thay i
ca mt loi trng in t t nhin-trng
Telur. Trng ny c pht ra t cc ngun
nm trong tng in ly.
magnification [8900] : qu trnh m rng
(gin) nh.
magniotriplite [8901] : magniotriplit.
Khong vt : (Mg, Fe, Mn)2(PO4)F, l loi
triplit giu magnesi.
magnitude [8902] : ng t, magnitud
ng t (vl); ln, cp sng (m).
1- (vl) i lng do Gutenber Richter a
ra phn loi cng ca cc trn ng t.
i lng ny c tnh bng logarit t s gia
bin cc i ca cc sng a chn do ng
t gy ra v bin cc i ca cc sng tng
t ca trn ng t chun. Cc trn ng t
yu c magnitude bng 2-3; cc trn ng t
c magnitude bng 5 gy ph hy khng ln,
cc trn ng c magnitude bng 7 l cc trn
ng t mnh, cn cc trn ng t cc mnh
c magnitude t 8.5-8.9 Richter.
2-(m) Ton b th nguyn c coi l mi
ng nhnh trong h thng sng sui th hin
s lng ngun sng (sui) nhnh.
magnochromite [8903] : magnocromit.
n: magnesiochromite.
magnocolombite [8904] : magnocolumbit.
Khong vt h thoi mu en:
(Mg,Fe,Mn) (Nb,Ta)2O6, loi cha magnesi
tng t columbit.
magnoferrite [8905] : magnoferit.
n: magnesioferrite.
magnophorite [8906] : magnophorit.
Khong vt h n nghing nhm amphibol:
NaKCaMg5Si8O23(OH).
Khong vt ng thc mu xanh:
Mn5(AsO3)3(OH,Cl), c th cha mt t
magnesi v ng.
main joint [8908] : khe nt ln.
main scarp [8909] : vch ng chnh.
B mt dc ng pha ra trn mt mt
nguyn dng, t trt khi mt .
main stem [8910]:hng chnh ca dng chy.
main stream [8911] : dng chy chnh.
Sng ngi ln nht, ch yu trong mng li
sng sui ca mt vng.
mainland [8912] : t lin.
Mt vng t lin tc bao gm phn ch yu
ca n, v d: i lc (hay lc a), o chnh so
vi cc o nh lin k.
mainzer [8913] : h s thm.
majakite [8914] : majakit.
Khong vt: Pd Ni As.
major earthquake [8915] : ng t ln.
ng t c cng sng trn mt ln hn
7 Richter.
major element [8916] : nguyn t chnh.
1- Nguyn t chnh. Mt trong tm nguyn
t O, Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Na, K, Mg xut hin vi
mt lng>1% trong v Tri t.
2- Mt nguyn t chim hn 5% ca .
major fold [8917] : np un ln.
major joint [8918] : khe nt ln.
major principal stress [8919] : ng sut
chnh cc i.
ng sut chnh ln nht ca t hoc ,
c xc nh t cc th nghim tiu chun.
majorite [8920] : majorit.
Khong vt thin thch thuc nhm granat:
Mg3 (Fe, Al, Si)2 Si3O12.
makatite [8921] : makatit.
Khong vt: Na2 Si4O9.5H2O.
makhtesh [8922] : h ln.
israel, thut ng dng ch nhng h ln,
hnh trn, c ni ta nh sao chi di, c hnh
thnh do vm cu trc b xm thc.
makinenite [8923] : makinenit.
Khong vt: gama-Ni Se.
malachite [8924] : malachit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu xanh-sng:
Cu2CO3(OH)2, khong vt qung ng v l
khong vt th sinh ph bin, i cng vi azurit
trong i trn (oxy ha) ca mch qung ng.
375
Malachit dng khi, dng chm nho v thng
tp trung dng lp c mu sc khc nhau.
Malachit mu p dng lm trang sc.
malacolite [8925] : malacolit.
Thut ng ch diopsit sng mu (xanh nht
hoc vng) trong, Sweden. n: diopside.
malanite [8926] : malanit.
Khong vt h lp phng: Cu (Pt, Ir)2 S4.
malayaite [8927] : malayait.
Khong vt: CuSn SiO5.
Malaysianite [8928] : Malaysianit.
Tektit phn b trn bn o Malai.
malchite [8929] : malchit.
Lamprophyr ht mn, kin trc pocphyr c t
ban tinh hornblend, labrador, i khi c biotit
trn nn gm hornblend, andesine, t thch anh.
maldonite [8930] : maldonit.
Khong vt: Au2Bi, l hp kim ca vng v
bismut mu hng nht n trng bc. n: black
gold; bismuth gold.
malezal swamp [8931] : bi ly, m ly.
m ly, bi ly do h thng nc cao hn
ng bng tri di, c sn hi kh phn bit.
malignite [8932] : malignit.
1- Theo phn loi ca IUGS l xm nhp
su c F=10-60, P/(A+P) 10, M=30-60.
2- Syenit nephelin sm mu cha hn 5%
nephelin, lng feldspar kali v pyroxen gn
bng nhau.
malinowskite [8933] : malinowskit.
Mt dng ca tetrahedrit cha ch.
malladrite [8934] : maladrit.
Khong vt trong l kh phun, h su
phng, nhit thp : Na2SiF6. Khng nn
nhm vi malardit.
mallardite [8935] : malardit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu hng nht:
MnSO4.7H2O. Khng nn nhm vi maladrit.
Malm [8936] : Malm.
Thng Jura thng Trung u (nm trn
Dogger, nm di Creta h).
mamelon [8937] : ni la nh, ni la dng
v, dng g, ni la Mamelon.
Ni la nh, trn c hnh thnh trn hng
do s phun tro chm chp dung nham silicat
do v dnh.
mamlahah [8938] : h mui kh.
Thut ng c s dng bn o Rp
ch h trong t lin c ph mt lp mui
(h kh).
mammilated surface [8939] : b mt.
B mt g bng , phng l, nh trn, xen
k cc khe v rnh.
mammillary hill [8940] : i dng v.
nh i trn nh, nhn, t nhiu hi di c
dng hnh trn v dng elip chn i (i
hnh v).
mammothite [8941] : mamothit.
Khong vt: AlCu4 Pb6 Sb (SO4)2 Cl4 (OH)18.
manaccanite [8942] : manacanit.
n: menaccanite.
manandonite [8943] : manandonit.
Khong vt mu trng: Li Al4 B Si3O10 (OH)8,
thuc nhm clorit.
manasseite [8944] : manaseit.
Khong vt h su phng :
Mg6 Al2 (CO3) (OH)16. 4H2O, ng hnh vi
hydrotalcit.
mandarinoite [8945] : mandarinoit.
Khong vt: Fe+3 Se3O9 .4H2O.
mandchurite [8946] : mandchurit.
Basanit nephelin c thy tinh. (Thut ng
khng nn dng).
mandrel [8947] : ng dn mandrel.
ng dn ng cc, v d thi cng cc
Raymond.
Manebach Ala twin law [8948] : lut song
tinh Ala-Manebach.
Lut song tinh phc tp trong feldspar h ba
nghing. Trc song tinh thng gc vi [001] v
mt tip hp l (001). n: acline-A twin law.
Manebach pericline twin law [8949] : lut
song tinh quanh nghing (periclin) Manebach.
Lut song tinh phc tp trong feldspar, trong
trc song tinh thng gc vi [010] v mt
tip hp l (001).
Manebach twin law [8950] : lut song tinh
Manebach.
Lut song tinh trong feldspar ca h n
nghing v ba nghing, thng n gin, vi
mt song tinh v mt tip hp l (001).
mangan neptunite [8951] : neptunit mangan.
Khong vt mu sm:
Na2 K Li (Mn, Fe)2 Ti2 Si8O24. Ss: neptunite.
manganandalusite [8952] : andalusit cha
mangan.
n: viridine.
manganapatite [8953] : apatit cha mangan.
Loi apatit cha mangan trong dung dch
cng calci.
manganaxinite [8954] : axinit cha mangan.
Khong vt: Ca2(Mn,Fe)Al2B Si4O15(OH).
manganbabingtonite [8955] : babingtonit
376
 cha mangan.
Khong vt: Ca2(Mn,Fe+2) Fe+3Si5O14(OH).
manganbelyankinite [8956] : belyankinit
cha mangan.
Khong vt: (Mn,Ca) (Ti,Nb)5O12.9H2O.
manganberzeliite [8957] : berzelit cha
mangan.
Khong vt: (Mn,Mg)2(Ca,Na)3(AsO4)3, ng
hnh vi berzeliit.
manganblende [8958] : manganblend.
n: alabandite.
manganese [8959] : mangan (Mn).
Tn Latin l manganum. Nguyn t ha hc
s 25, nguyn t lng 54,9380; t trng 7,44
g/cm3, thuc nhm kim loi nng, lithophil. C
1 ng v bn v 23 khng bn. Hm lng Mn
trong cc (ppm): v lc a trn l 527; siu
mafic 1200; gabro-basalt 1500; granit
granodiorit 400; phin 850; trong t 530;
trong nc i dng 0,0002 mg/l; trong nc
sng sui 0,004 mg/l. Cc khong vt tiu biu
l pyrolusit MnO2, manganit MnO(OH), haus-
mannit Mn3O4, rhodocrosit MnCO3, psilomelan
BaMn9O18.2H2O, cryptomelan KMn8O16. Phng
php phn tch: XRF, ICP-AES, ICP-MS. c
s dng trong ngnh luyn kim, hp kim, pin,
phn bn, xc tc, cht to mu, bo qun g.
manganese alum [8960] : phn mangan.
n: apjohnite.
manganese epidote [8961] : epidot mangan.
n: piemontite.
manganese hoernesite [8962] : hoernesit
mangan.
Khong vt: (Mn, Mg)3 (AsO4)2 .8H2O.
manganese nodule [8963] : kt hch mangan.
Cc khi kt hch khng u mu nu, en
c cha mui mangan v cc khong vt oxid
mangan (hm lng Mn 15-30%) xen k vi
oxid st. Cc kt hch ny nm di y i
dng v cc h ln. Kt hch Mn c kch thc
trung bnh 3-5 cm (c khi ti 25 cm) v c trng
lng 115 g, cng thy c tng n 770 kg.
manganese shadlunite [8964] : shadlunit
mangan.
Khong vt nhm pentlandit:
(Mn, Pd, Cd) (Fe, Cu)8 S8.
manganese spar [8965] : spat mangan.
n: rhodonite, rhodochrosite.
manganhumite [8966] : humit mangan.
Khong vt cha Mn tng t humit:
(Mn,Mg,Fe,Ca)7(OH)2(SiO4)3.
manganite [8967] : manganit.
Khong vt h thoi mu xm thp hoc en
st: MnO(OH), ng hnh vi grutit v
feitknechtit, v l khong vt qung mangan.
n: gray manganese ore.
manganocalcite [8968] : calcit mangan.
1- Loi hodocrosit cha calci.
2- Loi calcit cha mangan.
manganochromite [8969] : cromit mangan.
Khong vt nhm spinel: (Mn,Fe+2)(Cr,V)O4.
manganocolumbite [8970] : columbit
mangan.
Khong vt: (Mn, Fe+2)(Nb, Ta)2O6.
manganolangbeinite [8971] : langbeinit
mangan.
Khong vt ng thc mu -hng :
K2 Mn2 (SO4)3.
manganolite [8972] : manganolit (kv).
n: rhodonite.
manganophyilite [8973] : manganophyilit.
Loi biotit cha mangan :
K(Mn, Mg, Al)2-3(Al, Si)4O10(OH)2. Khong
vt ny cn c cng thc gi thuyt :
K2Mn5Al4Si5O10(OH)4.
manganosite [8974] : manganosit.
Khong vt ng thc MnO, khi tm mt,
mu xanh, tr thnh en khi tip xc vi
nh sng.
manganostibite [8975] : stibit mangan.
Khong vt h thoi: (Mn, Fe)7 Sb+5 As+5 O12.
manganotantalite [8976] : tantalit mangan.
Khong vt: (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb2)O6, vi Mn>Fe.
Ss: tantalite.
manganotapiolite [8977] : tapiolit mangan.
Khong vt lot tapiolit :
(Mn, Fe)2(Ta, Nb4) O12.
manganpyrosmalite [8978] : pyrosmalit
mangan.
Khong vt: (Mn,Fe)8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10.
Ss: pyrosmalite.
mangerite [8979] : mangerit.
xm nhp ca lot charnokit, tng ng
vi monzonit, cha ch yu microperthit v
khong vt mafic nh hypersten. Thut ng
khng nn dng.
mangrove coast [8980] : b bin c c v
s vt.
B bin nhit i hoc cn nhit i, pht
trin thc vt s vt, cy c v cy trm.
mangrove swamp [8981] : m ly s vt.
m ly ven bin khu vc nhit i hay
cn nhit i, ni c nhiu thc vt ngp mn
nh s vt, bu c pht trin.
377
 manjakite [8982] : manjakit.
magma c kin trc u ht gm granat,
biotit, pyroxen, t penspat, magnetit, hypersten,
labrador. (Thut ng c).
manjiroite [8983] : manjiroit.
Khong vt h t phng :
(Na,K)Mn8O16.nH2O.
man-made disasters [8984] : cc tai bin
nhn to.
Cc tai bin do con ngi gy ra nh: ng
t kch thch do xy dng h cha, th v kh
ht nhn, st ln mt t do khai thc nc di
t, hoang mc ha lnh th do ph rng, gy
nhim mi trng do phng x cht thi.
man-made earthquake [8985] : ng t
nhn to.
ng t pht sinh do nhng hot ng ca
con ngi (th bom ht nhn, xy dng h cha
nc ln,...). n: induced earthquake.
man-made factors [8986] : nhng nhn t
nhn to.
n: antropogenic factors.
man-made geohazards [8987] : tai bin a
cht nhn to.
n: human-induced geohazards.
man-made shoreline [8988] : b bin
nhn to.
ng b bin nhn to nhm bo v ng
bng duyn hi nh bin, chn sng
cng, ng b b bin.
mannardite [8989] : manardit.
Khong vt : Ba2 (Ti6 V+32) O16 c cu trc
ging halandit.
manning equation [8990] : phng trnh vn
tc dng.
Phng trnh tnh vn tc dng nc ng
nht trong knh, mng : v = 1.486/n.R2/3.s1/2.
Trong : v- vn tc trung bnh ca dng nc;
R- bn knh thy lc; s- dc ca mng,
knh, ; n- h s mp m do ngi s dng.
manometer [8991] : u o p lc.
ng h o p lc. n: pressure gauge.
mansfiekdite [8992] : mansfiekdit.
Khong vt h thoi mu trng n xm nht:
AlAsO4.2H2O, ng hnh vi scorodit.
mantienneite [8993] : mantienneit.
Khong vt :
(K0,5 0,5)Mg1,5Fe+30,5Al2Ti(PO4)4(OH)3.15H2O.
mantle [8994] : o, lp o (cs); mc, ngun.
1- (cs) Np gp, thy hay i thy ca vch
thn Thn mm hoc Tay cun c tc dng lt
v v mang cc hch tit ra v, v thng to ra
mt xoang o; cu trc tht V gip Cirripedia
c cng c bi nm phin vi ha, l g sng,
mnh lng v cc gip.
2- V d mc nc ngm.
Mantle [8995] : Manti.
i nm gia v v nhn Tri t gm ba
phn: manti di, trn v gia.
mantle canal [8996] : knh o.
on ko di phn nhnh hnh ng dp ca
xoang o dn ti lp o Tay cun, qua cc
dch di chuyn trong o.
mantle cavity [8997] : xoang o.
Xoang nm gia lp o v c th cha c
quan h hp Thn mm hai mnh v Tay cun.
mantle crust mix [8998] : hn hp v manti.
c c tnh hn hp ca trong thch
quyn v ca manti, c vn tc sng P = 7,4-
7,7km/giy.
mantle rock [8999] : o .
n: regolith.
mantled [9000] : lp ph tro ni la chnh hp
vi a hnh.
mantled gneiss dome [9001] : vm gneis
b ph.
Vm nng trong vng bin cht. Vm c
nhn l gneis c ti dch chuyn t mng
ban u, xuyn qua cc lp ph tr hn cng
b bin cht.
map analysis [9002] : phn tch bn .
mapimite [9003] : mapimit.
Khong vt: Zn2 Fe+33 (AsO4)3 (OH)4.10H2O.
map layers [9004] : tp hp cc s liu c
trng cho mi mt vng trong min a l
no .
map measurer [9005]: n v quy c bn .
Trong cc phn mm my tnh, t l bn
c tnh theo n v quy c ca s liu lp
nn bn .
map projection [9006] : h chiu ca bn .
Hin nay c rt nhiu h chiu c ng
dng trong thnh lp bn GIS v bn a
cht, v d GAUSS, UTM... Mt s phn mm
h tr trc tip, cho php lm vic trn nhiu h
chiu nhng a s phi dng cc phn mm
chuyn dng chuyn h chiu (LAMBERT).
map scale [9007] : t l bn .
map sheet [9008] : mnh bn .
marble [9009] : hoa, cm thch, marbl.
1- bin cht gm ch yu l calcit (hoc
dolomit) ti kt tinh ht nh n ln thng c
kin trc ht bin tinh, ht ng.
2- Trong thng mi l loi carbonat kt
378
tinh nh hoa, cc loi vi c th nh
bng v s dng trong kin trc, trang lt.
marcasite [9010] : marcasit.
1- Khong vt h thoi ph bin mu vng
sng, xm nht FeS2. Lng hnh vi pyrit v c
b ngoi ging pyrit nhng marcasit c trng
lng ring nh hn, km n nh v ha hc v
thng c mu nht hn. Marcasit thng c
trong trm tch (nh vi) di dng , kt
hch vi cu trc si phng tia. n: white iron
pyrites; iron pyrites; white pyrites; cockscomb
pyrites; spat pyrites; lamelar pyrites.
2- Trong lnh vc qu l mt thut ng i
chng c s dng ch mt s khong vt c
nh kim loi (c bit l pyrit kt tinh dng lm
trang sc) v c nh thp sng bng, kim loi
mu trng.
marchite [9011] : marchit.
Pyroxenit cha enstantit v diopxit.
marekanite [9012] : marekanit.
Obsidian dng cc th trn, gn trn,
thng c ng knh nh hn 2 inch, phn b
trong perlit nhng c hm lng nc nh hn
so vi perlit vy quanh.
margarite [9013] : margarit (kv).
Mica khi tm mt kp :
CaAl2(Si2Al2)O10(OH,F)2, mu hng nht
hoc vng nht v nh long lanh nh ngc trai.
n: lime mica, calcium mica, pearl mica.
margarosanite [9014] : margarosanit.
Khong vt h ba nghing khng mu hoc
mu trng tuyt: Pb(Ca,Mn)2(SiO3)3.
marginal fault [9015] : t gy ra, t gy
ranh gii.
t gy ranh gii cc khi.
marginal fissure [9016] : khe nt ra cc th
xm nhp.
Khe nt ra cc th xm nhp c lp y
bi magma.
marginal karst plain [9017] : ng bng karst
ra.
Phn ng bng nm gia mt bn l min
karst cao hn v mt bn l vng khng ha
tan. n: marginal karst plain.
marginal lagoon [9018] : m ph ra.
m ph k lin vi b hoc ng b bin.
marginal sea [9019] : bin ra.
Bin na kn nm cnh lc a.
marginal trench [9020] : vc bin ra.
Vc i dng su k gip lc a.
marialite [9021] : marialit.
Khong vt nhm scapolit :
3NaAlSi3O4.NaCl, ng hnh vi meionit. K
hiu Ma.
maricite [9022] : maricit.
Khong vt: Na Fe PO4.
marignacite [9023] : marignacit.
Loi pyroclor cha nhiu t him ceri.
marine abrasion [9024] : bo mn do bin.
1- Hin tng bo mn a hnh i ven b
v y bin do tc dng ph hy ca sng bin.
2- Xi mn y i dng do trm tch di
chuyn bi nng lng sng.n: wave abrasion.
3- Xi mn hm vc di y bin bi s di
chuyn cc trm tch xung di chn sn do
nh hng ca trng lc.
marine arch [9025] : b bin hnh cung.
n: sea arch.
marine bank [9026] : cn ct b bin.
n: submarine bank.
marine bridge [9027] : b bin hnh cung.
n: sea arch.
marine built [9028] : hnh thnh do bin.
c thnh to hoc cng c bi hot ng
ca sng hoc dng bin. n: wave-built.
marine built terrace [9029] : thm sng v.
Thm c hnh thnh bi cc qu
trnh bin.
marine cave [9030] : hang bin.
marine cliff [9031] : vch bin, vch mi mn.
Vng a hnh vch ng y bin.
n: cliff.
marine cut [9032] :
a hnh c chm khc hoc ct t ra bi
hot ng ca sng v bin.
n: wave cut; sea cut.
marine cut bench [9033] : bc mi mn.
n: wave cut bench; marine bench.
marine cut flatform [9034] : nn bng mi
mn.
n: wave cut flaform.
marine delta plain [9035] : ng bng delta
bin.
ng bng hu nh bng phng, hnh thnh
trong vnh bi cc trm tch sng, cc ni nc
sng b chn li do s gia nhp ca nc yn
tnh (Tarr, 1902); ng bng ny cao hn mc
nc bin cht t.
marine deposition coast [9036] : b bin
tch t.
B c hnh thi c to nn ch yu do trm
tch bin, v d nh b thng l do s hnh thnh
cc doi hoc ct, b thoi ha l do sng v
do trm tch.
379
 marine erosion coast [9037]:b bin xi mn.
B c hnh thi c to nn ch yu do xi
mn bin, v d nh s thng ca cc vch
do sng.
marine geology [9038] : a cht bin.
marine invasion [9039] : trn nc bin vo
t lin.
marine marsh [9040] : bi ly ven bin.
B mt t lin bng phng c trng thc vt,
cy bi ra bin, thng b ngp nc triu
cng. Ss: salt marsh.
marine plain [9041] : ng bng bin.
1- ng bng xi mn bin.
2- ng bng b bin cu to bng trm tch
b ri.
marine plane [9042] : ng bng xi
mn bin.
B mt mi mn do sng, c thnh to
trong giai on cui cng ca xi mn bin.
marine platform [9043] : nn bng mi mn
do sng.
n: marine cut platform.
marine stack [9044] : ni hnh kim
ngoi bin.
n: stack.
marine swamp [9045] : bi ly ven bin.
Phm vi t thp ngp nc mn hoc nc
l dc b bin c nhiu c, lau sy, cy ngp
mn v cc kiu thc vt tng t.
n: mangrove swamp; fiaralic swamp.
marine terrace [9046] : thm bin.
1- Di b tch t nghing nh v pha bin
c ph bi trm tch bin b ri (tiu biu l
bn, ct, cui nh). n: wave built terrace.
2- ng bng hp ven bin c ra ngoi rt
dc do xi mn bin.
3- Nn bng b ri mi mn do sng c l
ra do nng cao dc b hoc do s h thp mc
nc bin, cao t 3 m n trn 40 m trn mc
nc bin trung bnh; dim mi mn c
nng cao.
4- Thm hnh thnh dc b bin do s ni
lin thm sng v vi nn bng mi mn.
n: sea terrace; shore terrace.
marine transgression [9047] : hin tng
bin tin.
n: trangression.
maritime plant [9048] : thc vt ven bin.
Loi cy sng trong cc bi bi ven bin,
thch hp vi iu kin nc mn.
mariupolite [9049] : mariupolit.
Syenit albit-nephelin cha acmit, biotit,
khong vt ph ch yu l ziricon v backelit.
marker [9050] : du, k hiu, tng nh du.
(t) Nhng c im a tng d nhn bit c
y cc tnh cht ring bit lin h, lm
lun c, hoc nhng du n li trong khong
thi gian di, c bit trong l khoan, cng
trng khai thc m. n: marker bed; marker
horizon; Thut ng c s dng Nam Phi cho
phn l ca .
marker band [9051] : di nh du.
Mt lp mng c th nhn bit c, c v tr
a tng ging nhau khp vng nghin cu.
marker bed [9052] : lp t c s, lp t
so snh, lp t tham kho chnh, tng
nh du.
marker horizon [9053] : tng nh du.
Mt b mt hoc mt mc a tng c th
dng vch ra cc phn v thch a tng.
market [9054] : th trng.
market price [9055] : gi th trng.
marketable [9056] : c th bn c, c th
trao i c trn th trng.
markfieldite [9057] : markfieldit.
Granit xm nhp nng cha ban tinh
plagioclas trn nn granophyr, c xut x t
nc Anh. Thut ng khng nn dng.
Markland's test [9058] : php th Markland.
Php th nhm xc nh s b (ch da trn
gc ni ma st) xem c kh nng xy ra trt
phng trong hay khng, bng cch so snh
gc ni ma st ca dc theo khe nt ang
xem xt, gc dc ca khe nt v gc ca
mi dc.
Markov process [9059] : qu trnh Markov.
Qu trnh ngu nhin X(t) c tnh cht sau
y: Nu thi gian to bit gi tr X(to) th mi
d on xc sut i vi qu trnh xy ra trong
tng lai s ph thuc vo qu trnh ngay trc
thi im to. Ni mt cch khc l qu trnh
ngu nhin c tnh cht: tng lai c lp vi
qu kh nu bit hin ti. C ngha l trong
tun t cc bin c ngu nhin, xc sut ca mi
bin c b nh hng hay ph thuc vo xc
sut c ngay trc . n: Markov Chain;
Markoff process.
marl [9060] : marl, st vi.
Thut ng c c dng khng cht ch v
ni dung ch loi trm tch dng t khng
rn chc vi s trn ln ca st v carbonat Ca
hnh thnh di bin hoc trong iu kin nc
ngt, l tp hp c thnh phn 35-65% st v
65-35% carbonat. Marl c dng ci to
380
t acid.
marloesite [9061] : marloesit.
phun tro mu xm nht, b ngoi ging
andesit bin i, gm cc ban tinh plagioclas v
tm mica gi hnh theo olivin trn nn kin trc
t ban tinh nh gm augit, plagioclas axid, oxid
st. Thut ng khng nn dng.
marmarization [9062] : hoa ha, cm
thch ha.
n: marmorization.
marmarosis [9063] : hoa ha, cm
thch ha.
n: marmorosis.
marmatite [9064] : marmatit.
Sphalerit mu nu ti n en, giu st.
marmolite [9065] : marmolit.
Khong vt serpentin xanh lc nht phn
phin mng, l mt loi crysotil.
marmoraceous [9066] : cha hoa, c
hoa.
Marmorian [9067] : Marmor.
Bc Bc M. Ordovic trung (nm trn
Whiterock, nm di Ashby).
marmorization [9068] : hoa ha, cm
thch ha.
S bin i ca vi thnh hoa do bin augit, leucit, olivin, magnhetit, apatit. (Thut
cht. Cn c vit marmarization.
n: marmorosis.
marmorosis [9069] : hoa ha, cm
thch ha.
n : marmorization. Cn c vit : marma-
rosis.
marne [9070] : marn, st vi.
Thut ng gc Php ch loi marl hoc st
vi cha hn 50% st v khng nh hn 15%
carbonat Ca.
marokite [9071] : marokit.
Khong vt h thoi mu en: CaMn2O4.
marosite [9072] : marosit.
Shonkinit gm biotit, augit vi rim horn-
blend, sanidin, plagioclas Ca, nephelin, sodalit,
apatit v oxid Fe. Thut ng mang tn vng Pic
de Maros, Celebes, Indonesia. Khng nn dng.
MARPOL Convention [9073] : Cng c
MARPOL.
X: Convention for the prevention of pollution
from ships.
marrite [9074] : marit.
Khong vt h n nghing: PbAgAsS3.
Mars [9075] : Sao Ha.
marscoite [9076] : marscoit.
magma hn nhim gm cc ban tinh
thch anh v feldspar trn nn gabroid.
marsh [9077] : m ly.
Phm vi bo ha nc ng ngp nh k hoc
thng xuyn, c thc vt dng c, thc vt
sng nc. Ss: swamp, bog.
marsh movement [9078] : chuyn ng khi.
Chuyn ng khi ca mt b phn mt t,
c bit mass wasting hoc s di chuyn ca
vt liu xung pha di sn.
Ss: mass transport.
marsh ore [9079] : qung m ly.
marsshite [9080] : marshit.
Khong vt ng thc mu nht,
nu: CuI.
Marsupialia [9081] : Th c ti.
Mt b Th, c trng bi khng c nhau, do
sinh con trong tnh trng rt non yu, m s
pht trin sau din ra trong mt ci ti
chuyn ha trc bng.
marthozite [9082] : marthozit.
Khong vt: Cu(UO2)3, (SeO3)3(OH)2.7H2O.
martinite [9083] : martinit.
1- Tephrit c kin trc porphyr bao gm cc
ban tinh leucit, labrador, feldspar kim, augit
trn nn ht mn gm labrador, feldspar kim,
ng khng nn dng).
2-Loi whitlockit cha carbonat.
martite [9084] : martit.
Tinh th khi tm mt, mu en st, gi hnh
magnetit.
masafuerite [9085] : masafuerit.
Picrit xm nhp nng bao gm cc ban tinh
olivin (>5% ), trn nn ca augit a sc,
plagioclas baz, ilmenit, magnetit. (Thut ng
khng nn dng).
masanite [9086] : masanit.
Monzonit thch anh c ban tinh plagioclas
phn i, thch anh b gm mn v nn
granophyr. (Thut ng khng nn dng).
masanophyre [9087] : masanophyr.
Masanit cha ban tinh oligocla vi rim
octocla trn nn gm hornblend mu lc-da tri
v sphen.
mascagnite [9088] : mascagnit.
Khong vt mu xm-vng nht: (NH4)SO4,
thng dng bt tch t trn mt trong vng
phun tro v cng i vi sulfat amon trong
phn chim.
maskelynyte [9089] : maskelynyt.
Thin thch khng mu bao gm pha khng
kt tinh to bi qu trnh thy tinh ha
381
plagioclas khi va p v cha cc c im st
li ca plagioclas.
maslovite [9090] : maslovit.
Khong vt h lp phng: PtBiTe. Tnh
nhiu x ca n ging insiwait v micherit.
mass spectrograph [9091] : khi ph k.
mass spectrometer [9092] : khi ph k.
massicot [9093] : masicot.
Khong vt h thoi mu nu: PbO.
Ss: litharge. n: lead ocher.
massif [9094] : khi.
Th a cht dng khi. Khi c cu trc
dng khi, c bit cc i to ni, thng cu
to bi cc rn chc hn cc vy quanh
chng. Cc ny c th l phn l ra ca
mng c kt c giai on to ni trc hoc
cc th magma tr.
massive [9095] : cu to khi, khi.
1- Cu to ca cc magma c trng tnh
ng nht trn din rng, khng c biu hin
phn lp, dng chy, v.v.
2- Khi xm nhp khng phi dng tm.
3-Cu to ca bin cht, m khong vt
ca chng khng nh hng song song, khng
phn b thnh lp.
massive ore [9096] : qung dng khi.
master cave [9097] : hang chnh.
Phm vi trong hang hoc mt b phn hang
dng nh l rng nht, l phn bng phng
nht c cc ngch ph dn ti.
master joint [9098] : khe nt chnh, khe
nt ch.
Khe nt c vai tr quan trng trong h
khe nt.
masutomilite [9099] : masutomilit.
Khong vt nhm mica, cha Mn+2 tng t
zinwaldit, ion Mn thay th ion Fe+2 trong khi
tm mt.
masuyite [9100] : masuyit.
Khong vt h thoi: oxid Pb v U (?).
mat foundation [9101] : mng b, mng bn.
Thng s dng cho mng nh vi iu kin
t nn khng thun li, khng s dng c
mng n hoc mng bng.
material [9102] : nguyn liu, vt liu.
material properties [9103] : tnh cht (c l)
ca vt liu.
V d cc tnh cht v sc bn (ct, un, ko,
v.v.), bin dng (h s n hi Young, h s
Poisson), kh nng thm thu, v.v.
material science [9104] : khoa hc v vt liu.
Khoa hc ng dng vt l v ha hc vo cu
trc ni ti ca vt liu din gii s lm vic
ca chng cng trnh.
mathematical geology [9105] : a cht
ton hc.
Khoa hc nghin cu m hnh ha ton hc
cc qu trnh a cht (ton hc ng dng trong
a cht hc). a cht ton hc gm ba phn:
- a cht ton hc chnh thng vi mc ch
xy dng m hnh ton hc cc qu trnh, da
theo nhng quan im hin i ca a cht hc.
iu ny cn thit kim tra s khng mu
thun ca cc l thuyt v ngun gc a cht so
vi ti liu quan st. Thng a cht ton hc
s dng m hnh ton hc xc sut hay m hnh
ngu nhin.
- Do s ngun gc a cht thng khng
c th nn hay dng loi m hnh hng ng
l nhng hm m t cc tnh cht c bn ca
i tng a cht. V d: xc nh s bin i
ca kali trong granitoid t bc n nam Vit
Nam. Nu c hm ni ln s gim hm lng
ny th ta coi hm l m hnh hng ng. M
hnh hng ng c Krig Matheron dng
to nn nhng cch tnh tr lng m.
- Cng c ton hc dng h tr cho vic
m t cc i tng a cht. Chng hn c th
dng phng sai, h s tng quan phn bit
mt i tng ny vi mt i tng khc v
xp loi, v.v. n: geomathematics.
mathematical model of the Earth [9106] :
m hnh ton hc ca Tri t.
Bng phng php Monte-Carlo trong s
khong 5 triu m hnh ton hc ra, my tnh
in t chn c 3 m hnh ph hp vi ti
liu thc t hn c. Theo cc m hnh ny, Tri
t c bn knh ln hn bn knh hin vn c
tha nhn (6381 km) khong 15-22 km. Nhn
long bn ngoi gm Fe v Si (hm lng Si
khong 15-25%) cn nhn trong rn, bao gm
Fe v Ni (hm lng Ni khong 20-50%). Mt
3
bn trong nhn khong 13,3-13,7g/cm , cao
hn so vi mt vn c tha nhn
3
(12g/cm ). Mt ban u phn trn ca
3
nhn long l 9,4-10 g/cm , lp manti c trng
bng s phn d v mt ha hc. i chuyn tip
gia lp manti trn v di c trng bng s
thay i mt v tc truyn sng ln. Vt
liu trong i chuyn tip bin i trong cc
phn khc nhau t trng thi rn n trng
thi lng.
matildite [9107] : matildit.
382
 Khong vt mu xm : AgBiS2. n : schap-
bachite; plenargyrite.
matlockite [9108] : matlockit.
Khong vt: PbFCl.
matraite [9109] : matrait.
Khong vt: ZnS.
matrix [9110] : ma trn (tc); nn.
Tp hp c sp xp theo trt t nht nh
nhm biu din mt i lng, thng s c
hng no trong khng gian.
n: ground mass.
matrosite [9111] : matrosit.
Vt cht vi ht mu en, khng thu quang
to nn nn ca torbanit.
mattagamite [9112] : matagamit.
Khong vt nhm marcasit: (Co,Fe)Te2.
matteuccite [9113] : mateucit.
Khong vt: NaHSO4.H2O.
matulaite [9114] : matulait.
Khong vt: CaAl18(PO4)12(OH)20.28H2O.
Matura diamond [9115] : kim cng Matura.
qu zircon cht lng cao, khng mu
n mu m khi nht vng Matura nam
Ceylon. Khi zircon c mu th bng phng
php nung s bin thnh khng mu.
maturation pond [9116] : b .
Mt b nng, rng, c dng x l b
sung nc thi sau khi c x l sinh hc,
ti cc cht rn hnh thnh trong qu trnh x
l sinh hc b loi b.
mature [9117] : trng thnh.
Giai on trng thnh ca chu trnh xi
mn; c bit ni v a th hoc vng cnh
quan ca n (nh ng bng hoc cao nguyn)
tri qua s pht trin cc i v s ni r v
dng; hoc giai on dng chy (v thung lng
ca n) c trc din cn bng v pht trin
y ; hoc giai on bnh n tng i.
maturity [9118] : giai on trng thnh.
Giai on th hai trong ba giai on chnh
ca chu trnh xi mn trong s pht trin a
hnh ca mt cnh quan, hoc thi k xen gia
thi tr v gi (hoc tip theo thi thanh nin)
ko di xuyn sut thi k a dng ha ln nht
ca s phn ha a hnh. Trong thi k hu
nh ton b s phn bc a hnh hon tt.
Giai on ny c c trng bi s dy c cc
dng chy trng thnh, s bin mt cc b mt
bng phng khi thy, mt t b chia ct trit
bin thnh cc sn, h thng thy vn rng,
phn nh r vi nhiu sng nhnh, ng cha
nc hp, sc, vng mt cc m ly hoc h
trn vng t cao, g gh cp ln nht c
th, bt u xut hin mt ng bng xi mn
mi v hin tng pediment ha (trong mt chu
trnh kh hn). n: topographic maturity.
maufite [9119] : maufit.
Khong vt: (Mg,Ni)AlO4SiO3O13.4H2O (?).
maximum [9120] : cc i.
Din tch c mt ln nht ca cc im
chiu cu cc yu t cu to dng mt hoc
dng ng trn cc th lp theo phng
php chiu cu v th ng tr.
maximum filter [9121] : b lc ti a.
B lc bng mt ca s trt trn ton b
im trong nh. Gi tr max ca ca s c
gn cho im gia ca ca s.
maximum acceptable concentration (MAC)
[9122] : nng ti a c th chp nhn.
Hm lng ln nht ca mt cht c hi
(hay mt yu t bt li) trong mi trng khng
gy nguy him cho ngi v sinh vt c tiu
chun quc gia hay quc t chp nhn.
n: maximum allowable concentration
(MAC); maximum permissible concentration
(MPC); maximum permissible level (MPL);
maximum permissible ratio.
maximum allowable concentration (MAC)
[9123] : nng ti a c th chp nhn.
n: maximum acceptable concentration.
maximum economic recovery [9124] : h s
thu hi c gi tr kinh t ln nht.
maximum permissible concentration (MPC)
[9125] : hm lng ti a cho php.
maximum permissible dose [9126] : liu
lng ti a cho php.
Liu lng ln nht ca mt cht hay yu t
c hi (bi silic, bc x ion ha,...) trong mi
trng khng gy nguy him cho ngi v sinh
vt, c tiu chun quc gia hay quc t cho
php. n: maximum allowable concentration,
maximum permissible level, maximum
concentration rates.
maximum permissible level [9127] : mc ti
a cho php.
n: maximum acceptable concentration.
maximum permissible ratio [9128] : sut ti
a cho php.
n: maximum acceptable concentration.
maximum value [9129] : gi tr ln nht.
maximum water holding capacity [9130] :
kh nng hp th nc cc i.
m trung bnh ca mt mu t, c chiu
cao mt centimet sau khi cho mt di tip xc
383
vi mt nc.
Mayan [9131] : May.
Bc chu u. Cambri trung (nm trn
Amga, nm di Tuor).
mayenite [9132] : mayenit.
Khong vt ng thc: Ca12Al14O33.
Maysvillian [9133] : Maysvili.
Bc Bc M. Ordovic thng (nm trn
Eden, nm di Richmond).
mazzite [9134] : mazit.
Khong vt h su phng h zeolit:
K2CaMg2(Al, Si)36O72.28H2O.
mbobomkulite [9135] : mbobomkulit.
Khong vt trong hang ng:
(Ni,Cu)Al4(NO3)1,5(SO4)0,25(OH)11,45.1,59H2O.
Loi kh nc tng ng vi hydrobobom-
kulit v loi cha Ni tng ng vi chalcoa-
lumit.
mboziite [9136] : mboziit.
Khong vt nhm amphibol:
Na2CaFe3+2Fe2+3Al2Si6O22(OH)2.
mcconnellite [9137] : mconelit.
Khong vt c m t u tin cng vi
grinaldiit: CrOOCu.
mcgillite [9138] : mcgilit.
Khong vt nhm friedelit:
Mn8Si6O15(OH)8Cl.
m-charnokite [9139] : m-charnokit.
Theo phn loi ch lot charnokit, cha
feldspar duy nht l mesoperthit.
mcnearite [9140] : mcnearit.
Khong vt: NaCa5H4(AsO4)54H2O.
mean deviation [9141] : lch trung bnh.
S trung bnh cng ca lch tuyt i gia
cc tr s quan st so vi s trung bnh cng ca
n. n: average deviation.
mean discontinuity spacing [9142] : gin
cch khe nt trung bnh.
Gin cch trung bnh gia cc khe nt cng
h. Thng s m t mt cch nh lng mt h
khe nt no v cht lng, mc nt n ca
khi .
mean high water (MHW) [9143] : mc nc
cng trung bnh.
Mc nc cng trung bnh o c ti mt
im cho trc trong thi gian 19 nm hay trong
khong thi gian tnh ton tng ng.
mean higher high water (MHHW) [9144] :
mc nc cng trung bnh ln nht.
Tr s trung bnh ln nht ca cc mc nc
cng o c ti mt im cho trc trong 19
nm hay trong khong thi gian tnh ton
tng ng.
mean low water (MLW) [9145] : mc nc
rng trung bnh.
Mc nc rng o c ti mt im cho
trc trung bnh trong thi gian 19 nm hay
trong khong thi gian tnh ton tng ng.
mean lower low water (MLLW) [9146] :
mc nc trung bnh nh nht.
Tr s trung bnh nh nht ca cc mc nc
thp o c ti mt im cho trc trong 19
nm hay trong khong thi gian tnh ton
tng ng.
mean sea level (MSL) [9147] : mc nc bin
trung bnh.
Mc nc chun trung bnh ca mc dao
ng thy triu trong nhiu nm.
mean water level (MWL) [9148] : mc nc
trung bnh.
Mc nc o c vo nhng thi im,
cch nhau mt khong thi gian nht nh
(thng l mt gi) trong giai on kho st.
meander [9149] : khc un sng.
Mt trong lot cc ch un, vng ngon
ngoo pht trin t do, u n trong dng sng
chy. N c hnh thnh bi mt dng chy
trng thnh chy theo kiu nh vng, chy t
b bn ny sang b bn kia, ngang qua bi bi
ca n, hoc dch chuyn v pha b li ca
khc un nguyn thy. T nguyn: ting Hy lp
maiandros, t tn sng Maiandros ty Tiu
(nay c hiu l sng Menderes ty nam Th
Nh K) m ai cng bit v s un khc ca n.
meander bar [9150] : un khc.
c cu to bi trm tch ct v cui tch
t pha trong v ko di vo ch un cong ca
khc un. n: point bar.
meander belt [9151] : i un khc ca sng.
i ko di dc y thung lng c dng chy
un khc ct ngang qua vi dng di dch theo
thi gian, c bit bi bi nm gia hai ng
tip tuyn ti cc gii hn ngoi cng ca khc
un pht trin y . N c th c chiu rng
ln gp 15-18 ln chiu rng dng chy.
meander plain [9152] : ng bng khc un.
Thut ng ch v mt ng bng hnh
thnh do qu trnh to khc un, hoc mt ng
bng c bi thm mt bn, n t khi hoc
khng khi no ph thuc vo cc bi bi cao.
meander terrace [9153] : thm do khc un.
Thm sng tng i ngn, nh c hnh
thnh do khc un dch chuyn t do ct vo bi
bi cao hn v c hn.
384
 meandering stream [9154] : dng chy un
khc.
Dng chy c nhiu on un khc.
n: snaking stream.
meandering valley [9155] :
Dng chy c kiu cc khc un lin tip
nhau vi cc du vt tng t nhau ca mt
dng chy un khc. Cc khc un hoc Valley
meanders c cng mt kch c.
measured ore [9156] : qung thm d,
tnh tr lng.
measured reserve [9157] : tr lng tin cy.
mechanical analysis [9158] : phn tch c
hc, c l.
mechanical analysis of soil [9159] : phn tch
ch tiu c hc ca t.
Phn tch ch tiu c hc ca t.
mechanical barriers [9160] : cn tr c hc.
L cn tr a ha lin quan n s thay i
tc chuyn ng ca nc. N c trng cho cha mt s nguyn t hay hp cht c hot tnh
cc nguyn t t hoc khng c kh nng di
chuyn trong nc, nhng khong vt nng
nguyn sinh hoc th sinh bn vng trong i
biu sinh.
mechanical metamorphism [9161] : bin cht
ng lc.
n: kinetic metamorphism.
mechanical monitoring devices [9162] : thit
b quan trc c l.
mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) [9163]:
t c gia c c hc.
Bng m ln, gia c vi a k thut, li
thp, v.v.
mechanics of blasting [9164] : c hc n mn.
B mn c hc nghin cu v cht n, hiu
qu, nh hng ca n mn ti cc tnh cht c
l ca t v ng dng k thut n mn trong
xy dng dn dng, khai thc m, v.v.
mechanics of slope failure [9165] : c hc
ph hy mi dc.
B mn c hc nghin cu v tnh cht c l
ca t v cc mt gim yu trong chng,
tham gia vo qu trnh ph hy mi dc, c ch
ph hy mi dc cng nh cc bin php a k
thut n nh mi dc.
mechanism [9166] : c cu, c ch.
Median [9167] : Medi.
Bc Bc M. Silur h (nm trn Richmond
ca Ordovic thng, nm di Clinton).
n: Alexandri.
median septum [9168] : vch gia.
Vch cht vi nm dc trung tuyn bn
trong mnh v Tay cun; Graptoloidea hai dy
dng ng l g phn tch hai hng .
medical geology [9169] : a cht y hc.
Mn khoa hc ghp ni gia a cht v y
hc, chuyn nghin cu s lin quan gia mi
trng a cht vi sc khe, bnh tt ca con
ngi v sinh vt (nh nhng bnh do thiu vi
cht dinh dng hay d tha nguyn t c hi
trong mi trng, nhng stress do tc ng ca
cc trng a vt l,...) t p dng cc bin
php ch ng nhng tc hi (hay tn dng nhng
yu t thin nhin thun li) nhm m bo sc
khe, phng trnh bnh tt cho con ngi v
tng nng sut vt nui cy trng.
n: geomedicine.
medicinal spring [9170] : ngun nc
cha bnh.
Ngun nc t nhin c tc dng cha mt
s bnh hoc c li cho sc khe con ngi nh
sinh hc hoc tnh cht vt l c bit (nhit ,
phng x cao,...). n: mineral water.
mediiphyric [9171] : mediphyric.
porphyr trong ban tinh c kch thc
di nht l 0,04-0,008 mm. (Thut ng c).
mediophyric [9172] : kin trc mediopocphyr
( c kin trc mediopocphyr).
Kin trc pocphyr c kch thc ban tinh
1-5 mm. (Thut ng c).
mediosilicic [9173] : trung tnh.
Thut ng ny s dng nhm thay cho thut
ng intermediate (trung tnh).
mediterranean delta [9174] : delta ni lc.
Tam gic chu c to ra vng bin c t
lin bao quanh, khng c thy triu hoc c
bin thy triu nh.
Medithermal [9175] : chu k gim nhit
vo cui Holocen.
medium (as of grain size) [9176] : trung bnh
(nh c ht trung bnh).
Kch thc c ht trung bnh ca t c
xc nh t kt qu phn tch thnh phn ht t.
medium grained [9177] : ht trung bnh.
1- Kin trc magma, trong cc tinh th
c kch thc trung bnh 1-5mm.
2-Cc trm tch v kin trc ca chng,
trong cc ht c kch thc trung bnh
1/16mm n 2mm.
medulla [9178] : li.
i trung tm ca mt s San h tm tia;
phn trong ca mt s ng vt nguyn sinh.
medusa [9179] : sa.
385
 Mt dng c th ca Rut khoang c si
chm nga c bn hnh chung, c xc tu quanh
ra, thch nghi vi cch sng bi li t do.
megabreccia [9180] : i dm kt.
1- Dm kt to bi s c nt quy m rt ln,
gm cc khi c kch thc n 100m v phn
b ln xn, vi gc nghing 6-25o so vi mt
phng nm ngang.
2- Dm th bao gm cc khi kch thc n
400m, pht trin dc sn ni theo t gy ln,
bi s trt l trng lc. l sn phm c
ngun gc kin to v tch t trm tch.
3- Dm kt do sp ming ni la.
megacryst [9181] : ban tinh, ban bin tinh.
megacrystalline [9182] : kt tinh ht ln.
n: macrocrystalline.
megafabric [9183] : cu to th.
Cu to ca nhn bit c t mu cc,
vt l, khng cn qua knh hin vi.
megafauna [9184] : h ng vt ln.
n: macrofauna.
megaflora [9185] : i thc vt, thc vt ln.
1- Thc vt ln nhn thy c bng
mt thng.
2- Mt thut ng c ch nhng thc vt c
vng phn b rng, mt nhm thc vt ln ph
bin rng ri. n: macroflora.
megafossil [9186] : ha thch ln.
n: macrofossil.
megagroup [9187] : lin lot, lot ln.
Thut ng c s dng mt phn v thch
a tng c th bc cao hn lot v phn nh
nhng s kin chnh trong tin trnh lch s
a cht.
megalineament [9188] : megalineament,
lineament ln.
Cu to ng, c chiu di trn 100 km.
megasporangium [9189] : ti i bo t, ti
bo t ci.
Loi ti bo t mang cc i bo t, c th l
phi tm thc vt c ht thuc Ht trn.
megaspore [9190] : i bo t, bo t ci.
Bo t thuc thc vt c phi khi ny mm
sn sinh ra th giao t ci v thng ln hn vi
bo t.
megathermal [9191] : nhit cao.
Lin quan n kh hu c trng bi nhit
cao.
megovernite [9192] : megovernit.
n: macgovernite.
meguinessite [9193] : meguinesit.
Khong vt nhm rosasit :
(Mg, Cu)2(CO3)(OH)2.
meionite [9194] : meionit.
Khong vt nhm scapolit:
3CaAl2Si2O8.CaCO3, ng hnh vi marialit,
cha cc anion (sulfat, clorid). K hiu: Me.
meixnerite [9195] : meixnerit.
Khong vt h ba phng:
Mg6Al2(OH)18.4H2O.
mela [9196] : mela-.
Tip u ng c ngha sm mu dng cho
cc xm nhp giu khong vt mafic hn qui
nh.
melagabbroid [9197] : melagabroit, gabroit
sm mu.
Theo phn loi ca IUGS, l gabroit c
pl/(pl+px+ol) = 10-35.
melange [9198] : melang, thnh to hn n.
Mt thnh to c th o v c t l
1/24.000 hoc nh hn v c c trng bi
khng c lp, ranh gii khng r rng v cha
nhiu mnh, khi vi nhiu kch thc khc
nhau c ngun gc ngoi lai hoc ti ch c
gn kt thnh nhng khi ln bi nhng vt liu
ht nh. Ngun gc v kin trc ca melang cn
gy nhiu tranh ci. Ss: tectonic mlange,
dispiric mlange, allolistrostrome.
n: dismembered formation, chaos.
Thut ng c ngun gc t ting Php, c
ngha hn n.
melanocerite [9199] : melanocerit.
Khong vt khi thoi mu nu hoc en:
(Ce,Ca)5(Si,B)3O12(OH,F).nH2O(?).
melanocratic [9200] : xm nhp sm mu.
melanophlogite [9201] : melanophlogit.
Khong vt cha dioxid silic (SiO2) v
carbon, sulphur, hnh thnh gi hnh nh hng
ca alpha thch anh sau khi ngm cristobalit
trong H2SO4.
melanophyre [9202] : melanophyr.
Thut ng dng rng ri cho cc magma
sm mu kin trc porphyr, nn ht mn.
melanostibite [9203] : melanostibit.
Khong vt: Mn(Sb,Fe)O3.
melanotekite [9204] : melanotekit.
Khong vt mu en hoc xm en:
Pb2Fe2+3Si2O9.
melanovanadite [9205] : melanovanadit.
Khong vt mu en: Cr2V4+4V6+5O25. nH2O.
melanterite [9206] : melanterit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu xanh hoc
xanh bin-xanh l cy nht: FeSO4.7H2O.
n: copperas; green vitriol; iron vitrol.
melaphyre [9207] : melaphyr.
Ban u thut ng c dng rng ri cho
386
cc magma porphyr sm mu. Sau gii
hn cho basalt bin i. (Thut ng c).
melasome [9208] : melasome.
Phn ti mu ca migmatit thng giu
khong vt mafic. Cn vit l melanosome.
melilite [9209] : melilit.
1- Nhm khong vt c cng thc chung:
(Na, Ca)2(Mg, Al)(Si, Al)2O7, l lot ng hnh
ca dung dch-cng v c th cha mt t st.
2- Khong vt h bn phng, mu vng mt
ong v c xp sau gehlenit v akermanit, l
thnh phn ca phun tro basic hin i.
Melilit ca phun tro c gi l feldspa-
thoid, v cng c xem nh "pyroxen di bo
ha". Cn vit l mellilite.
melilite basalt [9210] : melilitit.
n: melilitite.
melilitholith [9211] : melilitholit.
phun tro ch gm melilit.
melilitite [9212] : melilitit.
phun tro khng cha olivin, cha melilit
v pyroxen nghing (>90%) v t feldspathoid,
i khi plagioclas. n: melmafite.
melilitolite [9213] : melilitolit.
Nhm cc magma him gp, gm ch yu
melilit (Strekeisen, 1967).
meliphanite [9214] : meliphanit.
Khong vt mu vng, hoc en:
(Ca,Na)2Be(Si,Al)2(O,OH,F)7. n: meliphan
gugiait.
melkovite [9215] : melkovit.
Khong vt: Ca, Fe, H6 (MoO4)4(PO4).6H2O.
mellilite [9216] : melilit.
n: melilite; mellite.
mellite [9217] : melit.
Khong vt mu vng mt ong:
Al2[C6(COO)6].18H2O, nh nha, dng kt
hch trong than nu v l sn phm phn hy
ca thc vt.
melmafite [9218] : melmafit.
Nhm magma gm melilit v cc khong
vt mafic.
melonite [9219] : melonit.
Khong vt: Ca Fe+2 Fe+3(PO4)2(OH).
melonjosephite [9220] : melonjosephit.
Khong vt mu trng- nht: NiTe2.
melt [9221] : cht lng, b t chy lng.
melteigite [9222] : melteigit.
1- Theo phn loi IUGS, l xm nhp
trong F=60-100, M=70-90, natri tri hn
kali.
2- xm nhp sm mu thuc lot ijolit
cha nephelin v 60-90% khong vt mafic, c
bit l pyroxen mu lc.
melting spot [9223] : im chy lng.
Khu vc ca manti, trong magma toleit
c thnh to, din tch chiu thng ng ca
khu vc trn mt t c hoc c th c hot
ng phun tro toleit (im nng-hot spot).
meltwater [9224] : nc bng tan, tuyt tan.
Nc sinh ra do bng, tuyt tan.
member [9225] : tp.
L hp phn ca h tng, i khi cng l hp
phn ca phc h. Tp l th phn lp m du
hiu u tin phn chia l tnh ng nht ca
c im thch hc. Khi c yu cu phi xc
nh c th ca tp phc v cho tm kim
khong sn, hay phn nh s bin i tng
lm c liu cho mi trng c a l, th c th
t tn cho tp theo a danh, ni th hin c
trng nht ca tp v c th km theo tn thch
hc; tp c th nh s v km theo tn
thch hc.
menaccanite [9226] : menacanit.
Mt dng ilmenit tm thy Manaccan
(Menachan) Cornwall, Anh, c th c l
menachanite, manaccanita.
Menap [9227] : Menap.
Bc bng h Bc u, Pleistocen (nm di
Elster), tng ng vi Gnz.
m-enderbite [9228] : m-enderbit.
Theo phn loi ch lot charnokit, trong
c c mesoperthit v plagioclas.
mendipite [9229] : mendipit.
Khong vt h thoi mu trng: Pb3Cl2O2.
mendozite [9230] : mendozit.
Khong vt h n nghing nhm phn
(alum): NaAl(SO4)2.11H2O(?).
menearite [9231] : menearit.
Khong vt: NaCa5H4(AsO4)5.4H2O.
meneghinite [9232] : meneghinit.
Khong vt mu xm-ch, en nht:
Cu Pb13Sb7S24.
Menevian [9233] : Menev.
Bc chu u. Cambri trung (nm trn Solv,
nm di Maentwrog).
Meotian [9234] : Meot.
Bc ng u (khu vc bin en). Miocen
thng (nm trn Sarmat, nm di Pont). C
lc c xem nh l phn thp nht ca Pliocen,
tng ng vi Pannon.
Meramecian [9235] : Meramec.
Thng khu vc Bc M. Mississippi thng
(nm trn Osag, nm di Chester).
mercallite [9236] : mercalit.
Khong vt mu xanh da tri: KHSO4.
387
 Mercury [9237] : Sao Thy.
mercury [9238] : thy ngn (Hg).
1- Tn La tinh l hydrargyrum. Nguyn t
ha hc s 80, nguyn t lng 200,592; t
trng 13,546 g/cm3, thuc nhm kim loi nng,
chalcophil, c 7 ng v bn v 34 ng v
khng bn. Hm lng Hg trong cc (ppm):
v lc a trn l 0,056; siu mafic 0,004;
gabro-basalt 0,01; granit granodiorit 0,03;
phin 0,18; nc i dng 0,00003 mg/l, nc
sng sui 0,00005 mg/l. Cc khong vt tiu
biu l cinabar, thy ngn t sinh. Phng php
phn tch: ASS. c s dng trong cng ngh
luyn vng, lm pin, trong nha khoa, n hi
thy ngn, o nhit, v.v.
2- Khong vt h su phng, nng, mu
trng bc n trng thic, nguyn t kim loi t
nhin: Hg, l kim loi dng lng nhit bnh
thng; Thu ngn t nhin cha mt t bc.
Thu ngn phi hp vi kim loi thnh hp kim
hoc dng hn hp. n: quicksilver.
mercury barometer [9239] : kh p k
thy ngn.
mercury fulminate [9240]:fulminat thy ngn.
merenskyite [9241] : merenskyit.
Khong vt: (Pd,Pt) (Te,Bi)2.
n: biteplapallidite.
merlinoite [9242] : merlinoit.
Khong vt h zeolit:
(K4,21Ca1,49Na0,55Ba0,24Fe0,24)(Al9,31Si22,68)O64.
2,74H2O.
merninite [9243] : merninit.
Khong vt h n nghing khng mu n
mu xanh nht: Ca Mg(SiO4)2.
merocrystalline [9244] :
n: hypocrystalline.
merokarst [9245] : karst khuyt.
Karst pht trin khng hon chnh, c c
trng bi vi khng tinh khit v bi s c
mt h thng sng trn mt. n: holokarst.
merostome [9246] : Ming t (Merostamata).
ng vt Chn khp (Arthropoda) thuc mt
lp c trng l c mt i chi trc ming gm
ba, c th l bn, khp.
meroxene [9247] : meroxen.
Loi biotit vi mt trc song song vi trc
kt tinh b.
merwinite [9248] : merwinit.
Khong vt h n nghing, khng mu n
mu xanh nht: CaMg(SiO4)2.
mesa [9249] : kt cu, kin trc "mesa".
Dng kt cu mesa ca .
mesa butte [9250] : ni i st c nh bng;
ni g mt bn.
Hnh thnh bi s xi mn v s h thp ni
mt bn.
mesa plain [9251] : ng bng nh.
a hnh bng phng ni, i hoc cao
nguyn (Hill, 1900,). Ss: plateau plain.
mesabite [9252] : mesabit.
Loi goethit mu vng Mesabi Range
Minnesota.
mesentery [9253] : mng tia.
Phin tht hay l m mm xp sp hng
tm, bm vo mt trong ca a ming v vch
ct polyp san h.
mesh [9254] : li.
Li phn t phn tch bi ton c hc
t, ; li thp, hoc li vt liu a k thut
bo v mi dc hoc gia c nn.
mesh texture [9255] : cu to mt li.
mesobreccia [9256] : trung dm kt.
Dm kt to thnh do sp ming ni la.
mesocratic [9257] : mu trung bnh.
Dng cho cc magma c thnh phn
khong vt sm mu v sng mu gn bng
nhau.
mesocrystalline [9258] : kt tinh trung bnh.
Kin trc magma v cc trm tch ti
kt tinh vi cc tinh th c kch thc 0,2-
0,75mm. Kin trc carbonat, trm tch c
kch thc ht 0,05-1,0mm.
Mesogea [9259] : Mesogea.
Tn c s dng ch yu Php ch bin
Tethys. Cn c vit Mesogaea.
mesogeosyncline [9260] : a mng gia.
a mng nm gia hai lc a v c cung
cp vt liu t hai lc a .
mesograined [9261] : kt ht trung bnh (tt).
Kin trc ca trm tch carbonat c mnh
vn vi kch thc dao ng trong khong 0,05-
1,0mm. C tc gi cho l 0,1-1,0mm.
mesogyrate [9262] : cong vo tm.
Ni v nh ca Thn mm hai mnh c m
cong vo tm mnh v.
mesolite [9263] : mesolit.
Khong vt zeolit: Na2Ca2Al6Si9O30.8H2O,
thnh phn trung gian gia natrolit v scolecit
v thng c mu trng hoc khng mu, tinh
th hnh kim trong basalt dng hnh nhn.
n: cotton stone.
mesomicroline [9264] : mesomicrolin.
Khong vt gi h n nghing ca nhm
feldspar kim: KAlSi3O8, loi trung gian gia
microlin v orthoclas.
mesoperthite [9265] : mesoperthit.
388
 Loi hp cht feldspar c s lng feldspar
kali v plagioclas bng nhau (plagioclas l albit
v oligoclas), thnh phn ca n chim v tr
trung gian gia perthit v antiperthit.
n: eutectoperthite.
Mesophytic [9266] : Trung thc vt.
Phn v c thc vt ca thi gian a cht
nh du thi gian nm gia s ra i ca thc
vt Ht trn v s ra i ca thc vt Ht kn.
mesosoma [9267] : on thn gia, phn
mnh.
Phn gia ca c th mt s ng vt khng
xng sng.
mesosphere [9268] : Manti di.
Phn di ca manti, ni cc qu trnh kin
to ca Tri t khng xy ra.
mesostasis [9269] : mesostasic.
Vt liu lp y hnh thnh sau cng, hoc l
thy tinh, n tinh trong cc magma.
mesothermal [9270] : nhit va.
Lin quan n kh hu, c c trng bi
nhit va phi.
mesotourmalite [9271] : mesotourmalin.
tourmalit cha tourmalin vi hm lng
5-50%.
mesotrophic water [9272]: nc trung dng.
Nc c dinh dng trung bnh i vi
sinh vt.
Mesozoic [9273] : Mesozoi, Trung sinh.
i th hai ca Phanerozoi, chim khong
thi gian t sau Paleozoi n trc Cenozoi, tc
l khong 65 triu nm n 225 triu nm v
trc, tng ng vi gii Mesozoi do Phillips
(1841) xc lp, gm ba h Trias, Jura v Creta.
n: age of gymnosperms; age of reptiles;
Secondary.
mesozone [9274] : mesozon, i trung gian.
Theo phn loi, i trung gian theo su
bin cht vi nhit 300-500oC, p sut thy
tnh v p sut nn p trung bnh.
messelite [9275] : meselit.
Khong vt: Ca4Fe2(PO4)4.5H2O.
n: neomesselite.
Messinian [9276] : Messini.
Bc c xc lp theo a danh Messina
Italia, l bc ca thi a tng quc t, phn trn
cng ca Miocen (nm trn Torton, nm di
Zancl).
meta aluminite [9277] : meta-aluminit.
Khong vt: Al2(SO4)(OH)4.5H2O.
meta alunogen [9278] : meta-alunogen.
Khong vt: Al4(SO4)6.27H2O.
meta ankoleite [9279] : meta-ankoleit.
Khong vt th sinh mu vng:
K2(UO2)2(PO4)2.6H2O.
meta autunite [9280] : meta-autunit.
Khong vt th sinh mu vng:
Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2.2-6H2O, xut hin khng
trc tip trong t nhin m l nhng mu trong
bo tng ca autunit, mt phn b kh hydrat.
Ss: para- autunite.
metabasite [9281] : metabasit.
Ch chung cho cc mafic b bin cht lm
mt cc kin trc, du hiu ban u v ti kt
tinh hon ton.
metablastesis [9282] : metablastes.
1- Ti kt tinh v pht trin khong vt hoc
mt nhm khong vt.
2- Ti kt tinh trong iu kin ng ha.
metabolism of rocks [9283] : bin i t sinh.
Qu trnh ti phn b vt liu (huy ng, vn
chuyn v tch t li) trong trm tch khng
c s a thm vt liu t ngoi.
metabolite [9284] : metabolit.
Dng cho lasenit b bin i. (Thut ng c).
metaborite [9285] : metaborit.
Khong vt mu trng: HBO2, l bin th lp
phng ca axid metaboric.
metacarbonatite [9286] : metacarbonatit.
carbonat hoc silicat-carbonat to bi s
thay th cc khc.
metacinabar [9287] : meta-thn sa.
Khong vt ng thc mu en: HgS, ng
hnh vi thn sa v c trng cho qung thy
ngn. n: metacinabarite, saukovite.
metaclase [9288] : metaclas.
Thut ng dng cho b phn phin
th sinh.
metacolloid [9289] : keo bin i, metacoloid.
Keo kt tinh nh serpophit.
metacryst [9290] : ban bin tinh.
Cc tinh th ln pht trin trong bin cht
bng qu trnh ti kt tinh (granat, andaluzit,
storolit,...). n: metacrystal.
metacrystal [9291] : bin i tinh th.
n: metacryst.
metadelrioite [9292] : metadelrioit.
Khong vt h n nghing: CaSrV2O6(OH)2.
metahaiweeite [9293] : metahaiweeit.
Khong vt th sinh: Ca(UO2)Si6O15.nH2O,
n<5, l haiweeit b kh hydrat.
metaheinrichite [9294] : metaheinrichit.
Khong vt th sinh mu vng n xanh:
Ba(UO2)2(AsO4)2.8H2O. Ss: heinrichite.
metahewettite [9295] : metahewettit.
Khong vt mu : CaV6O16.9H2O, ging
389
hewetit b kh hydrat.
metahohmanite [9296] : metahohmanit.
Khong vt mu vng cam:
Fe2(SO4)2(OH)2.3H2O, c to thnh do mt
b phn ca hohmanit b kh hydrat.
metajennite [9297] : metajenit.
Khong vt: Na2Ca8Si5O19.7H2O.
metakahlerite [9298] : metakahlerit.
Khong vt th sinh mu xanh vng nht:
Fe(UO2)2(AsO4)2.8H2O.
metakaolinite [9299] : metakaolinit.
Sn phm trung gian khi kaolinit b nung
nng 500oC v 850oC, kaolinit kh hydrat nhn
to. n: metakaoline.
metakichheimerite [9300] : metakicheimerit.
Khong vt mu hng nht:
Co(UO2) (AsO4)2. 8H2O.
metakottigite [9301] : metakotigit.
Khong vt:
(Zn,Fe+3)(Zn,Fe+3,Fe+2)2(AsO4)2.8(H2O,OH),
ng hnh vi kotigit v cha (Zn, Fe) tng t
vi symplesit.
metal [9302] : kim loi.
Kim loi l nhng nguyn t ho hc to nn
trng thi t do nhng n cht cha lin kt
kim loi. Ngi ta bit ti 87 nguyn t kim
loi. C s cu trc ca kim loi l mng tinh
th bao gm nhng ion dng chm ngp trong
electron dy c, chuyn ng. Nhng electron
b tr lc y gia cc ion dng v bng cch
lin kt cc ion li thnh vt th rn. Kiu
lin kt ho hc gi l lin kt kim loi. Lin
kt kim loi to nn nhng tnh cht vt l quan
trng nht ca kim loi nh tnh do, dn in,
dn nhit, nh kim. Nguyn t kim loi d dng
cho electron, bin thnh ion tch in dng.
Bi vy kim loi l cht kh tt. l tnh cht
ha hc ch yu v chung nht ca kim loi. L
cht kh, kim loi tc dng vi cc cht oxy ha
khc nhau. Hp cht ca kim loi vi oxy gi l
oxid, vi halogen gi l halogenua, vi lu
hunh gi l sulfua, vi phosphor gi l
phosphua, vi carbon gi l carbua, v.v.
metal bearing [9303] : cha kim loi, c kim
loi, cha qung.
metal bearing occurrence [9304] : l (vt
l) qung.
metal bearing structure [9305] : cu trc
cha qung, mang qung.
metal content [9306] : hm lng kim loi.
metalcalciouranoite [9307] : metalcalcio-
uranoit.
Khong vt: (Ca,Na,Ba)U2O7.2H2O.
n: metacaltsuranoit.
metallic [9308] : kim loi.
metallic accumulation [9309] : tch t qung.
metallic compounds [9310] : thnh phn
kim loi.
metallic deposit [9311] : m qung.
metallic luster [9312] : nh kim loi.
metallic mineral [9313] : khong vt qung.
metallic vein [9314] : mch qung.
metalliferous [9315] : cha kim loi,
cha qung.
M khong m t c th khai thc c
kim loi.
metalliferous accumulation [9316] : tp hp
mang qung, tch t qung.
metalliferous deposit [9317] : m qung.
metalliferous mineral [9318] : khong
vt qung.
metalline [9319] : cha kim loi.
metallites [9320] : tn chung cho cc loi
qung, vt liu cha kim loi.
metallization [9321] : qung ha, khong ha
kim loi.
Qu trnh thm nhp ca kim loi vo nham
thch, to nn m c gi tr kinh t; khong ha
kim loi (the metallization of metals).
metallize [9322] : kim loi ha, bin thnh
kim loi.
metallized hood [9323] : vm nh qung ha.
Vm, nc trn cng ca batholit, l khu vc
u tin c s ng c sau xm nhp v c th
cha ng hu nh tt c cc thn qung ha
nhit dch ca chnh xm nhp . Thut ng
c Emmons a ra vo nm 1943.
metallogenetic [9324]: sinh khong, sinh kim.
n: metallogenic.
metallogenic [9325] : sinh khong, sinh kim.
Dt: metallogeny. n: metallogenetic; mine-
rogenic; minerogenetic.
metallogenic element [9326] : nguyn t sinh
khong, nguyn t sinh kim.
Mt nguyn t t sinh hoc to thnh cc
sulfua, selenua, telua, arsenua,... trong v Tri
t.
metallogenic epoch [9327] : thi i sinh
khong.
L mt khong thi gian xc nh trong lch
s pht trin a cht ca v Tri t, c hot
ng kin to-magma mnh m, lin quan vi
thnh to cc m khong c ngun gc magma,
bin cht v c xc nh bi cc iu kin
thun li v kh hu, a hnh i vi s thnh
to cc m ngoi sinh (trm tch, phong ho). V
390
d: thi i sinh khong Hercyn (Varis),
Alps, v.v.
metallogenic map [9328] : bn
sinh khong.
L mt loi bn th hin quy lut thnh
to v phn b trong khng gian v theo thi
gian ca khong ho mt lnh th xc nh.
Cc yu t ch yu thng c th hin trn
bn sinh khong l cu trc a cht kin to,
hot ng magma, s thay i tng trm tch,
cc loi hnh ngun gc ca khong ho, v.v.
Trn c s ch r cc din tch, cc loi hnh
khong ho c trin vng phc v cho vic xc
nh phng hng hot ng tm kim thm d
khong sn.
metallogenic province [9329] : tnh
sinh khong.
L mt n v sinh khong thnh to trong
mt lnh th a cht hon chnh, c chiu di
v chiu rng ti hng trm km vi iu kin
sinh khong xc nh. V d: tnh sinh khong
Ty Karpat, tnh sinh khong Caledonit
Scandinave, v.v.
metallogeny [9330] : sinh khong, sinh
khong hc.
B mn khoa hc nghin cu quy lut thnh
to v phn b ca khong sn trong khng gian
v thi gian.
metalodevite [9331] : metalodevit.
Khong vt nhm meta-autunit :
Zn(UO2)2(AsO4)2.10H2O.
metal ridge [9332] : ct qung.
metaluminous [9333] : bo ha nhm.
Cc magma c lng phn t oxid nhm
ln hn tng oxid kim nhng nh hn tng
oxid kim v oxid calci. Mt trong s nhm
magma phn loi trn c s mc bo ha
oxid nhm.
metamarble [9334] : hoa.
Cc carbonat b bin cht c ngha
thng mi do c th s dng nh p lt.
metamict [9335] : metamict.
Khong vt cha nhng nguyn t phng x,
trong c s ph v mng mc khc
nhau v thay i v tr do s phn hy phng x,
nhng hnh dng nguyn sinh bn ngoi vn duy
tr nh: zircon, thori v nhng khong vt khc.
Khng phi tt c khong vt cha nguyn t
phng x u l metamict, v d nh: xenotim
v apatit.
metamorphic [9336] : bin cht.
metamorphic assemblage [9337] : t hp cc
khong vt bin cht; phc h bin cht.
metamorphic aureole [9338] : vnh bin cht.
n: aureole.
metamorphic complex [9339] : phc h
bin cht.
Tp hp cc bin cht c cc c im
chung v a tng v bin cht khu vc.
metamorphic convergence [9340] : giao thoa
bin cht.
Thut ng ch hai qu trnh bin cht giao
thoa t hai pha i lp nhng to nn mt sn
phm bin cht. V d, trong cng nhit ,
diorit c th bin cht git li v st vi dolomit
bin cht tin trin thnh cng mt actinolit-
epidot-clorit.
metamorphic core complex [9341] : phc h
bin cht kiu ht nhn.
Khi nng dng vm ring bit ca cc
bin cht c a ln bi cc t gy, phn b
ri rc dc trc cc i cu trc nng.
metamorphic correlation [9342] : i snh
bin cht.
Xc nh cc tng ng c im bin cht
gia cc c thnh phn ban u khc nhau
nhng bin cht cng mc , hoc gia cc
bin cht v cha b bin cht.
metamorphic differentiation [9343] : phn d
bin cht.
Bng cc qu trnh khc nhau, khong vt
hoc t hp khong vt b phn tch ra t ban
u ng nht trong qu trnh bin cht. V d:
ban bin tinh granat (garnet) v tp hp thch
anh mica trong phin mica.
metamorphic diffusion [9344] : khuch tn
bin cht.
Qu trnh di chuyn, khuch tn vt cht t
phn ny sang phn khc ca trong qu trnh
bin cht. Qu trnh khuch tn bao gm cc
dung dch ha hc linh ng t ngun magma,
nc nng l hng, nc kh tch ra t cc
khong vt cha nc, carbonat hoc c th
ch khuch tn trng thi cng.
metamorphic facies [9345] : tng bin cht.
Cc tng bin cht th hin s cn bng kt
tinh ca trong gii hn iu kin nht nh
ca nhit , p sut thy tnh, p sut hi nc.
metamorphic facies series [9346] : lot tng
bin cht.
Nhm cc tng bin cht c trng cho
vng hoc lot trm tch ring bit, th hin bi
lot cc ng cong nhit p sut ca cc
kiu bin cht khc nhau.
metamorphic grade [9347] : mc
bin cht.
391
 Mc bin cht phn nh mc khc
nhau gia ban u v bin cht m qu
trnh bin cht xy ra. V d: s bin cht
phin st thnh phylit xy ra mc bin cht
thp (tng phin lc); thnh phin
granat-silimanit xy ra mc cao hn (tng
amphibolit almandin).
metamorphic overprint [9348] : bin
cht chng.
n: overprint.
metamorphic rank [9349] : mc bin cht.
n: metamorphic grade.
metamorphic rock [9350] : bin cht.
1- Gneis v phin kt tinh.
2- bin cht to thnh t cc c trc
bng cc bin i khong vt, cu trc, ch yu
trong trng thi rn phn su ca v Tri t
hoc trong bi cnh a cht nht nh khc vi
iu kin ha l ban u ca , ph hp vi
s thay i nhit , p sut, mi trng a
ho.
metamorphic subfacies [9351] : ph tng
bin cht.
Mt phn ca tng bin cht, phn chia trn
c s khc bit ca cc t hp khong vt. Nn
s dng cc ph tng mt cch thn trng, bi
l chng thng ch c ngha cc b. Hin nay
c xu hng loi b ph tng.
metamorphic terrane [9352] : mnh cu trc
bin cht, teran bin cht, a khu bin cht,
khi bin cht.
Cu trc a cht c trng bi s bin cht
ng k vi tp hp khong vt, cu to mi lm
mt i cc c im phn tng ban u v phn
bit r rng vi cc thnh to a cht vy
quanh.
metamorphic water [9353] : nc bin cht.
Nc c hnh thnh do qu trnh bin cht
ca nham thch, chuyn t trng thi lin kt
trong tinh th khong vt v l hng t sang
trng thi t do.
metamorphic zoning [9354] : phn i
bin cht
n: zoning.
metamorphism [9355] : hot ng bin cht.
Qu trnh bin i khong vt, thnh phn
ha hc, cu trc ca rn ph hp vi iu
kin ha, l khc vi iu kin ca ban u.
metamorphite [9356] : bin cht.
n: metamorphic rock.
metanovacekite [9357] : metanovacekit.
Khong vt mu vng:
Mg(UO2)2 (AsO4)2.4-8H2O c to thnh do
mt phn ovacekit b kh hydrat.
metaquartzite [9358] : metaquarzit.
Quarzit to bi ti kt tinh bin cht.
metarossite [9359] : metarosit.
Khong vt mu vng sng hoc vng-xanh
nht: CaV2O6.2H2O, c to thnh do rosit b
kh hydrat.
metaschoderite [9360] : metaschoderit.
Khong vt h n nghing :
Al2(PO4)(VO4).6H2O, c to thnh do
schoderit b kh hydrat.
metaschoepite [9361] : metaschoepit.
Khong vt: UO3. nH2O, n<2, c to thnh
do Shoepit b kh hydrat.
metasediment [9362] : trm tch b
bin cht.
metaseptum [9363] : vch sinh sau.
Loi vch chnh san h n th, khc vi
vch nguyn thy, ni chung phn bit bi s
ko di v pha trc vt xa cc vch th yu.
metasom [9364] : metasom.
n: metasome.
metasoma [9365] : on thn sau, phn bng.
Phn sau ca c th mt s ng vt khng
xng sng.
metasomasis [9366] : qu trnh bin cht.
n: metasomatism.
metasomatic [9367] : bin cht trao i.
Thuc v qu trnh bin cht trao i v cc
sn phm ca n, v ngun gc cc
khong sng.
metasomatic rock [9368] : bin cht
trao i.
metasomatism [9369] : qu trnh bin cht
trao i.
Qu trnh thm thu, ha tan theo mao dn
v to thnh cc khong vt mi. Hin nay dng
ch qu trnh thay i thnh phn khong vt
v kin trc do cc cht lng, kh hot ng tch
cc trong v do cc vt liu mang vo.
metasomatite [9370] : bin cht trao i.
metasome [9371] : metasom.
1- S thay th pht trin ca khong vt trn
khong vt khc (khong vt ch hoc paleo-
som); ht khong vt to thnh do bin cht trao
i.
2- Phn mi thnh to ca migmatit hoc th
mi to trong qu trnh bin cht thay i.
metastasis [9372] : kt tinh ca thy tinh ni
la hoc ti kt tinh vi.
metatect [9373] : metatect.
Dung dch hoc phn linh ng ca mig-
matit.
392
 metatectite [9374] : metatectit.
basic trong magma anatexit b thay i
thnh phn khong vt v cu trc bi qu trnh
bin cht trao i.
metatexis [9375] : metatexis.
Anatexit mc thp c ngha l mt phn
vt cht b nng chy.
metatexite [9376] : metatexit.
hnh thnh do qu trnh metatexit.
metathenardite [9377] : metathenardit.
Khong vt thenardik a hnh (h su
phng) c trng cho nhit cao v thnh to
l kh phun vng Martique Island.
metatorbernite [9378] : metatorbernit.
Khong vt th sinh mu xanh :
Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2.8H2O, cha t nc hn
Torbernit.
metatyuyamunite [9379] : metatyuyamunit.
Khong vt th sinh mu vng:
Ca(UO2)2(VO4)2.3-5H2O.
meta uranocircite [9380] : meta-uranocircit.
Khong vt nhm meta-autunit:
Ba(UO2)2(PO4)2.8H2O.
meta uranopilite [9381] : meta-uranopilit.
Khong vt mu vng, xm nht, nu hoc
xanh: (UO2)6(SO4)(OH)10.5H2O, c thnh to
do mt phn uranopilit b kh hydrat.
meta uranospinite [9382] : meta-uranospinit.
Khong vt th sinh mu vng:
Ca(UO2)(AsO4)2.8H2O, c to thnh do
mt phn uranospinit b kh hydrat.
metavandendriesscheite [9383 : metavanden-
driescheit.
Khong vt: PbU7O22.nH2O vi n<12.
metavanmeersscheite [9384] : metavanmer-
scheit.
Khong vt : U(UO2)3(PO4)2(OH)6.2H2O.
Ss: vanmeersheit.
metavanuralite [9385] : metavanuralit.
Khong vt: Al(UO2)2(VO4)2 (OH). 8H2O.
metavariscite [9386] : metavariscit.
Khong vt h n nghing, mu xanh:
AlPO4.2H2O, ng hnh vi Variscit v Phos-
phosiderit.
metavauxite [9387] : metavauxit.
Khong vt khng mu: Fe+2Al2(PO4)2(OH)2.
8H2O, cha nhiu nc hn Vauxit, nhng t
nc hn paravauxit.
metavivianite [9388] : metavivianit.
Khong vt: Fe+23(PO4)2.8H2O, ng hnh
vi vivianit.
metavolcanics [9389] : ni la b bin cht.
bin cht cn r cc du hiu ca ni gii cc bi ton gii tch v s tr cn tha mn
la.
metavoltine [9390] : metavoltin.
Khong vt: K2Na6Fe+2F+36(SO4)12O2.18H2O.
metaxite [9391] : metaxit.
Khong vt serpentin dng si; mt
dng Crysotil.
metazellerite [9392] : metazelerit.
Khong vt th sinh mu vng:
Ca(UO2)2(AsO4)2.8H2O.
metazeunerite [9393] : metazeunerit.
Khong vt th sinh mu xanh:
Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2.8H2O, cha t nc hn
zeunerit.
meteoric [9394] : kh tng, kh quyn.
meteoric water [9395] : nc kh quyn.
Nc c ngun gc t kh quyn (ma,
tuyt,...).
meteorology [9396] : kh tng hc.
Khoa hc v kh quyn Tri t, chuyn
nghin cu s vn ng ca khng kh v cc
hin tng xy ra trong kh quyn: ma bo,
ging t, sm st.
methane [9397] : methan.
Mt loi hydrocarbon, cng thc CH4 tn ti
di dng kh trong iu kin trn mt t, l
thnh phn ca phn ln loi kh thin nhin.
Methan khng mu, khng mi, d chy.
Methan hnh thnh do tc dng ca vi khun
hoc bng con ng v c do qu trnh phn
gii nhit cao.
method invert probability [9398] : phng
php xc sut ngc.
y l phng php nhn dng c kim nh.
Tp hp s o c thc t (s liu a vt l, a
ho,...) c so snh vi mt tp hp s chun
(tp mu) bng h s P (0<=P<=1). |P| cng cao
th kh nng hai tp hp ging nhau cng cao.
methods of stress analysis [9399] : cc
phng php phn tch ng sut.
Cc phng php phn tch ng sut nhm
tm hiu c im phn b trng ng sut trc
khi tin hnh thi cng cng trnh, la chn a
im thi cng ti u, d bo trc nhng phn
ng, dch chuyn c th xy ra trong t
trong v sau khi thi cng, v nh liu trc cc
bin php gii quyt. Cc phng php phn
tch ng sut bao gm xy dng cc m hnh vt
l, n gin ha cc vn thc t gp trong v
sau khi thi cng thnh cc bi ton n gin c
th gii bng cc phng php gii tch, v m
hnh ha bng cc phng php s nh phn t
hu hn, phn t bin, phn t tch bit, v.v.
393
nhng iu kin nh: iu kin bin; phng
trnh cn bng vi phn; phng trnh cu thnh
v hnh vi ca vt cht; v phng trnh tng
hp bin dng. n: computational method of
stress analysis.
Mexican onyx [9400] : m no Mexico.
hoa m no dng di mu vng nu hoc
nu lc.
meyerhofferite [9401] : meyerhoferit.
Khong vt h n nghing, khng mu:
Ca2B6O11.7H2O, sn phm bin i ca Inyoit.
meymacite [9402] : meymacit.
Khong vt mu vng sng, nh nha:
WO3.2H2O.
meymechite [9403] : meymechit.
siu mafic bao gm nhiu ban tinh olivin
trong nn giu serpentin hoc thy tinh. Cc nh
thch lun Nga coi l tng ng phun tro
ca kimberlit.
mgal [9404] : mili Gal.
n v o trng lc c s dng trong thm
d trng lc: mGal = 10-3Gal.
mgritte [9405] : mgrit.
Khong vt: (Cu,Fe)3AsSe3.
MHHW [9406] : mc nc cng trung bnh
ln nht.
n: mean higher high water.
MHW [9407] : mc nc cng trung bnh.
n: mean high water.
MI [9408] : ch s mafic.
Vit tt ca mafic index.
mianthite [9409] : mianthit.
Th t hoc mnh st sm mu trong
anatexit.
miarolitic [9410] : cu to tinh hc,
tinh hc.
1- Cc l, hc hnh dng phc tp trong
magma, c bit trong granit, trong mc ra
cc tinh th to .
2- Cc c cu to tinh hc.
miaskite [9411] : miaskit.
Syenit nephelin cha oligocla, microperthit,
biotit .
mica [9412] : mica.
1- Nhm khong vt c chung cng thc:
(K,Na,Ca) (Mg,Fe,Li,Al)2-3 (Al,Si)4 O10 (OH,F)2,
bao gm phc hp silicat dng l, kt tinh trong
h su phng nhng thng l h n nghing.
Mica c c trng bi cng thp, ct khai
hon ton, tch c thnh tng phin mng,
bn, do, nh kim long lanh vi thang mu t
khng mu n trng bc, nu nht, hoc vng
n xanh hoc en. Mica l khong vt to
ch yu ca magma v bin cht. Tm mica
c dng lm cht cch in, sn, thuc mu
v tc nhn ht bi. Ss: brittle mica.
n: isinglass; glimmer.
2- Nhng khong vt nhm mica gm:
muscovit, biotit, lepidolit, zinwaldit, roscoelit,
paragonit v sericit.
micaceous [9413] : cha mica, khong vt
ging mica.
micaceous iron ore [9414] : speccularit
(hematit dng vy).
micaceous quartzite [9415] : quarzit cha
mica.
Ct kt cha 70-95% thch anh, silic, quarzit
bin cht, 5-15% mica, cc mnh bin cht
cha mica, 0-10% feldspar v mnh kt tnh.
micaceous shale [9416] : phin cha mica.
phin mu xm, xm nu, phn phin tt,
cha nhiu muscovit dc cc mt phn phin v
nn gm sericit v st.
mica plate [9417] : tm mica.
Trong knh hin vi phn cc, dng tm
muscovit xc nh du quang hc, hnh giao
thoa. Mu giao thoa ca n trong nh sng trng
l mu trng (sng), xm trung bnh.
n: quarter-wave plate.
micarelle [9418] : micarel.
Loi mica gi hnh scapolit.
mica schist [9419] : phin mica.
phin gm ch yu mica v thch anh.
Cu to phin do s phn b song song cc
vy mica.
michenerite [9420] : michenerit.
Khong vt ng thc: (Pd,Pt)BiTe.
micro ophitic [9421] : kin trc vi ophit, cc
c kin trc vi ophit.
Kin trc ophit ca magma ch phn bit
c di knh hin vi.
microaphanitic [9422] : n tinh.
n: crystocrystalline.
microcline perthite [9423] : microclin-perthit.
S pht trin xen k gia microlin v
plagioclas.
microclinite [9424] : microclinit.
Syenit ch gm microclin.
microconch [9425] : v nh.
V trng thnh ca Chn u c phng, v
mi mt ging cc v ln hn trong cng qun
th ha thch, ngoi tr kch thuc v cc bin
i c bit ming. Hin nay, cc v nh c
coi ni chung l thuc con c.
microcontinent [9426] : vi lc a.
Mt mnh bit lp ca v lc a. Mt vng
394
cao nguyn bin. Phm vi c cu trc lc a
nhng quy m nh.
microcrater [9427] : vi h thin thch.
n: micrometeorite crater.
microcryptocrystalline [9428] : vi n tinh.
n: crystocrystalline.
microcrystal [9429] : n tinh, vi tinh th.
Tinh th ch c th nhn r di knh hin vi.
microcrystalline [9430] : kin trc vi tinh.
Kin trc ca bao gm cc tinh th, m
ch nhn bit c di knh hin vi, kch thc
tinh th 0,001-0,2 mm ty theo cc nh thch
hc.
microdelta [9431] : delta nh.
Tam gic chu hoc c quy m nh, nhn
chung khng rng qu vi mt, c mt mt trt
l, trn tch t cc trm tch sn chu th
chm ngp. N c hnh thc nh mt n ct,
hoc mt gn ct ln nhng khng thy c dng
ging nh sng lp li, khng c sn nghing
pht trin r. Cng vit: micro-delta.
microearthquake [9432] : vi ng t.
Cc trn ng t yu c magnitude ca sng
th tch nh hn 2 Richter.
microelement [9433] : nguyn t vi lng-vi
nguyn t.
Nguyn t ha hc tn ti trong mi trng
(t , nc, khng kh, c th sinh vt...) vi
hm lng rt nh. n: minor element; trace
element.
microeutaxitic [9434] : vi eutaxit, vi phn di.
Cu to vi phn di (vi eutaxit) ca mt s
magma.
microfabric [9435] : vi cu to.
microfauna [9436] : h vi ng vt.
1- H ng vt ang sng hoc ha thch
qu nh khng thy c bng mt thng.
2- Mt thut ng c ch mt nhm ng vt
rt nh hoc rt a phng, nhng ng vt c
vng sinh sng nh hp.
microfelsitic [9437] : n tinh.
n: crytocrystalline.
microfissure [9438] : vi khe nt.
Khe nt nh, vi khe nt trong hoc t.
microforaminifera [9439] : trng l hin vi.
1- V trong bng cht chitin ca mt s
Trng l, hu nh lun lun cun xon, thng
gp trong khi gia cng bo t phn hoa trm tch
bin; chng nh hn nhiu nhng Trng l
nguyn vn "bnh thng nhng c nhng c
im c th nhn ra c ca nhng loi
"bnh thng.
2- Nhng Trng l nh hn nhiu nhng
dng thng thy v thng nghin cu.
microfossil [9440] : vi ho thch.
Mt ho thch qu nh m khi nghin cu
phi cn knh hin vi, v d nh Trng l, Rng
nn. N c th l di tch ca mt sinh vt hin vi
hoc mt phn ca mt sinh vt ln hn.
microgranular [9441] : kin trc vi ht, vi
tinh, c kin trc vi ht, vi tinh.
micrographic [9442] : kin trc vi vn ch,
c kin trc vi vn ch.
microlaterolog [9443] : vi carota sn.
Mt dng carota sn s dng h cc in
cc thu pht ngn o in tr sut dung dch
khoan v o in tr sut ca cc cht lu nm
trong lp nm st thnh ging khoan.
microlifecryst [9444] : vi tinh.
Tinh th rt nh, nhng c th xc nh tnh
cht quang hc di nh sng phn cc ca knh
hin vi.
microline [9445] : microlin.
Khong vt mu trng n xm -gch hoc
xanh ca nhm feldspar-kali: KAlSi3O8, bin th
ca feldspar kali h n nghing v ng hnh
vi orthoclas nhng n nh nhit thp hn,
thng cha mt t natri. Microlin l khong vt
to ch yu ca granit, pegmatit v thng l
khong vt th sinh ca orthoclass. Microlin c
trng bi song tinh ch thp.
microlite [9446] : microlit.
Khong vt ng thc mu vng nht,
nht, nu hoc en thuc nhm pyroclor:
(Na,Ca)2 (Ta,Nb)2 O6(O,OH,F), ng hnh vi
pyroclor, Ta ln hn Nb, thng cha uran v
titan. Microlit c trong pegmatit-granit v trong
pegmatit, quan h vi magma kim. Microlit
cng l khong vt qung tantan. Microlit ng
cu trc vi cestibtantit. n: djalmaite.
microlith [9447] : microlith.
n: microlite.
microlithology [9448] : vi thch lun.
Nghin cu cc c im ca di knh
hin vi.
microlitic [9449] : kin trc microlitic, kin
trc vi tinh.
Kin trc porphyr ca magma, trong
phn nn gm tp hp vi tinh th gia thy tinh
hoc tp hp n tinh.
microlog [9450] : vi carota.
Dng carota in tr hoc vi carota in tr
s dng cc thit b thu pht ngn o in tr
sut dung dch khoan cng nh cc cht lu nm
st thnh ging khoan.
micromeritic [9451] : kin trc vi tinh.
395
 n: microcrystalline.
micrometeorite [9452] : vi thin thch.
Thin thch hoc cc mnh thin thch c
ng knh nh hn 1mm. Cc ht ny bay qua
kh quyn khng b bc hi hay chy nn khng
b bin i.
micrometeorite crater [9453] : vi h
thin thch.
Cc h nh ng knh vi mm, to nn do
cc ht thin thch va vo b mt Mt trng.
micronutrient elements [9454] : vi cht dinh
dng, nguyn t dinh dng vi lng.
Nhng nguyn t cn cho s sng ca con
ngi v sinh vt vi mt lng rt nh nh Fe,
Cu, Zn, Mn, B, Mo, Co, I, Se, F, Cr, Sn, Ni,
V, Si,...
micropaleontology [9455] : vi c sinh vt hc.
Mt ngnh c sinh vt hc nghin cu cc
ha thch nh n mc khng th khng cn
n knh hin vi, mn nghin cu vi ha thch.
micropegmatite [9456] : micropegmatit.
micropegmatitic [9457] : kin trc vi vn ch.
microphyric [9458] : kin trc microphyr;
c kin trc microphyr.
Kin trc porphyr ca cc magma, trong
cc ban tinh c kch thc ca vi tinh (<0,2
mm).
micropoikilitic [9459] : kin trc vi khm;
c kin trc vi khm.
Kin trc khm ca magma ch nhn bit
c di knh hin vi.
micropollutant [9460] : cht gy nhim
vi lng.
Cht gy nhim mi trng ngay c
lng vt.
micropore [9461] : l hng nh.
L hng c kch thc nh gi nc kh nng nghin cu chi tit lt ct a cht nm
chng li sc ht trng lc v ngn khng cho
nc chy.
microporphyritic [9462]: kin trc micro-
phyr; c kin trc microphyr.
n: microphyric.
microsauria [9463] : vi lng c.
Mt b ca Lng c c t sng lm hai
mt, kch thc c th nh b, hnh dng ging
K nhng hoc Rn. Tui: t Carbon sm n
Permi sm.
microseism [9464] : vi a chn.
Khi nim c s dng trong thm d a
chn ch cc dao ng t nhin ca mt t im gia ca v nh vnh.
do cc hot ng ca th gii t nhin nh: gi,
ma, hot ng ca con ngi, cc phng tin
giao thng gy ra. Cc dao ng trn tn ti mt
cch c lp vi cc dao ng do ngun pht a
chn to ra trong mi trng a cht v to
thnh phng nhiu gy tr ngi cho vic thu
thp cc sng a chn c ch i t ngun pht
v phn x, khc x t cc ranh gii a cht
quay tr v mt t.
microseismic activity [9465] : hot ng
vi chn.
microsommite [9466] : microsomit.
Khong vt nhm cancrinit:
(Na,Ca,K)9(Si,Al)12O24(Cl,SO4,CO3)2-3.
microspherulitic [9467] : kin trc vi hnh
cu, c kin trc vi hnh cu.
Kin trc hnh cu ca magma ch nhn
bit c di knh hin vi.
microstylolite [9468] : vi stylolit.
Trn b mt tinh th c cc li lm nh hn
1mm, minh chng cho s ha tan phn d gia
cc ht ca khong vt.
microtectonics [9469] : vi kin to.
Nghin cu cu to phm vi nh, hin vi.
microtektite [9470] : microtektit.
Vt th thy tinh, nh hn 1mm, thng hnh
cu, gp trong trm tch bin su, c l lin quan
n tektit.
microtinite [9471] : microtinit.
magma sng mu, ht th c trng kin
trc monzonit v tn ti plagioclas lng bng
nh thy tinh, gp dng bao th trong dung
nham ni la.
microvermicular [9472]: kin trc vi con tm.
Kin trc vi cc tinh th mc ghp dng
con tm ch nhn bit c di knh hin vi.
microwave [9473]:sng micro, sng cc ngn.
Cc sng in t c bc sng t 1mm n
1m. Cc sng ny v c bc sng ngn nn c
st mt t. Chng c nghin cu trong
phng php raa a cht (phng php
georada). Mt phng php thm d in c
p dng rt hiu qu gii quyt cc nhim v
a cht cng trnh v a cht mi trng.
mictite [9474] : mictit.
ht th hnh thnh do hn nhim, ng
ha mt phn hoc hon ton cc mnh vy
quanh bi magma nhit tng i thp,
phn trn ca v.
mid bay bar [9475] : ct gia vnh.
ct hnh thnh ngang qua vnh mt s
midalkalite [9476] : syenit nephelin.
middle [9477] : gia, trung.
Gn lin vi cc hay cc lp trung gian
396
gia thi k sm v thi k mun. Tnh t ph
tr cho vic s dng tn ca phn v thi gian
a cht (h, thng, bc), ch th cho mi quan
h xc nh v tng ng v thi gian cho phn
trung (gia) khi s dng tn ca a nin biu
tng ng. Nh th batolit Jura trung l s
xm nhp xy ra trong th Jura gia. Mu t u
tin ca thut ng c vit hoa ch th cho s
phn chia chnh thc (nh Middle Devonian-
Devon trung) v ch thng ch th cho s phn
chia khng chnh thc (middle Miocene-Miocen
trung). Thut ng khng chnh thc c th s
dng bng cch chia nh khng chnh thc cho
h, hoc thng.
mid-ocean canyon [9478] : vc bin su,
thung lng ngm gia bin.
Dng a hnh kiu vc ko di, vch ng
gia i dng, ngm di nc bin.
mid-ocean ridge [9479] : di ni ngm gia
i dng, ni ngm gia bin.
Di ni ngm nm gia i dng c biu
hin a chn, tch gin ko di t bc n nam
nh i Ty Dng, n Dng v nam
Thi Bnh Dng. Thng b ph hy, c cu
to rift trung tm, a hnh li lm phc tp,
ni cao t 1-3km so vi y bin, rng ti
1500km, ko di trn 84.000km. Theo thuyt
tch gin y i dng th dy ni ngm gia
i dng l ngun dn vt liu to v mi.
mid-ocean ridge basalt [9480] : basalt ni
gia i dng.
Basalt phun tro dc trc tch gin y bin.
Vit tt MORB.
mid-ocean rift [9481] : rift gia i dng.
Cu to st ln, tch gin y gia
i dng.
mid-ocean rise [9482] : ni ngm gia
i dng.
n: mid-ocean ridge.
Midwayan [9483] : Midway.
Bc Bc M. Paleocen (nm trn Navarro
ca Creta, nm di Sabin).
migma [9484] : migma.
Hn hp linh ng ca magma v cc
cng xuyn vo cc hoc cc b mimosite [9497] : mimosit.
nng chy.
migmatite [9485] : migmatit.
Tp hp c th nhn bit bng mt
thng, bao gm magma hoc c b ngoi
nh magma v bin cht.
migmatitization [9486] : migmatit ha.
S hnh thnh cc phn migmatit sng mu
do qu trnh ti nng chy, chit tch, bin cht
trao i hoc xuyn ct.
migration test [9487] : th nghim
dch chuyn.
Phng php th nghim xc nh hng
v vn tc dng chy ca cht lng (nc, du,
cht thi lng,... trong lng t).
miharaite [9488] : miharait.
Basalt vi nn khng cha olivin v cha
basalt kim hoc tholeit. (Thut ng khng
nn dng).
mijakite [9489] : mijakit.
Basalt giu mangan, gm ban tinh augit,
bitaunit, i khi c biotit, hypersten, apatit. Nn
c kin trc gian phin gm feldspar, magnetit,
khong vt khng thu quang mu nu c
xc nh nh pyroxen. (Thut ng khng
nn dng).
milarite [9490] : milarit.
Khong vt h su phng, khng mu n
mu xanh nht: K2Ca4Be4Al2Si24O60.H2O.
milk opal [9491] : opal sa.
Loi opal trong m v mu trng sa n
xanh, vng hoc xanh bin.
millerite [9492] : milerit.
Khong vt: NiS khi mt thoi, mu vng-
ng thau n vng ng, thng cha cobal,
ng hoc st. Milerit c dng tc hoc dng
tinh th ng mao dn tinh t, ch yu dng kt
hch trong st cha st. n: capilary pyrites,
nickel pyrites, hair pyrites.
milling losses [9493] : tn tht trong
nghin, tuyn.
millisite [9494] : milisit.
Khong vt mu trng:
(Na,K)CaAl6 (PO4)4(OH)9.3H2O.
millosevichite [9495] : milosevichit.
Khong vt: (Al,Fe)2(SO4)3.
mimetite [9496] : mimetit.
Khong vt mu vng n nu-vng nht ca
nhm apatit: Pb5(AsO4)3Cl, ng hnh vi
pyromorphit v cha mt t calci hoc phosphat.
Mimetit c trong i oxy ha ca cc mch ch
v l khong vt qung khng quan trng ca
ch. n: mimetene; mimetesite.
Dolerit sm mu cha nhiu augit v ilmenit.
Minamata disease [9498] : bnh Minamata.
Mt bnh thn kinh trung ng do tai ha
mi trng xy ra mt th trn bn b vnh
Minamata (Nht Bn) trong thi gian 1953-
1967. Triu chng bnh l gim th lc, thnh
lc (n m, ic hon ton), ni ngng, ri
lon vn ng, co git c bp n t lit, t
397
vong. Trong s 30 nghn ngi b bnh c gn
800 ngi cht. Nguyn nhn l nc thi c
cha thy ngn t nh my ha cht Chisso x
vo vnh gy nhim c cho tm c, s c. Dn
trong vng n phi nhng thy sn ny cng b
nhim c, sinh ra nhng chng bnh trn.
Ngi ta ly tn a phng t tn cho loi
bnh ny.
minasragrite [9499] : minasragrit.
Khong vt mu xanh: VO(SO4).5H2O.
Mindel [9500] : Mindel.
1- Bc chu u. Pleistocen (nm trn
Gnz, nm di Riss).
2- Giai on bng h th hai ca Pleistocen
Alps.
Mindel-Riss [9501] : gian bng Mindel-Riss.
Thut ng dng Alps cho k gian bng
kinh in th hai ca th Pleistocen, sau k
bng h Mindel v trc Riss. n: Yarmouth.
mine [9502] : x nghip m, x nghip khai
thc m.
mine design [9503] : thit k m.
n: design.
mineral [9504] : khong vt.
1- Nguyn t hoc hp cht v c t nhin
to thnh vt th c cu trc bn trong, thnh
phn ho hc, dng tinh th v tnh cht vt l
c trng. Dng hp cht v nh hnh nh opal
l mineraloit cng c xem l dng kt tinh
ca nh ngha ny.
2- Dng t nhin ca vt cht v c.
mineral aggregate [9505]:tp hp khong vt.
Tp hp mt hoc nhiu tinh th (c th l
mt hoc nhiu loi khong vt) c trong .
Tp hp ny trong trm tch c ranh gii
chung khng cht ch, cn trong magma
hoc bin cht th chng c ranh gii rt r
rng. Chng c trng cho iu kin ha-l
nht nh.
mineral assemblage [9506] : t hp
khong vt.
Nhng khong vt lin kt vi nhau to thnh
nh magma hoc bin cht.
n: mineral association.
mineral association [9507] : t hp
khong vt.
Nhm cc khong vt cng to thnh trong
mt loi nh trm tch.
n: mineral assemblage.
mineral deposit [9508] : m khong,
khong sng.
Tch t t nhin khong vt trong mt v tr
c th ca v Tri t, cho php khai thc c li.
mineral deposit cadastre [9509] : a b m,
s thng k m.
a b m c ni dung bao gm nhng thng
tin v mi m khong nh v tr, s lng v
cht lng khong sn, iu kin a cht thy
vn-a cht cng trnh v kt qu nh gi kinh
t m.
mineral facies [9510] : tng bin cht, tng
khong vt.
c hnh thnh trong gii hn iu kin
nhit -p sut nht nh c trng bi s bn
vng ca khong vt ch th.
mineralization [9511] : khong ho, to
khong; khong ho (ca nc); ha
(cs).
1- (sk) Ch qu trnh thnh to khong vt c
ch trong v Tri t.
2- (cthv) Tng trng lng cc vt cht v
c ha tan trong nc. Thut ng c hiu vi
cc ngha khc nhau: Tng trng lng cht cn
thu c sau khi sy kh mu nc; Tng trng
lng cc ion; Tng trng lng cc cht
khong di dng ion v hp cht; Cn kh tnh
ton. khong ha c biu th bng mg/l,
g/l, g/kg, ppm, v.v. n: total mineralization;
total dissolved solids.
3- (cs) Qu trnh ho , thay th vt cht
hu c bi cht v c.
mineralized water [9512] : nc khong ha.
Tn gi chung cho cc loi nc c cha mt
lng khong cht ha tan no y (khng c
gii hn xc nh v hm lng khong). Ghi
ch: thut ng c ngha rt chung v tng i
v tt c nc thin nhin, t nhiu u c cha
khong cht ha tan nn c th hiu nc thin
nhin l nc khong ha. Song trong thc t,
trn quan im cp nc sinh hot, ngi ta quy
c xem nc khong ha l nc c khong
ha cao hn tiu chun cho php i vi nc
ung (1g/l). Khng nn nhm ln vi nc
khong-c tnh cht v tiu chun xc nh.
X: mineral water.
mineral occurrence [9513] : im qung.
Qung hoc khong vt c ch vi tp
trung ng k, pht hin thy trong hoc l
r trn mt p ng tip tc kho st,
thm d.
mineralogic [9514] : khong vt hc.
Dt: mineralogy.
mineralogical [9515] : khong vt hc.
Dt: mineralogy.
mineralogist [9516] : nh khong vt hc.
Ngi nghin cu s thnh to, tnh cht,
398
thnh phn v phn loi khong vt.
mineralography [9517] : khong tng hc,
mn khong tng.
Mn nghin cu v khong vt qung.
n: mineragraphy, c hai u l thut ng c
ch s nghin cu qung bng knh hin vi.
mineralogy [9518] : khong vt hc.
Mn khoa hc nghin cu s thnh to, tnh
cht, thnh phn, phn loi khong vt.
Tt: mineralogic; mineralogical.
n: oryctology, oryctognosy (khng cn
s dng).
mineraloid [9519] : mineraloid.
Vt cht v c, c kin cho rng khng
phi l khong vt v trng thi v nh hnh
v khng c dng tinh th c trng r rng, th
d opal. n: gel mineral.
mineral pathology [9520] : thay i
khong vt.
Nghin cu s thay i khong vt do khng
n nh trong mi trng, m iu kin
nhit , p sut v thnh phn khc nhau, t
to nn khong vt nguyn sinh khc nhau.
mineral pitch [9521] : asphalt.
T ny khng cn s dng.
mineral raw materials [9522] : nguyn liu
khong.
L khong sn c thu ht vo lnh vc
sn xut x hi (d nh hoc ang c s
dng). i a s nguyn liu khong cn c
ch bin tip tc. Ty mc tiu s dng, nguyn
liu khong c th chia ra cc nhm ln nh
nhin liu, nng lng, luyn kim, ha cht, xy
dng, v.v.
mineral reserve [9523]: tr lng khong sn.
n: reserves.
mineral reserves supply [9524] : mc m
bo tr lng khong sn.
Tng quan gia tng tr lng c
thm d ca mt loi khong sn no vi sn
lng hng nm ca tt c cc x nghip khai
thc loi khong sn (c th tnh chung trong
c nc hoc cho tng khong sng v tng x
nghip khai thc khong sng ) hoc cho tng
vng nguyn liu v cm cng nghip khai
khong trong vng tng ng.
mineral resin [9525] : nha khong.
Nha ha , tch t khong hydrocarbon th
d bitum v asphalt.
mineral resources [9526] : ti nguyn
khong sn.
Ti nguyn khong sn bao gm nhng vt
cht t nhin (trong v qu t) s dng trong
cng nghip, nng nghip v nhng lnh vc
khc. Mt s tc gi cn xp vo ti nguyn
khong sn c cc cht lng, kh (th d : khng
kh, nc, du m, kh thin nhin, v.v.). Khng
kh l ti nguyn khong sn khng nhng v s
sng cn c oxy trong thnh phn ca n m v
a s amoni v nitrat (phn bn quan trng
nht) c khai thc t kh quyn bi s kt
hp H trong kh thin nhin vi N trong khng
kh. Nc l ti nguyn khong sn khng
nhng v s sng ph thuc vo n m cn v
nhiu loi halit, brom (s dng chng chy v
trong ha cht nng nghip) v Mg (s dng
trong vt liu chu la v hp kim nhm) c
khai thc t nc bin v h mui.
a s cc tc gi hn ch thut ng ti
nguyn khong sn ch nhng vt liu vi
thnh phn l cc khong vt (W. G.
Ernst, 1999).
n: resources.
mineral sands [9527] : ct khong.
n: beach placer.
mineral sequence [9528]: trnh t to khong.
n: paragenetic sequence.
mineral soap [9529] : khong x phng.
n: bentonite.
mineral soil [9530] : t khong.
Mt loi t c thnh phn ch yu l cht
khong v mt t vt cht hu c.
mineral spring [9531] : mch nc khong.
Ni xut l t nhin ca nc khong ln
mt t. n: mineral water.
mineral streaking [9532] : xp thng hng
khong vt.
S xp cc ht khong vt thnh cu to
ng trong bin cht.
mineral water [9533] : nc khong.
Nc thin nhin di t (c ni l ra trn
mt t) c cha mt s hp cht c hot tnh
sinh hc vi nng cao theo quy nh ca tiu
chun Vit Nam hoc tiu chun nc ngoi
c Nh nc Vit Nam cho php p dng
(theo nh ngha ca lut khong sn CHXHCN
Vit Nam, 1996).
mineral zone [9534] : i khong sn.
Thut ng khng chnh thc cho mt n v
a tng c phn nh trn c s hm lng
khong sn (thng da vo tng ln) v c
gi tn theo khong sn c trng.
mineral zonning [9535]: phn i khong sn.
minerocoenology [9536] : qun th
khong hc.
Nghin cu cc t hp khong vt v mi
399
lin quan ca cc magma, tnh magma vi
cc m khong.
minerogenetic [9537] : sinh khong (tt).
n: metallogenic.
minerogenic [9538] : sinh khong (tt).
n: metallogenic.
minette ore [9539] : minet, limonit trng c.
minguzzite [9540] : minguzit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu xanh:
K3Fe(Cr2O4)2.3H2O.
minimum anomaly [9541] : d thng
ti thiu.
D thng a ha c gi tr hm lng cc
nguyn t ha hc l ngng dao ng trn ca
tr s nn ng vi cc mc xc sut nht nh.
minimum economic content of ore [9542] :
hm lng cng nghip ti thiu ca qung.
Gii hn di ca hm lng trung bnh,
thnh phn c ch (kim loi) trong qung ca
khi tnh tr lng m bo hon tr tt c mi
chi ph thm d, khai thc, ch tuyn v c li
theo d kin khi khai thc m. Hm lng cng
nghip ti thiu thnh phn c ch c tnh cho
tng khi tr lng, cho tng nhm khi tr
lng v cho ton b khong sng (m) ni
chung.
minimum phase [9543] : pha cc tiu.
c trng pha ca xung sng a chn m
lch pha gia cc dao ng iu ha thnh phn
c tn s khc nhau ca xung l cc tiu. i
vi cc xung sng c pha cc tiu th gn nh
ton b nng lng ca chng u tp trung
mt sng.
minimum time path [9544] : tia cc tiu thi
gian.
Tia sng a chn m thi gian truyn sng
dc n l cc tiu. Cc tia sng a chn ch
yu l cc tia cc tiu thi gian.
minimum value [9545] : gi tr nh nht.
mining [9546] : khai thc m, ngnh m.
mining accident [9547] : s c m, tai nn
m.
mining act [9548] : lut m.
mining claim [9549] : quyn khai thc m.
mining hydrogeology [9550] : a cht thy
vn m.
mining losses [9551] : tn tht trong khai thc.
mining methods [9552] : cc phng php
khai thc m.
mining rent [9553] : a t m.
Thu nhp rng (thc thu) b sung (ph thm)
(bng tin hoc hin vt) cc x nghip m
nh c khai thc cc m giu khong sn v
thun li v v tr phn b. Nu khai thc m c
tr lng ln, hm lng thnh phn c ch cao
v c iu kin khai thc thun li th nng sut
sn xut cao hn v t b nh tr sn xut so vi
m c cc iu kin tng ng km hn.
mining subsidence [9554] : st ln do khai
thc ngm.
Ln st b mt t do o ng ngm
khai thc m thng to nn do sp ng l.
miniphyric [9555] : kin trc miniphyr; c
kin trc miniphyr.
Kin trc porphyr ca magma, trong
ban tinh ln nht c kch thc 0,008 mm.
minium [9556] : minium.
Khong vt mu ti, hng hoc da
cam Pb3O4. n: red lead (ch ).
minnesotaite [9557] : minnesotait.
Khong vt silicat h ba nghing mu xanh
l cy n nu, ch yu c trong trm tch giu
Fe, Mg b bin cht. a s mu vt tm thy l
hn hp ca hai pha, phn bit da vo t s
Fe/Mg.
minophyric [9558] : kin trc minophyr;
c kin trc miniphyr.
Kin trc porphyr ca magma, trong
kch thc ln nht ca cc ban tinh t 0,2 mm
n 1 mm.
minor element [9559] : nguyn t him.
1- n: trace element (nguyn t vt).
2- Thut ng t dng ch nhng nguyn t
vi hm lng 1-5% , khng mang tnh nh
lng.
minor fold [9560] : np un nh.
Np un quy m nh thng i km hoc
lin quan vi np un chnh trong vng.
minor principal stress [9561] : ng sut
chnh cc tiu.
ng sut chnh nh nht ca t hoc
c xc nh t cc th nghim tiu chun.
minrecordite [9562] : minrecordit.
Khong vt cha Zn tng ng vi
dolomit: CaZn(CO3)2, trong Ca v Zn tng
t Ca v Mg ca dolomit.
minverite [9563] : minverit.
Diabas cha hornblend v albit. Theo
Johannsen (1939), albit mt phn l nguyn sinh
v mt phn l th sinh. C th l bin cht.
(Thut ng khng nn dng).
minyulite [9564] : minyulit.
Khong vt mu trng:
KAl2(PO4)2(OH, F).4H2O.
Miocene [9565] : Miocen.
Th ca k tam, sau th Oligcen v trc
400
th Pliocen, c thi gian ko di 18,5 triu nm,
tng ng vi thng Miocen do Leyel (1841)
xc lp, gm ba ph thng di, gia v trn.
Nu coi tam l mt i th Miocen l mt k.
miocrystalline [9566] : na kt tinh, bn kt
tinh.
n: hyalocrystalline.
miogeocline [9567] : nm trm tch.
Cu to dng nm bo mn ca trm tch
nc nng bin ra lc a (Dietz v Holden,
1966) hoc dc theo di a mng.
miogeosyncline [9568] : a mng ven.
a mng m trong hot ng ni la
khng i cng vi lng ng trm tch, b phn
khng c hot ng ni la ca a mng
nguyn thy (orthogeosyncline) phn b gn
craton. n: miomagmatic zone, ensialic geosyn-
cline. Ss: eugeosyncline.
miomagmatic zone [9569] : a mng ven.
n: miogeosyncline.
miospore [9570] : bo t phn hoa nh.
Bo t hoc ht phn c kch thc nh hn
200 m.
mirabilite [9571] : mirabilit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu trng hoc
vng: Na2SO4.10H2O, to thnh h mui, h
nc cn v mch nc. n: Glauber's salt.
misenite [9572] : misenit.
Khong vt mu trng: KHSO4.
miserite [9573] : miserit.
Khong vt mu hng:K(Ca,Ce)4Si5O13(OH)3.
Mississippian [9574] : Mississipi.
Mt k trong i Paleozoi (sau Devon, trc
Pensylvania), c thi gian ko di t 345 n
320 triu nm trc y. Phn v a tng tng
ng l Mississipi do Winchell (1869) xc lp
theo thung lng cng tn, c so snh tng
ng vi khong Carbon h ca thi a tng
quc t. S dng ph bin Bc M.
Missourian [9575] : Missouri.
Thng khu vc Bc M. Phn thp ca
Pensylvani thng (nm trn Desmoines, nm
di Virgil).
missourite [9576] : misourit.
1- Theo phn loi ca IUGS l xm nhp
c F=60-100, M=70-90, kali tri hn natri.
2- xm nhp cha feldsparoit kali (leucit)
v 60-90% khong vt mafic nh pyroxen
v olivin.
mitridatite [9577] : mitridatit.
Khong vt: Ca3Fe+34 (PO4)4(OH)6.3H2O.
mitscherlichite [9578] : mitscherlichit.
Khong vt h bn phng mu xanh nht:
K2CuCl4.2H2O.
mix design for cement grout [9579] : thit k
cp phi trm xi mng.
Thit k trn va xi mng phun (dng bt,
trm cc khe nt, to mn chng thm, v.v.).
mix design process for shotcrete [9580] : qu
trnh thit k b tng phun.
mixed ages [9581] : tui khng ng nht.
Cc tui khng khp vi nhau do phng
php phn tch khc nhau (v d nh K-Ag hay
Rb-Sr) cho cc th xm nhp hay bin cht.
l kt qu ca s bin i nhit v (hoc)
ng lc ln cc th sau khi chng c
thnh to. n: hybrid age; overprint; updating.
mixed assemblage [9582] : phc h pha trn.
Mt phc h ha thch gm mt s mu i
din cho mt qun x ha thch hoc mt qun
x c chn la, cng vi nhng mu khc i
din cho mt hoc nhiu phc h c vn
chuyn n ni tm thy chng.
mixed eruption [9583] : phun tro hn hp.
Pha hot ng ni la bao gm c phun tro
dung nham v phun n cc vn ni la.
mixed gneiss [9584] : gneis hn hp.
n: composite.
mixed water [9585] : nc hn hp.
Thut ng c s dng cho hn hp nc
ngun gc ni la v nc kh tng theo bt c
t l no.
mixite [9586] : mixit.
Khong vt mu xanh-emerald hoc xanh l
cy-xanh bin n trng nht:
Bi2Cu12(AsO4)6 (OH)12.6H2O.
miyakite [9587] : miyakit.
n: mijakite.
mizzonite [9588] : mizonit.
Khong vt nhm scapolit, trung gian gia
meionit v marialit v cha 54-57% silic, nh
mt dng scapolit c tinh th p trong phun
tro.
MLLW [9589] : mc nc trung bnh
nh nht.
n: mean lower low water.
moat [9590] : ho dng vng.
Ho st vng quanh trong ni la hoc h
st ni la, gia rim cao vnh ngoi v vm
ni la.
mobile belt [9591] : ai ng.
Vng v Tri t tng i hp, ko di hot
ng kin to mnh. Thut ng a mng c
dng ch pha st ln v trm tch ca
ai ng.
moctezumite [9592] : moctezumit.
401
 Khong vt mu vng cam sng:
Pb(UO2)(TeO3)2.
model test [9593] : th nghim m phng.
Th nghim thng qua m hnh c thu nh
v m phng bi ton trong phng th nghim.
modelling [9594] : m hnh ha.
n: stress analysis, computational methods
of stress analysis.
models [9595] : m hnh.
modes [9596] : kiu, loi, cch thc, li,
phng thc.
modified mercalli scale [9597] : thang
mercali.
Thang ng t gm 12 cp t cp I n cp
XII. ng t khng gy cm gic cho con
ngi c xp vo cp I, ng t cc i ph tng ng ca lc ct v moment cun i vi
hy hu nh hon ton c xp vo cp XII.
modulus [9598] : modul, h s, hng s.
Quan h gia ng sut v bin dng, v d
modul bin dng tuyn tnh, modul bin dng
ct, bin dng nn.
modulus ratio [9599] : t s modul.
Trn c s sc bn nn v h s n hi,
Deere v Miller (1966) xut khi nim t
s modul, mt i lng khng th nguyn, l t
s gia h s n hi Young v sc bn nn n
trc. T s modul dao ng trong khong 500
n 200.
mogote [9600] : thp karst.
n: karst tower.
Mohawkian [9601] : Mohawki.
Bc Bc M. Ordovic trung (nm trn
Chazy, nm di Cincinnat).
mohite [9602] : mohit.
Khong vt: Cu2SnS3.
Mohnian [9603] : Mohni.
Bc Bc M, Miocen (nm trn Luis, nm
di Delmont).
Mohorovicic discontinuity [9604] : gin on
ranh gii Moho.
Ranh gii gia v Tri t v manti, tc
truyn sng a chn dc thay i t ngt t
6.7 n 7.2 km/s.
Mohr circle [9605] : vng trn Mohr.
Phng php th xc nh cc ng sut tc
dng ln mt tit din ngang c phng bt k
nu bit phng cc ng sut chnh, do gio s
ngi c Otto Mohr (th k th 19) pht minh.
Phng php c th p dng cho cc bi ton
ng sut hai chiu hoc ba chiu nu c thm
ng sut ph.
Mohr Coulomb failure criterion [9606] : tiu
chun sc bn Mohr-Coulomb.
n: Mohr - Coulomb strength envelope;
failure envelope (Mohr).
Mohr failureenvelope [9607] : ng bao
vng trn ng sut Mohr.
ng bao pha trn cc vng trn (trng
thi ng sut gii hn) v cng chnh l ng
biu din sc chng ct gii hn ca t.
Mohr strength theory [9608] : l thuyt sc
bn Mohr.
n: failure envelope (Mohr).
Mohr theorem [9609] : nh l Mohr.
nh l mang tn gio s ngi c Otto
Mohr, ngi xut vo nm 1868 xc
nh gc xoay v vng ca mt chic dm c
quan h vi moment cun, ging nh quan h
ti trng. Nh vy gc xoay v vng c th
xc nh t mt ti trng o bng moment cun
chia cho EI. Trong : E l modul Young v I l
moment qun tnh ca tit din. Phng php
ny cn c tn khc l : phng php din tch-
moment.
Mohrs circle diagram [9610] : ng trn
Mohr.
n: failure envelope (Mohr).
mohrite [9611] : mohrit.
Khong vt: (NH4)2(Fe,Mg)(SO4)2.6H2O.
Mohr's envelope [9612] : ng bao Mohr.
M t kt qu th nghim, cng nn hoc
biu din trng thi ti hn v sc khng ct
ca nn.
moissanite [9613] : moisanit.
Khong vt thin thch: SiC, ging nh sn
phm silic carbur, v.v.
moisture [9614] : m.
Nc khuch tn trong khng kh hoc
trong t.
moisture content [9615] : m.
T l (%) gia th tch nc c trong mu vt
vi tng th tch mu vt.
moisture deficiency [9616] : thiu m.
m cn thit a m ca t t
n nng lc gi m.
moisture meter [9617] : m k.
Dng c dng xc nh m, thng l
bng phng php o in tr.
moisture room [9618] : bung m.
Bung c m tng i c m bo gi
mc trn 98% vi nhit khng i (23
2oC), dng lu gi cc mu t v b
tng, th nghim trong iu kin chun. Loi
bung ny cn c tn l bung sng m.
402
 molar [9619] : rng hm.
Mt trong cc rng pha sau nghin
hoc p thc n Th khng c thay mt
cch bnh thng trong qu trnh sng ca
c th.
Molazzian [9620] : Molazz.
Bc chu u. Pleistocen thng (nm trn
Sicil, nm di Tyrrhen).
mole (tunnelling) [9621] : thit b thi cng
ng ngm, khoan ngm.
molecular paleontology [9622] : c sinh vt
phn t.
Mn nghin cu ha thch theo kha cnh
"quy m phn t", nh a ha v khong vt
hc b xng hoc du vt ha hc ca cc ha
thch b ph hy bi qu trnh to .
mollusc [9623] : Thn mm (Mollusca).
ng vt khng xng sng thuc mt
ngnh c trng bi thn khng phn t v i
xng hai bn, cn v v lp o i xng ta tia
hay ta tia hai bn. Trong s cc lp thuc
ngnh ny c Chn bng, Hai mnh (hay Chn
ru) v Chn u.
molluscoid [9624] : dng thn mm.
Trong mt s h thng phn loi l cc ng
vt khng xng sng c mt th lc, nh Tay
cun hay Ru ng vt.
moluranite [9625] : moluranit.
Khong vt v nh hnh mu en:
UO2.3UO3.7MoO3.20H2O.
molybdate [9626] : molybdat.
L khong vt c gc MoO4 v Sn, Mo c th
khng thay th cho nhau. V d khong vt ca
molybdat l wulfenite PbMoO4.
molybdenite [9627] : molybdenit.
Khong vt h su phng, mu xm ch:
MoS2, khong vt qung molybden. molybdenit
c dng khi hoc vy v to thnh trong i
pegmatit v mch thch anh. Ging graphit,
nhng c mu xanh hn. Ss: jordisite.
molybdenite 3R [9628] : molybdenit-3R.
Khong vt h ba phng MoS2, ng hnh
vi molibdenit v jordisit.
molybdenum [9629] : molybden (Mo).
Tn La tinh l molibdaenum. Nguyn t ha
hc s 42, nguyn t lng 95,941; t trng
10,22 g/cm3, thuc nhm khng kim loi nng,
chalcophil, siderophil. C 7 ng v bn v 23
khng bn. Hm lng Mo trong cc (ppm):
v lc a trn l 1,4; siu mafic 0,3; gabro-
basalt 1,2; granit granodiorit 1,5; phin 2;
trong t 1,2; trong nc i dng 0,01 mg/l;
trong nc sng sui 0,0005 mg/l. Cc khong
vt tiu biu l molybdenite MoS2, wulfenite
PbMoO4, powellite Ca(Mo,W)O4. Phng php
phn tch: GF-ASS, ICP-MS. c s dng
trong ngnh luyn kim, cht bi trn, phn bn,
xc tc, cht to mu, cht chng n mn, cht
chm bt la.
molybdic ocher [9630] : qung molybden.
n: ferrimolybdite, molybdite.
molybdite [9631] : molybdit.
Khong vt MoO3, thng cng gi l
ferrimolybdite. n: molybdine, molybdic ocher.
molybdomenite [9632] : molybdomenit.
Khong vt khng mu n mu vng nht-
trng: PbSeO3.
molybdophyllite [9633] : molybdophylit.
Khong vt khng mu, trng hoc xanh
nht: Pb2Mg2Si2O7(OH)2.
molysite [9634] : molysit.
Khong vt mu nu nht, hoc vng :
FeCl3.
moment [9635] : moment.
Moment do lc to dng lch tm, c xc
nh bng ti trng nhn vi cnh tay n
(khong cch gia trng tm v im t ti).
moment of inertia [9636] : moment qun tnh.
monalbite [9637] : monalbit.
Loi albit h n nghing, bin th nhit
cao ca feldspar-natri, l dng ca lot dung
dch-cng vi sanidin.
monaxial [9638] : mt trc.
Nhng tinh th h hng va (h ba phng,
bn phng v su phng) l nhng tinh th c
mt trc quang.
monazite [9639] : monazit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu vng, nu,
hoc mu nu- nht:
(Ce,La,Nd,Th) (PO4,SiO4) l phosphat t
him, c s thay th ca thori bng t him v
silic bng phospho, monazit thori t do rt him.
Monazit l khong vt ph phn b rng ri
trong granit, gneis v pegmatit v thng tp
trung cao trong sa khong, trong m thic aluvi.
Monazit l khong vt qung ca t him v l
ngun thori ch yu. n: cryptolite.
monazite (La) [9640] : monazit-(La).
Khong vt h n nghing: (La,Ce,Np)PO4.
moncheite [9641] : moncheit.
Khong vt h su phng mu xm thp:
(Pt,Pd) (Te, Bi)2. n: biteplatinite; chengbolite.
monchiquite [9642] : monchiquit.
Lamprophyr cha ban tinh olivin, clino-
pyroxen, biotit, amphibol (barkevikit) vi phn
nn gm thy tinh hoc anaxim thng b bin
403
i mnh. C th c nephelin hoc leucit.
mondhaldeite [9643] : mondhaldeit.
xm nhp nng ging camptonit v c
trng ban tinh hornblend hnh kim di, augit,
bitaunit v leucit, nn c kin trc dng n.
(Thut ng khng nn dng).
monetite [9644] : monetit.
Khong vt mu trng-vng nht: CaHPO4.
money income [9645] : thu nhp bng tin,
doanh li bng tin.
monimolite [9646] : monimolit.
Khong vt mu vng nht, nu nht hoc
xanh nht: (Pb,Ca)3Sb2O8 (?), c th cha st
ha tr 2.
monitor [9647] : mn hnh.
Thit b hon chnh dng to hnh nh
trn mn, bao gm tt c nhng mch ph tr
bn trong cn thit. Mn hnh cn c gi l
b hin th video.
monitor well [9648] : ging quan trc.
Ging dng theo di v pht hin nhng
thay i ca cht lng nc v tng cha nc.
monitoring [9649] : quan trc.
monky [9650] : khi m u ba ng
cc.
monocentric [9651] : n tm.
san h n th to bi mt polyp c ng
ming n.
monoclinal [9652] : n nghing.
Cu trc c cc lp cng nghing v
mt pha.
monoclinal coast [9653] : b n nghing.
B bin c hnh thnh do cu to n
nghing. V d nh b ty ca nam Island,
New Zealand.
monoclinal scarp [9654] : vch n nghing.
Vch do cu to n nghing cm dc
xung di.
monoclinic system [9655] : h n nghing,
h mt nghing.
Mt trong su h tinh th, c trng bi mt
trc bc 2, mt mt phng i xng hoc c hai.
Trong ba trc khng tng ng c mt trc
vung gc vi mt phng cha hai trc cn li.
monocolpate [9656] : mt rnh.
Cc ht phn c mt rnh dc, thng l xa
tm. n: monosulcate.
monogene [9657] : n ngun gc; n
thnh phn.
magma ch bao gm mt khong vt nh
dunit.
monogenetic [9658] : n ngun gc; n
thnh phn.
1- To thnh t mt qu trnh hoc bt ngun
t mt ngun, hoc hnh thnh v pht trin trn
mt ch.
2- Cu to t mt loi vt cht hoc c thnh
phn ng nht.
monohydrocalcite [9659] : monohydrocalcit.
Khong vt him: CaCO3.H2O c pht hin
u tin trm tch y h v n c th c
hnh thnh do kt ta t nc mui tip xc vi
khng kh. Ss: hydrocalcite.
monolete [9660] : mt tia.
Bo t c mt ng so gm mt khe
hay vt.
monomyarian [9661] : n c, c mt c, Hai
mnh n c.
Thn mm hai mnh ch c c khp sau; mt
Hai mnh ch c mt c khp, nh l hu, ip.
mononezalic [9662] : n khong.
c thnh phn gm ch yu khong vt
nh dunit, anoetozit.
Monongahelan [9663] : Monongaheli.
Bc a phng Bc M, Pensylvania
thng (nm trn Conemaughi, nm di
Dunkardi).
monoplacophoran [9664] : n phin
(Monoplacophora).
ng vt Thn mm thuc mt lp c trng
bi tnh i xng gn hai bn v s lp li bn
trong dng chui. Tui: Paleozoi n ngy nay.
monopleural [9665] : xp dy mt bn.
S sp xp ca hai dy trong qun th cnh
i xng hai bn Bt (Graptolithina) dng
ng m cc dy tip xc st bn nhau.
monoporate [9666] : mt l.
Cc ht phn c mt l, nh c.
monosaccate [9667] : mt ti kh.
Ht phn c mt ti, thng ko di xung
quanh ht phn, gn xch o.
monostatic radar [9668] : rada mt v tr.
Raa m ng ten pht v ng ten thu cng t
ti mt im.
monostomodaeal [9669] : c ng ming n.
ng ming polyp san h su tia c vng
xc tu ring sau khi hnh thnh bng s ny chi
c ng ming kp hay c ba ng ming.
monosulcate [9670] : mt rnh.
n: monocolpate.
monraesite [9671] : monraesit.
Khong vt mu trng: Be2(PO4)(OH).4H2O.
monsmedite [9672] : monsmedit.
Khong vt: H8K2Tl2+3(SO4)8.11H2O.
monsoon [9673] : gi ma.
404
 H thng gi thay i theo ma.
Mont Blanc ruby [9674] : thch anh mu
nht.
Mont-Blanc, Php.
montanite [9675] : montanit.
Khong vt: Bi2O3TeO3.2H2O.
montbrayite [9676] : montbrayit.
Khong vt h ba nghing, mu trng-thic:
Au2Te3.
montdorite [9677] : montdorit.
Loi mica vi thnh phn l thuyt l:
K(Fe+2,Mn,Mg)2,5Si4O10(OH,F)2. Trung gian gia
cu trc hnh tm mt v hnh tm mt ba.
montebrasite [9678] : montebrasit.
Khong vt: LiAlPO4(OH), ng hnh vi
amblygonit v natromon-tebrasit.
Monte Carlo method [9679] : phng php
Monte-Carlo.
Phng php php th thng k, dng gii
gn ng cc bi ton c c trng tnh ton
bng cch xy dng qu trnh ngu nhin tng
ng, c cc tham s bng cc i lng cn tm
trong cc bi ton t ra.
monteponite [9680] : monteponit.
Khong vt mu en: CdO.
monteregianite [9681] : monteregianit.
Khong vt nhm macdonaldit:
(Na,K)6 Y2Si16O38.10H2O.
montesite [9682] : montesit.
Khong vt: PbSn4S5, l herzenbergit ch.
montgomeryite [9683] : montgomeryit.
Khong vt mu xanh n khng mu:
Ca4MgAl4(PO4)6(OH)4.12H2O.
Montian [9684] : Mont.
Bc chu u. Pleocen (nm trn Dan, nm
di Thanet).
monticellite [9685] : monticelit.
Khong vt khng mu hoc mu xm, quan
h vi olivin: CaMgSiO4, ng hnh vi
kirshsteinit v thng ch bin cht tip xc
ca vi vi magma.
monticule [9686] : m nh, nn nh; u,
mu (cs).
1- i nh, g, m ct v nhng dng c
cao nh khc; Nn ni la ph, nh, pht trin
trn sn hoc cha chn ca ni la c b
mt rng hn. n: monticle.
2- Phn ni u trn b mt b xng San h
su tia, do s mc chi quanh vch to nn; mu
trn nh v Tay cun thung c gai trn u;
cm cc c th nh c th nm cch nhau u
n trn khp qun th Ru ng vt
Stenolaemata, ni ln trn b mt nh mt
u nh.
montmorillonite [9687] : montmorilonit.
1- Nhm khong vt st c cng thc chung:
R0.33Al2Si4O10(OH)2.nH2O, trong R gm mt
hoc mt s cation Na+, K+, Mg+2, Ca+2. Cc
khong vt c c trng bi mng tinh th ba
lp (mt lp alumin v hydroxid gia hai lp
silic v oxygen), thiu in tch trong v tr cn
bng khi t din v khi tm mt do c mt
nhng cation (ph bin nht l Ca v Na).
Montmorilonit b bin i phng ln do m t
(s co li khi nng). Magnesi hoc st c th
thay alumin v alumin thay th silic. Nhng
khong vt montmorilonit c thnh to do s
bin i ca nhng khong vt: feromagnesi,
feldspar calci v thnh phn thy tinh ca
phun tro. n: smectite.
2- Khong vt st khi tm mt kp ca
nhm montmorilonit:
Na0,33Al1,67Mg0,33 Si4O10(OH)2.nH2O, c mu
trng, xm nht, nht hoc xanh v c trng
bi s thay th Al+3 bng Mg+2 v s thay th
khng c trng ca Si+4 bng Al+3.
Ss: beidellite.
3- Nhng khong vt ca nhm montmoro-
lonit: montmorolonit, montronit, saponit, hec-
tonit, sauconit, beidelit, volkonskoit hoc
grifithit.
Montreal Protocol [9688] : Ngh nh th
Montreal.
X: Montreal Protocol on Substances that
deplete the ozone layer.
Montreal Protocol on substances that
deplete the ozone layer [9689] : Ngh nh
th Montreal v cc cht lm suy gim tng
ozon (gi tt l Ngh nh th Montreal).
Ngh nh th c thng qua ti Hi ngh
Montreal (Canada) thng 9/1987, nhm c th
ha v b sung Cng c Vin (1985) v bo v
tng ozon, trong ra nhng quy nh v
mc , thi hn iu chnh hay ct gim sn
xut v tiu th cc cht gy suy gim tng
ozon. Vit Nam tham gia Ngh nh th t
26/4/1994. X: Convention for the protection of
the ozone layer.
montroseite [9690] : montroseit.
Khong vt mu en: (V,Fe)O.
montroydite [9691] : montroydit.
Khong vt: HgO.
monttramite [9692] : montramit.
Khong vt: Pb(Cu,Zn)(VO4)(OH), ng
hnh vi descloizit.
405
 n: cuprodescloizite, plittacinite.
monzodiorite [9693] : monzodiorit.
Theo phn loi ca IUGS, l xm nhp
su c Q=0-5, P/(A+P) = 65-90 v plagioclas
axid hn An50.
monzogabbro [9694] : monzogabro.
Theo phn loi IUGS, l xm nhp su c
Q=0-5, P/(A+P)=65-90 v plagioclas baz hn
An50.
monzonite [9695] : monzonit.
1- Theo phn loi IUGS l xm nhp su
c Q=0-5, P/(A+P)=35-65.
2- Nhm cc xm nhp su c thnh phn
trung gian gia syenit v diorit, cha feldspar
kali v plagioclas vi hm lng bng nhau, t
hoc khng c thch anh, augit l khong vt
mafic chnh. Khi gim hm lng feldspar kali,
chuyn thnh gabro hoc diorit ty theo
thnh phn plagioclas. Khi tng hm lng
felspet kali, chuyn thnh syenit.
monzonitic [9696] : monzonit.
Kin trc monzonit
1- Ca magma c trng bi cc tm
plagioclas t hnh v feldspar kali lp y.
2- Ni v cc nhm cha monzonit.
monzonorite [9697] : monzonorit.
thuc lot charnokit, ngho thch anh, c
plagioclas giu hn microperthit.
mooihoekite [9698] : mooihoekit (muihoekit).
Khong vt h bn phng: Cu9Fe9S16.
Moon [9699] : Mt trng.
moon basalt [9700] : basalt Mt trng.
ly t Mt trng c thnh phn ch yu l
augit, plagioclas (vi hm lng tng ng
nhau) v ilmenit. Plagioclas c hm lng calci
cao (An80-An90). Basalt Mt trng cha nhiu
dioxid titan, cc nguyn t t him, zircon v t
nickel hn basalt Tri t.
mooreite [9701] : mooreit hay mureit.
Khong vt mu trng:
(Mn,Zn,Mg)2(SO4)(OH)14.4H2O.Ss: torreyite.
moorhouseite [9702] : moorhouseit hay
murhuseit.
Khong vt: (CO,Ni,Mn)(SO4)6.H2O.
mopungite [9703] : mopungit.
Khong vt hnh thnh do bin i ca
stibnit: Na1,01Sb0,99(OH)6.
moraine [9704] : morain hay moren.
1- Thuc v dng t st c ngun gc
moraine.
2- (th) Cc mnh vn ni la c a ln
b mt ca dng dung nham.
MORB [9705] : basalt ni ngm gia
i dng.
Vit tt ca mid-ocean ridge basalt.
mordenite [9706] : mordenit.
Khong vt zeolit:
(Ca,Na2,K2)Al8Si40O96.28H2O. n: ashtonite,
flokite, arduinite, ptilolite.
moreauite [9707] : moreauit.
Khong vt: Al3UO2(PO4)3(OH)2.13H2O.
moreavite [9708] : moreavit.
Khong vt: Al3UO2(PO4)3(OH)2.13H2O.
morelandite [9709] : morelandit.
Khong vt nhm apatit: Ba5(AsO4)3Cl.
morenosite [9710] : morenosit.
Khong vt mu xanh-to hoc xanh-xm:
NiSO4.7H2O, c th cha magnesi v tn ti
trong kt hch th sinh. n: sulfatenicken.
morganite [9711] : morganit.
n: vorobyevite.
morinite [9712] : morinit.
Khong vt: Na2Ca4Al4(PO4)4O2F6.5H2O.
morozeviezite [9713] : morozeviezit.
Khong vt h lp phng, biu tia X
ging germanit: (Pb, Fe)3Ge1-xS4. Cha Pb tng
t polkovicit, c hnh thnh t lot dung th-
cng.
morphogenesis [9714] : ngun gc hnh
thi hc.
Mt khuynh hng ca a mo hc, khuynh
hng nghin cu ngun gc v hnh thi.
morphogenetic region [9715] : khu vc
ngun gc-hnh thi.
Khu vc ngun gc-hnh thi. Nhng khu
vc trong i kh hu c a hnh cng ngun
gc hnh thnh bi cc qu trnh a mo ch
o, to nn nhng hnh thi a hnh nht nh.
morphogenetic zone [9716] : i ngun gc-
hnh thi.
n: lineage zone.
morphogeny [9717] : hnh thi hc gii thch
v mt khu vc.
morphography [9718] : hnh thi hc m t.
Hnh thi hc gii thch v mt khu vc hoc
hin tng.
morphologic region [9719] : khu vc
hnh thi.
Vng c nh ranh gii theo a hnh, cu
trc v lch s tin ha khc bit ca n.
Ss: physiographic province.
morphologic sequence concept [9720] :
n: morphosequence concept.
morphologic unit [9721] : n v hnh thi.
n v a mo c trng bng nhng hnh
thi nht nh, v d b mt hoc l tch t hoc
406
l xi mn c nhn bit bi c im a hnh
ca n.
morphology [9722] : hnh thi hc (m).
1- Hnh dng ca b mt Tri t, geomor-
phology hoc " Hnh thi hc Tri t".
2- Cu trc, hnh dng bn ngoi v s sp
xp ca trong mi lin quan ti lch s pht
trin ca a hnh.
morphometry [9723] : trc lng-hnh thi.
S o lng v phn tch ton hc hnh thi
bn ngoi ca b mt Tri t v v hnh dng,
cc kch thc ca a hnh. Cc thng s chnh
xc cn c tm hiu l: din tch, cao tuyt
i, th tch, dc, mt ct v kt cu ca t
cng nh cc c trng khc ca sng v lu
vc sng.
morphosculpture [9724] : chm tr hnh thi.
Dng a hnh nh hn c hnh thnh bi
cc qu trnh ngoi sinh v thng pht trin
bn trong hoc bn trn mt cu trc hnh thi,
v d vt ct gn, ngm, i nh trn y
i dng.
morphostructure [9725] : cu trc hnh thi.
Dng a hnh ch yu trng hp hoc phn
nh cu trc a cht, v d mng ngm hoc
sng ni trn y i dng, hoc c hnh
thnh trc tip bi cc chuyn ng kin to, (v
d bn trng hoc vm). N c hnh thnh
gia hai lc tng tc ni sinh v ngoi sinh,
trong ni lc l ch yu.
Ss: morphosculpture.
morphotectonics [9726] : kin to hnh
thi hc.
Gii thch bng cc nguyn nhn kin to ca
cc c im hnh thi hoc a hnh b mt
Tri t; N gii quyt mi lin quan kin to
hoc cu trc ca chng vi hnh thi th hin.
morriner [9727] : ngon ngoo.
n: esker.
morro [9728] : i, ni ng thc ven bin.
Thut ng dng chu M La tinh ch i
hoc ni ng thc c th hoc khng c trn
ng bng ven bin gn ng b hin i; c
bit: mi t hoc vch. T nguyn: ting Ty
Ban Nha v B o Nha.
Morrowan [9729] : Morrow.
Thng khu vc Bc M. Phn thp ca
Pensylvania (nm trn Chester ca Mississipi
nm di Atok).
morsor [9730] : i dng st.
i dng st v tch xa cc sng chnh.
T nguyn: thut ng nguyn bn bng ting
c t theo tn ni Morsor an mch, Nam
T; Sn: mosore.
mortar [9731] : va, va st, va xi mng.
mortar structure [9732] : kin trc va.
Kin trc trong kt tinh c trng bi tp
hp vi ht thch anh, feldspar phn b lp y
khong trng hoc ranh gii cc ht, mnh trn,
ln hn. Sn phm ca bin dng do v ti
kt tinh.
morvan [9733] : giao nhau ca hai bn
bnh nguyn.
1- S giao nhau ca hai bn bnh nguyn
ni m mt bn bnh nguyn nghing trn tri b
ct ngang bi mt b mt tr hn, hu nh vn
cn gi nguyn c th nm ngang nguyn
thy. V d s giao nhau ca hai bn bnh
nguyn Fall zone nghing, dc pha ng cao
nguyn Piedmont ca Hoa K vi bn bnh
nguyn tam mun Harriburg.
2- Khu vc bc l quan h morvan c nh
du bi vng cao cng, c bao bc bi
vng nghing ca c hn. Thut ng ch khu
vc c cu trc kt hp bao gm mt khi nm
di c hn, thng c to nn bi cc kt
tinh bin dng, t lu b bo mn thnh dng
a hnh nh v b h thp xung, b ln chm
v b chn vi di khi nng cc lp trm tch
thnh tng. Khi kt hp ny sau c nng
ln v nghing i, khi nghing b xi mn hi
sinh, ct ngang qua cu trc kp ca n, v
trong iu kin mn dn ny, ng hn nn
c nu ln thnh mt chu trnh mi ca s
tin ha phi cu trc. V d: khu vc Morvan
trung tm Php. n: skiow.
mosaic [9734] : ghp mnh; vn khm.
1- (kv) Kin trc c trng cc ht khong
vt c hnh dng gn nh cc a gic, c ranh
gii tng i thng.
2- (cs) Vn hnh thnh mt trong v Tay
cun bi ng bao ca cc si lp v ph ca
mnh v; s xp sp cc phin Sao bin
Edrioasteroidea v Cu gai Cyclocystoidea t
nhiu trn mt phng v khng xp dng vy c.
mosaic breccia [9735] : dm kt ghp mnh.
Cc mnh dm sp xp k nhau t c s
dch chuyn.
mosaic structure [9736] : kin trc
ghp mnh.
Cc mnh tinh th dng ht hoc gc cnh
phn b tng i ln xn. Di knh phn cc
ging nh tranh ghp mnh.
mosaic texture [9737] : cu to ghp mnh.
Cc ht bin tinh c ranh gii thng hoc hi
cong, khng c ranh gii li lm v ci t
407
vo nhau.
mosandrite [9738] : mosandrit.
Khong vt mu nu- nht hoc nu vng
nht: (Na, Ca,Ce)3Ti(SiO4)2F. Ss: Johnstrupite.
n: rinkite, rinkolite, lovchorrite, khibinite.
moschellandsbergite [9739] : mosheland-
sbergit.
Khong vt: Ag2Hg3, hp kim t nhin ca
bc vi thy ngn, dng hn hng.
n: landsbergite.
Moscovian [9740] : Moscovi.
Bc ca Nga. Phn gia ca Carbon thng
(nm trn Namur, nm di Gzhel).
mosesite [9741] : mosesit.
Khong vt mu vng:
Hg2N(SO4, MoO4).H2O.
moss land [9742] : t ru.
Vng c nhiu rong ru nhng khng m
t thnh m ly.
Most Propoble Number (MPN) [9743] : s
xc sut cao nht.
nh gi thng k s lng sinh vt nht
nh trong mt th tch nc thu c t vic t 300m (1000 b), mc d theo cch gi c l cao
hp cc kt qu dng v m trong mt dy cc
th tch mu, c kim tra bng cc php
th tiu chun dng phng php nhiu
ng nghim.
mother cell [9744] : t bo m.
T bo t sinh ra nhiu t bo mi khc.
mother crystal [9745] : tinh th m.
Khi thch anh ln nguyn cht hnh thnh
trong t nhin.
mother geosyncline [9746] : a mng m.
Thut ng do Stille s dng ch cc bn
trng pht trin tr thnh h to ni un np. ng thng c dng dng s nhiu.
a mng m l vng st vng ln ca v Tri
t, kch thc n hng trm kilomet.
mother of emerald [9747] : emerald m.
n: prase; green fluorite.
motion [9748] : phng trnh chuyn ng.
motion in distinct element method [9749] :
nh lut chuyn ng, trong phng php
phn t tch bit.
motion of ground surface due to blasting
[9750] : rung ng, chn ng, chuyn ng,
chuyn dch mt t do n mn.
n: ground surface motion due to blasting.
mottled ore [9751] : qung dng m,
loang l.
mottramite [9752] : motramit.
Khong vt : Pb(Cu,Zn)(VO4)(OH), ng
hnh vi descloizit.
n: cuprodescloizite; psittacinite.
motukoreaite [9753] : motukoreait.
Khong vt :
NaMg19Al12(CO3)6,5(SO4)4 (OH)54.28H2O.
mould [9754] : khun.
Vt in ca v ha thch hay cc cu trc sinh
vt khc in trong vt liu trm tch; trm tch lp
khun ca mt trong mnh v ha thch hay cc
cu trc sinh vt khc.
mounanaite [9755] : munanait.
Khong vt: PbFe2(VO2)2(OH)2.
mountain [9756] : ni.
1- Phn bt k ca v Tri t cao hn i,
nng cao r trn vng t bao quanh, c b mt
to cho n mt b phn xng ng c mt tn
gi ring, c c trng bi din tch nh hp
(khc vi cao nguyn), v nhn chung b mt
kh dc, b mt tr tri rng ln, c th th hin
l mt nh n ng thc hoc thnh nhm
to nn rnh di, v c th hnh thnh bi s vn
ng ca v Tri t, xi mn hoc hot ng
ni la. Nhn chung c coi l ni khi c b
mt nh cao hn b mt xung quanh n hn
hn 600m (2000 b) hoc cao trn mc nc
bin. Khi thut ng c gi theo tn gi thch
hp, n thng biu th mt nhm cc cao
nh l mt dy (v d ni Adirodark) hoc mt
h thng (v d ni Rocky). Vit tt: mt; mtn.
n: mount.
2- im cao ni bt hoc d thy bt k
trong vng a hnh thp, c bit vng nh cao
t ngt so vi vng t xung quanh v c chn
trn.
3- Khu vc c c trng bi cc ni; Thut
mountain and bolson desert [9757] : ni v
lng cho hoang mc.
Phm vi hoang mc c hnh thnh t
nhng ni ko di v cc bn trng do cc t
gy c lp y trm tch aluvi hoc bolsons.
mountain apron [9758] : chn ni.
n: bajada.
mountain blue [9759] : khong vt ng
mu xanh.
Khong vt ng mu xanh azurit v
chrysocola.
mountain building [9760] : to ni.
Qu trnh dng cao ca v Tri t, bin
nhng min trng thnh vng ni c km theo
hin tng un np, t gy, xm nhp, bin
cht, v.v.
mountain chain [9761] : dy ni.
Nhm gm vi di ni, t nhiu song song
408
vi nhau v cc h thng ni gp thnh nhm
vi nhau, khng cn phi c s tng ng v
hnh dng, cu trc v ngun gc nhng phi c
s sp xp theo hng ko di chung hoc
phng phn bit r, v d: dy ni thuc a
Trung Hi Nam u. n: cordilera.
mountain green [9762] : khong vt
mu xanh.
Khong vt mu xanh l cy: malachit, mu
xanh v chrysocola.
mountain group [9763] : nhm ni.
Nhm gm vi nh ni hoc sng ni ngn;
v d ni Catskill N.Y.
mountainite [9764] : mountainit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
(Ca, Na2, K2)2Si4O10.3H2O. Ss: rhodesite.
mountain of accumulation [9765] : ni tch
t ng thc, i xng.
Ni i xng thng c cao ln, c
hnh thnh do s bi dn vt liu trn b mt
Tri t, c bit do s phun vt liu ra t ni
la, c xu hng to ra nh ng thc.
n: accumulation mountain.
mountain of circumdenudation [9766] : ni
bc mn quanh.
Ni cng chc, tr ra so vi xung quanh,
km cng chc b mn i, hoc ni biu hin
l mt tn d ca mt cao nguyn c trc; v
d: moradnock hoc insberg.
n: relict mountain; remainder mountain;
circumdenudation mountain.
mountain of denudation [9767] : ni bc
mn.
Tn d ca mt va khng b xo trn, ni
cch khc, va lin tip c mt phn b ph
hy bi xi mn.
mountain of dislocation [9768] : ni bin v.
Ni do s sp xp li cc va hoc un np
hoc t gy "ni un np "hoc "ni t gy".
mountainous [9769] : ni.
1- M t mt khu vc c c trng bi cc
nh, cc sng ni bt hoc cc dy ni.
2- S ging vi ni nh l mt vm ni, c
nng cao mnh v cc sn bao quanh n l cc
va cm dc.
mountain pediment [9770] : ng bng bc
mn trc ni.
1- Thut ng c ginh cho ng bng xi
mn v vn chuyn kt hp chn ca dy ni
hoang mc, tng t vi ng bng aluvi. Nh
vy, trn mt khong cch nht nh bao quanh
ni, ng bng c th hin l mt khi tam
gic rng ln (ging nh mt pediment) m trn
c ni nh cao. Cch dng thut ng ny l
ging vi piedmont pediment.
2- Pediment xut hin bn trong khi ni nh
mt b mt c cao kh ln, do cu trc ni b
ct ngn i.
mountain range [9771] : dy ni.
Mt khi rng, n c gm lot cc ni
hoc sng ni hp ring bit, c hoc khng c
cc nh c mi quan h cht ch v v tr,
hng, s hnh thnh v tui. Mt b phn cu
thnh ca mt nhm di ni (moutant chain).
mountain side [9772] : sn ni.
B phn gia nh v chn ni. n: mountain
slope.
mountain slope [9773] : sn ni.
n: mountain side.
mountain system [9774] : h ni.
Nhm dy ni (mountain ranges) th hin r
nhng c im tng ng, nh s tng t v
hnh dng, cu trc v thng hng, c ngun
gc do cng loi ng lc, c bit h cc ni
thuc mt orogenic belt. Ss: mountain chain.
mountain top detritus [9775] :
n: block field.
mountain tract [9776] : thng du.
Phn cao hp ca sng gn ngun trong
min ni, c trng bi dc ln, thung lng
dng ch V c nc chy mnh. Ss: plain tract.
n: torrent tract.
mountain wall [9777] : sn ni dc ng.
mountkeithite [9778] : mountkeithit.
Khong vt quan h vi pyroaurit:
[(Mg,Ni)9)Fe+3,Cr,Al)(OH)24]+3[(CO3,SO4)1,5
-3
(Mg,Ni)2 (SO4)2 (H2O)11] .
mourite [9779] : mourit hay murit.
Khong vt molibdat hydro uran mu xanh:
U+4Mo+65O12(OH)10.
mouth [9780] : ca.
1- Ni thot nc ca dng chy, ni
nc ra dng ln hn vo h, vo bin.
2- n: baymouth;.
3- Ca ca dng a mo nh hang, thung
lng hoc hm; B mt ca ra ca rnh ngm
di t nh ni la.
movement plan [9781] : bnh bin dng.
Bnh khi qut ha cc cu trc bin dng
(np un, t gy, v.v.).
moyite [9782] : moyit.
Granit gm ch yu thch anh v feldspar
kali, trong hm lng thch anh ln hn
50%. (Thut ng khng nn dng).
mpororoite [9783] : mpororoit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
409
 (Al,Fe)2 W2O9.6H2O.
mroseite [9784] : mroseit.
Khong vt h thoi: CaTe+4O2(CO3).
MSL [9785] : mc bin trung bnh.
n: mean sea level.
MSS [9786] : nh vin thm th ng a ph.
nh loi ny thng c phn gii km
hn nh TM (khong 80m). Thng c 4 knh
vi tn s sng nh sng t 0,45m 12,5m.
n: multispectral scanner.
MTL [9787] : mc triu trung bnh.
n: mean tide level.
M-type granite [9788] : granite kiu M.
Tn chung ch cc granit c mt trong
mt s ra lc a c thnh phn ha hc v
ng v ca cc ni la cung o. Tip u
ng M m ch ngun gc manti ca cc (ch
M-mantle), c ngha l chng c bt ngun
trc tip t s nng chy tng phn ca v i
dng b ht chm.
muck [9789] : t hu c, t bn.
n: organic soil.
mucleoconch [9790] : b phi, v phi.
n: embryonic apparatus (b phi, v phi).
mucronate [9791] : c u nhn, c mu
nhn.
Kt thc bng mt u hay mu nhn, v d
ni v b bn l ca Tay cun c u bn-sau
ko di thnh mt u nhn.
mud [9792] : bn.
mud barrel [9793] : ng bn khoan.
mud cone [9794] : nn bn.
Nn nh gm bn sulfur bao quanh ni la
bn hoc geixer bn.
mud flat [9795] : t bn phn lp phng, t
bn c st ln.
mudflow [9796] : l bn.
Dng l cha nhiu bn ct, k c tng,
xy ra t ngt nhng sn dc trn mt sn
c lp ph t b ri dy, khng c cy
ci bo v, khi ma ln, t b sng nc tr
thnh bn nho, tri xung nhng a hnh thp
vi tc cc nhanh, sc mnh gh gm, li
cun v chn vi tt c nhng chng ngi vt
gp phi trn ng i, c khi xa sch c mt
khu dn c ng c. n: earthflow mudslide.
mudjacking [9797] : bm dung dch st, bm
bn.
mud lava [9798] : dung nham bn, dung nham
bn ni la.
1- Bn cha sulfur, i khi carbonat, phun ra
t ni la bn hoc mch phun bn sulfur
(geyser mud).
2- Cc dng tro ni la Nht bn.
mud volcano [9799] : ni la bn.
Cu trc dng nn to thnh t bn v do
cc kh ni la phun ra hoc do cc khi m du
thot ra.
mudslide [9800] : trt bn.
S dch chuyn khi bn nho (do t b
sng nc ma, nc thm t h cha...) theo
sn dc xung ch thp di tc dng ca
trng lc. Trt bn l mt dng ca l bn
nhng tc chm v khong cch dch chuyn
thng ngn hn (do nho ca t thp hn).
Ss: earthflow.
mudstone [9801] : bn.
muirite [9802] : muirit.
Khong vt: Ba10Ca2MnTiSi10O30(OH,Cl,F)10.
mukhinite [9803] : mukhinit.
Khong vt nhm epidot:
Ca2(Al2V)(SiO4)3(OH).
mullion [9804] : mulion cu to dng chn
song, ct , trc .
Kin trc dng ct, dng song ca, thng
gp trong cc bin cht v trm tch b un
np, cc mulion hnh thnh dng tuyn th.
Cc mulion thng c thnh to song song
vi phng chuyn ng, nm trong cc mt t
gy hoc vung gc vi chng.
mullion structure [9805] : cu to mulion.
Cu to kiu lung, rnh song song dng
sng hnh thnh trn cc mt b un np hoc
mt t gy.
mullite [9806] : mulit.
Khong vt h thoi him: Al6Si2O13. Mulit
tng hp l vt liu chu la c gi tr.
n: porcelainite.
multi axial compression [9807] : nn a trc
(thng l 3 trc).
multicycle [9808] : a k.
Cc qu trnh a cht xy ra nhiu thi k
khc nhau, li du n trong kin trc.
multiple cycle [9809] : a k.
n: multicycle.
multiple detectors [9810] : nhm my, my
thu a cc.
Tp hp nhm gm nhiu my thu a chn
c u li (song song hoc ni tip) vi nhau
thu nhn c tn hiu tng li ra. Tn hiu
ny c a vo mt mch a chn v tnh cho
cc dao ng v xem nh dao ng a chn ghi
c tm ca nhm. Trong a chn, nhm
ny l bin php c s dng c hiu qu
hn ch phng nhiu, c bit l cc nhiu
sng mt.
410
 multiple fault [9811] : t gy dng bc, a
t gy.
Cu trc gm nhiu t gy song song vi
nhau, c th c hnh thnh nhiu thi k
khc nhau.
multiple point borehole extensometers
(MPBXs) [9812] : th nghim o bin dng ti
nhiu im bng cng k l khoan.
c tin hnh bng cch c nh mt s
im dc theo thnh l khoan. Sau dng cng
k quan trc chuyn v ca nhng im ny so
vi im tham chiu c nh ti y l khoan.
multiple reflection [9813] : phn x lp, phn
x nhiu ln.
Loi sng a chn phn x lp li nhiu ln
(2 ln tr ln) t cc ranh gii phn x.
multiple twin [9814] : song tinh a hp.
Tinh th song tinh c dng song tinh lp li
nhiu ln.
multiplication content haloes [9815] : vnh
tch hm lng.
Vnh hm lng c thnh lp bng cch
nhn hm lng ca tt c cc nguyn t ch th
cho mt kiu qung ha (d thng tch s
chung) hoc tng nhm nguyn t thuc cc
thnh phn trn qung, di qung vi nhau (d
thng tch s tng phn).
multispectral [9816] : a ph.
Gm nhiu di bc x.
multivincular [9817] : dy chng nhiu mi.
Kiu dy chng Thn mm hai mnh gm
nhng yu t lp li hng dy ca kiu dy
chng ngang trc, v d Isognomon.
mundite [9818] : mundit.
Khong vt c quan h cu trc vi phosphu-
ranylit: Al(UO2)3PO4)2(OH)3.5,5H2O.
mundrabillaite [9819] : mundrabilait.
Khong vt trong hang ng:
(NH4)2Ca(HPO4)2.H2O.
munirite [9820] : munirit.
Khong vt: NaVO3.2H2O.
munltispan beam [9821] : dm nhiu nhp.
mural deposit [9822] : cht lng ng
thnh v.
Cht lng ng bn trong khoang dc on
ko di dng nm ca mi vch ngn v bm
vo thnh v Chn u Nautiloidea.
murambite [9823] : murambit.
Basanit leucit cha nhiu khong vt mafic
(Holmes, 1936). (Thut ng khng nn dng).
murataite [9824] : muratait.
Khong vt h lp phng:
(Na,Y)4(Zn,Fe)3 (Ti,Nb)6O18(F.OH)4.
murchisonite [9825] : murchisonit.
1- Loi orthoclas mu ti vi ct khai tt
v thng c giao thoa mu vng khi thng gc
vi (010).
2- Tn dng cho loi Mt trng v
feldspar ng nh nhiu mu Frederiksvaern,
Norway.
Murderian [9826] : Murder.
Bc New York, Silur thng (nm trn
Cayug, nm di Canastot).
murdochite [9827] : murdochit.
Khong vt ng thc mu en: PbCu6O8.
murite [9828] : murit.
Phonolit mu sm, giu feldsparoit, trong
hm lng khong vt mafic chim khong
50%. (Thut ng khng nn dng).
murmanite [9829] : murmanit.
Khong vt mu xanh:
Na2(Ti,Nb)2 Si2O9nH2O. Ss: lomonosovite.
murnskite [9830] : murnskit.
Khong vt: K2Cu3FeS4.
muromontite [9831] : muromontit.
Khong vt: Be2FeY2(SiO4)3(?), gn ging
vi gadolinit hoc l loi clinozoirit.
murunstite [9832] : murunstit.
Khong vt: K2Cu3FeS4.
Muschelkalk [9833] : Muschelkalk.
Phn v a tng ca chu u c bit c,
Trias trung, nm trn Bunter, di Kenper,
tng ng vi cc bc Anisi v Ladin.
muscle field [9834] : vng bm c.
Mt din trn v Tay cun trong tp trung
cc vt bm c; mt din lm hoc phng trn
cnh bng mt khp ca phin khp c cnh
Hu bin dng cho cc si c bm vo.
muscle platform [9835] : nn bm c.
Ch nh cao tng i rng v chc mt
trong v Tay cun dnh cho cc c bm vo.
muscle scar [9836] : vt bm c.
Vt lm hay li t nhiu thy r trn mt
trong v Thn mm hai mnh (cng nh Tay
cun, Ostracoda v Rostroconchia) nh du
ch bm vo ca mt c; din kp nhn hoc
hi lm trn mt ngoi ca vng trc B ba
thy c gii thch nh l ch bm c.
muscle track [9837] : ng vt c.
ng do s di chuyn ni tip nhau ca vt
bm c to nn trong qu trnh tng trng ca
mnh v Tay cun, Hai mnh v
Rostroconchia.
muscovite [9838] : muscovit.
1- Khong vt nhm mica:
KAl2(AlSi3)O10(OH)2, khng mu n mu
411
vng nht hoc nu nht v l khong vt ph
bin trong gneis v phin, nhiu nht
trong magma nh granit, pegmatit v trong
mt s trm tch. n: mica kali. Cn c
vit l moscovit.
2- Thut ng dng trong khong vt hc
st: ilit.
Muscovy glass [9839] : thy tinh mica.
n: muscovite.
mushistonite [9840] : mushistonit.
Khong vt: (Cu,Zn,Fe)Sn(OH)6, thuc nhm
shoenfliesit.
muskeg [9841] : m ly, t hu c.
muskoxite [9842] : muskoxit.
Khong vt: Mg7Fe4+3O13.10H2O.
muthmannite [9843] : muthmanit.
Khong vt mu xm-trng: (Ag,Au)Te.
MWL [9844] : mc nc trung bnh.
n: mean water level.
mylonite [9845] : mylonit.
cng chc, ging silic, cu to dng
ng hoc di, khng phn phin, to thnh do
cc b nghin mn trong qu trnh bin cht
ng lc. Vi dm kt vi dng chy.
mylonite gneiss [9846] : gneis mylonit.
bin cht c c im trung gian gia
phin v molonit.
mylonitic structure [9847]: kin trc mylonit.
Kin trc c trng vi vi dm kt v c nt
c dng dng chy.
mylonitization [9848] : mylonit ha.
Bin dng bi nghin nt mnh m do cc
lc c hc tc ng theo hng nht nh,
khng gy s thay i thnh phn ha hc.
mylonization [9849] : mylonit ha.
n: mylonitization.
myophore [9850] : din bm c.
Din trn v dnh cho c bm vo, hoc lm,
hoc hi li, v d Hai mnh dnh cho c
khp, Tay cun dnh cho c m v.
myophragm [9851] : g gia c.
G nm gi lp v ph ca Tay cun c
tit ra gia cc c v khng vn ra ngoi vng
bm c.
myrickite [9852] : myriclit.
1- Calcedon, opal hoc thch anh khi mu
trng hoc xm, mu hay thay i do cha
nhng bao th hnh kim mu hng hoc nht.
Loi opal bit nh opalit.
2- Thn sa xen vi opal mu trng hoc
chalcedon trong m.
myrmekite [9853] : myrmekit.
S xen k ca feldspar plagioclas (olioclas)
v thch anh dng giun, quan h vi feldspar
kali, thnh to giai an mun ca dung th
magma hoc giai an sau ca hot ng xm
nhp su. Thch anh dng trn, dng giun trong
feldspar.
myrmekite antiperthite [9854] : myrmekit
i perthit.
Dng myrmekit xen k vi plagioclas v
orthoclass dng giun.
myrmekite perthite [9855]: myrmekit-perthit.
Dng myrmekit xen k vi microlin v
plagioclas dng giun.
myrmekitic [9856] : myrmekitic.
1- Cu to symplectic c trng bi s xen
k ca feldspar v thch anh dng giun.
2- Tnh cht ca myrmekit.
mytilid [9857] : Mytilidae.
Thn mm hai mnh thuc mt h gm cc
i biu c v u mnh, khng u bn v nh
ngonh v trc.
mytiliform [9858] : dng Mytilus (cs).
V hnh chic dp kiu Mytilus Thn mm
hai mnh.
412
 nab [9859] : mi nh.
Thut ng ch phn nh cao ca mt a
hnh cao, v d: mi t, doi ct, hoc nhnh
ngang ca sn dc, ng o. n: ness.
nabaphite [9860] : nabaphit.
Khong vt: NaBaPO4.9H2O, l loi natriphit
cha Ba.
nacaphite [9861] : nacaphit.
Khong vt: Na2Ca2PO4F.
nacreous luster [9862] : nh x c.
nacrite [9863] : nacrit.
Khong vt kaolin khi tm mt kp, a
hnh vi kaolinit v dickit. c trng bi trnh
t xp 6 lp khi thoi, phn b vo ch trng
hnh tm mt.
nadorite [9864] : nadorit.
Khong vt mu vng-nu nht: PbSbO2Cl.
naegite [9865] : naegit.
Loi zircon cha thori v uran.
nagashimalite [9866] : nagashimalit.
Khong vt cha vanadi trng t taramelit:
Ba4(V+3,Ti)4(O,OH)2ClSi8O27.
nagatelite [9867] : nagatelit.
Loi alanit cha phosphat.
nagelschmidtite [9868] : magelschmidtit.
Khong vt trong "i sc s":
(Ca3,78Na0,06K0,06)(Si1,58P0,40)O8.
nagyagite [9869] : nagyagit.
Khong vt mu en xm ch:
Pb5Au(Te,Sb)4S5-8.
n: black tellurium, tellurium glance.
nahcolite [9870] : nahcolit.
Khong vt h n nghing, mu trng:
NaHCO3.
nahpoite [9871] : nahpoit.
Khong vt: Na2HPO4.
nailhead spar [9872] : spat u inh.
Loi calcit gn kt lng tr su mt vi
khi thoi.
nakauriite [9873] : nakaurit.
Khong vt: Cu8(SO4)4(CO3)(OH)6 .48(H2O).
naked karst [9874] : karst tri.
Karst pht trin vng khng c t ph, do
cc c im ca n th hin r.
n: bare karst.
nakhlite [9875] : thin thch cha tp hp
tinh th ca diopsid (75%) v olivin.
nallah [9876] : lng sng kh cha ct.
n: nullah.
nambulite [9877] : nambulit.
Khong vt nhm pyroxen:
NaLiMn8Si10O23(OH)2.
namibite [9878] : namibit.
Khong vt: CuBi2O6.
Namurian [9879] : Namur.
Bc do Pruveau (1883) xc lp theo a danh
Namur pha nam B, l bc ca thi a tng
quc t, Carbon h, nm trn bc Vise, nm
di Baskiri ( s phn h Carbon lm ba)
hoc Carbon thng, nm trn Vise, nm di
Westphal ( s phn Carbon l hai).
namuwite [9880] : namuwit.
Khong vt h su phng, mu xanh nht:
(Zn,Cu)4SO4(OH)6.4H2O.
nanligite [9881] : nanligit.
Khong vt: CaMg4(AsO3)2F4.
nannofossils [9882] : ha thch cc nh.
Thut ng chung dnh cho ha thch a
sao v To cu , c hai nguyn l vi ha
thch cht vi, phn ln gn n gii hn ca
s quan st bng knh hin vi thng, do
phi dng knh hin vi in t. Thut ng ny
thng dng vi khi nim nh hn vi ha
thch (microfossil).
nannozooid [9883] : c th nh b.
Mt c th a dng nh b c mt xc tu, v
khng c h tiu ha mt s ng vt dng
Ru Mi hp (Stenolaemata).
nant [9884] : thung lng nh c dng chy.
Na-phlogopite [9885] : phlogopit natri.
413
 Tng t phlogopit cha Na, Na thay th K
trong v tr gia mng.
naphtha [9886] : du m.
Napoleonville [9887] : Napoleonville.
Bc Bc M. Miocen (nm trn Anahauc,
nm di H Vt).
nappe [9888] : lp ph chm, khi a di,
dng dung nham.
1- (kt) Khi ln ph chm ln cc
khc. Khi ln c ngun gc t ni khc
(ngoi a) chuyn ng trt trn mt ngang
n v tr mi chm ph ln cc khc theo c
ch t gy nghch, np un on hoc c hai
loi . Thut ng c dng u tin l
"nappe de recouvrement" ch cc lp
ngoi a rng ln ty Alps v c a vo
ting Anh. Ting c tng ng vi t
"Decke", ngha l "ph", t ny i khi cng
c dng trong ting Anh.
2- Dng dung nham. n: lava flow.
nappe outlier [9889] : khi tng st
ng thc.
n: klippe.
Narizian [9890] : Nariz.
Bc Bc M. Eocen trung (nm trn
Ulastis, nm di Refug).
narrow [9891] : khe hp thoi.
Phn thu hp ca thung lng, o hoc hang
ng, thung lng hp, o hp.
narrow band filter [9892] : b lc di hp.
B lc dng trong a vt l ch cho qua cc
tn hiu c tn s nm trong mt di hp.
narsarsukite [9893] : narsarsukit.
Khong vt mu vng: Na2(Ti,Fe)Si4(O,F)11.
nase [9894] : mi t.
n: naze.
Nasinite [9895] : nasinit.
Khong vt h n nghing: NaB10O17.7H2O,
lng hnh vi ezcunit.
nasledovite [9896] : nasledovit.
Khong vt: PbMn3Al4(CO3)4O5.5H2O.
nasonite [9897] : nasonit
Khong vt mu trng: Ca4Pb6Si6O21Cl2.
Na-spar [9898] : spar natri.
n: sodium feldspar; soda spar.
nastrophite [9899] : nastrophit.
Khong vt: Na(Sr,Ba)PO4.9H2O.
natanite [9900] : natanit
Khong vt: FeSn(OH)6 thuc nhm
shoenflisit.
national meridian [9901]:kinh tuyn quc gia.
Kinh tuyn c chn i qua mt quc gia,
c bit gip tham kho kinh ca quc
gia .
natisite [9902] : natisit.
Khong vt h bn phng: Na2(TiO)(SiO4).
native element [9903] : nguyn t t sinh.
Nguyn t gp trong thin nhin trng thi
khng kt hp, nhng khng k cc cht kh, c
khong 20 nguyn t t sinh trong 3 nhm: kim
loi, na kim loi v khng kim loi. Trong
nhm kim loi c cc nguyn t t sinh nh
vng, bc, ng, st, thy ngn, iridi, ch,
paladi v platin. Trong nhm na kim loi c
antimon, arsen, bismut, telur. Trong nhm
khng kim loi c carbon, sulfur v selen.
native metal [9904] : kim loi t sinh.
native uranium [9905] : urani t sinh.
Urani t nhin l mt hn hp gm U238
(chim 99,3%), U235 (chim 0,7%), cn gi l
natural uranium, normal uranium.
native water [9906] : nc chn vi.
NATM [9907] : phng php NATM, phng
php o hm mi ca o. Vit tt t : New
Austrian Tunneling Method.
Phng php c p dng trong khi o
cc tuyn ng hm xuyn qua dy ni Alps
o. c im ca phng php l p dng h
thng tr lc ch yu gm neo v b tng
phun, tn dng ti a kh nng t chng ,
iu chnh ca khi , quan trc hnh vi, ng
x ca khi vy quanh ng hm mt cch
lin tc v tr lc b sung tc thi ti nhng
ni, theo cc s liu quan trc, xy ra bin
dng, chuyn dch ng hm vt qu mc
cho php.
natrite [9908] : natrit.
Khong vt: Na2CO3.
natroalunite [9909] : natroalunit.
Khong vt nhm alunit: NaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6,
ng hnh vi alunit. n: almeriite.
natroarosite [9910] : natroarosit.
Khong vt mu nu-vng nht n mu
vng, thuc nhm alunit: NaFe2(SO4)2(OH)6.
natrobistantite [9911] : natrobistantit.
Khong vt: (Na,Cr)Bi(Ta,Nb,Sb)4O12, tng
t vi cestibtantit v thuc nhm pyroclor.
natroborocalcite [9912] : natroborocalcit.
n: ulexite.
natrochalcite [9913] : natrochalcit.
Khong vt mu xanh-emerald:
NaCu2(SO4)2(OH).H2O.
natrodufrenite [9914] : natrodufrenit.
Khong vt giu natri nhm dufrenit:
(Na )(Fe+3,Fe+2)(Fe+3,Al)5(PO4)4(OH)6.2H2O.
natrofairchildite [9915] : natrofairchildit.
Khong vt : Na2Ca(CO3)2 ging vi
nyerereit.
414
 natrojarosite [9916] : natrojarosit.
Khong vt mu nu, vng nht n mu
vng, thuc nhm alumit: NaFe2(SO4)2(OH)6.
n: utahite.
natrolite [9917] : natrolit.
Khong vt zeolit: Na2Al2Si3O10.2H2O, thnh
thong cha calci, c dng hnh thon mnh d,
hnh kim hoc tinh th hnh lng tr.
n: mosotype (mineral); needle zeolite.
natromontebrasite [9918] : natromontebrasit.
Khong vt: (Na,Li)AlPO4(OH,F), ng
hnh vi amblygonit v montebrasit.
n: fremontite.
natron [9919] : natron.
Khong vt h n nghing, mu trng, vng
hoc xm: Na2CO3.10H2O, d tan trong nc v
tn ti trong dung dch hoc trong mui.
natronisbite [9920] : natronisbit.
Khong vt h n nghing: NaNbO3, lng
tnh vi lueshit.
natrophilite [9921] : natrophilit.
Khong vt: NaMn(PO4).
natrophosphate [9922] : natrophosphat.
Khong vt h lp phng:
Na6H(PO4)2F. 17H2O.
natrosilite [9923] : natrosilit.
Khong vt h n nghing: Na2Si2O5.
natrotantite [9924] : natrotantit.
Khong vt: NaTa3O8.
natural arch [9925] : cung cong t nhin.
Cu t nhin hnh thnh do nc xi mn;
b bin hnh cung; sea arch. n: arch.
natural area [9926] : khu t nhin.
Phm vi t hoc nc t nhin cn gi c
c im hoang s, c h ng thc vt qu
him hoc ang b tuyt chng, c cc c im
kho c, khoa hc, lch s,... c gi tr lch s
v gio dc.
natural asphalt [9927] : asphalt t nhin.
natural bridge [9928] : cu t nhin.
Cu bng hnh thnh do xi mn, bc qua
vc hoc thung lng. Di tch mi hang vi b
sp l, b bin hnh cung, hnh cung t nhin.
n: karst bridge
natural coke [9929] : than cc t nhin.
n: carbonite; coke coal; cokeite; native
coke; finger coal; blind coal; cinder coal.
natural disasters [9930] : cc tai bin
t nhin.
Cc tai bin do nhng tc nhn thin nhin
gy ra nh: ng t, hot ng ni la, l lt,
bo, sng thn, v.v.
natural frequency [9931] : tn s t nhin.
Tn s dao ng t nhin ca vt th.
natural gas [9932] : kh t nhin (kh
thin nhin).
Hydrocarbon tn ti th kh hoc hi
nhit v p sut bnh thng. Trong kh t
nhin, methan chim ch yu v quan trng,
cn c etan, propan v cc kh khc. Kh t
nhin c th l ring r hoc ng hnh
vi du.
natural gas liquids [9933] : dung th cha kh
t nhin.
Hydrocarbon xut hin t nhin di dng
kh hoc trong dung dch ln vi du trong
bn cha.
natural gasoline [9934] : xng t nhin.
Hydrocarbon lng c thu li bng cch
nn p, chng ct v hp th.
n: condensate; distillate.
natural glass [9935] : thy tinh t nhin.
Cht thy tinh v c, v nh hnh ng
cng qu nhanh t magma. Thy tinh t nhin
thnh phn granit (acid) l pmic v obsidian;
thnh phn basalt l tachylit.
natural horizon [9936] : ng chn tri
biu kin.
natural landscape [9937] : cnh quan t nhin
Cnh quan t nhin khng b xo trn bi
hot ng ca con ngi (ngc vi "cnh quan
vn hc" l kt qu ca s tc ng ca con
ngi), n bao gm cc dng a hnh v thm
thc vt t nhin ca chng, s tng phn gia
t v nc. n: physical landcape.
natural levee [9938] : t nhin.
Di ct, bn, di, rng, thp hnh thnh do
sng trn bi bi v dc theo hai bn lng. N
c dc nh ( khong 60cm/km), cao ln
nht t 14m trn bi bi.
n: levee; raised bank; spill bank.
naturally carbonated natural mineral water
[9939] : nc khong thin nhin cha kh CO2
t nhin.
Nc khong ng chai gi nguyn kh CO2
sn c (nc khong carbonic), hoc nu trong
qu trnh ng chai kh b hao ht th c np
li bng chnh ngun kh CO2 tch ra t nc
khong t hm lng nguyn thy.
natural mineral water [9940] : nc khong
thin nhin.
Nc khong c khai thc t ging khoan
hay mch l trong iu kin bo tn trng thi
thin nhin, khng c s ch bin nhn to lm
thay i tnh cht v thnh phn nguyn thy
ca chng nh pha ng, sir hay mt cht
ngoi lai khc (tr mt s trng hp c php
nh kh trng bng tia cc tm, np kh
CO2, v.v.).
415
 natural radioactive isotope [9941] : ng v
phng x t nhin.
natural radioactivity [9942] : tnh phng x
t nhin.
natural radioelement [9943] : nguyn t
phng x t nhin.
natural radioisotope [9944] : ng v phng
x t nhin.
natural remanent magnetism [9945] : t d
t nhin.
nhim t m t cn gi li c di h o, ni c th quan trc, o c nhng
tc dng ca trng a t trong sut qu trnh
hnh thnh v tn ti ca n.
natural tunnel [9946] : ngch t nhin.
Hang hu nh nm ngang v h c hai u,
trong c th c dng chy.
n: tunnel vave, tunnel.
natural water content [9947] : hm lng
nc t nhin.
m t nhin ca t.
natural well [9948] : ging t nhin.
H st t nhin ko di xung y di
gng nc v theo nc ngm c th rt i.
naujaite [9949] : naujait.
Syenit nephelin giu sodalit, ht th, na t
hnh, bao gm micro v lng nh albit,
analcim, acmit, amphibol_Na, c kin trc
poikilit. Sodalit c bao bc bi cc khong
vt khc.
naujakasite [9950] : naujakasit.
Khong vt mu trng bc hoc xm nht:
Na6(Fe+2, Mn)Al4Si8O26.
naumannite [9951] : naumanit.
Khong vt ng thc, mu en st: Ag2Se.
nautilicone [9952] : v cun phng.
V Chn u Nautiloidea cun rt cht trn
mt mt phng vi cc vng cun ngoi m ly
cc vng cun trong.
nautiloid [9953] : Chn u dng Nautiloidea.
Chn u thuc mt trong ba phn lp
Nautiloidea, Endoceratoidea v Actino-
ceratoidea, c trng bi siphon nm trung
tm, mt v ngoi thng, cong li hay cun li,
chia phng vi ng khu n gin hn
nhm dng Cc . Trong nhm Chn u ny
hin nay ch cn ging Nautilus. Tui: Cambri
mun n ngy nay.
navajoite [9954] : navajoit.
Khong vt mu nu en: V2O5.3H2O.
naze [9955] : mi t.
n: nase.
nv [9956] : khi tuyt ht cng chc
ngun hoc nh bng h.
neap tide [9957] : k triu rng, triu thp.
Thu triu vi bin nh xut hin hai ln
trong mt thng vo thi k u v cui tun
trng. n: quadrature tide.
near earthquake [9958] : ng t gn.
Cc trn ng t c chn tm nm cch
im quan st khng qu 1000-1200km.
near field domain of an excavation [9959] :
trng nh hng gn quanh cng trnh
khai o.
Trng nh hng xung quanh ng hm,
chuyn dch, bin dng ng k trong t .
Phn bit vi trng khng b nh hng bi
khai o.
near surface undercoring [9960] : phng
php o trng ng sut gn trn mt
Phng php o trng ng sut gn cc mt
l t bng k thut undercoring.
X: stress measurement method.
nearshore [9961] : ven b.
i khng xc nh r, ko di t ng b
nc thp ra ti qua i sng v, nh ranh gii
ca phm vi cc dng chy ven b, i trong b
v mt phn i xa b. su ni chung nh
hn 10m.
nebulite [9962] : nebulit.
Migmatit c thnh phn tng i ng
nht, khng r cc st.
neck [9963] : c, eo, o, hng ni la, ch
tht nt, vng tht nt.
1-(cs) Phn trc tht hp ca phng cha
thn nhng v nn ngn chuyn ha nm gia
ming loe rng v on phng; phn lun tht
hp v thng c ng d dng nm gia u
v vai thn ng vt bn chn.
2-(m) Di hoc i t hp ni hai vng
rng, th d phn thp nht gia hai sng ni,
eo t gia bn o v t lin.
3-(th) Hng ni la: xm nhp dng ng
thng, l ng dn dung nham ng cng.
4-(kt) Tp do xen cc lp cng khi b
bin dng, lp cng b p bin thnh cc
khc di (boudins). Phm vi gia hai khc di
lin tip gi l ch (vng) tht nt.
neck fold [9964] : np un vng tht nt.
Np un ca cc lp do vng tht nt.
neck line [9965] : ng tht nt.
Phm vi gia hai cu to khc di xc nh
theo mt lp.
neck ring [9966] : t gy.
n: occipital ring.
necronite [9967] : necronit.
Loi orthoclas c mu xanh ng nh, s
dng lm qu.
416
 needle [9968] : nh ni hnh kim.
Khi nhn nh cao hnh kim, hnh thnh
do xi mn.
nefedovite [9969] : nefedovit.
Khong vt h ba nghing, gi bn phng:
Na5Ca4(PO4)F.
negative [optics] [9970] : quang m.
Tinh th d hng ca tinh th mt trc,
trong ch s khc x tia bt bnh thng ln
hn ch s tia thng v tinh th hai trc, trong
ch s trung gian ca khc x gn hn so
vi .
negative delta [9971] : ca sng hnh phu.
n: estuary.
negative estuary [9972] : ca sng hnh
phu ngc.
n: Inverse estuary.
negative exponential distribution [9973] :
phn b theo quy lut hm m m.
negative movement [9974] : chuyn ng m.
1- Chuyn ng hng xung ca v Tri
t mt cch tng i so vi nhng vng ln
cn, v d nh s st ln; chuyn ng m ca
lc a. Chuyn ng ny cng c th do
chuyn ng dng ca mc nc bin
gy nn.
2- S h thp ca mc nc bin, v d gy
ra bi chuyn ng dng ca v Tri t hoc
gy ra bi hin tng bin thoi.
negative pore fluid pressure [9975] : p lc
nc l rng m.
p lc nc trong l rng ca t c gi tr
m lm tng cng t nn, th d p lc to bao gm c Berrias (thp nht ca Creta),
nn do mao dn.
negative shoreline [9976] : ng b do nng
lc a.
negative skin friction [9977] : ma st m.
Ma st to nn do dch chuyn ca cc
mng nh hn dch chuyn ca t nn. t
nn treo thm ti trng vo cc. n: negative
wall friction.
negative wall friction [9978] : ma st bn m.
Hay gp trong trng hp mng cc t
trong nn t yu. Lc ma st gia mt bn ca
cc v t nn c th c gi tr m khi t nn
ln nhanh hn cc, to thm ti trng cht
ln cc.
neighborite [9979] : neighborit.
Khong vt h thoi: NaMgF3.
nekoite [9980] : nekoit.
Khong vt h ba nghing: Ca3Si6O15.8H2O.
Ss: okenite.
nekrasovite [9981] : nekrasovit.
Khong vt: Cu26V2Sn6S32, cha Sn tng t
vi colusit.
nelenite [9982] : nelenit.
Khong vt:
(Mn,Fe)16Si12O30(OH)14[As+33O6(OH)3],thuc
friedelit v ng hnh vi shalerit.
nelsonite [9983] : nelsonit.
Nhm xm nhp nng gm ch yu
ilmenit, apatit vi t hoc khng c rutil. T l
ilmenit/apatit thay i trong khong rng.
neltnerite [9984] : neltnerit.
Khong vt : CaMn6SiO12, thuc nhm
braunit.
nematoblastic [9985] : kin trc que bin tinh.
Kin trc c trng cho cc bin cht,
cc tinh th hnh kim que sp xp song song.
nenadkevichite [9986] : nenadkevichit.
Khong vt h thoi:
(Na,Ca,K)(Nb.Ti)Si2O7.2H2O.
nenadkevite [9987] : nenadkevit.
Hn hp ca khong vt uran.
neoblast [9988] : neoblast, bin tinh mi.
Cc ht, tinh th khong vt hnh thnh
mun hn so vi cc khong vt c trc ca
bin cht. Cc neoblast c th ch l mt
khong vt, l mt phn ca vt liu mi to,
hoc sn phm ti kt tinh mun ca cc cu
phn ban u.
Neocene [9989] : Neocen.
T c ca Neogen.
Neocomian [9990] : Neocom.
Lin bc chu u. Creta h (nm trn
Tithon-Volga thng ca Jura, nm di Apti),
Valangin, Hauterive v Barrem.
neocrystallization [9991] : kt tinh mi.
Qu trnh kt tinh hoc ti kt tinh to nn
s pht trin cc khong vt mi.
neodymium [9992] : neody (Nd).
Nguyn t ha hc s 60, nguyn t lng
144,243; t trng 7,008 g/cm3, c 6 ng v bn
v 28 khng bn, thuc nhm kim loi nng,
REE, lithophil. Hm lng Nd trong v lc a
trn l 25,9 ppm. Cc khong vt tiu biu l
monazit, bastnaezit, cerite, allanite. Phng
php phn tch: ICP-MS. Dng Nd trong cc
ngnh laze, thy tinh, vt liu quang t, s cch
in, men gm.
neoformation [9993] : thnh to mi.
n: neogenesis.
Neogaea [9994] : Neogaea.
Khong thi gian bao gm c Phanerozoi v
Proterozoi thng, 1600 triu nm gn y.
Thut ng do cc nh a cht Nga s dng.
Khng c nhm vi Neogen.
417
 Neogene [9995] : Neogen.
Khong thi gian ko di khong 25 triu
nm bao gm Miocen v Pliocen ca k tam
( tam mun), phn v a tng tng ng
l Neogen do Hoernes (1853) xc lp. Nu
tam c coi nh mt i th Neogen cng vi
Paleogen tr thnh hai k. n: Neocene.
neoglaciation [9996] : bng h mi.
S ti pht trin bng h ni trong thi k
Holocen mun.
Neognathae [9997] : hm mi.
Mt lin b ca phn lp chim mi
(Neornithes), gm khong 25 b vi tt c cc
loi chim, tr cc loi sng mt t v cc
chim c rng i Mesozoi.
neomagma [9998] : magma mi.
Magma to bi s nng chy mt phn hoc
hon ton c trc trong iu kin bin
cht su.
neomineralization [9999] : to khong mi.
Trao i thnh phn ha hc trong lm
cho cc khong vt hin c bin i thnh cc
khong vt mi.
neornthes [10000] : Chim mi.
Mt phn lp chim bao gm tt c cc ging
chim tr ging Arrchaeopteryx Jura mun.
neosome [10001] : neosom.
Th hoc qung hnh thnh mun hn so
vi khi chnh (paleosom), v d s xm
nhp vo c kt hoc to mi migmatit.
neostratotype [10002] : neostratotyp, chun
a tng (mt ct chun) thay th.
Chun a tng (stratotyp) c chn mi
thay th cho chun a tng (stratotyp) c
nhng b ph hy v l do no hay quyt
nh hy b.
neotectonic map [10003] : bn tn
kin to.
Bn minh ho cu trc a cht trong giai
on tn kin to.
neotectonics [10004] : tn kin to
Mn hc v cc cu trc v lch s cu trc
ca v Tri t trong giai on tn kin to.
neovolcanic [10005] : ni la mi.
Cc ni ni la tui tam hoc tr hn.
nepheline [10006] : nephelint
Khong vt h su phng: (Na,K)AlSiO4,
thuc nhm feldsparoit. C dng tinh th hoc
dng khng mu, thng c trong magma kim
v l thnh phn ch yu trong mt s
giu natri.
n: nephelite, eleolite.
nepheline basalt [10007] : basalt nephelin.
n: olivine nephelinite
nepheline syenite [10008] : syenit nephelin.
xm nhp su c thnh phn ch yu t
fenpat kim v nephelin, c th c khong vt
mafic kim: amphibol kim (ribeckit,
acvetxonit, backevitit) hoc pyroxen kim
(acmit, acmit-ogit). Cc khong vt ph thng
gp l sodalit, cancrinit, hauyn, zozean v
khong vt t him. tng ng vi ni la
phonolit.
nephelinite [10009] : nephelinit.
phun tro hoc xm nhp nng, kin trc
ht mn hoc pocphyr c thnh phn ch yu
gm nepheline v pyroxen xin, ngho olivin
v feldspar.
nephelinitoid [10010] : nephelinitoid.
1- Phn nn ca magma giu nephelin.
2- Nn thy tinh ca cc cha nephelin.
nephelite [10011] : nephelit.
n: nepheline.
nephlinolith [10012] : nephelinolit.
phun tro c thnh phn hon ton t
nephelin.
nephrite [10013] : nephrit.
Amphibol (tremolit hoc actinolit) ht mn
c tnh cht c bit dai, chc, mu lc nht,
xanh nht, l mt loi ngc c gi tr, trc y
c eo theo ngi nh loi thuc cha thn.
nepioconch [10014] : v non.
Phn sinh ra sm nht ca v hu u trng
Thn mm hai mnh, phn tch vi phn sinh
mun hn bi mt gin on d thy.
nepouite [10015] : nepuit.
Khong vt h n nghing: Ni3Si2O5(OH)4,
thuc nhm kaolinit-serpentin ca silicat lp.
Neptune [10016] : Sao Hi Vng.
neptune's racetrack [10017] : ct hnh
thnh do dng nc xoy.
neptunian [10018] : ngi theo thuyt
thy sinh.
1- Ngi theo thuyt thy sinh, gii thch
ngun gc cc bng thuyt thy sinh.
2- Cc hnh thnh t nc.
neptunism [10019] : thuyt thy sinh.
Hc thuyt do A.G. Werner xut, cho
rng cc ca v Tri t u bao gm cc
thnh phn tch t hoc kt tinh t nc.
neptunite [10020] : neptunitt
Khong vt mu en:
Na2KLi(Fe,Mn)2 Ti2Si8O24.
Ss: mangan-neptunite.
neptunium [10021] : neptuni (Np).
Nguyn t ha hc s 93, nguyn t lng
237,0482; c 20 ng v khng bn, thuc dy
actini, nhm kim loi nng. c dng d
418
neutron.
nesophitic [10022] : nesophitic.
Kin trc ca xm nhp, ch yu l diaba
v gabro, trong pyroxen lp y khong
trng gia cc tm plagioclas v phn b cc
khong khc bit.
nesquehonite [10023] : nesquehonit.
Khong vt khng mu hoc mu trng:
Mg(HCO3)(OH)2H2O, tinh th lng tr.
ness [10024] : mi t.
im nh ca t lin ra bin.
nested [10025] : ni la dng t.
1- Cc chp, ming ni la, h st ni la,
trong ci ny phn b trong ci khc.
2- Hai hoc nhiu h st ni la chng cho
ln nhau v hnh thnh trong cc thi gian
khc nhau.
nested sinkholes [10026] : thung lng karst.
n: karst valley.
net [struc petrol] [10027] : mng cu trc
thch lun.
Hnh chiu cu hoc na cu, trong h
thng cc ng kinh tuyn, v tuyn to nn h
ta cch nhau 2o. Mng c s dng xc
nh v ni cc im to nn cc ng
phng, cc ng vung gc vi dng chy,
cc trc tinh th.
net sand map [10028] : bn b dy thc
ca tng ct.
Bn trn v b dy thc ca cc
tng ct.
net slip [10029] : trt thc.
Trn mt t gy, khong cch gia hai
im ln cn lc u b trt i do t gy, o neutron chm ca ht nhn nguyn t cc
trn mt trt hoc song song vi chng.
net transfer reaction [10030] : phn ng cn
bng tin.
Phn ng cn bng gia cc pha hoc cc
thnh phn ca pha m tin trnh ca phn ng
s lm gim s lng hnh thi pha.
network cave [10031] : hang dng mng mch
Hang gm cc ngch thng nhau nh mng
li vung. n: maze cave.
network deposit [10032] : trm tch dng
mng mch.
neutral depth [10033] : chiu su bnh thng
n: normal depth.
neutral dune [10034] : n ct trung ha.
n ct nh khng theo quy lut.
neutral estuary [10035] : ca sng hnh phu.
Ca sng khng c nc ngt chy vo,
cng khng bay hi.
neutral point [10036] : im trung tnh.
im ti c ng sut bng khng.
neutral pressure [10037] : p lc nc trong
l rng ca t.
neutral shoreline [10038]:ng b trung ha.
ng b c nhng c im ch yu khng
ph thuc vo s ngp chm ca b mt lc a
hoc b mt c trc . ng b l sn phm
khng phi do s thay i gii hn tng i
gia t v nc. l ng b ca tam gic
chu, cc ng bng aluvi v cc ng bng ra
tri, cc ni la, cc rn san h cng nh cc
ng b to nn do t gy.
neutral soil [10039] : t trung tnh.
t c pH = 7; trong thc t t trung tnh
c pH t 6,6 ti 7,3.
neutral surface [10040] : mt trung tnh, b
mt khng c p lc.
Mt khng b bin dng. Mt trong cc
lp khng b bin dng di khi un np.
neutron activation log [10041] : carota
neutron kch hot.
Phng php carota o cng bc x
gamma khi chiu dng neutron vo t th
ht nhn ca cc nguyn t nh: Al, Na, Cl, Mg
s bt gi neutron v tr thnh cc ng v
phng x, pht x cc tia gamma. Carota
neutron kch hot c s dng xc nh
thnh phn thch hc, xc nh ranh gii giu
nc, pht hin cc va qung nhm v mangan
c ging khoan ct qua.
neutron gamma log [10042] : carota neutron-
gamma.
Phng php carota o cng cc bc x
gamma c to ra do hin tng bt gi cc
nguyn t t . Phng php ny c s
dng xc nh ranh gii du-nc, kh-nc,
du-kh v rng ca t dc thnh
ging khoan.
neutron log [10043] : carota neutron.
Phng php carota o cng ca dng
neutron hay cng ca cc bc x gamma,
c to ra do hin tng bt gi cc neutron
chm bi ht nhn nguyn t ca cc nguyn t
t khi cc ht nhn b bn ph bi cc
neutron. Carota neutron c phn thnh nh:
carota neutron-gamma v carota neutron-
neutron.
neutron neutron log [10044] : carota neutron-
neutron.
Phng php carota o s thay i mt
dng neutron nhit v siu nhit dc thnh
ging khoan. Mt dng cc neutron siu
nhit ph thuc ch yu vo kh nng lm
chm cc neutron ca t , cn mt ca
cc dng neutron nhit th chu nh hng hp
419
th ca t do hiu ng "bt gi" neutron.
Cc tnh cht trn ca t ph thuc vo hm
lng cc nguyn t hydro v clo cha trong
nn carota neutron neutron c s dng xc
nh thnh phn thch hc, rng cng nh
xc nh cc ranh gii du-nc, kh-nc dc
thnh ging khoan.
neutron soil moisture meter [10045] : m k
neutron.
My o m ca t da vo o mt
dng neutron hay cng ca cc bc x
gamma khi bn ph ht nhn nguyn t t
bng dng ht neutron. My gm ngun pht
neutron v ng m neutron hay ng m cc
tia gamma.
nevada twin law [10046] : lut song tinh
Nevada.
Lut song tinh song song him ca feldspar
vi trc song tinh [112].
nevadit [10047] : nevadit.
Riolit cha s lng ln cc ban tinh thch
anh, feldspar, biotit, hornblend trn nn vi
khi lng nh.
nevskite [10048] : nevskit.
Khong vt: Bi(Se,S).
newberyite [10049] : newberyit.
Khong vt h thoi, mu trng:
HMgPO4.3H2O.
new-global tectonics [10050] : kin to ton
cu mi.
Thut ng tng qut c s dng cho kin
to ton cu (global tectonics) trn c s nhng
khi nim tri dt lc a (continental drift),
tch dn y bin (sea-floor spreading), t gy
bin dng, hot ng chm nghch su ca
thch quyn (v v manti trn cng) cc cung
o v chng c s dng ton din cho vic
phn tch ton cu i vi nhng chuyn ng
c lin quan ca cc mnh v c xc lp bi
cc ai a chn ch yu.
newland lake [10051] : h t mi.
H c hnh thnh trn ch trng vn l
y bin, mi c nng ln.
newlandite [10052] : newlendit.
Griquaite cha grana, enstantit, v diopsid
crom. (Thut ng khng nn dng).
New Stone Age [10053] : thi i mi,
Neolithic.
nexin [10054] : mng trong.
Ss: sexine.
neyite [10055] : neyit.
Khong vt: Pb7(Cu,Ag)2Bi6S17.
ngurumanite [10056] : ngurumanit.
xm nhp nng thnh phn nephelin,
pyroxen nghing vi nn giu st, gm cc
silicat dng l calcit v analcim.
Niagaran [10057] : Niagara.
Thng khu vc Bc M. Silur trung (nm
trn Alexandr, nm di Cayug).
niahite [10058] : niahit.
Khong vt trong hang ng:
NH4(Mn,Mg,Ca)PO4.H2O.
niche [10059] : hc, hm.
Hang nng hoc mi nh c hnh thnh do
phong ha v xi mn gn chn vch gc
hoc vch mi mn, di chn thc.
nichromite [10060] : nicromit.
Khong vt nhm spinel:
(Ni,Co,Mg,Mn,Fe+2)(Cr,Fe+3,Al,Ti)2O4.
nick [10061] :
Ni trc din sng cong t ngt. Hc c
vch nhn chn vch ng do sng, dng
chy hoc bng ct vo.
n: knick.
nickel [10062] : nickel (Ni).
Tn La tinh l niccolum. Nguyn t ha hc
s 28, nguyn t lng 58,6934; t trng
8,902g/cm3, c 5 ng v bn v 19 khng bn,
thuc nhm kim loi nng, chalcophil,
siderophil. Hm lng Ni trong cc (ppm):
v lc a trn l 18,6; siu mafic 2000; gabro-
basalt 130; granit granodiorit 5; phin 70;
trong t 20, trong nc i dng
0,00056mg/l; nc sng sui 0,0003mg/l. Cc
khong vt tiu biu l nickeline (NiAs),
gersdorffite (NiAsS), pentlandite (Fe,Ni)9S8, Ni-
pyrrhotite (Fe1-xS) c cha 5% Ni, kullerudite
NiSe2, ullmannite NiSbS, polydymite Ni3S4,
garnierite (Ni,Mg)3Si2O5(OH)4. Phng php
phn tch: ICP-MS, ICP-AES, XRF. Ni c
dng trong cc ngnh luyn thp, c hn
3000 hp kim c cha Ni, pin, cht to mu,
xc tc, bng t.
nickel antimony glance [10063] : qung
nickel-antimony.
Ullmanite NiSbS, khong vt mu xm thp
ti en cha nickel-antimone v sulfur, c mt
t As, dng khi, nh kim loi.
nickel glance [10064] : sulfur Ni-As.
NiAsS, cn gi l gersdorffite l khong vt
mu trng bc n xm thp, rt ging cobaltite
v c th cha mt t Fe v Co.
nickel iron [10065] : nickel st.
Mt loi hp kim Ni v Fe c trong cui si
v trong c thin thch.
n: awaruite, josephinite.
nickel ocher [10066] : ocher nickel, nickel son
n: annabergite.
nickel pyrites [10067] : pyrit nickel (NiS).
420
 Khong vt mu vng ng, thng c thm
cc nguyn t Co, Cu v Fe.
n: capillary pyrites, hairs pyrites.
nickel skutterudite [10068]:nickel skuterudit.
Khong vt ng thc mu trng thic n
xm thp (Ni,Co)As3, c th cha Fe v c
trng cho qung nickel c gi tr, thng i
cng vi smaltit v skuterudit.
n: chloanthite, white nickel.
nickel vitriol [10069] : sulfat nickel.
Khong vt mu lc nht n xanh to
NiSO4.7H2O, c th c c Mg. n: morenosite.
nickel zippeite [10070] : zipeit-nickel.
Khong vt h thoi:
Ni2(UO2)6(SO4)3(OH)10.16H2O.
nickelbischofite [10071] : nickelbischofit.
Khong vt: NiCl2.6H2O.
nickelblodite [10072] : nickelblodit.
Khong vt: Na2Ni(SO4)2.4H2O.
nickelhexahydrite [10073] : nickelhexahydrit
Khong vt : (Ni,Mg,Fe)SO4.6H2O.
nickeline [10074] : nickelin.
Khong vt h su phng, mu -hng
nht: NiAs, l khong vt qung ch yu ca
nickel v c cha mt t Sb, Co, Fe v S.
n: niccolite; arsenical nickel; copper
nickel; kupfernickel.
nickpoint [10075] : ngng.
Ch gy ca sn. n: knickpoint.
nicol [10076] : nicol.
Thu knh nicol, b phn to ra nh sng
phn cc.
nicol prism [10077] : lng knh nicol.
Cp lng knh phn cc v phn tch dng
phn tch mu thch hc trong knh hin vi
phn cc. Nicol di dng nicol phn cc t
di bn knh. Nicol trn hay nicol phn tch
t trn vt knh. n: polarizing prism.
nicopyrite [10078] : nicopirit.
n: pentlandite.
nifontovite [10079] : nifontovit.
Khong vt: Ca3B6O6(OH)12.2H2O.
nigerite [10080] : nigerit.
Khong vt mu nu-sm:
(Zn,Mg,Fe2+)(Sn, Zn)2(Al, Fe3+)12O22(OH)2.
Niggli molecular norm [10081] : nh mc
phn t Nigli
Niggli number [10082] : ch s Nigli.
n: Niggli value.
Niggli value [10083] : ch s Nigli.
Cc ch s c tnh ton t thnh phn ha
hc cc da trn t s cc t l s lng phn niocalite [10097] : niocalit.
t. T l s lng phn t ca SiO2 vi tng s
lng phn t ca cc oxyt to () l c s
si, ca Al2O3 vi l al, ca (FeO+Fe2O3+
MgO) vi l fm, ca CaO vi l c, ca
(Na2O3 + K2O) vi l alk.
niggliite [10084] : niglit.
Khong vt mu trng-bc: PtSn.
Niggli's classification [10085]:phn loi Nigli.
Phn loi magma ca Nigli (1920, Thy
S) theo thnh phn ha hc, bin i v n
gin ha phn loi Ozan.
nigritite [10086] : nigritit.
Bitum giu carbon b ha than.
niklesite [10087] : niklesit.
Pyroxenit cha c 3 pyroxen: diopsid,
enstantit v dialag. (Thut ng c).
niligongite [10088] : niligongit.
Foidit xm nhp c thnh phn trung gian
gia fergusit v ijolit, cha nephelin v leucit
vi hm lng bng nhau v 30-60% khong
vt mafic. (Thut ng khng nn dng).
nimesite [10089] : nimesit.
Khong vt nhm kaolinit-serpentin:
(Ni, Mg)2Al(Si,Al)O5(OH)4.
nimite [10090] : nimit.
Khong vt khi tm mt ba thuc nhm
clorit, trong Ni l cation ha tr 2 chim
u th.
ningyoite [10091] : ningyoit.
Khong vt mu xanh-nu nht n mu
nu: (U,Ca,Ce)2 (PO4)2.1-2H2O, ph bn ngoi
qung uran.
niningerite [10092] : niningerit.
Khong vt thin thch: (Mg, Fe, Mn)S.
niobite [10093] : niobit.
Columbite.
niobium [10094] : niobi (Nb).
Nguyn t ha hc s 41, nguyn t lng
92,9603; t trng 8,57 g/cm3, c 1 ng v bn
v 41 khng bn, thuc nhm khng kim loi
nng, lithophil. Hm lng Nb trong cc
(ppm): v lc a trn l 26; siu mafic 1;
gabro-basalt 10; granit granodiorit 18; phin
17; trong t 12. Cc khong vt tiu biu l
pyroclor, columbit-tantalit. Phng php phn
tch: ICP-MS.
niobo aeschynite [10095] : niobo aesynit.
Khong vt h thoi:
(Ce,Ca,Th)(Nb,Ti)2(O,OH)6 cng lot vi
aeshynit.
niobophyllite [10096] : niobophylit.
Khong vt:
(K,Na)3(Fe2+,Mn)6(Nb,Ti)2Si8(O,OH,F)31.
Khong vt h thoi, mu vng nht :
Ca4NbSi2O10(O,F).
421
 nip [10098] : vch mi mn rt thp, nh.
Hc chn vch mi mn. l nhng
dng khi u trong s pht trin ng b do
qu trnh nng ln.
nisbite [10099] : nisbit.
Khong vt: Ni Sb2.
nissonite [10100] : nisonit.
Khong vt: Cu2Mg2(PO4)2(OH)2.5H2O.
niter [10101] : niter.
1- Khong vt h thoi, mu trng: KNO3, l
tinh th mui d tan, sn phm ca nitro ha
ca t trng vng nng. Ss: soda niter.
n: saltpeter.
2- Thut ng ch cc loi mui, gm natron
v soda niter.
nitratine [10102] : nitratin.
n: soda niter.
nitre [10103] : nitre.
n: niter.
nitrobarite [10104] : nitrobarit.
Khong vt khng mu: Ba(NO3)2.
nitrocalcite [10105] : nitrocalcit.
Khong vt: Ca(NO3)2.4H2O.
n: wall saltpeter.
nitrogen [10106] : nitrogen (N), nit.
Tn La tinh l nitrogenium. Nguyn t ha
hc s 7, nguyn t lng 14,0067; t trng
0,00125 g/cm3, thuc nhm khng kim loi
nh, atmophil, biophil. C 2 ng v bn v 10
khng bn. Hm lng N trong v lc a trn
l 83 ppm; trong nc i dng 0,5mg/l. Cc
khong vt tiu biu l niter (KNO3), soda-niter
(NaNO3), cc nitrat khc v osbornit (TiN). Sn
lng hng nm khong 120 triu tn. Gi th
trng 0,25 USD/kg (NaNO3, 98%). c
s dng trong ngnh ha, phn bn, kh tr
trong phng th nghim, lm lnh, trong cng
ngh hn.
nitrogen fixation [10107] : c nh m.
Trong t, s chuyn i nitrogen kh quyn
sang dng kt hp bi cc qu trnh trao i
cht ca mt s to, vi khun v nm.
nitromagnesite [10108] : nitromagnesit.
Khong vt: Mg(NO3)2.6H2O.
nitrophyte [10109] : nitrophyt.
Loi cy cn t c nhiu nit pht trin.
nival karst [10110] : karst ni cao
nivation glacier [10111] : bng h "mi
sinh" nh.
Biu th giai on u ca s hnh thnh
bng h.
nivo karst [10112] : karst tuyt.
Mt c trng ca vng ra bng h, phong
ha ha hc bn di lp tuyt to nn a hnh
ging karst.
NOAA [10113] : nh vin thm kh tng.
Vit tt t : National Oceanic and Atmos-
pheric Administration (Hoa K).
noble gas [10114] : kh tr.
n: inert gas.
noble metal [10115] : kim loi qu.
Nh : vng, bc, platin, v.v. Ss: base metal.
nobleite [10116] : nobleit.
Khong vt n nghing CaB6O10.4H2O.
nocerite [10117] : nocerit (fluoborit).
node [10118] : nt, giao im.
1- Hay gp trong cc m hnh s tr v d :
phn t hu hn, phn t bin, sai phn hu
hn,v.v. trong trng ang xem xt c
chia theo mng li thnh mt h thng cc nt
c a ch, trt t xc nh. Cc n s ca bi
ton t ra i vi ton b trng c tm li
gii tng nt. Th d trong bi ton ng sut
bin dng ca mt trng t gii bng
phng php phn t hu hn, yu cu t ra l
phi xc nh thay i trng thi ng sut, bin
dch chuyn, hng dch chuyn ca ton b
trng khi c mt ngoi lc tc dng. Khi ,
trng s c chia nh ra thnh nhiu phn t,
mi phn t gm nhiu nt hp thnh v li
gii s phi c tm cho mi nt ca ton
b trng.
2- (tc) Cc ng bao min trong bn
GIS gm nhiu nt. Cc nt ny c th b xo,
thay i v tr.
nodular iron ore [10119] : qung st dng ht
nodular ore [10120] : qung dng ht.
nodule [10121] : bao th .
xm nhp ht th, hnh thnh su
ln tn ti trong cc phun tro dng bao
th, nh bao th peridotit trong basalt olivin.
noise [10122] : n, nhiu, tp nhiu.
1- Khi nim c s dng rng ri trong
a vt l ch cc phn trng khng cha
cc thng tin c ch v i tng kho st, gy
tr ngi cho vic quan st cc thng tin c ch,
lin quan vi cc i tng a cht cn kho
st. Phng n my, nhiu in cng nghip,
nhiu vi a chn, sng phn x nhiu ln, v.v.
l cc loi nhiu gy tr ngi cho cc kho st
a vt l. Hn ch chng l nhim v quan
trng ca qu trnh kho st a vt l.
2- Nhng tn hiu khng mong mun hoc
ngu nhin khc vi tn hiu mong mun. Mi
tp hp thng tin u c tp nhiu v nu tp
nhiu qu ln th d liu c th b ln t mt.
noise pollution [10123] : nhim ting n.
S xo ng mi trng bi nhng m thanh
422
c cng ln, vt tiu chun quy nh, c
hi cho thnh gic, pht sinh t mt ngun ting
ng no (nh ting my chy trong xng
c kh, ting n mn mt cng trng, ting
xe c chy trn ng, v.v.).
noise problems associated with production
blasts [10124] : n.
Vn v ting n trong n mn sn xut.
n: blasting.
noise suppression [10125] : trit, lm
yu nhiu.
S liu o c thc t bao gm hai thnh
phn tn hiu v nhiu. Trong nhiu trng hp
thnh phn th hai li mnh hn rt nhiu, v
vy phi p dng cc b lc thng k trit
hoc t nht l lm yu nhiu i.
nolanite [10126] : nolanit.
Khong vt h su phng, mu en:
Fe3V7O16.
nonarborescent pollen [10127] : phn hoa
ca thc vt khng c thn g.
Phn hoa ca loi cy khng c thn g nh
cy bi v c. n: nontree pollen.
noncarbonate hardness [10128] : cng phi
carbonat.
cng ca nc do cc mui sunfat,
clorua ca calci v magnesi gy nn. N tn ti
sau khi un si nc nn cn c gi l
cng vnh vin ( cng thng xuyn).
n: permanent hardness.
noncoaxial [10129] : khng ng trc.
noncoaxial deformation [10130] : bin dng
khng ng trc.
Hin tng bin dng theo cc phng trc
khc nhau.
noncohesive [10131] : khng kt dnh.
Mt s loi t, chng hn ct, trong sc
bn khng ct ch gm c thnh phn ni ma
st, lc dnh kt c coi nh bng khng.
n: cohensionless.
nonconformable [10132] : khng chnh hp.
Lin quan vi khng chnh hp. C tnh
khng chnh hp; quan h khng chnh hp.
nonconformity [10133] : khng chnh hp.
Thut ng c dng cho cu to khng
chnh hp gia lp ph l trm tch trn
mng l magma, bin cht.
noncyclic terrace [10134]:thm khng chu k.
Mt vi thm sng hin th c hnh thnh
t y thung lng c trong khi thung ko di li
b xi ngang su sc.
nondepositional unconformity [10135] : bt
chnh hp khng tch t, chnh hp.
Thut ng c s dng ch mt b mt
khng tch t trong trm tch bin.
n: paraconfomity.
nondetrital [10136] : khng c vn
phong ha.
Vt liu trm tch nhn c t s ha tan
bng phng thc l ha, sinh ha, bao gm c
cc khong vt ti sinh c hnh thnh sau
khi c tch t trm tch. Trong chu trnh xi
mn tip theo, vt liu khng c vn c th
tr thnh c vn .
nonesite [10137] : nonesit.
Basalt porphyr bao gm cc ban tinh
enstantit, labradorit v augit trn nn ca
plagioclas v augit. (Thut ng c).
nonflowing artesian well [10138] : ging
artezi khng t chy.
Ging artezi c mc p lc nc thp hn
mt t nn khng t chy ra ngoi.
nonideal solution [10139] : dung dch khng
l tng.
Dung dch trong s tng tc phn t
gia cc hp phn l khng ging nhau nh
trong phm vi tng hp phn.
non-isotropic [10140] : khng ng hng.
n: anisotropic, anisotropy.
non-ore anomaly [10141] : d thng
khng qung
D thng khng lin quan vi m qung,
c hnh thnh do tc ng ca con ngi
hoc do cc qu trnh ha l xy ra trong i
biu sinh.
nonplunging fold [10142] : np un
nm ngang.
Np un c ng nh nm ngang.
nonrotational strain [10143] : bin dng
khng xoay.
Hin tng bin dng khng km theo hin
tng xoay ca vt th b bin dng.
nonstrophic [10144]:c np khng song song.
V Tay cun c mp sau khng song song
vi trc bn l.
nonsystematic joints [10145] : cc khe nt
khng c tnh h thng.
Cc khe nt khng xp c thnh i,
thng chm dt mt phn lp.
nontectonite [10146] : phi tectonit.
Cc loi c cu to khng chu nh hng
chuyn ng ca cc hin tng kin to. Loi
c hnh thnh bi s sp xp c hc.
nonthermal spring [10147] : mch nc
khng nng.
Mch nc c nhit khng cao hn nhit
trung bnh trong nm ca kh quyn xung
quanh.
423
 nontree pollen [10148] : phn hoa ca thc
vt khng c thn g.
n: nonarborescent pollen.
nontronite [10149] : nontronit.
Khong vt st giu st, khi tm mt kp,
mu hng nht n xanh, thuc nhm
montmorilonit: Na0,33Fe+32(Al0,33Si3,67)O10(OH)2.
nH2O. Khong vt ny xp cui nhm, trong
alumin thay th bi Fe+3 trong mng khi
tm mt. Nontronit xut hin trong basalt,
dng mch hoc nm xen k. n: cloropal,
gramenite, morencite, pingnite.
norbergite [10150] : norbergit.
Khong vt h thoi, mu vng, hng, thuc
nhm humit: Mg3SiO4(F,OH)2.
nordenskioldin [10151] : nordenskioldin.
Khong vt: CaSn(BO3)2.
nordfieldite [10152] : nordfieldit.
n: esmeraldite.
nordite [10153] : nordit.
Khong vt mu nu nht:
(La,Ce)(Sr,Ca)Na2(Na,Mn)(Zn,Mg)Si6O17.
nordmarkite [10154] : nordmarkit.
Syenit kim cha thch anh. Thnh phn ch
yu gm micropectit vi t oligocla, thch anh,
biotit. c trng kin trc granit hoc trachit.
(Thut ng khng nn dng).
nordsjoite [10155] : nordsjoit.
Syenit nephelin cha melanit v calcit
(Johannsen, 1938, Na Uy)
nordstrandite [10156] : nordstrandit.
Khong vt: Al(OH)3 hoc Al2O3.3H2O,
ng hnh vi gibsit v bayerit.
Norian [10157] : Nori.
Bc do Mojsisovics (1869) v Bittner (1892)
xc lp theo tn thnh ph Noricum thuc La
M, l bc ca thi a tng quc t, Trias
thng, nm trn Cacni, nm di Ret (Rhaet).
norite [10158] : norit.
1- xm nhp, theo phn loi IUGS, tng
ng vi gabro c pl/(pl+px+ol) = 10-90 v
opx/ (opx+cpx) > 95;
2- xm nhp ht ln, c thnh phn ch
yu l plagioclas bas (labrador) v pyroxen
thoi.
norm [10159] : nh mc, tiu chun
Thnh phn khong vt ca th hin bi
khong vt tiu chun c xc nh bng cc
phn tch ha hc, x l kt qu nhm mc ch
phn loi. Khong vt tiu chun l thnh phn
khong vt l thuyt, c th i khi, cc thnh
phn ha hc kt tinh trong iu kin cn bng,
theo cc quy tc nht nh. Tt: normative.
norm system [10160] : H thng tiu chun.
n: CIPW classification.
normal cycle [10161] : chu trnh bnh thng,
chu trnh chun.
Trong mt chu trnh bnh thng, a hnh
khu vc c h xung mc c s do nc
chy, do sng. n: fluvial cycle of erosion.
normal dip [10162] : nghing u, dc
khu vc.
n: regional dip.
normal displacement [10163] : trt theo
ng dc, dch chuyn bnh thng.
n: dip slip.
normal drag [10164] : np un bnh thng.
Np un gn t gy do phn ng dch
chuyn dc theo t gy, cc vm np un li
v pha dch chuyn trn c hai cnh ca
t gy.
normal dray [10165] : ko thun, un np
ko thun.
Un np gn t gy chng li hin tng
trt theo t gy. Cc lp b un np c b
li v pha hng trt c hai cnh ca t
gy. Xem np un ko theo, ko ngc.
normal erosion [10166] : xi mn
bnh thng.
Xi mn t di cc iu kin mi trng
t nhin khng b hot ng ca con ngi xo
trn, bao gm xi mn do nc chy, gi, bng,
sng, trng lc v cc tc nhn a cht khc.
n: geologic eresion.
normal fault [10167] : t gy thun.
Cnh treo ca t gy c v nh dch chuyn
xung pha di so vi cnh nm. Gc ca mt
trt thng t 45-90o. t gy thun ch yu
do lc cng dn gy ra.
n: gravity fault; slimp fault.
normal fold [10168] : np un bnh thng,
np un i xng.
Np un c hai cnh v hai pha vi gc
dc nh nhau.
normal force [10169] : lc php tuyn.
Lc vung gc, lc thng ng tc dng ln
mng, lc vung gc vi mt phng.
normal hydrostatic pressure [10170] : p lc
thy tnh bnh thng.
Trong t l hng hoc trong ging, p
lc ti mt im i bo ha nc c gi tr
gn bng trng lng ca ct nc t im
n mt nc.
normally consolidated [10171] : t c kt
bnh thng.
t c c kt vi chnh trng lng
bn thn t trong qu trnh lch s.
normal moveout (NMO) [10172] : hiu chnh
424
 ng, hiu chnh thi gian php tuyn.
Php hiu chnh thi gian c s dng
trong phng php a chn phn x loi tr
s gia thi gian do im thu khng t trng
vi im pht (do tn ti khong cch thu-
pht). Trong trng hp ny, tia sng pht trin
dc cc tia xin nn thi gian ln hn so vi
trng hp sng pht trin dc cc tia php
tuyn n ranh gii phn x sng khi im thu
v pht sng t trng nhau.
normal separation [10173]:dch chuyn thun.
Trn t gy dch chuyn thun, cnh treo b
dch chuyn xung di so vi cnh nm.
normal shift [10174] : dch chuyn
nghing thun.
normal slip fault [10175] : t gy dch
chuyn thun.
S dch chuyn thun song song u n vi
mt nghing ca t gy. Cnh treo ct ngang
qua mt trt th hin s dch chuyn xung so
vi cnh nm.
normal stiffness [10176] : cng php tuyn
cng php tuyn l mt thng s quan
trng ca gin on, hay c s dng nht
trong vic m hnh ha hnh vi ct trt ca
chng bng cc phng php s. cng php
tuyn thng c o nh l dc ca ng
cong ng sut-dch chuyn php tuyn trong th
nghim ct trc tip. Trong m hnh ha, thng
s ny thng c coi l hng s, nhng thc
t n li bin i phi tuyn.
normal stress [10177] : ng sut php tuyn
ng sut vung gc, ng sut vung gc vi
mt phng mng.
normal twin [10178] : song hnh trc giao.
Trc song tinh thng gc vi mt tip hp.
Ss: parallel twin.
normal water [10179] : nc chun.
Nc bin tiu chun, hm lng clo ca n
t 19,30 n 19,50 phn nghn v c phn
tch ti chnh xc ti phn nghn.
Normapolles [10180] : nhm phn hoa c l
phc tp.
Mt nhm phn pht trin trong giai on
Creta-Paleogen sm, c b l phc tp v i
khi c c tnh nh c so ba khe kp.
normative [10181] : nh mc, tiu chun.
Dt: norm.
normative mineral [10182] : khong vt
tiu chun.
L khong vt c th tn ti v mt l thuyt
trn c s kt qu phn tch ha hc. Khong
vt tiu chun c th c hoc vng mt
trong .
norsethite [10183] : norsetit.
Khong vt h thoi: BaMg(CO3)2.
northfieldite [10184] : northfieldit.
n: esmeraldite.
north geographic pole [10185] : cc bc
a l.
n: north pole.
north pole [10186] : cc bc (a l).
Cc bc bn cu bc ca Tri t. v
90B, th hin im chnh bc cc ca Tri t
hoc im tn cng trc quay ca n. Cn
vit l North Pole. n: north geographic pole.
northupite [10187] : northupit.
Khong vt ng thc, khng mu, trng,
vng hoc xm: Na3Mg(CO3)2Cl.
nose [10188] : mi, mi cu to.
1- Np li ngn, cm, khng khp kn.
2- V tr trn bn a cht, ti lp b
un cong cc i.
3- (m) Ch li ca b nh ra bin hoc h.
nosean [10189] : nosean.
Khong vt feldspar thuc nhm sodalit:
Na8Al6Si6O24(SO4) c mu xm, xanh hoc nu
v lin quan vi hauyn. n: noselite.
noseanite [10190] : noseanit.
Basalt khng cha feldspar v olivin, cha
nhiu nozean. (Thut ng c).
noselitite [10191] : noselitit.
ni la gm ch yu nosean v khong
10% pyroxen, amphibol.
notch [10192] : hc do sng v.
Hc hp, su, dc theo chn vch mi mn
bin, gn im nc cao, hnh thnh do sng
xi mn hoc do ha tan ha hc. Trn n l
vch mi mn dng treo, khe ni. Li i hp
gia hoc xuyn qua ni, i.
notothyrial chamber [10193] : phng
khe lng.
Xoang trong nh mnh lng Tay cun gii
hn hai bn bi cc nn g tay hoc bi cc
thnh v sau v thnh v bn nu khng c cc
nn g tay. Tng ng vi phng khe tam gic
mnh bng.
notothyrial platform [10194] : nn khe lng.
Ch dy ln ca mt v phn nh mnh
lng ca Tay cun gia cc nn g tay.
notothyrium [10195] : khe lng.
Khe gn tam gic nm gia mnh lng Tay
cun chia i din bn l lng.
novacekite [10196] : novacekit.
Khong vt th sinh mu vng nhm
autunit: Mg(UO2)2(AsO4)2.9H2O.
novakite [10197] : novakit.
Khong vt h bn phng: (Cu,Ag)4As3.
425
 nowackiite [10198] : nowackit.
Khong vt: Cu6Zn3As4S12-13, ng loi vi
aktaskit v gruzderit.
nsutite [10199] : nsutit.
Khong vt: Mn1-2+4Mnx+2 O2-2x(OH)22.
n: gamma - MnO2.
nuclear basin [10200] : bn ht nhn.
Bn to ni mun trong ai ng, hu chn
a mng ng thi.
nuclear magnetism log (NML) [10201] :
carota t ht nhn.
Phng php carota o t tnh ca t
dc thnh ging khoan bng cc zn t, c
ch to theo cc hiu ng t ht nhn ging nh
cc t k proton.
nuculoid [10202] : Nuculoidea.
Thn mm hai mnh thuc mt b gm cc
i biu c b rng dy, v u mnh, mt vt
bm c, mp v khp kn u.
Nuevoleonian [10203] : Nuevoleon.
Bc Bc M, Creta h (nm trn Durango,
nm di Trinit).
nuffieldite [10204] : nufieldit.
Khong vt h thoi: Pb2Cu(Pb, Bi)Bi2O4.
nukundamite [10205] : nukundamit
Khong vt cha m t y :
Cu3,37Fe0,66S3,97, quan h vi idait.
null indicator [10206] : ch s 0.
nullaginite [10207] : nulaginit.
Khong vt quan h vi rosarit v
glankosphaerit: Ni2(OH)2CO3.
numerical methods [10208] : phng php s.
Phng php s tr, m hnh ha bng
phng php s tr. n: computational methods
of stress analysis.
Nummulitic [10209] : Nummulit.
n: Paleogen (thng dng chu u).
nunatak [10210] : ni gia bng h.
i g ng thc, sng ni hoc nh
gc nh cao trn b mt bng h.
nutrient removal [10211] : tch b cht
dinh dng.
S loi b cc cht dinh dng (c bit l
cc hp cht nit v phospho) ra khi nc thi
bng cc bin php ha hc, l hc v sinh hc
ngn nga s ph dng ngun nc tip
nhn nc thi.
nyerereite [10212] : nyerereit.
Khong vt h su phng trong dung nham
carbonat: 4(CaCO3.Na2CO3).
nymph [10213] : mu chng sau nh,
trng non.
Mu hnh bn nguyt hp, hi dy, nm pha
sau nh ca nhiu Thn mm hai mnh, dnh
cho cc dy chng bm vo; giai on cha
trng thnh trong vng i ca b mt.
426
 obduction [10214] : chm trt, ht chm.
S chm trt ca v i dng ln phn ra
ca mng v thch quyn lc a.
oblate ellipsoid [10215] : elipsoid dt.
Elipsoid dt hai cc.
oblique bedding [10216] : phn lp xin, phn
lp nghing.
Phn lp xin hoc phn lp nm cho so
vi mt phn lp chnh.
oblique fault [10217] : t gy xin, t gy
cho, t gy xin cho.
ng phng ca t gy khng song song
hoc vung gc hoc cho vi ng phng
ca cc va hoc cu trc chnh.
n: diagonal fault.
oblique joint [10218] : khe nt cho.
Khe nt to vi phng cu trc mt gc
no nh hn 90o.
oblique lamination [10219] : phn lp
xin cho.
Cc lp c th nm xin cho vi nhau.
oblique slip [10220] : trt cho, trt chch,
dch chuyn xin.
Hin tng trt to mt gc nhn vi
phng cu trc chung.
oblique slip fault [10221] : t gy dch
chuyn xin.
S dch chuyn c hng trung gian gia
dch chuyn theo hng dc v dch chuyn
theo ng phng. n: diagonal slip fault.
oblique subduction [10222] : ht chm cho
S dch chuyn tng i ca mt mng
thch quyn bn cnh mt mng khc m trn
bnh c th thy vect dch chuyn ct cho
ranh gii cc mng.
obliquity (angle of obliquity) [10223] :
nghing (gc nghing).
Lc tc dng nghing vi mt phng mng.
oboyerite [10224] : oboyerit.
Khong vt: H6Pb6(TeO3)3(TeO6)2.2H2O.
obruchevite [10225] : obruchevit.
Khong vt mu nu nhm pyroclor:
(Y,Na,Ca,U)(Nb,Ta,Ti,Fe)2(O,OH)7.
obsequent [10226] : nghch hng.
c im a cht, a hnh hoc dng chy
khng ph hp vi c im thun hng vn
c t trc. V d: ni khi tng hnh thnh trn
y thung lng, thung lng khi tng-rift li
chim ch ca a hnh ni.
obsequent fault line scarp [10227] : vch t
gy nghch hng, vch t gy ngc.
Vch t gy c hng ngc vi hng ca
vch t gy nguyn thy, hoc cnh nm li
c hng cao hn cnh treo.
obsequent stream [10228] : dng chy
nghch hng.
Dng chy nhnh ti mt dng k tip pht
trin dc theo ng phng ca gc, dng
chy xung sn dc ca cuest.
observation well [10229] : l khoan quan trc.
1-Trong chm l khoan quan trc th
nghim: l khoan quan st c b tr cch l
khoan trung tm mt khong no theo di
qu trnh pht trin phu h thp, s dao ng
mc nc theo thi gian, v.v.
2-Trong th nghim th cht ch th: l
khoan quan st c b tr cch l khoan
np mt khong no theo di tc ,
phng php lan truyn cht ch th trong tng
cha nc.
3-Trong cng tc quan trc ng thi: l
khoan thuc mng li quan trc, ti ngi
ta tin hnh vic theo di s bin i theo thi
gian cc yu t a cht thy vn ca tng cha
nc nh: mc nc, p lc, lu lng, tnh
cht l-ha ca nc, v.v.
n: standpipe, piezometer.
observational method [10230] : phng php
quan trc.
L mt trong nhiu phng php nghin cu
427
cc tnh cht c l, c im hnh vi ca trng
t di tc ng ca ngoi cnh.
obsidian [10231] : obsidian.
Thy tinh ni la mu en hoc sm mu
thng c thnh phn ryolit, c trng vt v v
chai. i khi phn di hoc cha vi tinh.
obsidian dating [10232] : s liu xc nh t
obsidian.
n: obsidian hydration dating.
obsidian hydration dating [10233] : phng
php nh tui bng obsidian.
Phng php nh tui cho cc di vt kho
c bng obsidian hoc thy tinh ni la
Holocen bng cch xc nh b dy ca cc
vnh hydrat ha c to bi s phn tn hi
nc vo b mt ti ca mu v to cc lp
hoc cc v hydrat ha. p dng cho thy tinh
c tui 200-200.000 nm.
obsidianite [10234] : obsidianit.
Vt thy tinh nh, dng trn, hin nay gi
l tektit.
obstructed stream [10235] : dng chy b
cn tr.
Thung lng sng b cn tr bi trt t,
bng tch, ct n hoc dng dung nham; gm
lot cc h nh, ao.
obstruction cave [10236] : hang b cn.
Hang bng h hnh thnh do dng bng b
ngt qung bi gc hoc ch li ln di.
obstruction moraine [10237] : vt cn tr to
bng tch.
Bng tch c hnh thnh ni m s di
ng ca bng b cn tr, v d bi sng gc.
occipital furrow [10238] : rnh gy.
1- Rnh ngang trn khin u B ba thy
(Trilobita) chy t rnh sng n sang rnh sng
kia v to nn ranh gii pha sau ca mi gran
(glabella).
2- Rnh pha trc vnh nm dc theo b
sau phn thn trc ca ng vt Ming t
(Merostomata).
occipital ring [10239] : t gy.
t sng ca phn sau cng khin u B
ba thy (Trilobita), ni chung pha trc c
gii hn bi rnh gy. n: neck ring.
occlude [10240] : hp th.
occult mineral [10241] : khong vt b che lp
Khong vt hy vng c th c mt trong
(t du hiu ca phn tch ha) nhng khng
nhn ra, thm ch di knh hin vi. V d nh
thch anh v orthoclas trong thy tinh v n
tinh dung nham.
ocean [10242] : i dng.
Phn Tri t cha nc mn ng nht, lin
tc bao quanh lc a v cc o. i dng
chim 94% thy quyn v 70,8% din tch Tri
t. i dng cn gi l bin c.
ocean basin floor [10243] : y trng
i dng.
Vng y i dng, mng ra lc a
thng l phn chn ca cc khi ra lc a v
dy ni ngm gia i dng.
ocean crust [10244] : v i dng
Mt kiu v ca v Tri t, nm di cc
trng i dng, tng ng vi lp sima, c
trng bi s khng c mt ca lp sial. V i
dng dy khong 5-10km, c t trng l
3,0g/cm3, tc truyn sng a chn qua
chng trn 6,2 km/s.
ocean current [10245] : dng chy i dng.
S dch chuyn nm ngang lu di ca mt
nc i dng to thnh mt b phn ca vng
tun hon chung ca i dng.
Ocean Drilling Program [10246] : chng
trnh khoan i dng (ODP).
Tip ni Chng trnh khoan bin su (Deep
Sea Drilling Program). Chng trnh khoan i
dng l chng trnh a quc gia nhm nghin
cu v i dng vi t vn khoa hc ca
JOIDES v c con tu khoan mang tn
JOIDES Resolution thc hin. Cng vic c
bt u t 1/1984. Kt qu c cng b trong
Proccedings of the Ocean Drilling Program.
ocean floor spreading [10247] : tch gin
gia y i dng.
Do nh hng ca lung i lu trong
manti, y i dng tch ra.
n: sea floor spreading.
ocean hole [10248] : h i dng.
n: blue hole.
oceanic climate [10249] : kh hu i dng.
n: marine climate.
oceanic crust [10250] : v i dng.
Mt kiu v Tri t nm di cc bn i
dng, c cu to bi hai lp: lp trm tch
bin v lp basalt. V i dng dy khong t
5-10km, c t trng 3,0g/cm3, sng a chn
truyn qua vi vn tc vt qu 6,2km/s.
oceanic formation [10251] : thnh h
i dng.
n v thch a tng bn i dng hp
thc hoc khng hp thc.
oceanic ridge [10252] : sng ni gia
i dng.
n: mid-ocean ridge.
oceanic tholeiite [10253] : tholeit i dng.
magma to v phn su ca cc bn
trng i dng, c coi l ngun to
428
basalt kim.
oceanic trench [10254] : rnh i dng.
X: trench.
oceanite [10255] : oceanit.
Basalt-picrit vi hn 50% olivin tiu chun.
oceanization [10256] : chuyn ha v lc a
thnh v i dng.
oceanography [10257] : hi dng hc.
Mn hc v i dng bao gm cc b mn:
vt l, ha hc, sinh hc v a l. Theo ngha
hp l mn hc v mi trng bin.
n: oceanology.
ocellar [10258] : dng mt.
Kin trc magma, c bit l cha
nephelin, trong cc ban tinh bao gm tp
hp cc tinh th nh hn (nh biotit hoc
acmit) phn b ta tia bao quanh cc tinh th
ln hn (nh leucit hoc nephelin), hoc to
nn dng mt.
ocelus [10259] : cu trc dng mt.
Ban tinh trong c kin trc dng mt.
Ochoan [10260] : Ocho.
Thng khu vc Bc M. Phn cao nht ca
Permi (nm trn Guadalup, nm di Trias h).
ocoee [10261] : ocoee.
Tn gi a phng ca lot tui Tin
Cambri Virginia, Tennessee, bc Carolina v
Georgia.
OCR [10262] : nhn dng k t.
H thng OCR c th qut nh vn
bn (raster ho) v nhn dng cc k t c
trong nh.
octahedral cleavage [10263] : ct khai hnh
tm mt.
Ct khai khong vt song song vi mt ca
khi tm mt (111), nh kim cng.
octahedral copper ore [10264] : qung ng
khi tm mt.
n: cuprite.
octahedral iron ore [10265] : qung st khi
tm mt.
n: magnetite.
octahedral planes [10266] : mt hnh tm mt
Nhng mt ca mng tinh th h
lp phng.
octahedrite [10267] : octahedrit, anatas.
1- (th) Thin thch st cha 6-18% nickel
dng pha kim loi.
2- (kv) Thut ng dng sai, bi v anatas kt
tinh hnh lng tr kp, h bn phng v khng
phi trong hnh tm mt.
octahedron [10268] : khi tm mt.
Dng tinh th ng thc c tm mt l tam
gic u. Ch s ca n l [111] v mt i
xng ca n l 4/m-32/m.
octaphyllite [10269] : octaphylit.
1- Nhm khong vt mica, cha 8 cation
trn 10 oxygen v 2 ion hydroxid.
2- Mt s khong vt ca nhm octaphylit,
nh biotit, khong vt st khi tm mt ba.
octocoral [10270] : San h tm tia
(Octocorallia).
San h thuc mt phn lp ch gm nhng
taxon dng polyp c xc tu kiu l cht lng
chim v sinh trng qun th.
ocular sinus [10271] : hm mt.
Hm nng v nh nm hai bn l v tr ca
mt Nautilus.
odanielite [10272] : odanielit.
Khong vt: NaZn3H2(AsO4)3.
odenite [10273] : odenit.
Loi biotit cha nguyn t odeni.
Odour pollution [10274] : s nhim mi.
Mt dng nhim khng kh bi nhng mi
c hi hay gy kh chu cho ngi. Mi pht
sinh t cc c s cng nghip, th cng nghip,
ch bin thc phm, nh cc nh my lc du,
ha cht, sn xut bt giy, bt sn, l gm,
thuc da, phn bn, l m tht, xng lm nc
mm , v.v.
ODP [10275] : chng trnh khoan i dng.
Vit tt ca Ocean Drilling Program-ODP.
oedometer [10276] : thit b nn t mt trc.
Thit b th nghim dng xc nh c
kt ca t dnh. Nguyn tc ca thit b nn
t mt trc l mt mu t nguyn trng c
p gia hai tm bt nc c th t do lu
thng sau o ln ca mu t.
oedometer test [10277] : th nghim c kt.
Th nghim cht ti mu t, nhm tm
hiu cc c im c kt ca chng, nh kh
nng c kt, tc c kt, v.v.
offlap [10278] : trm tch hnh thnh trong
qu trnh bin li; tip xc bt chnh hp vi
bin li.
off reef [10279] : xa rn san h.
y bin ra, xa rn san h, v d " tng xa
rn" hoc trm tch xa rn" tch t ngay xung
quanh mt rn.
offretite [10280] : ofretit.
Khong vt zeolit:
(K2, Ca)(Al10Si26)O72.30-32H2O.
offset [10281] : nhnh ngang ca dy i hoc
ni, mt mu thm trn i; ca s, khong
cch (vl).
offshore [10282] : xa b.
i thng xuyn ngp nc, c chiu rng
thay i ko di t i sng v ti ra pha bin
429
ca thm lc a, su t nht 10m.
offshore bar [10283] : ct b.
Longshore bar, cc dng hin c bit nh
l cc bi bin chn, o chn.
offshore barrier [10284] : di chn b.
n: Barrier beach.
offshore beach [10285] : bi xa b.
Bi ct hp, di c mt bi nc yn tnh
tch n khi t lin. n: barrier beach.
offshore slope [10286] : sn pha bin.
Sn di bn trc ra ngoi ca thm do
sng v.
offshore terrace [10287] : thm xa b.
Thm do sng v trong i xa b, cu to
bi cui v ct th. X: shoreface terrace.
offtake [10288] : ht nc di t.
n: withdrawal.
ogdensburgite [10289] : ogdensburgit.
Khong vt: Ca4Fe3+6(AsO4)5(OH)11.5H2O.
oil basin [10290] : bn trng cha du.
oil flotation [10291] : tuyn ni bng du.
oil water contact [10292] : mt tip xc
du nc.
Mt ranh gii gia du v nc pha di.
oil water interface [10293] : mt tip xc
du nc.
ojuelaite [10294] : ojuelait.
Khong vt: ZnFe3+2 (AsO4)2(OH)2.4H2O.
okaite [10295] : okait.
Melilitolit hauyn vi cc khong vt ph
biotit, perovkit, apatit, calcit, oxid khng thu
quang. (Thut ng khng nn dng).
okenite [10296] : okenit
Khong vt mu trng nht:
CaSi2O4(OH)2.H2O. Ss: nekoite.
old age [10297] : tui c.
old from birth peneplain [10298] : bn
bnh nguyn hnh thnh t bn bnh nguyn
nguyn sinh.
Bn bnh nguyn c hnh thnh do nng
cao rt chm chp v rt lu di, n mc bo
mn thng ng li xy ra nhanh hn do s
phn ct sn thung lng v s h thp chung
cc vng gia cc sng.
oldhamite [10299] : oldhamit.
Khong vt thin thch mu nu nht: CaS.
old lake [10300] : h c.
H ang trong giai on c trm tch hoc
thc vt lp y mt cch thun li; H c
ng b ang giai on pht trin thun li.
oldland [10301] : vng t c
Vng rng ca kt tinh c c a hnh b
h thp do xi mn lin tc, lu di, c trm
tch tr hn ph ln (v d: khin Canada).
Vng t c hn ni cao trn mt bin, sau
ng bng ven bin, cung cp trm tch ph
trn ng bng ven bin. Mt t trong giai
on c ca chu trnh xm thc c cc a hnh
b h thp.
old mountain [10302] : ni c.
Ni c hnh thnh trc k tam, v d
ni un np c thnh to trc Alps.
Olenekian [10303] : Olenek.
Bc do Kiparisova v Popor (1956) xc lp
theo tn sng Olenek Nga, l bc ca thi a
tng quc t, phn trn ca Trias h, nm trn
bc Indi (Indus), nm di bc Anigi.
olenellid [10304] : B ba thy du
(Olenellidae).
B ba thy thuc mt h, c trng bng b
xng ngoi hnh gn bu dc n ko di,
khng c ng khu lng trn khin u,
nhiu t ngc, gai ra sn pht trin hoc
phn cui nhn dng li lim. Tui: Cambri
sm.
olgite [10305] : olgit.
Khong vt: Na(Sr, Ba)PO4.
oligist iron [10306] : qung st .
n: hematite.
Oligocene [10307] : Oligocen.
Mt th ca tam, sau Eocen, trc
Miocen, c thi gian ko di 10 triu nm,
tng ng vi thng Oligocen. Nu tam
c quan nim l i th Oligocen s c coi
l mt k.
oligoclasite [10308] : oligoclasit.
Diorit c thnh phn ch yu l oligocla.
oligophyre [10309] : oligophyr.
Diorit sng mu cha ban tinh oligocla trn
nn oligocla ht nh.
oligosite [10310] : oligosit.
n: oligoclasite.
oligotrophic water [10311] : nc ngho
dinh dng.
Vng nc cha rt t cht dinh dng,
khng thun li cho s sng ca cc loi
thy sinh.
olivenite [10312] : olivenit.
Khong vt h thoi, mu xanh oliu, nu
nht, xm hoc vng nht: Cu2(AsO4)(OH).
n: leucochalcite, wood copper.
olivine [10313] : olivin.
1- Khong vt h thoi mu xanh oliu, xanh
xm nht hoc nu, l khong vt trong lot
430
ng hnh dung dch cng fayalit-forsterit.
Olivin l khong vt to ph bin ca
magma basic, siu basic v lot t silicat
(gabro, basalt, peridotit, dunit), kt tinh
trong giai on sm ca magma v trong
bin cht.
2- Thut ng dng cho nhm khong vt lot
ng hnh: (Mg,Fe,Mn,Cr)2SiO4, gm forsterit,
fayalit, tephroit v orthosilicat calci gi nh.
n: olivinoid.
olivine basalt [10314] : basalt olivin.
1- Basalt cha cc khong vt tiu chun
olivin, dioxit tiu chun v nephelin hoc
hypersten.
2- Basalt ca o Mull.
olivine clinopyroxenite [10315] : clinopyro-
xenit olivin.
xm nhp, theo phn loi ca IUGS c
M 90, t l ol/(ol+opx+cpx) = 5-40, t l
opx/(ol+opx+cpx)<5 v cpx/(ol+opx+cpx)<90.
olivine gabbronorite [10316] : gabronorit
olivin.
xm nhp, theo phn loi ca IUGS
tng ng vi gabro v trong c t l
pl/(pl+px+ol) = 10-90, t l px/(pl+px+ol)>5 v
ol/(pl+px+ol)>5.
olivine hornblende pyroxenite [10317] :
pyroxenit olivin hornblend.
xm nhp, theo phn loi ca IUGS c
M90, t l ol/(ol+hbl+px) = 5-40 v pyroxen
nhiu hn amphibol.
olivine hornblendite [10318] : hornblendit
olivin.
xm nhp, theo phn loi ca IUGS c
M90, t l ol/(ol+hbl+px) = 5-40, t l
px/(ol+hbl+px)<5 v hbl/(ol+hbl+px) < 90.
olivine leucitite [10319] : leucitit olivin.
n: ugandite.
olivine orthopyroxenite [10320] : ortho-
pyroxenit olivin.
xm nhp, theo phn loi ca IUGS c
M90, t l ol/(ol+opx+cpx) = 5-40, t l
cpx/(ol+opx+cpx)<5 v opx/(ol+opx+cpx) < 90.
olivine pyroxene hornblendite [10321] :
hornblendit pyroxen olivin.
xm nhp, theo phn loi ca IUGS c
M90, t l ol/(ol+hbl+px) = 5-40 v amphibol
nhiu hn pyroxen.
olivine pyroxenite [10322] : pyroxenit olivin.
xm nhp, theo phn loi ca IUGS c
M90, t l ol/(ol+hbl+px) = 5-40, t l
hbl/(ol+hbl+px)<5 v px/(ol+hbl+px) < 90.
olivine rock [10323] : olivin.
n: dunite.
olivine tholeiite [10324] : toleit olivin.
Basalt cha bo ha silic, cha cc khong
vt tiu chun: olivin, hypersten, diopxit cng
vi thch anh, hoc nephelin (Yoder and
Tilley, 1962).
olivine websterite [10325] : vebsterit olivin.
xm nhp, theo phn loi ca IUGS c
M90, t l ol/(ol+opx+cpx)= 5-40, t l
cpx/(ol+opx+cpx) >5 v opx/(ol+opx+cpx) >5.
olivinite [10326] : olivinit.
1- n: dunite (theo phn loi IUGS).
2- xm nhp giu olivin cha qung t
pyroxen v (hoc) amphibol.
olivinoid [10327] : olivinoid.
1- Vt cht ging nh olivin trong
thin thch.
2- Olivin.
ollenite [10328] : olenit.
phin hornblend giu epidot, sphen, rutil
v khong vt ph l garnet (Holmes, 1928).
olmsteadite [10329] : olmsteadit.
Khong vt h thoi:
K2Fe+24(Nb, Ta)2 (PO4). 4H2O.
olsacherite [10330] : olsacherit.
Khong vt: Pb2(SeO4)(SO4).
olshanskyite [10331] : olshanskyit.
Khong vt: Ca3B4(OH)18.
olympite [10332] : olympit.
Khong vt: Na3PO4.
omission surface [10333] : gin on b mt
Gin on b mt ca hin tng t nhin
nh nht do s tm dng tch t trm tch.
omphacite [10334] : omphacit.
Khong vt alumin clinopyroxen:
CaNaMg AlSi4O12, mu xanh-c n xanh
nht, thnh phn ph bin trong eclogit.
oncolite [10335] : to u.
Cu trc trm tch vi, nh, hnh dng thay
i, phn phin ng tm, ging nh cu to
trng c v hnh thnh do bi kt cc lp mng
mng gelatin k tip nhau ca To lam. N nh
hn Stromatolit v ni chung ng knh khng
vt qu 10cm. Cn vit l onkolite.
one dimensional [10336] : mt trc, mt
hng.
Onesquethawan [10337] : Onesquethaw.
Bc Bc M, Devon h v trung (nm trn
Deerparki, nm di Cazenov).
onkolite [10338] : to u.
431
 n: oncolit.
onlap [10339] : trm tch lng ng trong qu
trnh bin kn.
Mt lp ph c c trng bi s vt nhn
v pha ra hoc hai b bn trm tch.
n: trangressive overlap, coastal onlap.
onofrite [10340] : onofrit.
Khong vt: Hg(S,Se), loi thn sa b bin
i cha selen v l ngun nguyn liu selen.
onokoid [10341] : onokoid.
dng ht u, nt sn, vi tinh, m c
trong th ophtalmit (mt dng migmatit).
Onondagan [10342] : Onondagan.
Bc Bc M, Devon h (nm trn
Deerparki, nm di Onesquethawi).
onoratoite [10343] : onoratoit.
Khong vt h ba nghing: Sb8O11Cl2.
onshore [10344] : hng vo b, nh hng
trn mt gn b, trn t lin.
on-site geological exploration
evaluation [10345] : thm d khai thc, thm
d b sung cho khai thc, thm d nh
gi, thm d nng cp, thm d tn cng, thm
d thm.
Cng tc thm d a cht c tin hnh
cc m ang c khai thc, c th ngay t khi
bt u khai thc hoc lc sp kt thc qu
trnh . Nhim v (mc ch) ch yu ca
thm d khai thc l: chnh xc ha khoanh ni
thn qung, cu trc bn trong thn qung v
cc iu kin th nm, quy m (s lng) v
cht lng, tr lng khong, cng nh cc
iu kin a cht-khai thc v a cht thy
vn, cng trnh m; Nghin cu b sung cc
c tnh cng ngh khong sn phc v sng
tuyn. Thm d khai thc c th tin hnh trong
phm vi hp gm cc khu khai thc, tng khai
thc, hoc ti cc khi chun b khai thc. Kt
qu thm d khai thc c s dng lp k
hoch hnh ng (k hoch sn xut) khai thc
chi tit, tnh li tr lng v lm c s nng
cp tr lng cao hn, chnh xc ha s v
phng n khai thc, xc nh phn (khi) tr
lng chun b cho khai thc (khu), lng tn
tht ti nguyn theo tnh ton v s lm ngho
qung. Thm d khai thc i khi cn gi l
thm d thm chun b cho khai thc cng
nghip m khong c thm d trc y
nhm nghin cu b sung nhng din tch
thm d nhng cha y v nhm m rng
khai trng ca x nghip m ang hot ng.
Ontarian [10346] : Ontar.
Bc New York, Silur trung; phn h v
trung ca lot Clinton; Tn c ca Ordovic h
v trung New York.
onyx [10347] : m no dng di.
onyx agate [10348] : m no agat.
Agat phn di song song c mu trng
hoc xm.
oolitic iron ore [10349] : qung st dng
trng c.
oosterboschite [10350] : usterboshit.
Khong vt: (Pd,Cu)7Se5
ooze [10351] : bn, bn bin, t bn.
1-Trm tch bin khi cha t nht 30% tn
d khung xng hu c bin khi (cha vi
hoc silic), khng cha cc khong vt st, bn
xp, nht trn y sng, h.
2-t bn ln hu c.
opal [10352] : opal.
Khong vt hoc keo khong vt:
and SiO2.nH2O, dng m hnh cu ca silicat.
Opal cha nc 20% nhng thng 3-9%, c tt
c cc mu, trong n m c, ng nh. Opal
phn bit vi thch anh bng tnh ng hng,
chit sut nh, mm v t trng nh hn. Opal
thng c dng khi v gi hnh nhng khong
vt khc, thnh to nhit thp, nm trong
khe nt, l hng ca magma, dng kt hch
trong vi, dng hnh b xng hu c bin
(to silic, bt), trong serpentinit, trong
sn phm phong ha. Opal trong, mu p l
loi qu. n: opaline.
opal-agate [10353] : opal-agat.
Loi opal dng di, mu sc khc nhau v c
cu trc ging agat, gm nhng lp opal v
chancedon xen k nhau.
opaline [10354] : opalin.
1- Mt vi khong vt c quan h hoc
ging opal nh opal la mu xanh nht n mu
trng-xanh nht hoc opal dng dm gi hnh
serpentin.
2- Opal.
3- Thch anh dng t.
4- Loi c nn l opal.
opalite [10355] : opalit.
Dng opal mu hn tp nh myrickit.
open bay [10356] : vnh h.
Ch lm nm gia hai mi nh vo bin
rng v h sng vo trc tip. Sng cao nh
nhau gia vnh v phn tip gip vi bin h.
open caisson [10357] : mng ging m, mng
dng caison.
n: drop caison.
432
 open cast mining [10358] : khai thc l thin.
Khai thc m l thin, h o l thin.
n: strip mining.
open channel [10359] : knh dn nc h.
ng dn nc h c mt mt thong.
open coast [10360] : b ngang, b h.
B chu tc ng hon ton ca sng v
dng chy.
open coast marsh [10361] : m ly b
bin h.
m ly nc mn hnh thnh dc b h.
open cut (as in mining) [10362] : o h
mng l thin, h o l thin.
open lake [10363] : h h.
H c mt dng thot nc i. H c mt
nc v thc vt ni.
open piezometers [10364] : ng o p lc
nc m.
Piezometer m, ng o p lc nc m. S
dng piezometer m o p lc nc. L kiu
piezometer n gin nht, o p lc nc trn
c s cn bng trc tip vi p sut kh quyn.
open pit mining [10365] : khai thc m
l thin.
n: open cast mining.
open pit(s) [10366] : ging, h o l thin.
open system [10367] : h thng m.
open well [10368] : ging m, ging ln.
1- Ging c ng knh ln (mt mt hoc
ln hn) mt ngi c th xung n mc
nc di t .
2- H o ln vo i bo ha nc, c mc
nc ngang mc nc di t.
operational unit [10369] : phn v a tng
thc hnh.
Phn v a tng c xc nh theo cc tiu
chun khch quan, nhm mc ch thc tin,
v d phn v c phn ranh gii bng tng
nh du, phn v c xc nh bng vn tc
truyn sng a chn hay nng lng m thanh,
cc ranh gii phn v khng nht thit phi
tng xng vi ranh gii mt phn v a tng
chnh thc.
operculate [10370] : c np, Chn bng c
vy ym.
C np y; mt Chn bng c vy ym
y ming.
operculum [10371] : np ym, vy ym, np.
(cs) Tm mng bng cht sng hay cht vi
c tc dng y ming v Chn u; phin
mng ni chung khng vi ha, khp vo hay
quay quanh mu khp, dnh cho vic y l c
th Ru ng vt Cheilostomata; tm y
dng np i ca mt s San h n th; mt
cu trc c l dng y ming gi
Chitinozoa; nn phng thng l nn chn ca
Trng tia Nassellaria.
ophiacodontia [10372] : rng rn.
Mt phn b ca B st mt h thi dng,
c trng bi cu trc thng bo th, nhng
dng v sau c l sng di nc nhiu hn.
Tui: Carbon mun n Permi sm.
ophicalcite [10373] : ophicalcit.
bin cht gm calcit, serpentin, to thnh
do bin cht dolomit silic. i ni to thnh
cc mch hoc b dm kt ha.
ophicarbonate [10374] : ophicarbonat.
bin cht bao gm serpentin v carbonat
(calcit, dolomit, magnezit).
ophiolite [10375] : ophiolit.
Nhm cc magma mafic v siu mafic
thay i t spilit v basalt n gabro v
peridotit k c cc giu serpentin, clorit,
epidot v albit c hnh thnh do qu trnh
bin cht mun cc magma ni trn. C lin
quan n pha sm ca s pht trin a mng.
ophiolitic suite [10376] : t hp ophiolit.
T hp cc siu mafic, gabro diaba ht
th, ni la, silic trng to tia, c trng
cho mt ct a mng thc.
ophite [10377] : ophit.
Diaba c kin trc ophit.
ophitic [10378] : ophitic.
1- Kin trc ton tinh, na t hnh ca
magma (c bit l diaba), trong cc que
plagioclas mt phn hoc ton b nm trong
cc tinh th pyroxen.
2- c kin trc ophit.
ophthalmite [10379] : ophthalmit.
r ht, cng chc gm hai hoc nhiu vt
cht xm nhim c ngun gc khc nhau
(chorismite), c trng bi cc tp hp khong
vt phn b dng mt hoc qu u.
opisthobranch [10380] : Opisthobranchia.
Chn bng bin thuc mt phn lp c c
trng l c v gim thoi hoc khng c v.
opisthocline [10381] : nghing pha sau.
Ni v mnh v ( mt s ging l rng bn
l) Thn mm hai mnh c hnh dng nghing
v pha sau; Cc ng tng trng nm
nghing v pha sau so vi hng tng trng
ca v mt Chn bng.
opisthogyrate [10382] : ngonh pha sau.
nh ca Thn mm hai mnh un cong
433
xung vi m quay v pha sau.
opposit tide [10383] : thy triu i din.
Thy triu cao, mt ni tng ng v pha
i din ca Tri t, i km theo mt thy
triu trc tip.
optalic metamorphism [10384] : bin cht
nung nng.
n: caustic metamorphism.
optical micrposcope [10385] : knh hin vi
quang hc.
Knh hin vi s dng phn tch cc
vt th.
optical mineralogy [10386] : quang tinh.
B mn nghin cu tnh cht quang hc
tinh th.
optical monitoring devices [10387] : thit b
trc quang, quan trc quang hc.
opticangle [10388] : gc quang.
Gc nhn ca hai quang trc ca tinh th hai
trc. K hiu l 2V.
n: axial angle, optic-axial angle.
optic-axis [10389] : trc quang.
Hng ca tinh th d hng khng c hai
khc x. Trong tinh th h bn phng v su
phng, c mt trc quang song song vi trc
xoay i xng bc 3 hoc trc xoay i xng
bc 4 hoc trc i xng bc 6. Trong h thoi,
h n nghing v h ba nghing c hai trc
quang, t gip xc nh cc ch s khc x.
optic indicatrix [10390] : mt quang sut.
n: indicatrix.
optic normal [10391] : trc quang thng gc.
Trc ca tinh th thng gc vi trc quang.
optic-axial angle [10392] : gc quang trc.
n: optic angle.
optimal yield [10393] : lu lng ti u.
Lng nc c th ly c mt cch hp l
nht t cng trnh khai thc m khng gy nh
hng xu n ngun nc v mi trng (nh
gim lu lng, h thp mc nc qu su, suy
thoi cht lng nc, st ln mt t, v.v.).
optimum [10394] : ti u.
Tt nht, v d m ti u d m cht t
dung trng cao nht.
optimum charge in production blasting
design [10395] : liu ti u trong thit k n
mn sn xut.
optimum-water content [10396] : m ti
u m cht t.
oral disc [10397] : a ming.
Vch m tht, tng i dp, y u trn
ca ct hnh tr to nn cc cnh bn ca polyp
San h su tia, m phn trung tm c ming.
orangite [10398] : orangit.
Loi thorit mu vng da cam sng.
oranite [10399] : oranit.
Tp hp khong vt feldspar-kali v
plagioclas mc xen nhau gn nh anorthit.
orbiculate [10400] : dng mt chim.
Ni v cc l hnh trn hay hnh a.
orbite [10401] : orbit.
Gabro kin trc porphyr cha cc ban tinh
ln hornblend hoc plagioclas v hornblend.
(Thut ng c).
orcelite [10402] : orcelit.
Khong vt: Ni5-xAs2.
ordanchite [10403] : ordanchit.
phun tro cha cc ban tinh plagioclas
bas, hauyn, hornblend, augit v t olivin.
Trachiandezit hauyn cha olivin.
order [10404] : phn cp bc, bc, th t.
1- Phn cp sng ngi, bn trng.
2- n v c s ca lp trong phn loi
CIPW.
3-(tc) Qu trnh sp xp tp hp s bt k
theo th t tng hoc gim dn gi l ranking.
Ranking l mt trong nhng phng php
thng c p dng trong a thng k
phn loi, nhn dng hay pht hin cc d
thng a cht yu trn nn phng nhiu.
order in mineral [10405] : trnh t khong vt
Trnh t thay th ca mt ion bng mt ion
khc trong cu trc tinh th, nh trong
microlin, v tr silic b thay th bi alumin.
order of crystallization [10406] : trnh t
kt tinh.
Trnh t kt tinh ca nhng khong vt khc
nhau theo thi gian trong mt mu. Xc nh
c trnh t da theo c im cu trc.
n: sequence of crystallization.
ordinary lead [10407] : ch thng thng.
Ch ph bin, ch thng dng.
ordonezite [10408] : ordonezit.
Khong vt h bn phng, mu nu:
ZnSb2O6.
ordosite [10409] : ordosit.
Syenit sm mu, gm khong 60% pyroxen
nghing cha natri.
Ordovician [10410] : Ordovic.
K th hai ca i Paleozoi (sau Cambri v
trc Silur), ko di t 510-439 triu nm trc
y, tng ng vi h Ordovic. Tn c gi
theo tn vng Ordovic ca b lc Celtic. Trong
434
vn liu c, Ordovic i khi ch c xem l
Silur sm(khng s dng na). X: age of
marine invertebrates. n: Champlainian.
ore [10411] : qung.
Tp hp t nhin cc hp cht hoc cc
nguyn t vi hm lng khai thc c li.
Trong cc vn liu ca Nga ch s dng t
qung khi n c khai thc ly kim loi.
Tuy nhin cng c khi c s dng ch cc
khong cht c khai thc vi mc ch khc,
v d: qung pyrit, qung apatit, v.v.
ore anomaly [10412] : d thng qung.
D thng a ha c lin quan cht ch vi
s hnh thnh v ph hy m qung.
ore bearing [10413]:cha qung, mang qung.
ore bearing deposit [10414] : m qung.
ore bearing vein [10415] : mch qung.
ore bed [10416] : thn qung, lp qung,
l qung.
ore benificiation [10417] : lm giu qung.
ore bin [10418] : phu qung, thng qung.
ore blocked out [10419] : phn ca thn
qung c xc nh r c ba mt.
orebody [10420] : thn qung.
n: ore bed.
ore breaker [10421] : dng c tho li khoan.
ore breaking [10422] : qung c khai
thc v p nh.
ore breccia [10423] : dm kt qung.
ore bunch [10424] : qung, ti qung.
ore chimney [10425] : ct qung.
ore chute [10426] : ct qung, ti qung.
ore cluster [10427] : ti qung, m qung.
ore deposit [10428] : m qung.
n: deposite.
ore developing [10429] : pht trin m,
m m.
ore dressing [10430] : x l qung, tuyn
qung, lm giu qung.
ore dump [10431] : ng qung.
ore face [10432] : gng l c qung.
ore forming [10433] : to qung.
ore forming fluid [10434] : cht khong ha
to qung.
Dung dch, dung th to qung.
ore forming process [10435] : qu trnh
to qung.
ore forming solution [10436] : dung dch to
qung, dung dch cha qung.
oregonite [10437] : oregonit.
Khong vt h su phng: Ni2FeAs2.
ore hole [10438] : l khoan gp qung.
ore in sight [10439] : qung l ra, qung
trn mt.
ore injection [10440] : tim nhp qung.
Orellan [10441] : Orellan.
Bc Bc M. Oligocen trung (nm trn
Chadron, nm di Whitney).
ore magma [10442] : magma cha qung.
Magma c th kt tinh thnh qung. Cc
tng sulfur, oxid v kim loi ca magma
ng cng.
ore microscopy [10443] : knh hin vi quan
st qung.
Nghin cu khong vt qung trong mu
mi lng, vi knh hin vi dng nh sng
phn chiu.
Orenburgian [10444] : Orenburgi.
Bc Nga. Phn trn cng ca Carbon
thng (nm trn Gzhel, nm di Asseli
ca Permi).
orendite [10445] : orendit.
1- Lamproit leucit kin trc porphyr cha
ban tinh phlogopit trn nn mu xm gm
leucit, sanidin, phlogopit, amphibol, diopsid,
khng cha nephelin.
2- Trachit phlogopit leucit. (Thut ng
khng nn dng).
ore of igenous origin [10446] : qung ngun
gc magma.
ore pile [10447] : ng qung.
ore pocket [10448] : ti qung.
ore pulp [10449] : qung c nghin nh,
nho, c nc.
ore shoots [10450] : bu qung.
on thn qung bao bi cc phn qung
khng th khai thc hoc qung ngho.
ore stamp [10451] : chy nghin qung.
ore stock [10452] : bu qung, thn qung
th cn.
ore stone [10453] : mch (khng
phi qung).
ore vein [10454] : mch qung.
ore washing [10455] : ra qung, i qung.
organ genus [10456] : ging c quan.
Mt tn ging dng ch mt nhm thc
vt ha thch c th xp vo mt h t nhin
vi s phn bit ti thiu vi cc ging thc vt
nh khi xem xt thng thng.
organic [10457] : hu c.
Thuc v hu c, c c tnh hu c.
organic soil [10458] : t hu c.
t cha ch yu vt liu hu c nh t
than bn, t m ly.
435
 organic weathering [10459] : phong ha
sinh vt.
Cc qu trnh phong ha, ph hy di
tc ng ca sinh vt. n: biology weathering.
organochlorine [10460] : organoclorin.
Tn gi chung ca cc hp cht hu c cha
clo, cn c gi l hydrat carbon clo ha, c
bn v c tnh cao nn c tc dng dit tr
su b (nh DDT, aldrin, linan, v.v.). B cm
s dng hoc hn ch s dng Vit Nam.
Oriental amethyst [10461] : thch anh tm
phng ng.
1- Loi saphir mu tm n ta.
2- Thch anh tm mu cc p.
oriental cat's-eye [10462] : khong vt mt
mo ng nh.
n: chrysoberyl.
oriental chrysolit [10463] : crysolit.
Crysolit ng nh; crysoberyl mu vng-xanh
nht.
orientation [10464] : nh hng.
S m t dng v i xng tinh th, v tr ca
tinh th, trc kt tinh ca n trong v tr theo
quy c.
orientation diagram [10465] : th theo
hng hay cn gi l th hoa hng.
Biu din tnh tp trung ca s liu theo
hng. Thng c hnh trn hoc na hnh trn,
trn chia lm nhiu cung (sect). m s gi
tr ri vo cc cung v biu din di dng tia.
Cung no c s im nhiu nht th tia di nht.
Thng s dng pht hin t gy, theo di
th nm v cc yu t kin to.
orientation of core [10466] : nh hng
li khoan.
n: core orientation.
orientation of discontinuities [10467] :
hng gin on (khe nt, t gy, v.v.).
orientators [10468] : thit b nh hng
li khoan.
oriented sample [10469] : mu nh hng.
Mu c ly nghin cu cu trc
a cht.
orientite [10470] : orientit.
Khong vt h thoi mu nu n en:
Ca2 Mn3+3(SiO4)3(OH).
origin of planes [10471] : gc ta .
Giao im ca ba mt phng to nn h ta
-cc trong khng gian ba chiu.
original stream [10472] : dng chy
nguyn sinh.
n: consequent stream.
original valley [10473] : thung lng
nguyn sinh.
Thung lng c hnh thnh bi hot ng
c ngun gc su, bi hot ng kin to, khc
vi hot ng ca nc chy.
Oriskanian [10474] : Oriskan.
Bc Bc M. Devon h (nm trn
Helderberg, nm di Deerpark).
ornamentation [10475] : t im.
1- Cc du vt v hnh vn c trng trn
thn mt ng vt, v d cc g, rnh, ht, mu,
gai trn b mt v.
2- S thay i cu trc lp ngoi cng
exinc ca ht phn hay bo t.
Ornithischia [10476] : Thn ln hng chim.
Mt trong hai b ca B st dng Thn ln
c ni chung c coi l Khng long, c trng
bi xng mu phn nhnh hoc tiu gim, c
xu hng rng to thnh dy v pht trin m,
n c. Tui: t Trias mun n Creta mun.
ornoite [10477] : ornoit.
Mt dng ca diorit hornblend.
orogen [10478] : to ni.
n: orogenic belt.
orogene [10479] : to ni.
n: orogenic belt.
orogenesis [10480] : to ni.
n: orogeny.
orogenetic [10481] : to ni.
n: orogenic.
orogenic [10482] : to ni.
n: orogeny.
orogenic belt [10483] : ai to ni.
Khu vc hp, di, b un np v cc bin
dng khc trong mt chu k to ni. ai to ni
l cc ai ng trong cc giai on cu thnh
ca n. Hu ht cc ai to ni sau ny u tr
thnh cc ai ni bi cc qu trnh sau to ni.
n: fold belt; orogen, orogene.
orogenic unconformity [10484] : khng chnh
hp to ni.
Mt khng chnh hp l sn phm ca
chuyn ng to ni mang tnh a phng.
orogeny [10485] : qu trnh to ni trong mt
khu vc.
orography [10486] : sn vn hc.
Mn hc v ni-mt nhnh ca a l t
nhin nghin cu v s phn b, c im v s
hnh thnh, cu trc ca cc ni, cc dy ni,
cc h ni; M t a hnh b mt Tri t hoc
mt b phn ca n v th hin a hnh trn
436
bn hoc m hnh; Cc c im a hnh
ca mt vng c bit. n: orology, orography.
orpheite [10487] : orpheit.
Khong vt h ba phng:
H6Pb10Al20(PO4)12 (SO4)5(OH)40.11H2O.
orthid [10488] : Orthida.
Tay cun c khp thuc mt b c trng
ch yu bi v khng thng l hoc c l trong,
c khe tam gic h v tm tay. Tui: Cambri
sm-Permi mun.
ortho [10489] : ortho.
Tip u ng s dng gi tn cc bin
cht hnh thnh t cc magma, nh:
orthogneis, orthoamphibolit hoc phn bit
orthoquarzit vi metaquarzit.
orthoamphibole [10490] : orthoamphibol.
1- Tn nhm amphibol kt tinh trong
h thoi.
2- Khong vt h thoi ca nhm amphibol,
nh anthophylit, gedrit v holmquistit.
orthoandesite [10491] : orthoandesit.
Andezit cha pyroxen thoi. (Thut ng
khng nn dng).
orthoantigorite [10492] : orthoantigorit.
Khong vt ca nhm serpentin:
Mg3Si2O5(OH)4, h thoi.
orthoaxis [10493] : trc trc giao.
Trong tinh th h n nghing, trc bn i
xng bc 2 v l thng gc vi mt i xng.
Orthoceratite [10494] : Orthoceras.
Chn u Nautiloidea thuc mt ging c
trng bi c ba rnh dc phng cha thn.
orthochamorite [10495] : orthochamorit.
Khong vt nhm clorit:
(Fe+2,Mg,Fe+3)6Al,Si3O10(OH)8, lng hnh
vi chamorit.
orthochlorite [10496] : orthochlorit
(orthoclorit).
1- Tn nhm ca nhng dng kt tinh c
bit ca clorit (nh clinoclor v peninit).
2- Tn nhm clorit c cng thc chung l:
(R+2, R+3)6(Si, Al)4O10(OH)8.
orthochoanitic [10497] : thng c.
Ni v c ca vch ngn v Chn u
Nautiloidea c hnh tr thng, ch th ra mt
khong ngn v pha vch ngn tip theo.
orthochrysotile [10498] : orthochrysotil.
Khong vt nhm serpentin: Mg3Si2O5(OH)4,
h thoi.
orthoclase [10499] : orthoclas.
1- Khong vt nhm feldspar kim khng
mu, trng vng-crem, hng ti hoc xm:
KAlO3O8. N l bin th h n nghing, n
nh nhit cao, v thng cha t natri.
Orthoclas l khong vt to ph bin trong
magma acid v phin kt tinh.
n: common feldspar, orthose.
2- Thut ng chung dng cho feldspar-kali
h n nghing, nh sanidin, microclin adular
v analbit. Ss: plagioclase, anorthoclase.
orthoclasite [10500] : orthoclasit.
Granit hoc syenit kin trc porphyr cha
orthoclas. xm nhp vi hm lng
orthoclas ln hn 90%. (Thut ng khng
nn dng).
orthocline [10501]:khng nghing,khng xin.
Din bn l ca v Tay cun khng nghing,
m l s tip ni thng ca mt khp; V Thn
mm hai mnh c hng thng gc hay gn
thng gc vi trc bn l; Cc ng tng
trng ct vng cun theo gc vung.
orthocone [10502] : v sng thng.
V hnh sng thng, thon, ging v
Orthoceras.
orthodome [10503] : orthodom.
Thut ng c dng cho tinh th h n
nghing, cc mt ca n song song vi h trc
giao, k hiu l [hol].
orthodont [10504] : rng thng.
Bn l Thn mm hai mnh c rng song
song hay gn song song vi b bn l.
orthoericssonite [10505] : orthoericsonit.
Khong vt: BaMn2(FeO)Si2O7(OH).
orthofelsite [10506] : orthofelsit.
n: orthophyre.
orthoferrosilite [10507] : orthoferosilit
Khong vt nhm orthopyroxen:
(Fe, Mg) SiO3. Ss: clinoferosilite.
orthogranite [10508] : granit kali
orthographic projection [10509] : h chiu
phi cnh theo phng v
orthogyrate [10510] : cong thng
nh v Thn mm hai mnh khi cong
xung th m hng sang pha mnh i din.
orthomagmatic stage [10511] : giai on
magma chnh.
Giai on chnh ca qu trnh kt tinh cc
khong vt silicat t magma in hnh. Giai
on, trong 90% magma c kt tinh
(ng ngha vi giai on tecti).
orthomimic feldspar [10512] : feldspar
trc giao.
Nhm feldspar c song tinh gi hnh tnh i
xng cao, ct khai vung gc.
437
 orthophyre [10513] : orthophyr.
Thut ng c, khng cn dng ch
porphyr cha ban tinh orthoclas.
n: orthofelsite.
orthophyric [10514] : orthophyric.
Kin trc phn nn ca magma kin trc
porphyr, trong cc tinh th feldspar c hnh
lng tr, ngn, khc vi que tm trong kin trc
trachit.
orthopinakiolite [10515] : orthopinakiolit.
Khong vt h thoi mu en:
(Mg,Mn+2)2Mn+3BO5, ng hnh
piakiolit.
orthopyroxene [10516] : orthopyroxen.
1-Tn nhm pyroxen kt tinh trong h thoi
v thng khng cha calci v mt t hoc
khng cha alumin.
2-Khong vt h thoi ca nhm pyroxen:
enstatit, bronzit, hypesthen v orthoferosilit.
Ss: clinopyroxene.
orthopyroxenite [10517] : orthopyroxenit.
xm nhp, theo phn loi ca IUGS, c
M90 v opx/(ol+opx+cpx) >90.
orthorhombic system [10518] : h thoi.
Mt trong su h kt tinh, c trng bi ba
trc i xng thng gc vi nhau v c di
khng bng nhau.
orthorostrum [10519] : li chy.
Phn gn tm ca chy mt s Tn gm
cc phin aragonit nguyn thy.
orthose [10520] : orthos.
1- Loi orthoclas mu vng.
2- Thut ng c c Hang (1801) s dng
cho nhm khong vt feldspar.
orthosite [10521] : orthosit.
Syenit ht th, sng mu, gm hu ht l
orthoclas (Turner, 1900).
orthostratigraphy [10522] : a tng chun,
tng chun.
a tng c xc nh trn c s ha thch
ng nht, c ghi nhn trong i ha thch
nh tng. Ss: parastratigraphy.
orthotectic stage [10523] : giai on magma
chnh.
n: orthomagmatic stage.
orthotropy [10524] : trc giao, trc chun.
ortlerite [10525] : ortlerit.
Diorit porphyr xm nhp nng ging lc
v cha t orthoclas. (Thut ng c).
orvietite [10526] : orvietit.
Trachybasalt gm plagioclas v sanidin vi
hm lng gn bng nhau, leucit, augit, t
biotit, olivin v khong vt ph apatit, oxid
khng thu quang (Niggli, 1923, Orvieto,
Italia). (Thut ng khng nn dng).
Osagian [10527] : Osag.
Thng khu vc Bc M, Mississipi h (nm
trn Kinderhook, nm di Meramec).
osarisite [10528] : osarisit.
Khong vt h n nghing: (Os, Ru)AsS.
osarizawaite [10529] : osarizawait.
Khong vt mu vng: PbCuAl2 (SO4)2(OH)6
osbornite [10530] : osbornit.
vi Khong vt thin thch: TiN.
oscillation [10531] : dao ng.
Thut ng ch qu trnh bin tin-bin li
lp li nhiu ln lm thay i c im trm
tch trong qu trnh tch t. Ss: pulsation.
oscillation ripple mark [10532] : dao ng
vt sng ct.
Vt gn sng i xng vi nh thng, hp,
sc nm gia cc mng trng rng, c hnh
thnh do chuyn ng quay hoc chuyn ng
i qua, i li ca nc, c gy ri bi s dao
ng ca nc. n: oscillation ripple;
oscillatory ripple mark; wave ripple mark.
oscillatory twinning [10533] : song tinh
dao ng.
Song tinh song song, lp li.
osmiridium [10534] : osmiridi.
Khong vt lp phng mu trng n xm
(Ir,Os). l hp kim t sinh c cha 25-40%
Os v 50-60 % Ir v c th c t Pt.
n: iridosmine.
osmium [10535] : osmi (Os).
1-Nguyn t ha hc s 76, nguyn t lng
190,233; t trng 22,57g/cm3, c 6 ng v bn
v 35 khng bn, thuc nhm kim loi qu,
nng, siderophil. Hm lng Os trong v lc
a trn l 0,00005 ppm. Khong vt tiu biu
ca Os l laurit (Ru,Os)S2. Phng php phn
tch: ICP-MS, INAA.
2-Khong vt h su phng, Osir c osmi
ln hn 80%.
osmosis [10536] : thm lc, thm thu.
S xm nhp ca mt dung mi t dung dch
long sang dung dch m c hn qua mng
chn na thm, ngha l mng chn ch cho
dung mi i qua.
osmotic pressure [10537] : p lc thm thu.
p lc bn ngoi tc ng ln mt dung
dch nhm ngn chn s xm nhp ca mt
dung mi bng thm thu qua mng bn thm,
ch cho php dung mi i qua.
438
 ossipite [10538] : osipit.
Troctolit ht th, cha labrador, olivin,
magnetit v t pyroxen xin. (Thut ng khng
nn dng).
osteolite [10539] : osteolit.
Khong vt dng khi, dng t (apatit)
cha photsphat calci.
ostracode [10540] : V cng (Ostracoda).
ng vt V gip (Crustacea) thy sinh c
trng bng mt v cng calci hai mnh vi bn
l dc ra lng. Hu ht ng vt v cng c
kch thc hin vi (di 0,4-1,5mm), tuy c
nhng dng nc ngt di ti 5mm v nhng
dng bin di ti 30mm. Tui: t Cambri sm
n nay.
ostracum [10541] : lp vi ngoi.
Phn ngoi ca vch vi v Thn mm hai
mnh do ra lp o tit ra, song cng c tc gi
dng thut ng ny vi ngha nh ton b
vch vi ca v.
ostraite [10542] : ostrait.
Iacupirangit cha nhiu spinel. (Thut ng
khng nn dng).
osumilite [10543] : osumilit.
Khong vt h su phng:
(K,Na)(Mg,Fe+2)2(Al,Fe)3(Si,Al)12O30.H2O.
otavite [10544] : otavit.
Khong vt h su phng: CdCO3, ng
kin trc vi calcit.
ottajanite [10545] : otajanit.
Tephrit hoc trachybasalt, c thnh phn ha
hc ng vi somait, c thnh phn khong vt
gm cc ban tinh augit, leucit trn nn gm
plagioclas bas, leucit, augit, t xanidin, nephelin
olivin, hornblend, biotit, apatit v oxid khng
thu quang. (Thut ng khng nn dng).
ottemannite [10546] : otemanit.
Khong vt: Sn2S3.
ouenite [10547] : ouenit.
Diaba ht mn ging nh eucrit v cha
diopxit crom, anoctit, t hypersten v olivin.
ourayite [10548] : ourayit.
Khong vt: Ag25Pb30Bi41S104, ng hnh
vi lilianit.
outcrop [10549] : ni l, ch l.
Mt phn thnh h hoc cu trc a cht th
hin trn b mt Tri t; gc ch b ph bi
trm tch b ri nh aluvi.
outcrop water [10550] : nc l, nc tri.
Nc ngm l (tri) ln mt t do mc
nc dng cao hay do mt t h thp ngang
mc nc.
outer hinge plate [10551] : phin bn l ngoi
Phin bn l cong lm hay gn nm ngang
b bn l ca mt s Tay cun phn tch cc g
hc trong v nn mc tay.
outer lamella [10552] : lp bc ngoi.
Lp v tng i dy ca ng vt V cng
(Ostracoda) nm gia cc lp mng chitin, c
tc dng che y v bo v cc phn mm ca
c th v cc chi.
outer lip [10553] : mi ngoi.
Ra xa trc (ra bn) ca l ming v Chn
bng ko di t ng khu ti chn ct gia.
outer mantle [10554] : manti ngoi.
n: upper mantle.
outer mantle lobe [10555] : thy o ngoi.
Phn ngoi vi ca o Tay cun tch khi
thy trong bi mt rnh o, Tay cun c khp
c chc nng tit ra lp v nguyn thy.
outer planets [10556] : cc hnh tinh
vng ngoi.
Trong Thi Dng h, ngi ta chia ra 2
nhm hnh tinh vng trong v vng ngoi, ty
thuc khong cch n Mt tri. C 5 hnh tinh
vng ngoi; 4 hnh tinh to ln thuc vng ngoi
theo th t t gn n xa Mt tri l: Sao Mc
(Jupiter), Sao Th (Saturn), Sao Thin Vng
(Uranus), Sao Hi Vng (Neptune). Cc hnh
tinh ny v cc v tinh ca chng c cu to
ch yu bng cc cht kh v nhn bng .
Hnh tinh xa nht ngoi cng l Dim Vng
(Pluto) c cu to bi methan, nc trng
thi kt tinh v . Khong cch t Dim
Vng n Mt tri trung bnh l 5,9 t km.
outer plate [10557] : phin ngoi.
i phin gn thng ng b bn l Tay
cun thuc lin h Pentameracea c mt bng
ni lin vi gc ca mu tay v cnh lng bm
vo mt v.
outer reef [10558] : m tiu ngoi.
Mt trong nhng m tiu gm phn pha
bin hoc pha bn trng ca phc h m tiu.
Chng c xu hng pht trin rng hn v tt
hn so vi m tiu trong, nm trn cng
mt vng.
outer side [10559] : cnh ngoi.
on pha cong li ca ng gia trc
v sau ca mt yu t Rng nn (Conodonta).
outfall [10560] : ca sng
Ca sng hoc sui ca h.
outflow [10561] : chy i.
1- S cung cp nc t sng vo bin.
n: efflux.
439
 2- Nc sng chy ra khi lu vc tiu
nc; Nc chy ra khi h. n: outlet.
outflow cave [10562] : hang nc chy ra.
Hang c nc chy ra hoc c bit l c
nc chy ra.
n: effluent cave, cave of debouchure.
outlet [10563] : tho nc, nc chy ra,
ca ra.
Ch hp u thp hn ca h, dn nc h
vo mt dng thot nc. n: outflow; Ch
thp hn ca ngun nc, l ni nc chy vo
h hoc bin.
outlet head [10564] : ca thot nc h.
Ni nc h chy ra v nhp vo dng
chy thot.
output data [10565] : s liu u ra.
S liu u ra ca cc phn mm ng dng
trong a cht, c th di dng vn bn, ha
( th, bn , v.v.) hay CSDL.
outside price [10566] : gi ti a.
outsrop area [10567] : phm vi b chim bi
cc tng c th.
outwash [10568] : ra tri do bng tan.
Vt liu t b ra tri xung sn i do
bng tan v tch ng li ch thoi.
outwash apron [10569] : tng ngn ra tri.
n: outwash plain.
outwash cone [10570] : nn ra tri.
Tch t dng nn nghing, dc do trm tch
b dng nc ra tri, bng tan ra bng h
ang b tan chy. n: wash cone.
outwash drift [10571] : trm tch ra tri.
outwash fan [10572] : qut ra tri.
Tch t dng nc dng qut do dng nc
tan ra t bng. S kt hp cc qut ra tri to
nn ng bng ra tri.
outwash plain [10573] : ng bng ra tri do
bng tan.
Lp ph rng, thoi do dng nc ra tri,
c tch t bi dng nc bng tan v c to
nn bi cc nn ra tri. B mt ca mt th
ra tri rng. n: outwash apron, morainal
apron, frontal plain, wash plain, marginal
plain, sandur, morainal plain.
outwash plain shoreline [10574] : ng b
ca ng bng ra tri.
S thoi ha ca ng b , gp ni
ng bng ra tri trc bng h hnh thnh
tip vo h hoc bin.
outwash terrace [10575] : thm ra tri.
Thm lng ng cc vt liu trm tch thung
lng, b ct ra thnh tng khonh nh, ko di
theo hng xui dng t ng bng ra tri
hoc bng tch mi. n: frontal terrace, over
wash terrace.
outwash train [10576] : lot ra tri.
n: valley train.
oven-dried [10577] : l sy.
Lm kh mu t bng t sy.
overbank deposit [10578] : trm tch bi bi.
Trm tch ht mn (bn v st) tch t trn
bi bi.
overbreak [10579] : dp v, gy v qu mc
(so vi thit k).
Hay gp trong k thut cng trnh ngm
bng phng php n mn, khi k thut n mn,
liu thuc n, thi gian v bin php lp dng
tr lc cha hp l, dn ti hin tng gy v
qu mc thnh v vm hm l.
overburden [10580] : lp ph.
(cctr) Ti trng ca t p thm, ti trng
cht thm, ti trng ph thm tc dng ln cc
lp t.
overburden pressure [10581]:p sut t ph.
n: geostatic pressure.
overcompaction [10582] : m qu mc.
m vi nng lng ln hn yu cu.
overconsolidated [10583] : qu c kt.
Trong qu trnh thnh to v lch s ca lp
t, c tc dng ca ti trng ln hn trng
lng hin c ca cc lp t.
overconsolidated clay [10584] : t st qu
c kt.
Tc l trong qu kh st chu p sut lp
ph ln hn so vi hin ti.
overconsolidation ratio (OCR) [10585] : h
s qu c kt.
overcoring stress measurement [10586] :
o trng ng sut bng phng php
khoan chm.
n: stress measurement methods:
overcoring.
overdeepened valley [10587] : thung lng
khot su.
Thung lng thoi ha ca bng h ni cao,
hin b chim bi mt con sng c tch t.
overdeepening [10588] : o su, khot su.
Qu trnh o su v m rng mt thung
lng k tha trc bng h do xi mn ca
bng h t ti mc xm thc c s. Cc trng
st kh v h l y l ph bin.
overdip slope [10589] : sn qu dc.
B mt a hnh dc v cng mt hng
440
nhng cng dc hn so vi dc ca cc lp
l trn b mt mt ny.
overdraft [10590] : khai thc qu mc (cthv).
S khai thc nc vi lu lng vt qu
kh nng b cp, khin cho ngun nc cn
kit, suy gim cht lng. n: surexploitation.
overfall [10591] : ch nc xoy.
B mt cun xoy. Nhiu ng ca nc
c gy nn do gp dng chy mnh, do gi
chuyn ng ngc vi dng chy, do dng
chy gp sng cao ngm.
overfit stream [10592] : dng chy khng
tng ng.
Thung lng qu rng khng th b xi mn,
hoc bi bi ca thung lng qu nh so vi kch
c ca dng chy.
overflow [10593] : dng chy trn.
Dng nc chy trn qua b sng, b h,
p, v.v. do nc qu y. n: overflow stream.
overflow channel [10594] : rnh c x bi
nc trn b h.
overflow spring [10595] : mch nc trn.
Mch nc ngm xut l trn mt t khi
mc nc dng cao qu mc xm thc a
phng do c b cp bi nc ma hay nc
thm t h cha, v.v.
overflow stream [10596] : dng chy trn.
Dng nc trn qua b sng; Dng nc
tun ra t h vo sng, bin hoc h khc. n:
spill stream; overflow.
overfold [10597] : np un o.
overhang [10598] : phn treo nh ra.
Vch mi mn dng treo; Mt phn ca vm
mui nh cao trn nh ca vm ging nh ci
m ca cy nm.
overhanging ripple [10599] : vt gn sng
hnh thoi.
overite [10600] : overit.
Khong vt mu xanh nht n khng mu:
CaMgAl(PO4)2(OH).4H2O.
overland flow [10601] : dng chy mt t.
Mt phn dng chy trn mt t nhp vo
sui v tr thnh mt b phn ca dng chy
ton b. n: unconcentrated flow.
overlap [10602] : ph, lp ph, ghp ni.
1- Thut ng tng qut phn nh s m rng
ca trm tch bin, h, hoc lc a che lp
hoc ph ln nm di v bt chnh hp
thng i km vi mi quan h . Thut ng
thng c s dng theo ngha bin tin, v
i khi s dng theo ngha ph chm
(overstep). n: replacing overlap.
2-(tc) Ghp ni, ch ni gia hai mnh bn
, hai mng s liu.
overlap fault [10603] : t gy chm nghch.
overlap zone [10604] : i ph, i chm.
n: concurrent range zone.
overlapping spur [10605] : nhnh ni chm.
n: interlocking spur.
overloaded stream [10606] : dng chy vt
liu qu ti.
Dng chy c qu nhiu trm tch n mc
phi tch t mt phn ti trng .
overlying bed [10607] : lp nm trn.
overprint [10608] : ph hy h.
S ph hy mt phn hoc hon ton h
phng x nguyn sinh kn bng tc ng ca
nhit magma, kin to, lm mt hoc b sung
cc ng v phng x hoc x sinh, do lm
thay i tui ng v tht ca h.
oversaturated [10609] : bo ha.
magma hoc magma cha lng silic
(hoc oxid nhm) nhiu hn so vi yu cu, to
nn cc khong vt bo ha trong thnh phn
hin c.
oversteepened valley [10610] : thung lng
bng h.
Thung lng c bng h t do vi mt sn
cao v dc hn sn i din do s nh u ca
bng h trc va p vo sn .
oversteepened wall [10611] : sn dc cui
rnh, khe c thnh to do bng h.
oversteepening [10612] : qu trnh xi mn
ca bng h ni cao to nn dc qu ln ca
cc sn.
overstrain [10613] : bin dng qu mc.
Bin dng qu ln.
overstressed [10614] : khu vc, vng chu ti
trng ln hn d kin.
overthrust [10615] : chm nghch.
overthrust block [10616] : khi ph chm
nghch.
n: overthrust nappe
overthrust fault [10617]:t gy chm nghch.
n: overthrust
overthrust nappe [10618] : lp ph
chm nghch.
Th to nn cnh treo ca t gy chm
nghch. n: overthrust block; overthrust sheet;
overthrust slice.
overturn [10619] : lt ngc, tun trn ca
cc lp nc.
thc nc, sui, h, bin, nc trn mt
chm xung trn ln vi nc di y.
441
 overturning [10620] : chuyn ng ngc t
di ln.
Chuyn ng ca nc y cun ln trn
mt hoc nc tri bin, hoc s chuyn ng
chm theo ma ca nc h (gi l fall
overturn).
overwash [10621] : ra tri.
Khi nc nh sng v b chy trn nh
thm b (hoc cu trc khc) v khng chy
ngc li v bin hoc h. Nc chy phm vi
hp trn cc phn thp ca chn hoc doi ct
c bit khi c triu cao hoc bo.
overwash mark [10622] : vt ra tri.
Sng ct dng li hp, hnh thnh do ra
tri sn pha t lin ca b thm.
overwash pool [10623] : vc ra tri.
Vc triu gia thm b v vch bi bin, ni
nc ch vo c khi c triu cao.
owyheeite [10624] : owyheeit.
Khong vt mu xm thp n trng bc:
Ag2Pb5Sb6S15 dng khi, si tinh th hnh kim.
n: silver jamesonite.
oxammite [10625] : oxamit.
Khong vt h thoi mu trng-vng nht,
trong (oxalat ammon): (NH4)2C2O4.H2O.
oxbow [10626] : h mng nga.
1- Khc un sng ng kn hnh ch U.
n: horsehoe bend.
2- on lng sng dng mng nga b b li
do c khc un trc y, khi sng to ra mt
ng ct ngang qua eo khc un.
n: abandoned channel.
oxbow lake [10627] : h mng nga.
n: oxbow; loop lake; mort lake; moat;
horseshoe lake; cutoff lake; crescentic lake.
Oxfordian [10628] : Oxford.
Bc chu u. Jura thng (nm trn
Callov, nm di Kimmeridg).
oxoferrite [10629] : oxoferrit.
Loi st t nhin c mt t FeO trong dung
dch cng.
oxycone [10630] : v nhn ra.
V cun ca Chn u hp ngang, c ra
bng rt hp n sc cnh v rn thng hp
hoc b ph kn.
oxydation [10631] : oxy ha.
Qu trnh ha hc c th dn n c nh
lng oxy hoc tn tht hydro, hoc tn tht
electron. Qu trnh ngc li l qu trnh kh.
oxygen [10632] : oxy (O).
Tn La tinh l oxygenium. Nguyn t ha
hc s 8, nguyn t lng 15,9994; c 3 ng
v bn v 10 khng bn, thuc nhm khng kim
loi nh, atmophil, biophil, lithophil. Cc
khong vt c nhiu oxy gm cc nhm: oxid
n gin nh thch anh, rutil, zincit, corindon;
cc oxid phc tp nh zircon, spinen, brockit;
cc hydroxid v hydrit nh gtit, diaspo,
gypsum, v.v.
oxygen deficit [10633] : thiu ht oxy.
S chnh lch gia lng oxy ha tan trong
nc h, nc bin vi nng bo ha ti
nhit ca khi nc nghin cu.
oxygen demand [10634] : nhu cu oxy.
n: chemical oxygen demand.
oxygen isotope fractionation [10635] : t l
ca cc ng v oxy (O18/O16).
T l ca cc ng v oxy (O18/O16) trong
cc vt th cha oxy nh v s, c, c th s
dng xc nh nhit thnh to ca cc vt
th .
oxymesostasis [10636] : oxymesostasis.
Mezostazic gm thch anh, orthoclas hoc
c hai.
oxyophitic [10637] : oxyophitic.
1- Kin trc ophit vi nn oxymesostatic;
2- c kin trc oxyphitic.
oyelite [10638] : oyelit.
Nhm khong vt c cng thc thc nghim:
0,99CaO.0,10B2O3. 0,80SiO2.1,25H2O.
oyster reef [10639] : m tiu hu c.
Rn hu nh ton l mnh v s gn cht
vo mt v tr ang cao ln.
ozone layer [10640] : lp ozon.
Mt lp trong tng bnh lu ca kh quyn,
nm cao t 20 n 50km trn mt t,
cha cc phn t ozon (O3), c tc dng bo v
mt t khi b tc ng ca cc tia cc tm t
mt tri chiu xung. Ngy nay, do c s gia
tng pht thi ca cc kh nh knh t cc
hot ng cng nghip, lp ozon b ph hy,
c bit l Nam Cc, lp ozon b suy gim
nghim trng to thnh "l thng" ln, qua
cc tia cc tm t Mt tri chiu thng xung
mt t gy ra nhiu bnh tt nguy him
cho con ngi nh ung th da, c thy tinh
th mt, v.v.
ozonization [10641] : ozon ha.
S thm ozon vo nc hoc nc thi nhm
kh trng, oxy ha cc cht hu c hoc loi
mi v kh chu trong nc.
442
 paakkonenite [10642] : pakonenit.
Khong vt: Sb2AsS2.
pabastite [10643] : pabastit.
Khong vt: Ba(Sn, Ti)S3O9.
pachyodont [10644] : rng dy.
B rng ca Thn mm hai mnh c cc rng
bn l dy, th v khng nh hnh.
pacific suite [10645] : t hp Thi
Bnh Dng.
Mt trong hai nhm ln cc magma c
trng thnh phn vi v kim vi t v
tam ca ton th gii, l hai t hp Thi Bnh
Dng v i Ty Dng. Bi cnh kin to ca
cc vng khc nhau ca Thi Bnh Dng v
i Ty Dng l rt ln nn, cc kiu cng
khc nhau. Do vy, hin nay thut ng ny t s
dng.
pacific-type coastline [10646]: ng b kiu
Thi Bnh Dng.
Kiu ng b chnh hp c bit pht trin
quanh b Thi Bnh Dng, phn nh ng
phng lin tc ca h thng ni un np bao
quanh Thi Bnh Dng, "bin hnh" ca ng
b kiu Thi Bnh Dng, pht trin sau chui
o v k vi cc mng trng ra, v d ng
b chu .
packet texture [10647] : cu to dng b.
c trng s nhm thnh b cc tinh th
thch anh trong pegmatit.
packing [10648] : sp xp ca ht.
Phng thc sp xp hoc phn b khng
gian ca cc ht trong trm tch hoc ca
nguyn t hoc ion trong li an cho ca tinh
th. n: fabric, compaction.
packing density [10649] : mt ht.
o c s phn b cc ht ca trm tch
chim khi lng ln ca trong mi tng
quan vi khong trng gia cc ht dc theo
chiu ngang lt mng.
packing proximity [10650] : tip cn ht.
nh gi s ht (trong trm tch) tip xc
vi cc ht k cn bng tng phn trm ca tip
xc gia cc ht dc theo chiu ngang trong lt
mng.
packsand [10651] : ct mn.
Loi ct kt ht rt mn gn kt ch yu bi
mt t xi mng vi, d chia ct.
packstone [10652] : pack.
Thut ng c s dng ch loi
carbonat trm tch kt ht c cha bn vi.
pagoda stone [10653] : dng miu.
1- Mt loi vi Trung Quc, trong
mt ct ha Orthocertites c sp xp ging
hnh ngi miu.
2- Loi agat c cc hnh ta ngi miu.
3- Pagodit.
pagodite [10654] : pagodit.
Pinit cu to khi hoc agalmatolit m ngi
Trung Quc khc, gt thnh cc ngi cha thu
nh.
paha [10655] : i bng h thp.
G bng h thp dng ko di, trn, ch yu
gm tng, , ct, bt, st do gi thi nhng
c ph bi mt lp hong th. Chiu cao thay
i t 10-30m.
pahoehoe [10656] : pahoehoe.
Cc dng dung nham basalt Haoai, c
trng b mt bng phng, gn sng hoc chui
nh dy thng. (Thut ng c).
Pahrump [10657] : Pahrump.
Mt lot Tin Cambri California.
painite [10658] : painit.
Khong vt: CaZnBAl9O18.
paint pot [10659] : chu bn a sc.
Mt kiu bn hnh chu nhiu mu.
paired terrace [10660] : thm kp.
Mt trong hai bc thm sui i mt,
ngang chiu cao vi pha i din ca thung
lng sui v th hin cc phn tn d ca cng
mt ng bng l hoc y thung lng.
443
 n: matched terrace.
pakihi [10661] : pakihi.
Thut ng c dng New Zealand ch
mt phng ca si b nc bo mn.
palagonite [10662] : palagonit.
Tachilit bin i, mu nu, vng, da cam, l
cc vt liu lp y trong dung nham dng gi
hoc trong hnh nhn.
palagonite tuff [10663] : tuf palagonit.
Loi vn ni la (pyroclastic) cha cc
mnh gc cnh thy tinh basalt b phong ha
hay b bin i nhit dch.
palagonitization [10664] : palagonit ha.
Qu trnh hnh thnh palagonit do thy phn
tachylit.
palarstanite [10665] : palarstanit.
Khong vt: Pd8(Sn, As)3.
paleic surface [10666] : b mt c.
B mt xi mn trc bng h bng phng, v
d: b mt pht trin rng Scandinavi.
paleoaktology [10667] : c duyn hi hc.
Nghin cu mi trng nc nng v gn
b c.
paleoalgology [10668] : c to hc.
Mn hc nghin cu to ho thch.
n: paleophycology.
paleoanthropology [10669] : c nhn hc.
Mn hc nghin cu ngi c xa.
paleoaquifer [10670] : tng cha nc c.
n v a tng hoc h thng khe nt, c
chc nng nh mt tng cha nc trong mt
giai on thi k c a cht.
paleobiochemical [10671] : c sinh ha.
Lin quan ti cc sn phm sinh a ha c
nh cc acid amin, acid bo, ng, tch bit
vi cc mu a cht tng tri qua mt t thay
i k t khi chng c sinh ra.
paleobiogeography [10672] : c sinh a l.
Mt nhnh ca c sinh vt hc nghin cu s
phn b a l ca thc vt v ng vt trong
qu kh a cht, nht l ch n cc yu t
sinh thi, kh hu v tin ha lin quan.
paleobiology [10673] : c sinh hc.
Mt ngnh ca c sinh vt hc nghin cu
ha thch nh nhng sinh vt ch khng coi
chng nh nhng c trng ca a cht lch s.
paleobiotope [10674] : c sinh cnh hc.
Thut ng dng trong c sinh thi hc ch
mt khu vc c quy m khng nht nh, c
trng bi cc iu kin mi trng nht thit
phi ng nht v do , c c trng bng
mt qun th ng vt hay thc vt (hoc c hai)
ng nht.
paleoblast [10675] : paleoblast, bin tinh c.
Tinh th hoc tn d ca tinh th, ch yu
trong bin cht, c hn cc tinh th khc ca
cng mt khong vt hoc ca cc khong vt
khc. Chng th hin cc iu kin cn bng
trc ca .
paleobotanic province [10676] : tnh c
thc vt.
Ch mt vng rng ln c cc h thc vt ha
thch ging nhau.
paleobotany [10677] : c thc vt hc.
Khoa hc nghin cu v i sng thc vt
ca qu kh a cht.
n: phytopaleontology, paleophytology.
paleoceanography [10678]: c i dng hc.
Nghin cu cc phng din vt l, ha hc,
sinh hc v a cht hc ca cc i dng trong
qu kh qua s ghi nhn v a cht hc.
Paleocene [10679] : Paleocen.
Th t trn ca tam, tng ng vi thng
Paleocen do Shimper (1874) xc lp. Ranh gii
ca Paleocen vi h Creta nm di v thng
Eocen ph trn cha c s phn chia thng nht
cc khu vc.
paleochannel [10680] : dng c.
Tn d ca lng sng ct vo gc c hn
v c trm tch ca tr hn lp y.
paleoclimate [10681] : c kh hu.
Kh hu ca khong thi gian qua trong
qu kh a cht.
paleoclimatic map [10682]:bn c kh hu.
Bn th hin cc s liu c kh hu ca
khong thi gian qua.
paleoclimatology [10683] : c kh hu hc.
Lnh vc khoa hc nghin cu iu kin kh
hu qua thi gian a cht, nguyn nhn thay i
ca chng, trong phm vi a phng hay ton
cu. N lm c s cho vic lun gii cc ti liu
v trm tch, ha thch, bng h v cc loi ti
liu khc.
paleocrystic ice [10684] : bng c kt tinh.
Bng h bin c, c bit bng vng cc b
phong ha mnh, ni chung c tui t nht l 10
nm: tm thy trong cc ni bng v trong bng
ca vng trung tm Nam Cc.
paleocurrent [10685] : dng chy c.
Dng chy c c trong qu kh a cht, c
hng suy on da theo cu trc v cu to ca
c trc thi k .
paleocurrent structure [10686] : cu trc
dng c.
Cu trc nh hng.
paleodepth [10687] : su c.
su c sinh vt hoc nhm sinh vt
tng sng.
444
 paleodrainage pattern [10688] : c im h
thng sng c.
c im h thng sng th hin s phn b
ca h thung lng nh n tng tn ti ti mt
thi im nht nh trong qu kh a cht.
paleoecology [10689] : c sinh thi hc.
Lnh vc sinh thi hc nghin cu s lin
quan gia cc c th sng vi mi trng sng
ca chng trong qu kh, pht hin nhiu thi
k phn thnh, suy tn hay tuyt dit ca cc
ging loi do s bin i cc iu kin c a l,
c a cht, c kh hu,... da vo nhng chng
tch ha thch lu li trong cc a tng.
paleoenvironment [10690] : c mi trng.
Tnh trng mi trng trong nhng thi k
qu kh a cht.
paleoequator [10691] : ng xch o c.
V tr ca ng xch o Tri t trong qu
kh a cht xc nh cho mt k a cht ring,
da trn dn liu a cht nh cc php o c t.
T l ng v O-, ng thc vt, s phn b ca
evaporit, m tiu, cc m than, tillit, chng hn
c xch o Bc M trong Ocovic chy t u
mt pha Nam Baja Caliafornia n u mt Bc
Greenland.
paleofloristics [10692] : h c thc vt.
Thnh phn v s phn b ca h thc vt c.
paleofluminology [10693] : nghin cu h
thng sng sui c xa.
Paleogene [10694] : Paleogen.
K u tin ca i Kainozoi, trong s
phn chia Kainozoi lm ba k: Paleogen,
Neogen v t, ph bin mt s nc trong
c Lin X c, c thi gian ko di 35-40
triu nm. Tng ng vi h Paleogen do
Nauman (1866) xc lp, bao gm cc thng
Paleocen, Eocen v Oligocen.
n: Eogene; Nummulitic.
paleogeographic event [10695] : bin c c
a l.
X: palevent.
paleogeographic map [10696] : bn c
a l.
Bn th hin iu kin a l t nhin
mt thi im c bit trong qu kh a cht,
bao gm cc thng tin v s phn b ca bin v
t lin, a hnh ca t lin, su ca bin,
hng ca dng nc v dng kh, s phn b
ca trm tch y v cc ai kh hu.
paleogeographic stage [10697]: bc c a l.
paleogeography [10698] : c a l.
Nghin cu v m t v a l t nhin ca
qu kh a cht nh khi phc lch s v m
hnh b mt Tri t hoc mt vng ti mt
thi im trong qu kh a cht hoc nghin
cu s thay i lin tc ca a hnh b mt
trong sut thi gian a cht.
n: paleophysiography.
paleogeologic map [10699] : bn c
a cht.
Bn a cht ca mt vng, vo mt thi
gian nht nh thng v cc di mt mt
khng chnh hp no .
paleogeomorphology [10700]:c a mo hc.
Mt nhnh ca a mo hc nghin cu v c
a hnh, c im a hnh c m hin cn b
che y di mt t hoc b bin ci bi xi
mn. n: paleophysiography.
Paleognathae [10701] : Hm c (Pala-
eognathae) (lin b).
Chim thuc mt lin b ca phn lp Chim
mi (Neornithes), bao gm cc b chim sng
chy trn mt t, nh iu, iu Nam
M (chn ba ngn), iu Australia, chim
Kivi, chim Voi, v.v.
paleohydrogeology [10702] : c a cht
thy vn.
Lnh vc a cht thy vn nghin cu iu
kin a cht thy vn trong qu kh v s pht
trin ca chng trong lch s a cht ca mt
vng, mt bn cha nc hay mt tng cha
nc no . C a cht thy vn c cc
nhim v:
- Lp li lch s a cht thy vn (c thy
ng lc, c thy a ha, c thy a nhit,...),
phn tch s hnh thnh v lun chuyn ca cc
chu trnh thm thu, trm tch, ni sinh ca nc
di t.
- Gii thch ngun gc, iu kin thnh to,
xc nh tui ca nc di t trong cc cu
trc a cht thy vn.
- nh gi vai tr ca nc di t trong s
hnh thnh, bo tn hoc ph hy cc m
khong sn, du kh,... trong qu trnh lch s
a cht.
paleoichnology [10703] : c du vt hc.
X: palichnology.
paleokarst [10704] : karst c.
ca mt vng b karst ha v cn ang
b chn vi di cc trm tch.
n: buried karst; fossil karst.
paleolimnology [10705] : c m h hc.
1- Nghin cu cc iu kin v qu trnh
din ra trong cc h c, lun gii v cc trm
tch c lng ng, v a mo v lch s a
cht ca cc lu vc h c.
2- Nghin cu cc trm tch v lch s cc h
ang tn ti.
paleolithic [10706] : c.
Trong kho c hc, s phn chia u tin ca
445
thi i c trng bi s xut hin con
ngi v kh c nhn to. Vic i snh cc mc
vn ha tng i vi thi i hin nay (v do
vy, vi cc phn v thi (a tng ca a cht
hc) thay i t vng ny n vng khc. Tuy
nhin, tui nu ra ni chung cho c t
nhiu trng hp vi Pleistocen.
n: Old Stone Age.
paleolithologic map [10707] : bn trm
tch c.
Loi bn c a cht th hin s thay i
trm tch mt vi tng b chn vi hoc trong
mt s i hn ch trong mt thi gian nht
nh ca qu kh a cht.
paleomagnetic stratigraphy [10708] : a
tng c t.
Dng t d t nhin nhn bit nhng
phn v a tng. iu ny ph thuc vo s
bin i theo thi gian ca cc trng t bao
quanh, vo s bin i v o nghch lu di ca
a t. n: magnetic stratigraphy.
paleometeoritics [10709] : c thin thch.
Nghin cu s thay i ca cc mnh vn
bn ngoi Tri t nh l hm thi gian trn cc
phn rng ln ca cc s liu v a cht, c
bit trong cc trm tch bin su v c th trong
cc trm tch bin su.
paleomorphology [10710] : c hnh thi hc.
Hnh thi hc hoc s nghin cu v hnh
dng cu trc ca cc tn d b chn vi (phn
cng), nhm xc nh cu trc nguyn thy
(phn mm) ca gii hu c.
paleontography [10711] : c sinh vt hc
m t.
Mn hc m t phn loi hnh thi cc
ha thch.
paleontologic facies [10712] : tng c sinh.
Dng trong a tng hc ch c trng cho c
sinh ca trm tch.
paleontologist [10713] : nh c sinh vt.
Ngi nghin cu nhng di tch ho thch
ng vt hoc thc vt.
paleontology [10714] : c sinh vt hc.
Mn nghin cu v i sng trong thi k
a cht qua trn c s ho thch ng vt,
thc vt v k c huyt thng, mi lin quan ca
chng vi nhng ng vt, thc vt, mi trng
ang tn ti v nin i ca lch s Tri t.
paleopalynology [10715] : c bo t phn hoa.
Mt nhnh ca mn bo t phn hoa hc,
chuyn nghin cu ha thch bo t v phn
hoa. Ngy nay, chuyn ngnh ny cn nghin
cu c cc ho thch vi th ngoi bo t phn
hoa nh To n ngun (Acritarcha), ng vt
v chitin (Chitinozoa), Bo t nm, Trng roi
kinh khng (Dinoflagellata) v cc ha thch
hu c khc bn vng di tc ng ca mi
trng acid v tm thy trong trm tch thuc
nhiu tui khc nhau.
paleopedology [10716] : c th nhng hc.
Nghin cu v t trong cc tui a cht
qua bao hm c s xc nh tui ca chng.
paleophycology [10717] : c to hc.
n: paleoalgology.
paleophyre [10718] : paleophyr.
Andesit porphyrit mu nht xuyn vo cc
lp tui Silur bin gii c-Cng ha Sc.
(Thut ng c).
Paleophytic [10719] : C thc vt.
Mt phn v c thc vt ca thi gian a
cht, ch r trong thi gian ny, Dng x
(Pteridophyta) chim u th, khong thi
gian gia s pht trin ca To v s xut hin
ca cc Ht trn u tin. n: Pteridophytic.
paleophytogeography [10720] : c a l
thc vt.
Mt nhnh ca c sinh a l, nghin cu s
phn b ca thc vt trong qu kh a cht.
paleophytology [10721] : c thc vt hc.
X: paleobotany.
paleoplain [10722] : ng bng c.
Chuyn t ch ng bng b bin ci v b
chn vi di cc trm tch tr hn.
paleopole [10723] : cc c ca Tri t.
Cc a t hoc a l ca Tri t vo nhng
thi gian a cht trc y.
paleosalinity [10724] : mui c.
mui ca mt th nc trong qu kh a
cht c nh gi trn c s phn tch a ha
trm tch hay thnh to nc.
paleosere [10725] : c tin ha.
Mt trnh t ca cc qun th sinh thi trong
qu kh a cht dn n mt qun th cao nh
(climax community).
paleoslope [10726] : sn c.
Hng nghing nguyn thy ca b mt a
hnh c (bi bi, sn lc a,...).
paleosome [10727] : paleosom.
hoc qung c hn cc lin k
(neosom), v d nh vy quanh mch, phn
khng b bin i cnh mch migmatit.
paleostructure [10728] : c cu to.
Cu to a cht ca mt vng hoc mt tp
vo thi k a cht qu kh; cu trc c a
cht ca mt vng.
paleostructure map [10729] : bn c
cu to.
Bn v cc ng ng dy, cu trc a
cht vo lc hnh thnh mt khng chnh hp,
446
trc khi thnh to lp ph.
paleotectonic map [10730] : bn c
kin to.
Bn trnh by nhng c im a cht,
kin to vo mt khong thi gian no trong
qu kh a cht, m khng v tt c cc yu t
kin to ca mt vng nh bn kin to. Bn
c kin to cng tng t nh bn c a
l nhng nhn mnh cc c im kin to hn
cc c im phn b ca bin v lc a.
paleotemperature [10731] : c nhit .
Nhit trung bnh mt thi gian hoc a
im nht nh trong lch s a cht, nht l
nhit c kh hu ca bin.
paleothermometry [10732]: php o c nhit.
S tnh ton hoc c lng c nhit , nht
l s xc nh nhit vng bin nng trong
qu kh a cht da trn s o bng khi ph
k tnh phong ph tng i ca ng v oxy
cha trong carbonat ca mnh v ha thch bin
(v d ca Tay cun, Hai mnh, v.v).
paleotopographic map [10733] : bn c
a hnh.
Bn th hin a hnh ca mt b mt
khng chnh hp, hoc mt a hnh tng tn
ti trong qu kh a cht.
paleotopography [10734] : c a hnh hc.
a hnh ca mt khu vc mt khong thi
gian c bit trong qu kh a cht, a hnh
ca mt khu vc c a l, v d nh hnh dng
ca b mt bt chnh hp thi gian m n
b ph.
paleotypal [10735] : paleotyp, kiu c.
Cc magma ht mn, kin trc porphyr c
c im ca cc phun tro hoc xm nhp
nng tui trc tam. Cc tng t tui
tam gi l kainotip (cenotypal).
paleovolcanic [10736] : c ni la.
Cc phun tro c tui trc tam, ni
la trc tam.
paleovolcanology [10737] : c ni la hc.
Mn hc nghin cu v qu trnh v sn
phm ca hot ng ni la trong qu kh
a cht.
paleowind [10738] : gi c.
Hot ng ca gi trong qu kh a cht,
hng ca n c nhn bit qua s phn b ca
tro ni la ri, cc kiu mc ca rn san h,
hng ca n ct, v.v.
Paleozoic (Palaeozoic) [10739] : Paleozoi.
Mt i ca a thi, t cui Tin Cambri
n bt u Mesozoi, hay t khong 570 n
225 triu nm trc. Phn v thi a tng tng
ng l gii Paleozoi do Sedgwich (1838) xc
lp. Gm cc h Cambri, Ordovic, Silur, Devon,
Carbon v Permi. T c: Primary.
paleozoogeography [10740] : c a l
ng vt.
Mt ngnh ca c sinh a l c lin quan
n s phn b ca ng vt trong thi gian a
cht qua. n: paleophytogeography.
paleozoology [10741] : c ng vt hc.
Ngnh c sinh vt hc lin quan n vic
nghin cu nhng ng vt ho thch v ha
thch, k c c xng sng v khng
xng sng.
palermoite [10742] : palermoit.
Khong vt: (Li, Na)2(Sr, Ca)Al4(PO4)4(OH)4.
palevent [10743] : bin c c a l.
Bin c c a l kh bt ng xy ra trong
mt thi gian ngn, v d nh s tn ti ngn
ca mt mi trng trm tch c bit, s thay
i a l nhanh chng phn chia hai thi k c
a l. n: paleogeographic event.
pali [10744] : sn dc, vch ng.
palichnology [10745] : c du vt hc.
Khoa hc nghin cu cc ha thch du vt,
nht l cc vt b, du chn do sinh vt c li
trn mt lp trm tch. n: paleoichnology.
palimpsest [10746] : a cht bin.
Cc trm tch tn d ca thm lc a b ti
tc ng bi cc qu trnh vt l hoc sinh hc.
palimpsest surface [10747] : hnh thi thm
lc a.
Hnh thnh do s li v bin i ca b mt
b (nhng khng b mt hn i) bi cc qu
trnh sau ny.
palinspastic map [10748] : bn ti to.
Bn c a l hay c kin to, trong
nhng nt c trng c khi phc li c gng
gn vi v tr a l nguyn thy trc khi
lp v co rt li do un np hoc chng ln nhau
do hot ng ca t gy chm nghch.
palintrope [10749] : din cong.
Thut ng gn y c dng ch phn b
mt cong ca v Tay cun, gii hn bi cc g
nh v ng bn l cc v c ra sau khng
song song vi trc bn l.
palladium [10750] : paladi (Pd).
Nguyn t ha hc s 46, nguyn t lng
106,421; t trng 12,02 g/cm3, thuc nhm kim
loi qu nng, PGE; c 6 ng v bn v 28
khng bn. Hm lng Pd trong cc (ppm):
siu mafic 0,002; gabro-basalt 0,0006; granit
granodiorit 0,0002, phin 0,0005; trong t
0,0004. Cc khong vt tiu biu l
arsenopaladinit (Pd3As), stibiopaladinit (Pd3Sb),
michenirit (PdBi2), froodit (PdBi2), braggit
(Pt,Pd,Ni)S, cooperit(Pd,Pt)S, merenokyit
447
(Pt,Pd)(Te,Bi)2. Phng php phn tch: ICP-
MS. Dng Pd trong cc lnh vc xc tc, kim
hon, nha khoa.
palladium amalgam [10751]:hn hng paladi.
Khong vt ba phng mu trng bc PdHg.
n: potarite.
palladium gold [10752] : vng paladi.
Hp kim t nhin ca paladi (5-10%) v
vng, cn gi l porpezit.
palladoarsenide [10753] : paladoarsenid.
Khong vt n nghing Pd2As.
palladobismutharsenide [10754] : palado-
bismutharsenid.
Khong vt h thoi: Pd2((As, Bi).
palladseite [10755] : paladseit.
Khong vt Pd17Se15.
pallasite [10756] : palasit.
1- siu mafic ngun gc thin thch
(cha khong 60% st) hoc Tri t (st nhiu
hn silic).
2- Thin thch st- cha cc tinh th olivin
ln, trong nn st-nikel. Gi thit chng hnh
thnh ti ni tip xc ca hai lp v kim loi v
ca thin th phn lp.
pallial line [10757] : ng o.
Mt ng hay di hp trn b mt trong ca
v Thn mm hai mnh hay Thn mm v chy
(Rostroconchia), nm gn v t nhiu song song
vi mp v, nh du ng bm ca cc c ra
ca lp o.
pallial sinus [10758] : vnh o.
Ch un lm vo d nhn thy on sau
gn bng ca ng o Thn mm hai mnh,
nh du ch gn vo v ca cc c rt siphon.
palmate [10759] : x chn vt.
C thy ta ra t mt tm chung kiu
bn tay.
palmate venation [10760] : h gn bn tay.
Kiu h gn l cy, trong gn chnh ta
ra t u cung l nh cc ngn bn tay.
palmierite [10761] : palmierit.
Khong vt h su phng, mu trng:
(K,Na)2Pb(SO4)2 , ng cu trc vi kalistrontit.
paludification [10762]: s thnh to than bn.
n: peat formation.
palus [10763] : phin tr, tm tr.
Cc phin, tm hay ct, thanh bng cht vi
pht trin thng ng theo ra trong ca mt s
vch trong xoang san h, v gm phn st li
ca mt i vch ngoi xoang ni li bng mp
trong ca chng.
palustrine [10764] : m ly (tt).
Ni v vt cht ln ln hay trm ng trong
m ly hoc mi trng ging m ly.
palygorskite [10765] : palygorskit.
Khong vt st cu to dng chui:
(Mg, Al)2Si4O10(OH).4H2O. Thut ng c s
dng cho tn nhm khong vt st dng si,
nh, c lng ln magnesi thay th alumin v
c trng c dng que ring bit, (nhn di
knh hin vi in t). n: attapulgite.
palyniferous [10766] : cha bo t phn hoa.
Mt thut ng trong bo t phn hoa hc
ch cc hoc trm tch m t c th ly ra
phn hoa, bo t hoc cc dng bo t phn hoa
bng phng php ngm mn.
palynofacies [10767] : tng bo t phn.
Chuyn t dng trong c bo t phn hoa hc
ch mt tp hp dng bo t phn trong mt
thnh to trm tch, i din cho iu kin mi
trng a phng nhng khng in hnh cho
h thc vt bo t phn khu vc.
palynology [10768] : bo t phn hoa hc.
Mn khoa hc nghin cu phn hoa ca cy
c ht v bo t ca cc cy c phi khc dng
ho thch hay ang sng, bao gm c s phn
b ca chng, p dng trong a tng hc v c
sinh thi.
palynomorph [10769] : dng bo t phn hoa.
Cc th hu c c kch thc hin vi v l
cht hu c bn vng c trong cc trm tch,
c kh nng tch ra bng phng php ngm
mn. Dng bo t phn hoa bao gm phn hoa,
bo t, To n ngun (Acritarcha), ng vt v
chitin (Chitinozoa), Trng roi kinh khng
(Dinoflagellata), mt s To qun th, v.v.
palynostratigraphy [10770] : a tng bo t
phn hoa.
Lnh vc a tng da trn phng php
nghin cu bo t phn hoa; s ng dng
phng php bo t phn cho a tng hc.
pan [10771] : bn a, trng, tng cng.
1- Trng hoc bn a t nhin, nng.
2- Ming ni la c.
3- Mt lp, v cng dng xi mng hoc mt
ngn bn trong hay gn b mt t, cng, chc
hay c hm lng st cao v thng cn tr s
vn ng ca nc, khng kh hay s pht trin
ca r cy.
pan lake [10772] : h trng.
H trng st t nhin, nng.
panasqueisaite [10773] : panasqueisait.
Khong vt tng t irokit:
CaMgPO4(OH,F).
panautomorphic [10774] : kin trc t hnh
hon ton.
panautomorphic granular [10775] : kin trc
ht ton t hnh.
pancake bomb [10776] : bom ng bnh.
448
 Kiu bom ni la m b mt mi nhn ca n
l do va chm.
P and S-wave arrivals [10777] : o thi gian
ti ca sng P v sng S.
Tn hiu pht i gm hai thnh phn chnh l
sng P (sng dc hay sng nn p) giao ng
dc theo phng truyn sng, v sng S (sng
ngang hoc sng ct) giao ng vung gc vi
phng truyn sng. Sng P lan truyn nhanh
hn sng S, ti thit b thu trc v c s
dng ch yu nh mt ch s v cht lng .
Sng P lan truyn c c trong mi trng rn
v lng, cng nhanh khi bo ha nc cng
cao, trong khi sng S ch lan truyn c trong
mi trng rn. Do vn tc ca sng S gn
nh nhau trong c hai mi trng kh v bo
ha. Sng S rt hu ch trong mt s ng dng
c bit v c th o bng cch loi b sng P
bng cc thit b c bit ch pht ra sng S,
hoc nhn bit mt cch cn thn thi im ti
ca n trn ton b ph sng ghi nhn c.
pandaite [10778] : pandait.
Khong vt nhm pyroclor:
(Ba, Sr)2(Nb, Ti)2(O, OH)7.
panethite [10779] : panethit.
Khong vt thin thch:
(Na, Ca, K)2.(Mg, Fe, Mn)2(PO4)2.
panfan [10780] : trng hnh qut.
B mt trm tch thoi cha lot trm tch
hn hp v th hin l st cui ca chu trnh xi
mn kh. Thut ng ng ngha l pediplain,
c dng nhiu hn bi c im khng thay
i ca qut aluvi, mc d qut aluvi l giai
on cui ca qu trnh pht trin a mo
vng hoang mc.
Pangea [10781] : ton lc a, Pangea, lc a
nguyn thy.
Siu lc a hoc ton lc a tn ti trn
Tri t t khong 300 n 200 triu nm v
trc, gm phm vi c cu trc v lc a ca
Tri t, sau b phn ct, dch chuyn tr
thnh cc lc a hin ti. Thuyt tri lc a
cho rng lc u, Tri t ch c mt lc a,
gi l siu lc a (Pangea), bao quanh chng l
mt bin c (siu bin c) cn gi l pantalat
(panthalassa). Trong qu trnh pht trin, Pangea
lc u b phn thnh hai khi, khi pha bc
gi l Lauraxia (Laurasia) v khi pha nam gi
l Gonvana (Gondwana).
Pang-Yang depression [10782] : trng st
Pang-Yang.
Bn trng xi mn rng c y bng, sn
dc pht trin trn ng bng hoc cao
nguyn .
panhole [10783] : trng ha tan.
n: solution pan.
Pannonian [10784] : Pannon.
Bc ng u. Miocen thng (nm trn
Sarmat, nm di Pont).
panplain [10785] : ng bng chnh, ng
bng lng cho.
1- Thut ng ch mt ng bng rt rng
ln c thnh to do mt vi ng bng k cn
hp li, mi ng bng l kt qu xm thc
ven ra lu di bi cc dng sui ngon ngoo;
n th hin giai on cui cng ca chu k xm
thc. n: panplane.
2- Mt ng bng rt bng phng vi hng
nghing chy v pha bin.
panplanation [10786] : panplan ha.
S tc ng hay qu trnh thnh to v pht
trin ca mt panplain.
panplane [10787] : ng bng lng cho.
n: panplain.
panthalassa [10788] : ton bin, bin bao
quanh Pangea, panthalas.
Bin c duy nht ca Tri t bao quanh
Pangea. X: Pangea.
paolovite [10789] : paolovit.
Khong vt h thoi: Pd2Sn.
papa [10790] : papa.
St, bn, bt kt hoc ct kt nh mu
pht xanh tm thy Bc Jolano, New Zealand
dng lm trng l si. T gc: polynesian.
papagoite [10791] : papagoit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu xanh:
CaCuAlSi2O6(OH)3.
paper clay [10792] : st giy.
Loi st kaolin ht mn, mu trng, c hm
lng silic t do rt thp, c s dng trong
cng nghip sn xut giy.
paper shale [10793] : bt giy.
phin st khi phong ha d tch thnh
nhng lp mng hoc tm mng ging nh t
giy, thng c nhiu than.
para [10794] : para.
1-Tip u ng s dng cho cc bin cht
hnh thnh t cc trm tch; .
2-Tip u ng s dng cho cc trm tch
vn giu xi mng; .
3- Tip u ng cho tn khong vt gn
ging nhau (nh paramica, paravolastonit).
para-alumohydrocalcite [10795] : para-
alumohydrocalcit.
Khong vt: CaAl2(CO3)2(OH)4.6H2O.
para-autunite [10796] : para-autunit.
Hp cht nhn to: Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2, c
trng cho sn phm kh nc ca autumit.
parabituminous [10797] : than bitum
449
 giu carbon.
Than bitum cha 84-87% carbon, phn tch
da theo tro t do, kh. Khng nh ASTM l
cp phn loi.
parabolic dune [10798]: n ct hnh parabol.
n ct di dng xng, li theo hng xui
gi. N thng c lp thc vt ph tha tht,
thng thy dc b bin c gi thi mnh mang
theo nhiu ct.
parabutlerite [10799] : parabutlerit.
Khong vt h thoi mu vng cam:
FeSO4(OH).2H2O.
paracelsian [10800] : paracelsian.
Khong vt h thoi, mu vng nht:
BaAl2 Si2O3, ng hnh vi celsian.
parachronology [10801] : nin i hc.
1- Vic nh tui v i snh c tnh thc
tin ca cc phn v a tng.
2- a thi xc lp trn c s ha thch b
sung, hay thay th cho ha thch c ngha sinh
a tng.
parachrysotile [10802] : parachrysotil.
Khong vt nhm serpentin: Mg3Si2O5(OH)4,
ng hnh vi chrysotil, khc bit vi
clinochrysotil, orthochrysotil v lizardit.
paraclinal [10803] : dng chy hoc thung
lng c hng trng vi hng ca np un
trong vng.
paraconformable [10804] : gi chnh hp,
chnh hp.
Khng tht hoc khng hon ton chnh hp.
paraconformity [10805] : chnh hp.
Bt chnh hp khng r rng, khng xc nh
c b mt xm thc, cc lp bn trn v bn
di gin on song song vi nhau.
n: nondepositional unconformity.
paraconglomerate [10806] : cui kt.
Thut ng ch loi cui kt khng phi t sn
phm ca dng nc bnh thng mang li m
c lng ng bng phng thc vn chuyn
khi trt nh cc khi turbidit v bng h di
nc. N c trng bi cc thnh phn mnh
cui thng khng tip xc vi nhau, thng
phn tng v ng ch l hm lng thnh
phn nn ln hn thnh phn cc mnh cui
(hm lng cc mnh cui c th t hn 10%
thnh phn ).
paracontinuity [10807] : lin tc.
Gi chnh hp mc nh, cng thng l
gin on ho thch mc nh.
paracoquimbite [10808] : paracoquimbit.
Khong vt h thoi, mu tm nht:
Fe2(SO4)3.9H2O, lng hnh vi coquimit.
paracostibite [10809] : paracostibit.
Khong vt: CoSbS, lng hnh vi costibit.
paracycle of relative change of sea level
[10810] : chu k bin i tng i ca
mc bin.
Khong thi gian dng cao tng i hoc
ng yn ton cu ca mc nc bin. Tip sau
l s dng cao tng i khc, khng c s h
thp tng i xen k.
paradamite [10811] : paradamit.
Khong vt h ba nghing: Zn2(AsO4)(OH),
ng hnh vi tarbutit v lng hnh vi adamit.
paradelta [10812] : phn pha t lin cao hn
hoc phn b h thp ca chn tam gic.
paradiagenetic [10813] : paradiagenetic.
Ch r c mi lin quan cht ch vi qu
trnh to trm tch, hoc bin dng trc khi
kt tinh lin quan ti qu trnh spar ha.
paradocrasite [10814] : paradocrasit.
Khong vt: Sb2(Sb,As)2.
para-ecology [10815] : m hc.
Nghin cu iu kin hnh thnh ha thch
ca sinh vt. n: taphonomy.
paraffin coal [10816] : than parafin.
Mt loi than bitum sng mu t ch ra
c du v parafin.
paraffin hydrocarbon [10817] : hydrocarbon
parafin.
Bt k mt hydrocarbon no thuc dy
methan.
paraffinic [10818] : parafin.
Thuc v hoc c lin quan ti hydrocarbon
parafin hoc sp parafin.
paragenesis [10819] : s cng sinh.
Tp hp khong vt c trng mt m
khong ch ra s thnh to ng thi ca chng.
paragenetic [10820] : cng sinh.
1- Thuc v cng sinh.
2- Thuc loi c quan h ngun gc ca cc
trm tch nm trong cc tng lin tc ven ra v
cc tng tng ng.
paragenetic sequence [10821]: dy cng sinh.
Dy th t lng ng khong vt nh cc pha
hoc cc tp hp c th trong m qung.
n: mineral sequence.
parageosyncline [10822] : chun a mng.
Min trng trong lc a, trong nn hoc
vng n nh, lp y bi nhng trm tch vn
lc a, khng c nhng du hiu c trng cho
min a mng in hnh.
paraglacial [10823] : ra bng.
n: perigracial.
paragonite [10824] : paragonit.
Khong vt mu vng nht, hoc xanh nht
thuc nhm mica, cha Na tng t muscovit,
Na thay v tr ca K trong lp gia. Paragonit
450
thng tn ti trong phin. n: soda mica.
paraguanajuatite [10825] : paraguanajuatit.
Khong vt h thoi: Bi2(Se, S)3.
parahilgardite [10826] : parahilgardit.
Khong vt h ba nghing: Ca2B5O8Cl(OH)2,
lng hnh vi hilgardit.
parahopeite [10827] : parahopeit.
Khong vt h ba nghing khng mu:
Zn3(PO4)2.4H2O, lng hnh vi hopeit.
parajamesonite [10828] : parajamesonit.
Khong vt: Pb4FeSb6S14, lng hnh vi
jamesonit.
parakeldyshite [10829] : parakeldyshit.
Khong vt h ba nghing: Na2ZnSi2O7,
lng hnh vi keldyshit.
paralaurionite [10830] : paralaurionit.
Khong vt mu trng: Pb(OH)Cl, lng
hnh vi laurionit.
paraliageosyncline [10831] : a mng cnh
lc a, a mng ven bin.
Min trng hp v di pht trin dc theo ra
lc a trong iu kin mi trng bin ra c
trm tch rt dy.
paralic [10832] : paralic.
1- Cc m than c thnh to dc ven bin,
tng phn vi cc m than m h (limnic).
2- Do bin nhng khng phi ngun gc
bin. Cc trm tch lc a a xung t t lin
n b bin hoc vng nc nng c s xm ln
ca bin, thuc cc mi trng (nh vng vnh
hoc ven b) ca b bin. Cng ni v cc bn,
min nn, m ly, m ph v cc c im
khc c nh du bi trm tch lc nguyn
dy hp to vi cc trm tch ca sng v trm
tch lc a nh cc chu th c thnh to trn
cc thm lc a bi tch chu th. T ch Hy
Lp: paralia (b bin).
paralic swamp [10833] : m ph bin.
X: marine swamp.
parallel [10834] : v tuyn.
Vng trn tng tng trn b mt Tri t
nm song song vi xch o v song song vi
nhau, ni lin tt c cc im c v bng
nhau; ni cch khc l ng theo phng
ng-ty c v khng i.
n: parallel of latitude.
parallel bedding [10835] : phn lp chnh
hp, phn lp song song.
Cc mt phn lp song song vi nhau.
parallel cleavage [10836] : th ch song song;
ct khai song song.
1- Th ch pht trin thnh nhng mt song
song vi nhau.
2- Thut ng c ch ct khai mt phn lp.
parallel-displacement fault [10837] : t gy
dch chuyn song song.
Danh t t c dng ch t gy c cc
cnh dch chuyn song song vi nhau.
parallel drainage pattern [10838] : cu trc
h thng sng song song.
Trong cu trc h thng sng, cc dng
chnh v ph cch nhau kh xa v chy song
song hoc gn song song vi nhau trn mt
vng rng ln. N ch th vng c dc ng
u, thnh phn thch hc v cu trc
ng nht.
parallelepiped [10839] : tinh th hnh hp.
Dng tinh th rt hon ho, gii hn bi ba
cp hnh bnh hnh.
parallel evolution [10840] : s tin ha song
song.
S pht trin ca nhng dng sinh vt ging
nhau do lin quan nhng khc nhau v dng th
h pht sinh huyt thng.
parallel fold [10841] : np un song song.
Np un c b dy thc ca cc lp khng
i, lp un ng tm.
parallel intergrowth [10842] : mc xen song
song.
S mc xen ca hai hay nhiu mt tinh th,
trong mt hoc nhiu trc trong mi tinh th
l song song. n: parallel growth.
parallelism [10843] : s pht trin song song.
Hin tng c nhng c trng ging nhau
hai (hay nhiu hn) sinh vt thuc cc dng th
h khc nhau, thng do nhng iu kin mi
trng ging nhau gy ra.
parallel of latitude [10844] : v tuyn hoc
ng v tuyn.
parallel retreat of slope [10845] : st ln
song song ca sn.
1- S st ln ca mt hoc sn i hoc
sn ni (gc sn ch xc lp mt ln) m v
dc khng thay i, sn bt k thi gian
qua no cng tho lui song song vi v tr
trc y ca n.
2- Quan nim hoc nguyn l v s tho lui
ca sn.
parallel ripple mark [10846] : vt gn sng
song song.
Loi vt gn sng c ngn sng tng i
thng v tit din bt i xng. c bit l vt
gn sng dng chy.
parallel roads [10847] : cc ng song song,
cc mc song song.
Lot cc bi bin nm ngang hoc cc thm
ct sng nm song song cc mc khc nhau
trn sn ca thung lng bng h nh cc lot
Glai Roy (Scotland).
451
 parallel texture [10848] : kin trc tm song
song.
Chuyn t dng bao hm cu trc tm
mng v cu trc lng tr.
parallel twin [10849] : song tinh song song.
Trc song tinh song song vi mt tip hp.
parallel unconformity [10850] : khng chnh
hp song song.
Khng chnh hp trong th nm ca cc
trn v di mt khng chnh hp song song
vi nhau. X: disconformity.
paramagnetic [10851] : tnh thun t.
Ch tnh cht chu tc ng t ca t. Mt
khong vt thun t (paramagnetic) nh olivin,
pyroxen hoc biotit cha st t do vy c xu
hng sp xp c trt t trong trng t, nhng
t bn thn chng khng c t tnh.
paramagnetic ore [10852] : qung thun t.
paramagnetism [10853] : thun t.
X: paramagnetic.
paramelaconite [10854] : paramelaconit.
Tinh th h bn phng, mu en:
(Cu1-2x+2, Cu2x+1)O1-x.
parameter [10855] : thng s.
Ch s, thng s m t c trng ca t .
paramontroseite [10856] : paramontroseit.
Khong vt h thoi: VO2.
paranatrolite [10857] : paranatrolit.
Khong vt thuc h zeolit:
Na2Al2Si3O10.3H2O, dng tetranatrolit b
kh nc.
parapierrotite [10858] : parapierotit.
Khong vt h n nghing: Te (Sb, As)5S8.
pararammelsbergite [10859] : pararamel-
sbergit.
Khong vt: NiAs2, lng hnh vi
ramelsbergit.
pararealgar [10860] : pararealgar.
Khong vt: AsS, ng hnh vi realgar.
para-ripple [10861]:ln sng i xng thoi.
Chuyn t do Bucher nu ra (1919) ch
gn sng i xng rng hoc gn i xng c gn ng thi, khc vi cc phn v thi a tng
sn b mt thoi v "chng t khng phn loi
cc ht". Tng ng: meta ripple.
paraschachnerite [10862] : paraschachnerit.
Khong vt h thoi: Ag3Hg2.
paraschoepite [10863] : paraschoepit.
Khong vt: UO32H2O(?), quan h cht ch
vi shoepit.
parasitic fold [10864] : np un th cp.
Np un pht trin trn cnh ca np un ln
hn v ph hp vi n.
parasitic volcano [10865] : ni la k sinh.
Nn ni la, ming ni la trn sn ca mt
nn ni la chnh.
parastratigraphic unit [10866] : phn v a
tng thc hnh, phn v cn a tng.
n: operational unit.
parastratigraphy [10867] : a tng thc
hnh, cn a tng, a tng.
a tng da trn c s cc ha thch khng
phi l loi chnh yu s dng trong a tng
thc th (orthostratigraphy).
parastratotype [10868] : chun a tng (mt
ct chun) b sung, parastratotyp.
Bao gm tt c cc mt ct v ranh gii a
tng ca phn v m tc gi m t cng vi
chun a tng nguyn thu (holostratotyp),
nhm b sung cc c im cho phn v.
parasymplesite [10869] : parasymplesit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
Fe3(AsO4).8H2O.
paratacamite [10870] : paratacamit.
Khong vt h thoi: Cu2(OH)3Cl, ng hnh
vi atacamit v botalackit.
parataxitic [10871] : parataxit.
Cu to phn di r rng trong magma.
paratectonic [10872] : ng kin to.
Hin tng kin to lin quan vi qu trnh
to ni c trng bi cc th ch dc trong cc
bin cht mc thp.
paratectonics [10873] : kin to kiu c.
in hnh bi un np khi tng lin quan
vi kin sinh ph hy, t gy v hnh thnh cc
a ho.
paratellurite [10874] : paratelurit.
Khong vt h bn phng: TeO2, lng hnh
vi telumit.
paratheca [10875] : vch ph.
Vch san h su tia n th do cc dy
m bt xp st nhau to nn.
para-time-rock unit [10876] : phn v cn
thch thi.
Phn v thi a tng thc hnh, c c trng
thch a tng, sinh a tng l nhng phn v
hon ton ng thi.
paratype [10877] : paratyp, bn ph chun.
Cc mu c a ra ng thi vi holotyp
da vo ngi ta a ra m t u tin ca
mt loi hay phn loi.
paraumbite [10878] : paraumbit.
Khong vt: K3Zr2H(Si3, O4)2.nH2O, tinh th
ging umbit.
paravauxite [10879] : paravauxit.
Khong vt khng mu: Fe+2Al2(PO4)2(OH)2.
10H2O,cha nhiu nc hn vauxit v
metavauxit.
452
 parawollastonite [10880] : parawolastonit.
Khong vt h n nghing: CaSiO3, lng
hnh vi wolastonit.
parchettite [10881] : parchetit.
Trachiandesit lxit, c thnh phn gn ging
tephrit lxit, nhng cha leucit nhiu hn
feldspar, plagioclas nhiu hn feldspar kim.
parenchymula [10882] : u trng dng trng
bi t do.
u trng dng trng bi t do ca ng vt
Rut khoang.
parent rock [10883] : m.
gc, vt liu gc, v vt liu ban u.
pargasite [10884] : pargasit.
1- Khong vt h n nghing nhm
amphibol: NaCa2Mg4Al3Si6O22(OH)2.
2- Loi hornblend mu xanh l cy hoc
xanh nc bin cha sodi.
parietal lip [10885] : mi vng vch.
Phn ca mi trong v Chn bng nm trn
vng vch.
parietal region [10886] : vng nn (v), vng
nh.
(cs) B mt nn ca v Chn bng, bn trong
v ngay pha ngoi ca l ming; ng vt
Ming hm l nc ca s pha sau hc mt.
parisite [10887] : parisit.
Khong vt th sinh mu nu nht-vng:
(Ce, La)2Ca(CO3)3F2, quan h vi synchysit.
parivincular [10888] : dy chng chn.
Kiu dy chng ko di theo chiu dc v
Thn mm hai mnh nm pha sau nh v
bm dc theo b lng ca hai mnh.
parkerite [10889] : parkerit.
Khong vt mu vng ng sng:
Ni3(Bi, Pb)2S2.
paroxyms [10890] : pha kch pht.
Hot ng bt thn v d di ca cc lc vt
l xy ra trong thin nhin, v d mt t phun
n ca ni la, mt pha co git d di ca ng
t, thng dn n ph hy nghim trng.
paroxysmal eruption [10891] : phun tro
paroxysm.
Kiu phun tro ca ni la Katmai (Italia),
Pele', Plini, Vulcani.
parricidal budding [10892] : ny chi dit
th m.
S hnh thnh mt polyp San h su tia t
mt trong mt on hnh nm tch ra theo chiu
dc ca th m.
parsettennite [10893] : parsetenit.
Khong vt mu ng:
Mn5Si6O13 (OH)8(?), thng cha alumi v kali.
parsonite [10894] : parsonit.
Khong vt mu vng nht n nu nht:
Pb2(UO2)(PO4)2.2H2O.
partheite [10895] : partheit.
Khong vt: CaAl2Si2O8.2H2O.
partial extraction [10896] : khai thc mt
phn.
S khai thc, thu hi qung mt phn, tng
phn, thu khng ht.
partially penetrating well [10897] : ging
khng hon chnh.
Ging khoan (o) cha n y tng cha
nc; chiu di on thu nc nh hn b dy
tng cha nc. Cng c th ging khoan n
y tng cha nc nhng ch mc ng lc trn
tng on m tng chiu di cc on thu nc
nh hn b dy tng cha nc.
partial pediment [10898] : pediment b phn.
Bi bng phng hoc thm rng c cui
ph. B mt xi mn bng phng c hnh
thnh do s lin kt cc b mt cng tui
bng phng, pht trin trn cng mt cao
trong cc thung lng gn k nhau, ni m
pediment c th c to ra nu s san bng
khng b gin on.
partial peneplain [10899] : bn bnh nguyn
b phn.
B mt san bng gia mt b thm (hoc
mt thm thung lng rng) v mt bn bnh
nguyn; Khi xuyn ct t nhin c nh cao,
ch trng hoc nhng v tr thp trong dy ni,
ch h trn sng dc gia hai nh thng tip
cn vi thung lng dc. n: passage.
particle [10900] : ht t, ht .
n: grain.
particle forces [10901] : lc lin kt gia cc
ht.
particle size [10902] : ht.
particle size analysis [10903] : phn tch
ht.
Phng php xc nh t l cc c ht khc
nhau trong mt hn hp t hoc ct liu, kt
qu c th hin trn th na loga, trc tung
biu th (%) tch ly, trc honh biu th kch
thc ht (mm), c gi l ng cong cp ht.
i vi nhng ht c kch thc ln hn 70%
(trn ry #200, theo tiu chun Hoa K) th
dng b ry, cn i vi cc c ht nh hn
70% (lt ry #200) ngi ta phi dng phng
php thy lc. Phng php ny da trn
nguyn l Strokes.
particle size distribution curve [10904] :
ng cong biu din thnh phn ht t.
particle velocity [10905] : vn tc ht.
Vn tc m mt ht ca mt cht vn ng
453
di nh hng ca chuyn ng sng.
parting [10906] : tch ra, lp kp phn chia,
phn chia, khe nt.
1- (kv) S tch ra ca mt khong vt dc
theo nhng mt lin kt yu, gy ra bi bin
dng, mc song tinh, v.v.
2- (sk) Di hay lp kp tp cht nm gia cc
mch hay lp qung.
3- (t) Lp trm tch rt mng to nn mt b
mt phn chia gia mt lp trm tch dy khc
thnh phn, v d lp kp mng phin st
trong ct kt.
4- (kt) Khe nt, c th l mt b mt theo ,
mt loi d dng b tch ra hoc phn chia
mt cch t nhin thnh lp mng.
partition [10907] : vch phn .
Vch phn tch mt chi bn vi san h
m trong qu trnh tng ln San h. y l
mt cu trc c thng xuyn mt s loi,
nhng li ch nht thi mt s loi khc.
partzite [10908] : partzit.
Khong vt: Cu2Sb2(O,OH)7(?).
parwelite [10909] : parwelit.
Khong vt: (Mn,Mg)5.SbSiAsO12.
Pascal (Pa) [10910] : Pascal.
n v o p sut trong h SI c gi tr bng
1N trn 1 mt vung. n v ny mang tn nh
bc hc ngi Php th k 17.
pascoite [10911] : pascoit.
Khong vt mu vng cam:
Ca3V10O28.17H2O.
pass [10912] : lt sng, lt ry, i qua.
Cc ht lt qua sng trong th nghim phn
tch thnh phn ht t.
passage [10913] : pass; ch h gia hai vm
ca hang.
n: corridor; crawlway; squezeway.
passage bed [10914] : lp chuyn tip.
Lp c tnh cht cht thch hc hay c sinh
trung gian gia lp nm di v lp nm
trn hoc gia cc lp ca hai h a cht.
passing [10915] : vn chuyn ca trm tch.
passive earth pressure [10916] : p lc t b
ng.
X: active earth pressure.
passive fold [10917] : un np th ng.
Mt kiu un np trong cc b un np
mt cch th ng thun ty khi un np.
passive margin [10918] : ra th ng.
Ra lc a c c trng bi trm tch dy,
nc nng v nm ngang vi hot ng kin to
hn ch lin quan vi s vn ng phn ly
ca mng.
passive support [10919] : tr lc th ng,
b ng.
X: active support.
Pasteurization [10920] : Pasteu ha.
S dit khun trong nc theo phng php
Pasteu bng cch nng cao nhit ca nc
trong mt khong thi gian thch hp nhm c
ch hot ng ca vi sinh vt, c bit l vi sinh
vt gy bnh, hoc lm gim s lng ca chng
xung n gii hn quy nh hoc ti mc
khng cn c nguy c gy bnh.
pastplain [10921] : ng bng b nng cao v
chia ct.
pat [10922] : pat.
ng bng kh c thnh to bi cc trm
tch st lng mu nht do s bc hi nc h;
Cao nguyn nh c sn dc.
patch reef [10923] : rn hu c dng i.
paternoite [10924] : paternoit.
n: kaliborite.
paternoster lake [10925] : h dng thang
bng truyn.
Chui cc h nh, y l gc nm
nhng cao khc nhau trong thung lng bng
h. n: rock basin; step lake; beaded lake.
path of percolation [10926] : qu o thm.
Qu o dch chuyn ca ng thm nc,
qung ng thot nc, khong cch thot
nc. n: seepage path.
pathogen [10927] : sinh vt gy bnh.
Sinh vt c kh nng gy bnh cho ngi v
sinh vt (vi trng, vi khun, nm,...).
Patton equation [10928]: phng trnh Patton.
Phng trnh biu din sc bn ca khe nt.
Phng trnh gm 2 on tuyn tnh ng vi hai
khong ng sut php tuyn nh v ln.
paulingite [10929] : paulingit.
Khong vt zeolit ng thc aluminosilicat
kali, calci v sodi.
paulkerrite [10930] : paulkerit.
Khong vt:
KTi (Mg,Mn)2 (Fe+2,Al,Ti,Mg)2 (PO4)4(OH)3.
15H2O.
pavement [10931] : kt cu bn trn ca
nn ng.
Kt cu bn trn ca nn ng b,
ng bay.
pavement pumping [10932] : cng ngh bm
xy dng mt ng.
Cng ngh bm xy dng mt ng, mi
ni ca ng bay.
paving [10933] : lp mt ng.
pavonite [10934] : pavonit.
Khong vt: (Ag,Cu)(Bi,Pb)3S5.
paxite [10935] : paxit.
454
 Khong vt: Cu2As3, h thoi.
payable ore [10936] : qung c gi tr cng
nghip.
payable orebody [10937] : thn qung cng
nghip.
pay ore [10938] : qung c gi tr cng
nghip.
peachblossom ore [10939] : qung hoa o.
n: erythrite.
peacock copper [10940]:qung ng con cng.
n: peacock ore.
peacock ore [10941] : qung ng sc s.
n: peacock copper.
pea gravel [10942] : , cui.
pea iron ore [10943] : qung st ht u.
n: pea ore.
pea ore [10944] : qung ht u.
peak [10945] : mi t.
Phn nh cao ca lc a; nh t nhiu c
hnh dng ca i ni; im cao nht, ni bt:
ni hoc i n c.
peak discharge [10946] : lu lng nh
(cc i).
n: flood peak.
peaking of anomaly [10947] : tch, lm ni
d thng.
p dng nguyn tc 3xigma xc nh cc
d thng trong cc trng s liu a cht.
peak plain [10948] : ng bng nh.
ng bng c hnh thnh bi lot cc nh
cng cao, thng c coi l mt bn bnh
nguyn c nng cao v b ct thnh
tng mnh.
peak runoff [10949] : dng chy nh
(ln nht).
Tc cc di ca dng chy mt thi
im nht nh hoc mt vng nht nh.
peak strength [10950] : sc bn cc i.
n: strength, strength criteria.
peak value [10951]: gi tr nh ng cong.
Gi tr cao nht.
peak zone [10952] : i cc i.
n: acme zone.
pearceite [10953] : pearceit.
Khong vt mu en: Ag16As2S11, c th cha
ng. Ss: polibasite.
pearlite [10954] : pearlit.
n: perlite.
pearl luster [10955] : nh long lanh x c.
n: nacreous luster.
pearl mica [10956] : mica ht trai.
n: margarite (kv).
pearl opal [10957] : opal ht trai.
n: cacholong.
pearl spar [10958] : spar ht trai.
Khong vt carbonat kt tinh nh ankarit, c
nh long lanh.
pearlstone [10959] : ht trai, perlit.
n: perlite.
peat [10960] : than bn, t c nhiu hu c.
peat bog [10961] : m ly than bn.
pebble [10962] : cui si nh.
pecoraite [10963] : pecorait.
Khong vt nhm serpentin, cha Ni tng t
crysotil, Ni nm v tr ca Mg Trong hnh
tm mt.
pectinacean [10964] : thn mm hai mnh
(cs).
Thn mm hai mnh thuc mt lin h gm
cc i biu c v hnh trn, n c, gn u
bn, c tai dng cnh, v d ip.
pectolite [10965] : pectolit.
Khong vt h n nghing, mu trng nht,
hoc xm nht: NaCa2Si3O8(OH), dng khi, si,
dng song song, tn ti trong hc basalt v x
dung nham.
pedal muscle [10966] : c chn.
Mt hay nhiu i c ni chn ca Thn
mm vi mt trong ca v.
pedicle [10967] : cung bm.
Phn ph cu to bng c hay tht, c lp v
sng bao bc Tay cun thng th ra t mnh
bng gip con vt bm vo y.
pedicle callist [10968] : chai cung bm.
Ch dy ln ca lp v ph nh mnh
bng Tay cun th hin ng di chuyn v pha
trc ca ch ni gia biu m cung v biu
m ngoi.
pedicle collar [10969] : ai cung bm.
Ch dy ln mt phn hay ton b, hnh ai
trn mt trong nh mnh bng Tay cun.
pedicle epithelium [10970] : biu m
cung bm.
Biu m ngoi b dnh cho cung bm
Tay cun.
pedicle foramen [10971] : l cung.
L thng trn hay gn trn ca v, gip k
nh mnh bng Tay cun, dnh cho cung bm
th ra.
pedicle groove [10972] : rnh cung bm.
Rnh thng hnh gn tam gic phn i din
xen gi pha bng v to li i qua cho cung
bm nhiu Tay cun thuc h Lingulidae.
pedicle opening [10973] : l cung.
n: pedicle foramen.
pedicle sheath [10974] : bao cung bm.
ng th v pha sau t nh mnh bng Tay
455
cun, c l l bao ly cung bm trong giai
on cha pht trin ca mt s v c l cung
trn nh.
pedicle tube [10975] : ng cung bm.
ng hng vo trong ca lp v ph ca Tay
cun lin tc vi mp l cung v bao ly phn
gn tm ca cung bm.
pedicle valve [10976] : mnh bng.
Mnh ca v Tay cun c cung bm th ra,
thng ln hn mnh i din, gi l mnh lng
v mang rng hai mnh khp vo nhau.
pediment [10977] : pediment, ng bng
gc.
B mt gc nghing thoi, rng hoc ng
bng ca a hnh thp c pht trin bi cc
tc nhn ngoi sinh (bao gm c nc chy)
trong vng kh hoc bn kh, chn mt sn
trc ca ni hoc vch cao nguyn hoc b li
dn, l gc (i khi c ph bi trm tch
aluvi c). N c th tr tri nhng thng b ph
tng phn bi lp aluvi khng lin tc, mng
c cung cp t cc khi ni cao v c vn
chuyn qua b mt. Mt ct lin tc ca
pediment thng lm nh v pha trn, phn
hng ra ngoi c th ging vi ng bng l
tch chn ni (vn gi c nghing xung
pha di ca pediment). n: pediment
interstream flat; conoplain; rock pediment.
pedimentation [10978] : pediment ha.
Qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin ca
pediment. Hai qu trnh c ghi nhn l tch
cc nht trong s hnh thnh pediment l s san
bng sn ca dng chy c dc ln, xi
mn ngc v s di chuyn cc mnh vn
bi s ra tri ca cc dng sui nh v dng
khng tp trung. Qu trnh sau c chp nhn
rng ri hn.
pediment dome [10979] : vm pediment.
n: desert dome.
pediment gap [10980] : thung lng hp
pediment.
Ch m rng c hnh thnh do qu trnh
m rng ca o (pediment pass).
pediment pass [10981] : o, ng ni
pediment.
Li y bng , bng phng, hp, ko di
ngc t pediment, xuyn qua ni kt hp
vi pediment khc ti sn trc ca ni t sn
khc, cc pediment thng tn ti cc mc cao
khc nhau.
pediplain [10982] : bc thang trc ni.
B mt bng phng ra ni v ng bng
cao c hnh thnh c bn bi ra tri do sui
v sng. Bc thang trc ni l giai on tn ti
cui cng ca pediment v c to ra do cc
pediment trong cc khu vc kh. S san bng b
gin on do qu trnh xi mn hi sinh, do
li b chia ct v bin thnh dng tn d v tip
tc pht trin t c s bc mn ca mnh. Nh
vy, xut hin mt h thng bc thang trc ni.
pediplanation [10983] : pediplan ha.
Thut ng dng ch ton b qu trnh
hnh thnh pediplen. Qu trnh hnh thnh v
pht trin bc thang trc ni, pediplan ha c
tnh cht khu vc rng ln v c hnh thnh
bi s li song song sn.
pediplane [10984] : pediplan.
B mt bng phng xm thc trc ni c
thnh to chn ni trong vng kh hoc bn
kh, c hoc khng c lp ph aluvi mng.
pedostratigraphic unit [10985] : phn v a
tng th nhng.
Tp hp phong ha, b chn vi c th
theo di c, c th nm trng khp vi mt
hay nhiu tng t khc bit, pht trin trn mt
hay nhiu phn v thch a tng, a tng o v
bn , v.v. Phn v c bn trong phn loi a
tng th nhng l geosoil.
peduncle [10986] : cung, thn.
Mt phn hp c mt phn ln hn hoc
ton b thn ca mt ng vt gn vo, nh
cung bm Tay cun, thn ca Hu bin, v.v ;
phn bng tht dng cung c th mt s V
gip Cirripedia.
peel map [10987] : bn c a cht.
Bn b cc thnh to nm trn mt mt
khng chnh hp no , ch v v nh mu cc
thnh to nm di mt khng chnh hp .
pegmatite [10988] : pegmatit.
kt tinh ht c bit th ( 1cm) vi cc
tinh th an xen nhau, thng gp dng cc
dyke, thu knh, mch, ch yu phn ra ca
batolit, c thnh phn tng ng vi cc nhm
bit, nhng thng l granit. Thnh phn
khong vt ch yu l thch anh, plagioclas,
feldspar kali, c th bao gm cc khong vt
him cha Li, Bo, F, Nb, Ta, U, t him.
pegmatitic [10989] : pegmatit.
Kin trc ht c bit th ca magma;
thuc v hoc c thnh phn pegmatit.
pegmatitic deposit [10990] : m pegmatit.
M c ngun gc pegmatit, ch yu l thch
anh, feldspar, mica v kim loi kim,
qu, v.v.
pegmatitic stage [10991] : giai on pegmatit.
Giai on kt tinh ca magma cha nhiu
cht bc, to nn cc ht ln. Quan h gia
silicat vi cc cht bc, nhit thnh to, quan
456
h gia cc cht lng vi cht lng nhit dch
cn ang tranh ci.
pegmatitic vein [10992] : mch pegmatit.
pegmatitization [10993] : pegmatit ho.
Qu trnh bin i vy quanh c thnh
phn alumosilicat, di tc dng kh thnh sau
magma thnh to nn cc tp hp thch anh,
feldspar, mica vi kin trc ht ln.
pegmatoid [10994] : pegmatioit.
magma ht th ca pegmatit, c thnh
phn granit, nhng khng c kin trc mc ghp
vn ch ca pegmatit.
pegmatolite [10995] : pegmatolit.
n: orthoclase.
pegmatophyre [10996] : pegmatophyr.
n: granophyre.
pegmatophyric [10997] : pegmatophyric.
n: granophyric.
pehrmanite [10998] : permanit.
Khong vt cha Fe+2 tng t vi tafeit v
cng l khong vt ca nhm hogbomit:
BeFe+2Al4O8.
peisleyite [10999] : peisleyit.
Khong vt:
Na3Al16(SO4)2(PO4)10(OH)17. 20H2O.
pekoite [11000] : pekoit.
Khong vt h thoi: PbCuBi11(S,Se)18.
pelecypod [11001] : chn ru.
n: Bivalve (Hai mnh).
Pele's hair [11002] : tc Pele.
1- Thnh to ni la to bi cc si tc thy
tinh c kin trc tc ri hoc si song song
(Theo ni la Pele, Hawai).
2- Thy tinh si thin nhin c hnh thnh
do vi phun, thc; cc dng cun xoy ca dung
nham lng tun ra ngoi mt t. ng knh
si c kch thc nh hn na milimet v c th
di 2 mt.
Pele'stears [11003] : nc mt Pele.
Cc ht thy tinh ni la nh vi cc vt si
tua ca tc Pele, c dng ca git nc mt,
hnh cu hoc hnh tr.
pelhamine [11004] : pelhamin.
Loi khong vt serpentin mu lc xm sng
Pelham. C th l mt loi chrysotil b phong
ha.
pelinite [11005] :
Thut ng ch loi silicat nhm ngm nc,
c th l vt cht st trong st nhng khng phi
l kaolin v c xem nh loi vt liu do v
nh hnh (dng keo) c thnh phn thay i,
nhng thng c thnh phn silic cao hn so vi
trong clayite, vi hm lng ng k thnh phn
kim hoc t kim.
pelionite [11006] :
Loi than bitum xut l gn Monte Pelion-
Tasmania.
pelite [11007] : pelit.
1- Loi trm tch hay trm tch c thnh
phn bao gm cc ht vn nh nht (cc ht c
kch thc bn hoc st). X: mudstone.
2- Loi trm tch ht mn c thnh phn l
silicat nhm ngm nc cha ln cc ht nh
nhng khong vt khc; loi trm tch
giu nhm.
3- Loi bin cht c ngun gc t lutite,
v d nh sn phm bin cht t cc bt kt
hay bn kt.
pelitic [11008] :
1- cp ti hay c trng cho pelite, c
bit ni v loi trm tch c thnh phn l st.
2- Loi bin cht c ngun gc t mt
pelite, v d phin pelit l sn phm bin cht
t trm tch st hoc trm tch giu nhm
ht mn.
pelitomorphic [11009] :
cp ti cc ht carbonat c kch thc c
st trong mt loi vi hay dolomit. Thut
ng ny cn s dng ch loi vi hay
dolomit c cha cc tp hp ht c st hoc c
nn gm thnh phn ny.
pellet [11010] : th vn cc.
Th hnh cu hoc dng trng kch thc
thay i, nhiu khi ng knh t ti 0,2mm,
thnh phn l bn vi ng nht, khng c cu
trc bn trong. Hu ht c ngun gc l sn
phm thi ca ng vt khng xng sng.
pelleted limestone [11011] : vi kt cc.
Loi vi c thnh phn ch yu l cc th
vn cc.
pelletoid [11012] : vn cc.
c vn cc hoc c cha nhiu cc th
vn cc.
pellicular water [11013] : nc mng mng.
Nc bm cht xung quanh cc ht t do
lc ht phn t, to thnh mng mng bao bc
bn ngoi ht. Nc mng mng khng th dch
chuyn di tc ng trng lc.
n: adhesive water; pendular water;
funicular water; attached water.
pellyite [11014] : pelyit.
Khong vt h thoi: Ba2Ca(Fe+2,Mg)2Si6O17.
pelmicrite [11015] : vi pelmicrit.
Loi vi c cha mt lng nht nh cc
th vn cc v bn carbonat; c bit l loi
vi cha khng qu 25% vn ni bn
(intraclasts) v di 25% cc th trng c vi t
l hm lng gia cc th vn cc vi tn tch
sinh vt ha > 3/1 v hm lng thnh phn
457
nn bn vi ln hn hm lng xi mng calcit
ton tinh.
pelsparite [11016] : vi pelsparit.
Loi vi cha mt hm lng nht nh
cc th vn cc v calcit kt tinh in hnh; c
bit l loi vi cha di 25% vn ni bn v
di 25% cc th trng c, vi t l hm lng
gia cc th vn cc vi tn tch sinh vt ha
> 3/1 v hm lng xi mng calcit ton tinh ln
hn hm lng nn bn carbonat.
pen [11017] : i, ni, cao nguyn, mi t.
pencil cleavage [11018] : th ch dng
bt ch.
Th ch to ra cc mnh di, thon nh l
sn phm ca s giao ct gia phng ca th
ch v cc tng , thng gp trong cc bin
cht yu.
pencil stone [11019] : bt ch.
Pyrophyllit s dng lm bt ch .
pendant [11020] : pendant; treo, nh ra.
n: roof pendant.
pendular water [11021] : nc lin kt.
n: adhesive water; funicular water;
pellicular water; attached water.
peneplain [11022] : bn bnh nguyn.
Thut ng ch a hnh hu nh bng phng
hoc dng i thp, c hnh thnh ni c
nn mng b un np hoc kt tinh. l b
mt c cc cu trc ni sinh c n b hon
ton bi cc qu trnh ngoi sinh (bc mn).
Xut hin nh l b mt kt thc vo cui mt
chu trnh ln c hnh tinh, do khng tn ti
a hnh phn ct, c hn so vi pediplai. N
thng c lp v phong ha dy trn 100m.
n: peneplane; base level peneplain.
peneplanation [11023] : bn bnh nguyn ha.
Qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin peneplain.
peneplane [11024] : bn bnh nguyn.
B mt hu nh bng phng. n: peneplain.
penetration [11025] : xuyn, xuyn vo t.
penetration resistance [11026] : sc khng
xuyn, sc khng ca t, cng ca t
c th hin di tc dng ca mi xuyn.
penetration test [11027] : th nghim xuyn
ti hin trng.
penetrometer [11028] : thit b xuyn t.
penfieldite [11029] : penfieldit.
Khong vt h su phng: Pb2(OH)Cl3.
penginite [11030] : penginit.
Khong vt: (Ag,Cu)2Au(S,Se)4.
penikisite [11031] : penikisit.
Khong vt cha Mg tng t kulanit:
Ba(Mg,Fe,Ca)2Al2(PO4)(OH)3.
penikkavaarite [11032] : penikavarit.
xm nhp tng t essexite, gm ch yu
augit, barkevikit, hornblend mu lc trn nn
ca andesin.
peninsula [11033] : bn o.
Mt phn ca lc a nh ra bin c bao
quanh bi nc bin.
penitent [11034] : penitent.
n: earth pillar.
penkvilksite [11035] : penkvilksit.
Khong vt h n nghing hoc h thoi:
Na4Ti2Si8O22.5H2O.
pennantite [11036] : penantit.
Khong vt khi tm mt ba nhm clorit,
trong cation Mn+2 nm v tr khi tm mt,
ng dng vi thuringit.
penninite [11037] : peninit.
Khong vt loi clinoclor:
(Mg,Fe+2,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8, mu xanh
emerald, xanh oliu, xanh nht. n: penine.
Pennsylvanian [11038] : Pensylvania,
Pensylvani.
Mt k ca i Paleozoi (sau Mississipi v
trc Permi) c thi gian ko di t 320 n 280
triu nm trc. Tn c gi theo tn ca bang
Pennsylvania, tng ng vi Carbon thng
chu u. X: age of ferns. n: Carbonic.
Penokean orogeny [11039] : to ni
Penokean.
Thi k bin dng v xm nhp granit Tin
Cambri vng Minnesota v Michigan (Hoa
K), c tui phng x khong 1700 triu nm v
trc vo khong thi gian sau khi thnh to
ip Animikie (Huroni) v trc khi thnh to
ip Keweenawan. C l tng ng vi to ni
Hudsoni khin Canada.
penroseite [11040] : penroseit.
Khong vt mu xm ch: (Ni,Co,Cu)Se2,
cha mt t ch v bc. Khong vt ny ng cu
trc vi pyrit, c dng ct. n: blockite.
pentagonite [11041] : pentagonit.
Khong vt h thoi: Ca (VO)Si4O10.4H2O,
ng hnh vi cavansit.
pentahydrite [11042] : pentahydrit.
Khong vt h n nghing: MgSO4 .5H2O,
ng cu trc vi chalcantit. n: alenite.
pentahydroborite [11043] : pentahydroborit.
Khong vt: Ca B2O (OH)6 .2H2O.
pentameracean [11044] : tay cun c khp
(cs).
Tay cun c khp (Pentameracea) thuc mt
lin h c trng c v rt ln, lng li rt
phng, mt ngoi nhn, c g thanh hoc c g
th, v c phin tha mnh bng. Tui:
Ordovic mun-Devon mun.
458
 pentlandite [11045] : pentlandit.
Khong vt ng thc, mu vng ng nht
n nu sng: (Fe,Ni)9S8, xen kp vi pyrotit,
ct khai hnh tm mt, khng cha Mg. Khong
vt ny cng loi vi gefroyit l khong vt
qung nickel. n: felgerite, nicopyrite.
Penutian [11046] : Penuti.
Bc Bc M. Eocen h (nm trn Bulit,
nm di Ulatis).
pepino [11047] : thp karst.
n: karst tower.
peralkaline [11048] : bo ha kim.
Cc magma c s lng phn t Al2O3
nh hn tng s lng phn t ca K2O v
Na2O.
peraluminous [11049] : bo ha nhm.
Cc magma c s lng phn t Al2O3 ln
hn tng s lng phn t ca K2O v Na2O.
percent slope [11050] : h s dc.
H s xc nh mi quan h gia khong
cch thng ng v khong cch nm ngang cho
mt sn nht nh.
percentage consolidation [11051] : t l
c kt.
T s gia trc trung tm ca ng sut hu
hin mt thi im no v tr trung bnh
ca ng sut hu hiu khi kt thc c kt.
percentage saturation [11052] : t l phn
trm bo ha.
T s gia th tch l rng trong t c cha
nc v tng th tch l rng trong t.
perched gincial valley [11053] : thung lng
treo.
n: hangging valley.
perched ground water [11054] : nc thng
tng, nc treo.
Nc di t nm gn mt t trong trm
tch b ri hoc phn trn ca v phong ha
c kt nt n, din phn b hn ch, b dy
khng ln, cch bit vi cc tng cha nc bn
di bi lp cch nc hoc thm nc yu.
Mc nc v tr lng dao ng mnh theo iu
kin kh tng-thy vn (ma), v ma kh
thng cn kit hn.
perched stream [11055] : dng chy treo.
B mt dng chy cao hn mt nc v
khng thng vi nc ngm do mt mng
cch nc; Dng chy trn mt sn i c
chn pha trc mt thung lng ca mt dng
chy bc cao hn. N chy vo dng chy cao
hn ny di mt gc vung.
perched water [11056] : nc treo.
Nc di t c th tch va phi, nm trn
tng khng thm v nm gia mc nc di t
v mt t. n: perched ground water.
perched water table [11057] : mt nc di
t treo.
B mt ca khi nc di t treo.
percolation [11058] : thm lu.
n: seepage.
percrystalline [11059] : kt tinh gn hon
ton.
Cc porphyrit kt tinh tt vi t thy tinh,
t l tinh th so vi thy tinh >7.
percussion boring [11060] : khoan p.
percussion drilling [11061] : khoan p.
perennial lake [11062] : h c nc
quanh nm.
perennial spring [11063] : mch nc tn ti
quanh nm.
perennial stream [11064] : dng chy
thng xuyn.
Dng chy tn ti quanh nm c b mt thp
hn mc nc di t k dng chy.
perennially frozen ground [11065] : t ng
bng thng xuyn.
n: permafrost.
perfect crystal [11066] : tinh th hon chnh.
Tinh th khng c khuyt tt trong mng,
nhng cha t c tinh th sch l tng.
perfection color [11067] : mu hon chnh.
Thut ng p dng cho kim cng qu, c
mu p nht. Ss: gem color.
perforate [11068] : c l thng, thng l, c
rn h.
Vch gia cc San h mt s qun th c
nhiu l thng nh xp sp khng u, ring
San h Perforata b xng c cu trc thng l;
v Trng l c nhiu l thng nh khc l
ming, l knh v cc l cho chn gi th ra
v nhm Trng l Perporata; v ca Thn mm
cun xon c l rn khng b che kn.
perforated casing [11069] : ng chng c l,
ng lc.
ng chng l khoan c c l nc c th
chy vo hoc chy ra. n: well screen.
pergelic temperature regime [11070] : ch
nhit ca vng t c bng vnh cu.
Ch nghit ca t trong nhit
trung bnh hng nm di 0oC v c ng bng
vnh cu.
pergelisol [11071] : t ng bng vnh cu.
n: permafrost.
perhamite [11072] : perhamit.
Khong vt: Ca5Al7Si8P4O29,5.18H2O.
pericline [11073] : periclin.
Loi albit thon di theo phng trc b v
thng song song vi trc song tinh periclin.
459
Tinh th periclin ln mu trng sa c trong
mch. Periclin l oligoclas b albit ha.
pericline ripple mark [11074] : vt gn sng
ct kiu periclin.
Vt gn sng ct c sp xp theo kiu trc
giao hoc song song, hoc ct qua hng dng
chy v c chiu di sng ti 80cm, bin ln
ti 30cm.
pericline twin law [11075] : lut song tinh
periclin.
Lut song tinh song song trong feldspar h
ba nghing, trong trc song tinh l trc kt
tinh b v mt tip hp l mt thoi. c thnh
to n c hoc cng vi lut song tinh albit.
perideltidium [11076] : phin k khe
tam gic.
i phin hi nh cao din sau ca v Tay
cun, nm k hay hai bn np elta gi, c
trng bi cc vch kha dc v cc ng tng
trng ngang song song vi ra sau.
peridotite [11077] : peridotit.
1- xm nhp, theo phn loi IUGS, vi
M90 v ol/(ol+opx+cpx) > 40%; .
2- Thut ng chung cho cc xm nhp ht
th, gm ch yu olivin, cha hoc khng cha
cc khong vt mu nh pyroxen, amphibol,
mica, t hoc khng c plagioclas. Peridotit bao
gm cc saxonit, harbugit, lezolit, veclit,
dunit. thng b serpentin ha. Khong vt
ph in hnh l spinen.
peridotite shell [11078] : lp peridotit.
Phn trn ca manti c thnh phn tng t
peridotit.
periglacial geomorphology [11079] : a mo
hc bng h.
Mn hc v tt c cc hin tng v qu
trnh trong vng bng h.
perimeter blasting [11080] : n mn dc bin.
Bin php n mn vi liu lng nh, mt
l mn dy, dc theo ranh gii khai o, to ra
cc khe nt ngn cch phn t s o i v Peristerit ging Mt trng lm qu.
phn cn li. Mc ch nhm gim nh hng
ca n mn liu ln sau n sc bn t ming .
thnh cng trnh, nng cao kh nng t chng
ca chng.
perine [11081] : v ngoi mng.
n: perisporium.
period [11082] : k; thi k.
Phn v a thi di i v trn th trong
thang a thi. Cc thnh to trong thi gian
ny tng ng vi h. y phn v a thi c perite [11094] : perit.
bn ca thang a thi quc t; Thut ng c
dng khng chnh thc ch mt di thi
gian, nh thi k bng h.
periodic spring [11083] : mch nc nh k.
Mch nc lc xut l, lc kh kit. Mch
nc chy khng u do nh hng ca c ch
xi phng t nhin. Loi mch ny phn b ch
yu trong carbonat, ni c cc xi phng t
nhin. n: intermittent spring.
periostracum [11084] : lp v ngoi, lp
sng ngoi.
Lp hu c mng ph ln mt ngoi v Tay
cun v nhiu loi Thn mm, v d nh lp
sng mng ph ln lp cht vi v Thn mm
hai mnh v Chn bng, bao gm ch yu cht
conchiolin.
peripheral depression [11085] : st ln ra.
n: ring depression.
peripheral fault [11086] : t gy rim, t
gy ra.
t gy nm ra ca vng nh cao hoc
vng st ln ging nh diapir.
peripheral stream [11087] : dng chy ra.
Dng chy song song vi ra bng h, thng
pha ngoi bng tch.
periphract [11088] : di c bm.
Mt di lin tc gm cc c v m si bao
quanh thn mt Chn u Nautiloidea c tc
dng bm.
periporate [11089] : c l bao quanh.
Ht phn c nhiu l ri rc khp b mt.
perispore [11090] : v ngoi mng.
n: perisporium.
perisporium [11091] : v ngoi mng.
Mt lp v ph thm ngoi mng ngoi ca
mt s bo t phn hoa, gm cht v bo t
phn mng v gn kt lng lo, do , thng
khng c coi l dng bo t phn hoa.
n: perine, perispore.
peristerite [11092] : peristerit.
Loi albit qu nh xanh hoc trng-xanh
nht, c trng do phn x mu xanh v vng
ca nhng bao th nm trong khong vt ny.
peristome [11093] : vnh ra ming, vnh
Vng bao quanh ming nhiu ng vt
khng xng sng, v d ra l ming phng
cha thn ca Chn u, hay vnh li bao quanh
l ming v Trng l; vnh li bao quanh l
nguyn thy Ru ng vt Cheilostomata, hay
phn cui ni cao ca c th Ru ng vt
Stenolaemata.
Khong vt h thoi: PbBiO2Cl.
peritreme [11095] : ra ming v.
Ra hay mp l ming ca mt v, v d ca
460
Chn bng.
perlialite [11096] : perlialit.
Khong vt zeolit:
K9Na(Ca,Sr)Al12Si24O72.15H2O mu nhiu x
tia X ging zeolit tng hp.
perlite [11097] : perlit.
Thy tinh ni la c thnh phn ryolit, c
kin trc perlit, c hm lng nc cao hn so
vi obsidian.
perlitic [11098] : kin trc perlit.
1- Kin trc ca thy tinh ni la to bi cc
vt nt do co ngt khi h nhit . Cc vt nt
c dng cc hnh cu nh; .
2- c tnh thuc v perlit.
perloffite [11099] : perlofit.
Khong vt cha Fe+3 tng t bjarebyit:
Ba(Mn,Fe)Fe2+3(OH)3(PO4)3.
permafrost [11100] : ng bng vnh cu,
min bng gi thng xuyn.
Lp t trn cng ca thch quyn cc
min a cc hn i hay trn ni cao c nhit
thng xuyn di 0oC, lun trng thi
bng gi (n hng trm, hng nghn nm).
n: pergelisol, perennially frozen ground.
permanent access [11101] : ng vo, li
vo kin c, lu di, vnh cu, di hn.
permanent hardness [11102] : cng vnh
vin, cng thng xuyn.
n: noncarbonate hardness.
permanent support [11103] : tr lc kin c,
lu di, vnh cu, di hn.
permeability [11104] : thm, tnh thm.
Tnh cht hoc kh nng ca t cho php
cht lng hay kh (hoc hn hp) dch chuyn
trong . Tnh thm cng cao khi rng hu
hiu v kch thc l hng (khe nt) ca t
cng ln v ngc li. Tnh thm c th hin
bng h s thm. X: permeability coefficient.
n: perviousness.
permeability coefficient [11105] : h s thm.
Tc thm trong iu kin gradien p lc
bng mt n v. H s thm thng c biu
th bng m/ngy hoc cm/giy.
permeable [11106] : c h s thm cao.
permeameter [11107] : dng c o thm.
permeation [11108] : thm thu.
S xm nhp mnh ca cc yu t bin cht
(nh cc dung dch granit ha) vo cc
lm cho cc b ti kt tinh mt phn hoc
ton phn.
permeation gneiss [11109] : gneis thm thu.
Gneis c to thnh do thm thu cc hp
phn a ha di ng vo cng.
Permian [11110] : K Permi.
K cui cng ca i Paleozoi, ko di t
290-245 triu nm trc y (Harland et al.,
1990), tng ng vi h Permi do Murchison
(1841) xc lp theo mt ct vng Permi ca
Nga. Vic chia h Permi lm 2 hay 3 thng cng
nh phn bc ca cc thng cc khu vc rt
khc nhau. Phn ban a tng Permi quc t
(1998) ngh chia Permi lm 3 thng theo cc
mt ct vng Uran, ty nam Hoa K v nam
Trung Quc. l cc thng Cisurali, Guadalup
v Loping. X: age ofpamphibians. n: Dyassic.
permingeatite [11111] : permingeatit.
Khong vt: Cu3SbSe4.
Permo-Carboniferous [11112]:Carbon-Permi.
1- Xem ton b Permi v Carbon l mt
phn v.
2- Kt hp c Permi v Pensylvania.
3- Mt k, tng ng vi phn v trung
gian gia phn cao nht ca Pensylvania vi
phn thp nht ca Permi.
perofskite [11113] : perofskit.
n: perovskite.
perovskite [11114] : perovskit.
Khong vt mu vng, nu hoc en-xm
nht: CaTiO3, thnh thong cha ceri v nguyn
t t him khc.
perrierite [11115] : perierit.
Khong vt:
(Ca,Ce,Th)4(Mg,Fe)2(Ti,Fe)2 (Si4,O22), ng
hnh vi chevkinit.
perryite [11116] : peryit.
Khong vt thin thch: (Ni,Fe)5(Si,P)2.
persalic [11117] : persalic.
Mt trong nm lp magma trong phn loi
ca CIPW, trong chng t l cc khong vt
sng mu so vi sm mu ln hn 7.
persemic [11118] : persemic.
Cc magma trong phn loi ca CIPW c
t l phn nn so vi ban tinh nh hn 7.
persilicic [11119] : acid.
Clark (1908) dng thut ng ny thay cho
"acid".
persistence [11120] : tn lu.
Kh nng ca mt cht ha hc bo tn c
thnh phn, tnh cht theo thi gian. y l mt
ch tiu quan trng nh gi tc ng ca
nhng cht c hi tn ti trong mi trng
(cht ph thi, thuc bo v thc vt, v kh ha
hc,...) i vi ngi v sinh vt. Thi gian tn
lu cng lu, tc hi cng ln.
persistence of discontinuities [11121] : mc
, tnh lin tc ca cc gin on (khe nt,
t gy, v.v.).
perspective projection [11122] : h chiu
461
 phi cnh.
perspective transformation [11123] : bin
i phi cnh, hay cn gi l cc php chiu
trong thnh lp bn .
perthite [11124] : perthit.
Mt dng ca feldspar kim giu kali
(microlin) cha cc tinh th albit hoc cc
plagioclas acid mc xen. Theo quy lut phn
chia ra perthit phn hy dung dch cng v
perthit thay th. Theo hnh dng cc tinh th
mc xen phn chia ra loi dng ch, vi mch,
dng m, tm mng, v.v.
perthitic [11125] : kin trc perthit.
Kin trc to bi cc tinh th mc xen ca
feldspar giu natri (albit) dng si ch, vi
mch,v.v. Trong feldspar giu kali (microlin).
perthitoid [11126] : kin trc dng perthit.
Kin trc ging vi kin trc perthit nhng
to bi cc khong vt khng phi feldspar.
perthosite [11127] : perthosit.
Syenit sng mu bao gm ch yu l perlit
vi hm lng khong vt mu nh hn 3%.
(Thut ng khng nn dng).
pervious [11128] : d thm.
perviousness [11129] : thm.
X: permeability.
perxenic [11130] : perxenic.
Cc magma trong phn loi ca CIPW,
trong chng t l ca tinh th khm so vi tinh
th ch ln hn 7.
pesticides [11131] : cht dit tr (ha cht bo
v thc vt).
Nhng hp cht ha hc, thng l nhn to,
c tc dng dit tr nhng ng vt hay thc vt
c hi, bo v cy trng v mi trng. Thut
ng chung ch cc cht dit tr nh: thuc tr
su (insecticides), thuc dit c (herbicides),
thuc dit nm mc (fungicides), thuc dit cn
trng (nematocides), thuc dit cc loi gm
nhm (edenticides), v.v.
petarasite [11132] : petarasit.
Khong vt c cu trc dng zeolit v c
thnh phn: Na2Zr2Si6O18(Cl,OH).2H2O.
petite seismique method [11133] : phng
php vi a chn.
Ra i Php, phng php ny o kt hp
tc sng S, bc sng v s tt dn m t
trng t c o. Ngi ta xc lp c phn dung li cn li c to bi qu trnh kt
mt s i snh c tnh nh lng gia cc
thng s "a chn" vi cc tnh cht khc, v d
nh h s bin dng tnh.
petrified moss [11134] : m ly ha .
n: tufa.
petroblastesis [11135] : to bin tinh.
S hnh thnh ch yu t kt tinh cc ion
khuch tn.
petrochemistry [11136] : thch ha, ha du.
1- Mn thch ha nghin cu thnh phn ha
hc ca ;
2- Mn ha du nghin cu ha hc du kh
v cc sn phm du kh.
petrofabric [11137] : thch hc cu trc.
X: farbic.
petrofabric analysis [11138] : phn tch thch
cu trc.
Phn tch tnh nh hng ca cc yu t
khong vt hoc tinh th lin quan vi qu trnh
thnh to.
petrofabric diagram [11139] : th thch
cu trc.
th c xy dng theo phng php
chiu cu ca trc quang hc thch anh hoc
ca mt yu t c tht hoc tng tng no
ca mt tinh th, trn chng v cc ng ng
ng mt tnh theo phn trm ca cc im
chiu cu.
petrofabrics [11140] : thch hc cu trc.
Mn hc chuyn nghin cu hin tng bin
dng ca cc qua phn tch cc yu t
khong vt di knh hin vi phn cc v bn
knh vn nng Fedorov.
petrofacies [11141] : tng thch hc.
T hp cc c im chung ca mt hoc
mt s loi .
petrogenetic grid [11142] : biu
thch sinh.
Biu c cc trc ta l cc ch s tch
cc ca mi trng to (nhit , p sut),
trn c th biu din cc ng cong cn
bng xc nh cc trng bn vng ca cc
khong vt v cc t hp khong vt.
petrogenic element [11143] : nguyn t
sinh .
Gm cc nguyn t ch yu c mt trong cc
khong vt dng oxid, silicat, florid, clorit to
nn cc thnh phn chnh ca .
petrogeny [11144] : thch lun ngun gc.
n: petrogenesis.
petrogeny's primitive system [11145] : h
sinh c bn.
H CaAl2Si2O8-CaMgSiO6-Mg2SiO4, trong
tinh phn d b suy gim lin tc.
petrogeny's residua system [11146] : h sinh
d (st li).
H NaAlSiO4-KAlSiO4-SiO2, cc hp phn
ca n lin tc tch t trong cht lng cn li do
kt tinh phn d. H bao gm cc pha thch anh,
albit, feldspar kali, leucit, nephelin v cc
462
calcilit.
petrographer [11147] : nh thch hc.
petrographic facies [11148] : tng
thch hc.
Cc tng c phn bit ch yu bi cu
to hoc thnh phn m khng quan tm n
hnh dng, ranh gii hoc quan h cc .
Chng bao gm cc th ln phn b trong
din tch ng k hoc l mt phn ca mt ct
a tng (v d: tng mu , tng bin su,
tng a mng, tng cha mui), hoc chng
ch bao gm mt loi n iu (v d: tng
phin en, tng graywack).
petrographic microscope [11149] : knh hin
vi phn cc.
X: polarizing microscope.
petrographic period [11150] : thi k to .
Khong thi gian hnh thnh t hp .
petrographic province [11151] : tnh
thch hc.
Vng rng ln, trong cc tng t nh
nhau c hnh thnh trong cng thi k hot
ng magma.
petrography [11152] : thch hc.
Ngnh ca a cht hc chuyn m t v
phn loi cc , c bit l cc magma v
bin cht, ch yu bng cc lt mng di knh
hin vi phn cc.
petroleum [11153] : du kh.
1- Hn hp cht lng t nhin hydrocarbon
trong lng t. n: crude oil; oil.
2- Thut ng chung ch cc tp hp t
nhin ca hydrocarbon dng kh, lng
hoc rn.
petroleum geologist [11154] : nh a cht
du kh.
Nh a cht hot ng trong lnh vc nghin
cu, tm kim, thm d v khai thc du kh.
petroleum geology [11155] : a cht du kh.
Mt nhnh ca a cht kinh t quan tm
nghin cu ngun gc, s di chuyn, tch t ca
du kh nhm mc tiu pht hin cc m c
ngha thng mi. a cht du kh i hi s
hiu bit su sc v p dng cc kin thc v a
ha hc, a vt l, c sinh, a cht cu trc v
a tng.
petroleum province [11156] : vng du kh,
tnh du kh.
Vng c iu kin thun li v a cht tch
t nhiu m du kh.
petroleum rock [11157] : cha du kh.
c l rng thun li cho s tch ng du
kh, v d ct kt.
petroliferous [11158] : cha du kh.
petrologen [11159] : petrologen.
Cht hu c trong trm tch thnh to t
s phn hy ca sinh vt. Petrologen khng tan
trong dung mi hu c, kim v nc.
petrology [11160] : thch lun.
Ngnh ca a cht hc nghin cu ngun
gc, phn b cu to v lch s pht trin ca ,
c bit cc magma, bin cht. Thch lun c
lnh vc nghin cu rng hn thch hc.
petrometallogenetic assemblage [11161] : t
hp thch sinh khong.
Mt tp hp cha mt loi qung nht
nh. V d tin-bearing granitic assemblage (t
hp granit cha thic).
petromorph [11162] : hnh thi thch hc.
Hnh thi a hnh c l ra do c im
thch hc, v d nh mch calcit vng chc
trong a hnh trn tng hang ng do vi
bao quanh b ha tan.
petrophysics [11163] : thch vt l hc.
Nghin cu tnh cht vt l ca .
petrostratigraphy [11164] : thch a tng.
X: lithostratigraphy.
petrotectonic assemblage [11165] : t hp
thch kin to.
L tp hp thnh to trong mt ch
kin to xc nh. V d ophiolite assemblages
(t hp ophiolit) gm c cc trm tch bin su:
phin st, vi, phin silic, turbidit, ha thch
bin khi, phun tro basalt bin hnh gi b ct
bi cc dike thnh phn bas, gabro, peridotit v
cc siu mafic khc b bin cht. Ophiolit
l nhng mu (fragment) ca v i dng b
t ln trn v lc a, l kt qu ca s va
chm mng.
petrovicite [11166] : petrovicit.
Khong vt: Cu3HgPbBiSe5.
petrovskaite [11167] : petrovskait.
Khong vt: AuAg(S,Se).
petschau twin law [11168] : lut song tinh
petschau.
Lut song tinh song song ca feldspar, c
trc song tinh l [110], loi him.
petzite [11169] : petzit.
Khong vt mu xm thp n en st:
Ag3AuTe2.
pH [11170] : pH (ch s hydro).
Vic biu din nng rt nh ca H+ hoc
OH- kh bt tin. Do vy, Sorensen, nm 1909
a ra khi nim ch s hydro k hiu l pH vi
tr s bng m logarit thp phn nng ion
hydro (H+): pH = -lg[H+] tc [H+] = 10-pH .
Ion H+ tn ti trong dung dch di dng H3O+
nn pH = -lg[H3O+] nhng v [H+] = H3O+ nn
463
 n gin ta vit pH = -lg[H+]; pH khng c
th nguyn. Trong nc nguyn cht hoc mi
trng trung tnh: [H+] = [OH-] = 10-7 mol.l-1
nn pH = -lg10-7 = 7. Trong mi trng acid
[H+] > 10-7 mol.l-1 nn pH < 7. Cn trong mi
trng bas [H+] < 10-7 mol.l-1 nn pH > 7.
Ngoi i lng pH, ngi ta cn dng i
lng pOH; pOH = -lg[OH-] v [H+].[OH-] =
10-14 nn pH + pOH = 14.
phaceloid [11171] : dng b.
San h qun th gm nhng n th gn
song song xp sp dng b la.
phacolith [11172] : phacolit.
Th xm nhp nh dng thu knh li
hoc thu knh lm, chnh hp trong cc tng
un np.
phanerite [11173] : phanerit, hin tinh.
magma c cc ht khong vt ch yu ln
n mc c th nhn bit c bng mt thng. mi trng.
phaneritic [11174] : kin trc phanerit, c
kin trc phanerit, hin tinh.
Kin trc magma, trong cc khong vt
phn bit c bng mt thng.
phanerocryst [11175] : ban tinh.
X: phenocryst.
phanerocrystalline [11176] : kin trc
phanerit.
X: phaneritic.
phaneromphalous [11177] : c rn h.
V mt Chn bng c rn hin ra r rng.
Phanerozoic [11178] : Phanerozoi (lin i).
Thi gian a cht hnh thnh c du hiu
ca s sng, t Cambri n nay, ng vi lin
gii Phanerozoi, do Sedgwick (1930) ngh,
bao gm cc gii Paleozoi, Mesozoi v
Kainozoi.
phannouxite [11179] : phannouxit.
Khong vt: Ca3(AsO4)2.11H2O, b kh nc
thnh rauenthalit nhit trong phng.
phantom crystal [11180] : tinh th khng
c thc.
Tinh th kt tinh giai on sm, hin ch
cn dng bi, bao th nh b, nh serpentin l
tinh th khng c thc trong olivin.
n: ghost crystal.
pharaonite [11181] : pharaonit.
Khong vt c th l davyn giu magnesi.
pharmacolite [11182] : pharmacolit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
CaH(AsO4).2H2O, dng ng mu trng hoc
xm nht, ng nh. n: arsenic bloom.
pharmacosiderite [11183] : pharmacosiderit.
Khong vt mu xanh hoc xanh-vng nht:
Fe3(AsO4)2(OH)3.5H2O, dng tinh th lp
phng ph bin. Ss: alumopharmacosiderite,
sodium-pharmacosiderite. n: cube ore.
pharynx [11184] : hng, hu.
Mt on ca ng tiu ha nhiu ng vt
khng xng sng, v d li dn hnh ng nm
gia ming v khoang v mch San h tm tia,
hay ng ming trong Trng tia Phaeodarina;
ng vt c xng sng, l on ca ng tiu
ha ni khoang ming vi thc qun.
phase [11185] : pha, giai on a cht.
1- Tng thch hc, c bit mc nh,
l nhng thay i nh trong mt khong thi
gian u th, hay tng thng thng; tng xy
ra trong khong thi gian ngn; s kin khu vc,
v d nh pha bin, pha sng ca h tng A.
2- Tng c trng c lp i lp li trn
nhng v tr khc nhau trn mt ct a tng, n
phn nh s ti din ca tnh cht c bit ca
3- Phn v khong a thi chnh thng c
th bc thp hn episode v cao hn span.
4- Khong thi gian pht trin mt qu
trnh a cht, mt thi k ca hot ng magma
nh pha ni la, pha xm nhp ch yu v pha
xm nhp ph.
phase boundary [11186] : ranh gii pha.
n: boundary line.
phenacite [11187] : phenacit.
X: phenakite.
phenakite [11188] : phenakit.
Khong vt khi mt thoi khng mu, trng:
Be2SiO4. i khi nhm vi thch anh. Phenakit
dng lm na qu. Khng nn nhm vi
fenaksit.
phengite [11189] : phengit.
1- Loi mica-K khi tm mt kp, c thnh
phn l thuyt:
K[(Fe+3,Mg)0,5Al1,5](Si3,5Al0,5) O10(OH,F)2.
2- trong hoc trong m (gn nh thch
cao kt tinh) s dng lm ca knh c.
phenicochroite [11190] : phenicochroit.
X: phoenicochroite.
phenocryst [11191] : ban tinh.
Cc tinh th tng i ln nhn bit c
trong cc c kin trc porphyr.
phenocrystalline [11192] : hin tinh.
X: phaneritic.
phenomenology [11193] : hin tng hc.
Khoa hc lun gii v phn loi cc
hin tng.
phi-circle method [11194] : phng php
ng trn phi.
Phng php ho xc nh mt trt tim
464
nng trong mi dc t hoc nn t p, vi
l gc ni ma st ca t.
philippinite [11195] : philippinit.
Tectit phn b trn cc o ca Philippine.
philipsbornite [11196] : philipsbornit.
Khong vt: PbAl3(AsO4)2(OH)5.H2O, thuc
nhm crandalit.
phillipsite [11197] : philipsit.
Khong vt zeolit mu trng hoc nht:
(K2,Na2,Ca)Al2Si4O12.4H2O, thnh thong khng
cha natri, nhng thng cha lng ln kali.
Philipsit tp hp dng si v xut hin trong
trm tch st mu .
phillipstadite [11198] : philipstadit.
Khong vt h n nghing nhm amphibol:
Ca2(Fe,Mg)5(Si,Al)8O22(OH)2.
phlogopite [11199] : phlogopit.
Khong vt giu magnesi nhm mica:
K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH,F)2, c mu nu-vng
nht n mu -nu nht hoc mu vng ng,
tn ti trong vi kt tinh do dolomit ha.
Phlogopit c thnh phn gn biotit nhng cha t
st hn. Ss: sodium phlogopite. n: magnesia
mica, amber mica, brown mica.
phoenicochroite [11200] : phoenicochroit.
Khong vt mu : Pb2CrO5.
n: phoenicite, berezovite, scheibeite.
Pholad [11201] : Pholadidae.
Thn mm hai mnh thuc mt h c v u
mnh kch thuc khc nhau, thng c u cui
lun h rng.
pholerite [11202] : pholerit.
Khong vt st ging kaolinit.
phonolite [11203] : phonolit.
1- Ngha hp: Nhm phun tro ht mn
gm ch yu cc feldspar kim (anortocla hoc
sanidin) v nephilin (Strekeisen, 1967), cc
ni la tng ng vi syenit nephelin.
2- Ngha rng: Cc phun tro cha
feldspar kim, khong vt mu v feldsparoid
nh nephilin, lxit, sodalit.
phosgenite [11204] : phosgenit.
Khong vt h bn phng mu trng, vng
hoc xm nht vi nh kim: Pb2Cl2(CO3).
n: born lead, cromfordite.
phosinaite [11205] : phosinait.
Khong vt h thoi:
H2Na3(Ca,Ce)(SiO4)(PO4).
phosphammite [11206] : phosphamit.
Khong vt: (NH4)HPO4.
phosphate [11207] : phosphat.
Khong vt c gc PO4-3 khi t din, nh
pyromorphit: Pb5(PO4)3Cl, trong phospho,
arsen v vanadi c th thay th cho nhau trong
khi t din. Ss: asenate, vanadate.
phosphatic nodule [11208] : k thch
phosphat.
Cc khi trn hoc hn cui mu nu, xm,
en c kch thc mt vi mm n hn 30cm,
gm nhng mnh vn phn ha (coprolit),
san h, v s, xng, cc ht ct, tm mica, gai
Bt bin c bc bi colophan (phosphat Ca).
Chng c mt trong trm tch bin (v d cc lp
trm tch Permi, ty Hoa K, phin vi Creta
Anh). Hin ti vn ang c thnh to y
bin (v d ngoi khi b bin California).
phosphatization [11209] : phosphat ha.
Qu trnh thnh to phosphat, v d s thay
th to ca vi, argilit, phin st di tc
dng ca dung dch cha phosphat to nn cc
phosphat Ca, Al hoc Fe.
phosphide [11210] : phosphua.
Khong vt to nn bi s kt hp gia
phosphor v kim loi. V d shreibersit`
(Fe,Ni)3P.
phosphochalcite [11211] : phosphochalcit.
Gi hnh malachit, l khong vt mu lc
sng n lc en Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4.H2O, rt ging
malachit v c trong i oxy ha trong cc m
ng nhit dch.
n: dihydrite, phosphoro chalcite, tagilite.
phosphoferrite [11212] : phosphoferit.
Khong vt h thoi mu trng, xanh nht
hoc vng: (Fe,Mn)3(PO4)2.3H2O, ng hnh vi
reingit.
phosphofibrite [11213] : phosphofibrit.
Khong vt: KCuFe15+3(PO4)12(OH)12.12H2O,
lin quan cu trc vi kidwellit.
phosphophyllite [11214] : phosphophylit.
Khong vt h n nghing, khng mu hoc
mu xanh nht, ct khai hon ton, dng mica:
Zn2(Fe,Mn)(PO4)2.4H2O.
phosphorite [11215] : phosphorit.
trm tch vi hm lng cao cc khong
vt phosphat c ngha kinh t. Thng thng
l ngun gc bin phn lp nguyn sinh
hoc b bin i th sinh, cha cc tinh th nh
carbonat fluorapatit c dng tm mng, vi ht,
trng c, kt hch khung xng, kt v, mnh
nh. Cc khong vt phosphat Fe, Al (wavelit,
milisit) l nhng thnh to th sinh.
phosphorization [11216] : phosphor ha.
Qu trnh thm nhp, thnh to cc hp cht
ca phosphor, v d qu trnh to phosphat
ha.
phosphorochaleite [11217] : phospho-
rochaleit.
Loi gi hnh ca malachit.
465
 phosphorresslerite [11218] : phosphoreslerit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
MgH(PO4).7H2O, ng hnh vi roeslerit.
phosphorus [11219] : phosphor (P).
Nguyn t ha hc s 15, nguyn t lng
30.9737; t trng loi mu trng 1,82 g/cm3,
loi mu 2,35g/cm3 v mu en 2,7g/cm3 c
1 ng v bn v 16 khng bn, thuc nhm
khng kim loi nh, biophil, lithophil,
siderophil. Hm lng P trong cc (ppm): v
lc a trn l 665; siu mafic 220; gabro-basalt
1200; granit granodiorit 750; phin 800;
trong t 750; trong nc i dng 0,06mg/l;
nc sng sui 0,02mg/l. Cc khong vt tiu
biu l apatit, monazit, xenotim v cc phosphat
khc. Phng php phn tch: ICP-AES, XRF.
Dng P trong cc ngnh ha hc, phn bn, cht
ty sch, thuc n, cht bn dn, pho hoa,
thuc tr su, lm dim. Phosphor c nh gi
kim thut H. Brandt Hambourg tm ra nm
1669. Chng ct b rn thu c khi c cn
nc tiu, ng pht hin s pht quang mu lc
nht ca cn trong bnh cu. ng cho rng
tm c hn trit hc. ng nhin
phosphor khng th bin cc kim loi khng
qu thnh vng, khng cho ta s bt t, nhng l
cht ht sc quan trng i vi s sng.
phosphosiderite [11220] : phosphosiderit.
Khong vt h n nghing, mu hng-
nht: FePO4.2H2O, lng hnh vi strengit, v
ng hnh vi metavariscit. n: clinostengite,
metastrengite.
phosphuranylite [11221] : phosphuranylit.
Khong vt th sinh mu vng kim:
Ca(UO2)3(PO4)2.6H2O, quan h cu trc vi
mundit.
photoelastic method [11222] : phng php
quang n hi.
Phng php nghin cu cc tnh cht c l
ca mt mi trng n hi, v d trng ng
sut ca mt tm knh phng di tc ng ca
ngoi lc, bng quan trc quang hc, tc l ghi
nhn nhng bin i v mu sc, cng , v.v.
ca chm nh sng chiu qua tm knh ti thi
im ngoi lc tc ng.
photogeologic map [11223] : bn a
cht nh.
Bn a cht c xy dng trn c s cc
thng tin t nh chp hng khng, nh vin
thm.
photogeology [11224] : a cht nh.
Nghin cu a cht trn c s phn tch cc
loi nh my bay, v tinh.
photographic mapping of exposed
structures [11225] : lp bn nh cu trc.
Phng php o v cu trc bng cch chp
nh cc vt l a cht.
photohydrology [11226] : thy vn nh.
Khoa hc nghin cu cc s liu thy vn t
nh hng khng v nh v tr.
photolineament [11227] : yu t nh
dng tuyn.
photorelief map [11228] : bn nh
a hnh.
phragmocone [11229] : phn cha vch, v
nn trong.
Phn cha cc vch ngn nm sau phng
cha thn v Chn u; v trong hnh nn
cha cc vch ngn nm trung tm chy Tn
hay v Chn u Aulacocerida.
phreatic cycle [11230] : chu k dao ng
nc di t.
Khong thi gian trong nc di t
nng ln v h xung.
phreatic explosion [11231] : phun tro
phreatic.
S phun tro, phun n ca hi, bn v cc vt
liu khc nhit cao, do nc di t b lm
nng v bc hi bi ngun magma nm di.
phreatic ground water [11232] : nc ngm.
n: phreatic water.
phreatic surface [11233] : mt nc thong.
B mt ca nc di t (khng p) ti
p lc bng p lc kh quyn.
phreatic water [11234] : nc ngm.
X: unconfined groundwater.
phreatic water discharge [11235] : thot
nc di t t do, thot nc di t.
S tiu thot nc ngm (khng p) do
trng lc.
phreatic zone [11236] : i nc t do.
i bo ha nc. X: zone of saturation.
phreatophyte [11237] : thc vt a nc.
Loi thc vt thch sng gn nc nh
nhng vng ven sng h hoc ni c mc nc
ngm nng.
phthanite [11238] : phthanit, phin silic.
phuralumite [11239] : phuralumit.
Khong vt: Al2(UO2)3(PO4)2(OH)6.10H2O.
phurcalite [11240] : phurcali.
Khong vt: Ca2(UO2)3(PO4)2(OH)4.4H2O.
phyllic alteration [11241] : bin i phylic.
Bin i nhit dch c trng bi s di
chuyn Na, Ca, Mg t cc thnh phn kim
vi, bi thay th rng ri cc khong vt silicat
v bo tn kin trc ban u. in hnh cho i
vy quanh i bin i kali trung tm. Khong
ha lin quan l qung kim loi thng, kiu
porphyr.
466
 phyllic zone [11242] : i phylic.
i bin i trong cc khong sng qung
porphyr phn b bao quanh i kali, c trng
bi t hp thch anh-sericit-pyrit v (<5%)
kaolin, biotit hoc feldspar kali.
phyllite [11243] : phylit.
1- Thut ng s dng chung cho cc khong
vt dng vy do cc tc gi Php xut, nh
mica, clorit, st v vermiculit.
2- Thut ng chung cho nhng khong vt c
cu trc tinh th dng lp.
3- bin cht mc gia phin st v
phin mica. Cc vy nh sericit v clorit tao
nn b mt phn phin lng bng nh la.
phyllite mylonite [11244] : phylonit.
X: phyllonite.
phylloid [11245] : dng l.
C hnh ging nh chic l, c th l ni v
cc phn u ca yn hay cc yu t th yu
ng khu Chn u dng Cc .
phyllomorphic stage [11246] : giai on
phylomorphic.
Giai on mun nht ca qu trnh bin cht
sm c trng bi s thnh to cc khong vt
mica, clorit, feldspar trn nn st.
phyllonite [11247] : phylonit.
b ngoi ging phylit nhng hnh thnh
do nghin mn c hc cc c ht ln hn
nh grauvac, granit, gneis, v.v. Cc vy mica,
clorit pht trin dc theo mt phn phin to nn
s lng bng nh la.
phyllonitization [11248] : phylonit ha.
Qu trnh mylonit ha v ti kt tinh to
nn phylonit.
phyllosilicate [11249] : phylosilicat.
Silicat c gc t din (Si2O5)-2 l nhng anion
phc hp to thnh dng lp do lin kt lin tc
cc t din silic-oxygen vi nhau. c trng cho
silicat lp l cc khong vt ca nhm mica, tal,
clorit. n: layer silicate, physil, sheet mineral,
sheet silicate.
phyre [11250] : phyr.
Tip v ng cho tn c kin trc porphyr.
physical geography [11251] : a l t
nhin hc.
Mt nhnh ca a l hc, nghin cu m t
b mt Tri t nh: mi trng t nhin ca
con ngi, gii quyt s phn loi, hnh dng v
quy m ca cc hin tng t nhin lin quan
trc tip ti cc c im, s thay i t nhin
bn ngoi ca Tri t bao gm: t, nc,
khng kh. a l t nhin hc khc vi a cht
ch n quan tm n cc iu kin hin ti
nhiu hn cc iu kin qu kh ca Tri t.
N cng bao qut hn a mo hc, nghin cu
khng ch a hnh m cn c kh hu i cng,
kh quyn, t qua cc qu trnh a cht, ti
nguyn t nhin v i khi c s phn b sinh
a ca ng, thc vt, v cc tc ng t nhin
ca con ngi n Tri t.
physical landscape [11252] : cnh quan
t nhin.
X: natural landscape.
physical models [11253] : m hnh vt l.
Cc m hnh xy dng trong phng
th nghim nhm m t mt hin tng vt l
no .
physical residue [11254] : tn d t nhin.
Phn cn st li c hnh thnh do phong
ha c hc, v d trm tch cui cn st li do s
mang i cc hp phn mn hn bi nc hoc
gi trn y ca thung lng.
physical stratigraphy [11255] : a tng
t nhin.
a tng c xy dng trn c s tnh cht
t nhin ca .
physical weathering [11256] : phong ha
c hc.
n: mechanical weathering.
physico-chemical treatment [11257] : x l
ha-l.
Vic lm sch nc bn, nc thi bng cch
phi hp cc phng php ha hc v l hc
t tiu chun quy nh.
physicogeographical [11258] : v a l t
nhin hc.
physiochemical barriers [11259] : cn tr
ha-l.
L cn tr a ha lin quan n s thay i
cc iu kin ha l ca mi trng. Nhng cn
tr quan trng trong i biu sinh l: Cn tr
oxy dn n tch t Fe, Mn, Co; Cn tr kh
sulfur dn n tch t V, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, U;
Cn tr kim dn n tch t Sr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co,
NI, Cu, Zn; Cn tr bay hi dn n tch t Li,
S, V, Zn, Sr, Mo; Cn tr hp ph dn n
tch t P, S, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Pb,
Ra, U.
physiographic form [11260] : dng a l
t nhin.
Dng a hnh c quan tm n cc mt
ngun gc, nguyn nhn v lch s.
physiographic geology [11261] : a cht-a
l t nhin.
Mt nhnh ca a cht hc, nghin cu v
a hnh, a mo. Thut ng c dng trc
y ng ngha vi a l t nhin hc.
physiographic province [11262] : tnh a l
t nhin.
467
 Khu vc c tt c cc b phn tng t nhau
v cu trc a cht, kh hu, do c lich s
a hnh thi ng nht. Khu vc c cc c
im hnh thi khc vi cc khu vc lin k.
physiography [11263] : a l t nhin hc.
Mt ngnh ca khoa hc v Tri t nghin
cu v m t v cc hin tng t nhin nh a
hnh mt t, thy vn, khng kh v t.
n: physical geography.
phytogenic dam [11264] : ngun gc
thc vt.
t nhin cha thc vt v tn tch thc
vt. Cc nh vy c th c cc ao, h
vng i nguyn.
phytokarst [11265] : karst chu nh hng ca
sinh vt.
Kiu cnh quan ha tan c hnh thi c to
nn ch yu do s tn cng hoc sinh trng ca
To (Fungi). c c trng bi cc chm tr
hnh rng ca, k qui. N khc vi s ha tan
karst thc th bi hng t do ca chm tr c
tnh n c trng lc v lp ph To en.
phytoleims [11266] : thc vt than ho.
Di tch ho than ca thc vt.
phytopaleontology [11267] : c thc vt hc.
X: paleobotany.
phytophagous [11268] : n thc vt.
Mt sinh vt sinh sng bng cch n
thc vt.
phytoplankton [11269] : thc vt tri ni,
thc vt ph sinh.
Cc dng thc vt ca sinh vt tri ni chng
hn to silic (Diatomae).
Pi circle [11270] : vng trn Pi.
i tp trung cc im chiu cu dng vng
cung trn th thch kin to hoc th khe
nt lp theo phng php chiu cu, in hnh
cho cc cu trc un np.
Pi diagram [11271] : th pi, th .
th thch cu to thnh lp theo phng
php chiu cu ca mt yu t no bng mt
im, cc im ny tp trung thnh mt i gi
l vng trn ln. th PI ca cu trc un np
thnh lp da vo im chiu cu cc mt lp
vung gc vi trc np un.
picked ore [11272] : qung xm tn.
pickeringite [11273] : pickeringit.
Khong vt: MgAl2(SO4)4.22H2O, dng khi,
si mu trng n nht mu.
n: magnesia alum.
picotite [11274] : picotit.
Loi hercynit spinel cha crom mu en nu.
Picotit l ceylonit hoc magnesi-cromit.
n: chromespinel.
picotpaulite [11275] : picotpaulit.
Khong vt: TeFe2S3.
picrite [11276] : picrit.
xm nhp nng, sm mu, cha nhiu
olivin cng vi pyroxen, biotit, c th c
amphibol v t hn 10% plagioclas; ch yu
gm olivin, titanaugit v barkevikit, c hoc
khng c biotit; ch yu gm olivin v augit,
c augit, c hoc khng c biotit, amphibol.
(Thut ng khng nn dng).
picrochromite [11277] : picrocromit.
Khong vt v tr cui ca nhm spinel:
MgCr2O4, l sn phm tng hp.
n: magnesiochromite.
picrocollite [11278] : picrocolit.
Khong vt v tr cui gi nh ca nhm
palygorskit: MgSi3O5(OH)4.2H2O.
picrolite [11279] : picrolit.
Loi khong vt serpentinit dng ct hoc
dng si.
picromerite [11280] : picromerit.
Khong vt mu trng: K2Mg(SO4)2.6H2O.
n: schoenite.
picropharmacolite [11281] :
picropharmacolit.
Khong vt: H2Ca2Mg(AsO4)4.12H2O.
piedmont [11282] : phn chn ni.
Nm hoc hnh thnh chn ni, v d: thm
chn ni, pediment chn ni; mt vng ng
bng, sn, bng h hoc nhng dng khc
chn ni, v d: i hoc ng bng tch t
(bajada).
piedmont alluvial plain [11283] : ng bng
bi tch chn ni.
X: bajada.
piedmont angle [11284] : ch bin i t
ngt ca sn.
Ch gy ca sn gia mt i hoc mt
ng bng, v d: ch gy im ni ca phn
trc ni v pediment chn ni.
piedmont bench [11285] : bc chn ni.
ng bng aluvi chn ni c nng cao
hoc b mt pediment chn ni c bao ra
ngoi bi mt vch nh (vch chn ni).
X: piedmont step.
piedmont benchland [11286] : mt trong s
h thng thm chn ni.
n: piedmonttreppe, piedmont stairway.
piedmont flat [11287] : thm rng chn ni.
n: piedmont step.
piedmont glacier [11288] : bng h chn ni.
Lp ph bng dy, lin tc chn dy
ni, c hnh thnh do s m rng lin kt ca
cc bng h thung lng t cao ln hn ca
468
min ni.
piedmont gravel [11289] : cui chn ni.
Cui th c a t khu t cao hn bi cc ng p in. Tinh th ny khng dn in, nhit
cung lu v cc di m rng trn vng t
bng phng ni tc dng nc b
gim nhanh.
piedmont interstream flat [11290] : bc t
bng trc ni trong lu vc sng.
n: pediment.
piedmont lake [11291] : h trc ni.
H c hnh thun di do bng h chn ni
o vo thnh bn su.
piedmont pediment [11292] : ng bng
gc trc ni.
Thut ng th hin pediment ra v dc
theo chn ni. n: piedmont plain, bajada.
piedmont scarp [11293] : vch trc ni.
Vch mi mn thp, nh th hin trong aluvi
trn sn trc ni, chn v song song vi cc
dy ni dc. N l kt qu ca s bin v b
mt, v d do t gy. n: scarplet.
piedmont slope [11294] : sn thoi chn ni.
Sn thoi chn ni trong vng kh hoc
bn kh, hp thnh pediment (b mt cao hn
ca gc b xi mn) v ng bng tch t
trc ni (b mt thp hn c ngun gc tch
t). X: bajada.
piedmont stairway [11295] : bc thang
chn ni.
X: piedmont benchland.
piedmont step [11296] : thm chn ni.
Thm rng nghing ra ngoi hoc xung
thung lng, n pht trin phn ng vi s
nng cao hoc m rng vm np un. n:
piedmont bench, piedmont plat.
piedmonttreppe [11297] : bc trc ni.
n: piedmont benchland.
piemontite [11298] : piemontit.
Khong vt cha mangan mu sm hoc
nu- nht ca nhm epidot:
Ca2(Al,Mn+2,Fe)3Si3O12(OH). Ss: withamit. Cng
cn vit: piedmontite. n: manganese epidote.
pienaarite [11299] : pienarit.
Malignit giu sphen, trong feldspar l
anortoclas.
pierrepontite [11300] : pierepontit.
Loi turmalin giu st.
pierrotite [11301] : pierotit.
Khong vt: Te2(Sb,As)10S17.
piestic water [11302] : nc c p.
n: confined ground water, artesian water.
piezocrystallization [11303] : kt tinh magma
trong iu kin p sut tng cao.
piezoelectric crystal [11304] : tinh th
p in.
Tinh th nh thch anh hoc turmalin c hiu
v khng c tm i xng.
piezoelectric effect [11305] : hiu ng
p in.
Tinh th pht trin tim nng in theo
phng hng kt tinh khi c sc cng c hc
thch ng hoc c s pht trin sc cng c hc
sau chn ng. Thch anh v turmalin l nhng
tinh th c tnh p in t nhin.
piezometer [11306] : l khoan quan trc, ng
o p.
L khoan hay ng ng vo tng cha nc
o mc nc. n: observation well.
piezometric head [11307] : cao ct p lc.
Chiu cao ct nc dng trn mi tng cha
nc c p.
piezometric level [11308] : mc nc ngm
xc nh bng thit b o p lc nc.
piezometric surface [11309] : mt thy p.
Mt phng ni nh ca cc ct p lc trn
mi ca tng cha nc c p.
n: potentiometric surface.
pigeon's-blood ruby [11310] : ruby mu
mu.
Loi qu ruby mu p nht: cng
mnh, sch, m n ta. Cn vit l
pigeon-blood ruby.
pigeonite [11311] : pigeonit.
Khong vt nhm clinopyroxen:
(Mg,Fe+2, Ca)(Mg,Fe+2)Si2O5, c thnh phn
trung gian gia clinoenstatit v diopsit v cha t
calci, hoc khng c alumin hoc st ha tr 3.
Pigeonit c trng bi gc trc quang nh
(2V=0-30o), l thnh phn ca magma basic.
Ss: augite.
pigment mineral [11312] : khong vt lm vt
liu mu.
Khong vt c gi tr kinh t do lm vt liu
mu, quan trng nht l hematit v limonit.
pikeite [11313] : pikeit.
Peridotit phlogopit cha augit. (Thut
ng c).
pilandite [11314] : pilandit.
Syenit xm nhp nng cha nhiu ban tinh
anortocla trn nn ca anortocla. (Thut ng
khng nn dng).
pilar [11315] : dng ct.
pilite [11316] : pilit.
1- Actinolit gi hnh olivin.
2- Jamesonit khng sch.
pillar [11317] : dng ct.
Thnh to t nhin c dng ging ci ct tr.
469
 pillar reef [11318] : rn san h dng ct.
Rn San h l nhng khi San h rng, mc
ln trn mt khi San h khc, to nn cc ct
cao vng chc cch nhau bi cc hang rng c
xu hng c lp y bi cc trm tch
carbonat mn v lp trm tch ni b th sinh.
pillars [11319] : tr m.
pillow breccia [11320] : dm kt gi.
Tch t cc gi v mnh dung nham vi xi
mng l tuf.
pillow structure [11321] : cu to gi.
Cu trc gp trong mt s phun tro c
trng bi cc khi lin tc dng gi c kch
thc t vi cm n 1m hoc hn (ch yu 30-
60cm). Cc gi phn b rt cht ch. Khong
gia cc gi l khng ng k v lp y bi vt
liu tng t gi, hoc cc trm tch ht vn.
Kch thc ht trong gi gim dn t trung tm
ra ra. Cu to gi c coi l kt qu phun tro
trong mi trng nc, bi l chng thng t
hp vi trm tch bin su.
pillowlava [11322] : dung nham gi.
Thut ng ch cc dung nham to nn cu to
gi trong mi trng nc, thng l basalt
hoc andesit.
pilot channel [11323] : knh dn mi.
Mt trong lot cc ch ct hoc ch i
hng dng chy chuyn mt sng un khc
thnh knh thng ni c dc ln hn. N
c hnh thnh ch rng bt u mt
dng mi.
pilotaxitic [11324] : kin trc pilotaxit.
Kin trc phn nn ca magma ton tinh,
trong cc vi kim plagioclas an dt ln xn
trn nn vi cc khong vt khc.
pilsenite [11325] : pilsenit.
Khong vt c thnh phn nh wehrlit:
Bi4Te3, hp cht vi hesit.
pimelite [11326] : pimelit.
Khong vt st mu xanh to nhm
motmorilonit: (Ni,Mg)3Si4O10(OH)2.4H2O.
n: desaulesite.
pimple [11327] : li, g.
pimple mound [11328] : t li, g.
pimple plain [11329] : ng bng c c
trng bi nhiu t li.
pin [11330] : nh ni.
pinacoidal cleavage [11331] : ct khai hnh
i mt.
Ct khai khong vt song song mt tinh th
hnh i mt, nh ct khai (010) ca thch cao.
pinakiolite [11332] : pinakiolit.
Khong vt mu en: (Mg,Mn+2)2Mn+3BO5,
ng hnh vi orthopinakiolit.
pinch and swell structure [11333] : cu to
khc di.
Cu to thng gp cc mch thch anh v
pegmatit trong cc bin cht, ti mch n
ra hoc tht li thnh tng on.
pinch out [11334] : vt mng.
S kt thc ca mt tng, mch hoc mt th
khc m n thu nh hoc mng dn theo
chiu nm ngang cho n khi mt hn.
pinchite [11335] : pinchit.
Khong vt h thoi: Hg5O4Cl2.
pine-bog peat [11336] : than bn c thnh
to trong m ly.
pinfire opal [11337] : opal sc s nhiu mu.
Opal c nhng mnh mu sc s khc nhau
xp st nhau.
pingo [11338] : i ng kt.
i g c ph bng.
n: boolgoonyakh, pingok.
pinite [11339] : pinit.
Tp hp mica v nh hnh mu xm tro, lc,
nu to bi s thay th cc khong vt khc
(nh cordierit, nephelin, scapolit, spodumen,
feldspar).
pinna [11340] : l cht.
Bc phn chia u tin ca mt l kp lng
chim hay l lc.
pinnacle [11341] : nh nhn, thp nhn.
nh i ni nhn, thp cao mnh nhn u,
ct dng thp hoc ng thc, hoc nh
ni, i.
pinnate [11342] : c l cht.
Kiu l cy c cc l nh hai bn gn gia,
xp sp nh lng chim.
pinnate venation [11343] : h gn lng chim.
Kiu h gn l cy trong cc gn bc hai
xut pht thnh nhng cp song song t gn
chnh (gn gia).
pinnoite [11344] : pinoit.
Khong vt h bn phng, mu vng nht:
MgB2O4.3H2O.
pinnule [11345] : l cht con, l cht bc hai.
Bc phn chia ca mt l cht hay bc phn
chia th sinh ca l kp lng chim hoc ca mt
l lc.
pintadoite [11346] : pintadoit.
Khong vt mu xanh: Ca2V2O7.9H2O.
pipe [11347] : th xm nhp dng ng, ng
dn dung nham di ni la.
pipe amygdule [11348] : hnh nhn dng ng.
Cc hnh nhn dng ng thng phn b
vung gc vi mt y ca dng dung
nham, hnh thnh bi kh, hi nc ca tng
nm di.
470
 pipe clay [11349] : st trng.
St trng do, trn thc t khng cha st,
thch hp cho vic s dng trong ch to tu
thuc l. n: ball clay, cutty clay.
pipe like deposits [11350] : khong sng
thnh to dng ng.
pipe of ore [11351] : ct qung.
Thn qung hoc ct phn qung cng
nghip trong mch.
pipe vein [11352] : mch dng ng, ct; thn
qung hoc ko di.
piping [11353] : si nc, n nc.
Do tc dng ca p lc nc lm ph v kt
cu t.
pirate stream [11354] : dng chy
chuyn dng.
pirated stream [11355] : dng chy b
chuyn dng.
pirquitasite [11356] : pirquitasit.
Khong vt c cu trc kiu stanit v quan h
vi hocartit: Ag2ZnSnS.
pirssonite [11357] : pirsonit.
Khong vt h thoi mu trng n khng
mu: Na2Ca(CO3)2.2H2O.
pisanite [11358] : pisanit.
Khong vt mu xanh: (Fe,Cu)SO4.7H2O, l
loi melanterit cha ng.
pisolite [11359] : pisolit, ht u.
1- (trt) Mt loi trm tch, thng l
vi hnh thnh ch yu t s gn kt ca cc
pisoliths; loi trng c kch thc ln. n :
peastone, pea grit; Thut ng thng c s
dng ch mt pisolith, hoc mt trong nhng
ht u hnh cu.
2- (th) Hnh nhn trong lapili gn kt.
pisolith [11360] : pisolit, pisolith.
Mt trong nhng th nh hnh cu hay elip
trong mt loi trm tch, c kch thc v
hnh dng ging nh ht u v l mt trong
nhng thnh phn ca pisolite. Thnh phn ca
mt pisolit thng l carbonat calci, i khi l
sn phm ca qu trnh sinh ha kt v to.
Kch thc ca mt pisolit thng ln hn v
hnh dng ca n thng km u n hn so
vi cc th trng c, mc d cu trc bn trong
ca n cng c dng ng tm v ta tia.
n : pisolite.
pisolitic [11361] : pisolit.
cp v pisolit hay v kin trc ca mt
loi c cu thnh t cc pisolith hoc cc
ht ging nh ht u. V d : bauxit ht
u,v.v.
pisosparite [11362] : vi pisosparit.
Loi vi cha t nht 25% pisolith v
khng qu 25% vn ni bn, thnh phn xi
mng calcit ton tinh c hm lng vt tri so
vi hm lng nn bn carbonat.
pistacite [11363] : pistacit, epidot.
Khong vt mu xanh.
piston sampler [11364] : thit b ly mu
kiu piston.
pit [11365] : m, bi khai thc; h, ging.
pitch [11366] : nha, dc.
Sn dc, u mi t nh vo vng
cha nc.
pitch opal [11367] : opal nha.
Opal mu vng n nu, cht lng km,
nh nha.
pitch ore [11368] : uraninit; oxid ng.
1- Qung uranit c st c mu t nu n
en. n: pitchblende.
2- Qung oxid ng mu ti.
n: pitchy copper ore.
pitchblende [11369] : pitchblend.
Uraninit dng khi, mu nu n en, thnh
to trong mch sulfit nhit dch, dng ht nh,
v nh hnh hoc vi tinh. Pitchblend cha t
radi, thori v khng cha t him. n: pitch
ore, nasturan.
pitches and flats [11370] : nghing v ngang.
pitching fold [11371] : np un chc u.
Np un nm c mt trc un cong xung.
pitching ore shoots [11372] : tr qung trong
mch c lch ring.
pitching seam [11373] : va dc ng.
pitchstone [11374] : nha.
Thy tinh ni la c b mt ging sp, nha,
c thnh phn v mu thay i, cha nhiu nc
hn obsidian. Cc vi tinh c th xc nh c
trong lt mng.
pitchy copper ore [11375] : oxid ng dng
mu hc n, ti.
S pha trn ca crizocola v limonit.
n: pitch ore.
pit-crater [11376] : chu trng (caldera), ni
la nh.
pit-lake [11377] : h lng cho.
C trong ng bng ra tri.
pit-run [11378] : t khng phn loi.
t c coi l ng nht khai thc v
s dng.
pitted outwash [11379] : ra tri nh.
Qu trnh ra tri bng tan lm chn vi cc
nh cao hoc lng cho c bng h to ra.
pitted outwash plain [11380] : ng bng ra
tri nh.
ng bng ra tri c to nn bi nhiu
trng st, mo m. n: pitted plain.
471
 pitted plain [11381] : ng bng h lm.
n: pitted outwash plain.
pitticite [11382] : piticit.
Khong vt mu nu n vng nht hay
nht, dng khi thn, cha asenat hydro v
sulfat st, thnh phn rt thay i.
n: pizzite, pichy iron ore.
piypite [11383] : piypit.
Khong vt thnh to do thng hoa trong
phun tro: K2Cu2O(SO4)2.
place of setting [11384] : ni tch t.
placement water content [11385] : m
m cht quy nh.
m ca t c quy nh m cht t nh cnh quan ca pediment v thng c
t. m, dung trng t c xc nh t th coi l vy.
nghim m cht trong phng m bo cht
lng m cht ti hin trng.
placer [11386] : sa khong.
Khong sng trn mt t c hnh thnh do
tch t c hc ca cc mnh khong vt do ph
hy, phong ha. Khong vt c tch t thng
l khong vt nng nh vng, casiterit hoc rutil.
n: lead, ore of sedimentation.
placolith [11387] : th tm, placolith.
plagioclase [11388] : plagioclas.
1- Nhm feldspar h ba nghing c cng
thc chung l: (Na,Ca)Al(Si,Al)Si2O8. N c
thnh to t lot dung dch cng:
Ab(NaAlSi3O8) v An(CaAl2Si2O8) nhit
cao. Lot plagioclas c chia thnh nhng
khong vt ph hp vi s tng ln ca thnh
phn An: albit (An O-10), oligoclas (An 10-30),
andesin (An 30-50), labrador (An 50-70),
bytonnit (An 70-90) v anortit (An 90-100). T
s Al/Si vi s tng An t 1:3 n 1:1. Nhng
khong vt plagioclas l nhng khong vt to
ph bin nht, c song tinh c trng v biu
hin phn i ph bin.
2- Khong vt ca nhm plagioclas: albit,
anortit, peristerit v aventurin feldspar.
Ss: alkali feldspar, orthoclase.
n: sodium-calcium feldspar.
plagioclase rock [11389] : plagioclas.
X: anorthosite.
plagioclasite [11390] : plagioclasit.
plagiogranite [11391] : plagiogranit.
magma c hm lng kali thp, c thnh
phn t diorit thch anh n trondiemit.
plagionite [11392] : plagionit.
Khong vt mu xm ch n nht: Pb5Sb3S17.
plagiophyre [11393] : plagiophyr.
magma c kin trc porphyr, ging nh
octophyr nhng cc ban tinh plagioclas nhiu
hn so vi ortocla.
plain [11394] : ng bng.
Mt vng rng hoc hp c cao thp,
bng phng hoc gn sng nh. ng bng c
th c rng cy hoc tr tri, c hnh thnh
do tch t hoc do xi mn.
plain of denudation [11395] : ng bng
bc mn.
plain of lateral planatio [11396] : ng bng
san bng bn sn.
B mt gii hn rt bng phng pht trin
chn ni hoc vch dc do s m rng cc thung
lng v s kt ni cc bi bi, l kt qu ca
lateral planation (sau san bng sn). N tng
plain of marine denudation [11397] : ng
bng mi mn bin.
B mt bng phng hoc gn bng phng b
mi mn, b sng bin ln dn vo t lin.
n: plain of submarine denudation.
plain of marine erosion [11398] : ng bng
xi mn bin.
B mt bng phng l thuyt rng khng hn
ch c thnh to di mc nc bin bi cc
qu trnh bin ct ri xa t lin.
plain of submarine denudation [11399] :
ng bng mi mn bin.
X: plain of marine denudation.
plain tract [11400] : vng t bng phng
rng ln.
Phn thp ca dng chy c dc nh v
bi bi rng.
plains-type fold [11401] : np un kiu vm,
np un ph.
Cu trc c dng np li hoc dng vm ca
nn lc a, khng c ng bao r rt v khng
c np lm tng ng, lin quan vi cnh nng
ca t gy thun.
Plaisancian [11402] : Plaisanci.
Bc chu u, Pliocen h (nm trn Zancli,
nm di Asti).
plan of mine [11403] : s m.
planaas [11404] : ng bng ra tri.
c thnh to nh l mt delta nh bng
trong k nc ng gia hai tng ca bng h
t hm.
planar discontinuities [11405] : khng ct
gin on.
Sc khng ct ca gin on phng (khe nt,
t gy c b mt tng i phng).
planarea [11406] : din phng.
Hai din phng mt pht trin hai bn ca
phn sau v Tay cun.
planate [11407] : san bng.
472
 B mt tr nn bng phng v b phn bc
bi cc qu trnh san bng, vi ngha pediment
l b mt xi mn gn nh bng phng.
planation [11408] : qu trnh san bng.
Cc qu trnh xi mn lm cho b mt Tri
t hoc b mt a hnh h thp ti mc c s
bng phng, c bit l qu trnh san bng
ngang bn sn bi dng chy un khc. Thut
ng cng bao gm c xi mn do sng v dng
bin, mi mn bi bng h hoc gi trong vic
to ra b mt bng phng. Theo ngha rng,
thut ng dng ch cho s h thp chung ca
a hnh, v d: peneplaination, panplanation,
pendiplanation, cryoplanation, altiplanation.
planation surface [11409] : b mt san bng.
X: erosion surface.
plancheite [11410] : plancheit.
Khong vt mu xanh: Cu8Si8O22(OH)4.H2O.
Ss: shatuekite.
plane [11411] : mt phn lp.
X: bedding plane.
plane compression [11412] : nn p phng.
Nn p dc theo cnh ca mt tm phng, to
nn trng thi ng sut phng, tc l khng c
thnh phn ng sut theo chiu vung gc vi
mt phng.
plane failure [11413] : ph hy phng.
Ph hy vi b mt ph hy phng, v d dc
theo mt khe nt, t gy c trc.
plane fault [11414] : t gy phng.
t gy c mt trt phng, khng b un
cong.
plane of isotropy [11415] : mt ng hng.
plane of weakness [11416] : mt gim yu,
mt yu.
plane strain [11417] : bin dng phng.
Bin dng xy ra trong iu kin mt chiu
ca bi ton di ng k so vi hai chiu cn li
(v d con p, hm l, v.v.). Khi , c th gi
thit rng mi mt phng vung gc vi chiu
u c cc iu kin ng sut-bin dng nh
nhau. Bi ton khng gian ba chiu c th rt
gn v hai chiu, tc l xem xt ng sut-bin
dng ca mt lt ct c dy bng mt n v.
plane stress [11418] : ng sut phng.
ng sut trn mt mt phng, khng k n
ng sut theo phng vung gc vi mt phng
ang xem xt.
plane table [11419] : bn a hnh.
c xc nh t cng tc trc c.
plane waves in a three-dimensional medium
[11420] : sng phng trong khng gian
ba chiu.
planispiral [11421] : cun phng, v
cun phng.
C v cun trn mt mt phng, c th l ni
v v Chn bng v Chn u c kiu cun nh
vy, hoc ni v v Trng l c vng cun nm
trn mt mt phng; mt v c kiu cun nh
trn ni.
planktic [11422] : sinh vt tri ni.
X: planktonic.
plankton [11423] : sinh vt tri ni.
Sinh vt di nc sng tri trong dng
nc hoc bi yu t.
planktonic [11424] : sinh vt tri ni.
Cc sinh vt bin khi sng kiu tri ni.
n: planktic.
planning of geological prospecting [11425] :
lp k hoch cng tc thm d a cht.
planning of slope stability studies [11426] :
lp k hoch nghin cu n nh mi dc.
planoconformity [11427] : chnh hp phng.
Thut ng c dng ch mi quan h
gia cc tng chnh hp, tng ng v khong
chiu dy v song song vi nhau mi ni.
plano-convex [11428] : phng-li.
Phng mt bn v li pha bn kia; v d ni
v v Tay cun c mnh lng phng v mnh
bng cong li.
planophyre [11429] : planophyr.
magma kin trc porphyr v planophyric.
planophyric [11430] : kin trc planophyric.
Kin trc porphyric, trong cc ban tinh
phn b thnh lp mng trong phn nn.
plant [11431] : thc vt, cy.
Mt thnh phn ca gii thc vt.
plant indicator [11432] : thc vt ch th.
n: indicator plant.
planula [11433] : u trng dng trng bi
t do.
u trng trong giai on cn non thng
bi t do, nh ca polyp san h, gm mt lp
ngoi b c lng rung v mt khi t bo ni b
nm trong.
planulate [11434] : dt.
Ni v dng v Chn u cun khng cht
v b p dt, c rn rng v mt bng trn.
plastic [11435] : do.
c im d un ca vt cht.
plastic chart [11436] : biu do ca t.
Trn biu ny c th hin ng A, vi
cc khong phn chia loi t. Bng cch a
ln trn bn ny mt s ch s do ca t, v
d gii hn do, gii hn lng, ch s do,... c
th xc nh t thuc loi no, chng hn t
st, t ct hay t bt, v.v.
n: atterberg limits, a-line.
473
 plastic deformation [11437] : bin dng do.
Bin dng xy ra trong mt vt th ang chu
tc ng ca ngoi lc ln hn gii hn chy
do ca n, khin cho vt th khng tr li c
hnh dng, trng thi ban u ca n na sau khi
d ti.
plastic equilibrium [11438] : cn bng do.
plastic flow [11439] : dng chy do.
plastic fluid [11440] : cht lu do.
Cht lu c tc dch chuyn khng t l
vi lc tc dng gy dch chuyn.
plastic index [11441] : ch s do (ca t).
plasticity [11442] : tnh do.
Kh nng bin dng nhng khng b ph hy
ca vt th.
plasticity chart [11443] : biu do ca t.
S d do ca t, c s dng phn loi
t. n: plastic chart.
plasticity index [11444] : ch s do (ca t).
L hiu s gia gii hn chy v gii hn do
ca t. n: plastic index.
plastic limit [11445] : gii hn do (ca t).
Hm lng nc ca mu t b xo trn,
trng thi chuyn tip t do sang trng thi na
cng (c xc nh bng cc th nghim tiu
chun). n: atterberg limits.
plastic range [11446] : vng bin dng do
ca t.
plastic strain [11447] : bin dng do.
n: plastic deformation.
plastic zone [11448] : i bin dng do.
i t chu ti ln hn gii hn chy do
ca chng, sinh ra bin dng do (chuyn v qu
mc n hi), lm mt i trng thi n nh ban
u ca i. V d, i t xung quanh
ng hm.
platarsite [11449] : platarsit.
Khong vt: PtAsS.
plate [11450] : mng.
X: plate tectonics.
plateau [11451] : cao nguyn.
a hnh gn nh bng phng, rng ln, c
cao tng i ln v quy m ln, c nng
cao trn 150-300m so vi xung quanh. N c
gii hn t nht bi mt sn dc ng, c l
mt gn nh bng phng v thng b ct ra
thnh tng mnh bi cc thung lng su. Trn
mt cao nguyn thng c i cao hoc ni. Cao
nguyn thng cao hn v c a hnh ng ch
hn ng bng, cao hn v rng hn so vi
ni mt bn. N c th c ngun gc kin to
tn d hoc ni la. Thut ng cng c dng
cho y bin t nhiu c cc nh bng v c
nng cao khng r rng, thng trn 200m. n:
submarine plateau.
plateau basalt [11452] : platobasalt, basalt
cao nguyn.
Basalt phn b trn din rng dng lp ph
nm ngang, to bi s phun tro nhanh, quy m
khu vc, ch yu l sn phm ca phun tro theo
t gy. n: flood basalt.
plateau eruption [11453] : phun tro plato,
phun tro kiu cao nguyn.
Cc dng phun tro lin tip, tri di dng
lp ph trn din rng.
plateau glacier [11454] : bng h kiu
cao nguyn.
Bng h ni cao ph trn vng rng ln
bng phng v thng trn ln ra ni thnh
bng h treo.
plateau gravel [11455] : cui kiu
cao nguyn.
Lp ph rng dy c cui trn mt, trn
din tch bng phng nh i, cao nguyn
hoc cc vng cao khc cao hn vng c cui
ca thm sng. N c th l trm tch c c
nng ln do vn ng ca Tri t, v c tri
rng ra do xi mn.
plateau mountain [11456] : ni kiu
cao nguyn.
c to nn do cao nguyn chia ct ra
thnh tng khonh.
plateau plain [11457] : ng bng kiu
cao nguyn.
ng bng rng ln c bao quanh bi
mc din tch nh ph v c gii hn bi cc
vch ng.
plate-bearing test [11458] : th nghim bn.
Th nghim bn nn ti hin trng. Th
nghim xc nh cc c im bin dng, hng
s n hi, ln, kh nng chu ti... ca t,
bng cch cht ti ln mt bn nn bng
thp, hnh vung, ch nht hoc trn, kch thc
khong 1m.
plate-boundary [11459] : ranh gii mng.
i hot ng kin to v a chn dc theo
ra ca cc mng thch quyn, ni tip gip gia
cc mng v l ni th hin s chuyn ng
tng i gia cc mng.
plate-juncture [11460] : ranh gii mng.
X: plate boundary.
plate-margin [11461] : ranh gii mng.
X: plate boundary.
plate-tectonics [11462] : kin to mng, kin
to ton cu.
Hc thuyt kin to ton cu, theo thch
quyn c chia thnh cc mng di chuyn
ngang trn quyn mm (asthenosphere), dch
474
chuyn tng i vi nhau, tch ri nhau, ng
, ht chm ln nhau, gy nn hot ng kin
to, a chn dc theo ranh gii gia chng.
Vo u th k 20, xut pht t nhn xt trc
quan, A. Wegener c nim v s tri dt
lc a. T thc t kho st ca cc ngnh khoa
hc v Tri t, hc thuyt kin to mng c
hnh thnh v hon thin, thc s l mt thnh
tu ln ca khoa hc a cht.
platform [11463] : nn, gin khoan.
1- Mt phn ca lc a c cu trc gm hai
phn, phn di l mng kt tinh, phn trn
l lp ph trm tch nm ngang hoc hi
nghing.
2- Gin khoan du kh ngoi bin.
3- Cu to m rng sang hai bn hoc tm
ngang nm dc theo cnh trong hoc cnh ngoi
ca trc trc-sau Rng nn (Conodonta).
Thut ng cng c dng (khng ng) l tm
(plate).
4- Din phng c bm vo Tay cun
(Brachiopoda).
5- y phng ca i San h.
6- Thut ng chung cho mt mc hoc mc
b mt no (thm hoc nn mi mn, rn
ngm hoc mt khonh nh trn mt vch
mi mn, khonh bng phng c nng cao
hn mt t nh t cao nguyn, bn bnh
nguyn hoc mt mt vt xin no ).
platform reef [11464] : rn nn bng.
Rn hu c rng (rng vi km2) c b mt
bng phng; c khi to o.
platidiiform [11465] : dng nhnh r.
Ni v kiu quai tay Tay cun gm cc
nhnh r t b bn l xung vch gia.
platiniridium [11466] : platiniridi.
Khong vt lp phng mu trng bc
(Ir, Pt).
platinite [11467] : platinit.
Khong vt mu en st PbBi2(Se,S)3.
platinum [11468] : bch kim, platin (Pt).
Nguyn t ha hc s 78, nguyn t lng
195,0782; t trng 21,45g/cm3, thuc nhm
nguyn t qu, nng, PGE, siderophil, c 5 ng
v bn v 36 khng bn,. Hm lng Pt trong
cc (ppm): siu mafic 0,003; gabro-basalt
0,0002; phin 0,0002; granit granodiorit
0,00005. Cc khong vt tiu biu l sperylit
(PtAs2), braggit (Pt, Pd, Ni)S, cooperit (PtS),
stumflit Pt(Sb, Bi), nigglit (PtSn). Phng php
phn tch: ICP-MS. Dng Pt trong cc lnh vc
xc tc, dng c trong phng th nghim, ngnh
kim hon.
plattnerite [11469] : platnerit.
Khong vt mu en st: PbO2.
platy flow structure [11470] : cu to tm.
Cu to tm trong magma, to thnh trong
qu trnh h nhit. Cc tm c c im khc
nhau, phn b song song vi b mt tip xc
v thng c lm r hn trong qu trnh
phong ha.
platycone [11471] : v dt.
V cun ca Chn u c dng dt, khng
c ng g v rng ca rn v hnh dng
mt bng.
platynite [11472] : platynit.
Khong vt mu en st, dng tm kim loi
mng ging graphit. n: platinite.
plauenite [11473] : plauenit.
Syenit thch anh giu plagioclas, tng ng
vi monzonit thch anh. Thut ng c.
playa [11474] : h tm thi.
X: playa lake. n: ephemiral lake.
playa lake [11475] : h tm thi.
H nng trong khu vc kh v na kh, cha
nc trong ma ma, cn kit vo ma kh.
n: ephemiral lake.
playfairite [11476] : playfairit.
Khong vt: Pb16Sb18S43.
Pleistocene [11477] : Pleistocen.
Mt th ca k Th t, sau Pliocen v trc
Holocen. Thi gian bt u t 1,6 triu nm
trc n u Holocen tc l 12 000 nm trc
y, tng ng vi thng Pleistocen. Nu coi k
Th t l i th Pleistocen s c xem nh l
k. n: Ice Age; Great Ice Age; glacial epoch;
Diluvium.
pleniglacial [11478] : pha bng h y ca
chu trnh c kh hu.
Trc l pha anaglacial v sau l pha
kataglacial.
pleonastite [11479] : pleonastit.
bao gm spinel v clinoclor bao quanh
cc tinh th corindon.
pleura [11480] : phn sn.
1- Phn bn ca c th ng vt khng
xng sng, v d phn bn ca thn sau ng
vt Ming t (Merostoma).
2- Mt trong hai phn bn ca mi t xng
ngoi ca B ba thy (Trilobita) ko di t trc
ra pha ngoi, phn t ngc hoc ui pha
bn i vi thu trc.
3- Khc sn sau ca ng vt V gip
(Crustacea).
pleuromyarian [11481] : c c bn.
Chn u Nautiloidea c c co rt ca khi
u-chn gn vi v dc mt bn ca phn trong
phng cha thn.
plica [11482] : np, g.
475
 Cc g hoc np song song chy ta tia t
nh xung ra v Thn mm v Tay cun,
xut hin nh s xp np mt trong v mt
ngoi v, v d g v s.
Pliensbachian [11483] : Pliensbach.
Bc do Opel (1858) xc lp theo tn thnh
ph Plienbach ca c, l bc ca thi a tng
quc t, Jura h (nm trn Sinemuri, nm di
Toarci).
plinian eruption [11484]:phun tro kiu plini.
Phun n vi cc dng chy lin tc, tc
ln ca dung nham, kh t ming ni la. c
trng khi lng ln tro ni la v cc ct phun
n (Wilson, 1976).
Pliocene [11485] : Pliocen.
Th mun ca h Neogen, tam, sau
Miocen v trc Pleistocen, ng vi thng
Pliocen do Lyell (1841) xc lp, ko di khong
3,5 triu nm. Nu coi k tam l i th
Pliocen s c xem nh l k.
plocoid [11486] : kt m.
San h su tia qun th c cc n th
phn cch nhau bng vch, nhng kt li vi
nhau bng cc g, m bt hay m xng.
plombierite [11487] : plombierit.
Khong vt: Ca5H2Si6O18.6H2O(?).
plot [11488] : v hnh.
Xy dng mt hnh nh bng cch v cc
ng.
plotter [11489] : my v.
Mt my in to ra cc hnh cht lng cao
bng cch di chuyn cc bt mc trn mt giy.
My in di chuyn bt theo s iu khin ca
my tnh nn vic in thc hin t ng. Cc my
v c dng rng ri trong cng tc thit k
bng my tnh v ha biu din.
pluck side [11490] : sn cy mn.
Sn khut gi ca trn cu b lm chm
v phn bc cy mn do bng h.
plucking [11491] : cy mn.
Qu trnh xi mn bng h lm cho khi
tr nn lng lo, b g ra v b mang ra khi
mng gc. n: quarrying.
plug [11492] : th ng, nt.
1- Th magma dng ng thng ng lp y
hng ni la.
2- Ni la c lp y bi dung nham, cc
vt liu xung quanh b ra tri.
plug dome [11493] : vm ni la.
Vm ni la c trng bi a hnh ni cao
ca ni la ln dng ng (nt).
plumalsite [11494] : plumalsit.
Khong vt: Pb4Al2(SiO3)7.
plumasite [11495] : plumazit.
xm nhp nng ht th, kin trc tha
hnh, c thnh phn khc nhau, ch yu gm
corindon phn b trong cc ht oligiocla.
plumbagine [11496] : qung ch cha bc,
graphit.
plumbago [11497] : cha grafit.
Thut ng c s dng i vi cc cha
graphit, graphit khng tinh khit, v cc khong
vt ging graphit nh molybdenit.
plumbic ocher [11498] : oxid ch mu vng.
plumbline [11499] : phng thng ng.
Hng thng ng, ng thng ng xc
nh bng qu di.
plumboferrite [11500] : plumboferit.
Khong vt h su phng mu ti: PbFe4O7.
Ss: magnetoplumbite.
plumbogummite [11501] : plumbogumit.
1- Khong vt: PbAl3(PO4)2(OH)5.H2O.
2- Nhm nhng khong vt ng cu trc
gm plumbo-gumit, gorceixit, crandalit,
florencit, dusertit quan h vi alunit v nhng
sulfat khc c cng cu trc vi n.
plumbojarosite [11502] : plumbojarosit.
Khong vt nhm alunit: PbFe6(SO4)4(OH)12.
plumbomicrolite [11503] : plumbomicrolit.
Loi microlin cha Pb.
plumbonacrite [11504] : plumbonacrit.
Khong vt: Pb10(CO3)6(OH)6O(?).
plumboniobite [11505] : plumboniobit.
Khong vt mu nu en-n en, thnh
phn hn hp cha niobit ytri, uran, ch, st v
t him. Ging samarskit cha ch.
plumbopalladinite [11506] : plumbopaladinit.
Khong vt h su phng: Pd3Pb2.
plumbopyrochlore [11507] :
plumbopyrochlor.
Khong vt nhm pyroclo:
(Pb,Y,U,Ca)Nb2O5(OH).
plumbotellurite [11508] : plumbotelurit.
Khong vt: PbTeP3, lng tnh vi
fairbankit.
plumbotsumite [11509] : plumbotsumit.
Khong vt: Pb5(OH)10Si4O8.
plume [11510] : plum.
1- Th magma xuyn vo v Tri t t
manti, l nguyn nhn to nn cc im nng
(hot spot);
2- Cc bao th dng lng v trong qu
(m no).
plumose mica [11511] : loi muscovit nh.
X: muscovite.
plumosite [11512] : plumosit.
Khong vt sulfit antimon dng lng, nh
jamesonit v bulangerit. n: plumose ore.
476
 plunge [11513] : nghing, chc, cm,
chm.
nghing ca trc np un hoc ca cc
yu t cu to dng ng, dng tuyn o trong
mt phng thng ng.
plunge basin [11514] : bn nhn chm.
Trng rng su hoc l hng do ra tri y
sng chn thc bi xoy nc cun ca nc
thc. Thng c gi l plunge pool.
plunge of a line [11515] : , gc chi, cm
ca mt ng thng.
plunge of ore-body [11516] : gc thng ng
gia b mt nm ngang v trc thn qung.
plunge pool [11517] : bn nhn chm, nc
bn nhn chm.
H trn su th hin mt bn nhn chm sau
khi thc ngng tn ti hoc dng chy b
lch hng.
n: waterfall lake - bn nhn chm nh su.
plunging anticline [11518] : np li nghing.
Phn cui ca np li, ni cc lp u
nghing ra pha ngoi.
plunging axis [11519] : trc dc cm xung.
plunging cliff [11520] : vch mi mn
nhn chm.
Vch bin ni tip vo nc su c chn nm
mc thp hn.
plunging fold [11521] : np un nghing, np
un cm nghing.
Trc np un cm nghing so vi mt phng
nm ngang thng t 10on 80o.
plunging inclined fold [11522] : np
un nghing.
Np un c mt trc nghing.
plunging normal fold [11523] : np un cm
bnh thng.
Np un c trc cm nghing v mt trc
thng ng.
plunging syncline [11524] : np lm nghing.
Phn cui ca mt np lm, ni th nm cc
lp hng vo mt trung tm.
plurifacial metamorphic rock [11525] :
bin cht a tng.
Mt loi cha nhiu nhm khong vt
bin cht c hnh thnh ti nhiu thi im
khc nhau, vi nhng iu kin T-P khc nhau.
Hai hay nhiu hn hai thi im khc nhau
(pha) ca qu trnh kt tinh bin cht ch
ph thuc mt qu trnh to ni, hoc mt s
trng hp do bin cht li do lm ngui tip
theo sau nh nht. Trong mt s trng hp
khc, ph thuc vo hai hay nhiu giai on to
ni khc nhau.
plush-copper ore [11526] : cuprit dng si
(chalcotrichit).
Pluto [11527] : Sao Dim Vng.
pluton [11528] : xm nhp su.
1- Pluton, th xm nhp su;
2- Th to bi bin cht trao i;
3- Gi chung cho cc hnh thnh ban u
su v c kin trc granit.
plutonic [11529] : xm nhp su.
1- Thuc v cc magma hnh thnh su;
2- Thuc v cc hnh thnh bi cc qu
trnh su.
plutonic cognate ejecta [11530] :
Cc mnh kt tinh di su, nhng c
a ln b mt bng qu trnh phun tro.
plutonic deposit [11531] : m qung pluton.
Lin quan ngun gc vi xm nhp su.
n: intrusive deposit.
plutonic event [11532] : thi k pht trin
xm nhp su.
Thi k tp trung cc tui ng v cc
magma; Thut ng ny cn ch "giai on
to ni".
plutonic metamorphism [11533] : bin cht
xm nhp su.
Bin cht khu vc su ln, nhit , p
sut cao, thng km theo bin v mnh m,
hnh thnh cc batolit xm nhp, bin cht trao
i, ra la nng chy v xm nhp.
plutonic nodule [11534] : plutonic nodul, bao
th pluton.
X: nodule.
plutonic rock [11535] : pluton, xm
nhp su.
to thnh su tng i ln kt tinh
magma hoc thay th ha hc. thng c ht
trung bnh n th, kin trc granitoit.
plutonic water [11536] : nc nguyn sinh.
Nc trong hoc c hnh thnh t
magma di su vi km.
n: magmatic water, juvenile water.
plutonism [11537] : thuyt ho thnh.
1- Thut ng dng cho cc hin tng lin
quan n s hnh thnh pluton;
2- Thuyt Ha thnh cho rng Tri t hnh
thnh t magma kt tinh.
plutonist [11538] : ngi theo thuyt
ha thnh.
plutonite [11539] : xm nhp su, plutonit.
X: plutonic rock.
plutonium [11540] : plutoni (Pu).
Nguyn t ha hc s 94, nguyn t lng
244; t trng 19,84g/cm3, thuc nhm kimloi
nng, dy actinit, c 18 ng v khng bn.
c dng trong ngnh ht nhn nguyn t.
477
 pluvial [11541] : ma.
1- Ni v thi tit.
2- V thi k a cht, s thay i qu trnh
trm tch hoc dng a hnh do tc dng ca
ma, c ngha l bc mn do ma.
3- V kh hu c mt lng ma ln hoc
mt khong thi gian c mt kiu kh hu km
u th. Trc y, giai on bng h t c
coi l ngang bng vi thi k gian bng, hin
nay cc khong ma c coi l cc gian bng.
pluvial lake [11542] : h ma.
H c hnh thnh trong thi k c ma ro
khc thng, h hnh thnh trong th Pleitocen,
trong thi gian tin trin bng h hin nay hoc
cht, hoc tn ti di dng di tch.
pluviofluvial [11543] : dng chy do ma.
Hot ng ca nc ma v dng chy, v
d: bc mn nc ma-dng chy.
pluviometer [11544] : v k.
Dng c o lng ma.
pneumatic caisson [11545] : ging chm
hi p.
pneumatic diaphragm transducers [11546] :
b cm bin c mng ngn.
B cm bin c mng ngn hot ng trn c
s thay i p sut kh.
pneumatic tyred roller [11547] : thit b m
t vi bnh hi.
pneumatically applied concrete (mortar)
[11548] : bm pht b tng (va) bng kh
nn.
pneumatogene [11549] : kh thnh.
Phn vt cht th kh lin sau khi magma
kt tinh.
pneumatogenic [11550] : ngun gc
kh thnh.
S hnh thnh cc v khong vt t cc
cht kh.
pneumatolite [11551] : vt cht kh thnh.
pneumatolysis [11552] : qu trnh kh thnh.
S bin i cc hoc kt tinh khong vt
bi cc cht kh phn tch t qu trnh kt tinh
magma.
pneumatolytic [11553] : kh thnh.
1- Cc , khong vt to thnh trong qu
trnh kh thnh;
2- Cc sn phm hnh thnh t cc cht kh
gn ni la;
3- Giai on phn d magma gia giai on
pegmatit v nhit dch;
4- Kt qu bin cht tip xc cc vy
quanh cc xm nhp su;
5- Qung ngun gc kh thnh.
pneumatolytic deposit [11554] : m (khong
sng) kh thnh.
M qung c hnh thnh lin quan vi vt
cht th kh tn d sau khi magma kt tinh.
pneumatolytic differentiation [11555] : phn
d kh thnh.
Phn d magma bi qu trnh vn chuyn,
trao i kh.
pneumatolytic metamorphism [11556] : bin
cht kh thnh.
Cc xm nhp cng cc vy quanh b
bin cht trao i mnh bi hot tnh ha hc
cc kh magma.
pneumatolytic replacement [11557] : ti lng
ng kh thnh.
pneumatolytic stage [11558] : giai on
kh thnh.
Giai on trong qu trnh ng kt magma,
trong c s cn bng gia cc pha kh
v cng.
pneumatomorphic [11559] : dng kh thnh.
pneumatophere [11560] : ti kh.
pocket [11561] : ti, .
1- Mt biu hin hoc mt m qung khng
lin tc, nh. V d khe nt cha khong ha .
2- S lm giu mang tnh cht a phng
ca khong sng qung.
3- Ni ng kn hoc hang hc dc b bin,
v d: ch lm gia cc ni vch ng hoc
vng trn b khut gi. Ti nc y ca dng
chy c nc theo chu k. Hc trong ni. Cc
ch rng do ha tan trn, tng hoc y hang
ng. n: belly.
pocket barometer [11562] : kh p k b ti.
pocket beach [11563] : bi bin dng ti.
Bi bin nh, hp hnh thnh cc vng dc
b, thng c hnh li lim, l ct chn lc tt
v cui. n: bayhead beach.
pocket of magma [11564] : ti magma,
magma.
pocket of molten rock [11565] : l magma, l
nng chy.
pocket of ore [11566] : ti qung, qung
giu ring l.
pocket segregation [11567] : phn chia
dng .
pocket valley [11568] : thung lng hnh ti.
Thung lng c mt u b ng kn bi cc
tng dc ng, chn ca n nc ngm chy
ra nh mt ngun nc. n: blind valley.
pockety [11569] : xm tn ngu nhin vy
quanh hoc qung giu.
pod [11570] : dng qu u, dng thn.
1- Thn qung dng ht u, hnh que, thu
knh, ko di.
478
 2- Cc th dng qu u nm trong phin
c chiu di song song vi mt phn phin.
3- Trng rt nng c ng knh khong
10km, c cc h c nc theo chu k. N c th
ch th tch t lt, a hnh trc lt, thi mn
hoc ha tan.
podial pore [11571] : dng ht u ko di.
Thn qung, c dng ht u ko di hoc
dng hnh que ko di. V d cromit trong
peridotit kiu anpi.
poikilitic [11572] : kin trc poikilit, kin
trc khm.
Kin trc ca magma, trong cc ht
nh ca mt khong vt (v d nh plagioclas)
phn b trong cc tinh th ln hn ca khong
vt khc (pyoxen) gi l khong vt ch.
poikilo [11573] : poikilo, lm m.
Tip u ng c ngha lm m.
poikiloblast [11574] : poikiloblast, khm ban
bin tinh.
Ban tinh hnh thnh trong qu trnh bin cht,
cha nhiu bao th cc ht ca khong vt khc.
poikiloblastic [11575] : kin trc khm ban
tinh.
poikilocrystallic [11576] : kin trc khm
topic.
X: poikilotopic.
poikilophitic [11577] : kin trc khm ofit.
c trng cc que, tm plagioclas hon ton
nm gn trong cc tm pyroxen tha hnh.
poikilotope [11578] : poikilotop.
Tinh th ln cha cc tinh th nh hn ca
khong vt khc to nn kin trc khm topic; v
d tm calcit cha cc tinh th nh dolomit, tinh
th thch cao cha nhiu ht thch anh v
feldspar.
poikilotopic [11579] : kin trc khm topic.
c trng cho carbonat ti kt tinh hoc
cc trm tch ha hc, trong khong vt to
c hai c kch thc, cc tinh th ln cha
cc tinh th nh hn ca khong vt khc.
point [11580] : im; nh ni; doi t; hng
(kim a bn); n v trng lng ca kim
cng, qu, tng ng vi 1/100 cara hoc
0,2 mg.
point bar [11581] : doi li lim.
Doi ct hnh li lim thnh to do s tch t
ca ct, cui, si phn trong khc un ca
dng chy (sng).
point bar deposit [11582] : bn cha cc doi
ct li lim.
point diagram [11583] : th im, th
thch hc cu to, kin to vt l.
th trn biu din cc cu to dng
ng, hoc php tuyn ca cu to mt bng
im theo phng php chiu cu.
point load [11584] : ti trng im, ti trng
tp trung.
Ti trng tp trung ti mt v tr, mt im,
khc vi ti trng phn b u.
point load test [11585] : th nghim cht
ti im.
Trong trng hp khng trang thit b
tin hnh th nghim nn n trc, hoc khng
cn bit chi tit v c im ng sut-bin dng
trong iu kin nn n trc ca mu m ch
cn c nh sc bn cc i ca n, c th lm
th nghim cht ti im qua gin tip xc
nh sc bn nn n trc. Ngi ta t mt
on li khoan vo gia hai mi thp cng ca
thit b cht ti im. Bng cch xc nh lc P,
ti li khoan b v do p sut cc i ghi
c trn ng h o v tit din bit ca pt
tng, c th tnh c ch s chu ti im theo
cng thc: Is=P/D2 vi D l ng knh li
khoan. Sau mt s ln th nghim (khong
100ln), kt qu trung bnh c th i snh vi
sc bn nn n trc ca mu . Vi D=50mm,
Broch v Franklin (1972) xut cng thc i
snh l: c 24Is. Bieniawski (1975) xut
cng thc hiu chnh nu D 50 mm nh sau:
c (14+0.175D)Is. Th nghim cht ti im
cng c dng tnh sc bn ko ca .
Ch s Is gn bng khong 0,8 ln sc bn nn
n trc.
point maximum [11586] : vng cc i.
Vng c mt im cao nht trong th
chiu cu.
point of horse [11587] : im phn nhnh ca
mch qung.
point resistance [11588] : sc chu ti mi
cc.
point-bearing pile [11589] : cc chng.
Sc chu ti ca cc ph thuc ch yu vo
sc chu ti ca t hoc v tr mi cc. Sc
chu ti do ma st bn c b qua.
n: end bearing pile.
poised stream [11590] : dng chy cn bng.
Dng chy khng xi mn cng khng tch
t trm tch.
Poissons ratio [11591] : h s Poison.
L t s gia bin dng bn v bin dng dc
trc. Trong c hc n hi, h s Poisson l mt
i lng quan trng, cng vi h s n hi
Young xy dng nn ma trn cng c trng
ca mi loi t . i vi hu ht cc loi t
, h s Poisson bin i trong khong 0,1-0,4,
ch yu trong khong 0,2-0,3. Khi bin dng
479
chy do xy ra, h s Poisson mt i ngha
ca n v tng dn, c khi ln gn n 1,0.
poitevinite [11592] : poitevinit.
Khong vt: (Cu,Fe,Zn).SO4.H2O.
pokrovskite [11593] : pokrovskit.
Khong vt: Mg2(CO3)(OH)2.0,5H2O.
polar axis [11594] : trc cc.
ng thng tng tng ni hai cc ca bo
t v ht phn.
polar desert [11595] : hoang mc cc.
Hoang mc c v cao ni hin ti hi nc
b ng thnh bng, do khng thun li cho
s pht trin ca cy ci.
polar lake [11596] : h vng cc.
H c nhit b mt khng vt qu 400C.
polar net [11597] : li cc.
Dng tnh s cc trong mi mt li, phc
v cho vic v cc ng ng mc mt cc.
Hay gp trong php chiu lp th, khi cc mt
phng (chng hn ca cc khe nt) c biu
din di dng cc cc ca chng.
polar symmetry [11598] : cc i xng.
Loi i xng tinh th, trong trc kt tinh
trung tm khng i xng.
polarite [11599] : polarit.
Khong vt: Pd(Bi,Pb).
polarity chron [11600] : thi cc tnh.
L n v c bn ca thi gian a cht c
c trng bng khong thi gian ca thi i
cc tnh, l n v trung gian gia superchron v
subchron trong h thng phn loi i cc tnh.
polarity chronozone [11601] : i cc tnh.
L n v c bn phn loi thi a tng cc
tnh ton cu, gm cc c cc tnh nguyn
thy ring bit.
polarity epoch [11602] : th cc tnh.
L thi gian m phn ln hoc ton b t
trng ca Tri t c cng mt cc.
polarity event [11603] : s kin cc tnh, ph
i cc tnh.
n: polarity subchron.
polarity interval [11604] : khong cc tnh.
n v c bn phn loi thi a tng
cc tnh ton cu. Thut ng ch dng cho ,
khng dng cho thi gian, thng theo ngha
khng gian.
polarity period [11605] : k cc tnh, lin thi
cc tnh.
n: polarity superchron.
polarity reversal [11606] : o cc tnh.
L hin tng nghch o cc tnh t.
polarity rock - stratigraphic unit [11607] :
n v cc tnh thch a tng (thch a tng
cc tnh).
polarity subchron [11608] : ph thi cc tnh
(phn thi cc tnh).
L mt phn ca thi cc tnh.
polarity subchronozone [11609] : ph thi
i cc tnh (phn thi i cc tnh).
L mt phn ca thi i cc tnh.
polarity superchron [11610] : lin thi cc
tnh (hp thi cc tnh).
L n v di nht ca thi cc tnh, gm
mt s thi cc tnh.
polarity superchronozone [11611] : lin thi
i (hp thi i) cc tnh.
L tp hp ca mt s thi i cc tnh.
polarity transition-zone [11612] : i chuyn
tip cc tnh (i cc tnh chuyn tip).
L khong a tng ln hn 1 m ghi nhn
c s thay i cc tnh t.
polarity zone [11613] : i cc tnh, min
cc tnh.
L n v c bn phn loi cc tnh t ca
, chng c c trng bi cc du hiu cc
tnh t.
polarity-chronologic unit [11614] : phn v
thi cc tnh.
Phn v thi gian c phn bit trn c s
du n ca cc tnh t tiu biu cho mt phn v
thi a tng cc tnh. Phn v thi cc tnh
tng ng v thi gian vi i cc tnh.
polarity-chronostratigraphic unit [11615] :
phn v thi a tng cc tnh (phn v cc tnh
thi a tng).
Tp hp c du n cc tnh t quan trng
nht, c ghi li trong mt khong thi gian
a cht nht nh khi c tch t hoc
kt tinh.
polarity-reversal horizon [11616] : tng cc
tnh o.
Mt b mt c kh nng xc nh d dng
hoc tp hp c chiu dy khng ln hn 1m
ghi nhn c s bin i cc tnh t. Cc tng
cc tnh o hoc cc i chuyn tip cc tnh
to thnh ranh gii di v ranh gii trn ca
cc i cc tnh.
polarizer [11617] : nicol phn cc.
Thit b phn cc nh sng trong knh hin
vi. C th l lng knh nicol hoc polaroid.
Ss: analyzer. n: nicol.
polarizing microscope [11618] : knh hin vi
phn cc.
Knh hin vi s dng nh sng phn cc
phn tch lt mng thch hc. Hai lng knh:
mt trn v ci khc di bn knh, gi l
nicol phn cc v nicol phn tch.
polarizing prism [11619] : lng knh
phn cc.
480
 X: nicol prism.
polder [11620] : polder.
Vng t thp hn mc nc bin c quay
ln ra bin nh h thng chn bin thnh
t v canh tc (thng thy H Lan, B). T
ny cng thng c dng ch vng t
quay ln ra mt thy vc ni a.
polderland [11621] : polderland.
n: polder.
pole [11622] : im chiu cu, im chiu cc,
cc (Tri t); cc.
1- im c xc nh theo phng php
chiu cu khi nghin cu cu to ng, php
tuyn cc cu to mt hoc phng pht trin
ca tinh th. im c xc nh trn th
thch cu to da vo s phn b ca tp hp
cc im c dng ai vng trn ln.
2- (cs) im cui trc ca bo t v ht phn
chy t tm ca b bn gc n gia cnh xa
ca ht, l tm ca cc b mt xa v gn tm.
Thut ng gip ch nht cho phn Ht kn.
pole chain [11623] : chui cc.
pole representing a plane [11624] : php tm
cc ca mt mt phng.
Trong php chiu cu lp th, cc ca mt
mt phng c tm bng cch dng mt ng
thng t tm ca hnh cu, vung gc vi mt
phng ang xt. ng thng ny ct hnh cu
ti 2 im. Ty thuc vo php chiu lp th s
dng bn cu trn hoc di m mt trong 2
im ni trn tr thnh cc ca mt phng. Sau
, phi thc hin mt s bc biu din
im ny trn cc li ng din hoc ng gc.
poling board [11625] : tm bo v, bn
bo v.
polkovicite [11626] : polkovicit.
Khong vt h lp phng, hnh thnh t lot
dung dch cng ca morozeviczit:
(Fe, Pb)3 (Ge,Fe)1-xS4.
pollen [11627] : phn hoa.
Th giao t hin vi a bo ca cy c ht b
bao bi vch tiu bo t. Ht phn ho thch
gm ton b vch tiu bo t hay mng ngoi,
t th vi giao t thot ra trc hoc trong qu
trnh ho . Thut ng "pollen" l mt danh t
tp hp khng nn dng a pollen.
pollen analysis [11628] : phn tch phn hoa.
Mt nhnh ca mn bo t phn hoa hc
nghin cu cc trm tch t (nht l
Pleitocen mun v hu bng h) bng cch dng
biu phn hoa v bn ng ng phn non hoc bo t ci.
ch phong ph tng i ca cc loi phn
khc nhau trong khng gian v thi gian, v d
xc nh s phn trm tn s xut hin ht phn
thc vt rng trong cc lp m ly than bn v
h nh phng tin nh tui ho thch. c
dng nh mt cng c ca a nin i v c
sinh thi.
pollen diagram [11629] : biu phn hoa.
Mt biu v s phong ph ca phn hoa
ch s bin i a tng; ni ng ra l s biu
din bng th s phong ph tng i ca cc
ging phn hoa v bo t khc nhau nhng
mc ni tip nhau thuc cc mu trm tch c
nghin cu bng phn tch phn hoa.
n: pollen profile.
pollen grain [11630] : ht phn hoa.
Ht phn hoa ring l.
pollenite [11631] : polenit.
Phonolit cha olivin, ng thi cha cc ban
tinh sanidin, plagioclas, nephelin, clinopyroxen,
amphibol, biotit trn nn c thy tinh. (Thut
ng khng nn dng).
pollen mother cell [11632] : t bo phn
hoa m.
Mt t bo m do sinh trng m phn ra
thnh bn t bo con, mi t bo con pht trin
thnh mt ht phn hoa.
pollen profile [11633] : biu phn hoa.
X: pollen diagram.
pollen sac [11634] : ti phn hoa.
B phn c dng ti, cy c ht cha
phn hoa.
pollen spectrum [11635] : ph phn hoa.
ng nm ngang mt biu phn hoa
ch t l phn trm ca tt c ging loi bo t
phn hoa gp trong mt mu.
pollen symbol [11636] : k hiu phn hoa.
Mt k hiu s dng trong biu phn hoa
t biu din mt ging hay mt nhm
thc vt v c s dng nh mt k hiu quc
t thng nht.
pollen tube [11637] : ng phn.
Phn ko di dng ng pht trin t v mt
ht phn v th ra qua mt trong cc ca khi ht
phn ny mm qua tip xc vi mt nm nhu
ca thc vt c hoa hoc vi ti bo t ci ca
thc vt ht trn. ng phn tc ng nh c
quan hp th thc n thc vt c ht h ng
nh l Tu, nhng thc vt c hoa, chc nng
u tin ca n l dn nhn n gn th giao t
ci a n s th phn.
pollination [11638] : th phn.
S th phn ca mt cy c ht, c th l s
chuyn ht phn t nh hoa hoc bao phn n
pollucite [11639] : polucit.
Khong vt zeolit khng mu, trong sut
(CsNa)2Al2Si4O12.H2O. To thnh khi hoc khi
481
lp phng v c s dng nh l qu.
n: pollux.
pollutant [11640] : cht gy nhim.
n: contaminant.
pollution [11641] : nhim (nhim bn).
n: contamination.
pollux [11642] : polux.
n: (ngha c) pollucite.
polonium [11643] : poloni (Po).
Poloni tn Latinh l polonium, nguyn t
phng x nhm VI h tun hon Mendeleep, s
th t 84, ng v t nhin sng lu nht c s
khi l 210. Po l nguyn t mi u tin c
tch ra t qung urani. Ngy 18-7-1898, Pierre
Curie v Marie Sklodovska Curie thng bo
trong Hi ngh Vin Hn lm khoa hc Pari vic
tm ra nguyn t Po v c t tn l polonium
t lng qu trng nc Ba Lan, t quc ca
b M. Sklodovska.
Po c rt t trong v Tri t, bng 2.10-15%
trng lng, t hn radi gn 5000 ln. Ton b
Po l do phn r phng x cc ht nhn sng lu
ca U v Th sinh ra. Tt c 36 ng v ca Po
u c i sng ngn. Chu k bn r ca 209Po
nhn to bn nht l 103 nm. Nm 1946, ch
c Po kim loi mu trng bc, mm, khi
lng ring 9,3 g/cm3, nhit nng chy l
254oC, nhit si l 1162oC. Trong hp cht
Po c cc s oxy ha -2, +2, +4 v +6. Ngy
nay, iu ch Po bng cch tng hp ht nhn t
cc ng v ca bismut. Po210 dng trong in
ng v.
polyargyrite [11644] : polyargyrit.
Khong vt mu xm n en:
(Ag24,Sb2S15(?).
polyaxial compression test [11645] : th
nghim nn a trc, th nghim nn ba trc
thc th.
Trong th nghim ny, ba ng sut chnh
khc nhau ng thi tc ng ln ba cp mt
bn ca mu vt hnh lp phng. y hu nh
l th nghim duy nht c kh nng tm hiu
ton b mt cong sc bn trong khi vn bo m
c trng thi ng sut ng nht trong mu.
Tuy nhin, th nghim li rt kh tin hnh, v
rt kh trnh c nh hng tng h gia cc
a nn. Th nghim nn a trc c th tin hnh
kim tra nh hng ca ng sut chnh trung
gian ti sc bn t . Hu ht cc tiu chun
sc bn thc nghim u c biu din bng
quan h gia cc ng sut chnh cc i v cc
tiu, vi gi thit rng ng sut chnh trung gian
c nh hng khng ng k n sc bn t .
Ngc li, kt qu th nghim nn a trc cho
thy ng sut chnh trung gian c th tng ng
k sc bn ca t .
polyaxial stress [11646] : ng sut a trc.
n: stress; polyaxial compression test.
polybarite [11647] : polybarit.
Khong vt mu en st n xm thp:
(Ag,Cu)16Sb2S11. Ss: pearceit.
polybasite [11648] : polybasit.
Khong vt bc trng ging kim loi c mu
t st en n thp xm (AgCu)16Sb2S11.
polyclase [11649] : polyclas.
Khong vt mu en:
(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th) (Ti,Nb,Ta)2O6, ng ngha
vi euxenit v c trong pegmatit granit.
polycrase [11650] : policras.
Khong vt mu en:
(Y, Ca, Ce, U, Th) (T1,Nb,Ta)2O6. ng hnh
vi euxenit v to thnh trong granit pegmatit.
polycrystal [11651] : a tinh th.
Tp hp cc lot tinh th ca khong vt,
hnh dng, kch thc, s nh hng hoc ranh
gii kt hp vi nhau trong dung dch cng. Ss:
glomerocryst.
polydymite [11652] : polydymit.
Khong vt ca nhm linaeit.
polygene [11653] : a ngun gc, a sinh.
n: polygenesis; polygenic.
polygenetic [11654] : a sinh, a ngun.
1- , qung hnh thnh do hai hoc nhiu
qu trnh, hnh thnh v pht trin trong nhiu
ni, nhiu giai on.
2- Thnh to a cht gm nhiu ngun, kiu
vt liu. V d cui kt gm cc vt liu t
nhiu ngun khc nhau.
polygeosyncline [11655] : a a mng.
ai cu trc gm cc a mng v a vng
nm dc theo ra lc a.
polygonal ground [11656] : t nn a din,
t a din.
polygonal karst [11657] : karst a din.
n: cockpit karst.
polyhalite [11658] : polyhalit.
Khong vt: K2MgCa2(SO4)4.2H2O, mu
gch n mu r st.
polylithionite [11659] : polylithionit.
Loi mica lepidolit khi tm mt ba c cng
thc l thuyt: K(Li2Al)Si4O10(F,OH)2.
polymere [11660] : a khong.
Khi nim p dng (theo Rosenbusch, 1898)
cho ni la c 2 hoc nhiu khong vt.
n: polygene; polymineralic.
polymetallic [11661] : a kim.
Cc m cha khi lng t 3 hoc nhiu kim
loi quan trng c ngha kinh t.
polymetamorphism [11662] : bin cht a k.
482
 Bin cht nhiu pha, phc tp, hai hoc
nhiu s kin bin cht li du n trn cng
mt . Bin cht chng ln c th mc
thp hn hoc cao hn so vi mc bin cht
trc .
polymignyte [11663] : polymignyt.
Khong vt mu en: (Ca,Fe+2,Y,Zr,Th)
(Nb,Ti,Ta,Fe+3)O4.
polymineralic [11664] : a khong.
Mt loi gm 2 hoc nhiu khong vt.
c bit ni v ni la gm nhiu khong vt
ch yu. n: polygene; polymere.
polymorphic [11665] : a hnh.
Kh nng ca vt cht kt tinh khi nhn t
bn ngoi thay i (ch yu l nhit ) to nn
cc kin trc tinh th khc nhau, c nhng tnh
cht vt l khc nhau, gi l tnh a hnh ca
tinh th.
polymorphic modification [11666] : bin th
a hnh.
n: polymorphic.
polymorphism [11667] : hin tng a hnh,
tnh a hnh.
c tnh ca vt th ha hc kt tinh trong
nhiu dng, nh sulfit h thoi v n nghing.
Nhng dng ny gi l bin th a hnh.
polymorphous [11668] : a hnh.
n: polymorphic.
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)
[11669] : hydrocarbon thm a nhn.
Cc cht hu c gm 2 hoc nhiu nhn
benzen, trong cc nhn tip gip nhau c
chung 2 nguyn t carbon, cng c th c cc
nhn khng thm.
polyp [11670] : polyp.
C th Rut khoang in hnh c mt thn
rng v hnh ng hay hnh ct kt thc pha
trn bng mt ming trung tm c xc tu bao
quanh, u di kn v bm xung y (nh
ging Hydra) hoc t nhiu lin tc bm trc
tip vi cc c th khc ca mt ng vt qun
th (nh phn ln San h).
polypide [11671] : b phn thay th nh k.
Cc b phn ca c th t dng ng vt
dng Ru (Bryozoa) nh k rng i v mc li,
nh xc tu, mng xc tu, h c lin kt v hch
thn kinh.
polyquartz [11672] : polyquart.
Nhm khong vt c gc:
Al(PO4), Al(AsO4), B(PO4), v.v.
polyschematic [11673] : a hnh.
Ni v cc khong sng c nhiu yu t
kt cu.
polysomatic chondrule [11674] : thin thch
dng cu a khong.
polysynthetic twinning [11675] : song tinh
a hp.
Song tinh lp li ca ba hoc nhiu n tinh
cng c mt lut song tinh v song song vi mt
tip hp, nh song tinh albit ca plagioclas.
Ss: cyclic twinning.
polytypism [11676] : a dng.
c tnh ca mt khong vt kt tinh
thnh nhiu dng nh c nhiu cch sp xp
nguyn t.
polzenite [11677] : polzenit.
Cc thuc nhm lamprophyr, c olivin,
melilit. V d modlibovit, luhite, vesecit. (Thut
ng khng nn dng).
pond [11678] : vng nc.
Trng nh trn mt t cha nc nht, c
kch thc nh hn h.
pongo [11679] : khe hm, o.
Khe hm ct qua sng ni. Ch cn hp v
nguy him.
pontoon bridge [11680] : cu phao.
ponzaite [11681] : ponzait.
Trachyt cha v khng cha feldsparoit
(Reinish, 1912). (Thut ng khng nn dng).
ponzite [11682] : ponzit.
Trachyt khng cha feldsparoit, cha
pyroxen vi rim acmit, acmit-angit, biotit v
maphibol c th c dng ban tinh. (Thut ng
khng nn dng).
pool [11683] : din tch cha du, vng.
S tch t di mt t ca du hoc kh
trong cc c l rng v thm qua c.
n: oil pool, gaz pool.
pool spring [11684] : mch vng.
Mch nc c ngun cp su, i khi lin
quan vi t gy, to nn mt vng nc.
porate [11685] : c l.
Nhng ht phn c mt hay nhiu l trn
mng ngoi.
porcelain clay [11686] : st trng.
Mt loi st thch hp cho s dng trong sn
xut poclan, st gm s hoc st trng.
porcelain jasper [11687] : ngc bch dng s.
St khng tinh khit, rm t nhin, cng hoc
mt loi st m t lu c quan nim l mt
dng ca m no v mu ca n.
porcelaneous chert [11688] : silic dng s.
silic trn nhn, c hoc thu quang t,
ging vi s.
porcelanite [11689] : s.
n: porcellanite.
porcellanite [11690] : s.
silic c kin trc, nh, cng, vt v v
483
mt ging vi s trng men. Thut ng ny
dng cho silic khng sch, st, phin
st b thiu chy ra cc va than chy
hoc tuf acid ht mn, gn kt bi silic th sinh.
pore [11691] : l rng, khe rng.
1- (cs) Nhng ch mng i hoc thng ca
mng ngoi thng hnh trn hoc t nhiu c
hnh bu dc. L c th ng mt mnh hoc kt
hp vi rnh dc.
2- Th tch rng gia cc ht t.
pore pressure [11692] : p lc nc l rng.
p lc ca nc, hi nc trong cc l rng
trong t, . n: pore water pressure.
pore water [11693] : nc l hng.
pore-water pressure [11694] : p lc nc
l rng.
pore-water pressure in mine backfill
[11695]: p lc nc l rng trong bi thi
m.
poriferan [11696] : Bt bin (Porifera).
X: sponge.
Porlandian [11697] : Porland.
Bc chu u. Phn trn cng ca Jura (nm
trn Kimmeridg, nm di Purbeck-Tithon).
porosity [11698] : l hng, rng.
T l phn trm gia th tch cc l hng (k
c l hng kn v h), vi th tch chung ca t
, c biu th bng %.
porosity index [11699] : ch s l rng.
porous [11700] : c c tnh rng.
porpezite [11701] : porpezit.
Khong vt hp kim t nhin ca vng v
cha 5-10% paladi. n: palladium gold.
porphyrite [11702] : porphyrit.
Cc magma m ban tinh ch c plagioclas,
khng c feldspar kali.
porphyritic [11703] : kin trc porphyrit.
Kin trc cc magma, trong cc
ban tinh phn b trn nn kt tinh hoc c c
thy tinh.
porphyro aphanitic [11704] : kin trc
porphyrit n tinh.
Kin trc ca magma, ch yu ca
phun tro, trong cc ban tinh phn b trn
nn n tinh.
porphyroblast [11705] : ban bin tinh.
Ban tinh trong bin cht.
porphyroblastic [11706] : kin trc ban
bin tinh.
Cc ban bin tinh ln (grana, andaluzit,v.v.)
trn nn ht vy bin tinh ht mn, nh,v.v.
porphyroclast [11707] : ban bin tinh c nt.
Ban bin tinh c trn nn ht mn ti kt tinh
hoc b nghin mn.
porphyroclastic [11708] : kin trc bin tinh
c nt.
Kin trc ht khng ng nht ca bin
cht, trong c c ban bin tinh c nt v ban
bin tinh mi.
porphyroclastic structure [11709] : cu trc
c nt.
n: mortar structure.
porphyrogranulitic [11710] : kin trc ht
porphyr.
Kin trc ophit c trng bi cc ban tinh
ln feldspar v augit hoc olivin trn nn gm
cc tm que feldspar, ht augit. L s kt hp
ca kin trc ht v kin trc porphyr.
porphyroid [11711] : porphyroid.
bin cht khu vc mc thp t cc
magma hoc trm tch giu feldspar, c kin
trc ban bin tinh, ging cc porphyr.
porphyrotopic [11712] : porphyrotopic.
Kin trc carbonat ti kt tinh hoc trm
tch ha hc, trong c cc tinh th ln trn
nn tinh th nh mn ca chnh khong vt .
porphyry [11713] : porphyr.
Tn gi chung cho cc magma c thnh
phn khc nhau, nhng c cc ban tinh trn
nn ht mn.
porphyry copper deposit [11714] : m ng
porphyr.
Mt dng ln th porphyr c trng cha
chalcopyrit v cc khong vt sulphur khc xm
tn. Nhng m ny c khai thc thnh ng
t l ln thng l l thin i vi ng v sn
phm molybden. Hu ht cc m c chiu rng
t 3 n 8km v hm lng thp (di 1%Cu).
Chng thng t hp vi cc xm nhp su
thnh phn trung tnh n acid. S phn b ca
cc khong vt sulphur thay i theo hng t
xm tn n cc mch nh v mch. S lm giu
bin sinh rt quan trng i vi phn ln cc
m, khi thiu vng n hm lng s qu thp
c th cho php khai thc.
porphyry molybdenum deposit [11715] : m
molybden porphyr.
M molybden ln, hm lng thp trong
khong vt sulphur c phn b theo dng
mng mch v cc ht xm tn trong v gn cc
xm nhp porphyr silic vi thnh phn t
thch anh n ryolit, bin i nhit dch lin
quan c c trng bi feldspar kali ha,
sericit ha, argilit ha v silic ha. Cc m ny
c tm thy in hnh Cordillera ty bc M
v s xut hin m c ngun gc lc a nhiu
hn cc khong sng ng porphyr.
porphyry ore [11716] : qung porphyr.
porphyry tin deposit [11717] : m thic
484
 porphyr.
Trung tm khong ha thic, trong
khong vt cha thic thng l casiterit, c
phn b trong phun tro porphyr thnh phn
trung tnh di dng ht xm tn, mng mch,
hoc lp y dm xm nhp vi cc bin i
nhit dch lin quan ca vy quanh m c
trng l sericit ha-silic ha. Thut ng c coi
l s chuyn nhng mi quan h mt thit
tng t nh m ng porphyr, molybden
porphyr v n c p dng i vi nhiu im
thic Bolivi.
porphyry uranium deposit [11718] : m
urani porphyr.
M urani trong granit b xuyn ct bi
aplitv pecmatit. Cc khong vt qung gm
uranit v uranothorit gc, xm tn v nm trong
cc khe nt, chng c kch thc vi ht v bn
ht. Hu ht urani cha trong "felsit v cc
khong vt bin th" ca . Nhng v d c
trch dn chu Phi, Canaa, Australia v Hoa
K, nhng vic nh r cc du hiu"porphyr"
ch l tm thi.
portable shear box [11719] : thit b th
nghim ct xch tay.
portal [11720] : ca hm, l.
Porterfield [11721] : Porterfield.
Bc Bc M. Ordovic trung (nm trn
Ashby, nm di Wildernees).
Portlandian [11722] : Portlandi.
Bc chu u, Jura thng, nm trn
Kimmeridgi, ng vi phn di Tithon ca thi
a tng quc t.
portlandite [11723] : portlandit.
Khong vt: Ca(OH)2, c dng tm lc gic,
gp trong bin cht tip xc, trong xi mng
porlan.
posepnyte [11724] : posepnyt.
Nha mu nu n xanh dng ti, cha
nhiu oxi (18%), gp dng tm hoc ht trong
m thu ngn Great wern, County lake,
California.
positive [11725] : dng.
Ch cc tinh th d hng, trong tinh th mt
trc th chit sut tia thng ln hn tia bt
thng, trong tinh th hai trc th chit sut tia
trung gian (tc nm) gn vi gi tr (tc np)
hn l (tc ng). Ss: negative optics.
positive birefringence [11726] : khc x
kp dng.
Khc x kp trong tinh th c tc truyn
sng ca tia thng ln hn tia bt thng.
positive elongative [11727] : ko di dng.
positive estuary [11728] : ca sng hnh phu
hn hp (nh cao).
Ca sng c pha trn bi bin v sng.
positive flower structure [11729] : cu to
bng hoa dng (li).
Cu trc hnh thnh bi mt s t gy gn
nh c cng mt gc thy r mt ct, trong
cc cnh dch chuyn tng i to nn phn li
trung tm. Ngn: negative flower structure.
positive landform [11730] : a hnh dng.
Dng a hnh cao nh ni, i, cao nguyn,
ni la c hnh thnh do s d tha vt liu,
v d: nn tro.
positive movement [11731] : chuyn ng
dng, chuyn ng nng.
Chuyn ng nng ln tng i ca v Tri
t so vi vng ln cn c th gy ra bi s nng
ln hoc s cn bng thy tnh. Chuyn ng
nng cng c th do chuyn ng h xung ca
mc nc bin. Ngn: negative movement.
positive ore [11732] : qung khai thc c,
c gi tr.
possible ore [11733] : qung d bo.
M khong m s tn ti v ko di ca
n c coi l ng trn c s kt qu a cht
v khai khong trc .
n: future ore; geological ore.
posthumus fold [11734] : np un sinh sau,
np un th sinh.
Np un xut hin giai on mun hn giai
on un np chnh, thng pht trin trn cnh
ca np un c trc.
postkinematic [11735] : sau kin to.
n: posttectonic.
postmagmatic [11736] : hu magma.
Cc qu trnh v cc phn ng xy ra sau khi
khi magma kt tinh. Thng bao gm giai
on nhit dich.
postmineral [11737] : sau khong ho.
Ni v cu trc hoc c im khc c
hnh thnh sau khong ha.
postorogenic [11738] : sau to ni, hu
to ni.
Ch qu trnh hoc bin c a cht xy ra
sau giai on to ni un np hoc ch cc
loi , cc cu trc hnh thnh sau giai on
to ni.
postorogenic phase [11739] : pha sau to ni.
Pha cui cng ca s kin to ni tip ni s
to ni ln n tt nh.
postorogenic pluton [11740] : xm nhp sau
to ni.
posttectonic [11741] : sau kin to, hu
kin to.
Ch qu trnh hoc bin c a cht xy ra
485
sau mt hin tng hot ng kin to no ;
thng ch cc loi , cu trc hnh thnh sau
mt hin tng kin to no .
pot [11742] : chu, lng cho.
Thut ng chung cho ging, h hoc trng
no c hnh thnh t nhin trong t
(thng cha nc).
potable water [11743] : nc ung c.
X: drinking water.
potamology [11744] : thy vn sng ngi,
h hc.
Lnh vc thy vn hc nghin cu cc dng
chy trn mt.
potarite [11745] : potarit.
Khong vt h bn phng, mu trng bc:
PdHg, l hp kim t nhin ca paladi vi thu
ngn. n: palladium amalga.
potash [11746] : kali, b tt.
1- Carbonat kali, K2CO3.
2- Thut ng dng khng cht ch ch oxid
kali, hydroxid kali, thm ch thuc kali hoc
dng khng chnh thc ch spar kali.
potash alum [11747] : phn kali.
Phn (alum) cn c dng ch kalinit l
khong vt lng chit nhm phn, cha sulfat
ngm nc ca kali v nhm, c dng si.
X: alum, kalinite.
potash bentonite [11748] : bentonit kali.
n: potassium bentonite.
potash feldspar [11749] : feldspar kali.
Tn gi sai feldspar kali.
potash lake [11750] : h kali.
H c nc rt giu kali.
potash mica [11751] : mica kali.
Tn gi sai cho loi mica giu kali, c bit
l muscovit.
potash spar [11752] : spar kali.
Thut ng dng khng chnh thc cho
feldspar kali, tc ortoclas hoc microclin hoc
loi feldspar hn hp cha t nht 10% K2O.
n: K-spar. Ss: soda spar.
potassic [11753] : cha kali.
Ch hoc khong vt cha mt lng ng
k kali.
potassic alteration [11754] : bin i kali.
Bin i nhit dch do bin cht trao i kali
thng xy ra trong vi kim, calci v
natri b a ra ngoi. Cc khong vt c trng
l: ortocla, biotit, sericit, thch anh, albitit,
anhydrit, carbonat Fe-Mg, apatit, calcopyrit. L
kiu bin i in hnh i trung tm ca m
hnh m kim loi thng kiu porphyr.
potassic zone [11755] : i bin i kali.
i trung tm ca m qung kiu porphyr,
c trng bi qu trnh a vo kali v to
feldspar kali, biotit, t sericit anhydryt bn vng.
potassium [11756] : kali (K).
Tn Latinh l kalium. Nguyn t ha hc s
19, nguyn t lng 39,0983; t trng
0,862g/cm3, thuc nhm kim loi kim nh,
lithophil; c 2 ng v bn v 19 ng v khng
bn. Hm lng K trong cc (ppm): v lc
a trn l 28.650; siu mafic 5000; gabro-basalt
8000; granit granodiorit 33.000; phin
27.000; trong t 14.000; nc i dng
399mg/l, trong sng sui 2,3 mg/l. Cc khong
vt tiu biu l sylvit (KCl), carnalit
(KMgCl3.6H2O), kainit (MgSO4.KCl.3H2O), K-
Fenspar, mica. Phng php phn tch: XRF,
ICP-AES. Sn lng th gii 24.584.000 t/nm
K2O (1995). c s dng trong ngnh hp
kim, nng nghip, cng ngh ha, bt thuc
sng, v.v.
potassium-argon age method [11757] :
phng php kali-argon xc nh tui.
nh tui khong vt hoc trn c s xc
nh t l ca cc ng v x sinh 40Ar v 40K,
hoc 40Ar v 39K. n: postassium-argon dating.
potassium-argon dating [11758] : .
X: potassium-argon age method.
potassium bentonite [11759] : bentonit kali.
St thuc nhm ilit cha kali, hnh thnh do
bin i ca tro ni la; metabentonit cha cc
lp ilit v montmorilonit xen kp ln xn vi t
l 4/1 (kali chim 80% v tr cation thay th
trong hp phn mica). n: K-bentonite, potash
bentonite.
potassium feldspar [11760] : feldspar kali.
Feldspar kim cha phn t (KAlSi3O8) nh
l octoclas, microclin, sanidin v adularia.
n: K-feldspar, K-spar.
potassium-40 [11761] : kali-40.
ng v phng x ca kali l K40, c na chu
k phn r 1,31.109 nm v c hm lng
0,000122 gram trong 1 gram kali. K40 phn r
thnh Ca40 khi bn tia beta, thnh Ar40 khi bn
electron. K40 v sn phm phn r Ar40 c s
dng nh tui.
potber 's clay [11762] : st potber.
St do, st gm s, khng c st v loi b
kh nng phn r thnh mnh dng tm, thch
hp cho to m hnh hoc to ra gm, dn
hoc s dng trn bnh quay gm s. C mu
trng sau khi nung.
pot bottom [11763] : y dng chu.
Nhng tng ln hoc kt hch mi cc va
than c hnh dng ca y bnh st trn v d
dng tch ra. n: pot; potstone.
486
 pot clay [11764] : m st dng cho.
1- St chu la thch hp cho lm l nung
chy trong sn xut thy tinh.
2- Lp st gn lin vi tp than.
3- Kaolin giu st tn d.
potential barrier [11765] : hng ro th nng.
Kh nng khng c li s chuyn i t trng
thi nng lng ny sang trng thi nng lng
khc trong h ha hc.
potential drop [11766] : gim tim nng.
Gim nng lng, gim p lc, mt p lc,
tn tht ca ct nc p lc.
potential energy [11767] : th nng.
potential evaporation [11768] : bc hi
tim nng.
Lng bc hi cc i trong iu kin kh
hu t nhin khi cn thit cung cp cho h
thng r ca thc vt.
potential gradient [11769] : gradien th nng;
gradien thy lc.
potential reserves [11770] : tr lng
tim nng.
(cthv) Lng nc di t c th khai thc
c t mt tng cha nc hay mt cu trc
a cht thy vn trong gii hn cho php vi
khong thi gian n nh. N bao gm tr lng
ng, mt phn tr lng tnh v tr lng cun
theo (tc l tr lng hnh thnh trong qu trnh
khai thc hoc c ngun b sung khc).
potentially harmful elements (PHEs)
[11771] : cc nguyn t c tim nng c hi.
Nhng nguyn t ha hc c th gy c hi
cho c th ngi v sinh vt (gy bnh tt, d
dng, km pht trin, t vong,v.v.) nh As, Cd,
Pb, Hg, U, Ra, Rn,v.v.
potentiometric surface [11772] : mt
th nng.
n: piezometric surface; pressure surface.
pothole [11773] : h trng.
Trng hoc ging trn, sn dc b m
ly cha nc ngang hoc thp hn mc chiu
dng. Ging h dng trng no . Hang ng
(vertical cave).
pothole erosion [11774] : xi mn dng chy.
n: evorsion.
pot lead [11775] : ch chu.
Graphit dng trm y thuyn nh c.
potosiite [11776] : potosit.
Khong vt thuc nhm cylindrit-franckeit
Pb48Sn18Fe7Sb16S. 115.
potstone [11777] : chu.
Talc dng khi hoc steatit khng sch, mu
lc ti hoc nu ti, trc cng nguyn c dng bn trong.
lm ni hoc chu. Cng vit l: post stone.
Pottsvillian [11778] : Pottsvill.
Bc Bc M. Pensylvani h (nm trn
Mauch Chunk, nm di Allegheny).
poubaite [11779] : poubait.
Khong vt: PbBi2(Se,Te,S)4.
poughite [11780] : poughit.
Khong vt: Fe 2(TeO3)(SO4). 3H2O.
powder diffraction [11781] : nhiu x bt.
Nhiu x tia X bi mu kt tinh dng bt.
Thng c ghi li bng bung chp Debye-
Scherrer hoc my nhiu x k t ghi.
powder method [11782] : phng php bt.
powder ore [11783] : qung bt.
powder pattern [11784] : s bt.
Trong phng php bt thuc php nhiu x
tia X, th hin di dng cc vch trn phim
trong phng php Debye-Scherrer hoc trn
giy bi nhiu x k t ghi.
X: powder photograph.
powder photograph [11785] : nh bt.
S bt trn phim trong phng php
Debye-Scherrer thuc php nhiu x tia X.
powellite [11786] : powelit.
Khong vt h bn phng: CaMoO4. ng
hnh vi sheetlit v l qung th yu ca
molypden.
power crystallization [11787] : lc kt tinh.
Mt dng nng lng tinh th.
poyarkovite [11788] : poyarkovit.
Khong vt: Hg3ClO.
pozzolan [11789] : puzlan.
Vt liu silic nh diatomit, silic opan v cc
loi tuf, c th nghin ra trn ln vi xi mng
portlan (theo t l 15 n 40% trng lng).
Puzlan phn ng vi hydroxid calci c gii
phng khi xi mng ng cng, to thnh hp
cht c tnh cht xi mng. Puzlan cng hn ch
tc dng c hi ca cc thnh phn khng mong
mun c th c s dng trong cng nghip xi
mng. Xi mng portlan puzlan c kh nng
chng thm v chng n mn cao i vi tc
ng ca nc mn. Tn ca n xut pht t
thnh ph Pozzuli, Italia, gn tm thy leixit
tuf c s dng trong xi mng vo thi La M.
Cng c th vit: pozzolana; puzzolan;
puzzuolana.
Pragaian [11790] : Praga.
Bc chu u, do Chlupac (1958) xc lp
theo tn thnh ph Praga, Tip Khc, phn trn
ca Devon h (trn Lochdcov, di Zliohov).
prase [11791] : pras.
1- Chalcedon mu lc vng hoc lc xn,
2- Thch anh kt tinh cha v s tinh th
487
actinolit nh, dng tc mu lc.
n: mother-of-emerald.
praseodymium [11792] : praseodymi (Pr).
Nguyn t ha hc s 59, nguyn t lng
6,77g/cm3, thuc nhm kim loi nng, REE
lithophil, c mt ng v bn v 35 khng bn.
Hm lng Pr (ppm) trong v lc a trn l 6,3.
Cc khong vt tiu biu l: monazit, bastnaesit,
cesit, alamit. Phng php phn tch: ICP-MS.
Dng Pr trong ngnh knh thu tinh, nam
chm,v.v.
prasinite [11793] : prasinit.
phin lc, trong hm lng hornblend,
clorit, epidot gn bng nhau.
prasopal [11794] : prasopal.
Opal thng thng c mu lc, cha crom.
n: pras opal.
prebored, predug [11795] : khoan dn,
khoan trc.
V d khoan dn ng hoc p cc.
Precambrian [11796] : Tin Cambri.
Ton b thi gian a cht trc khi bt u
i Paleozoi, tng ng vi 90% thi gian a
cht v cc c thnh to trong thi gian
tng ng. X: Azoic; Proterozoi.
Precambrian W [11797] : Tin Cambri W.
Mt trong bn phn biu th thi gian ca
Tin Cambri do Cc a cht Hoa K phn chia,
tng ng vi khong thi gian c hn 2600
triu nm trc. Ss: Precambrian Z;
Precambrian Y; Precambrian X.
Precambrian X [11798] : Tin Cambri X.
Mt trong bn phn biu th thi gian ca
Tin Cambri do Cc a cht Hoa K phn chia,
tung ng vi khong thi gian t 1700-2600
triu nm trc. Ss: Precambrian Z;
Precambrian Y; Precambrian W.
Precambrian Y [11799] : Tin Cambri Y.
Mt trong bn phn biu th thi gian ca
Tin Cambri do Cc a cht Hoa K phn chia,
tung ng vi khong thi gian t 800-1700
triu nm trc. Ss: Precambrian Z;
Precambrian X; Precambrian W.
Precambrian Z [11800] : Tin Cambri Z.
Mt trong bn phn biu th thi gian ca
Tin Cambri do Cc a cht Hoa K phn chia,
tung ng vi khong thi gian t 570-800
triu nm trc. Ss: Precambrian X;
Precambrian Y; Precambrian W.
precast concrete pile [11801] : cc b tng
c sn.
precast pile [11802] : cc c sn.
Cc b tng c sn trc khi ng xung
t, khc vi cc nhi c c ti ch.
precedent practice [11803] : kinh nghim
thc t, tin l.
precession camera [11804] : bung tin ng.
Bung chp tia X, dng ghi li hin tng
nhiu x tia X t mt n tinh th, cho hnh nh
khng b bin dng ca tng lp ring bit ca
mng o. Ss: Buerger precession method.
precious [11805] : qu.
Ch ngc hoc khong vt p, v d
qu (loi jadeit thc s, ton b hoc mt phn
c mu lc m) hoc "scapolit qu"
(scapolit c cht lng ngc).
X: oriental; precious stone.
precious garnet [11806] : granat qu, granat
trang sc.
1- Almandin c bit tinh khit, c
nh mnh.
2- Pyrop c bit mu , c nh mnh.
precious metal [11807] : kim loi qu.
Thut ng dng chung cho vng, bc hoc
mt khong vt bt k ca nhm platin.
precious opal [11808] : opal qu.
Th opal cht lng ngc, c hiu ng to
la mu. V d: opal trng, opal en.
Ss: common opal.
precious serpentine [11809] : serpentin qu.
Th khong vt serpentin dng khi c st,
bn trong, mu lc.
precious stone [11810] : qu.
1- Loi ngc c trng bi v p,
him, bn, cng, c gi tr thng mi cao
v c truyn thng c a chung t c xa.
c bit l kim cng, ruby, saphir, emerald
(i khi c ngc trai, opal, topa, crysoberyl).
2- Chnh xc l bt c loi ngc tht no.
precipitation [11811] : lng ma (tuyt) ri.
1- Sn phm ngng t ca hi nc di
dng lng hoc dng rn ri t my hoc t
khng kh xung mt t.
2- Lng ma (tuyt) ri trn mt mt phng
ngang trong mt ngy, mt thng hoc mt nm.
precision [11812] : chnh xc, tin cy.
precompression [11813] : nn trc.
preconsolidation pressure [11814] : p lc
nn trc.
p lc c kt trc. p lc tc dng ln t
nn ln hn p lc bn thn hin c ca t.
preconsolidation stress [11815] : ng sut
tin c kt, ng sut trc c kt.
prediction of subsidence due to longwall
mining [11816] : d bo ln do khai thc
l dc.
prefeasibility study [11817] : nghin cu tin
kh thi.
488
 prehnite [11818] : prehnit.
Khong vt h trc thoi, mu trng, nu
vng, lc nht, Ca3Al2Si3O10(OH)2. Thng gp
tp hp tinh th c cu to to tia, chm nho,
nn, thng gp cng vi zeolit trong cc hm
dng cu, hc tinh m, khe nt hoc cc mch
nh trong xm nhp b bin i.
preisingerite [11819] : preisingerit.
Khong vt: Bi3(AsO4)2O(OH).
preiswerkite [11820] : preiswerkit.
Loi mica tm mt ba, c thnh phn l
tung: Na(Mg2Al1)(Si2Al 2)O10(OH)2.
preload (preloading) [11821] : gia ti trc.
Gia ti ln nn t yu nn c kt t nn ng vi vitren trong than dng cao hn.
trc khi xy dng cng trnh. t nn c kh
ton b hoc phn ln ln trong qu trnh gia
ti trc. C th kt hp vi bc thm hoc cc
ct tng nhanh qu trnh c kt.
pre-mining state of stress [11822] : trng thi
ng sut trc khi khai thc.
preobrazhenskite [11823] : preobrazhenskit.
Khong vt: Mg3B11O15(OH)9.
pre-reinforcement [11824] : d ng lc.
pre-split blasting [11825] : n mn ct trc.
presserite [11826] : presserit.
Khong vt: Ba2Al4 (CO3)4 (OH)6 .3H2O.
pressure bulb [11827] : bu ng sut.
Th tch ng sut trong t c hnh thnh
di y mng cng trnh do ti trng bn ngoi
tc ng. Khi ng sut trong nn thay i
cng vi su. X: bulb of pressure.
pressure chamber [11828] : bung ng sut.
Bung, gian, ngn p sut. X: pressure cell.
pressure gauge [11829] : ng h o p lc.
X: manometer.
pressure head [11830] : ct p.
Chiu cao ca ct cht lng to ra p lc.
pressure of explosive detonation [11831] : p
sut do n mn gy ra.
pressure plateau [11832] : cao nguyn p lc.
Vng nng cao ca dng dung nham dy
dng h nh, s nng cao ca cao nguyn l do
dung nham a t di ln khng t c
ti b mt. Phn thp hn ca dng c th l tn
d lng.
pressure ridge [11833] : sng p lc.
Sng c hnh thnh do p lc ngang lm co
mt t ca sng a chn.
pressure shadow [11834] : kin trc bng.
Tp hp cc ht, tinh th pht trin ko di
hai u i din ca ban bin tinh, hoc ht tn
d trong bin cht, to nn kin trc song
song, ko di theo cu to phin.
pressure texture [11835] : cataclastic texture.
X: cataclastic texture.
pressure-void ratio curve [11836] : biu
quan h rng v p lc.
pressurization method (strain nulling
method) [11837] : phng php bm p (trit
tiu bin dng).
X: stress measurement.
prestress [11838] : ng sut trc.
ng sut c p dng trc vo ct thp
trc khi lm vic trng thi lu di nhm tng
hiu qu s dng vt liu thp v b tng.
previtrain [11839] : previtrain.
Cc thu knh g trong than bn, tng
preyerite [11840] : preyerit.
Khong vt: Bi VO4.
price of indentified mineral reserves
[11841]: gi tr lng thm d, gi tr lng.
Gi ca cc cng tc tm kim v thm d
tin hnh xc nh v chun b tr lng cho
khai thc cng nghip.
priceite [11842] : priceit.
Khong vt dng t, mu trng tuyt:
Ca4B10O19.7 H2O(?). n: pandermite.
priderite [11843] : priderit.
Khong vt mu : (K, Ba)(Ti, Fe) O16.
primary clay [11844] : st nguyn sinh, st
tn d.
St tm thy ni m n c thnh to, st
tn d.
primary colors [11845] : mu c bn (,
xanh lam v xanh).
Tp hp cc mu trn c s trn mu theo t
l khc nhau c th thu c tt c cc
mu khc.
primary consodilation [11846] : c kt s
cp, c kt nguyn sinh.
S gim th tch ca khi t gy bi mt ti
trng tc dng ko di. Qu trnh ny lm cho
nc trong cc l rng ca t b "y" ra v ti
trng tc dng t nc chuyn dn sang cc ht
rn ca t.
primary dispersion haloes [11847] : vnh
phn tn nguyn sinh.
L i vy quanh thn qung trong cc
nguyn t ha hc tr nn giu ln hay ngho i
do kt qu mang i, mang n hoc phn b li
cc nguyn t trong qu trnh to qung.
primary dolomite [11848] : dolomit nguyn
sinh.
dolomit cu to mn c st, ht nh
hn 0,01mm, c thnh to do lng ng ha
hc hoc sinh ha trc tip t nc bin. im
c trng l c phn tng tt, khng c ha
489
thch v xen k vi anhydrit, st v vi.
Ngoi ra, cc dolomit cu to tng t, cu
thnh t cc ht mnh c thnh to do lng
ng trc tip. Mt s tc gi cho rng thuc
loi ng sinh.
primary explosives [11849] : n mn s cp.
primary flat joint [11850] : khe nt nguyn
sinh nm ngang.
Khe nt nguyn sinh c th nm gn nh
nm ngang trong xm nhp (ng ngha vi
khe nt L).
primary fluid inclusion [11851] : bao th
lng nguyn sinh.
Cht lng (fluid) b gi li bn trong tinh th
trong qu trnh kt tinh ca khong vt ch.
primary fumarole [11852] : fumarol gc.
Phumarol to thnh trn khe nt ni la v
lin h trc tip vi ngun ni la chnh, phn
nh trung thc c im bn trong ca ngun
ni la.
primary geosyncline [11853] : a mng
nguyn thy.
Danh t ca Peyve v Sinitzyn ch a
mng trc (orthogeosyncline).
primary gneiss [11854] : gneis nguyn sinh.
c cu to dng ng v tm ca bin
cht nhng khng r kin trc ht vy bin tinh
v ti kt tinh. Do vy, thng coi l c
ngun gc magma.
primary magma [11855] : magma nguyn
sinh.
Magma hnh thnh di v Tri t.
primary mineral [11856] : khong vt nguyn
sinh.
Khong vt thnh to ng thi vi cha
n trong qu trnh xm nhp, nhit dch, kh
thnh, vn gi nguyn hnh dng v thnh phn
nguyn thu. Ss: secondary mineral.
primary optic axis [11857] : trc quang hc
th nht.
Mt trong s hai trc quang hc tinh th,
vung gc vi tit din trn ca mt quang sut,
mi tia sng truyn theo n c tc bng
nhau. Ss: secondary optic axis.
primary ore [11858] : qung nguyn sinh.
Qung c thnh phn hu ch l cc khong
vt nguyn sinh.
primary orogeny [11859] : to ni nguyn
sinh.
To ni vi c trng v bin dng, bin cht
khu vc v granit ha.
primary peneplain [11860] : bn bnh nguyn
s khai (nguyn sinh).
primary phase [11861] : pha nguyn thu.
Pha kt tinh duy nht c kh nng tn ti cn
bng vi mt cht lng cho trc. Xut hin u
tin t trng thi lng trong qu trnh ngui v
cui cng bin i ti im nng chy khi c
nung nng.
primary precipitate crystal [11862] : tinh th
kt ta nguyn thu.
n: cumulus crystal.
primary recovery [11863] : thu hi s b.
primary rock [11864] : nguyn sinh.
vi cc thnh phn hnh thnh ngay trong
qu trnh to v khng b bin i hoc thay
th, nh magma hnh thnh trc tip t kt
tinh magma.
primary structure [11865] : kin trc nguyn
sinh.
1- Kin trc magma hnh thnh cng thi
vi qu trnh kt tinh v kt thc trc khi ng
cng hon ton;
2- Phn lp nguyn sinh hoc du hiu gn
sng trong trm tch;
3- Cu to tn ti trc qu trnh bin v,
thay th.
primary support [11866] : tr lc s cp, tr
lc bc u.
primary tectonite [11867] : tectonit nguyn
sinh.
Tectonit c xc nh da vo cu to ca
trm tch, c thnh to trong qu trnh
trm tch. Tuy nhin, phn ln tectonic nguyn
sinh u c ngun gc th sinh (secondary
tectonit).
primitive [11868] : nguyn sinh.
Nhm, lot kt tinh c coi l kt tinh
ha hc ti i dng trc khi c lc a, bao
gm c cc magma, bin cht Tin Cambri.
primitive circle [11869] : vng trn
nguyn thy.
Giao tuyn ca mt chiu cu vi hnh
cu chiu.
primitive lattice [11870] : mng nguyn thy.
c s ca mng tinh th, ch c nt nm
nh. n: simple lattice.
primitive unit cell [11871] : c s nguyn
thu.
n: unit cell.
primitive water [11872] : nc nguyn thy.
Nc tn ti di dng phn t hoc phn ly
t khi hnh thnh Tri t.
primocryst [11873] : tinh th nguyn thy.
Tinh th nm cn bng vi magma khi xy ra
qu trnh kt tinh ban u. Tinh th nguyn thu
tr thnh tinh th tch t sau khi lng xung.
primordial [11874] : Primordial; nguyn thy,
490
 ban u.
1-(t) Thut ng c, m ngy nay gi l
Cambri, dng ch nhng h lp cha ha
thch thp nht v c nht nn Bohemia.
2- Ngun gc, s pht trin u tin, sm
nht hoc tn ti t lc bt u. V d nh bn
i dng nguyn thy, magma nguyn thy.
principal axis [11875] : trc chnh, phng
chnh.
1- Phng vung gc vi mt chnh.
X: principal plane.
2- Trc tinh th ni bt nht trong tinh th h
bn phng, su phng, l trc thng ng hay
l trc c, trong h thoi, mt nghing, ba
nghing, thng cng l trc c. Tuy nhin, trong
cc khong vt h n nghing (v d nh
epidot) c th l trc b.
principal axis of strain [11876] : trc bin
dng chnh.
Cc trc A, B, C ca elipsoid bin dng.
principal axis of stress [11877] : trc ng
sut chnh.
Cc trc 1, 2, 3 . n: principal stress.
principal deviator stress [11878] : ng sut
chnh lch chnh.
principal plane [11879] : mt phng chnh.
Mt phng theo mt hng c bit, ch chu
tc ng ca ng sut php tuyn trong khi cc
thnh phn ng sut ct b trit tiu. Cng
ca ng sut php tuyn chnh l cng ca
trng thi ng sut trn mt phng chnh. Php
tuyn ca mt phng chnh xc nh hng ca
trc ng sut chnh. V bt k cch biu din
trng thi ng sut no cng u c 3 hng quy
chiu, nn cng c 3 trc ng sut chnh. Nh
vy, c 3 ng sut chnh m hng ca chng s
phi tm, biu din trng thi ng sut ti
mt im.
principal plane of stress [11880] : mt ng
sut chnh.
Ba mt vung gc vi nhau tng i mt
trong mt vt th b bin dng, trn chng ch c
ng sut php, khng c ng sut tip.
principal section [11881] : tit din chnh.
Trong mt quang sut mt trc, mt phng
bt k i qua trc quang hc l tit din chnh.
principal strain [11882] : bin dng (bin
sut) chnh.
principal stress [11883] : ng sut chnh.
ng sut php tc dng trn mt chnh,
thng k hiu l 1, 2, 3 vi 1 > 2 > 3.
Cng mt s i lng lin quan khc, khi
nim ny dng xc nh mt cch thng nht
trng thi ng sut ti bt k im no ca mi
trng ang nghin cu, nhng i lng ny
bt bin di bt k s quay no ca cc trc
quy chiu. biu din trng thi ng sut ti
mt im, cn c ba trc ng sut chnh, cc
i, trung gian v cc tiu.
priorite [11884] : priorit.
Khong vt mu en: (Y, Ca, Th)(Ti, Nb)2O6,
thay th ng hnh vi aeshynit.
n: blomstrandine.
prism [11885] : lng tr.
Hnh n tinh th c 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 mt ct
nhau theo cc giao tuyn song song vi nhau. L
hnh m hai u, pha vung gc vi cc
giao tuyn.
prism twin law [11886] : lut song tinh
lng tr.
Lut song tinh thng thng trong feldspar
h n nghing hoc ba nghing, c mt song
tinh l (110) hoc (110). Kh him.
prismatic class [11887] : lp lng tr.
Lp tinh th h mt nghing c i xng
2/m. Cc lng tr ca h ny c bn mt vi tit
din ngang l hnh thoi v c cc trc ca n l
trc c, trc a hoc mt dy mng bt k song
song vi trc b.
prismatic cleavage [11888] : ct khai lng tr,
th ch lng tr.
Ct khai ca khong vt theo hng song
song vi mt lng tr. V d ct khai theo mt
(110) ca amphibol.
prismatic jointing [11889] : hin tng nt n
hnh tr, hnh ct, khe nt hnh ct.
Hin tng nt n ca to thnh cc khi
nt hnh tr.
private valley [11890] : thung lng ot nc.
Mt thung lng chim mt nc ca thung
lng khc, thung lng cha dng thu ht nc.
probability [11891] : xc sut.
probable ore [11892] : qung chc c.
M khong bn cnh qung sp c khai
thc nhng cha c chng minh.
n: indicated ore.
probable reserve [11893] : tr lng tin cy.
probe [11894] : cn xuyn, cn khoan.
prochoanitic [11895] : c c hng pha
trc.
Cc vch ngn mt v Chn u c c
hng v pha trc (pha ming).
proctor compaction test [11896] : th nghim
m cht proctor.
c thc hin trong phng xc nh
quan h gia m ca t v dung trng t,
nh hng cho cng tc m cht ti
hin trng.
491
 prodelta [11897] : tin delta.
Phn delta nm su ln, xi mn sng
c hiu qu, nm ngoi delta front v nghing
thoi ti y bn, ni delta ang pht trin v l
ni m trm tch sng khng cn l phn c
ngha.
prodelta clay [11898] : st tin chu th, st
tin delta.
Vt liu ht mn do sng sinh ra (ct rt mn,
bt v st) trm lng nh mt ci qut rng
y bin hoc h, vt xa hn th chnh ca
chu th. Vt liu lp y.
production blasting [11899] : n mn sn
xut, n mn khai thc.
profile [11900] : mt ct, trc din.
Bn v cho thy cu trc ca vt th dc theo
mt thng ng theo mt phng no .
Mt ct qua vng thng vung gc vi trc cc
np un.
profile functions for subsidence troughs
[11901] : hm biu din mt ct vng st ln.
profile line [11902] : ng ct, ng
trc din.
Giao tuyn gia mt phng thng ng vi
mt a hnh.
profile section [11903] : ng ct, ng
trc din.
n: profile line.
profiling [11904] : to mt ct (tm kim).
n: lateral search.
profitability of geological prospecting
[11905] : tnh sinh li ca cng tc thm d
a cht, c li nhun ca cng tc thm d
a cht.
Mt trong nhng ch tiu hiu qu kinh t
ch yu ca c quan (x nghip) trong mt thi
hn xc nh c c trng bi thu nhp v
sinh li.
proglacial [11906] : c ngun gc bng h.
prograding shoreline [11907] : ng b
thoi ha.
ng b ang c hnh thnh tin v pha
hoc hng vo bin h bi qu trnh tch t.
program [11908] : chng trnh.
Mt lit k cc lnh c vit theo mt ngn
ng lp trnh m my tnh c th thc hin. Lnh
vc phn mm my tnh c th chia thnh cc
chng trnh h thng, cc chng trnh tin ch
v cc chng trnh ng dng.
n: software.
programe UNESCO Man and Biosphere
[11909] : chng trnh UNESCO Con ngi
v sinh quyn (MAB).
Chng trnh nghin cu khoa hc ca T
chc gio dc, khoa hc v vn ha Lin hip
quc (UNESCO), c hnh thnh nm 1970.
MAB c nhng nhim v ch yu l to lp c
s khoa hc cho vic s dng hp l v bo v
ti nguyn sinh quyn, quy nh cc gii hn
cho php ca nhng tc ng nhn sinh ln cc
h sinh thi.
programming language [11910] : ngn ng
lp trnh.
progress chart [11911] : biu tin .
progressive [11912] : tng dn, dn dn, t t.
V d s ph hng khi t c tin trin t
t vi thi gian.
progressive deformation [11913] : bin dng
tng trin.
Hin tng bin dng ngy cng mnh hn.
progressive failure in slopes [11914] : ph
hy nhanh dn mi dc.
progressive fault [11915] : t gy tng
trng.
n: growth fault.
progressive metamorphism [11916] : bin
cht tng trng.
S tng trng mc bin cht t thp n
cao trong cc bin cht, cc i bin cht
quanh, tip xc ca khi xm nhp, cc i bin
cht trong cc khu vc bin cht phn i,
dng vm.
projection [11917] : php chiu, hnh chiu.
projection net [11918] : mng chiu.
Mng xy dng theo php chiu cu dng
gia cng s liu kin to khe nt, thch cu
to,v.v.
projection of a line [11919] : hnh chiu ca
mt ng thng (trong php chiu cu
lp th).
proluvium [11920] : l tch, proluvi.
Trm tch chu th hn hp b ri c lng
ng di y ca sn do kt qu ca s ra
tri cc vt liu mnh vn do dng chy mnh
khng thng xuyn.
promethium [11921] : promethi (Pm).
Promethi, tn Latinh promethium, nguyn t
phng x nhn to, nhm III h thng tun hon
Medeleep. S th t 61 thuc lantanoid. Ly tn
ca thn Khng l Prometei trong thn thoi Hy
Lp. Nm 1945, cc nh khoa hc Hoa K
J.Marinsky, C. Coryeel v L. Glendenin tch
c Pm t sn phm phn hch ca urani bi
cc ntron trong l phn ng ht nhn. Pm
khng c ng v bn, mi n nhng nm 60
492
ca th k 20 mi pht hin c vt Pm trong
v Tri t. Hin nay, tng hp nhn to thu
c hng ngn kg Pm. bit gn 20 ng v
Pm. ng v 145Pm c i sng lu nht, chu k
bn r 18 nm. ng v 147Pm c dng trong
pin nguyn t.
prop [11922] : u , gi ta, chn .
propane [11923] : propan.
Loi hydrocarbon d chy, cng thc C3H8
thuc loi methan, c trong du th v kh thin
nhin. Thu nhn c khi ch bin (cracking)
du m, c s dng lm nhin liu v trong
cng nghip ha hc.
proper cave [11924] : hang rng.
Hang rng cho mt ngi chui vo c.
propylite [11925] : propylit.
Andesit b bin i nhit dch ging vi
lc v thnh phn gm calcit, clorit, epidot,
serpentin, thch anh, pyrit, v oxid st. Thut
ng c Richthofen s dng ln u tin vo
nm 1868.
propylitic alteration [11926] : propylit ho.
n: propylitization.
propylitic zone [11927] : i propylit.
i bin i trong khong sng qung
porphyr c trng t hp cng sinh clorit-
epidot-adular-albit.
propylitization [11928] : propylit ha.
Bin i nhit -p sut thp quanh cc thn
qung. T hp khong vt gm epidot, clorit,
carbonat Mg-Fe-Ca v i khi albit, ortocla thay
th mt phn hoc ton b ban u.
prosochete [11929] : knh ht nc ca Bt
bin (cs).
X: inhalant canal.
prosopite [11930] : prosopit.
Khong vt khng mu: CaAl2(F, OH)8.
prospect [11931] : thm d, iu tra.
1- Din tch c nh gi l c tim nng
khong da trn thm d s b.
2- i khi, din tch c thm d s b
nhng khng ch ra du hiu no v gi tr
kinh t.
3- Din tch c iu tra bng mt s k
thut nghin cu nh tm kim a vt l.
4- D thng a cht hoc a vt l c bit Proterozoi. n: Algonkian, Agnotozoic.
cn phi thm d b sung.
prospect hole [11932] : l khoan thm d.
Thut ng chung cho ging, l ngang, hm
l, l hoc l khoan thc hin cho mc ch tm
kim m. Nhng thut ng c trng hn nh l
tm kim, ging tm kim c s dng rng ri.
prospect pit [11933] : l khoan thm d.
n: prospect hole.
prospecting [11934] : iu tra, thm d.
1- Tm kim cc khong sng nguyn liu
chy hoc khong cht c gi tr kinh t.
2- Thm d a vt l.
prospection [11935] : iu tra, thm d.
prospective ore [11936] : qung c trin
vng.
prospector [11937] : ngi thm d, ngi
iu tra.
prosperite [11938] : prosperit.
Khong vt HCaZn2(AsO4)2(OH).H2O.
prostratigraphy [11939] : cn a tng.
Cc nghin cu thch hc, c sinh cha quan
tm n yu t thi gian, cc t liu a tng
bao gm quan st, m t mang tnh a phng,
sp xp cc lp cha gn lin v mt phng
php vi khi nim a thi.
X: protostratigraphy; topostratigraphy.
n: propaedeutic stratigraphy.
protactinium [11940] : protactini (Pa).
Nguyn t ha hc s 91, nguyn t lng
231,0358; t trng 15,37g/cm3; c 24 ng v
khng bn, thuc nhm kim loi nng.
protactinium ionium age method [11941] :
phng php protactini-ioni.
Xc nh tui trm tch bin su hnh thnh
trong khong 150000 nm li y da trn gi
thit: t l ng v Pa231/Th230cho cc trm tch
mi thnh to l khng i cho ton b mt ct
ang nghin cu. Tui ph thuc vo s thay
i t t t l Pa231/Th230.
protectite [11942] : nguyn thy.
kt tinh t magma nguyn sinh.
Proterophytic [11943] : Thc vt Thi c.
X: Archaephytic.
Proterozoic [11944] : Proterozoi.
Phn v tr hn trong hai phn v ca Tin
Cambri, Proterozoi c thi gian ko di t 2500
(100) triu nm n 570 triu nm trc y
(Harland et al., 1990), tng ng vi gii
Proterozoi do Sedgwich (1887) xc lp. Hin
nay, thng dng s phn chia Proterozoi lm
ba: Paleo Proterozoi, Mesu Proterozoi v Neo
protoclastic [11945] : protoclastic.
1- magma, trong c cc tinh th sinh
trc b v v bin dng do dng chy ca
magma trc khi ng cng hon ton;
2- magma cha cc tinh th ngoi lai b
bin dng;
493
 3- Kin trc c trng cho giai on c nt
ban u vi rt t phn ht mn.
protodolomite [11946] : protodolomit.
1- Carbonat magnesi-calci kt tinh, c cu
trc mt trt t, trong cc ion kim loi nm
trong cc lp cu trc ging nhau m khng
nm trong cc lp xen k nh khong vt
dolomit.
2- Vt liu nhn to kt tinh khng hon ho,
c thnh phn gn vi CaMg(CO3)2.
protoenstatite [11947] : protoenstatit.
Bin th nhn to, khng bn vng ca
MgSiO3, c ch to bng cch nung nng
phn hu talc, sau nghin nh, nung nng
n nhit cao to thnh enstatit.
protogine [11948] : protogin.
granit dy Anp c cu trc gneis, cha
sericit, clorit. epidot, granat, c du hiu v
ngun gc phc hp hoc kt tinh, hoc ti kt
tinh sau ng cng do tc ng ca p sut.
protogranular [11949] : kin trc ht
nguyn sinh.
Kin trc tha hnh, ht bin tinh c trng
bi cc ranh gii ca cc ht khong vt c dng
ngon ngoo, khc khuu, mc ghp chng t
s cn bng vi pha chy lng.
protolith [11950] : ban u.
ban u ca cc bin cht.
protomylonite [11951] : protomylonit.
1- milonit to t cc bin cht tip xc
vi s nghin vn bi cc t gy dc b mt
tip xc khi xm nhp v vy quanh.
2- Dm kt c trng cu to thu knh nh
vi cc ht vn cn li kin trc ban u. y l
giai on u ca qu trnh milonit ho vi mc
thp.
protopygidium [11952] : khin ui
nguyn thy.
Phn sau u ca mt B ba thy
nguyn khin.
protostratigraphy [11953] : a tng s b,
a tng ban u.
Gm thch a tng v sinh a tng;
X: Prostratigraphy.
protozoan [11954] : ng vt nguyn sinh
(Protozoa).
Sinh vt n bo thuc sinh vt nguyn sinh
ca mt ngnh c trng l khng c m v cc
c quan. Mt vi thnh phn ca ngnh c c
hai thuc tnh ng vt v thc vt (Trng roi),
nhng thnh phn khc c trng bng s
pht trin b xng calci v silic (Trng l,
Trng tia).
Protozoic [11955] : Protozoi.
1- L mt phn ca Tin Cambri, c phn
nh bng cc loi khng c du vt ca s
sng. Ss: Azoic.
2- L phn thp ca Paleozoi. Thut ng c,
nay khng dng.
protrusion [11956] : tri ngui.
Khi xuyn bng cc hot ng kin to
trng thi cng.
proudite [11957] : proudit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
Cu01Pb7,5Bi9,5(S, Se)22.
proustite [11958] : proustit.
Khong vt mt thoi, mu son: Ag3AsS3,
ng hnh vi pyrargyrit. l qung th yu ca
bc. n: light ruby silver; light red silver ore.
proved area [11959] : din tch c xc
minh, phn tr lng c chng minh.
n: proved reserves.
proved ore [11960] : qung c khng
nh, tnh tr lng.
proved reserves [11961] : tr lng xc nh.
Tr lng ca khong cht kim loi, khng
kim loi v ca du kh m vic d tnh khi
lng, cht lng tin cy c thc hin.
n: prover ore.
proven reserves [11962] : tr lng xc
nh cha khai thc.
Khong sn c pht hin v xc nh
thu v nhng vn cn nm trong lng t.
province [11963] : tnh.
1- Phn khu vc c tch ra v xc nh
bng kh hu v a hnh, c trng bi nhm
ng vt ring bit.
2- Nhm thi gian v khng gian lin quan
n thc vt hoc qun th ng vt.
provincial series [11964] : thng khu vc.
Thng c tha nhn ch trong khu vc
ring bit v ng vi mt phn v thi gian chnh
thc trong mt k.
provitrain [11965] : provitren.
Vitrain trong mt s cu trc thc vt c
th nhn thy bng knh hin vi. n: Telain.
provitrinite [11966] : provitrinit.
Trng thi khc nhau ca cht hu c to nn
than vitrinit c trng ca provitrain v bao gm
trng thi periblinit, suberinit v xylinit, kin
trc t bo thc vt nhn thy di knh hin vi,
thut ng telinite c xut l t ng ngha
thch ng hn. n: phyllovitrinite.
prowersite [11967] : prowersit.
494
 Minet giu ortoclas v biotit.
proximal [11968] : gn nht; gn tm.
1- M qung c hnh thnh ngay cnh, c
l l mt phn ca trung tm l ni la hoc
ming ni la m n lin quan v t thnh
phn ca n c tm thy.
2- (cs) Nhng b phn ca ht phn hoc bo
t gn hoc hng v tm ca b bn nguyn cc cu trc ging t gy do hin tng phong
thu, v d ni v cnh ca mt ht phn dn
rnh i din vi rnh dc.
proxy [11969] : th v.
ng t hay tnh t ch s thay th ca ion
hay nguyn t trong cu trc tinh th.
proxying [11970] : thay th ion.
n: ionic substitution.
przhevalskite [11971] : przhevalskit.
Khong vt mu vng pht lc sng:
Pb(UO2)2 (PO4)2.2H2O.
pseudo [11972] : gi, gi mo.
Tip u ng c ngha l gi, gi mo.
pseudoautunite [11973] : pseudoautunit hay
gi autunit.
Khong vt mu vng nht n trng:
(H3O)4Ca2(UO2)2(PO4)4. 5H2O(?), khng phi l
thnh vin ca nhm autunit.
pseudoboleite [11974] : pseudoboleit hay gi
boleit.
Khong vt Pb5Cu4Cl10(OH)8. 2H2O. Cng
c l pseudobolite.
pseudobrookite [11975] : pseudobrookit hay
gi brukit.
Khong vt h trc thoi mu nu hoc en
Fe2TiO5 ging brukit.
pseudocannel coal [11976] : than dng nn,
than gi nn.
n: humic - cannel coal.
pseudoclorite [11977] : pseudoclorit hay gi
clorit.
1- n: swelling chlorite.
2- L sn phm nhn to thu c khi cho
monmorilonit hp ph mui magnesi v
hydroxid magnesi nm xen vo gia cc lp ca
khong vt.
pseudocolpus [11978] : rnh gi.
Mt khe ging nh rnh trn mng ngoi ca
ht phn nhng khc rnh tht ch khe
khng phi l ch nh ra ca ng phn.
pseudoconformity [11979] : gi chnh hp.
Quan h a tng ging nh chnh hp nhng
c gin on hoc thiu ht trm tch.
pseudocotunnite [11980] : pseudocotunit hay
gi cotunit.
Khong vt: K2PbCl4 (?).
pseudocrystal [11981] : gi tinh th.
Vt th c b ngoi ging tinh th nhng li
khng cho s nhiu x khng nh bn
cht kt tinh thc s.
pseudofault [11982] : t gy gi.
Thut ng do Palmer (1920) xut ch ra
ha dc theo khe nt hoc mt lp to nn.
pseudogalena [11983] : gi galen.
n: sphalerite.
pseudohexagonal [11984] : gi su phng.
Ch hnh dng tinh th, v d mt s
hnh thuc h thoi nhng ging hnh thuc h
su phng.
pseudolaueite [11985] : pseudolaueit hay
gi laueit.
Khong vt h n nghing
MnFe2(P04)2 (0H)2. 7-8H20. Ss: laucite.
pseudoleucite [11986] : pseudoleucit hay
gi leucit.
Gi hnh theo leucit, l hn hp ca nephelin,
orthoclas v analcim, gp trong syenit ca
vng Arkansas, Montana v Brazil.
pseudomalachite [11987] : pseudomalachit
hay gi malachit.
Khong vt mu lc en n lc sng:
Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4. H2O) (?), ging malachit v
gp trong i oxy ho ca cc m ng nhit
dch. Ss: dihydrite; phosphochalcite;
phosphochalcite; tagilite.
pseudomonoclinic [11988] : gi n nghing.
Ch dng tinh th h ba nghing, v d ca
microclin, nhng c dng tinh th ging h
n nghing.
pseudomorph [11989] : gi hnh.
Ch khong vt c hnh dng bn ngoi lp
theo hnh dng tinh th ca khong vt khc.
Hin tng ny xy ra do s bin i, thay th,
ph bc, ng cht d tnh. Hin tng gi hnh
c coi nh l s bt chc hnh dng ca mt
khong vt, v d: thch anh theo fluorit. Tt:
pseudomorphous. n: false form; allomorph.
pseudomorphism [11990] : gi hnh.
Qu trnh hnh thnh hay iu kin hnh
thnh gi hnh.
pseudomorphous [11991] : thuc gi hnh.
pseudo-orthorhombic [11992] : gi trc thoi.
Ch cc tinh th h n nghing hoc ba
nghing, i xng mng hoc hnh dng tinh th
gn ging h trc thoi.
pseudophenocryst [11993] : gi ban tinh, ban
495
 bin tinh.
n: porphyroblast.
pseudophite [11994] : clorit.
Clorit dng khi, c chc ging serpentin.
pseudopore [11995] : l gi.
Ch c bit mng i chn ng phn ca
mt s phn hoa cy Qu nn (nh h
Cupressaceae v Taxaceae).
pseudoporphyritic [11996] : kin trc gi
porphyr.
1- Kin trc gi porphyr ca magma,
trong cc tinh th ln phn b trn nn kt
tinh, nhng chng hnh thnh sau khi
ng cng (v d tinh th feldspar kali trong
granit);
2- Kin trc ban bin tinh.
pseudoporphyroblastic [11997] : kin trc
gi ban bin tinh.
Kin trc ging ban bin tinh, nhng cc ban
bin tinh khng ln dn m to thnh bi cc
qu trnh khc nh kt tinh phn d theo ht.
pseudopsephite [11998] : gi dm kt, gi
cui kt.
pseudorutile [11999] : pseudorutil.
Khong vt: Fe2Ti3O9, l sn phm ca qu
trnh oxy ho ilmenit, thng gp trong ct bi
bin. Ss: arizonite.
pseudosecondary inclusion [12000] : bao th
nguyn-th sinh.
Bao th lng hnh thnh khi vt cht lp y
cc vt nt xut hin trong qu trnh sinh trng
ca tinh th ch. c hnh thnh giai on
trung gian gia s hnh thnh bao th nguyn
sinh v th sinh.
pseudosphorolith [12001] : gi cu.
Cc cu nh cha hai khong vt cng pht
trin t tm, mt theo hng song song, mt
theo hng xin cho.
pseudospondylium [12002] : phin tha gi.
Phng hnh chn cha vng c bng Tay
cun v gm c mt nt chai nm gia cc
phin rng cch bit.
pseudostratification [12003] : gi tng, gi
phn lp, phn lp gi.
magma nhn b ngoi c dng phn lp
nhng thc t ch l nhng mt nt thng
nm ngang.
pseudosymmetry [12004] : gi i xng.
i xng b ngoi ca tinh th thuc mt h
nhng li ging i xng ca h khc, thng
do ghp song tinh.
pseudotachylyte [12005] : gi tachylyt.
1- rn chc, to bi qu trnh milonit ha
mnh cng vi ti nng chy mt phn;
2- mu xm v en, b ngoi ging
tachylyt,v.v.
pseudotheca [12006] : vch ngoi gi.
Vch ngoi gi San h, to nn bi s
dy ln v ni lin vi nhau ca cc u ngoi
ca vch.
pseudounconformity [12007] : khng chnh
hp gi.
Thut ng ch quan h a tng trng b
ngoi nh cu trc khng chnh hp nhng
khng c gin on trm tch. Khng chnh hp
gi c th do ch v mi trng trm tch
hoc tc ng ca cc qu trnh th sinh nh
un np khng iu ha, diapia, v.v. gy ra.
pseudovolcano [12008] : gi ni la.
H ln khng lin quan n hot ng ni
la. C th c ngun gc thin thch, nhng
cng c th do bc nc ngm hoc st
lng cho.
psilomelane [12009] : psilomelan.
1- Thut ng ch hn hp cc khong vt
mangan hoc oxid mangan dng thn, dng
chm nho c thnh phn khong vt cha c
xc nh chnh xc. n: manganomelane.
2- Khong vt ca oxid mangan, c bit l
romanechit.
Psychozoic [12010] : Psychozoi.
Thut ng c ch Nguyn i ca thi gian
a cht c c trng v khi u bng s
xut hin ca loi ngi trn tri t.
psychrometer [12011] : m k.
Dng c o hm lng hi nc trong kh
quyn. Mt trong nhng loi my o m.
Gm hai nhit k, mt trong hai ci (c bu
kh) l nhit k thy ngn thng thng, trong
khi ci th hai (nhit k t) c bc vi
batit sch, thm nc lc trc khi quan trc.
Pteridophytic [12012] : Dng x.
X: Paleophytic.
pteropod [12013] : Pteropoda.
Cc Chn bng thuc mt b bao gm
nhng dng bin khi i khi c v, ni chung
hnh nn v bng cht aragonit. Tui: Creta n
ngy nay.
ptilolite [12014] : ptilolit.
n: mordenite.
ptycholophe [12015] : th lc c mu tay
gp np.
Th lc Tay cun trong mu tay gp
thnh mt hay nhiu thy thm vo vi ch kha
496
rng ca gia.
ptygma [12016] : ptygma.
Vt liu granit trong migmatit hoc gness c
hnh dng un np phc tp.
pucherite [12017] : pucherit.
Khong vt h trc thoi mu nu Bi WO4.
puddle clay [12018] : t st c nho trn.
puglianite [12019] : puglianit.
Monzogabro ht th gm augit, lxit, anortit,
sanidin, hornblend, biotit, kin trc tha hnh;
gp dng mnh vn trong dung nham ni
la Monte-Somma (Italia). (Thut ng khng
nn dng).
pulaskite [12020] : pulaskit.
Syenit sng mu, cha feldsparoit, gm
feldspar kali, pyroxen natri, avecxonit v
nephelin. Syenit cha thch anh. (Thut ng
khng nn dng).
pull apart basin [12021] : trng ko trt,
trng ko tch.
Trng c hnh thnh lin quan vi cc t
gy trt ngang ln hoc vi cc t gy trt
ngang dng cnh g, dng bc, v d t gy San
Andreas (Bc M). Trng ko trt thng ko
di song song vi phng ca i ph hy t
gy v c th c trm tch dy.
pulling resistance [12022] : sc khng nh.
Cng chng nh, lc chng nh c to
nn bng ma st bn gia cc neo, thanh neo
hoc cc chu ti trng ko.
pulling test [12023] : th nghim nh cc, th
nghim ko neo.
Th nghim xc nh cng chng nh
ca cc hoc neo.
pulmonate [12024] : c phi (Pulmonata).
Chn bng sng trn cn hay trong nc
ngt, thuc mt phn lp c trng bi s ci
bin ca xoang o c th th bng khng kh,
v bi v him khi c vy ym y l ming.
pulp cavity [12025] : ty rng.
Mt hc chn rng ng vt c xng
sng hoc hc chn Tm vy khng gim
thoi cha m mch v m thn kinh. Thut ng
c dng khng ng ch hc nn ca
mt Rng nn (Conodonta).
pulpit rock [12026] : ct .
n: chimney rock.
pulsation [12027] : xung kin to, mch ng.
(t) S lp li ko di c quan nim gn
tng ng di ca khong thi gian a
cht c chuyn ng ng tnh ca mc nc
bin do qu trnh bin tin, bin thoi quy m
rng v lu di trn ton lc a; S thay i
trong mt lot chuyn ng dng nhp hoc lp
li c quy lut.
pulsation tectonics [12028] : thuyt kin
to nhp.
Thuyt kin to cho rng c hin tng phun
tro mang tnh chu k di dng chm ca cc
vt liu nng chy t phn di cng ca manti.
pulverulent [12029] : dng bi.
Ch khong vt d to bt.
pulvimixer [12030] : thit b nghin v trn
vt liu.
Thit b nghin nh t hoc vi x
l nn.
pumice [12031] : bt.
thy tinh bt sng mu, thng c thnh
phn ryolit, nh, ni trn nc, c s dng
nh tp hp nh hoc vt liu mi.
n: foam; volcanic foam.
pumice fall [12032] : ri bt.
S ri xung ca bt t m my
phun tro.
pumice flow [12033] : dng chy tro ni la.
Dng chy vn ni la, trong ch yu
mnh vn l bt.
pumiceous [12034] : kin trc bt ni la.
Kin trc ca bt ni la, c trng v
vn l nh nh bt bin.
pump [12035] : bm.
Thit b c kh dng bm cht lng hoc
kh t ni ny n ni khc hoc nn kh.
pumpage [12036] : cht lng nc hoc cht
lng khc c bm (v d nh nc di t).
pumpellyite [12037] : pumpelyit.
Khong vt ging epidot, mu lc nht, Ca4
Al4 (Al, Fe+2, Fe+3, Mg, Mn)2. Si6O23(OH)3.
2H20, c l lin quan vi clinozoisit. Khong vt
tng t cha crom l shuiskit.
X: chlorastrolite. n: zonoclorite; lotrite.
pumpellyite-(Mn+2) [12038] : pumpelyit-
(Mn+2).
Khong vt cha mangan tng t
pumpelyit:
Ca2Mn+2(Al, Mn+3)2[H2O][SiO4] [Si2 O7].
pumpellylte-prehnite facies [12039] : tng
pumpelit-prenit.
Tng khong vt bin cht (tng khong
vt), trong graywack bin cht cha albit,
thch anh, prenit, pumpelit, clorit, sphen th
hin iu kin nhit , p sut gia tng zeolit
v tng phin lc.
pumping [12040] : s bm.
497
 pumping test [12041] : bm nc th nghim.
Mt phng php th nghim tnh thm ca
t bng cch bm nc t ging ln vi 1
hoc 2-3 t h thp mc nc (hay cp lu
lng), nhm mc ch: 1) nh gi cha
nc ca t biu hin bng lu lng, h tng ng vi pha mt trt t nhit cao ca
thp mc nc, s ph thuc ca lu lng vo
h thp, quy m pht trin phu h thp, tc
phc hi mc nc, v.v. 2) Tm hiu quan h
thy lc gia tng cha nc nghin cu vi cc
tng cha nc khc hoc vi nc mt. 3) Ly
mu nc phn tch l-ha nh gi cht
lng nc. 4) Tnh ton cc thng s a cht
thy vn, v.v.
Theo mc ch bm ngi ta chia ra: bm
th, bm th nghim, bm khai thc th. Theo
phng php bm chia ra: bm n, bm chm,
bm nhm.
puncta [12042] : l, l thng, m.
L thng, l thng, ng rt nh nm gn
nhau mt trong hay mt ngoi v Tay cun;
im xp sp thnh nhng kiu c trng trn v
ca To silic, nh hn v n gin hn qung
(areola); l trn vch ngoi phng Trng l.
punctate [12043] : b rng, b thng, c m.
B r li ti, hoc c nhng l thng, nhng
m nh, c th l ni v mt v Tay cun c
cc l trong.
punctation [12044] : r mt, thng l ch,
tnh trng c m.
Tnh trng b r, b thng, c chm m.
punctum [12045] : m nh, nt r li ti.
Mt din tch rt nh phn bit r rng vi
vng xung quanh, c th l mt vt r nh trn
b mt v Chn bng, hay cc l (puncta) v
Tay cun.
Purbeckian [12046] : Purbeck.
Bc chu u. Bc trn cng ca Jura (nm
trn Tithon, nm di Wealden).
pure rotation [12047] : quay thun ty, ng
sut quay.
Mt kiu bin dng ca cc vt th trong
c chuyn ng xoay (quay).
pure shear [12048] : ct thun ty.
Hin tng bin dng vi ng sut khng
quay, trong vt th b ko di theo mt
phng v b rt ngn (co li) theo phng
vung gc vi phng ko di .
purple blende [12049] : blend sch.
n: kermesite.
purple copper ore [12050] : bocnit, qung
ng ta.
purpurite [12051] : purpurit.
Khong vt mu m hoc mu ta
(Mn+3,Fe+3)PO4, ng hnh vi heterosit.
putoranite [12052] : putoranit.
Khong vt h lp phng, l pha trt t
Cu16-18(Fe, Ni)18-19S32.
pycnite [12053] : pycnit.
Topaz gp dng tp hp khi hnh ct.
pycnometer [12054] : t trng k.
Dng c o t trng, thng thng l mt
bnh hay chai c th tch bit.
pyralmandite [12055] : pyralmandit.
Granat c thnh phn ho hc trung gian
gia pyrop v almandin.
pyralspite [12056] : pyralspit.
Nhm granat c cng thc M3Al2 (SiO4)3 vi
M = Mg, Fe+2 hoc Mn+2, bao gm pyrop,
almandin, spesartin v cc dng trung gian
ca chng.
pyramid [12057] : hnh thp.
Hnh n tinh th m, cha 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 mt
gp nhau ti mt im. Tt: pyramidal.
pyramidal [12058] : thp.
Ch nhng vt th c i xng thp.
pyramidal cleavage [12059] : ct khai
hnh thp.
Ct khai ca khong vt theo mt song song
vi mt thp, v d ct khai theo mt (101) ca
sheelit.
pyrargyrite [12060] : pyrargyrit.
Khong vt mt thoi, mu ti, xm, en,
Ag3SbS3, ng hnh vi proustit v a hnh vi
pyrostilpnit, l qung quan trng ca bc.
n: dark ruby silver; dark red silver ore.
Pyrenean orogeny [12061] : to ni Pyrenean.
Pha to ni trong Phanerozoi vo Eocen
mun gia k Bartoni v Lui (theo H. Stille).
Pyrenean-type facies series [12062] : lot
tng kiu Pirine.
Cc tng hnh thnh trong iu kin bin
cht khu vc kiu nhit ng nh Pirine vi p
sut 3,5-5,0 kbar, vi cc i khong vt theo
chiu tng nhit : storolit-andaluzit-silimanit-
cordierit.
pyreneite [12063] : pyreneit.
n: melanite.
pyribole [12064] : pyroxen-amphibol.
Theo phn loi ca Johannsen (1911),
magma c cha c hai khong vt pyroxen v
amphibol.
pyrite [12065] : pyrit.
498
 Khong vt ph bin, ng hng, mu vng
ng thau hoc ng nht: FeS2 l bin th a
hnh vi marcasit, thng cha mt lng nh
cc kim loi khc. Pyrit c nh kim, lp lnh,
khng c ct khai v d b nhm vi vng (vng
nng v mm hn). Thng kt tinh thnh khi
lp phng (mt thng c vt kha), hnh tm
mt, hnh khi pyrit. Cng gp dng ht mo
m, khi c st. Pyrit l khong vt sulfur ph
bin nht, gp trong mi kiu, mi loi , v d
nh trong cc kt hch ca trm tch v va
than hoc l vt liu ca mch cng vi nhiu
khong vt khc. Pyrit l qung ca lu hunh
hn l ca st v c t sn xut dioxit lu
hunh v acid sulfuric. i khi khai thc ly
vng v ng i km. n: iron pyrites; fools
gold; mundic; common pyrites.
pyrites [12066] : pyrites.
1- Bt c sulfur no c b ngoi ging kim
loi, trong ph bin nht l pyrit. Thut ng
c dng cng vi t nh tnh ch hp phn
kim loi, v d pyrites ng (chalcopyrit),
pyrites thic (stanit), pyrites st trng
(marcasit) pyrites arsen (arsenopyrit), pyrites
coban (linaeit), pyrites nickel (nilerit). Khi
dng thng thng, khng c ngha nh tnh th
ch pyrit.
2- Thut ng c ch loi c th dng
nh la.
pyritization [12067] : pyrit ha.
S a vo hoc s thay th bng pyrit, v d
s thay th cc vt cht ban u ca cc phn
cng ca thc vt, ng vt ho bng pyrit.
Pyrit ho l qu trnh ph bin trong bin i
nhit dch, thng bao gm s a cc ht nh
pyrit phn tn thnh cc m vo trong nm
cnh cc mch.
pyritohedral [12068] : thuc hnh khi pyrit.
pyritohedron [12069] : hnh khi kiu pyrit.
Hnh n tinh th, gm 12 mt ng gic
khng u, i xng l 2/m3, k hiu [210].
c gi l hnh khi pyrit v c trng cho tinh
th pyrit. Tt: pyritohedral.
n: pentagonal dodecahedron; regular
dodecahedron; pyritoid.
pyritoid [12070] : hnh khi pyrit.
T ng ngha ca pyritohedron.
pyroaurite [12071] : pyroaurit.
Khong vt h su phng mu nu nht
hoc vng kim. Mg6Fe2(CO3) (OH)16. 4H2O, to
lng hnh vi sjgrenit, c th cha ti 5%
MnO.
pyrobelonite [12072] : pyrobelonit.
Khong vt h trc thoi mu la, m,
lp lnh PbMn(VO4)(OH).
pyrochlore [12073] : pyrochlor.
1- Khong vt ng hng mu vng nht,
, nu n en. (Na, Ca)2(Nb, Ta)2O6 (OH, F),
ng hnh vi microlit, cha Nb nhiu hn Ta,
thng cha xeri, titan. Pyrochlor gp trong
pecmatit lin quan vi xm nhp kim v to
m niobi. n: pyrrhite.
2- Nhm khong vt c cng thc tng qut:
A2B2O6(O, OH, F) vi A = Na, Ca, K, Fe+2, U+4,
Sb+3, Pb, Th, Ce hoc Y v B = Nb, Ta, Ti, Sn,
Fe+3 hoc W, bao gm cc khong vt nh
pyrochlo, microlit, betafit, obrruchevit v
pandait.
pyrochroite [12074] : pyrochroit.
Khong vt h su phng: Mn(OH)2, c
mu trng khi cn ti, ti li khi phi ra ngoi
sng, b ngoi ging nh brucit.
pyroclast [12075] : vn ni la.
pyroclastic [12076] : mnh vn ni la.
Cc mnh vn c nm ra t cc trung tm
ni la do hot ng bng n ca n.
pyroclastic breccia [12077] : dm vn
ni la.
n: explosion breccia.
pyroclastic flow [12078] : dng mnh vn
ni la.
pyroclastics [12079] : vn ni la.
vn ni la to bi cc hot ng ni la.
Cu trc vn ni la c ngun gc phun n.
Thut ng chung cho tch t cc mnh vn.
pyroelectricity [12080] : tnh ha in.
S xut hin ng thi in tri du hai u
i din nhau ca mt trc tinh th nhng tinh
th khng c tm i xng khi c nhng thay
i nht nh v nhit .
pyrogenesis [12081] : ha sinh.
Thut ng c ngha rng bao gm cc xm
nhp, phun tro magma v cc thnh to bt
ngun t magma.
pyrogenetic mineral [12082] : khong vt
ha sinh.
1- Khong vt khng cha nc ca xm
nhp thng c kt tinh nhit cao t
macma cha tng i t hp phn bay hi.
2- Khong vt bt k kt tinh trc tip t
macma, khc hn cc khong vt hnh thnh do
bin i hoc thay th.
pyrogenic [12083] : qu trnh ha sinh.
pyrogenic rock [12084] : ha sinh.
499
 n: igneous rock.
pyrogeology [12085] : mn hc v ni la.
pyrognomic [12086] : pyrognomic hay nhit
pht quang.
Ch cc khong vt metamic d pht sng khi
b nung nng. Thut ng t dng.
pyrolite [12087] : pyrolit.
L vt liu ca thng manti, gm mt phn
basalt v ba phn dunit, c thnh phn ch yu
l olivin, pyroxen. Gi thit khi nng chy mt
phn s to ra basalt.
pyrolith [12088] : magma.
magma. Thut ng khng s dng na.
pyrolusite [12089] : pyrolusit.
Tinh th h bn phng mu xm thp ti
hoc en st, mm: MnO2, l qung quan trng
nht ca mangan, to lng hnh vi ramsdelit.
Pyrolusit thng c cu to dng khi, dng t,
dng b hng, i khi c cu to dng si hoc
to tia. n: polianti; gray manganese ore.
pyromagma [12090] : pyromagma.
Dung nham c linh ng cao, trn bo
ha kh v tn ti nng hn so vi hypomagma
(magma su).
pyromelane [12091] : pyromelan.
n: brookite.
pyromeride [12092] : pyromerid.
Ryolit b kh thy tinh c trng bi cu to
dng cu.
pyrometamorphism [12093] : bin cht nhit.
Qu trnh bin cht xy ra khng c s tham
gia ca p sut v hi nc, nhng nhit
cao, xp x im nng chy ca cc khong vt
thnh phn, c tnh cht cc b, kiu cng
cao ca bin cht nhit, kt qu do nhit cao
khng bnh thng ch tip xc ca vi
magma, v d nh trong cc th t. Turner,
1948.
pyrometasomatism [12094] : bin cht trao
i nhit.
Bin cht trao i ch yu xy ra trong
vi, gn ni tip xc ca khi xm nhp do cc
kh magma, nhit cao v p sut, km theo s
a vo hoc a ra mt s thnh phn, to nn
scacn.
pyromorphite [12095] : pyromorphit.
Khong vt mu lc, vng, nu, xm hoc
trng thuc nhm apatit: Pb5(PO4)3Cl, ng hnh
vi mimetit v vanadinit, c th cha arsen hoc
calci. Pyromorphit thnh to trong i oxy ho
ca m ch, l qung th yu ca ch. n: green
lead ore.
pyrope [12096] : pyrop.
1- Khong vt magnesi-nhm ca nhm
granat, c trng bi mu la m:
(Mg, Fe)3Al2(SiO4)3, t khi gp dng tinh th,
thng c dng trn trnh hoc mnh gc cnh
trong cc trm tch vn, hoc t hp cng olivin,
serpentin trong cc xm nhp bas nh
kimberlit. X: cape ruby, bohemian garnet. n:
rock ruby.
2- Tn c cho ngc mu ti nh ruby.
pyrophane [12097] : pyrophan.
1- Opal la.
2- Opal nhn to (cng nh hydrophan) tm
sp nng chy.
pyrophanite [12098] : pyrophanit.
Khong vt mu mu: MnTiO3, ng hnh
vi ilmenit.
pyrophyllite [12099] : pyrophylit.
Khong vt mu trng, xm hoc nu:
AlSi2O5(OH), ging talc, gp dng l hoc
khi c trong cc mch thch anh, granit v
c bit l trong bin cht. n: pencil stone.
pyrosmalite [12100] : pyrosmalit.
Khong vt khng mu, nu nht, xm hoc
lc pht xm: (Fe+2, Mn)8Si6O15(OH, Cl)10.
pyrosphere [12101] : ha quyn.
i nm di thch quyn, b nng chy
tng phn.
pyrostibite [12102] : pyrostibit.
n: kermesite.
pyrostilpnite [12103] : pyrostilpnit.
Khong vt h n nghing, mu lan d
hng Ag3SbS3 to a hnh vi parargirit. n:
fireblende.
pyroxene [12104] : pyroxen.
1- Nhm khong vt silicat to sm mu
quan h cht ch vi nhau bi hnh dng tinh th
v thnh phn, c cng thc tng qut: ABSi2O6
vi A = Ca, Na, Mg hoc Fe+2 v B = Mg, Fe,
Fe+2, Fe+3, Cr, Mn hoc Al, i khi thay th mt
phn silic bi nhm. Cu trc c c trng
bi mch n cc t din SiO4 vi t s Si: O =
1: 3, tinh th hnh lng tr ngn, mp, ct khai
theo hai hng song song vi mt lng tr ca
tinh th, to gc 87o v 93o. Mu dao ng t
trng n lc ti hoc en. Pyroxen c th kt
tinh trong h thoi hoc h n nghing, l hp
phn ph bin ca magma xm nhp v c
thnh phn ho hc tng t amphibol (nhng
piroxen khng cha nhm hydroxyl).
2- Khong vt ca nhm pyroxen nh
enstatit, hypersthen, diopsit, hedenberit, aemit,
500
jadeit, pigeonit v c bit l augit. T gc
Hylp: pyros-la, +xenos-ngoi lai, xut
pht t quan nim sai lm l pyroxen ngu nhin
ri vo dung nham cha n.
pyroxene alkali syenite [12105] : syenit kim
cha pyroxen.
thuc lot charnokit, c hm lng thch
anh nh hn 20%, c microperthit.
pyroxene hornblende gabbronorite [12106] :
gabronorit pyroxen-hornblend.
Theo phn loi ca IUGS, l xm nhp
tng ng gabro, c pl/(pl+hbl+px) = 10-90 v
px/(pl+hbl+px) v hbl/(ol+hbl+px) > 5.
pyroxene hornblendite [12107] : hornblendit
pyroxen.
Theo phn loi ca IUGS, l xm nhp c
M90, ol/(ol+hbl+px)<5 v hbl/(px+hbl)=50-90.
pyroxene hornfels facies [12108] : tng
sng pyroxen.
Tng bin cht, vi t hp cng sinh
khong vt trong bazic l: dioxit + hypersten
+ plagioclas (vng amphibol); trong cc pelit
l: silimanit (andaluzit) + cordierit + feldspar
kali (vng mt muscovit, i khi c biotit);
trong hoa l: calcit + fosterit + pericla. Tng
bin cht c trng cho nhit cao (>550oC),
p sut thp, thng phn b cc i tip xc.
pyroxene monzonite [12109] : monzonit
pyroxen, mangerit.
thuc lot charnokit, ngho thch anh,
cha microperthit v plagioclas t l
bng nhau.
pyroxene peridotite [12110] : peridotit
pyroxen.
Theo phn loi ca IUGS, xm nhp c :
M90, ol/(ol+hbl+px)=40-90 v
hbl/(ol+hbl+px) <5.
pyroxene perthite [12111] : kin trc mc
xen pyroxen, pyroxen v feldspar.
pyroxene syenite [12112] : syenit pyroxen.
thuc lot charnokit, ngho thch anh,
microperthit nhiu hn plagioclas.
pyroxene-perthite [12113] : perthit pyroxen.
Mc xen kiu phin ging nh feldspar ca
mt vi pyroxen.
pyroxenide [12114] : pyroxenid.
Thut ng dng trong m t thc a, l
magma ton tinh, ht trung bnh, th, gm ch
yu pyroxen (Johannsen, 1931).
pyroxenite [12115] : pyroxenit.
1- Theo phn loi ca IUGS, xm nhp c
M90, v ol/(ol+opx + cpx) < 40.
2- xm nhp siu mafic gm ch yu
pyroxen vi khong vt ph l hornblen, olivin.
pyroxenoid [12116] : pyroxenoid.
Bt c khong vt no c thnh phn ho hc
tng t pyroxen nhng t din SiO4 mc ni
nhau thnh mch gm tng n v lp li l 3, 5,
7, 9, v d nh wolastonit hoc rodonit.
pyroxferroite [12117] : pyroxferoit.
Khong vt mu vng ca nhm pyroxenoit
gp trong mu Mt trng ca Apollo 11: (Fe,
Mn, Ca)SiO3, l khong vt st tng t ca
pyroxmangit.
pyroxmangite [12118] : pyroxmangit.
Khong vt h ba nghing mu hoc nu,
thuc nhm pyroxenoid: (Mn, Fe, Ca, Mg)SiO3.
pyrrhite [12119] : pyrhit.
X: pyrochlore.
pyrrhotine [12120] : pyrhotin, pyrotin.
X: pyrrhotite.
pyrrhotite [12121] : pyrhotit, pyrotit.
Khong vt gi h su phng, thng c
mu nu hoc mu ng thau: Fe1-xS, c cu
trc b khuyt tt v thiu mt vi ion st. Mt
s pyrotit c t tnh. Khong vt mm hn v c
mu ti hn pyrit. Thng gp dng khi v i
cng vi pentlandit. Thng cha ti 5% nickel,
khi tr thnh qung ca nickel.
n: pyrrhotine; magnetic pyrites; dipyrite.
501
 Q-joint [12122] : khe nt ngang, khe nt Q.
Khe nt nguyn sinh trong xm nhp,
pht trin vung gc vi cu to dng hoc cu
to ng, thng l nhng khe nt tch lp
y mch.
Q-system [12123] : h Q.
H phn loi khi bng ch s cht lng
Q. H Q c xy dng u tin trn c s mt
s cng trnh ngm Na uy. Sau , cng vi
h phn loi a c RMR, h Q c ph bin
v p dng rng ri trn th gii, khng ch
trong lnh vc cng trnh ngm m cn c cc
cng trnh thi cng trn khc.
quadrant [12124] : phn t .
Khong khng gian bn trong mt
San h Rugosa n th gii hn bi vch chnh
v mt vch cnh, hoc bi vch i v mt
vch cnh.
quadrature tide [12125] : triu nng,
triu thp.
qualitative analysis [12126] : phn tch
nh tnh.
quality [12127] : cht lng, tnh cht.
quality requirements of mineral resources
[12128] : tiu chun khong sn, ch tiu
khong sn, iu kin ch tiu tnh tr lng
khong sn.
Tp hp cc yu cu v cht lng v s
lng khong sn trong lng t, v cc c
tnh cng ngh, v cc iu kin khai thc cn
phi c tnh n khi khoanh ni v tnh tr
lng thn khong, cho php phn chia tr
lng theo gi tr kinh t quc dn (tr lng
kinh t-cn i v cn kinh t-ngoi cn i).
Cc thng s ch yu ca tiu chun khong
sn l: Hm lng bin cc thnh phn c ch
trong mu, hm lng ti thiu ca chng trong
phm vi khi tnh tr lng, chiu dy ti a c
th khai thc, chiu dy ti a ca cc lp kp
v qung khng t tiu chun nhng nm
trong khi tnh tr lng v hng lot cc thng
s th cp khc.
quantitative analysis [12129] : phn tch
nh lng.
quantitative system [12130] : h CIPW.
X: CIPW classification.
quantitative tectonics [12131] : mn hc kin
to nh lng.
Nghin cu cc dng cu to, kin trc v s
bin dng ca chng vi nhng con s c th.
quantity [12132] : lng, s lng,
khi lng.
quaquaversal [12133] : ta mi hng.
Tnh cht ca mt cu to vm c mt lp
nghing v mi hng.
quaquaversal dome [12134] : vm ta
mi hng.
Cu to vm c mt lp nghing cm theo
dng ta tia t mt trung tm ra ngoi.
quaquaversal fold [12135] : np un
dng vm.
Np un thoi, dng vm, quy m ln.
quarry [12136] : ni khai thc , m .
Cng trnh khai thc l thin thng l i
vi khai thc .
quarry-run rock [12137] : m khng
phn loi.
c s dng tng t nh nhau cho cng
mc ch.
quarry water [12138] : nc moong.
Nc di t trong m l thin.
quartz [12139] : thch anh.
1- K hiu: Q. Vit tt: qtz, qz. Oxid silic
kt tinh, khong vt to quan trng: SiO2,
cng vi feldspar, l khong vt ph bin nht.
Gp dng tinh th h su phng trong sut
(khng mu hoc c mu do tp cht), tp hp
dng khi kt tinh hoc n tinh. Thch anh l
khong vt ng hnh ph bin nht ca cc
m qung, l hp phn chnh ca hu ht cc
502
loi ct, phn b rng ri trong cc xm
nhp (c bit granit), bin cht, trm
tch. C nh thy tinh n m, vt v v s,
khng c ct khai, cng 7 theo thang Mohs
(vch c thu tinh d dng, dao khng vch
c), cu trc gm cc t din oxy-silic mc
ni vi nhau bi tt c cc nguyn t oxy thnh
mng khng gian ba chiu. l bin th a hnh
vi cristobalit, trydimit, stishovit, coesit, keatit.
Gi theo tn tnh Quarz c.
2- Thut ng chung cho tt c cc loi
khong vt k c kt tinh hay v nh hnh c
cng thnh phn ha hc vi thch anh nh
calcedon, m no v opal.
quartz andesite [12140] : dacit.
quartz anorthosite [12141] : anorthosit
thch anh.
Theo phn loi IUGS, xm nhp c
Q=5-20, P/(A+P)>90, ch s mu <10.
quartz bearing diorite [12142] : diorit thch
anh.
Diorit thch anh, nhng Strekeisen (1967)
ch gii hn cho cc diorit, trong thch
anh chim 5-20% khong vt sng mu.
quartz bearing monzonite [12143] :
monzonit, monzonit thch anh.
1- Monzonit c hm lng thch anh t
5-20% khong vt sng mu.
2- Theo cc nh a cht Lin X: monzonit
thch anh.
quartz crystal [12144] : tinh th thch anh.
Thch anh trong sut hoc gn nh trong
sut, thng khng mu, chit sut thp, nh
yu. c dng lm thu knh, nm, lng knh
trong cc dng c quang hc, lm thit b n
nh tn s trong k thut in t, lm vt dng
trn bn n hoc cc trang tr khc, khi
c th c dng tinh th r rng hoc khng.
n: rock crystal; pebble.
quartz diorite [12145] : diorit thch anh.
1- Theo phn loi IUGS, xm nhp c
Q=5-20, P/(A+P) > 90 v plagioclas c thnh
phn acid hn Au50.
2- Nhm xm nhp c thnh phn tng
ng dacit, c thch anh chim 5-20% khong
vt sng mu.
quartzfels [12146] : quartzfels.
n: silexite
quartz felsite [12147] : porphyr thch anh;
ryolit.
n: quartz porphyry.
quartz gabbro [12148] : gabro thch anh.
Theo phn loi ca IUGS, xm nhp c
Q=5-20, P/(A+P)>90, plagioclas baz hn Au50.
quartz index [12149] : ch s thch anh.
Ch s qz trong h thng phn loi ca
Niggli, c th c gi tr m hoc dng, ch th
cho mc bo ha silic.
quartzine [12150] : quartzin.
Calcedon dng si, c du ko di dng
(song song vi trc c). n: quartzin.
quartzite [12151] : quartzit, quarzit.
bin cht ht tha hnh gm ch yu l
thch anh v c to thnh do ti kt tinh ca
ct hoc silic trong qu trnh bin cht khu
vc hoc bin cht nhit.
quartz latite [12152] : ryodacit.
quartz mine [12153] : m thch anh.
Thut ng ca th m i vi mt m c gi
tr tng hp. V d: vng tm thy trong cc
mch silic kh hn trong sa khong. N c
gi nh th bi v thch anh l khong vt ph
ch yu.
quartz monzodiorite [12154] : monzodiorit
thch anh.
Theo phn loi ca IUGS, xm nhp c
Q=5-20, P/(A+P) = 65-90 v plagioclas acid
hn Au50.
quartz monzogabbro [12155] : monzogabro
thch anh.
Theo phn loi ca IUGS l xm nhp c
Q=5-20, P/(A+P) = 65-90 v plagioclas bas hn
Au50.
quartz monzonite [12156] : monzonit thch
anh.
1- Theo phn loi ca IUGS l xm nhp
vi Q=5-20 v P/(A+P) =35-65.
2- granit vi thch anh chim 10-50%
khong vt sng mu, c t l feldspar kim i
vi tng feldspar =35-65, tng ng vi
ryodacit (Hoa K), monnozit vi t thch anh
(Lin X).
quartz norite [12157] : norit thch anh.
ca lot charnokit cha plagioclas nhng
khng c feldspar kali.
quartzolite [12158] : quartzolit.
Theo phn loi ca IUGS l xm nhp c
Q 90.
quartz plate [12159] : tm thch anh.
X: quartz wedge.
quartz porphyry [12160] : porphyr thch anh,
ryolit.
phun tro hoc xm nhp nng cha cc
ban tinh thch anh v feldspar kim trn nn vi
tinh hoc n tinh.
quartz rich granitoid [12161] : granitoid giu
thch anh.
Theo phn loi IUGS, l xm nhp c
Q=60-90.
503
 quartz schist [12162] : phin thch anh.
phin gm ch yu thch anh, t mica.
Cu to phin do cc ht thch anh ko di, sp
xp thnh thu knh mng.
quartz syenite [12163] : syenit thch anh.
Theo phn loi IUGS l xm nhp c
Q=5-20 v P(A+P) = 10-35.
quartz trachyte [12164] : ni la ht mn.
ni la ht mn, gm ch yu feldspar
kim v hm lng thch anh tiu chun t
5-20%.
quartz wedge [12165] : nm thch anh.
L mt tm thch anh tinh khit dng nm.
Trong h thng quang hc, v d nh knh hin
vi phn cc, c dng xc nh tn phng
dao ng ca sng sng, du quang v mu
giao thoa. n: quartz plate.
Quaternary [12166] : t.
K cui cng trong lch s a cht, bt u
t 1,6 triu nm trc v ko di cho n hin
nay. t bao gm hai phn v ln l
Pleistocen kt thc vo 12 000 nm trc y
v Holocen ko di t n nay.
n: age of man.
quaternary sediment [12167]:trm tch t.
Trm tch b ri gm hn hp 4 hp phn:
vn (nh thch anh), khong vt th sinh
(nh l khong vt st), ngun gc ha hc
(nh l calcit) v tn d hu c.
queluzite [12168] : queluzit.
gm ch yu spesactin, i khi c
amphibol, pyroxen hoc mica. (Thut ng
khng nn dng).
quenching [12169] : ngui, ti.
Trong thch lun thc nghim l qu trnh
ngui nhanh ca phn tch nhit duy tr cc
c trng ha l ca trng thi nhit cao m
trng thi s thay i khi b ngui t t.
quenselite [12170] : quenselit.
Khong vt h n nghing, mu en.
PbMnO2(OH) hoc Pb2Mn2O5. H2O.
quenstedtite [12171] : quenstedtit.
Khong vt, Fe2(SO4)3. 10H2O.
quetzalcotlite [12172] : quetzalcotlit.
Khong vt h su phng
Zn8Cu4 (TeO3)3 (OH)18.
quick [12173] : chy.
V trm tch trn ln vi nc tr nn rt
mm v b ri. N c th d dng chy di
mt ti trng hoc bi trng lc.
quick clay [12174] : st chy.
St mt i ton b hoc gn nh ton b
bn khng trt sau khi b xo trn.
quick condition [12175] :
iu kin (th nghim) nhanh, th nghim
khng thot nc.
quick ground [12176] : t chy.
quicksand [12177] : ct chy.
Khi ct mn nh ca sng hoc dc b
bin gm nhng ht trn nhn c cht t gn kt
vi nhau, thng bo ha nc thm ln cc l
hng to nn khi mm d di ng.
n: running sand.
quick shear test [12178] : th nghim ct
nhanh t, , khng qua c kt v thot nc.
quicksilver [12179] : thy ngn.
Thut ng ch thu ngn dng khong vt
t sinh, hoc khai thc nhng cha dng n
(v d trong "bung cha thy ngn").
quickstone [12180] : di .
i di mt t m n khng lm r hiu
qu. V d: i khng lin quan i vi cc d
thng t v trng lc.
quickwater [12181] : dng chy xit.
Mt phn ca dng sui c trng bi dng
chy mnh, nhanh.
504
 rabbittite [12182] : rabitit.
R
Khong vt th sinh mu vng pht lc nht:
Ca3Mg3(UO2)2(CO3)6(OH)4.18H2O.
race [12183] : race.
Cc kt hch nh carbonat calci thng c
mt trong loi st sn xut gch ngi.
n: rance.
radar [12184] : nh radar.
nh v tinh tch cc s dng bc sng di
hn khong nhn thy v tia hng ngoi nn
b nhiu (my, sng m,...), c th chp c
ngy ln m v trong mi thi tit.
radial [12185] : tia, hng tm, ta tia,
xuyn tm.
c trng bo t c rnh ba tia. Cc tia ct
nhau to thnh hnh Y.
radial fault [12186] : t gy ta tia, t gy
xuyn tm.
t gy thuc nhm t gy xut pht t
mt trung tm, pht trin theo cc hng khc
nhau.
radial flow [12187] : dng chy hng tm,
ta tia.
radial shringkage [12188] : co ngt xuyn
tm.
S co ngt do kh (thng l g, theo
phng vung gc vi vnh tng trng ca
g).
radial well [12189] : ging tia.
Mt dng cng trnh khai thc nc di
t, gm mt ging ng c khoan (o) vo
tng cha nc, t y ging, ngi ta khoan
nhng l ngch nm ngang ta ra nh nhng tia
xuyn vo t vy quanh tng din tch
thu nc vo ging.
radiated [12190] : dng phng x hay dng
to tia.
Ch tp hp cc khong vt hnh kim phn
b ta ra t mt tm im.
radiciform [12191] : dng r.
Ni v mt mu dng r bao ngoi ca
vch San h n th c tc dng bm.
radiesthesy [12192] : cm x hc.
Phng php d tm nhng vt th n tng
trong lng t nh dng nc ngm, thn
qung, hang karst, lng sng c, hm l, ng
ng ngm, di ch kho c,... nh s vn ng Deleted:
ca nhng dng c th s cm tay nh nhnh Formatted
cy chc ba, que a g, khung kim loi, con
lc, v.v. C s khoa hc ca cm x hc cha
c gii thch y (trc y ngi ta
thng gn cho n nhng ci tn nh : ph
thy, ma thut,...). C gi thuyt cho rng
phng php da trn tnh nhy cm sinh hc Deleted: .
thin bm kt hp vi luyn tp k cng ca
mt s ngi c kh nng cm th sng in t
pht sinh do s vn ng ca cht lng hay kh
trong mi trng cht rn khng ng nht ca
Deleted: .
t , ging nh rotor quay trong stator lm
pht sinh dng in rt yu. Ngy nay, cm x
hc ang pht trin nhiu nc v thnh
lp Hip hi quc t nghin cu c s l
thuyt v phng php lun khoa hc. Ngi ta
cho rng, cm x hc chng nhng p dng
c trong a cht hc, kho c hc m cn c
th gip ch cho cng tc chnh tr, qun s, an
ninh quc phng, v.v. n: dowsing.
radioactivation analysis [12193] : phn tch
hot ha phng x.
Phng php phn tch ha hc da vo s
pht hin ng v phng x c trng tip theo
s bn ph ht nhn. X: activation analysis.
radioactive age determination [12194] : xc
nh tui phng x.
Cn vit l radiometric dating.
radioactive chain [12195] : dy phng x.
Cn vit l radioactive series.
radioactive change [12196] : bin i phng
x.
radioactive clock [12197] : ng h phng x. Deleted: .
505
 o thi gian a cht bao gm ng v
phng x C14, Rb87, K40 v bit chu k bn r
ca cc ng v. ng h phng x cn gi l
ng h nguyn t, ng h ht nhn (atomic
clock, nuclear clock).
radioactive constant [12198] : hng s phng
x; hng s phn r.
n: decay constant.
radioactive dating [12199] : tnh tui phng
x.
n: radiometric dating.
radioactive decay [12200] : phn r phng x.
n: radiometric disintegration.
radioactive equilibrium [12201] : cn bng
phng x.
Quan h gia nguyn t phng x m v cc
nguyn t phng x con, trong t s gia
phng x con trn phng x m l mt hng s.
radioactive heat [12202] : nhit phng x.
Nhit ta ra khi mt hp th bc x t s
phn r ca cc ng v phng x.
radioactive indicator [12203] : cht ch th
phng x.
radioactive isotope [12204] : ng v
phng x.
radioactive series [12205] : dy phng x.
Mt nguyn t phng x khi phn r c th
thnh mt phng x tip cho n khi hnh thnh
phng x bn. C 3 dy phng x t nhin quan
trng l dy actini, thori v urani.
n: radioactive chain.
radioactive source [12206] : ngun phng x.
radioactive spring [12207] : mch nc
phng x.
Ni xut l ngun nc c phng x cao
hn bnh thng c th s dng vo mc ch
cha bnh.
radioactive waste [12208] : cht thi
phng x.
Cht thi cha ht nhn phng x x ra t
cc c s nng lng ht nhn, phng th
nghim, bnh vin c s dng vt liu phng
x,v.v. Cc cht thi ny c nguy him sinh
thi cao, cn c x l bng bin php c
bit bo m s an ton cho ngi v sinh
vt.
radioactivity [12209] : phng x; hot tnh
phng x.
Tnh cht ca nc c kh nng phng ra
cc tia , , do s phn r cc nguyn t
phng x cha trong nc (U, Ra, Rn,...).
radioactivity anomaly [12210] : d thng
phng x.
radioautograph [12211] : nh phng x t
hin hnh.
Cn vit l autoradiograph.
radiocarbon [12212] : carbon phng x.
Carbon 14.
radiocarbon age [12213] : tui carbon phng
x.
Carbon 14. Deleted: ng ngha: decay constant.
radiocarbon dating [12214] : xc nh tui
bng carbon phng x.
n: carbon 14 dating.
radioecology [12215] : sinh thi hc phng
x.
Mt nhnh ca sinh thi hc nghin cu s
tc ng ca cc cht phng x i vi mi
trng.
radiogen [12216] : cht phng x.
radiogenic age determination [12217] : xc
nh tui bng phng php phng x.
n: radiometric dating.
radiogenic Argon [12218] : Argon-40 do
phng x sinh ra.
Argon-40 c hnh thnh bi s phn r
ca kali-40 hoc cn ch loi argon-40 trong
v khong vt c hnh thnh do phn r
kali-40 bn trong ngay khi v khong vt
hnh thnh.
radiogenic dating [12219] : xc nh tui
bng phng php phng x.
n: radiometric dating.
radiogenic isotope [12220] : ng v do phng
x sinh ra.
Cht ng v do phn r ca ht nhn phng
x, nhng bn thn ng v c th hoc khng
l cht phng x.
radiogenic lead [12221] : ch do phng x
sinh ra.
1- Loi ch do kt qu phn r ca urani v Deleted: (a)
thori.
2- Ch trong khong vt hoc c hnh Deleted: (b)
thnh do phn r phng x ca urani v thori
ban u sau khi hnh thnh v khong vt.
3- Loi ch c cc t s Pb207/Pb204 v Deleted: (c)
Pb206/Pb204 ln hn nhiu loi ch c s tin ha
trong mt giai on n gin v n pht trin
trong h thng vi t s U238/Pb204 bng 9.
radiogenic strontium [12222] : stronti do
phng x sinh ra.
1- Sr87 c sinh thnh do R87 phn r. Deleted: a.
2- Sr87 c trong , khong vt l do R87 Deleted: b.
ban u phn r t khi v khong vt hnh
thnh. Deleted:
radiograph [12223] : nh chp bng phng ng ngha: isotope geology, t ny do
Vernadsky t tn.
x.
n: autoradiogaph.
506
 radiohydrogeology [12224] : a cht thy
vn phng x.
Lnh vc a cht thy vn nghin cu iu
kin thnh to phn b ca nc phng x t
nhin, gii thch vai tr ca chng trong s tn
ti cc m nguyn t phng x v ngha ca
nc nh mt ch th tm kim m phng x.
Radiolarian [12225] : Trng tia (Radiolaria).
ng vt Chn tia (Actinopodia) thuc mt
phn lp, ch yu c trng bng khung xng
silic v mi trng bin khi. Tui t Cambri
n nay. Trong mt vi h thng phn loi,
Trng tia c ghp vo phn lp Trng chn r
(Rhizopodia).
radiolarian chert [12226] : silic radiolar.
Loi radiolarit phn lp, kin trc vi tinh c
phn xi mng (hay phn nn) silic.
radiolarian earth [12227] : t radiolar.
Mt loi t silic thnh phn ch yu gm
cc di tch (khung xng dng li) ca
Radiolaria; t tng ng ch loi radiolarit
cha gn kt.
radiolarite [12228] : ta tia; v trng tia;
radiolarit.
1- (kv) Ht cu gm cc tinh th (spherulite)
hnh kim ta tia.
2- (cs) V ho thch ca Trng tia
(Radiolaria).
1- Dng tng ng ca t radiolar
(Radialarian earth), ng rn, ng nht, dng
phin silic ht mn v tng i cng.
3- Lp bn silic bin su ng cng.
radiolite [12229] : radiolit.
Cu nh c cu to bn trong gm cc tinh
th hnh kim to ra t mt tm.
radiolitic [12230] : tnh ta tia.
Loi vi c kin trc ta tia, trong
thnh phn to c xp ta tia t cc tm
im, vi phn xi mng cha t hn 50% thnh
phn (Krumbein v Sloss, 1963).
radium [12231] : radi (Ra).
Nguyn t ha hc s 88, nguyn t lng
226; t trng 5 g/cm3, thuc nhm kim t
kim loi nng, lithophil, c 30 ng v khng
bn. Khong vt tiu biu : radiobarit
(Ba,Ra)SO4, c dng trong ngnh ht nhn,
vt liu hunh quang, liu php X quang.
radius of fractured zone [12232] : bn knh
i dp v.
Quanh hm l, do khai o gy ra.
radius of influence [12233] : bn knh nh
hng.
radon [12234] : radon (Rn).
Nguyn t ha hc s 86, nguyn t lng
222; t trng 0,00973 g/cm3, thuc nhm kh
qu, atmophil, c 14 ng v khng bn. C th
dng my m nhp nhy xc nh hm
lng Rn. Dng Rn trong ngnh tr liu, trong
nc khong.
radon-220 [12235] : radon-220.
ng v kh phng x ca radon, l mt
thnh vin trong dy thori v l dy con ca
Ra224. n: thoron. Deleted: .
radula [12236] : di rng nghin. Deleted: .
Di bng cht sng c hu ht Thn mm
mt mnh v, trn thng c nhiu rng rt Deleted: f
nh, c th th ra qua ming t v tr trong ng Deleted: o
tiu ha ca n thu gom v nghin thc n,
sau a vo ming.
radulifer [12237] : mc tay. Deleted: .
Mc tay Tay cun hnh li cu hay hnh Deleted: b tnh
que nh ln t pha bng ca cc phin rng v
Deleted: pht trin tt.
vn v pha mnh bng.
raft [12238] : b, mng.
n: float coal.
raft breccia [12239] : dm kt mng. Deleted: khng ng rn ca
Mt loi dm kt c cc mnh vn cha b Deleted: trm tch vn c hc vi
mi trn trong khi vn chuyn bi bng tri hay
thc vt (cy, bo bin) tri.
raft foundation [12240] : mng b, mng bn.
Mt bn m bng b tng thng c ct
thp, c t trn ton b din tch cng trnh.
Loi mng ny c s dng khi ti trng nng
hoc nn t c kh nng chu ti km.
rafting [12241] : b, mng.
S vn chuyn ca cc lc nguyn, t,...
do cc vt liu hu c tri ni (g cy, bo Deleted: bng
bin) hay bng tri.
raggioni [12242] : ragioni.
Cc tinh th dng kim, trc l aragonit, sau
c bc bi calcit, thng di t 1n
10cm, thng c u vung cnh hoc ngoc
cho su cnh. Chng thng ngp trong Deleted: cc hp
carbonat kiu sabkha. Deleted: mt
raguinite [12243] : raguinit.
Deleted: ca
Khong vt TiFeS2.
rainbow quartz [12244] : thch anh cu vng.
Thch anh iris c hiu ng nh sng mu
cu vng.
rain desert [12245] : hoang mc ma.
Hoang mc c lng ma duy tr thc
vt.
rain pillar [12246] : ct do ma.
a hnh nh gm cc ct t hoc mm
c che ch v bo v bi cui si v khi kt
vn, c thnh to bi xi mn khc nhau do
s va p ca nc ma.
raise [12247] : s nng, thot ln trn.
raite [12248] : rait.
507
 Khong vt h thoi:
Na4Mn3Si8(O,OH)24.9H2O) (?).
raker pile [12249] : cc ng nghing.
c thit k v thi cng tng kh nng
chu ti trng ngang.
ralstonite [12250] : ralstonit.
Khong vt khng mu, trng hoc vng
nht: NaxMgxAl2-x (F, OH)6. H2O, thng gp
dng tinh th hnh tm mt.
Raman effect [12251] : hiu ng Raman.
S hp th cng hng v ti pht x nng
lng xuyn tm bi lin kt ho tr gia cc
nguyn t ring bit trong mu. Khi bc x n
sc mnh (v d tia laze) b tn x bi mu, cc
vch Raman xut hin b xung vo tn x
Rayleigh ca bc x kch thch. Nhng vch
ny b dch chuyn lin quan vi bc sng
kch thch (dch chuyn Raman) qua s lng
c trng ca tn s dao ng v tn s quay
ca nhng lin kt ring bit gy nn hiu ng.
Hiu ng c gi theo tn nh vt l n
C. V. Raman (1883-1970).
Raman lines [12252] : vch Raman.
Cc vch dch chuyn trn ph Raman, c
bc sng di hn so vi pht x kch thch
(vch Stoke), tuy nhin cng c th xut hin
ngu nhin cc bc sng ngn hn (vch phn
Stoke).
Raman spectroscopy [12253] : ph hc
Raman.
S quan st ph Raman v mi qu trnh ghi
nhn, o c km theo.
Raman spectrum [12254] : ph Raman.
Ph c trng quan st c khi nh sng
n sc b tn x bi vt th trong sut.
ramdohrite [12255] : ramdohrit.
Khong vt mu xm ti: PbAgSb3S6 c quan
h gn gi vi andorit v fizelyit.
rameauite [12256] : rameauit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
K2CaU6O20.9H2O.
ram in triaxial cell [12257] : pit tng trong
bung nn ba trc th nghim nn t, .
rammell [12258] : rammell.
Thut ng Anh dng ch mt loi cha
hn hp phin st v ct.
rammelsbergite [12259] : ramelsbergit.
Khong vt mu xm NiAs2, lng hnh vi
pararamelsberigt v lin quan vi loelingit.
n: white nickel.
rammer [12260] : u m, u ng.
n: punner.
ramp [12261] : mt di ng khu; ng
dc, dc (cctr); mt dc.
1- (cs) B mt nghing v pha i nh
vng cun ca Chn bng nm gn v bn di
ng khu.
2- (kt) phn dc ca mt t gy. Ngn: flat.
ramp anticline [12262] : np li lin quan vi
t gy. Deleted: .
c thnh to do s dch chuyn ca cnh
t gy c dc mt trt thay i.
ramp region [12263] : vng dc. Deleted: .
Vng nm gia y v nh ca mt dc.
ramp syncline [12264] : np lm lin quan vi
t gy. Deleted: .
Thnh to do s dch chuyn ca cnh t
gy c dc mt trt thay i.
ramp trough [12265] : thung lng dc trt. Deleted: .
X: ramp valley.
ramp valley [12266] : thung lng sn dc. Deleted: .
Thung lng gii hn bi cc t gy nghch
c gc dc mt trt ln. n: ram trough.
Ramsar convention [12267] : cng c
Ramsar.
Tn gi tt ca "Cng c v cc vng t
ngp nc c tm quan trng quc t c bit
nh l ni c tr ca cc loi chim nc"
(Convention on wetlands of international
importance especially as waterfowl habitat).
Cng c c thng qua ti Hi ngh quc t
t chc ti thnh ph Ramsar (Iran) vo thng
2/1971, vi s tham gia ca 18 nc. V sau
cng c c sa i 2 ln vo nhng nm
1982 v 1987. Vn bn cng c hin ti c 13
iu, trong quy nh th thc la chn,
khoanh nh v ng k cc vng t ngp nc
c tm quan trng quc t tham gia cng
c; trch nhim ca cc nc thnh vin trong
vic qun l, bo v cc vng t ngp nc.
Vit Nam tham gia Cng c Ramsar t
20/9/1988 v tr thnh thnh vin th 50 ca
Cng c. Chnh ph Vit Nam chn vng
ca sng Hng thuc huyn Xun Thy (Nam
nh), ch yu l hai o Cn Lu v Cn Ngn
ng k vo danh mc cc vng t ngp
nc c tm quan trng quc t.
ramsayite [12268] : ramsayit.
n: lorenzenite. Deleted:
ramsdellite [12269] : ramsdelit.
Khong vt h thoi: MnO2 lng hnh vi
pyrolusit.
rana [12270] : rana.
Thut ng Ty Ban Nha dng ch mt
508
tng bn chy ng rn cha cc tng vn
gc cnh v kch thc thay i.
rance [12271] : rance.
1-Loi hoa mu c c cc vt mu
xanh-trng tm thy Hainaut (B).
2-T gc Php. n: race.
Rancholabrean [12272] : Rancholabre.
Bc Bc M. Pleistocen thng (nm trn
Irvington).
rancieite [12273] : rancieit.
Khong vt: (Ca, Mn+2)Mn+44O9.3H2O.
randkluft [12274] : khe nt ra.
T ting c-Randkluft, ch cc khe nt
ra cc ni bng ln xut hin khi bng tri
hoc chuyn ng xung quanh vch ca
thung lng bng.
random error [12275] : sai s ngu nhin.
Sai s sinh ra do cc nguyn nhn m tc
dng ca chng b n mc khng th tch
ring bit cho tng nguyn nhn. Trong cc loi
sai s th sai s ngu nhin khng th kh b
c trong mi ln quan st. V phng din l
thuyt sai s ngu nhin th sai s ngu nhin
tun theo lut chun Z N(0,2), trong l nguyn t 71) v 3 nguyn t khc Ytri, Thori,
chnh xc ca cc quan trc.
random sample [12276] : tp hp chn mu
ngu nhin.
Mt tp hp chn mu ly t mt tp hp
ton phn thng k (statistical population),
trong mi phn t c mt kh nng c la
chn bng nhau v c lp, c la chn sao
cho c th xc nh ( nhng gii hn nht
nh) c im trung bnh ca mt th a cht.
range [12277] : phm vi; ni, dy ni, min
ni.
Ni n c (Thut ng dng Australia).
rank [12278] : dy, hng, cp (cs).
1- Dy thng ng ca l.
2- V tr ca mt cp phn loi trong h
thng phn loi thc vt.
rank correlation [12279] : tng quan rank.
H s tng quan gia hai tp mu sau khi
c sp xp theo th t tng dn.
rankachite [12280] : rankachit.
Khong vt: CaFeV4W8O36.6H2O.
rankamaite [12281] : rankamait.
Khong vt:
(Na, K, Pb)3(Ta, Nb, Al)11(O, OH)30.
Rankine active pressure [12282] : p lc ch
ng Rankine.
Rankine passive pressure [12283] : p lc b
ng Rankine.
ranking [12284] : sp xp tp hp s theo Deleted: c
chiu tng dn. Deleted: loi, ging
rankinite [12285] : rankinit.
Khong vt h n nghing: Ca3Si2O7, lng
hnh vi kilchoanit.
ranquilite [12286] : ranquilit.
X: haiweeite.
ransomite [12287] : ransomit.
Khong vt mu xanh da tri:
CuFe2(SO4)4. 6H2O.
ranunculite [12288] : ranunculit. Deleted: .
Khong vt: AlH(UO2)(PO4)(OH)3.4H2O.
rapid-sand filtration [12289] : lc nhanh
qua ct.
Mt phng php x l nc bng cch cho
nc (thng c x l bng lc chm hoc Deleted: .
cc phng php khc) lc qua ct c thm
ln loi b nt nhng vt cht l lng cn
li.
rare earths [12290] : t him. Deleted: .
Cc oxid ca dy 15 nguyn t kim loi t
Lantan (s nguyn t 57) n Lutetium (s
Scandi. Nhng nguyn t ny khng phi c
bit him trong v Tri t nhng c s tp
trung. Cc nguyn t t him to thnh mt s Deleted: .
khong vt c bit nh monazit, bastnaesit v
xenotim. T rt gn ca REE: rare earth
elements-cc nguyn t t him.
rash [12291] : than st.
Loi than khng sch, c ln cc vt liu Deleted: T
khc (st, phin st hay cc vt liu st khc
trn hoc di thm nhp vo va than); cht Deleted: t trn v di)
sm mu vi c im trung gian gia than v
phin st; than bn, ch khng nhm vi thut
ng rashing. Deleted: .
rashing [12292] : st than, sit.
Loi phin st hay st mm, b dng vy
nm ngay di va than, thng cha nhiu vt Deleted: d vn thnh vy
liu carbonat v d dng ln vi than khi khai Deleted: .
thc. N cng c th nm ph ln than hay xen
tng vi than. Thut ng thng dng s
nhiu, ch khng nhm vi thut ng rash.
rasorite [12293] : rasorit.
n: kernite.
raspberry spar [12294] : rodochrosit;
tourmalin ta.
raspberry spat [12295] : spat rarpbery.
1- X: rhodochrosite. Deleted: (a)
2- Tourmalin mu hng. Deleted: (b)
raspite [12296] : raspit.
509
 Khong vt h n nghing mu vng hoc
nu: PbWO4, lng hnh vi stolzit.
raster GIS [12297] : GiS hin th s liu di
dng nh bit, nh nh phn (bitmap).
Phng php hin th c dng trong cc
my truyn hnh v cc mn hnh my tnh.
rasterize [12298] : chuyn i mt bn a
i tng sang mt tp d liu dng ma trn
s.
Cc n v bn cn chuyn i l im,
ng hay vng. Mi im c nhn bit qua
ta s c chuyn i thnh im nh vi
ta hng, ct (ma trn im nh).
rate [12299] : t l, h s, tc .
rate of change map [12300] : bn vn tc
bin i.
Bn phn chia a tng cho thy mc
bin i ca cu trc, b dy hoc thnh phn
ca mt n v a tng bit (Krumbeein v
Scoss, 1963), lm c s phn tch cc
ng ng tr trn bn gc (bn ng
cu trc, bn ng b dy, bn
tng, v.v.).
rate of consolidation [12301] : tc c kt.
rate of excavation [12302] : tc o.
rate of feed [12303] : tc np.
rate of increase of stress [12304] : tc
tng ng sut.
rate of sedimentation [12305] : tc
trm tch.
Lng vt liu trm tch lng ng trong
mi trng nc mt khong thi gian nht
nh, thng biu th bng dy ca tng trm
tch trn mt n v thi gian. i lng ny
tng u theo trm tch tui tr dn, vi tc
trung bnh 22cm trong 1000 nm.
n: sedimendation rate.
rate of strain [12306] : tc bin dng.
ratfish [12307] : c ton u.
X: holocephali.
rathite [12308] : rathit.
Khong vt mu xm ti: (Pb, Tl)3As5S10.
rathite-II [12309] : rathit-II.
n: liveingite.
ratio map [12310] : bn t s cc loi .
Mt bn tng th hin t l b dy
gia cc loi trong mt n v a tng
bit, v d bn t s ct-st cho bit t l b
dy ca ct v ca st trong mt n v a
tng.
rational face [12311] : mt hu t.
Mt tinh th c kh nng l mt thc do c
bit v cu trc phn t bn trong ca mu
khong vt ca tinh th . Nhng mt ny
thng c ch s Miller thp. Deleted: .
rattle stone [12312] : ratle. Deleted: rattle
Mt th kt hch cu to bi cc lp ng
tm thnh phn khc nhau, trong nhng lp
d ha tan vo dung dch li phn nhn tch Deleted: i
khi phn v, chng hn th kt hch oxid st Deleted: thiu
cha y ct ri. Deleted: .
rauenthalite [12313] : rauenthalit.
Deleted: (khi lc th ct pht ting
Khong vt: Ca3(AsO4)2.10H2O. ng)
rauvite [12314] : rauvit. Deleted: T
Khong vt mu en pht ta n en
Deleted: ng ngha: Klappertein.
pht lam.
Ca(UO2)2V10O28.16H2O. Formatted
ravinement [12315] : tip xc khng u.
S tip xc khng ng u nh du gin Deleted: nh
on trm tch, v d trm tch bin nng ph Deleted: bng s
ln trm tch nm di b xm thc nh; Gi Deleted: m ranh gii bo mn c
chnh hp quy m nh v s xm ln nh k hnh thnh khu vc trm tch bin nng.
S bo mn nh ca nhng lp nm di;
ca bin ln tam gic chu. gi chnh hp nh v s xm ln nh k
raw [12316] : th, cha ch bin, nguyn khai. ca bin ph ln tam gic chu
Nguyn liu khong, nhin liu hoc vt liu
khc trng thi t nhin cha c lm giu
khi khai thc.
raw coal [12317] : than th cha tuyn.
raw material [12318] : nguyn liu th.
raw oil [12319] : du th.
raw ore [12320] : qung th, qung cha
tuyn. Deleted:
raw sewage [12321] : nc thi th.
Nc thi cha c x l.
raw water [12322] : nc th.
Nc cha qua bt k mt bin php x l Deleted: i vi
no hoc nc c a vo nh my x l Deleted: cng mun
thm.
Deleted: dy t
rayite [12323] : rayit.
Khong vt: Pb5(Ag, Tl)2(Pb25Sb7,5)S2 hoc
Pb8(Ag, Tl)2Sb8S21, c lin quan cu trc vi
semseyit.
Rayleigh wave [12324] : sng Rayleigh.
reach [12325] : on sng.
B phn thng, di ca nc dc b h, mt
u h hp chen vo t; Di t hp thng ca Deleted: .
b h hoc t nh vo h.
real mode [12326] : ch thc.
Mt ch cng tc ca cc b vi x l
Intel, trong chng trnh c giao mt v tr
lu tr xc nh trong b nh, v trc tip truy
cp vo cc thit b ngoi vi. Ch thc, mt
ch ch c th trc tip s dng n
510
1M RAM.
real time [12327] : thi gian thc.
X l s liu sao cho kt qu c hiu lc
ngay lp tc nh hng n qu trnh x l s
liu tip theo.
realgar [12328] : realgar, hng hong.
Khong vt h n nghing mu ti n
da cam AsS, gp dng cc trong cc mch
qung cng nh cc trm tch, dng khi,
ht cc sui nc nng, thng cng sinh vi
orpiment. Bin th a hnh l pararealgar.
n: red arsenic; sandarac; red orpiment.
rebellious ore [12329] : qung kh gia cng
x l.
rebound curve [12330] : ng cong gim ti.
V d: gim ti t th nghim nn tnh cc.
rebound test [12331] : th nghim bt ny.
o bt ny ca ba Schmidt xc nh
sc bn ca b mt , khe nt, b tng, v.v.
n: schmidt hammer rebound test.
Recent [12332] : Hin i, Holocen.
n: Holocene.
reception basin [12333] : bn thu nc.
n: collection basin.
recession curve [12334] : th biu din s
gim tc dng chy sau ma.
Dng chy trc tip v dng chy c s
thng c biu din bng nhng ng cong
ring bit.
recharge [12335] : b sung, cung cp; cp
thm, cung cp thm.
1- (cthv) Qu trnh lin quan n vic b
sung nc vo vng bo ha, khng bao gm
lng nc b sung cho i nc th nhng v
i trung gian.
2- (cctr) Th d cung cp thm nc cho
nc ngm gim ln st t.
recharge area [12336] : min cung cp, min
b sung.
1- Min m trong nc b sung cho vng
bo ho ca mt hay nhiu tng cha nc.
2- Din tch ti nc ma hoc nc mt
thm vo lng t cung cp cho nc di t.
Min cung cp c th trng vi din tch phn
b ca tng cha nc c cung cp (nc
di t) hoc xa (i vi nc c p).
Min cung cp cng c th l nc di t
t mt tng ny chy vo tng khc bng cch
thm xuyn hay qua cc "ca s" a cht thy
vn.
recharge basin [12337] : bn cung cp.
Bn cha cu to bng vt liu ct cha
nc cho mc ch cung cp b sung nc di
t. Deleted: .
recharge well [12338] : ging cung cp.
Ging dng bm nc vo mt hay nhiu
tng cha nc trong qu trnh b sung nc
di t nhn to.
reciprocal lattice [12339] : mng o.
Mng gm cc im c v nh sau: t
mt im xut pht chung h cc ng vung
gc vi tng mt (hkl) ca mng tinh th. Trn
cc ng vung gc ly cc im cch
im gc to (000) mt khong cch t l
nghch vi khong cch gia cc mt ca h
mt mng (hkl). Trc ca mng o l cc trc:
a*, b*, c*, vung gc ln lt vi (100), (010),
(001) ca mng tinh th. To ca cc im
ca mng o s l (hkl) hoc bi s (nh, nk,
nl) ca chiu di n v c s a*, b*, c*.
Ss: direct lattice.
recompact [12340] : m li.
m li t nn sau khi kim tra.
recompression [12341] : nn li.
reconnaissance [12342] : iu tra s b, tm
kim s b, kho st s b.
1- iu tra nhng nt chung nht, c tnh s
b mt vng.
2- Thm d kim tra khi qut hoc kho st
khi qut nhng nt chnh (hoc nhng nt c
chung nht nh) ca mt vng thng c
tin hnh t kho st s lc n chi tit hn.
V d: kho st k thut cng trnh chun b
cho php c tam gic. N c th c thc
hin ngoi thc a hoc c quan ph thuc
vo phm vi thng tin c th c.
3- Kho st a cht nhanh c thc hin
t c nhng hiu bit chung, tng th v
c im a cht vng.
reconnaissance map [12343] : s , bn
kt qu kho st s b.
Bn xy dng trn c s thng tin thu
c t kho st s b hoc s liu t cc
ngun khc.
reconnaissance study [12344] : nghin cu
s b. Deleted: .
Nghin cu iu tra s b v a cht, a
vt l trn vng rng theo t l nh.
reconnaissance survey [12345]:iu tra s b.
Kho st iu tra, kho st s lc thng
c thc hin nhanh v vi gi thnh thp
tng ng, u tin cho v bn chi tit v vi
chnh xc ln hn.
record [12346] : tp hp s liu. Deleted: .
511
 Tp hp s liu a cht, a vt l, v.v.
recorder [12347] : ngi ghi chp, ngi theo
di kt qu th nghim.
S ghi chp, ghi nhn.
recovery [12348] : thu hi (sk); phc hi
(cthv).
1- (sk) Trong khai khong, t l phn trm
ca thnh phn c ch nhn c t qung hoc
than t va than, thc o ca khai khong hoc
hiu qu khai thc.
2- (cthv) S tng mc nc tnh trong ging
do ngng khai thc ti ging ny hay cc ging
ln cn.
recovery test [12349] : th nghim phc hi
mc nc, th nghim thu hi nc.
Vic o c tc khi phc mc nc
trong ging sau khi dng bm th nghim
tm hiu phong ph nc v thm ca t
. Tc hi phc nhanh chng t t c
phong ph nc ln, thm cao v ngc
li.
recrystallization [12350] : ti kt tinh.
Qu trnh thnh to xy ra ch yu trng
thi rn ca cc ht khong vt mi kt tinh trong
. Cc ht mi thng ln hn cc ht ban u,
c th c cng hoc khc nhau v thnh phn
khong vt. Gm mt s pha ring bit, v chng
c sp xp li theo trng thi n nh.
X: rieckes principle.
recrystallization calcite [12351] : calcit ti
kt tinh.
Th khm lm m ca cc tinh th calcit
xen k hay thay th calcit ht mn hn trong
trm tch (Leighton &Pendexter, 1962).
rectangular footings [12352] : mng hnh ch
nht.
rectangular joint structure [12353] : cu trc
khe nt vung gc.
H cc khe nt ct vung gc vi nhau.
rectification [12354] : nn li ng b.
S n gin ha v s nn thng ng
ngoi ca ng b nguyn thy khng u,
dng rng ca bi xi mn bin ct li mi nh
v o ngoi khi, do tch t cc sn phm xi
mn hoc cc trm tch mang xung t cc
sng ln cn.
rectilinear coordinates [12355] : h ta
vung gc.
H ta c ba trc vung gc vi nhau
tng i mt.
rectilinear shoreline [12356] : ng b nn
thng.
ng b kh thng, di hoc ng b c
bn l gn vung gc c to nn bi cc ch
ni b ct ct.
rectimarginate [12357] : c ng khp
thng, thng mp.
V Tay cun c ng khp trc thng;
cn dng ni v mt ng khp Tay cun
c mp thng.
rectiradiate [12358] : ta tia thng.
G Chn u dng cc c dng ta tia
thng, khng un v trc hay v sau.
rectorite [12359] : rectorit. Deleted: .
Khong vt st mu trng trong c s sp
xp xen k gia mica tm mt i vi smeetit
tm mt i theo t l bng nhau. Cc nguyn
t nh Na, v Ca chim lng cation nm
gia cc lp trong hp phn mica.
n: allevardite.
recumbent fold [12360] : np un nm. Deleted: .
Np un c mt trc nm ngang hoc gn
nh ngang.
recurrent folding [12361] : un np vm
mng. Deleted: .
Hin tng un np lin quan vi qu trnh
bin dng hoc st ln c tnh chu k dn n
s hnh thnh cc np un c b dy ca lp b Deleted: c bit, y l cch m mt
vt mng hoc bin mt ti vng nng ln. tp hp tinh th b bin dng gii phng
recycled grain [12362] : ht vn ti trm tch. nng lng tch gi do bin dng.
Ht vn c ngun gc t mt loi trm Deleted: loi tr khuyt tt tinh th v
kin thit li
tch tn ti trc v thnh to nn mt trm tch
mi; phn bit vi ht c ngun gc trc tip t Deleted:
magma hay bin cht. Deleted: trm tch
recycling [12363] : quay vng. Deleted: S kt tinh ban u ko theo
Qu trnh m nh n, mt loi trm tch s to nhn cc ht mi v s trng
thnh ca chng, do s dch chuyn ranh
b phn hy, b vn chuyn, lng ng ri tr gii cc cnh to ra tp hp cc ht. S
thnh hp phn ca mt trm tch mi- trm trng thnh ca cc ht trong kch
thc trung bnh ca ht tng ln do xu
tch mi. hng gim ni nng ca cc ht cn k.
red algae [12364] : To . S ti kt tinh th sinh c th xy ra tip
theo, trong mt s ht s ln ln rt
Mt nhm To tng ng vi ngnh nhanh do thanh ton cc ht xung quanh.
Rhodophyta c mu do cha phycoerythrin.
Deleted: ca
Cc thnh phn ca loi To ny c th l dng
Deleted: mt c cu
si, dng mng, phn nhnh, hay khm vo.
To c mt trn ton cu. Deleted: ht
red antimony [12365] : antimon . Deleted: t mt loi trm tch
X: kermesite. Deleted: m
red arsenic [12366] : hng hong, arsen . Deleted: .
X: realgar.
Deleted: st
red beds [12367] : trm tch mu .
Deleted: (silstone)
Tng trm tch thnh phn ch yu gm ct
kt, bt kt, v phin st (shale), i ch c lp Deleted: hatbij
mng cui kt, vi, st vi; mu do cc Deleted: hematit
ht b hematit ph bc, v d: trm tch Deleted: vidu
512
Permi v Trias min ty Hoa k, tng ct kt
Devon chu u. Mi n v c t nht 60%
lp mu , cc lp xen k c mu bt k.
n: red rock.
red clay [12368] : st .
Loi trm tch bin su, ht mn mu nu
nht n pht hay mu scla, c thnh
to do vt liu tch t chm, cch xa lc a
v su thng > 3500m. N cha khi
lng kh ln ct bi gi, bi thin thch v
nham thch, bt (pumice, pumice-stone),
rng c mp, xng tai (?) c voi (whale
earbones), kt hch mangan, cc mnh vn do
bng tri mang n (debris rafted by ice).
Lng CaCO3 nm trong khong 0 n 30%.
n: brown clay.
red cobalt [12369] : erythrit, cobalt .
n: erythrite.
red copper ore [12370] : qung ng ,
cuprit.
n: cuprite.
Red Desert soil [12371] : t hoang mc.
Nhm hoc vng t c b mt nu nht,
nht, nm trn mt tng hoc nu dy,
bn di l tch t cht vi. Pht trin vng c
kh hu hoang mc nhit i ti kh hu nhit
i m. Hu ht t ny hin nay c gi l:
Ustolls.
reddingite [12372] : redingit.
Khong vt h thoi mu trng hng n
trng vng: (Mn, Fe)3(PO4)2. 3H2O, ng hnh
vi phosphoferit.
reddish brown lateritic soil [12373] : t
laterit mu nu .
Mt nhm ln trong h thng phn loi t
nm 1938. l mt nhm cc loi t (i)
pht trin t cc loi vt liu lm m, mu ,
ngun gc laterit v c trng bng tng mt
mu nu pht v tng di st mu . Nay,
cc loi t ny c xp loi humults v
udults.
reddish brown soil [12374] : t nu .
Lot tng t ln dng i c mt tng mt
mu nu nht pht ph ln tng t nng
hn, hn v mt tng sng mu vi tch t
carbonat calci. Cc loi t ny pht trin
iu kin kh hu m, n ha n nhit i, na
kh, di thm thc vt cy bi v c ngn.
Phn ln c vit l ustalfs, orthids v argids.
reddish chestnut soil [12375] : t mu ht
d .
Cc loi t cng i c tng mt dy, mu
sc t nu m n pht hay pht hng, di Deleted: , di c tng t nng hn
mu nu pht hay pht hng
n c tng t nng hn mu nu pht v
mt tch t carbonat. Chng pht trin di Deleted: , tr.371
thm c tp vi cy bi, iu kin kh hu m Deleted: T
n n ha, na kh. Ngy nay, nhng loi t Deleted: o
ny c lit vo loi ustalfs v ustolls.
Formatted
reddish prairic soil [12376] : t prairic .
Gm nhiu loi t cng i c mt tng Formatted
mt t chua, mu nu m, pht n tng Deleted: ,
vt liu gc. Chng pht trin di lp c cao Deleted: i chiu: Chestnut soil.
v kh hu m n n ha, m n cn m. Deleted: to nn
Ngy nay, phn ln cc loi t ny c xp
loi ustalfs. Deleted: c
reddle [12377] : t son. Deleted: ht magma
n: red ocher. Deleted: i chiu vi Prairie soil.
red earth [12378] : t .
Deleted: n
Loi t b ra la (leach), mu , su
Deleted: T
(dy) v giu st (dng st). Thut ng chung
ch loi t c trng cho kh hu nhit i. Formatted
n: red loam. Formatted
redeposition [12379] : ti trm tch.
S thnh to tch t mi do s trm lng vt Deleted: trong s
liu trm tch c mang i v vn chuyn (ti Deleted: nh
to) t ni thnh to ban u ca n hoc do ti Deleted: trm lng
kt ta vt liu khong. n: resedimentation.
Deleted: dung dch v
red hematite [12380] : hematit .
n: hematite.
redingtonite [12381] : redingtonit.
Khong vt mu ta nht:
(Fe, Mg, Ni)(Cr, Al)2(SO4)4. 22H2O.
red iron ore [12382] : qung st , hematit.
n: hematite.
red lake [12383] : h .
red lead [12384] : ch .
Khong vt mu chi, ti hoc Deleted: t
vng Pb3O4. n: minium. Deleted: ,
red lead ore [12385] : qung ch .
X: crocoite.
Deleted: trong h thng phn loi t
redledgeite [12386] : redledgeit. nm 1938, cc loi t (theo
Khong vt: Mg4Cr6Ti23Si2O6(OH)4 (?).
Deleted: o
n: chromrutile.
Deleted: (bin)
red manganese [12387] : qung mangan .
Khong vt mangan mu nht, c bit l Deleted: ,
rodonit v rodochrosit. n: red manganese ore. Deleted: sc
red mud [12388] : bn . Deleted: c mt
Loi bn ngun gc lc a cha 25% Deleted: ca oxyt st III
carbonat calci. Mu ca n l do xm nhim
Deleted: o
Fe2O3.
Deleted: i chiu vi Red Desert soil.
red ocher [12389] : t son hay ocher .
Loi hematit cha st, dng t mu dng Deleted: H
lm bt mu. n: reddle; ruddle. Deleted: dng
red ore [12390] : khong vt qung mu , Deleted: ,
513
 qung .
c trng l hematit hoc metahematit.
red orpiment [12391] : orpiment , realgar.
n: realgar.
redox potential (oxydation-reduction
potential, Eh) [12392] : th hiu oxy ha-kh
(Eh).
S o hot tnh ha hc ca cc nguyn t
hay hp cht ca chng trong phn ng thun-
nghch, c trao i electron. V d: Fe2+ Fe3+ +
e, trong cht nhng electron gi l cht oxy
ha, cn cht nhn electron-cht kh oxy. Th
hiu oxy ha-kh c k hiu l Eh, n c th
c gi tr dng hoc m. n v o l von (V)
hoc milivon (mV). Trong nc di t, cht
oxy ha quan trng nht l oxy ha tan, cn
cht kh oxy ch yu l H2S v mt s cht hu
c.
Tr s Eh ca nc thin nhin thng nm
trong khong +600mV (mi trng oxy ha) v
-200mV (mi trng kh).
red oxide of copper [12393] : oxid ng .
n: cuprite.
red oxide of zinc [12394] : oxid km .
n: zincite.
red rock [12395] : mu .
n: red beds.
redruthite [12396] : redruthit.
n: chalcocite.
red schorl [12397] : schorl .
n: rubellise, rutile.
red silver ore [12398] : qung bc .
Khong vt sunfua bc mu , c bit l
"qung bc ti (pyrargyrit), "qung bc
sng" (proustit). n: red silver.
redstone [12399] : .
Mt loi trm tch mu pht , chng
hn loi ct kt cha st mu thm hay bt
kt thnh phn arkose giu mica, nh cc thnh
to Trias Connectient.
red tide [12400] : triu .
reduced mud [12401] : bn en.
n: black mud.
reduction [12402] : ch h thp ca mt t
do xi mn.
reduction index [12403] : h s mi mn.
Tc mi mn ca ht trm tch, th hin
bng hiu ca trng lng trung bnh ca ht
trc v sau vn chuyn chia cho tch ca trng
lng trung bnh ca ht trc khi vn chuyn
nhn vi on ng i (Wentworth,1931
trang 25, vit tt: RI).
reduction to sea level [12404] : h thp mc Deleted: .
nc bin.
reduzates [12405] : reduzat.
Trm tch thnh to trong iu kin kh v
v vy giu carbon hu c v sulfur st, V d:
than v phin st mu en, theo Goldschmid,
y l mt trong nhm trm tch hay tng
t vi giai on phn d trong phn tch . Deleted: i chiu: resistates,
red vitriol [12406] : vitriol . evaporates, hydrolyzates, oxyzates
n: bieberite. Formatted
red yellow podzolic soil [12407] : t podzol Deleted:
vng.
Gm nhng loi t chua cng i (?) c
mt tng mt b ra la sng mu, tng di Deleted: i
cha st v oxid Al, Fe, mu sc t qua
pht vng n nu ti pht vng. t ny pht
trin di thm thc vt rng, iu kin kh
hu m, n ha hay nhit i m. Hin nay hu Deleted: N
ht chng c lit vo loi udults. n: yellow Formatted
prodzolic soil, red podzolic soil. Formatted
red zinc ore [12408] : qung km .
n: zincite.
REE [12409] : cc nguyn t t him.
n: rare earth; rare earth elements.
reedmergnerite [12410] : ridmergnerit.
Khong vt h ba nghing, khng mu,
thuc nhm felspat: NaBSi3O8, cha bo tng t
albit.
reef [12411] : m tiu, rn; khi, g ngm
ngoi bin.
1- Cu to c dng ni, g phn lp hoc Deleted: (a)
khi thnh to bi tch ng sinh vt bin Deleted: .
cha calci, c bit l San h. n: organic reef. (b) rutil.
2- Thut ng a phng ch m kim loi,
c bit l thch anh cha vng.
reef apron [12412] : ngoi m tiu.
B mt hi dc ca thnh to trm tch
pha sau hoc xung quanh th m tiu. Deleted: dng
reef breccia [12413] : dm kt m tiu. Deleted: st
Loi c thnh to t cc mnh vi Deleted: (silstone) tiu biu cho
do tc ng ca sng v thy triu lm v vn accomica
t th m tiu. Deleted: trong m khong
reef conglomerate [12414] : cui m tiu.
n: reef talus. Formatted
reef core [12415] : nhn m tiu.
Khi cng c cc qun th sinh vt m
tiu hnh thnh ti ch nm gia mt th m
tiu hu c.
reef debris [12416] : Formatted
n: reef detritus. Deleted: h
reef detritus [12417] : vn m tiu.
Deleted: ri pht sinh do di sinh vt
Vt liu vn hnh thnh t qu trnh xm ngm b phn hy
514
thc mt th m tiu hu c; mt phn sinh ra
do sng ph hy, phn khc do tch t ca v
s, c, phn na do ng vt khoan m
thnh. Ht mn thng b sng mang i, trong
khi ht th thng to nn mt tch t m tiu
(talus apron) quanh th m tiu.
n: reef debris.
reef edge [12418] : ra pha bin ca mt rn
c cc knh dn sng lng.
reef flank [12419] : sn rn.
Phn rn bao ly nhn rn nm di, thng
c nhn bit bi mng ca vn rn chm
su khi nhn.
reef flat [12420] : min m tiu.
Nn m tiu c mnh vn San h v ct
San h ph ri rc, khi triu xung thng kh
ro v l ra nh mt nh ca di ngm. C
th k thm cc h cn, o ct thp v vn
(thng c ph thc vt, chng hn nh cy c)
v nhng qun th San h thn cng.
reef frame [12421] : khung rn.
Khung to rn hu c cng rn ti ch, cha
khung xng nhiu vi.
reef front [12422] : sn trc rn.
Sn pha bin ca rn chy di n ra rn.
reef front terrace [12423] : thm trc rn.
B mt b xi mn ging nh nn bng mi
mn, i khi b ph bi khi hu c, thng
nghing nh v pha bin, c th pht trin
cc su khc nhau. n: reef terrace.
reef knoll [12424] : g m tiu.
M/g san h ngm, nh cao ti 100m;
chng hn, g vi San h hnh nn, y hi
trn trn nn phng v thng c cc loi
ph xung quanh. n: knoll reef.
reef limestone [12425] : vi m tiu.
Loi vi c thnh phn gm tn tch sinh
vt to m tiu nh San h, Hi min, ng vt
hnh Ru v To.
reef milk [12426] : sa m tiu (milk m tiu).
Vt liu nn ht rt nh thuc tng back-
reef sau m tiu gm cc vi sinh calcit v (hay)
aragonit trng c pht sinh t phn hy nhn
v sn m tiu.
reef ring [12427] : vng m tiu.
n: atoll.
reef rock [12428] : m tiu.
Loi dng khi vng chc khng phn lp
bao gm nhng tn tch vi ca sinh vt m tiu
ln vi ct vi v si vi, ton khi gn kt
bng xi mng carbonat calci.
n: hermatolith; hermatobiolith.
reef slope [12429] : mt sn rn dng ln t
y bin.
reef talus [12430] : taluy m tiu.
Tng nghing dng khi hoc phn lp dy,
bao gm cc mnh vn di ngm (?) (reef
detritus), thng tp kt dc ra pha bin ca Deleted: sn dc
mt di ngm sinh vt (organic reef); l Deleted: di ngm
dng m khong sn rn (reef flank). Deleted:
n: reef conglomerate.
Formatted
reef terrace [12431] : thm m tiu.
Deleted:
n: reef front terrace.
reef tufa [12432] : tuf m tiu. Deleted:
Calcit tinh m, lng tr, dng si, kt ta Formatted
trc tip t nc qu bo ha lp y l hng Deleted: ln nn
trm tch bn vi ca mt nh m tiu (knoll Deleted: su cha calcit
reef).
Deleted: g san h
reefy [12433] : m tiu, rn.
Cha vt liu trm tch ging vi vt liu Deleted: ct
ca mt m tiu sinh vt. Deleted: di ngm
reevesite [12434] : revesit. Deleted: tp on
Khong vt: Ni6Fe2(OH)16(CO3).4H2O.
reference point [12435] : im chun, mc
chun.
reference section [12436] : mt ct i chiu,
mt ct ph tr. Deleted: .
(t) Mt ct thng ng dng lm c s i
chiu mt vng; Mt ct hoc nhm mt ct
c la chn b tr cho mt ct chun,
hoc thay th chng, v n c kh nng cung
cp tiu chun i snh cho mt phn ca ct
a tng. n: hypostratotype.
references [12437] : tham kho, tham chiu,
quy chiu.
refikite [12438] : refikit.
Khong vt rt mm, mu trng, gp trong Formatted
nha hin i: C20H32O2 (?). Deleted:
reflecting goniometer [12439] : gic k phn Deleted:
x.
Deleted: ca di ngm
n: reflection goniometer.
reflection angle [12440] : gc phn x. Deleted: "sa" m tiu
n: bragg angle.
reflection goniometer [12441] : gic k phn
x. Deleted:
My o gc gia cc mt tinh th nh s Deleted: di ngm
phn x ca chm tia sng song song i t mt Deleted: i chiu
ngun sng ti cc mt tinh th k tip nhau. Deleted:
reflection plane [12442] : mt phn x hay
Deleted: : biolithite, boundetone;
mt i xng gng.
n: plane of mirror symmetry. Formatted
reflection pleochroism [12443] : a sc phn Formatted
x hay lng phn x. Formatted
n: bireflectance. Deleted:

515
 reflection twin [12444] : song tinh phn x.
Song tinh c cc c th ghp i xng nh
vt v nh qua gng phng. Ss: rotation twin.
reflectometer [12445] : phn x k.
Dng c o nng lc phn x t mt i
tng. Thng s dng mt s dng nng lng
bc x nh nh sng.
refraction [12446] : khc x.
S lch ca tia sng hoc sng nng lng
(v d sng a chn) khi i xuyn t mi
trng ny sang mi trng khc c khi lng
ring khc nhau lm thay i tc chuyn
ng. n: single refraction, birefringence.
refraction angle [12447] : gc khc x.
n: angle of refraction.
refractive index [12448] : chit sut hay ch
s khc x.
n: index of refraction.
refractive power [12449] : nng lc khc x.
n: refractivity.
refractivity [12450] : nng lc khc x.
Mc khc x nh sng ca vt. Kh nng
ny c th hin mt cch nh lng qua
chit sut. n: refractive power, refringence.
refractometer [12451] : khc x k.
Dng c o chit sut ca cht rn hoc
lng. C nhiu kiu khc nhau thit k cho cc
i tng khc nhau, loi ch yu dng cho xc
nh ngc v khong vt l khc x k Abbe.
refractometry [12452] : php o khc x k.
Php o chit sut bng khc x k.
refractory clay [12453] : st lm gch
chu la.
refractory ore [12454] : qung kh
nng chy.
refringence [12455] : nng lc khc x.
n: refractivity.
Refugian [12456] : Refug.
Bc Bc M. Eocen v Oligocen (nm trn
Fresni-Nariz, nm di Zemor).
refusal [12457] : chi, phn lc li.
V d ng cc n lc cc b chi.
refuse ore [12458] : qung thi.
regenerated crystal [12459] : tinh th ti
sinh.
Tinh th ln pht trin trong mt khi vt
cht b nn p, v d nh mylonit.
reger [12460] : reger.
t thm mu cha vi, st nhiu
monmorylonit, sinh t ngho silic. t reger
c cao nguyn Deccan, n . Nay chng
c xp loi vertisols. n: block cotton soil.
regime [12461] : ch , ng thi.
Ch thay i ca i tng nghin cu
(v d nh mc nc, lu lng nc, thnh
phn ha hc ca nc,...) trong mt khong
thi gian xc nh.
regimen [12462] : ch thy vn.
1- Cc c im v tng lng nc lin
quan n lu vc sng, c xc nh bi cc
phng php o ma, tr lng v dng chy
trn mt, ngm v lng bc hi.
n: hydrologic regimen; water regimen.
2- Cc c im dng chy ca sui; c
bit l c im ca mi dng sui (bao gm
dng chy chm v l) lin quan n vn tc,
khi lng, hnh dng v s thay i ca lng
sui, kh nng vn chuyn vt liu rn, v khi
lng vt liu cung cp cho s vn chuyn ny. Deleted:
Chit sut hay ch s khc x.
3- S phn tch tng khi lng nc lin
quan n h trong mt khong thi gian xc
nh (thng l mt nm), bao gm lng nc
mt i (thm i, bay hi, chy i) v chy vo
(nc ma, dng chy vo, lng nc di t
chy vo, bm nc vo h).
regional fractures [12463] : nt n khu vc. Deleted: .
Hin tng nt n ca xy ra din rng,
t bin i v phng.
regional unconformity [12464] : khng chnh
hp khu vc. Deleted: .
Khng chnh hp th hin mt vng rng
ln v xy ra trong khong thi gian di. Ngn: Deleted:
php o khc x k
local unconformity.
register (balance sheet) of mineral reserves
[12465] : cn i tr lng khong sn, kim
k tr lng khong sn, thng k tr lng
khong sn.
Hnh thc kim k (thng k) nh nc tr
lng khong sn vo mt thi im n nh
(thng vo ngy l thng l) hng nm. Cn i
tr lng bao gm cc thng tin v s lng,
cht lng v mc nghin cu khong sn
cc m (khong sng) c gi tr cng nghip, s
phn b ca chng, mc khai thc cng
nghip, v cng ngh khai thc, v tn tht ti
nguyn v mc m bo tr lng thm
d cho khai thc cng nghip, ng thi c
nhng thay i tr lng trong nm kim k do
tnh li tr lng hoc do tin hnh thm d.
registration [12466] : ng k. Deleted: .
Qu trnh sp xp cho thng hng hai phn
nh chm nhau khi ghp nh.
regolith [12467] : regolith. Deleted:
T gc Hylp: rhegos, "lp ph dy", lithos, Formatted
516
"": Thut ng ch chung lp hay v vt liu
ri, nm li hay b mang i, c tnh rt khc
nhau, to nn gn khp ni mt lp ph b
mt, nm trn tng gc. n: mantle; soil;
mantle rock; rock mantle; overburden.
regolith, overburden [12468] : ti trng lp
ph.
Ti trng do t trm tch ph ln trn lp
t c.
regression [12469] : l thuyt regression;
thoi, li.
(cthv) L thuyt cho rng mt s sng m
ngun ca n t mt pha ca dy ni s dn
dn xi mn ln pha thng ngun cho n khi
ct qua dy ni; hin tng bin rt xa dn cc
vng b.
regression conglomerate [12470] : cui kt
bin li.
Trm tch ht th thnh to trong thi gian
bin li.
regressive diagenesis [12471]: to bin li.
regressive sediments [12472] : trm tch bin
thoi, trm tch bin li.
Hin tng trm tch trong iu kin bin rt
dn khi t lin, c trng ct a tng cc
trm tch c ht theo hng t di ln
th dn.
regular dodecahedron [12473] : hnh mi
hai mt u n hay hnh mi hai mt
ng gic.
n: pyritohedron.
regulator [12474] : iu chnh, iu ha.
Reichenbachs lamellae [12475] : tm
Reichenbach.
Bao th dng tm nh, mng ca khong vt
ngoi lai (thng l troilit, shreibersit hoc
cromit) nm trong thin thch st. Gi theo tn
nh ho hc c Karl Von Reichenbach (1788-
1864).
reinerite [12476] : reinerit.
Khong vt mu lc vng nht: Zn3(AsO3)2.
ng nhm vi renierit.
reinforced concrete [12477] : b tng ct
thp.
reinforced earth [12478] : t c ct.
t c gia c thm bng cc bin php c
hc, ha hc, v.v.
reinforcement [12479] : gia c, gia cng,
lm mnh thm.
reinforcing bars [12480] : ct thp gia c.
reinhardbraunsite [12481] : reinhardbraunsit.
Khong vt t nhin tng ng vi calcio-
chondrodrit tng hp Ca5(SiO4)2(OH, F)2.
rejected recharge [12482] : ngun b cp
phn hi.
Nc ma (hay nc mt) ngm ti mc Deleted:
nc di t nhng do tng cha nc bo Formatted
ha nn khng c tip nhn, li thot i. Formatted
rejuvenated [12483]: hi sinh, ti sinh, tr li.
Formatted
Ch cc hin tng, v d: t gy hot ng
Deleted: .
tr li, ti sinh. n: revived.
rejuvenated fault scarp [12484] : vch t
gy ti sinh. Deleted: .
Vch t gy xut hin trn c s vch (mt
trt) ca t gy c trc b phn ct
hoc bo mn.
rejuvenated water [12485] : nc ti sinh.
Nc c ngun gc nguyn sinh, v sau b
p ra khi cha di p lc ln trong qu
trnh bin cht. n: water of compaction.
rejuvenation [12486] : tr ha.
1- S kch thch gy nn do s nng cao b
hoc s h thp mc nc bin lm cho xi
mn sng tng ln.
2- S pht trin hoc phc hi cc c im Deleted: .
tr ca cnh quan v a hnh mt phm vi
b h thp gn vi mc c s, thng do nng
cao khu vc hoc vn ng chn tnh. S thay
i cc iu kin xi mn dn ti s khi u
mt chu trnh xi mn mi.
relative density [12487] : t trng tng i.
Dung trng tng i, ch s dung trng, ch Deleted:
hnh mi hai mt u n hay hnh mi
s cht ca t. hai mt ng gic.
relative dispersion [12488] : tn sc.
n: dispersive power.
relative humidity [12489] : m tng i.
T s gia m tuyt i v m bo ha
nhit tng ng, c biu th bng %.
relative index of refraction [12490] : chit
sut tng i.
Ch s chit sut c tnh bng t s gia
tc nh sng truyn trong mi trng ny so
vi mi trng kia.
n: relative refractive index.
relative permeability [12491] : thm
tng i.
T s gia thm hu hiu vi thm
tuyt i.
relative relief [12492] : a hnh tng i.
n: local relief.
relative strength value of an explosive
[12493] : gi tr cng ph tng i ca mt
cht n.
release joint [12494] : khe nt ri. Deleted: .
517
 released energy [12495] : nng lng
gii phng.
released mineral [12496] : khong vt c
gii phng.
Khong vt c thnh to trong qu trnh
kt tinh ca magma khi kt qu ca pha sm
khng xy ra tc ng tr li vi dung dch.
V vy, s thiu vng ca olivin thnh to sm
hn phn ng li vi phn dung dch mangan
to pyroxen c th dn n s lm giu dung
dch silic, cui cng kt tinh thch anh,
"khong vt c gii phng".
relict [12497] : di tch, tn d, st.
1- Vt tch ca mt phn t trn mt loi
trm tch, chng hn vt vt liu xng trn
carbonat, trn mt khong vt ti kt tinh d
dang trong trm tch.
2- a hnh b suy tn, v d: tn d xi
mn.
3- V dng a hnh cn st li sau khi
nhng phn khc ca a hnh b mang i
hoc mt i, v d: g bi bin st hoc i st.
n: relicted.
relict karst [12498] : karst st.
Karst c hnh thnh trong mt thi
gian a cht sm hn v khng b ph bi trm
tch mun hn. n: fossil karst.
relict lake [12499] : h st.
H st trong mt vng trc y l bin
hoc l h rng hn nhng b mt i tng
phn; mt h tch khi bin bi s nng cao
nh y bin.
relict mountain [12500] : ni st.
n: mountain of circumdenudation.
relict sediment [12501] : trm tch tn d.
Trm tch c lng ng trc trong th
cn bng vi mi trng quanh n, v d: trm
tch bin nng nm ti vng nc su.
reliction [12502] : y nng.
S h dn dn mc nc bin, sng, h lm
phn y c ni ln vnh vin v c bao ph
bi t kh, iu ny khng bao gm vic thay
i mc nc theo ma.
relief [12503] : a hnh; mt sn.
1- Thut ng c dng mt cch t do cho
hnh dng t nhin bn ngoi hoc tnh khng
bng phng chung ca b mt Tri t, c lin
h vi tnh a dng cao v dc, hoc vi
tnh khng ng u ca mt t. Thut ng
thng c dng lm ln vi topography mc
d cch dng hai thut ng theo ngha hnh
dng bn ngoi ca b mt l "hon ton chp
nhn c c hai theo cch ni chung v trong
cc vn liu a mo" M; S khc bit thng
ng v cao gia nh i vi vng thp hn
hoc thung lng ca mt vng no . Vng c
s khc bit ln v cao l vng "a hnh
cao", vng c cao nh l vng "a hnh
thp".
2- B mt trng th rp ca lt ct tinh th
di knh hin vi phn cc. ni ca mt sn
th hin s khc bit gia chit sut tinh th vi
mi trng cha n. Mt sn c ni dng
nu chit sut ca khong vt ln hn mi
trng, m trong trng hp ngc li.
n: shagreen.
relief feature [12504] : hnh dng a hnh.
n: landform.
relief map [12505] : bn a hnh.
Bn din t hnh dng bn ngoi mt t
hoc a hnh ca mt khu vc bng mt
phng php no , nh bng cch dng cc
ng ng mc (bn ng ng mc) v
cc nt chi, bng bng (bn a hnh
nh bng), bng cc nh chp (bn nh a
hnh), bng cc sc mu, cc tng hnh (s
a vn), bng khun cht do theo ba chiu
(bn a hnh cht do) hoc bng s kt hp
cc phng php ny.
relief well [12506] : ging gim p thy tnh.
Ging c s dng gim p lc thy tnh
d, nh gim s nc trong t hay bo v
cc vt nt trn hay p t.
Relizian [12507] : Reliz.
Bc Bc M. Miocen (nm trn Sauces,
nm di Luis).
remolded soil [12508] : t b xo trn, t
c li.
t b xo trn v c, li hnh dng
ban u.
remolinite [12509] : remolinit (kv).
n: atacamite.
remoulded clay [12510] : t st xo trn.
t st c cu trc bn trong xo trn, do
cc tc ng bn ngoi, v d do thit b ly
mu.
remoulded soil [12511] : t b xo trn.
remoulding index [12512] : ch s xo trn
mu t.
remoulding sensitivity [12513] : nhy ca
mu t b xo trn.
nhy ca t, quan h gia cng ca
t trng thi nguyn dng v trng thi b
xo trn. n: sensitivity.
518
 renardite [12514] : renardit.
Khong vt mu vng :
Pb(UO2)4(PO4)2 (OH)4.7H2O.
renate [12515] : kha mp v s.
C ra, mp ct kha nh mp v s.
renierite [12516] : renierit.
Khong vt: Cu3(Fe, Ge, Zn)(S, As)4. ng
nhm vi reinerit.
reniform [12517] : dng qu thn.
cp v mt kiu cu trc tinh th, trong
cc tinh th ta tia c gii hn trong cc
khi dng cu.
rensselaerite [12518] : renselarit.
Talc dng si cht st, gi hnh theo pyroxen
gp Canada v bc New York. N cng hn
talc v d nh bng, thng c dng lm
trang tr.
repeated twinning [12519] : song tinh lp li.
Song tinh gm hn hai c th ghp li, c
th l song tinh tun hon hoc song tinh a
hp. n: multiple twin.
Repettian [12520] : Repetti.
Bc Bc M. Pliocen h (nm trn Del-
mont, nm di Ventur).
replacement [12521] : thay th.
S dch chuyn t t ca bin theo mt trong
hai hng, hoc theo hng vo t lin, "bin
thay th" (bin tin) hay ngc li "lc a thay
th" (bin li).
replacement ore [12522] : qung thay th.
replacement orebody [12523] : thn qung
thay th.
replat [12524] : b mt nm ngang hp
ko di.
replicate [12525] : mu phn tch lp li.
c s liu v c im ca mt du hiu
ca mt th vt cht no khi phn tch ngi
ta thng tin hnh lp li vic phn tch cho
cng mt mu t c mt lot kt qu to
nn mt i lng ngu nhin, sau c th x
l bng ton hc thng k.
repose imprint [12526] : du n y.
Thut ng dng ch mt "du n y"
(sole mark) to nn do mt sinh vt nm ph ti
trm tch y.
representative basin [12527] : lu vc i
din.
Lu vc nc mt hay nc di t c
nhng yu t kh tng, thy vn, a cht thy
vn i din cho cc lu vc trong mt vng.
Cc s liu quan trc ti lu vc i din c th
p dng cho cc lu vc tng t.
representative sample [12528] : mu i
din.
Mu chn lm i din cho ton b tng t
nh ly mu. Deleted: .
reptant [12529] : b lan. Deleted: .
Ni v mt San h n th c kiu sng b
lan, khi pht trin c mt u bm vo mt vt
l; ni v mt qun th Ru ng vt gm
nhng c th khng dnh nhau nm rp, mt
u bm xung nn.
required support line [12530] : ng tr lc.
ng biu din mc tr lc cn thit i
vi mt cng trnh khai o, chng hn hm, l.
Cng vi ng cong biu din mc dch
chuyn ca t , ng tr lc lm nn
ng cong tng tc nn-tr lc (ground-
support interaction curve). N xc nh mc
tr lc cn thit gia c, m bo n nh t Deleted: .
, v thi im lp dng tr lc. Lp dng tr
lc qu sm hn ch c t dch chuyn,
song i hi mt lng tr lc ln v khng tn
dng c ti a kh nng t chng ca t
. Lp dng tr lc qu mun li lm cho t
dch chuyn qu mc cho php, khin cho
vic lp dng tr lc khng cn tin cy na v
khng d on c hnh vi sau ny ca t .
Lp dng tr lc ng lc, ng mc l mt
trong nhng yu cu ln nht ca k thut cng
trnh hin i. N i hi phi theo di st hnh
vi ng x ca t trong lc khai o, phi c
cc bin php tnh ton kp thi.
resampling [12531] : khi phc mu. Deleted: .
Nhm mc ch to nn mt nh hon ho Deleted: .
bng cch xc nh cc im nh tng ng Deleted: du vt ngng ngh
trong nh bin dng cho mi im nh gc. Gi Deleted: a)
tr mu ca im nh trong nh bin dng s Deleted: b)
c gn cho im nh tng ng trong nh
Deleted: hang ng
gc.
Deleted: mun (?)
research and development cost [12532] : chi
ph nghin cu v pht trin. Deleted: hay st
resedimentation [12533] : ti trm tch. Deleted: (?, selts)
1- Qu trnh trm tch vt liu pht sinh t Deleted: c)
trm tch c trc. Deleted: 3- Qu trnh vn ng di
2- Tch ng c hc ca vt liu trong cc l nc ca vn trm tch theo chiu
nghing trn xung do nh hng ca
hng c tui sau trm tch, v d tch ng bn trng lc, chng hn s hnh thnh trm
carbonat v bt kt do ph hy c hc ni ti tch theo dng nc c. "ti trm tch".
hoc ha tan vi. Deleted: a)
resedimented rock [12534] : ti trm tch. Deleted: bao gm
1- Loi c thnh to t vt liu ti lng
Deleted: b)
ng.
2- Trm tch sinh ra do dng nc c. Deleted: , v d, tng nhp hay grauvac,
phn lp nghing, xen vi st kt tng
resequent fault-line scarp [12535] : vch t dy.
519
 gy ti sinh.
Vch t gy c phng ph hp vi vch,
mt t gy giai on trc.
reserve audit [12536] : kim tra tr lng,
kim nh tr lng.
reserve depletion [12537] : khai thc ht
qung, khai thc cn kit qung.
reserves [12538] : tr lng.
Ti nguyn khong sn xc nh c th
khai thc c li trong iu kin kinh t-k thut
hin ti. Khi nim ny c th c s dng
phm vi ton cu, khu vc v a phng hoc
c xem nh tiu chun xem xt tnh hiu
qu ca mt m khai khong t nhn.
n: mineral reserves.
reservoir [12539] : bn cha; tng cha (du,
kh); b cha nc, h cha nc.
1- Mt khi gn b mt c rng v
thm thu cho php tch t du th, nc hoc
cht lng a nhit, kh t nhin vi cc iu
kin duy tr (by) thch hp.
2- Tng t thun li cho s tch t du
kh.
3- V d p p xy dng h cha nc, h
cha nc cho cng trnh thy in.
reservoir induced seismicity (RIS) [12540] :
a chn kch thch do h cha.
a chn pht sinh do vic xy dng cc h
cha nc mt ln lm gia tng ti trng ph
ln lp trn ca v Tri t, ph v s cn bng
a tnh. n: induced seismicity; man-made
earthquake.
reservoir rock [12541] : cha.
c rng v thm tt thun li cho
s tch t du kh, nc thng l ct kt,
vi v dolomit.
residual [12542] : tn d, st; m st, m tn
d (sk); gi tr d (vl).
1- c dim a cht hoc a hnh (nh ,
i hoc cao nguyn) th hin l mt phn nh
hoc l du vt ca khi hoc vng ln hn c
trc, cn li trn b mt bao quanh b h
thp do xi mn.
2- (sk) Khong sng khong cht c to
thnh do trm tch c hc v d nh sa khong
hoc do bin i ha hc trong i phong ha,
v d: kaolin t feldspar.
3- (vl) Gi tr d l hiu s gia gi tr thc
v gi tr khu vc, v d: trng vt l.
residual anticline [12543] : np li tn d.
Phn ni cao trong kin to vm mui do p
nn ca hai np lm ra ln cn.
residual arkose [12544] : arkos ti ch, arkos Deleted: .
tn d.
Loi arkoz thnh to ti ch do granit b Deleted: A
phn hy; loi arkoz cha b mang i nm ph
ln granit. n: grus.
residual clay [12545] : st ti ch, st tn d.
1- Vt liu st thnh to ti ch do qu trnh
phong ha cc , pht sinh t qu trnh phn Deleted: felspat b
hy ha hc v cc khong vt khc ca
hoc do cc cha st ( vi cha st) b ha
tan sau khi cc khong vt phi st b cun i. Deleted: m
2- t hay sn phm ca qu trnh to t. Deleted: khc
Ss: secondary clay. n: primary clay. Deleted: (khng phi st)
residual deformation [12546] : bin dng d.
residual deposit [12547] : tch t ti ch, tch
t tn d, m st, m tn d.
1- Phn cn li sau phong ha ti ch. Deleted: a)
2- M qung thnh to trong st do phong Deleted: (a).
ha trn b mt; di mt ca Tri t bin cc Deleted: b)
hp cht ca kim loi thnh cc oxid.
residual dispersion haloes [12548] : vnh
phn tn tn d.
Hnh thnh t ph hy cc thn mch qung,
c khng gian phn b gn gi vi qung gc
X: secondary dispersion haloes.
residual dome [12549] : vm tn d. Deleted: .
Cu to c dng vm hnh thnh giai
on mun.
residual error [12550] : sai s cn d. Deleted: .
Hiu s gia tr s o c ca mt i
lng trong mt lot quan st ( c hiu
chnh v sai s h thng) v tr s tnh ton ca
i lng. Trong thc t sai s cn d i vo
tnh ton coi nh l sai s xc xut, sai s ngu
nhin. Deleted: hoc
residual geosyncline [12551] : a mng tn
d, a mng st. Deleted: .
a mng pht trin giai on cui ca
mt chu k a mng vi cng khng ln.
residual kame [12552] : kame ti ch.
G, ng ct hoc si to thnh do s bc
tri vt liu sng bng (glacio fluvial) tng tch
ng h bng h hay sn i. Deleted: , tr.1975
n: pseudokame.
residual material [12553] : vt liu st, vt
liu tn d.
Vt liu gc ca t trng khng c kt hoc
b phong ha mt phn, c coi l pht trin
ti ch do phong ha t c kt di n, t
vt liu ny t trng c thnh to. Deleted: .
residual soil [12554] : t residial, t
tn tch.
520
 residual strength [12555] : sc bn d.
Sc bn cn d li ca t sau khi b ph
hy. Sc bn d c xc nh trn c s ng sc bn.
cong ng sut-bin dng. Sau khi t cc i,
ng cong ny i xung ti mt khong no
th hu nh chuyn sang i ngang, hm
rng sau khi mu vt b ph hy hn, vn cn
mt p lc nht nh tip tc gy dch
chuyn dc theo b mt ph hy. Ngoi ra,
cng cn xc nh sc bn d mt gc
khc, vi ngha rng ngay c khi t b momen chng.
ph hy, chng vn c mt sc bn nht nh.
residual stress [12556] : ng sut d.
ng sut cn li trong cc sau tc ng ca
u ba ng cc. ng sut cn d li trong t
sau khi d ti.
residual subsidence [12557] : ln d.
residual valley [12558] : thung lng tn d.
Mng trng xen gia cc dy ni nng cao.
residue [12559] : ti ch, tn d.
1- Tch t mnh vn hnh thnh do phong
ha, cn li ch yu ti ch tr nhng hp phn
ha tan b cun i, thng to mt lp b mt
tng i mng che lp tng di cha
phong ha hay b bin i tng phn.
n: residuum; residual deposit; eluvium.
2- Tn d khng tan.
residuum [12560] : cn.
Khi nn v nh hnh vi cc thnh phn
khng th phn bit c bng knh hin vi,
bao gm cc ht kch thc 1-2 micron hoc
nh hn, thng khng thu quang v ti mu.
resilifer [12561] : mu chng dng tha.
Mu hnh tha trn phin bn l ca mt s
Thn mm hai mnh (v d: mactra) c dy
chng trong bm vo.
resilium [12562] : dy chng trong.
Dy chng nm trong ng bn l Thn
mm hai mnh, b phin bn l p li khi cc
mnh v khp li.
resin jack [12563] : jack nha.
n: rosin jack.
resin opal [12564] : opal nha.
Opal thng thng c mu vng mt ong hoc
vng nn, c nh nha.
resin tin [12565] : thic nha.
n: rosin tin.
resinous luster [12566] : nh nha.
nh ging nh ca nha trn b mt vt v
ca mt s khong vt xc nh (nh opal, lu
hunh, h phch, sphalerit) v (nh
hc n).
resistance [12567] : sc khng, sc chng,
resistates [12568] : ti trm tch bn vng.
Trm tch c thnh phn gm nhng khong Deleted: ang
vt bn vng ha hc, giu cc mnh vn phong Deleted: v
ha; cc trm tch giu thch anh, cng giu
zircon, ilmenit, rutil v him hn l casiterit,
monazit v vng. Deleted: i chiu: hydrolyzates;
resisting moment [12569] : momen khng, oxydates; reduzates; evaporates.
Momen to nn do cc lc v cnh tay n
ngc chiu vi momen do ngoi lc to nn.
resistivity survey [12570] :
Kho st v thm d bng o in tr khng.
resolution [12571] : phn gii. Deleted: .
resource estimation [12572] : nh gi
ti nguyn.
Qu trnh nh gi nh lng v cht lng
ti nguyn khong sn.
resources [12573] : ti nguyn. Deleted: a)
Tng tr lng ton b cc m khong Deleted: vn
c nh gi l c gi tr kinh t, cc m
khong v mt kinh t-k thut cha th khai
thc trong iu kin hin ti v cc m khong Deleted: mt
d bo c th c pht hin. Chng l vn ti
nguyn khong sn ca ton cu, khu vc hoc Deleted: b)
a phng. n: mineral resources. Xem thm: Deleted: Insoluble residue
identified subeconomic resources; hypothetical
Deleted: (?)
resources; speculartive resources.
resslerite [12574] : reslerit. Deleted: ,
Khong vt h n nghing : Deleted: gii
MgH(AsO4).7H2O. ng hnh vi phosphor- Deleted: mm
peslerit. Deleted: (c)
resultant stress [12575] : ng sut tng, ng Deleted: .
sut kt qu.
resupinate [12576] : ln ngc, o ngc. Deleted: .
Ln ngc hay o ngc v v tr, nht l
ni v cc v Tay cun c mnh bng lm
(thng l li) v mnh lng li (thng l lm)
trong qu trnh trng thnh ca v.
resurgent vapor [12577] : hi nc, kh.
1- Hi nc ti hin. Nc di t b bay
hi khi tip xc vi nng.
2- Kh trong magma; n: juvenile.
resurrected [12578] : hi sinh.
1- V b mt, cnh quan, a hnh (nh ni,
bn bnh nguyn, vch t gy) c phc hi
bi v tr trc y ca n trong a hnh hin
ti. n: exhumed.
2- V dng chy trong mt h thng sng Deleted:
sm hn trc thi k chm ngp ngn ngi c
521
lng c c bo v di mt lp mng trm
tch. n: palingenetic.
resurrected karst [12579] : karst hi sinh.
Karst c ti hot ng.
resurrected peneplain shoreline [12580] :
ng b bn bnh nguyn hi sinh.
ng b bn bnh nguyn hi sinh nghing
b chm ngp, c th l ng rt thng v di.
retained water [12581] : nc tn lu.
Nc cn gi li trong t sau khi nc
trng lc thot ra ht. Mt phn c hp
th bi lc hp dn phn t, mt phn lu li
trong cc khe nt hay l hng.
retaining dam [12582] : p gi nc.
retaining wall [12583] : tng chn.
Mt bc tng xy thoi chn chn lc
y ca t hoc nc. n nh ca tng
chn t c nh s n nh ca khi xy hoc
b tng hoc da vo sc chu ca cng xn
ca tng. Trong trng hp dng cng xn,
trng lng t nm trn chn tng c dng
tng n nh ca tng.
retardation [12584] : hiu s ng i hay
chm.
Trong quang hc tinh th l qung ng i
chm hn ca sng chm so vi sng nhanh khi
truyn qua mt tm tinh th d hng. chm
ph thuc vo dy tinh th v s khc bit
gia hai chit sut tng ng vi hai phng
truyn sng.
retention [12585] : lng nc gi li.
Lng nc ma tr i lng nc chy mt
v bay hi.
retgersite [12586] : retgersit.
Khong vt h bn phng : NiSO4.6H2O.
Lng hnh vi hexahydrit nickel.
reticulate [12587] : dng li.
Ni v ht phn v bo t c t im cc g
to thnh mng li kh u n.
reticulated bar [12588] : ct an cho.
Nhm gm cc ct ngp nc cht t v
phn ra thnh hai h thng. C hai h thng u
ct cho ng b to nn kiu an cho nhau.
Cc ct an cho nhau thy c trong cc
vnh v cc ph trn b trong ca cc o chn.
retinalite [12589] : retinalit.
Khong vt serpentin mu lc nht hoc
vng mt ong, c st, c nh nha, nh nn, l
mt loi cryzotil.
retractor muscle [12590] : c co, c rt.
C c chc nng co mt c quan hay mt b
phn vo bn trong.
retrochoanitic [12591] : c c quay sau. Deleted: .
Ni v vch ngn ca Chn u c c vch
hng v pha sau (v pha nh).
retrodiagenesis [12592] : tc dng biu sinh.
X: hypergenesis.
retrograde diagenesis [12593] : biu sinh.
X: hypergenesis.
retrograde metamorphism [12594] : bin
cht git li.
L kiu a bin cht, cc khong vt bin
cht bc thp thay th cc khong vt c trng
cho cc bc cao ca qu trnh bin cht, thch
ng vi s thay i iu kin vt l, v d nh
s gim thp ca nhit . n: diaphthoresis,
rotrogressive metamorphism.
retrograding shoreline [12595]: ng b li.
ng b b di chuyn v pha sau do s
cng ph ca sng. n: abration shoreline.
retrogression [12596] : thoi lui, git li.
n: recession.
retrogressive erosion [12597] : bo mn
git li.
n: headward erosion.
retrogressive landslide [12598] : trt l t
li dn.
Trt l t ln dn, rng dn, ngc ln
nh dc.
retrogressive metamorphism [12599] : bin
cht git li.
n: retrograde metamorphism.
return flow [12600] : dng hi quy.
Lng nc chy t cc im s dng n
cc ngun nc mt hoc nc di t v c
kh nng tip tc c s dng. n: return
water; waste water.
return water [12601] : nc hi quy.
n: retum flow.
retzian [12602] : retzian.
Khong vt h trc thoi mu nu:
Mn2Y[AsO4](OH)4.
revdite [12603] : revdit.
Khong vt: Na2Si2O5.5H2O.
reverse drag [12604] : ko ngc. Deleted: .
Hin tng bin dng dc theo t gy to
nn mt hoc mt s cc np un c phn li
(cong) ngc chiu vi cc np un ko theo
thng thng, l c im ca cc t gy
thun ni c mt trt dc, phn li ca
np un hng theo hng dc.
reverse fault [12605] : t gy nghch. Deleted: .
t gy c mt trt nghing v pha (cnh)
c nng ln (tng i); cnh treo chuyn
522
ng ln pha trn so vi cnh nm; c gc dc
ca mt trt thng ln hn 45o.
reverse grading [12606] : ht nghch o.
Kiu phn tng trong cng xa im xut
pht (bas) kch thc ht cng tng.
Ss: graded bedding.
reverse separation [12607] : tch ngc.
Hin tng tch c xc nh song song
vi ng dc trong mt ct t gy vi
cnh treo.
reverse similar fold [12608] : np un tng
t ngc.
Np un c b dy ca lp cnh dy hn
so vi b dy ca n vm, tri ngc vi np
un tng t (similar fold).
reverse slip fault [12609] : t gy trt
ngc, t gy nghch xui.
t gy nghch c cnh treo dch chuyn ln
pha trn so vi cnh nm.
reversed fault [12610] : t gy nghch.
n: reverse fault.
reverse-flowage fold [12611] : np li
dn ngc.
Np un hnh thnh do qu trnh bin dng
lm tng b dy vm np li v lm gim b
dy vm np lm tri vi kiu chy bnh
thng trong np un chy (flow fold).
reversing current [12612] : dng bin ngc.
Dng thy triu chy theo kiu lun phin
i hng ngc nhau trong mt khong thi
gian gn nh nhau vi mt thi k khng
chuyn ng quay ngc rt di. Dng sng
chy ngc c cc ca sng ming phu, lm
cn tr dng chy v pha t lin.
n: rectilinear current.
reversing dune [12613] : n ct ngc.
n ct c xu hng pht trin cao bt
thng, nhng di chuyn ch khong cch rt
hn ch "bi v s chuyn hng gi thng tr
theo ma to s di ng theo hng gn ngc
li vi n". Dng chung ca n l backhan
hoc n quay ngang nhng hng v cu trc
bn trong n khc nhau, do hng ngc ca
mt dc nghing.
revetment [12614] : lp bo v.
revived fault scarp [12615] : vch t gy
ti sinh.
n: rejuvenated fault scarp.
revived folding [12616] : un np vm mng.
n: recurrent folding.
reworked [12617] : ti lng ng.
Ni v trm tch, ha thch, mnh vn
hay cc vt liu a cht khc; b tch ra, b
cun i bi cc tc nhn t nhin khi ch n
sinh ra, cha bin i nhiu v tham gia vo
thnh phn ca nhng thnh to mun hn.
Ss: derived, remanie. Formatted
reyerite [12618] : reyerit. Formatted
Khong vt: Deleted: .
(Na,K)4Ca14(Si, Al)24O60(OH)5.5H2O.
rezbanyite [12619] : rezbanyit.
Khong vt mu xm: Pb3Cu2Bi10S19.
rhabdacanth [12620] : x gai. Deleted: .
Thanh x San h Rugosa c cc si lin Deleted: .
quan n cc trung tm tng trng ring r, c
tnh chuyn tip, tp trung xung quanh mt
trung tm chnh.
rhabdophane [12621] : rhabdophan.
Khong vt mu nu, hng nht hoc trng Deleted: .
pht vng: (Ce, La)PO4.H2O.
Rhaetian [12622] : Rhaet.
Bc chu u. Bc cao nht ca Trias (nm
trn Nori, nm di Hettang ca Jura).
rheid fold [12623] : np un lu bin. Deleted: .
Np un ca cc tng c tnh lu bin b Deleted: .
bin dng.
rhenium [12624] : rheni (Re).
Nguyn t ha hc s 75, nguyn t lng
186,2071; t trng 21.02 g/cm3, thuc nhm
khng kim loi nng, qu, siderophil, c 1 ng
v bn v 40 khng bn. Hm lng Re trong
cc (ppm): v lc a trn l 0,0004; siu
mafic <0,0001; gabro-basalt 0,0004; granit-
granodiorit 0,0006; phin 0,0005. Khong
vt tiu biu l dzhezkazganit (CuReS4), Re
cng c trong molybdenit, zircon v gadolinit.
Phng php phn tch: ICP-MS, INAA. Dng
trong cc lnh vc xc tc, n chp nh, b Deleted: trong Rb
iu khin nhit t ng.
rhenium osmium age method [12625] :
phng php rheni-osmi xc nh tui.
Phng php xc nh tui ny da trn c
s tnh t s ca Re187 v Os187 v bit hng
phn r ca Re187. Hn ch ca phng php
ny l hm lng ca Re trong v lc a rt
thp, kh xc nh.
rheology [12626] : lu bin hc.
Khoa hc nghin cu s bin dng ca cc
cht lu.
rheomorphic fold [12627] : np un lu bin.
n: rheid fold.
rhinestone [12628] : rhin.
1- gi kim cng c nh mnh, r tin, Deleted: (a)
c lm t mt tm thu tinh c gn kim
523
loi cho nh mnh ging nh kim cng.
2- T gc ng ngha vi thch anh tinh th.
3- i khi l tn gi loi thu tinh khng
mu hoc c mu ng nht hoc mu tng
phn.
rhipidacanth [12629] : x phc.
Thanh x phc hp San h Rugosa gm
mt thanh nguyn thy trung tm, t ta ra
cc x bc 2 ngn thng gc vi trc di ca
vch, c trng ca h Phillipsastraeidae.
rhiroconcretion [12630] : kin trc r cy.
Kin trc dng kt hch nh trong trm
tch, hnh ng hay hnh nn, thng phn
nhnh, ging b r cy. C th gm cc vt liu
nh calis (NaNO3) hay silic.
n: rhizomorph; root cast.
rhirocretion [12631] : kt hch r cy.
Thut ng dng ch khi dng kt hch rng,
hnh thnh quanh b r ca mt thc vt
sng.
rhizoid [12632] : dng r, cu trc dng r.
Ging hnh mt b r, v d "gai dng r"
Tay cun, c tc dng bm vo mt b mt bn
ngoi; mt dng cu trc dng r Ru ng
vt.
rhodesite [12633] : rhodesit.
Khong vt: (Ca, Na2,K2)Si16O40.11H2O.
rhodite [12634] : rhodit.
Khong vt cha hp kim t sinh ca
rhodium (khong 40%) v vng.
rhodium [12635] : rhodi (Rh).
1- Nguyn t ha hc s 45, nguyn t
lng 102,9055; t trng 12,41 g/cm3, thuc
nhm kim loi nng, qu, PGE, chacophil,
siderophil, c 1 ng v bn v 45 khng bn.
Khong vt tiu biu l holingworthit (Rh, Pd,
Pt)AsS v irarsit (Ir, Ru, Rh, Pt)AsS. Rh cng
thy c trong cc khong vt olivin, ilmenit,
zircon, cromit v gadolinit. Phng php phn
tch: ICP-MS. Sn lng hng nm khong 300
tn cho c nhm PGE. Cng dng ca Rh: cht
xc tc, kim hon, trang tr, b iu khin nhit
t ng.
2- Khong vt h lp phng: RhPt, trong
rhodi chim phn ch yu.
rhodizite [12636] : rhodizit.
Khong vt: Cs Al4Be4B11O25(OH)4.
rhodochrosite [12637] : rhodochrosit.
Khong vt mu hng hoc hng tm n
xm, h ba phng, thuc nhm calcit: MnCO3,
ng hnh vi calcit, siderit, thng cha mt t
calci, st. L qung th yu ca mangan.
n: dialogite, manganese spar, raspberry
spar. Deleted: (b)
rhodochrostone [12638] : rhodochrosit. Deleted: (c)
Loi trm tch c thnh phn ch yu l Deleted:
rhodochrosit (MnCO3), c th hoc khng cha
Deleted: cha khang chnh
cc khong vt carbonat khc.
Deleted: cc khong carbonat khc
rhodolite [12639] : rhodolit.
Granat mu hng tm, hng, ta n tm. C
thnh phn ho hc gia pyrop v almandin.
c trng bi trong cao hn, tng mu sng
hn hai khong vt trn v c dng lm ngc.
rhodonite [12640] : rhodonit.
Khong vt mu nht, hng, hng tm
n pht nu, h ba nghing, thuc nhm
pyroxen: MnSiO3. i khi cha calci, st,
magnesi, km. Thng c sc, di en ca oxid
mangan. Rodonit c dng lm trang tr,
c bit Nga. n: manganese spar, Deleted: , tr.631
manganolite. Deleted: tng
rhodostannite [12641] : rhodostannit. Deleted: hnh
Khong vt h su phng: Cu2FeSn3S8. Deleted: cy
rhodusite [12642] : rhodusit.
Khong vt h n nghing thuc nhm
amphibol: Na2(Fe+2,Mg)3Fe +2 3 Si8O22(OH)2, gn
vi ribeckit v thnh phn ho hc.
rhomb [12643] : hnh mt thoi hay khi hnh
thoi.
a din su mt l hnh bnh hnh u cnh;
trong tinh th hc l rhombohedron.
rhomb spar [12644] : spat thoi.
Deleted: h
Khong vt dolomit c tinh th hnh mt
thoi.
rhombic dipyramidal class [12645] : lp
(nhm) thp i h thoi.
Lp tinh th h trc thoi c i xng 2/m
2/m 2/m.
rhombic disphenoidal class [12646] : lp bn
mt h thoi.
Lp tinh th thuc h thoi, c i xng 222.
rhombic dodecahedron [12647] : hnh mi
hai mt thoi.
Hnh n tinh th h lp phng, l a din
gm mi hai mt thoi bng nhau.
rhombic pyramidal classs [12648] : lp thp
h thoi.
Lp i xng tinh th h trc thoi, c i
xng m m 2.
rhombic system [12649] : h trc thoi.
Thut ng ny t dng do d nhm vi t
rhombohedron. n: orthorhombic system. Formatted
rhomboclase [12650] : rhomboclas.
524
 Khong vt: HFe+3(SO4)2.4H2O. Thng gp
dng tm hnh thoi, khng mu, vi ct khai
c s.
rhombohedral class [12651] : lp mt thoi.
Lp tinh th phn h mt thoi ca h ba
phng, c i xng 3.
rhombohedral cleavage [12652] : ct khai
mt thoi.
Ct khai ca khong vt theo mt song song
vi mt ca hnh mt thoi. V d, ct khai theo
mt (1011) ca calcit.
rhombohedral iron ore [12653] : qung st
mt thoi.
n: hematite; siderite.
rhombohedral lattice [12654] : mng
mt thoi.
Mng tm ca h ba phng. c s l hnh
mt thoi, gp trong lp i xng tinh th c trc
bc ba. c s cha 3 nt mng, 1 gc, 2
phn b cn xng dc mt ng cho di.
rhombohedral system [12655] : h mt thoi.
L mt nhnh ca h ba phng, c c s
l hnh mt thoi.
rhombohedron [12656] : hnh mt thoi.
Hnh n tinh th, l hnh khi bnh hnh
gm 6 mt hnh bnh hnh bng nhau, c trng
cho h ba phng v h su phng.
n: rhomb.
rhombolith [12657] : rhombolit.
n: scapolite.
rhopaloid septum [12658] : vch ty u.
Vch San h Rugosa n th c u pha
trc dy ln r rt, lm cho mt ct ca chng
c hnh gy ty.
rhyncholite [12659] : u hm.
Mt mu u hay mt phn ca hm Chn
u, thng gp Chn u Nautiloidea Trias
di dng ha thch.
Rhynchonelloid [12660] : Rhynchonellida.
Tay cun c khp thuc mt b gm cc i
biu c v mang nh cong dng m, mt
cung bm chc nng v mt khe delta b cc
phin delta y li mt phn. Tui: Ordovic
gia n ngy nay.
rhyoandesite [12661] : ryoandesit.
phun tro thnh phn tng ng grano-
diorit.
rhyocrystal [12662] : ryocrystal.
Cc tinh th t hnh sp xp theo dng
dng chy.
rhyodacite [12663] : ryodacit.
Cc magma phun tro kin trc porphyr c
thnh phn gia dacit v ryolit, gm c thch
anh, plagioclas v biotit (hoc hornblend), to
nn cc ban tinh trn nn ht nh n thy tinh
to thnh bi felspar kim, cc khong vt silicat.
V mt thnh phn tng ng vi granodiorit
hoc monzonit thch anh.
n: quartz latite; dellenite; toscanite.
rhyodiabasic [12664] : ryodiabas.
Thut ng c ch kin trc ophit ca
magma trong cc ban tinh plagioclas t nhiu
song song vi nhau.
rhyolite [12665] : ryolit.
Nhm magma phun tro, c trng bi
kin trc porphyr v thng c kin trc dng Deleted: (a)
chy vi cc ban tinh thch anh v felspar kim Deleted:
trn nn thu tinh n n tinh. Cc ca nhm (b) Siderite [mineral].
ny v thnh phn tng ng granit. Ryolit s
c xp vo ryodacit khi hm lng felspar
kim gim v nu hm lng thch anh gim th
c xp vo trachyt. Xut x t ch Hy Lp-
rhyo rhyax c ngha l "dng chy dung nham".
n: liparite.
rhyotaxitic texture [12666] : kin trc dng
chy.
n: flow textur.
rhythmic crystallization [12667] : kt tinh
nhp iu.
Hin tng xy ra trong khi xm nhp
magma, trong cc tinh th ca cc khong vt
khc nhau kt tinh thnh cc lp ng tm, to
nn khi hnh cu tng trng. Deleted: .
rhythmic sedimentation [12668] : trm
tch nhp.
Mt trnh t trm tch u n c lp li
n nh, quan st thy trong mt h tng trm Deleted: .
tch ca hai hay nhiu n v thch a tng; Deleted: chng c sp t theo mt
C th c hai cu t (cc lp bt kt v st xen trt t ring v bc l s ti din thng
xuyn, bit trc, hay l mt m hnh ca
nhau), hoc nhng c tnh trm tch bao qut cng mt chui iu kin.
ton b h thng cho n hng trm mt Deleted: st
chiu dy.
Deleted: (?)
rhythmic succession [12669] : t hp nhp.
Mt trnh t ca cc n v thch a tng Deleted: bin thin ln ca
th hin s thay i lin tc v ti din v Deleted: cc
thch hc. Thut ng ny ch s lp li lin tc Deleted: v cc n v
ca mt chui y cc lp trm tch c km Deleted: hoc mt trnh t trung gian
theo cc loi ha thch khc nhau. no gia hai cu t. Xem : cyolic
sedimentation.
rhythmite [12670] : nhp.
n v ring bit ca mt trnh t (trm tch) Deleted: . K tip,
c nhp (rhythmic succession) hay ca cc lp
pht trin theo trm tch c nhp (rhythmic
sedimentation). Thut ng dng ch mt cp Deleted: i chiu: cyclothem.
cc loi trm tch khc nhau hay mt chui
525
k tip trm tch, to ra mt n v ca cc lp
xp c nhp (theo nhp). Thut ng khng gii
hn v dy v v tnh phc tp ca s phn
lp, v khng mang ngha thi gian hay theo
ma. n: rthymic unit.
ria [12671] : ca ct kha.
1- Ca thot triu hoc nhnh bin hp, di,
i khi dng nm. C chiu su v chiu rng
gim dn u v pha t lin. Chng c to
nn do s chm ngp phn thp ca thung lng
sng hp hoc ca sng ming phu. Nguyn
bn, thut ng ch gii hn cho ca thot triu
dc to ra ni c phng cu trc b
vung gc vi ng b. Sau ny, thut ng
c b sung thm - l vng t b chm ngp
c ra b t ngang ti ng b.
2- Ca sng rng hoc ca sng ming phu
(bao gm c b) khng nht thit c vnh, c
to ra bi s chm ngp tng phn ca mt
thung lng m.
ria coast [12672] : b ct kha.
B c ca ct kha song song, di su vo
t lin v xen k vi cc mi nh, pht trin
ni c phng cu trc b vung gc vi
phng ng b.
ria shoreline [12673] : ng b ct kha.
ng b c nhiu ca ming phu c to
ra do chm ngp tng phn, ra t lin b t
thnh tng on bi cc thung lng sng.
rib [12674] : g; g ni.
1- (cs) Mt ng ni hng tm hay ng
tm trn b mt mt mnh v, v d t im ta
tia Tay cun, hay t im ng tm Thn
mm hai mnh (v d: hn).
2- (m) Lp hoc th tng to nn mt
sn sng nh trn ng ni dc.
rib furrow [12675] : rnh xen sn.
n: interpleural furrow.
rib pillars [12676] : tr chng dng v ko.
rich ore [12677] : qung giu.
richellite [12678] : richelit.
Khong vt cha c xc nh chc chn:
Ca3Fe10(PO4)8(OH, F)12.nH2O, gp dng khi
v nh hnh mu vng.
richelsdorfite [12679] : richelsdorfit.
Khong vt:
Ca2Cu5Sb[Cl/OH6/(AsO4)4].6H2O.
richetite [12680] : richetit.
Khong vt, oxid ca Pb v U.
Richmondian [12681] : Richmond.
Bc Bc M, Ordovic thng (nm trn
Maysvilli, nm di Alexandri ca Silur).
richterite [12682] : richterit.
1- Khong vt nhm amphibol, mu nu Deleted: (a)
vng, hng h n nghing:
(Na, K)2(Mg, Mn, Ca)6Si8O22(OH)2. Deleted: thi
2- Khong vt cui dy ca nhm Deleted: v. Xem : lamirete.
amphibol: Na2CaMg5Si8O22(OH)2. Deleted: (b)
Ss: soda tremolite.
rickardite [12683] : rickardit.
Khong vt mu ta m: Cu7Te5.
ridge [12684] : di ni, sng ni gia i
dng (kt); g, np, np nhn (cs); cn, g.
1- (kt) Vng tch gin ko di gia i
dng c phun tro, to nn g ni cao, hnh
thnh sng ni ngm gia cc i dng.
2- (cs) Phn c th nh cao ca ng vt ni
ln trn b mt, v d np gp hp tng i di
ca v th sinh Tay cun (Brachiopoda) hoc
g ngang ca Hu bin (Crinoidea). Cn c
ngha l mt din phn tch hai l chn mt k
nhau ca Cu gai u n.
3- (m) Cn thp i khi thy cao hn mc
nc bin; Ch cao, di c sn dc ca y
bin; Vng trc b ca mt bi bin ct khi
triu rng; Thut ng chung cho mt ni cao
hp, di ca b mt Tri t, thng c dng
nh nhn, sc, sn dc, ng c lp hoc
nh l mt phn ca khi ni hoc i rng
hn, v d vng a hnh cao gia cc sng;
Dy i, ni; nh hoc phn cao hn ca i.
nh di, hp ca i ni. Deleted: .
ridge and ravine topography [12685] : a
hnh hm, sng cao.
Cnh quan cn bng ng lc chu tc ng
xi mn khu vc trong vng kh hu nhit i
m.
ridge and valley topography [12686] : a
hnh thung lng, sng cao.
Mt t c c trng bi h thng ni tip
nhau ca cc thung lng v sng cao song song
hoc gn song song vi nhau. c thnh to
bi xi mn cc un np mnh c bn
vng khc nhau.
ridge fault [12687] : a ly.
Cu trc to bi cc t gy c phn trung
tm c nng ln, l ra c hn so vi
xung quanh.
ridge top trench [12688] : mng, sng nh.
Rnh, i khi c gn nh dy ni cao,
sn dc c hnh thnh bi phin rng
trn dc theo mt trt t nhiu song song vi
sn sng cao. Mng trng thng song song
vi nh sng.
526
 ridge-ridge transform fault [12689] : t gy
bin dng gia i dng, ct qua sng ni
gia i dng.
t gy bin dng ct qua dy ni ngm
gia i dng.
ridge-top trench [12690] : vc nh.
Vc nh, i khi gp trong hoc gn nh
ca cc di ni c sn dc, c thnh to do
s dch trt ca cc khi dng tm rng dc
theo mt ct, t nhiu song song vi sn.
riebeckite [12691] : riebeckit.
Khong vt nhm amphibol mu lam hoc
en, h n nghing: Na2(Fe, Mg)5Si8O22(OH)2,
l hp phn nguyn thy trong mt s
magma xm nhp acid hoc giu natri.
riedel shears [12692] : cu to ct riedel.
Thut ng mang tn nh a cht Riedel,
ch cc cu to ph hy ct trt sinh ra trong
qu trnh bin dng, lc u bn cnh t gy
chnh l mng t gy hoc ph hy dng bc,
cnh g (en echelon), sau xut hin cc cu
to ct Riedel hoc cu to ct R v R' (vit tt
t ch Rieden) sinh i vi nhau. Trong c
mt h thng (R) to vi t gy chnh mt gc
khong 10o n 20o hoc 30o, v mt h thng
(R') to vi t gy chnh mt gc ln hn t
khong 70o n 80o.
riffle hollow [12693] : vng nc cn.
Trng nng trn lp bi tch ca dng chy,
thng su 8-30cm, hnh thnh do cc lp
cng mm xen k b xm thc khc nhau.
rift [12694] : rift, tch gin; ng t
trong .
1- Trng hp ko di gii hn bi cc t
gy thun; a ho c qui m ln c hnh
thnh lin quan vi qu trnh tch gin.
2- Ch nt tch su hoc nhng ch h khc
trong (nh trong granit), c to ra do s
rn nt v ch tch. T ca th ch .
rift fault [12695] : t gy rift.
t gy gii hn phm vi thung lng rift.
Thut ng dng cho cc t gy thun v cc
t gy chuyn dch ngang ln.
rift lake [12696] : h rift.
Vng st ln theo t gy quy m nh. H
pht trin vng rift.
rift trough [12697] : trng rift.
Trng pht trin trn i t gy tch gin
rift. n: rift valley.
rift valley [12698] : thung lng rift.
1- Thung lng c pht trin dc theo cu
trc rift. n: fault trough; rift trough.
2- Khe nt su trung tm nh ca cc ni Formatted
ngm gia i dng (midoceanic ridge). n: Formatted
central valley; median valley; midoceanic rift. Formatted
rift zone [12699] : i rift.
Deleted: .
1- H thng cc t gy ph hy tch gin,
Deleted: .
st ln.
2- i cu trc ni la Ha Oai lin quan Deleted: .
vi phc h mch di.
rifting [12700] : tch gin, to rift. Deleted: .
rift-valley lake [12701] : h thung lng rift.
Vng st ln c qui m nh lin quan vi
rift. n: sag pond.
rig [12702] : thit b khoan.
rig floor [12703] : sn khoan.
Kt cu dng lm nn trong qu trnh thi
cng khoan. Deleted: .
right-handed separation [12704] : trt
bng phi.
n: right-lateral separation.
right-lateral fault [12705] : t gy trt
bng phi. Deleted: .
n: dextral fault. Deleted: vi
right-lateral separation [12706] : trt Formatted
bng phi.
Deleted: .
S dch chuyn dc theo t gy, trn bnh
thy cnh pha trn i din vi ngi quan
st dch chuyn v pha tay phi.
right-slip fault [12707] : t gy trt phi.
t gy trt ngang, trong cnh pha trn
i din vi ngi quan st dch chuyn sang
pha tay phi. Deleted: n
rigid block failure [12708] : ph hy ca khi Deleted: xi mn
cng. Deleted: .
rigid body displacement [12709] : dch
chuyn ca th cng.
rigid foundation [12710] : mng cng.
Mng c gi thit l cng, khng
bin dng.
rigid pavement [12711] : ng cng.
Kt cu ng cng.
rigidity [12712] : cng.
rigidity modunus [12713] : modun cng
ca t.
rijkeboerite [12714] : rikeboerit.
Khong vt nhm pyroclo:
Ba(Ta,Nb)2(O,OH)7, giu Ba tng t
microlit.
rilandite [12715] : rilandit.
Khong vt: (Cr, Al)6SiO11.5H2O (?).
rill [12716] : rnh, lch.
Lch nh mang nc vo bin hoc h sau
khi sng b v trn bi bin. n: rill channel.
527
 rill erosion [12717] : xi mn rnh.
S pht trin ca mt lot cc khe nh l kt
qu ca cc dng nc chy qua mt t g
gh, cc dng chy ny tp trung thnh cc khe
sui nh. Qu trnh ny l qu trnh trung gian
gia bo mn u khp b mt v bo mn
thnh knh mng (sheet erosion v gully
erosion). n: rill wash; rilling; rillwork.
rill flow [12718] : dng chy rnh.
Dng chy mt chy theo cc khe rt nh.
rill mark [12719] : vt rnh.
1- Rnh nh, dng cnh cy do sng v triu
xung to nn trn mt bn ct ven b chng
hn, rnh hnh thnh bn pha khut gi ca
vin cui (v s, v.v.), cc vt cn khc v
thng phn nhnh.
2- Rnh dng cnh cy hnh thnh do dng
chy ra trn nn ct hay trn bn phng; n
phn nhnh khi chy xung dc.
rill wash [12720] : xi mn rnh.
n: rill erosion. Cng cn vit l rillwash.
rilling [12721] : xi mn rnh.
n: rill erosion.
rillwork [12722] : xi mn rnh.
n: rill erosion.
rim gypsum [12723] : vnh thch cao.
Thch cao dng tm mng trong tinh th
anhydrit, c l c thnh to t dung dch hn
l do thay th (Goldman, 1952).
rim syncline [12724] : np lm vin.
Phn trng qui m a phng pht trin bao
quanh vm mui; mui trong lp nm di b
dch chuyn v pha vm.
rimcementation [12725] : qu trnh gn kt
rim; rim lin kt.
Thut ng ch s m rng th sinh
(secondary enlargement) ca cc trm tch
mnh vn; chng hn, kt ta CaCO3 ph mt
lp rim quanh ht cng thnh phn, nh trong
vi Hu bin, mi ht (hoc vn Hu bin)
xi mng b xm thc.
rimpylite [12728] : rimpylit.
Tn mt nhm gm mt s hornblend mu
lc hoc nu giu (Al,Fe)2O3.
rimrock [12729] : g , ra . Deleted: ra
1-Tng hnh thnh hay dng ln bn ra
ca mt tng t bi hay tng cui. Deleted: va
2-Lp cng chc nm ngang (nh dng
dung nham) l ra cao nguyn, ni mt bn,
thng to vch ng hoc g .
3-G hoc mt l , v d: vch ng hoc Deleted:
mt gn nh dc ng trn tng khe hm. Deleted: a)
n: rim.
rimstone [12730] : rimstone, vi dng
v mng.
Tng calcit dng v mng vy quanh bn
trng ngp nc hay m h. Deleted: b)
rimstone barrier [12731] : tng rimstone.
Tng rimstone to nn mt m h hay bn
trng gi l h rimstone.
n: gour; travertine dam; rimstone dam.
rimstone pool [12732] : h rimstone.
m h hay bn nc c hnh thnh v
vy quanh bi b vi (rimstone dam).
ring [12733] : vng.
1- Cu trc c dng vng, khp kn.
2- Tin th ca cc nhnh r quai tay hon
chnh ca Tay cun Terebratellidae, gm mt
ai trn mng, hp pha bng, nhng rng ra
pha lng n ch ni n vi vch gia.
ring complex [12734] : phc h vng.
T hp cc ai hoc cc th a cht c cu
Deleted: vn
to dng vng, dng nn.
ring depression [12735] : trng dng vng. Deleted: .
Vng b st ln c dng vnh khn bao bc Deleted:
xung quanh mt vng nng cao do un np Deleted: .
hoc t gy to nn. Deleted: mnh
ring dike [12736] : ai mch dng vng;
Deleted: t sng
ai vng.
ai mch trn bnh c dng vng trn Deleted: )

l mt tinh th n, thm ph bi xi mng hoc vng khp kn gn trn, trong mt ct c Deleted: i chiu: granular
cementation.
calcit thnh mt mng lin hon. dng thng ng hoc nghing so vi trc ca
rime [12726] : b, bin, vnh, g, mp hoc cung trn ni trn. Deleted: .
mt ca a hnh. ring fault [12737] : t gy dng vng, t Deleted:
rimming wall [12727] : tng vy bc, tng gy vng. Deleted: .
vin. Kiu t gy dc dng vng hoc dng ng Deleted: tn
Th tn d dng sng ni dc ng hnh lin quan vi cc vng st ln lng cho hoc
Deleted: ;
thnh sau xm thc t cc lp vi ht vn, nng dng vm.
Deleted: .
rng, thm nc, gn kt yu, sinh ra trong iu ring fissure [12738] : khe nt dng vng, khe
kin nhit i v nhit i (v d Okinawa v nt vng. Deleted: K
cc o Thi Bnh Dng) do xi mng ha th Khe nt pht trin trong xung quanh mt Deleted: .
sinh trn mt dc ng nguyn sinh, sau nn im c dng gn nh vng trn. Deleted: ri

528
 ring fracture [12739] : t gy dng vng.
n: ring fault.
ring shear apparatus [12740] : thit b ct
vng mu t.
ring silicate [12741] : silicat vng.
n: cyclosilicate.
ring structure [12742] : cu to vng, cu
trc vng.
Thut ng chung dng ch cc cu trc
trn bnh din c dng vng.
ring syncline [12743] : trng dng vng.
n: ring depression.
ringer [12744] : ct chung.
Lp mng ct kt ht mn, bn chc, gn kt
tt cho m thanh trong tro vang di khi ba g
vo.
ring-fracture intrusion [12745] : ai mch
dng vng, ai vng.
n: ring dike.
ringwoodite [12746] : ringwoodit.
Khong vt nhm spinel mu ta:
(Mg, Fe)2SiO4, l bin th a hnh h lp
phng ca olivin.
rinkite [12747] : rinkit.
n: mosandrite.
rinkolite [12748] : rinkolit.
n: mosandrite.
rinneite [12749] : rineit.
Khong vt khng mu, hng tm, tm hoc
vng, h mt thoi: NaK3FeCl6, ng hnh vi
clormanganokalit.
Rio Declaration [12750] : tuyn ngn Rio.
Vn kin chung nht, c tnh chin lc,
c thng qua ti Hi ngh Lin hip quc v
mi trng v pht trin hp Rio de Zaneiro
thng 6/1992. Tuyn ngn gm 27 nguyn tc
ln v quyn li v trch nhim ca cc nc
i vi vn mi trng trn quan im gn
lin vic bo v mi trng v s pht trin lu
bn. Cn c tn l Hin chng Tri t.
rip rap [12751] : lp bo v, bay.
Bng hc ( k b).
riparian water loss [12752] : mt nc do
bay hi.
Lng nc bay hi qua thm thc vt pht
trin dc theo lng sng. Lng nc ny c
th ly t lng sng, nc di t v (hoc)
nc th nhng.
ripe [12753] : b bin.
Riphean [12754] : Riphei.
Thut ng c cc nh a cht Nga s
dng ch phn cui cng ca Tin Cambri,
c lin h gn tng ng vi Sini, Vendi
v Eocambri.
ripidolite [12755] : ripidolit.
Khong vt nhm clorit, c thnh phn gia
clinoclo v chamozit: (Mg,Fe+2)AlSi5O20(OH)16.
i khi dng ch clinoclo.
ripple [12756] : gn sng.
ripple bedding [12757] : phn lp gn sng.
1- Mt lp c trng bi cc vt gn. Deleted: a
2- Thut ng ch tnh phn lp hin ti Deleted: b
ca cc lp trng ging nh cc gn sng qui
m nh ca ct tch t tc nhanh. Formatted
ripple biscuit [12758] : cu trc bnh gn. Deleted: .
Cu trc phn lp dng thu knh ca ct
trong m h vng vnh.
ripple crest [12759] : nh vt gn. Deleted: .
Phn cao nht ca vt gn.
ripple cross-lamination [12760] : phn lp
xin gn sng, th lp xin gn sng.
Phn lp xin kch thc nh hnh thnh
trong qu trnh trm tch vi cc th lp mng
vo khong t 0,08-0,3cm.
ripple drift [12761] : phn lp dch gn sng.
Thut ng ch s phn lp xin kch
thc nh thnh to do cc vt gn di chuyn
trong trm tch. n: ripple bedding, climbing
ripple.
ripple height [12762] : chiu cao vt gn. Deleted: .
Khong cch theo phng thng ng t y
n nh ca vt gn o trn b mt c vt gn.
Nu vt gn khng i xng th chiu cao vt
gn c xc nh t ch trng ln cn theo
sn dc hn. n: ripple-mark amplitude.
ripple index [12763] : ch s gn sng, ch s
vt gn. Deleted: .
T s gia chiu di v chiu cao gn sng
thng vo khong t 6 n 22 i vi vt gn
dng v t 20 n 50 i vi vt gn gi.
ripple lamina [12764] : th lp xin gn sng.
X: ripple cross-lamination. Formatted
ripple mark [12765] : vt gn.
1- Vt gn do dng nc, sng hoc gi to
nn.
2- Vt gn trn mt nc.
ripple ridge [12766] : vt gn, g gn. Deleted: .
X: ripple mark.
ripple scour [12767] : trng gn. Deleted: .
Trng dng tuyn nng v rng c cc vt
gn ngang to trn mt lp. Deleted: .
ripple spacing [12768] : chiu rng ca vt
gn, gin cch ca cc vt gn.
ripple symmetry index [12769] : ch s i Deleted: i
529
 xng ca vt gn.
Mc i xng ca vt gn c xc nh
bng t s gia chiu di theo phng nm
ngang (hnh chiu trn mt phng nm ngang)
ca cnh thoi v chiu di theo phng nm
ngang ca vt gn (Tuner, 1960). Vt gn
khng i xng c ch s ln hn 1.
ripple wavelenght [12770] : chiu rng ca
vt gn, chiu rng ca gn.
Khong cch gia hai nh vt gn lin tip.
ripple-mark amplitude [12771] : chiu cao
vt gn.
Chiu cao ca vt gn trn mt lp c xc
nh bng khong cch thng ng t nh ca
vt gn n y ca trng k cn. n: ripple
height.
ripple-mark index [12772] : ch s gn sng.
n: ripple index.
ripple-mark-wavelength [12773] : chiu rng
vt gn.
Khong cch gia hai im un ca mt
vt gn.
rippling [12774] : mt gn.
Mt c cc vt gn.
RIS [12775] : a chn kch thch do h cha.
n: reservoir induced seismicity.
rise [12776] : khi nh, g nng, g, ch dc,
ch cao.
1- Sn nng ln trong lc a.
2- Phn nh ca i hoc ca cc dng a
hnh khc cao hn so vi xung quanh.
3- Vng ni cao thoi, di, rng y bin.
4- Sn dc ln ca a hnh.
5- Phn nh ca i hoc phn khc cao
hn xung quanh.
riser pipe [12777] : ng ng.
rising dune [12778] :
n: climbing dune.
risk [12779] : ri ro.
ristral carina [12780] : g chy.
G to nn ra bn ca chy ng vt V
gip mi chn (Decapoda), thng tr thnh
g mt.
rivadavite [12781] : rivadavit.
Khong vt: Na6MgB24O40.22H2O.
river [12782] : kim cng trng tinh; sng.
1- Loi kim cng c xp hng cht lng
rt cao. X: extra river.
2- Thut ng chung ch dng chy nc
ngt t nhin trn mt, thng xuyn hoc theo
ma, c ln nht nh, ln hn sui, lch.
Chy ra bin, vo h hoc mt dng sng
khc.
Thut ng cn c dng New England
ch ngun nc nh m Hoa K gi l lch
(creek).
3- Thut ng ch tn a phng cho cc
vng ca sng, ming phu, ph, lch triu,... v
d nh: York river, Indian river.
river bar [12783] : ct sng.
Sng tch t aluvi trong dng chy, dc theo
cc b hoc ca ca sng.
river bar placer [12784] : sa khong ct
lng sng.
n: bench placer.
river basin [12785] : lu vc sng.
Ton b vng cung cp nc cho sng v
cc nhnh ca n.
river bed [12786] : lng sng.
Dng ang cha hoc trc y cha
nc ca sng.
river bottom [12787] : y sng. Deleted: .
Lp t alluvi nm pha di dc theo sng.
river breathing [12788] : dao ng ca mc
nc sng. Deleted: .
river cliff [12789] : vch xi mn.
Vch dc hnh thnh do xi mn bn sn
ca sng.
river delta marsh [12790] : m ly phn b
ca sng, sui. Deleted: .
river deposition coast [12791] : b tch
t sng.
B delta c c trng bi tnh cht : c
dng xng nh vo bin, c cc sng nhnh x
qua v c vng t thp bao bc.
river drift [12792] : trm tch sng.
Cc vt liu c sng chuyn t ch ny
n trm tch ti ch khc.
river end [12793] : cui sng.
im cui cng ca dng sng, ti nc
bin mt do thm hay bay hi (khng phi ca
sng ra bin). Deleted: .
river flat [12794] : bi cn aluvi k lin sng,
y sng.
river forecasting [12795] : d bo thy vn.
D bo cc thi k hot ng v lu lng
ca sng bng thy vn v kh tng, bao gm
c nghin cu cc phng php d bo.
riverhead [12796] : u ngun hay ni bt
u ca dng sng.
river morphology [12797] : hnh thi
hc sng.
n: channel morphology; fluviomorphology;
stream morphology.
530
 river pebble phosphate [12798] : phosphat
cui sng.
Thut ng c dng Florida ch loi
phosphat dng cui sm mu c di chuyn
ti cc cn ct ngm v ng bng ngp l
sng. Ss: land-pebble phosphate.
n: river-pebble, river rock.
river plain [12799] : ng bng sng.
n: alluvial plain.
river profile [12800] : trc din dc sng.
river run gravel [12801] : cui di chuyn do
dng chy.
Mnh cui tm thy trong trm tch chng t
tng l i tng tc ng ca dng chy.
rivershed [12802] : bn cung cp nc
cho sng.
riversideite [12803] : riversideit.
Khong vt mu trng:
Ca5Si6O16(OH)2.2H2O.
river system [12804] : h thng sng.
Sng v tt c cc nhnh ca n.
n: water system.
river terrace [12805] : thm sng.
n: water terrace.
river valley [12806] : thung lng sng.
Trng di ca mt t do sng o khot
trong qu trnh pht trin ca n.
n: water system.
river wall [12807] : tng, bo v b sng.
n: levee.
riverwash [12808] : ph sa sng, t bi sng.
1- Vt liu t b vn chuyn v tch t
do sng.
2- Tch t aluvi trn y sng hoc knh l
b xi mn v tch t trong thi k b ngp
lt li.
rivotite [12809] : rivotit.
Hn hp ca malachit vi stibiconit.
road embankment [12810] : p ng.
p, lp t xy dng ng.
road foundation, subgrade [12811] :
mng ng.
Lp c s xy dng ng.
road metal [12812] : maccadam cng.
maccadam c p nh.
roadbed (of railways) [12813] : lp mng
di ng st.
roadway [12814] : nn ng, b mt
y ng.
roaldite [12815] : roaldit.
Khong vt gp trong thin thch :
(Fe, Ni, Co)4N.
roaring sand [12816] : ct pht m thanh. Deleted: ct ht
Ct pht m thanh (sounding sand) thy
n ct sa mc sinh ra m thanh trm i khi c
th cm nhn khong cch 400 mt. Deleted: Xem : booming sand (ct gn
robersite [12817] : robersit. st).
Khong vt h n nghing:
Ca3Mn+34 (PO4)4(OH)6.3H2O.
robinsonite [12818] : robinsonit.
Khong vt: Pb4Sb6S13.
roche rock [12819] : roch.
gm hon ton thch anh v tourmalin.
L kt qu ca tourmalin ha.
rock [12820] : .
L mt tp hp t nhin ca mt hay nhiu Deleted: dng
loi khong vt c c im ring v thnh
phn v cu trc; v d nh granit, c kin trc
ht; khi c st khng r ht khong vt,
obsidian; khi cng c ngun gc hu c,
than .
rockallite [12821] : rockalit.
Granit kim c tnh cht mafic, ht ln gm
thch anh, acmit, albit v microlin. Thut ng
c dng cho Rockall Bank, bc i Ty
Dng, 350km ty Scotland. Khng nn dng.
rock asphalt [12822] : asphalt.
n: asphalt rock.
rock association [12823] : t hp .
L mt nhm magma trong mt tnh
thch hc, c mi lin quan ha hc v thch
hc c th hin trn cc biu thnh phn.
n: rock kindred, kindred, association.
rock basin [12824] : bn trng .
Bn trng trong cng hnh thnh do bc
mn a phng ca nn i nguyn khng
bng phng hoc thung lng bng h khu vc
min ni v thng thng c mt h nc.
rock basin lake [12825] : h bn trng
trong .
H bng h trong mt bn trng trong .
rock bind [12826] : phin st cha ct. Deleted: kp
Thut ng Anh ch mt loi phin st cha
ct (sandy shale) hay loi bt kt phn di hoc Deleted: slrolit
khng phn di.
rock bit [12827] : mi khoan .
Mi khoan , mi khoan cp p.
n: rock chisel. Deleted: Nh
rock blanket [12828] : lp ph .
rock bolt [12829] : vt , neo .
rock breaker [12830] : my p .
rockbridgeite [12831] : rocbridgeit.
Khong vt: (Fe+2,Mn) Fe+34(PO4)3(OH)5.
rock burst [12832] : n.
531
 Mt dng gii phng ng sut trong .
rock city [12833] : thnh ph .
Mt vng c nhng khi to ln c hnh
thnh ti ch vn ln cao do phong ha theo
cc khe nt. Nhng khi (block) v nhng rnh
nt m ln trng ging nh cc lu i, dy ph
ca mt thnh ph. Ging nh thch lm-
rng Vn Nam-Trung Quc.
rock core [12834] : li khoan , mu
khoan .
rock cork [12835] : bc ni.
Mt loi asbest. n: mountain cork.
rock crystal [12836] : tinh th thch anh, tinh
th .
X: quartz crytstal.
rock cycle [12837] : chu k .
Mt chui s kin bao gm s thnh to,
phong ha, ph hy, v ti to ca , l kt
qu ca cc qu trnh nh hot ng magma,
xm thc, vn chuyn, lng ng, thnh v
bin cht. Mt chui c th bao gm c qu
trnh kt tinh magma to magma, ri sau
b v vn do phong ha thnh vn trm tch,
cc mnh vn ny c gn kt to nn trm
tch, sau chng b chuyn ha thnh
bin cht.
rock drift [12838] : chuyn ng khi.
n: creep.
rockfall [12839] : ri, ln.
1- Chuyn ng ri tng i t do hay ln
trn dc ng ca mnh vn mi v ra t
gc (thng dng khi, ng nht hay b nt
n), c kch thc bt k t trn vch nh ra
bin hay b vc; y l dng chuyn ng
nhanh nht v thng xuyn nht trong vng
ni v trong ma xun khi nc ng bng li
tan ra trong khe nt ca . c th l chuyn
ng ri thng hoc di dng hng lot bc
nhy v bt xung b dc; y khng phi l
chuyn ng trt trn b mt trn.
n: sturzstrom.
2- Khi chuyn ng hay b cun i trn
dc (rookfall).
rockfall avalanche [12840] : dng trt l.
Trt l bin chuyn thnh dng, khi cc
khi t l trt qui m hng triu tn, t
vn tc cc ln; ph bin nht vng ni him
tr, nh xy ra nm 1903 ti Frank, Alberta.
n: sturzstrom.
rockfall talus [12841] : vch ri.
Tch t tng th c gc cnh, ri t vch
hay b dc trn cao. Cc tng l ra c
th do tc dng ca p lc v ca bng trong
khe nt c trc. Ma ln cng lm l .
l c th ri, ln, ny ln v v vn; tng ln
c tch t di y. Gc nghing ca b dc Deleted: th
vt 32o v c th t 42o. n: scree. Deleted: tp
rockfalls and rockburst [12842] : ri v Deleted: , tr.237
n.
Deleted: e
Trong t nhin, t thng chu tc ng
ca trng ng sut. Nhng bn thn trng
ng sut t khi l nguyn nhn ca cc tai bin
k thut cng trnh hay gp. Ngc li, hin
tng gii phng ng sut, t ngt hay t t,
mi l nguyn nhn ch yu. Trong s 5 kiu
phn ng chnh ca t gm n nh, trng
n, ri, trn v n, ch c 3 kiu sau mi do
gii phng ng sut gy ra. ri xy ra di
tc ng ca trng lc, cn n li xy ra khi
c gii phng nng lng mnh v t ngt, Deleted: ,
tng t nh ng t. Trong thc t, nhiu Deleted: thnh to
trng hp n ln, thm ch ti 5,5 Deleted: ph hy
Richte, c th ghi nhn c bi cc trm quan
trc a chn. cc vng m, tai ho v kh
n hay xy ra do tc ng ng thi ca mt
lng ln kh mtan hay carbonic b nn p v Deleted:
gii phng ng sut mnh lit. Thm ch ngay Deleted: ng rn
gn mt t, n cng c th xy ra di dng Deleted: ri n lt
nn, sn cc m, ng hm b tri ln. Tri Deleted: ny
sn thng gp nhng ni t c th nm
ngang, p lc nc ngm ln, gii phng ng
sut (theo chiu thng ng) t ngt.
rockfill [12843] : san lp, p bng .
Khi c s dng san lp hoc xy
p kt cu .
rock flour [12844] : bt .
Vt liu mn, cha bin i v ha hc, bao
gm cc ht c gc cnh, c bt v st. Cc ht
ny l cc khong vt to , ch yu l thch Deleted: thuc
anh, b nghin vn trong khi vn chuyn hay
nt do ti trng ca vt liu pha trn. Thut Deleted: v
ng c dng ph bin nht ch bt rt mn
do tc dng c nt ca bng ln . n: glacier
meal; glacial meal; glacial flour; rock meal. Deleted: b)
rock forming [12845] : to .
Ch cc khong vt tham gia vo thnh phn Deleted: ri
, gi vai tr phn loi . Cc khong vt to
quan trng hn c l thch anh, feldspar,
mica amphibol, pyroxen, olivin, calcit, dolomit.
rock magnetism [12846] : t tnh ca .
S nghin cu v ngun gc v c im ca Deleted: i chiu : debris flow.
qu trnh t ho ca v khong vt. Deleted: thng dng
rock mass [12847] : khi .
Khi nim dng ch ton b mi trng
532
 ti hin trng, c cha c cc mt phn lp,
t gy, khe nt, np un v nhng c im
cu trc khc. Khi thng khng lin tc,
khng ng nht v c nhng c tnh k thut
d hng.
rock mass classification [12848] : phn loi
khi .
nh lng ha nhng kinh nghim thu c
trong qu trnh kho st thi cng mt s cng
trnh trn s dng cho nhng cng trnh
sau. Mt s h phn loi khi hin c p
dng ph bin trn th gii l h phn loi a
c (geomechanics classification), cn gi l h
cho im khi (rock mass rating, RMR
system), v h Q (cht lng khi ). Nhng
h phn loi ny gn im cho mt s thng s
hoc c tnh ca khi , sau cng gp
nhng im ny c mt cch nh gi, phn
loi khi tng th. im phn loi sau
cn c i chiu vi nhng hnh vi c th
quan st c v khi , nh khu n nh,
thi gian t tr vng khng cn chng , yu
cu tr lc, v.v.
rock material [12849] : mu , vt liu .
Phn cn nguyn trng gia cc gin
on, c th c i din bi mt mu vt
hoc mt mnh ly t li khoan phc v th
nghim trong phng.
rock mechanics [12850] : c hc .
Mn khoa hc l thuyt v ng dng v
hnh vi ca v khi , mt ngnh c hc v
phn ng ca v khi i vi cc trng
lc ca mi trng vt l ca chng.
Ni dung c bn ca c hc : S ra i
ca b mn c hc ; i tng ca c hc tr lc v gia c .
trong khai thc m; Vai tr ca a cht hc
trong c hc .
rock pressure [12851] : p lc tnh ca , p
lc y ca .
rock quality designation (RQD) [12852] :
nh danh cht lng .
Khc vi thu hi li khoan l phn trm
chiu di li khoan thu hi c trn tng chiu
di khoan, RQD l phn trm tng chiu di
cc on li khoan di hn 10cm trn tng
chiu di khoan, thng l mt nhp khoan.
Nh vy, RQD l mt bin th ca thu hi
li khoan, dng gip cho vic o v li
khoan. nh danh cht lng c chia
thnh : rt tt (RQD =9 0-100%), tt (75-90%),
trung bnh (50-75%), km (25-50%) v rt km
(< 25%). Mc d sc bn ca cng nh
hng ti RQD, n ph thuc nhiu hn vo
gin cch khe nt v rt gn gi vi c khi .
nh danh cht lng . Khi nim nhm
nh lng ha gin cch khe nt. RQD c
xc nh trn c s li khoan, bng cch cng
tng chiu di ca tt c cc on li khoan di
hn 10cm ca mt nhp khoan ri chia cho tng
chiu di ca nhp khoan. Sau ny cn s dng
c tnh RQD trn c s gin cch khe nt.
rock ruby [12853] : ruby .
Loi granat mu p, c bit l pyrop.
rock salt [12854] : mui .
1- Halit kt tinh ht th, to tp hp c st Deleted: (a)
dng si hoc dng ht, cu to thnh cc
trm tch gn nh tinh khit, gp trong cc
vm, cc nt hoc va rng do s bc hi ca
nc mui. Thng c cc vt mu bi st hoc
cc tp cht trm tch ht mn.
2- Mui nhn to c dng tinh th ln hoc Deleted: (b)
khi c.
rock silk [12855] : la .
Asbest dng la.
rock slabbing (stress-induced) [12856] : tch
phin (do ng sut).
Mt dng gii phng ng sut trong .
rock slide [12857] : trt .
rock soap [12858] : x phng .
n: mountain soap.
rock stratigraphy [12859] : thch a tng.
n: lithostratigraphy.
rock structure [12860] : cu trc .
Bn cht v s phn b cc c tnh cu trc
ca khi .
rock support and reinforcement [12861] :
rock unit [12862] : phn v thch a tng.
n: lithostratigraphic unit.
rock waste [12863] : thi.
Lp b bo mn, phong ha, vt liu b
loi b.
Rockwell hardness test [12864] : php th
cng Rochwell.
Phng php xc nh cng bng cch
dng mi kim cng hay mt vin bi thp cng
n ln mu th ri o lm su.
rock wood [12865] : g .
n: mountain wood.
rock wool [12866] : len .
n: mineral wool.
rocky [12867] : bng , nh , c c tnh
ca .
Rocky Mountain orogeny [12868] : to ni
533
 Rocky Mountin.
Thi gian hnh thnh t gy nghch v un
np t Creta mun n Paleogen vng Rocky
Mountain, tng ng vi to ni Larami
pha ty Hoa K.
rodalquilarite [12869] : rodalquilarit.
Khong vt h ba nghing:
H3Fe+32(TeO3)4Cl.
roeblingite [12870] : roeblingit.
Khong vt mu trng:
Pb2Ca7Si6O14(OH)10 (SO4)2.
roedderite [12871] : roederit.
Khong vt thin thch thuc nhm
osumilit: (Na,K)2(Mg,Fe)5Si12O30.
roemerite [12872] : roemerit.
Khong vt mu nu g st n vng:
Fe+2Fe+32 (SO4)4. 14H2O. Cng c l rmerite.
n: louderbackite.
roentgenite [12873] : roentgenit.
X: rntghenite.
roepperite [12874] : roeperit.
Fayalit c Mn v Zn thay th mt s Fe.
roggianite [12875] : rogianit.
Khong vt: NaCa6Al9Si13O46. 20H2O.
rohaite [12876] : rohait.
Khong vt: TlCu5SbS2.
roil [12877] : khu chy ri.
Khu vc nh ca dng sng c c trng
bi dng chy nhanh v hn lon.
rokuhnite [12878] : rokuhnit.
Khong vt gp trong cc m thng hoa:
FeCl2.4H2O.
roll orebody [12879] : thn qung dng sng.
Thn qung uranium v hoc vanadium
trong thu knh hoc lp ct kt ct qua lp c
dng vng cung cn i ph bin dng ch C
hoc ch S theo mt ct ngang. C th nhn bit
kiu cao nguyn Colorado v kiu Wyoming.
rolled earth fill [12880] : khi t p c
m cht.
rolled garnet [12881] : granat quay.
n: rotated garnet.
roller [12882] : thit b m, thit b lu.
roller bit [12883] : mi khoan .
Mi khoan chng khoan a 3 nn xoay.
roll-front deposit [12884] : thn qung
dng sng.
n: roll-front orebody.
roll-front orebody [12885] : thn qung
dng sng.
Thn qung li kiu Wyoming, c bao
bc bng bin i oxy ha bn pha lm c
trng bi thnh phn hematit hoc limonit v
bn pha li bi bin i tng ng cha ch
yu pyrit v cc vt cht hu c.
n: roll orebody.
rollover [12886] : o ngc hng dc.
S o ngc hng dc trong dc theo
t gy.
rollover anticline [12887] : np li cun. Deleted: .
Np li lin quan vi t gy.
roll-type orebody [12888] :
X: roll orebody.
romanechite [12889] : romanechit.
Khong vt mu en st n xm thp:
BaMn+2Mn+48 O16(OH)4, i khi cha Ca, K, Na,
Co v Cu, thng gp dng khi c, dng
chm nho, dng thn, dng chung , c cc
sc mu en pht nu. Romanechit l qung
quan trng ca mangan. n: psilomelane, black
hematite.
romanzovite [12890] : romanzovit.
Loi granat grosula mu nu ti.
romarchite [12891] : romarchit.
Khong vt h bn phng: SnO.
romeite [12892] : romeit.
Khong vt mu vng mt ong n nu
vng, tinh th nh hnh tm mt:
(Ca,Fe,Mn,Na)2(Sb,Ti)2O6(O,OH,F). Cng
c l romeite.
rmerite [12893] : romerit.
X: roemerite.
rongstockite [12894] : rongstockit.
xm nhp ht nh n trung bnh c
plagioclas phn i, orthoclas, mt t cancrinit,
sphen v apatit, ging nh essexit nhng cha t
nephelin hn v nhiu plagioclas Na hn
plagioclas Ca. Thut ng c Trger dng
nm 1935, t vng Rongstock (Roztoky), Tip
Khc (Czechoslovakia). Khng nn dng.
rntgenite [12895] : rontgenit.
Khong vt mu vng nha n nu: Ca2(Ce,
La)3(CO3)5F3.
roof [12896] : mi. Deleted: .
1- Phn trn cng ca th xm nhp.
2- Phn tch t cui cng ca mt lp.
3- pha trn thn qung.
roof fault [12897] : t gy mi. Deleted: .
Phn lin kt pha trn ca mt s t gy
lin tip.
roof thrust [12898] : mi t gy
nghch chm. Deleted: .
Ranh gii pha trn ca mt lot cc t gy
nghch chm.
534
 rooseveltite [12899] : rooseveltit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu trng:
BiAsO4.
root [12900] : gc; cn nguyn.
Knh dn qua mng ti khong sng qung
trong cc chng ln nhau. X: bottom.
root hole [12901] : l rng to nn do r cy.
root zone [12902] : i t gy y, i ph
hy y, i gc t gy.
1- i phn chia gia phn b bin dng v
phn khng b bin dng trong cc mt ct
a cht.
2- ng ni cc im tn cng di su
ca cc t gy, cc cu to a di.
rope boring [12903] : khoan cp.
roquesite [12904] : roquesit.
Khong vt h bn phng: CuInS2.
rosasite [12905] : rosasit.
Khong vt mu lc nht n xanh da tri:
(Cu,Zn)2CO3(OH)2.
roscherite [12906] : roscherit.
Khong vt gp c h n nghing ln ba
nghing, cng thc tng ng:
(Me+32/3 1/3) ,Ca2Me+24Be4(PO4)6.6H2O v
(Me+32/3, 1/3)Ca2Me+24Be4(PO4)6(OH)6.4H2O.
roscoelite [12907] : roscoelit.
Khong vt cha V tng t muscovit, vi V
nm v tr tm mt ca nhm. C mu nu
n nu pht lc, gp dng tm, vy nh
trong xi mng ca mt s ct kt v trong
mt vi m vng thch anh.
rose [12908] : hoa hng.
1-Kiu ct hoa hng; Kim cng ct kiu
hoa hng; Ht kim cng nh ti mc ch ct
c mt t nu c th.
2-Tnh t ch ngc c cc mu hng, cnh
sen, tm hoa c, v d topa hng.
rose cut [12909] : kiu ct hoa hng cho kim
cng loi nh.
Thng c mt mt y bng phng, nh
hnh vm gm mt vi mt tam gic, cui cng
kt thc mt im. n: rose, rosette.
rose diagram [12910] : th hoa hng.
ng ni cc im tnh theo phn trm s
lng xut pht t tm vng trn hoc na vng
trn dng xc nh phng, hng dc v
gc dc chnh ca cu to mt c mt im
kho st.
rose diamond [12911] : kim cng hoa hng.
Kim cng ct kiu hoa hng. n: rose.
roselite [12912] : roselit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu hng:
Ca2(Co,Mg)(AsO4)2.2H2O. ng hnh vi
brandtit v lng hnh vi beta-roselit.
rosemaryite [12913] : rosemaryit.
Khong vt thnh vin ca nhm wylieite
trong Fe+3 ch yu chim v tr M(2a).
Rosenbuschs law [12914] : lut song tinh
Rosenbusch.
Lut Rosenbusch. Xc nh tnh k tip ca
qu trnh kt tinh khong vt t magma, lut
mang tn nh thch hc ngi c Harry Deleted: .
Rosenbusch.
rosenbuschite [12915] : rosenbuschit.
Khong vt: (Ca,Na)3(Zr,Ti)Si2O8F.
rosenhahnite [12916] : rosenhahnit.
Khong vt: Ca3Si3O8(OH)2.
rose quartz [12917] : thch anh hng.
Thch anh kt tinh, thng dng khi, mu
hng cnh sen n hng , thng dng nh
qu hoc trang tr. Mu c l do titan gy
nn, c th nht i hoc bin mt khi b chiu
sng. n: Bohemian ruby.
rosette [12918] : ct kiu hoa hng.
X: rose cut.
rosette texture [12919] : cu to hoa hng.
Mt kiu tp hp khong vt c dng ging
nhng bng hoa hoc v s.
rosickyite [12920] : rosickyit.
Khong vt: -S, l lu hunh t sinh c
dng tinh th ca bin th gamma (). n:
gamma-sulfur.
rosieresite [12921] : rosieresit.
Khong vt mu vng n nu gm phosphat
ngm nc ca ch, ng v nhm.
rosin jack [12922] : jack nha. Deleted: (a)
Sphalerit mu vng. n: resin jack. Deleted: (b)
rosin tin [12923] : thic nha. Deleted: (c)
Casiterit mu pht hoc pht vng.
n: resin tin.
rosolite [12924] : rosolit.
n: landerite.
rossite [12925] : rosit.
Khong vt mu vng: CaV2O6.4H2O.
rsslerite [12926] : roslerit.
n: roesslerite. Deleted: .
rosterite [12927] : rosterit. Formatted
n: vorobyevite.
rosthornite [12928] : rosthornit.
Retinit mu nu n granat, cha t oxy
(4,5%), tm thy trong cc khi thu knh
ca than. Formatted
rostral suture [12929] : ng khu chy. Deleted: .
on ng khu mt ca B ba thy
(Trilobita) dc theo khp ni ca phn trc
phin chy v khin s.
535
 rostrate [12930] : c m.
C mt ci m, c th l ni v Tay cun c
m ca mnh bng nh cao trn b bn l.
Rostroconch [12931] : Rostroconchia.
Thn mm bin sng y, c trng bi
mt v u trng n, khng cun li nm trn
sng lng, v mt v trng thnh hai mnh c
mt hoc hai lp v lin tc ngang qua mp
lng, do khng c mt ng khp lng.
rotary boring [12932] : khoan xoay.
rotary breaker [12933] : my nghin xoay.
rotary drilling [12934] : khoan xoay.
rotary fault [12935] : t gy xoay.
X: rotational fault.
rotary movement [12936] : chuyn ng
quay.
X: rotational movement.
rotary polarization [12937] : phn cc quay.
n: optical activity.
rotated garnet [12938] : granat quay.
Tinh th granat b quay trong qu trnh bin
cht. n: rolled garnet; pinwheel garnet;
spirnal garnet smowball garnet.
rotation axis [12939] : trc quay hay trc
i xng.
n: symmetry axis.
rotation method [12940] : phng php quay.
Mt phng php phn tch nhiu x
Rnghen dng n tinh th quay, ph n sc
v phim hnh ng, quay ng b quanh trc
quay ca tinh th.
rotation twin [12941] : song tinh quay.
Song tinh c i xng nh trc quay 180o.
Ss: reflection twin.
rotational axis [12942] : trc quay, trc
i xng.
rotational cylindroidal fold [12943] : np
un trc xoay.
Np un c dng hnh tr vi mt trc b vn
xon bi cc np un th cp hoc np un ct
cho vi n.
rotational fault [12944] : t gy xoay.
t gy c hin tng xoay i km.
rotational movement [12945] : chuyn
ng quay.
S chuyn ng ca cc khi t gy, khi
n quay tng i so vi khi kia lm mt i
tnh sp xp song song thng thng ca
cu trc.
rotational slip [12946] : cung trt trn.
rotational strain [12947] : bin dng xoay.
Bin dng, trong c s nh hng ca
trc bin dng chnh khc vi s nh hng
ca cc trc bin dng trc v sau , khc vi Deleted: .
hin tng bin dng tin trin khng ng
trc; ng ngha vi bin dng xoay thun ty.
rotatory dispersion [12948] : tn sc quay. Deleted: .
Trong quang hc tinh th, nh sng trng b
tch thnh nh sng mu do mt cht quang
hot nh thch anh.
rotatory reflection axis [12949] : trc
quay gng.
n: rotoreflection axis.
Rotliegende [12950] : Rotliegende.
Thng Chu u, c bit c. Permi h
v trung (nm di Zechstein), c chia thnh
cc bc Autun Saxon. Cn c vit Rothlie-
gende.
rotoinversion axis [12951] : trc i xng
o.
Mt dng yu t i xng tinh th bao gm
php quay 60o, 90o, 120o hoc 180o kt hp vi
i xng qua tm. n: symmetry axis of rotoin-
vession; symmetry axis of rotary inversion.
rotoreflection axis [12952] : trc i
xng gng.
Mt dng yu t i xng tinh th c php
quay bao gm 60o, 90o, 120o hoc 180o kt hp
vi phn x qua mt phng vung gc vi trc.
n: rotatory reflection axis.
rotrogressive metamorphism [12953] : bin
cht git li.
n: retrograde metamorphism.
roubaultite [12954] : roubaultit.
Khong vt: Cu2(UO2)3(OH)10.5H2O.
rough [12955] : th.
Dt: qu cha ct. Tt: Ch qu cha ct
hoc cha mi bng, v d kim cng th.
rough analysis [12956] : phng php phn Deleted: .
tch th, phn tch s b.
roughness [12957] : nhm, s s. Deleted: .
Vt liu c gc cnh khng nhn.
roughness coefficient [12958] : h s nhm.
H s trong cng thc tnh ton vn tc
trung bnh ca dng chy ca nc trong mng
hoc knh, biu th tc ng ma st ca vt liu
lm mng, knh, lm gim nng lng ca
dng nc. Deleted: .
round buddle [12959] : bn i qung.
routhierite [12960] : routhierit.
Khong vt h bn phng TlHgAsS3.
roweite [12961] : roweit.
Khong vt mu nu sng:
Ca2Mn2B4O7(OH)6.
rowlandite [12962] : rowlandit.
Khong vt dng khi mu lc ti, cng
536
thc gn ng Y3(SiO4)2(OH,F).
rozenite [12963] : rozenit.
Khong vt: FeSO4.4H2O.
rozhkovite [12964] : rozhkovit.
Khong vt: vng ng paladi.
RQD [12965] : nh danh cht lng .
n: rock quality designation.
RS [12966] : vin thm hay cn gi l a
cht nh.
K thut thu nhn cc thng tin t xa lin
quan n ph in t cng vi k thut x l
chng. Vit tt ca remote-sensing.
ruarsite [12967] : ruarsit.
Khong vt: RuAsS.
rubasse [12968] : ruby .
1- Thch anh kt tinh nhim mu ruby do
cha nhiu tm, vy nh hematit tn mn bn
trong. n: mont blanc ruby.
2- gi lm bng cch nhum loi
thch anh rn nt.
rubber-tyred compactor [12969] : thit b
m bnh lp.
n: pneumatic-tyred roller.
rubble beach [12970] : bi bin cha vn.
rubellite [12971] : rubelit.
Tourmalin cha lithi trong sut, mu
hng nht n ruby m, dng lm qu.
n: red schorl.
rubidium [12972] : rubidi (Rb).
Nguyn t ha hc s 37, nguyn t lng
85,4678; t trng 1,532g/cm3, thuc nhm kim
loi nh, kim, lithophil, c 1 ng v bn v 34
khng bn. Hm lng Rb trong cc (ppm):
v lc a trn l 110; siu mafic 2; gabro-
basalt 30; granit-granodiorit 120; phin 140;
trong t 65, trong nc i dng 0,12 mg/l.
Phng php phn tch: XRF, ICP-AES, ICP-
MS. Dng Rb trong cc lnh vc in t, bn
dn, knh thy tinh.
rubidium 87 [12973] : rubidi-87.
ng v phng x ca Rb khi phn r cho
Sr-87, hng phn r l 4,89.1010 nm.
rubidium strontium age method [12974] :
phng php Rubidi-Stronti xc nh tui.
Xc nh tui hoc khong vt theo nm
trn c s t s Sr87/Rb87 v bit hng s phn
r ca Rb87. n: rubidium-strontium dating, Rb-
Sr age method.
ruby [12975] : ruby.
Corinon mu cha mt lng nh crm
dng lm ngc, c tm thy ch yu cc triu ln.
nc phng ng (Myanmar, Srilanca,
Thailand). Ss: saphire.
ruby blende [12976] : blend ruby.
Sphalerit trong sut mu pht nu n
nu pht . n: ruby zinc.
rubycelle [12977] : rubycel.
Ngc spinel mu vng n da cam.
X: ruby spinel.
ruby copper [12978] : ng ruby, ng .
Oxid ng, c bit l cuprit. n: ruby
copper ore.
ruby silver [12979] : bc ruby.
Khong vt sunfua bc mu , c bit l:
bc ruby ti" (pyrargyrit) v bc ruby sng
(proustit). n: ruby silver ore.
ruby spinel [12980] : spinel ruby.
Ngc spinel magnesi mu tinh khit,
MgAl2 O4, cha mt lng nh crm v c mu Deleted: (a)
nhng khng c cc tnh cht cn li ca ruby
thc s. X: spinel ruby; balas ruby; rubicelle.
ruby zinc [12981] : km ruby. Deleted: (b)
Khong vt ca km, trong sut c mu
m, c bit l ruby blende v zincite.
rucklidgeite [12982] : rucklidgeit.
Khong vt: (Bi,Tb)3Te4, lin quan vi
telurobismuthit.
ruddle [12983] : rud, t son.
n: red ocher.
rudist [12984] : thn mm hai mnh.
Thn mm hai mnh (Hippuritacea) thuc
mt lin h c v khng u mnh, thng bm
xung y, hoc sng n th, hoc sng qun
t thnh khi kiu rn, thng gp trong mt
qun th San h. Tui: Jura mun-Creta mun.
rufuse ore [12985] : qung thi.
Rugose coral [12986] : San h Rugosa.
San h thuc mt b gm cc n th cht
vi c l sng n th, hnh nn hay hnh tr,
cong li hay vn thng, phc hp v phn
nhnh hay dng khi. Tui: Ordovic-Permi.
ruizite [12987] : ruizit.
Khong vt: CaMn+3(SiO3)2(OH). 2H2O.
rumanite [12988] : rumanit.
H phch d v mu nu vng n hoc
en cha 1-3% lu hunh, c tm thy
Rumani.
runlet [12989] : ngi, sui.
X: runnel.
runnel [12990] : ngi, sui.
Rnh trn vng trc b ca bi gian triu
hnh thnh do hot ng ca sng. Dn nc ra
khi bi nh l lch thot triu v b ngp khi
running cost [12991] : chi ph s dng.
running water [12992] : nc lu thng.
537
 Nc chy trong sng sui hay nc khng
b ng, t hm. Ngn: standing water.
runoff [12993] : dng chy.
Phn nc ma cung cp cho sng sui.
Khi nim ny hn ch hn khi nim
streamflow, n khng bao gm cc ngun cung
cp nhn to, h cha hay cc cng trnh khc
ca con ngi. Lin quan vi thi gian xut
hin sau ma chia ra dng chy trc tip (direct
runoff) v dng chy c bn (base runoff), lin
quan n ngun chia ra dng chy mt (surface
runoff), dng chy trc tip (stormrunoff), dng
chy ngm (ground water runoff).
runoff coefficient [12994] : h s dng chy.
Phn trm lng nc ma tr thnh dng
chy. Gi tr ca h s ny c xc nh bi
iu kin kh hu v a l ca vng lu vc v
c biu din nh mt hng s trong khong
t khng n mt.
runoff cycle [12995] : chu k dng chy.
Mt phn ca vng tun hon thy vn, t
thi im nc ma ri xung t n sau khi
n bc hi hoc chy xung cc knh sui.
runoff intensity [12996]: cng dng chy.
Lng nc ma vt qu kh nng thm
ca t, kh nng ny thng c biu din
bng t s gia su nc ma ngm/gi.
Hay cht hn l lng nc nhn t mt din
tch mt t trn gi.
runoff rate [12997] : cng dng chy.
n: runoff intensity.
runway [12998] : rnh xi ca sui.
Rupelian [12999] : Rupel.
Bc chu u. Oligocen trung (nm trn
Priabon, nm di Chatt).
rupture [13000] : gy v, dp v.
L hin tng, qu trnh gy v, nt n xy
ra khi b cht ti qu gii hn sc bn ca
n. Thut ng ph hy (failure) khng nn
dng ch hin tng, qu trnh gy v, v rt
nhiu cng trnh xy lp, khai o (v d hm
l) vn n nh v s dng c mc d c cc
i gy v pht trin trn vm v vch hm.
Nhng i nh vy c t vy quanh v h
thng tr lc h tr v vn tip tc gnh chu
mt phn ti trng.
rursiradiate [13001] : ta tia lch sau.
G t im v Chn u dng Cc c
hng lch v pha sau (pha nh) khi chy t
rn ra pha bng.
rusakovite [13002] : rusakovit.
Khong vt:
(Fe,Al)5(VO4,PO4)2(OH)9.3H2O.
Ruscinian [13003] : Ruscin.
Bc chu u. Pliocen h (nm trn Turol, Deleted: Ant
nm di Villafranch).
russellite [13004] : ruselit.
Khong vt Bi2WO6.
rustenburgite [13005] : rustenburgit.
Khong vt h lp phng: (Pt, Pd)3Sn.
rustumite [13006] : rustumit.
Khong vt: Ca10(Si2O7)2(SiO4)Cl2(OH)2.
ruthenarsenite [13007] : ruthenarsenit.
Khong vt h trc thoi: (Ru, Ni)As.
rutheniridosmine [13008] : rutheniridosmin.
Khong vt h su phng (Os, Ir, Ru).
ruthenium [13009] : rutheni (Ru).
1- Nguyn t ha hc s 44, nguyn t
lng 101,072; t trng 12.41g/cm3, thuc
nhm kim loi nng, qu, siderophil, c 7 ng
v bn v 22 khng bn. Cc khong vt tiu
biu l laurit (Ru, Os)S2, irassit (Ir, Ru, Rh,
Pt)AsS. Phng php phn tch: ICP-MS,
INAA. Ru c dng trong cc lnh vc xc
tc, hp kim.
2- Khong vt h su phng, him: Ru, l
nguyn t kim loi ca nhm platin.
ruthenosmiridium [13010] : ruthenosmiridi.
Khong vt h lp phng: (Ir, Os, Ru).
rutherfordine [13011] : rutherfordin.
Khong vt th sinh mu vng: (UO2)(CO3).
rutilated quartz [13012] : thch anh
cha rutil.
Thch anh sagenit c trng bi cha cc
tinh th hnh kim rutil nm bn trong.
X: sagenite.
n: Venus hairstone.
rutile [13013] : rutil.
Khong vt h bn phng, thng c mu
nu pht : TiO2, a hnh vi anata v brukit
thng cha mt t st. Rutil thng to cc
tinh th lng tr nm trong cc tinh th khc
(c bit l thch anh). L khong vt nguyn
sinh ca mt s xm nhp acid (c bit l
cc giu horblen), gp trong bin cht, l
cc ht tn tch trong trm tch, cc bi bin. L
qung ca titan. n: red schorl.
ryacolite [13014] : ryacolit.
n: sanidine.
Ryazanian [13015] : Ryazan. Deleted: .
Bc chu u. Bc thp nht ca Creta Deleted: d
(nm trn Volga, nm di Valangin, gn tng
ng vi Berrias).
538
 Saalian [13016] : Saali.
Bc kh hu a tng Bc u, Pleistocen
thng (trn Holstein, di Eem) tng ng v
thi gian vi bng h Riss.
Saalic orogeny [13017] : to ni Saali.
Mt trong 30 thi k to ni trong Phane-
rozoi do Stille xut. To ni Saalic xy ra
trong Permi, gia k Autuni v k Saxoni.
sabieite [13018] : sabieit.
Khong vt gp cng vi lonecreekit v
clairit: (NH4)Fe(SO4)2.
sabinaite [13019] : sabinait.
Khong vt: Na9Zr4Ti2O9(CO3)8.
Sabinas [13020] : Sabinas.
Thng a phng ca Bc M, Jura thng.
sabugalite [13021] : sabugalit.
Khong vt th sinh mu vng:
HAl(UO2)4(PO4)4.16H2O.
sac [13022] : ti.
Ti nh mt s ng vt hay thc vt, v d
ti phn, ti kh.
saccate [13023] : dng ti.
C hnh dng mt ci ti, v d "knh o
dng ti" Tay cun khng c cc nhnh cui
v khng ko di n ngoi vi pha trc v pha
bn ca o.
saccharoidal [13024] : dng ng .
1- Ni v kin trc kt tinh dng ht ging
khi ng , c bit ni v kin trc ht tha
hnh thng gp trong aplit, trong ct kt,
mui, hoa v dolomit.
2- Ni v ht u, trng tinh nh ng
n. Xem kin trc aplit, sucrosic, sugary nguyn
ng la tinh saccharum l ng n.
sacrofanite [13025] : sacrofanit.
Khong vt nhm cancrinit: (Na,Ca,K)
(Si6Al6O24)(OH)2,69(SO4)1,14(CO3)0,27Cl0,28.0,27H2O.
saddle [13026] : np li dng yn, phn
chuyn tip gia hai np li; yn (cs).
1- (kt) Cu trc c dng yn nga nm gia
cc np li hoc vng a hnh thp gia cc
nh i (ni).
2- Vng thp, st, ln hoc trng dc theo
mt trc ca np li
3- (cs) Mt yu t hay on un ca ng
khu v Chn u, to thnh mt gc hoc
ng cong m phn li hng v pha ming.
saddle axis [13027] : trc np li, trc np
lm, trc bn trng.
Hnh chiu trn mt phng nm ngang ca
giao tuyn gia mt trc v mt cu trc (np
li, np lm, bn trng).
saddle fold [13028] : np un yn nga.
Np un c np on ph gn nh v vung
gc vi np un chnh.
saddle reef [13029] : m hnh yn nga, mch
hnh yn nga.
S tch t khong vt qung vm ca cc
np li, thng gp l cc mch thch anh cha
vng Australia. n: saddle; saddle vein.
saddle vein [13030] : khong sng yn nga.
n: saddle reef.
saddleback [13031] : a hnh yn nga.
Vng thp gia cc nh hoc cc khi nng.
safe load [13032] : cng sut cho php, in
th cho php; ti trng cho php, lc an ton
1- Cng sut hay in th m mt thit b
chu c.
2- n: allowable load.
safety factor [13033] : h s an ton
V d trong nn mng l t s gia lc ti
hn ca t nn v ti trng cho php ca mng.
safflorite [13034] : saflorit
Khong vt h trc thoi mu trng thic:
CoAs2. ng hnh vi loelingit v lng hnh
vi clinosaflorit thng cha nhiu st.
sag [13035] : trng st
1- Vng st ln c qui m khu vc, trng cu
trc nng, rng, sn thoi. Vng st ln cnh
st ca t gy.
539
 2- o.
3- Trng nng trn vng t bng hoc
hi nghing.
4- Thung lng nh gia cc dy i thp
hoc gia nhng ch nh cao ln sng.
sagenite [13036] : sagenit.
1- Loi rutil hnh kim gp dng song tinh
hnh mt li do cc tinh th hnh kim ct nhau
di mt gc 60o, thng nm trong thch anh
hoc cc khong vt khc. n: venus hairstone.
2- Tinh th sagenit hoc cc tinh th tng t
ca tourmalin, gothit, actinolit hoc cc khong
vt khc xuyn vo thch anh.
3- Thch anh sagenit, c bit l thch anh
cha rutil. T gc latinh: sagena l li
c ln.
sagenitic quartz [13037] : thch anh sagenit.
Thch anh trong sut, khng mu hoc gn
nh khng mu, cha cc tinh th hnh kim ca
rutil, tourmalin, gothit, actinolit hoc cc
khong vt khc. n: rutilated quartz.
sahamalite [13038] : sahamalit.
Khong vt: (Mg, Fe)Ce2(CO3)4.
sahlinite [13039] : sahlinit.
Khong vt mu vng lu hunh:
Pb14(AsO4)2O9Cl4.
sahlite [13040] : sahlit.
n: salite.
sainfeldite [13041] : sainfeldit
Khong vt: H2Ca5(AsO4)4.4H2O.
sakhaite [13042] : sakhait
Khong vt:
Ca12Mg4(CO3)4(BO3)7Cl(OH)2.H2O.
sakharovaite [13043] : sakharovait.
Khong vt: (Pb,Fe)(Bi,Sb)2S4.
Sakmarian [13044] : Sakmari.
Bc do Ruzenshev thnh lp nm 1936, theo
tn ca sng Sakmara, l bc ca thi a tng
quc t, bc th hai t di ln ca Permi h
(nm trn Asseli, nm di Arstin).
sakuraiite [13045] : sakurait.
Khong vt: (Cu,Zn,Fe)3(In,Sn)S4.
sal [13046] : sial.
Ni v silic, nhm.
sal ammoniac [13047] : mui amoniac.
Khong vt ng hng: NH4Cl. Mui kt
tinh mu trng, d thng hoa, hay to thnh lp
ph quanh ming ni la. n: salmiac.
saleseite [13048] : saleseit.
Khong vt mu vng chanh thuc nhm
autunit: Mg(UO2)2(PO4)2.8H2O.
salesite [13049] : salesit.
Khong vt mu lc lam: Cu(IO3)(OH).
salic [13050] : salic.
Cc khong vt giu silic hoc nhm mu
nht trong thnh phn chun ca magma; v
d: thch anh, feldspar, feldspatoid. Cng c th
dng ch loi cha mt vi khong vt
ni trn.
salient [13051] : mi nh.
Ch nh hng ln cao hoc hng ra ngoi,
v d: mi nh b bin, nhnh ngang ca ni.
salina [13052] : mui bin.
Mui ng li sau qu trnh bc hi nc mn.
Salinan [13053] : Salin.
Bc Bc M. Silur thng (nm trn Lock-
porti, nm di Tonoloway).
saline [13054] : cha mui, mn.
1- Thn qung t nhin ca mui m hay bt
k mui ha tan no khc V d: mui hnh
thnh do bc hi (evaporit);
2- H mui cn, rung mui ven bin, mui
bn a, mui m ly, mui h, mui vng
vnh, mui ging, mui khai o c ln hn
mui trong nc bin.
3- Cha cc mui ha tan nng ln
cho php kt ta NaCl.
saline-alkali soil [13055] : t mui kim.
saline aquifer [13056] : tng cha nc mn.
n: salaquifer.
saline deposit [13057] : m do bc hi; trm
tch do bc hi.
n: evaporite.
saline residue [13058]:phn st ca nc mn.
n: evaporite.
saline water [13059] : nc mn.
1- Nc c cha cc cht khong ha tan vi
hm lng cao hn nc l, thng quy c
trn 10g/l.
2- Thut ng gi chung cc loi nc c
khong ha cao hn nc ung thng thng
(trn 1g/l). n: salt water.
salinelle [13060] : ni la bn phun bn mui.
salines [13061] : salin.
1- Tn gi chung cc mui ho tan t nhin
nh mui n, carbonat natri, nitrat natri, cc
mui kali v borat.
2- Tn gi chung cho cc m mui, sui
nc khong, va mui, mui v rung mui.
saliniferous [13062] : cha mui.
Ch tng cha mui.
salinity [13063] : mui.
Tng lng mui ho tan trong nc.
salinity meter [13064] : my o mui.
n: salinometer
salinometer [13065] : my o mui.
n: salinity meter
salite [13066] : salit.
540
 Khong vt nhm pyroxen n nghing:
Ca(Mg,Fe)Si2O6 l th diopsid mu lc xm n
en cha magnesi nhiu hn st.
n: sahlite.
salmiac [13067] : mui amoniac.
n: sal ammoniac.
salmoite [13068] : salmoit.
n: tarbuttite.
salmonsite [13069] : salmonsit.
Hn hp ca hurealit v jansit. Trc y
c coi l mu khong vt c bit.
salt and pepper noise [13070] : nhiu nh.
Mt loi nhiu bao gm c gi tr ti thiu
ln nhng gi tr ti a ca nh.
salt anticline [13071] : np li mui.
Cu trc diapia hoc xuyn ct trng ging
nh vm mui. Trn mt ct np li mui i
xng, y phng, mi cong chnh hp vi
phn bn trn. Np li mui khng i xng gi
l g mui.
saltation [13072] : thm mui, nhim mn.
salt cake [13073] : bnh mui.
Tn thng mi dng cho sulfat natri: NaSO4.
salt-crystal growth [13074] : cy tinh
th mui.
S sinh trng cc tinh th mui cc khe
trong , c kh nng to sc cng ln lm ph
hy thnh ht cc vng kh hu kh.
salt desert [13075] : hoang mc mui.
Hoang mc c t cha mui.
salt dispersion haloes [13076] : vnh phn
tn mui.
Cc nguyn t dng hp cht ha tan trong
nc thin nhin. Trong thc t cn gp loi
vnh phn tn hn hp c hc v mui.
salt dome [13077] : vm mui
Cu trc mui c dng diapia hoc xuyn ct
vi mt vm li trung tm u v cc pha,
rng khong 1-2 km, cu to bi mui, ct qua
trm tch v i cc lp trm tch bn trn,
cch lp mui m t 5 n trn 10 km.
salt flower [13078] : hoa mui
Hoa ca bng, hnh thnh trn mt bin bng
quanh cc tm tinh th mui.
salt lake [13079] : h nc mn
Nhng h nc khng thng vi bin nhng
cha mt lng mui ho tan ln (thng l
NaCl). V d: Bin cht Cn ng, H Mui
ln Utah. n: brine lake.
salt marsh [13080] : m ly nc mn.
Vng t bng, t nc ven bin, nh k
hoc i khi c nc mn trn vo. Rung
mui, h mui vng kh b ph nh k bi
nc c mui cao.
salt marsh plain [13081] : ng bng m ly
nc mn.
m ly nc mn c nng cao trn mc
triu cao nht v tr thnh vng t kh.
salt meadow [13082] : ng c nc mn.
ng c b ph bi nc mn.
salt pan [13083] : lng cho mui.
Trng t nhin nng c nc ng li v bay
hi li tch t mui.
saltpeter [13084] : saltpeter.
1- Nitrat kali gp trong t nhin.
2- Thut ng dng trong ngnh hang ng
hc ch cc hang ng nitrat kali c xa.
salt pillow [13085] : gi mui.
Cu to cha mui rng, c tit din ngang
hnh trn, cng xung su cng ln, khng phi
l cu to diapia, y bng phng. Lt ct ngang
gi mui gn nh i xng. Phn trn gi mui
chnh hp vi vy quanh.
salt plug [13086] : nt mui.
Li mui ca vm mui, dng tr gn nh c
ng knh ng u khong 1-2km ct qua
trm tch bao quanh v i xa khi m nm
bn di t 5-10km.
salt ridge or roller [13087] : g mui.
n: salt anticline.
salt stock [13088] : tr mui.
1- Phn ni gia lp mui m v vm mui,
c dng ct.
2- Thut ng ch cc th mui diapia bt
c hnh th no.
salt tectonics [13089] : kin to mui.
Thut ng chung ch s nghin cu v cu
trc v c ch hnh thnh cc vm mui hoc
cc cu trc khng ch mui khc.
n: halokinesis.
salt wall [13090] : vch mui.
Cu to mui rng, di i xng hnh thnh
theo kiu diapia. n: salt anticline.
salt-water [13091] : nc mn, nc mui.
n: saline water.
salt-water encroachment [13092] : xm nhp
nc mn.
Hin tng nc mn t bin hay t mt
ngun nc mn trong t lin (h nc mn,
thu knh nc mn di t, v.v.) ln vo nc
nht bn cnh gy nhim mn lan ta.
n:salt-water intrusion, sea-water intrusion
salt-water intrusion [13093] : xm nhp ca
nc mn.
n: salt-water encroachment; seawater
intrusion.
salt-water tongue [13094] : li nc mn.
n: salt-water wedge.
541
 salt-water wedge [13095] : nm nc mn.
Hnh dng trn bnh ca mt khi nc
mn t bin hay t mt ngun nc mn trong
t lin (h nc mn, thu knh nc mn di mt b phn no ca tp hp i tng ny
t) ln vo mt tng nc nht hay v pha
cng trnh khai thc nc ging nh mt ci
nm (hay ci li). n: salt-water tongue.
salty [13096] : ging mui, cha mui.
Tnh t ch mi lin quan vi mui hoc
ging mui hoc cha mui.
samarium [13097] : samari (Sm).
Nguyn t ha hc s 62, nguyn t lng
150,363; t trng 7,52 g/cm3, thuc nhm kim
loi nng, REE, c 4 ng v bn v 28 khng
bn. Hm lng Sm trong cc (ppm): v lc
a trn l 4,7; siu mafic 0,6; gabro-basalt 3,5;
granit-granodiorit 8; phin 7,2; trong t 6,1.
Cc khong vt tiu biu l monazit, bastnaesit,
cerit, alanit. Phng php phn tch: ICP-MS,
INAA. Dng Sm trong cc lnh vc t, chiu
sng, kim sot vi sng, l ht nhn, t in.
samarium neodymium age method [13098] :
phng php samari-neodymi xc nh tui
Phng php xc nh tui da trn c s
phn r anpha ca samari 147 thnh neodym-
143. Mt trng c tui 4,4.109 nm c xc
nh bng phng php ny.
samarskite [13099] : samarskit.
Khong vt thng b bin i, mu en
nhnh n nu:
(Y,Ce,U,Ca,Fe,Pb,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti,Sn)2O6, nh
thu tinh lng lnh n nh nha, gp trong
pecmatit granit.
n: ampangabeite; uranotantalite.
samiresite [13100] : samiresit.
Khong vt, c th l th betafit cha ch,
nhng c l l mt mu c lp.
sammelkristallization [13101]:kt tinh samel.
Hot ng ph thuc vo sc cng b mt
hoc ton b nng lng t do b mt, nh n
m cc ht nh hn tr nn khng bn vng khi
quan h vi cc ht ln hn v cui cng b cc
ht ln thu np. Khng c t ting Anh tng
ng. T gc c.
sample [13102] : mu; ly mu.
Trong thng k hc, l mt b phn ca s
ng, nu c chn chnh xc c th dng
xc nh cc thng s.
sample bag [13103] : ti mu.
sample box [13104] : hp ng mu.
sampleite [13105] : sampleit.
Khong vt mu lam:
NaCaCu5(PO4)4Cl.5H2O.
sample method [13106] : phng php mu.
Phng php nghin cu thng k ton hc
xc nh c tnh chung ca mt tp hp i
tng no , nhng ch trn c s nghin cu
(to nn mt tp chn mu), ch khng cn
nghin cu ton th i tng ca tp hp .
C s ton hc ca phng php mu da trn
hai b mn thng k ton hc quan trng: l
thuyt ly mu t mt tp hp hu hn v l
thuyt ly mu t mt tp hp v hn.
sampler [13107] : thit b ly mu.
samples [13108] : tp hp (nhm) mu.
samples independent [13109] : mu, tp hp
(nhm) mu, s c lp vi nhau.
samples related [13110]:mu, tp hp (nhm)
mu, s c quan h vi nhau.
sample tube [13111] : ng ly mu.
n: sampling tube; shelby tube.
sampling [13112] : ly mu.
Trong a cht kinh t, cn ly tp hp cc
phn ca thn qung hoc vch nhm mc
ch nh gi m qung. V d vic xc nh
hm lng trung bnh ca tp hp mu, ly mu
i din l rt quan trng. Cch thc ly mu v
v tr ly mu lun lun c ch dn c th
m bo yu cu, v d nh ly mu n, ly
mu k thut, v.v.
sampling disturbance [13113] : xo trn mu.
S xo trn mu t trong khi ly mu.
samsonite [13114] : samsonit
Khong vt mu en thp, h n nghing:
Ag4MnSb2S6.
samuelsonite [13115] : samuelsonit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
(Ca,Ba)Ca8(Fe+2,Mn)4Al2(PO4)10(OH)2.
sanbornite [13116] : sanbornit.
Khong vt h ba nghing mu trng:
BaSi2O5.
sand [13117] : ct, cn ct, ct.
Di ct hoc vng ct rng ln (nh bi bin
ct dc b bin), vng ct hoang mc.
sand apron [13118] : ngng ct.
Trm tch ct carbonat b ph ca rn
san h.
sandarac [13119] : sandarac.
n: realgar. Cng vit l: sandarach.
sand avalanche [13120] : khi ct l.
S di chuyn khi ln ct xung mt n khi
gc ngh qu ln, hoc khi n b xo trn.
sandbank [13121] : cn ct ngm.
1- Sng ct ngm bin, h hoc sng
thng l khi triu kit; ct.
2- Phm vi nng cha ct b gn.
sandbar [13122] : ct.
542
 ct hoc sng ct thp bao ly b v c
thnh to mt nc hoc gn mt nc bi cc
dng chy trong sng hoc bi hot ng ca
sng dc theo b h hoc bin. n: sand reef.
sand blasting [13123] : phun ct.
sandblow [13124] : ct thi.
Din tch ct th b bc tri thc vt do hot
ng ca gi.
sand boil [13125] : ct si, ct n.
Ct b n, si do p lc nc.
sand calcite [13126] : calcit ct.
Tinh th calcit cha mt lng ln bao th
ht ct. Mt th tinh th ct ca calcit.
sand cay [13127] : o ct nh gn vi b.
n: sand key.
sandcone [13128] : nn ct.
Tch t ct dng nn to nn c bit
nn aluvi.
sand crystal [13129] : tinh th ct.
Tinh th a din hoc gn a din (nh barit,
thch cao, c bit l calcit) chim a phn
mnh vn ca ct (ti 60%), pht trin t xi
mng trong qu trnh thnh to .
sand dome [13130] : vm ct.
n: dome.
sand drain [13131] : thot nc bng ging,
cc ct.
Ging ct hoc cc ct c s dng kt hp
vi gia ti trc tng nhanh qu trnh c kt
nn v kh ln.
sand drift [13132] : ct tri.
1- Thut ng chung cho s chuyn ng trn
mt ca ct do gi thi vng hoang mc hoc
dc b bin.
2- Th ct c hnh thnh trong ch khut
gi ca vt cn c nh (nh , bi cy),
thng nh hn n.
sand dune [13133] : n ct.
Tch t ct thnh ng cao do gi, c hu ht
dc b bin thp cao hn mc triu cng,
him hn b ca h rng hoc thung lng
sng, cng nh t nhng vng hoang mc
khc nhau, ni c qu nhiu ct kh trn mt,
hu nh sut nm.
sanderite [13134] : sanderit.
Khong vt: MgSO4. 2H2O.
sand fall [13135] : ct ri.
Tch t ct ri trn vch ng hoc sn dc.
N c th c cc khe hm di y bin hoc
trn t lin.
sandfall [13136] : sandfall.
Mt dc pha khut gi ca n.
n: sandfall face.
sand flat [13137] : mt bng phng bng ct.
Mt bng phng do thy triu cn ci
thc vt.
sand flood [13138] : l ct, lt ct.
Th ct rng mnh mng di chuyn trn cao
hoc trn y hoang mc, nh hoang mc
Rp.
sand flow [13139] : dng ct chy.
1- Trong khe hm di bin, ct chuyn ng
khng lin tc xung cc trc, trong lot cc
ch st va.
2- Ct t chy, nh dc theo ra ca khi ct
sch khng dnh kt b ra xi, do dao ng ln
xung ca nc p lc trong l rng bi s nng
ln h xung ca thy triu.
sand hill [13140] : i ct.
Sng ct nh n ct vng hoang mc.
sand hole [13141] : h ct.
H ct c to ra bi bin do sng y
khng kh ra khi khi bo ha ct trc . N
ging nh du vt c to ra do git nc ma.
sand horn [13142] : doi ct.
Th tch t ct ko di t b vo vng nc
bin nng.
sandia [13143] : sandia.
Ni hnh trn, hnh bu dc ging nh qu
da hu.
sanding [13144] : sanding.
Tch t hoc c to nn bng ct do hot
ng ca dng chy.
sanding up [13145] : vi lp hoc bt li
bng ct.
V d trong l khoan ly ct ln du v kh.
sand key [13146] : o nh ct gn vi b.
n: sand cay.
sand pile [13147] : cc ct.
c s dng gia c nn cho php tng
cng nn v gim ln.
sand pit [13148] : h o trong ct, m khai
thc ct.
sand plain [13149] : ng bng ct.
ng bng c ph bng ct.
sand plateau [13150] : cao nguyn ct.
n: esker delta; delta kame.
sand reef [13151] : ct.
n: sandbar.
sand ridge [13152] : sng ct, g ct.
1- Tn dng gi mt sng ct thp c
hnh thnh mt khong cch xa b hoc b
ngp nc hoc ni cao trn mt nc, v d:
ct dc b, bi bin chn.
2- Lot cc g di, rt thp, song song nhau
trn i b xi mn hin i, thuc cc n ct
di c trc.
3- a hnh nh vo bin trn bi bin ct.
543
n: sandware.
sand ripple [13153] : sng ct.
Gn dng sng cu to bng ct.
sand river [13154] : sng ct.
Trm tch sng cha nhiu ct on trung
lu b di chuyn bi gi.
sand run [13155] : ct chy.
1- S chuyn ng tng t nh cht lng
ca ct kh.
2- Khi ct kh chuyn ng.
sand sea [13156] : bin ct.
Nhm rt rng cc n ct trong phm vi
c cung cp nhiu ct hin i. N c c
im l khng c ng i li hoc cc ch th
v hng, c cc n ct dng sng tch bit
nhau bi cc rnh, trng ging nh sng bin
trong bo.
sandstone [13157] : ct kt.
sandy [13158] : thuc v ct, c c tnh
ca ct.
sandy desert [13159] : hoang mc ct.
Phm vi tch t ct trong vng kh hn,
thng c b mt gn sng ca cc n.
saneroite [13160] : saneroit.
Khong vt:
Na2(Mn+2, Mn+3) (Si11V)O34 (OH)4.
Sangamon [13161] : Sangamon.
Thi k gian bng th ba trong Pleistocen
Bc M, sau k bng h Illinoi, trc
Wisconsin. n: riss-wrm.
sanidine [13162] : sanidin.
Khong vt nhit cao ca nhm feldspar
kim: KAlSi3S8, h n nghing, c trt t
thp, thng gp tinh th dng tm, sch ging
thu tinh, nm trong ni la cha b bin i
nh trachyt. Bn vng trong iu kin cn bng
trn 500oC. Sanidin to dy ng hnh lin tc
vi albit cao, lun cha mt t natri. n: glassy
feldspar; ice spar; rhyacolite.
sanidine facies [13163] : tng sanidin.
Mt din l ca tp hp khong vt bin cht
(tng) bao gm: tridymit, mulit, monticelit,
larnit v sanidin. Thut ng ch mt din l
bin cht c nhit cc i cn p sut cc
tiu, v d cc th t nm trong dung nham
mafic, cc mnh trong tuf hoc i bin cht
tip xc hp m quanh nhng ng dung nham
mafic su nng. Trong nhiu trng hp,
cn quan st thy vt tch nng chy tng phn
hoc ton b, v d buchit.
sanidine nephelinite [13164] : nephelinit
sanidin.
Phonolit mafic giu nephelin, c nhiu
manhetit, c Nieland m t nm 1931, mu
ly Katzenbuckel, c. Nozean i khi cng
thy trong ny thay v s c mt ca
nephelin. khng phi l nephelinit v khng
nn p dng cho cc vng khc.
sanidinite [13165] : sanidinit.
magma (syenit hay trachyt) hu nh ch
c sanidin. Tn gi ny cng c dng cho cc
c feldspar kim khc. Do Nose xng
nm 1808. Khng nn s dng.
sanitary zone of water source protection
[13166] : i phng h v sinh ngun nc.
Din tch t ai vy quanh ngun nc c
khoanh nh nhm bo v ngun nc khi b
nhim bn. Trong phm vi i phng h, khng
c xy dng cc cng trnh (nh , c quan,
c s sn xut, chung tri, v.v.) v tin hnh
cc hot ng c th gy nhim ngun nc
nh x cht thi, chn th sc vt, phn bn, v.v.
n: groundwater protection zones.
sanjuanite [13167] : sanjuanit.
Khong vt: Al2(PO4)(SO4)(OH).9H2O.
sanmartinite [13168] : sanmartinit.
Khong vt: ZnWO. i khi km c thay
th bi st, mangan hoc calci.
santafeite [13169] : santafeit.
Khong vt h trc thoi mu en:
Na2(Mn,Ca,Sr)6Mn3+4 (V,As)6O28.8H2O.
santanaite [13170] : santanait.
Khong vt h su phng Pb11CrO16.
santite [13171] : santit
Khong vt: KB5O8.4H2O.
Santonian [13172] : Santon.
Bc do Coquand thnh lp nm 1857, theo
tn thnh ph Saintoge Php, l bc ca thi
a tng quc t, bc th t t di ln ca
thng thng h Creta (nm trn Coniac, nm
di Campan).
saphir d'eau [13173] : saphir nc.
n: water sapphire (mt th cordierit). T
gc Php.
saponite [13174] : saponit.
Khong vt st giu magnesi tm mt ba,
mu trng n cc mu sng, thuc nhm
montmorilonit: (Ca/2, Na)0,33(Mg, Fe)3
(Si3,67 Al0,33)O10(OH)2.4H2O, nhm c thay th
gn nh hon ton bi magnesi trong lp tm
mt. Saponit gp tng m lp cc mch, cc l
hng trong basalt v serpentin. N nhn v
hi do nhng khng dnh li. n: bowlingite;
mountain soap; piotine; soapstone. T gc Hy
lp: sapon, "soap", x phng.
sappare [13175] : sapar.
n: sapphire, kyanite.
sapphire [13176] : saphir.
544
 1- Corindon c cht lng ngc, tinh khit,
mu xanh lam, c gi tr cao, cha lng nh
cobalt, crom v titan, c dng ch tc thnh
ngc trang sc, tm thy Kashmir, Myanma,
Thi Lan, Vit Nam, Sri-Lanka, v.v. Saphir mu
khc: hng, nu, vng, lc v da cam, chng c
tn gi chung l saphir l (fancy saphire).
2- Mi loi ngc mi t tinh th corindon.
sapphire quartz [13177] : thch anh lam,
thch anh saphir.
1- Mt dng thch anh him, khng trong
sut, mu xanh cnh yn, pht mu nh nhng
si xp tc ri c thnh phn crocidolit b
silic ha.
2- min ty Hoa K, dng ch
chalcedon c mu xanh saphir m n nht.
sapphirine 1Tc [13178] : saphirin-1Tc.
Khong vt h 3 phng: (Mg1Al)8(AlSi)6O20
cng sinh vi aenigmatit.
sapphirine 2M [13179] : saphirin-2M.
1- Khong vt h xin mu xanh lc:
(Mg1Al)8(Al1Si)6O20. L hp phn ca cc
bin cht nhit cao, thiu silic, c kin
trc ht.
2- Tn dng cho cc khong vt mu lam
nh hayn, chalcedon xanh.
sapping [13180] : khot mn.
Qu trnh xi mn t nhin dc chn vch
ng bng s mang i cc va mm lm
cho khi trn b v ra thnh cc khi rng
ri xung.
saprolite [13181] : i saprolit.
Sn phm ca qu trnh laterit ha.
sapropelic coal [13182] : than bn.
Thnh to t thc vt trong vng nc t,
k kh.
sarabauite [13183] : sarabauit.
Khong vt: CaSb10O10S6.
sarcolite [13184] : sarcolit.
Khong vt: Na (Na, K)>1 Ca6 [Al4 Si6 O23]
(OH, H2O)>2[(Si, P)O4]0,5(CO3, Cl)0,5.
sarcopside [13185] : sarcopsid.
Khong vt: (Fe, Mn, Mg)3(PO4)2.
Sardic orogeny [13186] : to ni Sardic.
Thi k to ni vo gn cui Cambri do Stille
xut.
sardonyx [13187] : sardonyc.
Loi ngc chalcedon ging onyc v cu trc
nhng cha cc di song song mu pht nu
hoc nu pht ca sard xen vi cc di mu
trng, nu, en hoc cc mu khc ca cc
khong vt khc. Tn dng khng chnh xc cho
carnelian v sard.
sarkinite [13188] : sarkinit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu tht :
Mn2(AsO4)(OH).
Sarkmarian [13189] : Sarkmari.
Bc do Ruzhenshev (1936) xc lp theo sng
Sakmara Nga, l bc ca thi a tng quc t,
Permi h (nm trn Assel, di Artin).
sarmientite [13190] : sarmientit.
Khong vt mu vng:
Fe2(AsO4)(SO4)(OH).5H2O. ng hnh vi
diadochit.
sarospatakite [13191] : sarospatakit.
Khong vt st ging mica, gm cc lp ilit
v montmorilonit pha trn, tm thy
Sasrospatak, Hungary. n: sarospatite.
sartorite [13192] : sartorit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu xm ti:
PbAs2S4.
saryarkite [13193] : saryarkit.
Khong vt h bn phng mu trng:
(Ca, Y, Th)2Al4 (SiO4, PO4)(OH). 9H2O.
sassolite [13194] : sasolit.
Khong vt mu trng n xm cha acid
boric t nhin: B(OH)3 hoc H3BO3, thng gp
dng vy nh nh v trai gn kt hoc tinh th
dng tm h ba nghing, bao quanh ming ni
la hoc cc l thot kh sulphur. n: sassoline.
satelite [13195] : serpentin mt mo.
Serpentin si c hiu ng pht quang mt
mo, do cc si tremolit dng asbet b silic ha.
satellite [13196] : v tinh, vt i km.
satimolite [13197] : satimolit.
Khong vt: KNa2Al4B6O15Cl3.13H2O.
satin spar [13198] : spat satin.
1- Loi thch cao p dng si, bn trong,
mu trng, c trng bi hiu ng mt mo hoc
nh la.
2- Thut ng dng sai cho th calcit hoc
aragonit dng si hoc dng la.
n: satin stone.
satpaevite [13199] : satpaevit.
Khong vt mu vng:
Al12V+42 V+56 O37.30H2O.
satterlyite [13200] : saterlyit.
Khong vt:
(Fe+2,Mg, Fe+3,H,Na,Mn)2 PO4(OH) l bin
th su phng ca wolfeite.
saturated [13201] : bo ha, no.
1- Ch mt loi c thch anh trong thnh
phn chun.
2- Ni v mt khong vt c hnh thnh
khi c silic t do, ngha l c mt lng cc i
silic cng sinh.
3- Ni v mt magma hay mt dung th
magma ch yu ch gm c nhng khong vt
545
nh vy.
Phn bit trn bo ho, di bo ho v
bo ho.
saturated unit weight [13202] : th trng
bo ha.
Trng lng ring ca t bo ha.
saturation line [13203] : ng bo ha.
Trn biu bin thin, ng biu din mt
lot magma u bo ha silic trong
thnh phn ca chng. Cc nm bn phi
ng l trn bo ha, nm bn tri ng l
di bo ha.
Saturn [13204] : Sao Th.
Saucesian [13205] : Saucesi.
Bc Bc M. Oligocen v Miocen (nm
trn Zemorri, nm di Relizi).
sauconite [13206] : sauconit.
Khong vt st tng t saponit cha Zn, vi
Zn nm v tr Mg tm mt ca magnesi.
saukovite [13207] : saukovit.
n: metacinnabar.
sausage structure [13208] : cu to xc xch,
cu to khc di.
Cu to ca bin cht hnh thnh cc thu
knh pht trin lin tc theo chiu di ca lp.
saussurite [13209] : sausurit.
Tp hp khong vt chc, dai, mu trng, lc
nht hoc xm nht, cha hn hp albit (hoc
oligoclas) vi zoisit hoc epidot cng vi mt
lng thay i gm calcit, sericit, prenit, v cc
silicat calci nhm khc thuc nhm epidot.
Sausurit c thnh to t plagioclas calci b
bin i. Trc y sausurit c coi l mt
khong vt ring bit.
saussuritization [13210] : sausurit ha.
Savic orogeny [13211] : to ni Savic.
Thi k to ni xy ra vo Oligocen mun,
gia k Chatti v k Aquitani (theo Stille).
sawash mark [13212] : du sng v.
G rt nh trn bi bin nh du ch tin
vo xa nht ca sng v b, li v pha t lin.
n: wave line; wavemark; debris line.
sawash pool [13213] : vng sng v.
Vng nc nng pha sau ct sng v.
sawash zone [13214] : i sng v.
Phn nging ca bi bin xen k ngp nc
do sng tro ln v l ra khi sng rt i, ni
nc chuyn ng dc b theo hnh dic dc.
Saxonian [13215] : Saxon.
Bc do Lapparant v M. Schalma thnh lp
nm 1893 theo tn vng Sacxon, thng dng
Ty u, Permi trung (nm trn Autun, nm di
Thuring).
Saxonian-type facies series [13216] : lot
tng kiu Saxon.
Cc bin cht khu vc nhit ng thnh
to nhit t 1000 n 7000oC, p sut t
2000 n 8000 bar, in hnh cho vng granulit
Saxon (c), k c cc a bin cht, khc
i cht vi cc thuc lot tng kiu Barovi
vi granulit cha orthoclas v kyanit.
sazhinite [13217] : sazinit.
Khong vt h trc thoi: Na3CeSi6O15.6H2O.
sborgite [13218] : sborgit.
Khong vt h ba nghing: NaB5O8.5H2O.
scacchite [13219] : scachit.
1- Khong vt: MnCl2.
2- Tn dng cho cc khong vt khc nhau
bao gm monticelit, loi selenit ch cn nghi
ng, fluorit dng bt, mu gch cha
t him.
scale [13220] : vy vch, vy, vy l; t l.
1- (cs) Cu trc dng phin mng gn vo g
vch v np xen vch mt s San h Rugosa,
nh Triplasma, hoc l loi vy cng mng
gn phng San h tm tia; ch cha ra mi
di mt l nm xin vi vch Chn c.
2- Thc t l trong bn .
scale factor [13221] : h s tnh ton trong
chuyn trng th ca a vt l.
scale interval [13222] : khong cch trn
thang o my a vt l.
scalenohedron [13223] : hnh tam gic lch.
Hnh n tinh th khp kn c cc mt
thng l tam gic lch su phng c 12 mt,
tam gic lch bn phng c 8 mt. Tt:
scalenohedral.
scale of earthquake [13224] : thang ng t.
Thang o cp chn ng do ng t gy ra.
Cc thang hay dng l MSK, MM.
scale value [13225] : gi tr vch chia trn
thang o my a vt l.
scallop [13226] : ip (Pectinidae).
Thn mm hai mnh thuc mt h kh ng
c, c v kh c trng l tng i dp, c g
ta tia vi mp v ln sng theo g, c mt c
khp ln v c kh nng va bi va m v khp
v li.
scaly [13227] : dng vy.
1- Ch kin trc khong vt, c bit l
mica, c cc tm, vy v ra t b mt, ging nh
vy c.
2- Lin quan ti s xut hin ca nh
acgilit dng vy.
scandium [13228] : scandi (Sc).
Nguyn t ha hc s 21, nguyn t lng
44,9559; t trng 2,989g/cm3, thuc nhm kim
loi nh, lithophil, c 1 ng v bn v 18 khng
546
bn. Hm lng Sc trong cc (ppm): v lc
a trn l 7; siu mafic 10; gabro-basalt 35;
granit-granodiorit 5; phin 15; trong t 12.
Cc khong vt tiu biu l thorveitit Sc2Si2O7,
kolbeckit ScPO4.2H2O, bazzit Be3(Sc,Fe)2Al6O18.
Phng php phn tch: ICP-AES, ICP-MS,
INAA. Dng Sc trong k ngh laze, vt liu
hunh quang.
scanning electron microscope [13229] : knh
hin vi in t qut.
Knh hin vi in t c s dng chm
electron hi t mnh xuyn theo sng in t
qua mt tm mng , xuyn t im ny n
im khc v b phn x v pht electron theo
cng c o v phn b trn mn hnh to scar [13234] : vt bm c; vch ng, g ,
nn hnh nh. phng i v phn gii thp
hn so vi knh hin vi in t thng thng,
nhng cc i tng khng thu quang c th
soi c n mt su nht nh. Vit tt:
SEM.
scanning transmission electron microscope
[13230] : knh hin vi in t qut xuyn qua.
Knh hin vi in t xuyn qua c kh nng
to nn chm electron xuyn qua mu rt nh
(<100Ao ng knh) v qut qua tm . Chm
in t va xuyn va qut c tp trung di
tm mu nh c mt u o trng thi cng v
t li ti sinh chm electron di dng mt
hnh nh trn ng cc cathod. tng phn
ca hnh nh tng t nh knh hin vi in t
xuyn qua thng c, nhng c u vit ch l
knh hin vi in t qut xuyn qua c th soi
cc mu v cng nh v nh c khuch i
chm in t xuyn qua c ghi o. Cc hnh
nh phn ly in t c th thu c trong nhng
vng c ng knh khong 10 v trong s
lin kt vi h thng o tia X lm cho cc ti
liu phn tch thnh phn c th thu c c
phn gii 500-1000. Trong mt s thit b,
kch thc ng knh ca chm tia electron c
th gim n vi angstrom, do hnh nh c
phn gii cao, c bit i vi cc nguyn t
ln nh urani. Vit tt: STEM.
scaphopod [13231] : Scaphopoda.
Thn mm mt mnh v sng y bin,
thuc mt h c trng bi mt c th ko di
c o bao quanh hon ton, v hnh ng bng
cht vi hoc hnh nn thon (v d Dentalium).
Tui: Devon n ngy nay.
scapolite [13232] : scapolit.
1- Nhm khong vt c cng thc chung l:
(Na,Ca,K)4[Al3(Al,Si)3Si6O24](Cl,F,OH,CO3,SO4),
bao gm cc khong vt phn ln mu trng,
trng xm, kt tinh trong lp thp i h bn
phng, thng to dy ng hnh gia marialit
v meionit. Cc khong vt scapolit gp ch yu
trong bin cht giu calci hoc trong xm
nhp nh sn phm bin i ca plagiocla baz.
2- Khong vt c lp ca nhm scapolit c
thnh phn trung gian gia marialit v meionit.
(Ma: Me t 2: 1-1: 3) cha 46-54% silic, ging
feldspar dng khi nhng c cu to th si v
t trng cao. n: wernerite.
3- Cc khong vt nhm scapolit: scapolit,
mariakit, maionit v mizonit.
scapolitization [13233] : scapolit ha.
S a vo hoc s thay th bng scapolit.
Plagioclas hay b thay th nht. S thay th c
th km theo s a clorit vo.
sn l; nn bng b bin ; vch th
trt; vch khc un.
n: muscle scar; cicatrix.
scarbroite [13235] : scarbroite.
Khong vt mu trng: Al14(CO3)3(OH)36.
n: tucanite.
scarp [13236] : vch, ng vch.
1- ng vch t gy hoc vch do bo
mn trt l.
2- Cc mt vch hoc sn dc tng i
thng tch v theo mt tuyn di nm nhng
cao khc nhau. n: fault scarp.
scarped plain [13237] : ng bng nghing.
Phm vi c cc tng nghing thoi hoc un
np nh. c im nghing ca tng thy r c
cc yu t a hnh nh hn.
scarped ridge [13238] : g vch, dng ngi
lp, cuesta.
Cu trc gm cc lp phn cch nhau bi
cc t gy hoc cc mt lp cng nghing v
mt pha. n: cuesta.
scarp face [13239] : mt vch, sn vch.
scarp-foot spring [13240] : ngun nc
chn vch.
Ngun nc chy ra nm b mt t gn
chn vch ng.
scarpland [13241] : t nghing.
Vng c lot cc mt n nghing (cuesta)
phn cch nhau bi cc vng t thp.
scarplet [13242] : vch ng nh.
Vch nh t cao vi cm n trn 6m, c
bit l vch chn ni (pediment scarp). Vch
nh hnh thnh trn nn mi mn do sng l
cng chc.
scarp retreat [13243] : li vch dc.
S li sn vch dc.
scarp slope [13244] : sn vch.
Sn vch tng i dc hn trong a hnh
cuesta, c hng dc ngc vi hng dc ca
547
a tng.
scarp stream [13245] : dng chy
ngc hng.
Dng chy xung mt lp dc ng ca a
hnh n nghing.
scatter diagram [13246] : th im, th
tn x.
Mt loi th phn tch, trong cc khon
mc d liu c v bng cch im trn h
thng hai trc s; cn gi l scattergram. Cc
th im biu din cc quan h tn x trong cc
d liu s.
scatter of results [13247] : kt qu phn tn.
Kt qu th nghim khng tp trung.
scawtite [13248] : scawtit.
Khong vt h n nghing, khng mu:
Ca7Si6O18(CO3).2H2O.
schachnerite [13249] : schachnerit.
Khong vt h su phng: Ag1,1Hg0,9.
schafarzikite [13250] : schafarzikit.
Khong vt h bn phng, mu n nu:
FeSb2-x (O,OH,H2O)4
schairerite [13251] : schairerit.
Khong vt h mt thoi, khng mu
Na21(SO4)7F6Cl. Ss: galeite.
schallerite [13252] : schalerit.
Khong vt mu nu:
(Mg, Fe)8Si6As (O, OH, Cl)26.
schaurteite [13253] : schaurteit.
Khong vt: Ca3Ge(SO4)2(OH)6. 3H2O
scheelite [13254] : scheelite.
Khong vt h bn phng, mu trng vng
n nu: CaWO4, gp trong mch kh ho, t
hp vi thch anh, pht quang mu lam. Sheelite
ng hnh vi povelit, l qung vonfram.
schefferite [13255] : scheferit.
Khong vt h n nghing, mu nu n
en, thuc nhm pyroxen:
(Ca, Mn)(Mg, Fe, Mn)Si2O6. L loi diopsid
cha mangan v nhiu st.
scheibeite [13256] : scheibeit.
Khong vt mu Pb2CrO5.
n: phoenicochroite.
schertelite [13257] : schertelit.
Khong vt: (NH4)2MgH2(PO4). 4H2O.
scheteligite [13258] : scheteligit.
Khong vt:
(Ca, Y, Sb, Mn)2(Ti, Ta, Nb, W)2O6(O, OH).
schieffelinite [13259] : schiefelinit.
Khong vt: Pb8(TeO4)(SO4)3. 8H2O.
schiller [13260] : schiller.
n: schillerization, play of color.
T gc c.
schiller spar [13261] : schillerspar.
n: bastite.
schillerization [13262] : schiller ho.
S pht trin ca schiller hay giao ha mu.
S giao ha trong khong vt gy ra do s sp
xp cc bao th li ti trong tinh th.
schirmerite [13263] : schirmerit.
Khong vt mt trt t nhm ng ng
lilianit, cng thc thay i: Ag3Pb3Bi9S18 n
Ag3Pb6Bi7S18.
schist [13264] : phin.
kt tinh b nn p mnh, c thnh to
do hot ng bin cht ng lc, lm cho c
th tch thnh tm mng. iu nh c trn
50% khong vt to pht trin song song, c
bit cc khong vt hnh tm, hnh que ko di
nh: mica v hornblend. Thnh phn khong vt
khng phi l mt yu t bt buc phn loi
v t tn , tr mt s trng hp, nh
phin thch anh-muscovit. t tn cc phin
khc nhau cng c th da trn thnh phn
chnh: phin silicat-calci, phin amphibol,
hoc da vo kin trc: phin m vt.
schistosity [13265] : tnh phn phin.
Qu trnh p nn trong phin hay trong
ht th, kt tinh to nn tnh phn phin, nh
c s sp xp theo mt ca cc khong vt hnh
tm, hnh tr, hnh elipsoid, thng l mica. i
khi tnh phn phin nh mt kiu th tch
(Cleavage).
schizodont [13266] : Rng x (Schizodonta).
Ni v b rng ca Thn mm hai mnh c
mt rng chnh rt ln x ra lm hai nhnh bng
nhau nm mnh tri v cc rng th hay bin
i nm ta ra t bn di nh; ni v mt
phn lp Ostracoda c rng trc v hc cha
rng mt mnh v x lm i, v cc cu trc
ngc li mnh v i din.
schizolite [13267] : schizolit.
Th pectolit mu ti cha mangan.
schizolophe [13268] : th lc x rng.
Th lc Tay cun x rng c pha
trc v phn gia l r mt i tay mang
mt hng phn ph kp cht si, t nht l
pha ngoi.
schlossmacherite [13269] : schlosmacherit.
Khong vt nhm beudantit:
(H3O, Ca) Al3(SO4, AsO4)2 (OH)6.
schmeiderite [13270] : schmeiderit.
Khong vt: (Pb, Cu)2SeO4(OH)2 (?).
schmidt hammer [13271] : ba schmidt.
Th nghim khng ph hoi lm vic theo
nguyn l s di li ca ba t mt b tng t l
vi sc chu nn ca b tng.
schmidt hammer rebound test [13272] : th
nghim bt ny (o chi).
548
 C th s dng ba bt ny Schmidt, c
dng ph bin trong th nghim b tng, c
nh nhanh sc bn ca . Ba bt ny xch tay
kiu L gm c pt tng vi l xo nn. o bng
cch n u ba vo b mt vt l hoc li
khoan. Khi n ht tm, mt lc s c gii
phng lm pt tng bt ny tr li mt khong,
c con tr nh du trn thc t l. chnh
l bt ny Schmidt, t l thun vi cng
ca b mt . i vi loi mm, yu bt Ca3(Fe, Ti)2(Si, Ti)3O12. Ss: melanite.
ny Schmidt = 0; v ti 60 i vi loi cng,
khng b dp v.
Schmidt net [13273] : mng Schmidt.
Mng chiu cu do Walter Schmidt xut,
dng thng k trong tinh th v trong a
cht cu to. Trong a cht cu to, mng
Schmidt c dng ch yu gia cng s liu
kin to khe nt, t gy v cc dng cu to
mt, cu to ng khc nhm xc nh cc mt
hoc cc ng i din cho mt im nghin
cu. Mng Schmidt cn c dng nghin
cu trng ng sut kin to. n: Schmidt
projection.
Schmidt projection [13274] : php chiu
Schmidt.
Php chiu cu do Walter Schmidt (1885-
1945), nh a cht ngi o xut, ch yu
c s dng trong a cht cu to, l php
chiu phng v ng din tch ca bn cu di
ln trn mt phng xch o.
schmitterite [13275] : schmiterit.
Khong vt: (UO2)TeO3.
schneiderhhnite [13276] : schneiderhonit.
Khong vt h ba nghing: Fe8+3 As10+3O23.
schoderite [13277] : schoderit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu da cam:
Al2(PO4)(VO4).8H2O.
Schoenflies notation [13278] : k hiu
Schoenflies.
H thng m t cc lp tinh th, ch yu
c cc nh vt l, ho hc s dng.
n: Schoenflies symbols.
Schoenflies symbols [13279] : k hiu
Schoenflies.
n: Schoenflies notation.
schoenfliesite [13280] : schoenfliesit.
Khong vt h lp phng: MgSn(OH)6.
schoenite [13281] : schoenit.
n: picromerite. Cng vit: schnite.
schoepite [13282] : schoepit.
Khong vt th sinh mu vng: UO3.2H2O.
n: epiianthinite.
scholzite [13283] : scholzit.
Khong vt khng mu n mu trng:
CaZn2(PO4)2. 2H2O.
schorl [13284] : schorl.
1- Thut ng thng dng cho tourmalin, c
bit vi loi c, mu en, giu st.
2- Thut ng li thi, ch bt c khong vt
mu en no ngoi tourmalin, v d hornblend.
n: Schorlite.
schorlomite [13285] : schorlomit.
Khong vt mu en thuc nhm granat:
Schottky defect [13286] : khuyt tt Schottky.
S thiu mt nguyn t trong cu trc tinh
th, l loi khuyt tt im.
schreibersite [13287] : schreibersit
Khong vt thin thch h bn phng mu
trng bc n trng thic, t tnh cao: (Fe, Ni)P.,
cha mt lng nh coban v hm lng vt ca
ng, khi xn cho mu vng ng thau n nu.
Shreibersit to cc bao th dng tm nh hng
trong thin thch st. n: rhabdite.
Schreinemakers' analysis [13288]: php phn
tch Schreinemakers.
Phng php ln u do H.A. Schreine-
makers xng vo nm 1920, xc nh
hnh thi biu pha da trn s lng v thnh
phn ca hp phn cc pha trong h.
schreyerite [13289] : schreyerit.
Khong vt: V2Ti3O9.
schroeckingerite [13290] : schroeckingerit.
Khong vt th sinh mu vng lc:
NaCa3(UO2)(CO3)3 (SO4) F.10H2O. L qung
ca uran. Cng vit l: schrckingerite.
n: dakeite.
schrtterite [13291] : schroterit.
Alophan giu nhm, ging opal. Mu t khu
vc in hnh cho thy l hn hp ca haloysit
ging thu tinh v varicit dng t.
schubnelite [13292] : schubnelit.
Khong vt: Fe+3V4O. H2O.
schuchardtite [13293] : schuchardtit.
Loi vermiculit xen kp clorit cha nickel.
schuetteite [13294] : schuetteit.
Khong vt mu vng: Hg3(SO4)O2
schuillingite [13295] : schuilingit.
Khong vt mu lam :
Pb3Ca6Cu2(CO3)8(OH)6. 6H2O.
schulenbergite [13296] : schulenbergit.
Khong vt lin quan vi spangolit v
namuvit: (Cu, Zn)7 (SO4, CO3)2 (OH)10. 3H2O.
schultenite [13297] : schultenit.
Khong vt khng mu: PbHAsO4.
schumacherite [13298] : schumacherit.
Khong vt: Bi3O(OH)(AsO4)2.
schungite [13299] : schungit.
549
 n: shungite.
schrmann series [13300] : dy Schurmann.
Bng sp xp cc kim loi theo th t tc
kt ta ca sulfat tng ng t nhanh n chm.
schwartzembergite [13301] :
schwartzembergit.
Khong vt: Pb6(IO3)2Cl4O2(OH)2.
schwatzite [13302] : schvatzit.
Tetrahedrit cha thy ngn.
scientific stone [13303] : nhn to.
qu tng hp, ti to hoc lm m phng
theo ngc. n: scientific gem.
scintillation [13304] : nhp nhy hay pht
la (ngc).
S pht sng hay s pht ra tia la hay
s bin i nh phn x t b mt mi bng ca
ngc.
scintillator [13305] : cht nhp nhy.
Vt liu trong sut bt k (cht kt tinh, cht
lng, cht hu c) c th pht ra nhng tia la
nh khi b bn ph bi mt cht oxy ho nh
cc ht phng x.
scissor fault [13306] : t gy bn l, t gy
dng ci ko.
t gy xoay quanh mt im trc, ti im
ny t gy khng c dch chuyn. Theo ng
phng ca t gy i qua im ny, t gy b
dch chuyn vi c ly cng xa cng ln v ngc
chiu nhau.
scleractinian [13307] : San h su tia
(Scleractinia).
San h thuc mt b c trng bi nhng
dng n th hay qun th c b xng ngoi
bng cht vi do ni b tit ra. B ny gm phn
ln nhng dng sau Paleozoi v nhng San h
hin ang sng. Tui: Trias gia n ngy nay.
sclerenchyme [13308] : b tng dy, m
xng xp.
M cht vi San h Rugosa n th, nht
l phn tng dy ng k ca b xng; cu trc
xng dng m xp khong gia cc San h
thuc mt qun th, nh l cht do m xng
ngoi tit ra San h su tia.
scleroderm [13309] : m b cng.
Lp m xng xp rt cng b xng San
h su tia.
sclerometer [13310] : my o vi cng.
Thit b dng trong phn tch khong vt
xc nh cng khong vt bng cch o p sut
ca mi nhn kim cng trn mt khong vt.
scleroseptum [13311] : vch cng.
Vch vi ta tia San h.
scolecite [13312] : scolecit.
Khong vt zeolit: CaAl2Si3O10.3H2O.
Thng gp tng nhm cc khong vt hnh kim
hoc hnh si mu trng to tia, b qun li khi
nung nng.
scolecodont [13313] : ho thch rng giun.
Hm rng ho thch c c rng ca Giun t
vng (Annelida), bng cht silic v chitin; cht
chitin b carbon ho thnh en nhnh trong qu
trnh ho thch.
scorilite [13314] : scorilit.
Thy tinh ni la.
scorodite [13315] : scorodit.
Khong vt h trc thoi, mu lc n nu:
FeAsO4.2H2O. ng hnh vi mansfieldit, l
qung ngho ca arsen.
scorzalite [13316] : scorzalit.
Khong vt mu lam:
(Fe+2,Mg)Al2(PO4)2(OH)2. ng hnh vi
lazulit.
Scotch pebble [13317] : si Scotch.
Nhng mnh m no, carnelian, cairngorm
hoc cc th thch anh c mi trn, tm
thy trong cui si Scotland, c dng lm
bn qu.
Scotch topaz [13318] : topaz Scotch.
Thch anh mu vng trong sut, trng ging
topaz, c bit l cairngorm.
Scotch type volcano [13319] : ni la kiu
Scotch.
Mt dng ni la c c trng bi cc vy
xp ng tm do st ln.
scotlandite [13320] : scotlandit.
Khong vt sulfit t nhin u tin c m
t: PbSO3.
scounting cost [13321] : ph tn iu tra, chi
ph tm hiu ban u.
scour [13322] : ra xi, xi l.
1- Hot ng o x, ra sch tp trung v
mnh ca dng khng kh, nc, bng, v d:
xi mn su ca dng nc do bn v t trn
sn ngoi ca khc un no vt i hoc xy ra
trong thi gian l.
2- Mt ni y dng chy b no su
thng thy cn li cui.
scour and fill [13323] : ra xi v lp y.
Qu trnh o x hoc ti lp y ca mt
knh lch do sng hoc thy triu, c bit r
trong thi gian l khi lng nc v tc nc
tng t ngt, o x to lng mi v li c
lp y trm tch khi l rt.
scour channel [13324] : ra xi lng knh.
Dng xi mn ging nh rnh rng c to
ra trong trm tch bi ra xi.
scour depression [13325] : trng ra xi.
Trng hnh li lim c to ra y dng
550
chy gn sn ngoi ca bn l khc un do
nc ra xi bn di ch dc ca dng chy.
scour lineation [13326] : rnh xi.
Rnh trn, t g gh rng 2-5cm hnh thnh
trn b mt trm tch l kt qu ca cc hot
ng ca dng nc.
scour mark [13327] : vt ra xi.
Vt ra xi c to ra do hot ng ct x,
o bi ca dng nc chy trn y.
scouring [13328] : qu trnh ra xi di tc
ng ca gi, bng hay nc.
scouring velocity [13329] : vn tc ra xi.
Vn tc nc cn thit cun i c mt
phn cht rn di y sng, sui.
scrap mica [13330] : mica vn.
Mica c kch thc, mu sc hoc cht lng
k thut thp hn mica tm, v d cc vy mica
hoc mica thu lm t cht ph thi cng nghip
khi sn xut mica tm.
scraper [13331] : thit b san phng.
T hnh hoc ko bng my xc (self-
propelled or tractor-drawn).
scratch and indentation test [13332] : th
nghim o cng, th nghim n, vch.
Th nghim vch c Friedrich Von Mohs
gii thiu ln u tin vo nm 1882. Thang
cng Mohs s dng 10 khong vt tiu chun,
mm nht l talc (H=1) v cng nht l kim
cng (H=10). Calcite v thch anh c cng
tng ng l 3 v 7. Th nghim n o lm
ca b mt o khi c cc mi hnh cu, hnh nn
hoc chp n ln.
scree [13333] : dm, sc cnh.
vn nm trn sn ni. n: talus slope.
screen [13334] : sng ht t hoc sng ,
cng tc sng.
screening [13335] : mn chn.
Mn cn sng (a chn) i qua do khng
nghin cu su hn c mt ny.
screening plant [13336] : nh my sng v
phn loi .
screw auger [13337] : khoan gung xon.
screw axis [13338] : trc xon.
Mt loi yu t i xng tinh th, l s kt
hp php quay 360o/n vi s tnh tin khong
cch a/mn m a l chu k mng (thng l trc
tinh th a, b hoc c), n c th l 1, 2, 4, 6 v m
t 0-n.
screw dislocation [13339] : lch mng xon.
Mt kiu khuyt tt ng trong tinh th, l
mt dy nguyn t m mt mng xoy trn c.
screw pile [13340] : cc xon, cc vt.
Cc c mi dng vt c xon vo t.
sculpture [13341] : t im; chm tr.
1- (cs) Dng t im pht trin trn b mt
cc phn cng c bo tn li ca ng vt, v
d cc g v mu trn mt v Chn bng; Cc
bin ci cu trc mng ngoi ca ht phn hay
bo t, v d gai, ht, nt sn, g mt li, v.v.
to nn c im ca mng ngoi cng.
2- S khc, tc, ct to ra cc dng trn mt
ca b mt Tri t do cc tc nhn xi mn nh
ma, nc chy, sng, bng h v gi. Thut
ng cng c dng khng chnh xc khi bao
gm c qu trnh tch t v vn ng ca Tri
t. n: Earth sculpture; land sculpture;
glyptogenesis; a hnh c hnh thnh do ci
bin v chm khc mt dng ang tn ti.
scyphozoan [13342] : ng vt dng bt
(Scyphozoa).
ng vt Rut khoang bin thuc mt lp
trong nhng i biu dng Sa chim u th.
Tui: Tin Cambri hoc Cambri n ngy nay.
Scythian [13343] : Scythi
Bc do Mojsisovic, Waagen, Diener thnh
lp nm 1895, theo tn b tc Skif, thng dng
Ty u, Trias h (nm trn Permi, nm di
Anisi Trias trung), cn c vit l Skythian.
n: Werfelian.
S-dolostone [13344] : mc tng dolomit S,
Sdolostone.
Dolomit n nh v mt a tng, xen k r
rng vi vi trn din rng.
sea arch [13345] : cu bin.
Ch h xuyn qua mi nh c hnh thnh
do xi mn sng hoc do ha tan (nh s m
rng hang bin hoc do s thng nhau ca hai
hang bin t hai sn i din) v li mt
cu cao trn mt nc. n: marine arch;
marine bridge; sea bridge; natural arch;
natural bridge.
sea bank [13346] : b bin, vch bin.
sea bottom [13347] : y bin.
sea bridge [13348] : cu bin.
n: sea arch.
sea captured stream [13349] : dng chy ven
bin ct ngang.
Dng chy song song vi b bin b ct
ngang thnh hai on do xi mn bin. C th
vo bin theo kiu thc.
sea cave [13350] : hang bin.
L hng chn vch ng ca bin, ni sng
tc dng lm m rng cc ng nt t nhin
ca d b phong ha. Hang thng st mt
nc, chu tc ng ca thy triu.
sea chasm [13351] : hang bin hp v su.
sea cliff [13352] : vch ng bin.
Vch hoc sn c to ra do sng c ra
551
ca b hoc pha t lin ca nn bng mi mn
do sng, to nn gii hn pha trong ca xi
mn bi bin. C th l mt sn kh thy r
hoc l mt vch ng cao.
n: cliff; marine cliff.
sea coast [13353] : b bin.
B bin lin k vi bin hoc i dng.
n: seaboard.
sea cut [13354] : mi mn do bin.
n: marine cut.
sea fan [13355] : dng qut bin
n: submarine fan.
sea floor trench [13356] : rnh su y bin.
n: trench.
sea level [13357] : mc nc bin.
sea marsh [13358] : m ly ven bin.
L m ly nc mn b ngp nc bin nh
k. n: sea meadow.
sea meadow [13359] : m ly ven bin.
n: sea marsh.
sea mud [13360] : bn bin.
n: sea ooze.
sea ooze [13361] : bn bin.
n: sea mud.
sea peat [13362] : mt kiu him thy ca
than bn c hnh thnh t c i.
sea plain [13363] : ng bng xi mn bin.
n: plain of marine erosion.
sea rim [13364] : mc bin nm ngang.
sea slick [13365] : b mt thng nhn.
Vng phng nhn trn b mt i dng.
sea slope [13366] : sn pha bin ca t lin
sea terrace [13367] : thm bin.
n: marine terrace.
sea wall [13368] : bin.
1- di c mt dc n c hoc c cc
tng trn cnh, hnh thnh do sng bo mnh
dc b mc triu cao.
2- nhn to dc b chng xi mn bin.
sea water intrusion [13369] : xm nhp ca
nc bin.
Hin tng nc bin ln v pha t lin
theo cc ca sng hay cc tng cha nc di
t do nguyn nhn t nhin (nh hn hn khin
cho mc nc mt v nc di t trong ni
a h thp hn mc nc bin) hay nhn to
(khai thc nc di t qu mc i ven b
li ko "li mn" vo t lin, v.v.).
seabeach [13370] : bi bin.
seaboard [13371] : b bin, di t vin
b bin.
seacoast [13372] : b bin.
n: seaboard.
sea-floor spreading [13373] : tch gin y
i dng.
Thuyt a kin to cho rng v i dng b
ph hy bi dng i lu ca manti dng ln to
nn dy ni ngm gia i dng hoc h thng
rift th gii. Nhng lp phun tro c hnh
thnh dc theo dy ni ngm gia i dng,
lp sau y lp trc tin dn v pha lc a vi
vn tc khong 1-10 cm/nm. Thuyt Tch gin
y i dng l c s ca thuyt Kin to
mng. n: ocean-floor spreading; spreading
concept; spreading-floor hypothesis.
sea-foam [13374] : bt bin.
n: sepiolite.
seal off [13375] : gn, lin kt.
sealing fault [13376] : t gy ng kn.
t gy ng vai tr mt chn khng cho
cht lu i qua.
seam [13377] : va, lp.
seamanite [13378] : seamanit.
Khong vt h trc thoi mu vng nht n
mu vng ru vang: Mn3(PO4)(BO3).3H2O.
seapeak [13379] : mi bin.
L mi nh ra bin c nh nhn.
seapoose [13380] : ca thot triu hoc sng
triu nng.
seaquake [13381] : ng t c chn tiu
di nc.
ng t c chn tiu di nc, cc sng
dc P trong ng t c th khc x theo y
bin vi vn tc truyn sng trong nc
(1,5km/s).
searlesite [13382] : searlesit.
Khong vt mu trng: NaB(SiO3)2.H2O.
seascarp [13383] : vch ng hoc tng cao,
di, thng di bin.
seashore [13384] : b bin
1- Di t hp k lin hoc bao bc quanh
bin hoc i dng. n: seaside.
2- Thut ng ng cho ton b mt t gia
cc mc triu thng thng. n: seastrand.
seashore lake [13385] : h ven b.
H dc theo b bin cha nc ngt hoc
nc mn. Dng ngn cch gia h v bin l
vt chn tch t hnh thnh do sng hoc do
sng trn mt delta.
seashore migration [13386] : dch chuyn
b bin.
S thay i v tr v hnh dng b bin do
nhng nguyn nhn t nhin (s dng-h mc
nc bin, qu trnh bin tin-bin thoi, s bi
t-xi l, v.v.) hoc nhn to (hot ng quai
ln bin, v.v.).
seaside [13387] : b bin.
n: seashore.
552
 seasonal movement [13388] : dch chuyn
theo ma.
seat of settlement [13389] : khu vc pht
sinh ln.
secan modulus of elasticity [13390] : modul
n hi ct tuyn.
Nhiu loi vt liu (b tng chng hn)
khng tun theo mt cch chnh xc nh lut
Hooke v cc sai lch do lm vic khng n
hi. Nu sai lch qu ln th cn thit xc nh
modul n hi l tip tuyn hay ct tuyn ca
ng cong ng sut-bin dng.
sechron [13391] : thi tch, sechron.
Khong thi gian a cht cc i ca mt
tng trm tch c xc nh ti nhng im m
cc ranh gii bin i trong khng gian t
khng chnh hp thnh chnh hp v khng km
theo cc gin on quan trng.
second law of thermodynamics [13392] :
nh lut th hai nhit ng hc.
nh lut pht biu v entropy nh l hm
s trng thi ca h, theo mi qu trnh xy
ra theo mt chiu, s bin i entropy bng
nhit lng trao i vi mi trng vy quanh
chia cho nhit tuyt i. Trong nhng qu
trnh khng thun nghch, s bin i entropy
bao gi cng ln hn thng s ca nhit lng
v nhit .
Secondary [13393] : i th hai; Mesozoi.
Thut ng s dng t u th k 19, tng
ng vi Floetz, ch cc thnh to t Devon
n t. V sau c s dng ch cc thnh
to phn tng nm gia gii Th nht (Primary)
v tam (Tertiary) ko di t Silur n Creta,
sau na c xem l ton b Mesozoi. T cui
th k 19 khng s dng, thay bng Mesozoi.
secondary [13394] : th sinh, th cp, ph.
Cc cu trc sinh ra giai on mun hn.
secondary boiling point [13395] : im si
th hai.
S xut hin pha kh t pha lng trong khi
ngui. Trong khi ngui, s kt tinh ca mt khi
lng ln cc hp phn ngho hoc thiu cc cht
d bay hi, v d feldspar, dn n s tp trung
cao cc cht d bay hi, v d nc trong cht
lng cn st li, cui cng, p sut kh ca cht
lng ny tr nn ln hn p sut gi n, v cht
kh xut hin, tc cht lng si ln.
secondary clay [13396] : st th sinh.
St c vn chuyn t v tr thnh to ca n
v c ti trm tch mt ni no .
secondary cleavage [13397] : th ch
th sinh.
Tn c ca th ch.
secondary consolidation [13398] : c kt th
sinh, c kt th cp.
S gim th tch ca khi t gy bi mt ti
trng tc dng ko di. Qu trnh ny ch xy ra
khi nc trong l rng ca t b y ra v ti
trng tc dng c chuyn t nc sang
phn ht rn ca t.
secondary crater [13399] : ming (ni la)
th sinh.
Ming va p pht sinh do s va p vi vn
tc tng i thp ca cc mnh tung ra t
ming nguyn sinh ln, v d; mt s ming trn
Mt trng pht trin xung quanh ming ln. Cn
gi l hng v tinh.
secondary current [13400] : dng th cp,
dng phn cc.
secondary deposit [13401] : m qung
th sinh.
M qung c thnh to mt v khc so
vi v tr ban u cc thnh phn c ch (qung)
c pht sinh. V d: m sa khong lng
sng cha vng, platin, casiterit, m sa khong
bin cha casiterit, t him, titanomagnhetit,
ilmenit, m sa khong aluvi cha kim cng,
qu, v.v.
secondary dispersion haloes [13402] : vnh
phn tn th sinh,
L khu vc c hm lng d thng cc
nguyn t ch th qung trong cc trm tch b
ri, trong t c thnh to do kt qu ca s
ph hy biu sinh cc thn qung hoc vnh
phn tn nguyn sinh ca n. Ty thuc vo
ngun gc v s thnh to cc vnh phn tn th
sinh m chia ra cc loi : vnh phn tn tn d
v vnh phn tn chng cht. Theo v tr tng
quan vi b mt hin i cn chia ra : vnh phn
tn h v vnh phn tn kn.
secondary dispersion train [13403] : dng
phn tn nham a ha th sinh.
L phn ko di ca vnh phn tn trong cc
dng chy ca sng sui, c hnh thnh do s
ph hy biu sinh ca cc thn qung hoc cc
vnh phn tn nguyn sinh v th sinh
ca chng.
secondary enrichment [13404] : lm giu
th sinh.
secondary fault [13405] : t gy th cp, t
gy ph.
t gy nh song song vi t gy chnh.
secondary fold [13406] : np un th cp.
Np un hnh thnh trn cnh ca np un
c trc.
secondary fumarole [13407] : kh nng
th sinh.
secondary geosyncline [13408] : a mng
th sinh.
553
 a mng xut hin vo cao im ca qu
trnh pht trin a mng hoc sau thi k un
np to ni, v d nh hu a mng tht hoc
a mng ngoi.
secondary inclusion [13409] : bao th
th sinh.
Cc bao th cht lu c hnh thnh bng
bt k ngun gc no tip theo qu trnh kt tinh
ca khong vt chnh hon ton hnh thnh.
Phn ln chng c thnh to do s lp y ti
kt tinh cc khe nt bn trong tinh th ch.
secondary layer [13410] : lp v ph.
Lp v trong Tay cun to ra bi biu
m ngoi, c th l dng si, dng phin hay
lng tr.
secondary mineral [13411] : khong vt
th sinh.
Khong vt c thnh to do s bin i cc
khong vt nguyn sinh ng thi vi s thay
i mi trng c bit l s tc ng ca nc,
khng kh, nhit , p sut. T cc khong vt
nguyn sinh, trong iu kin mi trng thay
i pht sinh nhng khong vt mi. V d t
pyrit pht sinh limonit, t galenit pht sinh
cerucit hoc pyromorphit, t feldspar pht sinh
kaolinit.
secondary optic axis [13412] : trc quang hc
th hai.
L mt trong hai trc quang hc (quang trc)
trong tinh th. Tt c cc tia sng truyn dc
theo n c cng mt tc .
secondary pollutant [13413] : cht gy
nhim th sinh.
Mt cht gy nhim hnh thnh trong mi
trng do s kt hp hoc do phn ng ca
nhng cht gy nhim khc (nguyn sinh).
secondary quartzite [13414] : quarzit
th sinh.
thch anh thnh to do s bin i nhit
dch ca cc , ch yu l phun tro. Ngoi
thch anh c thnh to do s bin i ny cn
c serixit, alunit, kaolinit, pyrofylit, diaspor, v
c pyrit, hematit, rutin, coridon, topaz, v.v.
Quarzit th sinh thng i km cc m quan
trng, c bit l trong phun tro trung tnh
b quarzit ho. V d nh m corindon, alunit,
m a kim-vng. Quarzit th sinh thng c cu
to phn i, t khng bin i n serixit,
pyrofylit, kaolinit, alunit, diaspor, andaluzit,
corindon. Quarzit th sinh l mt tiu chun
quan trng tm kim m trong cc trng
phun tro.
secondary shears [13415] : h khe nt ct
th sinh.
n: riedel shears.
secondary stratification [13416] : phn tng
th sinh.
S phn tng ca cc thnh to trm tch
c ti tch t.
secondary time effect [13417] : c kt
th cp.
secondary twinning [13418] : song tinh
th sinh.
secondary unconformity [13419] : khng
chnh hp th sinh.
Mi quan h khng chnh hp ca cc h
tng khc tui hoc cc phn ca mt h tng
cng tui xy ra sau qu trnh tch t do hin
tng un np khng iu ha, diapia, chm
nghch, v.v.
second-class ore [13420] : qung loi hai.
Loi qung cn x l, lm giu m bo
cht lng khi a ra th trng. Ss: first-class
ore. n: milling ore.
second-order pinacoid [13421] : hnh i mt
bc hai.
Bt c hnh i mt no c k hiu { h 01}
hoc {h 01} ca tinh th h n nghing hoc
ba nghing.
second-order prism [13422] : lng tr
bc hai.
Hnh n tinh th: Lng tr {100} trong tinh
th h bn phng, lng tr {1120} trong tinh
th su phng v {101} trong tinh th h
trc thoi.
second-order transformation [13423] :
chuyn pha bc hai.
S chuyn pha a hnh, trong o hm bc
hai ca hm nng lng t do b gin on
nhit chuyn pha, t nhit cng th hin gin
on. o hm bc mt, entropy v th tch l
lin tc. (Putnis&McConnell, 1980).
sectile [13424] : ct c.
Ch khong vt c th dng dao ct c, v
d: argentit.
section [13425] : on, khonh, biu , mt
ct; lot thnh h a cht mt vng nht
nh; tng l ra theo chiu thng ng; biu
mt ct a chn; lt mng (kv),
(kv) Mt ct qua mt vt th.
section line [13426] : ranh gii khonh.
ng ranh gii ca mt khonh t, mt
khu t.
secular movements [13427] : chuyn ng
th k.
Chuyn ng lu di ca v Tri t hoc
nng ln hoc h xung c tnh h thng chim
thi gian hng k a cht.
sederholmite [13428] : sederholmit.
554
 Khong vt: beta-NiSe.
sediment [13429] : trm tch, lng ng.
sediment discharge [13430] : lu lng
trm tch.
Lng vt liu trm tch (o bng khi lng
hay th tch) b dch chuyn bi dng sng trong
mt thi gian no .
sediment discharge ratio [13431] : t l
trm tch.
T s gia tng lu lng ca sui v tng
lng trm tch.
sedimentary [13432] : thuc v trm tch,
lng ng.
sedimentary basin [13433] : b trm tch.
Vng rng ln cha cc trm tch. C
khong 600 b trm tch trn ton th gii.
sedimentary breccia [13434] : dm kt
trm tch.
Loi vn gm ch yu l cc mnh gc
cnh, kch thc ln.
sedimentary evironment [13435]: mi trng
trm tch.
Mt vng c gii hn v a l, trong
cc trm tch c lu gi, th hin c im v qu trnh kt cng magma, kt qu to nn s
a hnh, kh hu, nng lng nc, ch gi,
hot ng ca sinh vt v cc cht ha hc c
lin quan, trong khi thnh to chng.
sedimentary peat [13436] : trm tch
than bn.
Than bn c thnh to di nc, thng
l h v gm ch yu l tro v cc dng tng
ng. n: lake peat; pulpy peat; dredge peat.
sedimentary structure [13437] : cu to trm
tch.
Cu to ca trm tch v bin cht yu
c hnh thnh thi im lng ng, bao gm
phn lp, phn lp xin cho, phn lp nghing,
gn sng, du vt nt n, khe nt bn.
sedimentary tectonics [13438] : kin to
trm tch.
Hin tng un np v bin dng cc vt liu
trong trng a mng gy ra bi hin tng st
ln, t gy cc tng trong a mng.
sedimentation [13439] : trm tch, lng ng.
sedimentation analysis [13440] : phn tch
thnh phn ht bng lng ng.
sedovite [13441] : sedovit.
Khong vt mu nu n nu : U (MoO4)2.
seed [13442] : mm.
n: seed crystal.
seed crystal [13443] : mm tinh th.
L mt ht nh c nh hng ca tinh
th, c dng lm mm nui tinh th.
n: seed.
seeligerite [13444] : seligerit.
Khong vt: Pb3(IO3)Cl3O.
seep [13445] : thm, lc, thm thu.
seepage [13446] : thm; lng nc b mt i
do thm.
seepage failure [13447] : ph hy do thm,
ph hy v p do thm nc.
seepage force [13448] : lc thm, p lc thm.
n: seepage pressure.
seepage line [13449] : ng bo ha,
ng thm.
n: line of seepage.
seepage path [13450] : ng thm, qu
o thm.
seepage velocity [13451] : tc thm, tc
dng chy do thm.
segelerite [13452] : segelerit
Khong vt h trc thoi:
CaMgFe+3(PO4)2 (OH)4.H2O.
segregation [13453] : phn ly magma;
phn tng.
1- S tp trung ca nhng tinh th l khong
vt c kt tinh tch t trong giai on sm ca
phn ly magma; S phn ly lng (dung ly), v d
mt dung th tn d c tch ra t mt dung
th thnh to sm hn.
2-(cctr) Vt liu b phn tng, ct liu b
tng b phn tng.
segregation banding [13454] : phn di
th sinh.
Tnh phn di song song trong gneis
khng c ngun gc nguyn sinh m do kt qu
ca qu trnh phn ly vt cht t mt thot
u hon ton ng nht.
seiche [13455] : dao ng mc nc h.
seidozerite [13456] : seidozerit.
Khong vt mu nu:
(Na,Ca)2(Zr,Ti,Mn)2 Si2O7(O,F)2.
seika [13457] : thit b sang bng t trong
thm d a chn.
seinjokite [13458] : seinajokit.
Khong vt: FeSb2.
seism crew [13459] : i o a chn thm d
(pht, thu).
seismic atribute [13460] : c trng a chn.
Php o da vo cc s liu a chn nh:
bin , pha tc thi, tn s tc thi, vn tc
truyn sng, s phn cc, v.v.
seismic country [13461] : vng ng t.
seismic cross section [13462] : mt ct
a chn.
C th nh seismic section.
seismic detector [13463] : my thu sng
555
 a chn.
seismic focus [13464] : chn tiu ng t.
seismic indexes to rock quality [13465] : cc
ch s a chn xc nh cht lng .
C th p dng cc phng php a vt l
xc nh cc tnh cht nh a chn, in, t,
trng lc, x ca nhm hai mc ch: o v
ranh gii cc h tng, t gy, np un v m t
nh lng tng h tng . m t nh
lng, trong thc t ngi ta ch hay s dng
cc phng php a chn. Cc phng php ny
o thi gian cn sng m (tn s thp) v
sng siu m (tn s cao) lan truyn trong t
thit b pht n thit b thu. Vn tc sng m
c tnh bng cch chia qung ng cho thi
gian truyn sng, qua cho nhng thng tin
thit yu v hng v mt khe nt ca ,
t suy ra sc bn khi , bin dng v
dn thy lc, v.v. Sng m lan truyn trong
c chc v cng nhanh hn so vi trong
mm yu, nhiu l hng, khe nt. Trong mi
trng c nhiu vi khe nt, sng m lan
truyn chm hn nhiu so vi xp rng c
cng hng tng cng.
seismic profiler [13466] : thit b thm d a
chn bin.
Thit b a chn phn x dng thm d trn
bin, c ngun cng sut nh, mt knh hoc
nhiu knh, thng hay dng trong nghin cu
i dng. Tuy vy ngy nay c th dng ngun
cng sut ln.
seismic prospecting [13467] : thm d
a chn.
seismic pulse [13468] : xung a chn.
Dao ng a chn thu c khi ngun pht
hot ng.
seismic ray [13469] : tia a chn.
ng truyn ca sng a chn.
seismic section [13470] : mt ct a chn
Mt ct biu din s liu a chn o c
dc theo tuyn o. Trc ng thng l thi
gian ca sng phn x (hoc su).
seismic sounding [13471] : o su a chn.
Phng php thm d a cht c kh nng
nghin cu v Tri t t mng Moho tr ln.
seismic spectrum [13472] : ph dao ng
a chn.
seismic stratigraphy [13473] : a tng
a chn.
Nghin cu a tng v tng trm tch bng
kt qu gii on ca s liu a chn.
seismic transients [13474] : dao ng
a chn.
seismic velocity [13475] : vn tc truyn sng
a chn.
Biu th mc lan truyn sng a chn
trong mi trng theo cc hng bt k, vn tc
truyn sng l mt hm ca mi trng.
C nhiu loi vn tc truyn sng a chn:
vn tc truyn sng tc thi (biu din tc ti
thi im bt k ca mt sng theo phng
truyn sng), vn tc biu kin (biu din vn
tc tc thi theo mt pha cho trc, thng l
nh hn vn tc tc thi), vn tc trung bnh,
vn tc bnh phng trung bnh, vn tc
khong, v.v.
seismic wave [13476] : sng a chn.
Dao ng n hi c ngun n gy ra v
lan truyn qua mi trng. Sng a chn c
nhiu loi, hai loi sng chnh l sng dc P v
sng ngang S, sng mt, v.v.
seismicity [13477] : iu kin, c im
a chn.
seismogram [13478] : bng a chn.
Bng ghi sng a chn ti mt im.
seismogram section [13479] : mt ct
a chn.
Mt ct biu din s phn lp v vn tc
tng ng trn mt ct o a chn.
seismograph [13480] : my thu sng a chn.
Mt thit b hoc h thng o ghi sng a
chn ti mt ngun im.
seismograph tape recorder [13481] : trm
ghi a chn bng bng t.
Trm ny c 2 loi: c nh (ghi sng ng
t) v trm di ng (ghi sng trong thm d
a chn).
seismographic map [13482] : bn
a chn.
seismologist [13483] : nh a chn.
Ngi c kin thc c bn v a chn hc,
bit o v phn tch s liu thnh tho.
seismology [13484] : a chn hc
seismo-magnetic data [13485] : s liu thm
d a chn c ghi trn bng t.
seismometer [13486] : my thu a chn.
My ghi sng a chn, bin i cc sng a
chn thnh dng in v t.
sekaninaite [13487] : skaninait.
Khong vt thuc nhm cordierit:
(Na, Ca)0,19(Fe+2, Mg, Mn)2(Al, Fe+3, Si)3Al2
Si4O18.0,67H2O.
select accumulation botany [13488] : thc vt
tch t chn lc.
L s tp trung mt s nguyn t trong mt
s thc vt nht nh v khng ph thuc vo
c im mi trng xung quanh, s c mt
hoc vng mt cc thnh to qung.
selective flotation [13489] : tuyn ni
556
 chn lc.
selective fusion [13490] : nng chy chn lc.
Nng chy ch mt phn hn hp . Phn
nng chy lng s cha mt lng ln hn cc
hp phn d nng chy so vi vt liu ban u.
selective radiation [13491] : bc x chn lc.
selenate [13492] : selenat.
Khong vt c c trng bi s ghp ni
cc nhm (SeO4)-2. V d nh olsacheirit:
Pb2(SeO4)(SO4).
selenide [13493] : selenid.
Khong vt c trng bi s kt hp ca
selen vi mt nguyn t hoc gc ho tr dng.
V d : l eucairit: CuAgSe.
selenite plate [13494] : tm selenit.
n: gypsum plate.
selenium [13495] : seleni (Se); selen.
1- (h) Nguyn t ha hc s 34, nguyn t
lng 78,963; t trng 4,5-4,97 g/cm3, thuc
nhm khng kim loi nng, chalcophil, c 6
ng v bn v 24 khng bn. Hm lng Se
trong cc (ppm): v lc a trn l 0,083; siu
mafic 0,07; gabro-basalt 0,12; granit-granodiorit
0,025; phin 0,3; trong t 0,3, trong nc
i dng 0,0002 mg/l. Cc khong vt tiu biu
l crookesit (Cu,Tl,Ag)2Se, clausthalit PbSe,
berzelimit Cu2Se, tiemannit HgSe v Se t sinh.
Phng php phn tch: ICP-MS, AAS. Sn
lng nm 1995 l 2310 tn. Gi th trng
6USD/kg. Dng Se trong cc lnh vc bn dn,
knh thy tinh, nng nghip, m km.
2- Khong vt h ba phng: Se l nguyn t
phi kim thuc nhm lu hunh.
selenjoseite [13496] : selenjoseit.
n: laitakarite.
selenolite [13497] : selenonit.
1- trm tch gm thch cao v anhydrit.
2-Khong vt mu trng: SeO2.
selenomorphology [13498] : a mo hc
Mt trng.
Mn hc nghin cu a hnh Mt trng,
ngun gc, s tin ha v s phn b ca n.
selen-tellurium [13499] : selen-teluri.
Khong vt mu xm pht en: (Se, Te). T
s Se/Te gn bng 3/2.
n: hondurasite.
self-grown stream [13500] : sui t sinh.
Sui pht trin c lp trn mt t khng b
v nhu, thng ngun phn nhnh ging nh
cc nhnh cy.
self potential [13501] : th phn cc t nhin.
in th t nhin quan st c gia hai in
cc khng phn chia.
self potential log [13502] : ng cong o th
phn cc t nhin
ng cong carota o th gia mt in cc
di chuyn dc theo l khoan v mt in cc
c t c nh trn mt t.
seligmannite [13503] : seligmannit
Khong vt h trc thoi mu xm ch:
PbCuAsS3.
sellaite [13504] : selait.
Khong vt h bn phng khng mu:
MgF2.
selvage [13505] : vt liu trn mt t gy, st
kin to.
Vt liu mm, xp, ht mn do t gy to ra
trn mt t gy.
selvedge [13506] : vt liu trn mt t gy,
st kin to.
n: selvage.
SEM [13507] : knh hin vi in t qut.
Vit tt t cc ch: scanning electron
microcope.
semenovite [13508] : semenovit.
Khong vt h bn phng:
(Ca, Ce, la)12(Be, Si)8Si12O40(O, OH, F)8H2O.
semi-confined aquifer [13509] : tng cha
nc bn p.
Tng cha nc, trong phn b xen k
gia nc c p v nc khng p do lp
ph cch nc khng duy tr trn ton din tch
phn b.
semicrystalline [13510] : na kt tinh.
semi-infinite solid [13511] : mi trng cng
bn v hn
semiopal [13512] : semi opal (na opal).
Thut ng dng khng cht ch, ch loi opal
thng thng, hidrophan hoc loi opal nhim
bn cha mt phn nc, phn bit vi loi
opal la hoc opal qu. n: hemiopal.
semipegmatitic [13513] : na pegmatit.
Thut ng dng ch mt kiu kin trc
pegmatit c tinh th ca mt khong vt ny
nm bn trong mt tinh th ln hn ca khong
vt khc, c gc tt thay i trong khi tinh
th b bao bc li cng c mt gc tt.
semi-pervious boundary [13514] : gii hn
na thm.
Ranh gii gia thnh h thm v thnh h
na thm.
semiprecious stone [13515] : na qu.
Bt k mt loi ngc khc c gi tr
thng mi thp hn qu; thng l khong
vt c cng nh hn 8 theo thang cng
Mohs. Mt vin ngc c th xem l na
qu nu so vi khc n t lp lnh, khng
c khch hng a chung v kiu dng ch
557
tc. Trong trng hp ny cn c s kim nh
trng ti. V d, mt vin qu ruby xu c th
gi tr thp hn mt vin jadeit p.
semseyite [13516] : semseyit.
Khong vt mu xm n en: Pb9Sb8S21.
senaite [13517] : senait.
Khong vt mu en: Pb(Ti,Fe,Mn)21O38, gp
dng ht hoc tinh th b bo trn trong ct cha
kim cng.
senarmontile [13518] : senarmontil.
Khong vt ng hng, khng mu n
trng, xm: Sb2O3. a hnh vi valentinit.
Senecan [13519] : Senec.
Thng Bc M, phn di Silur thng
(nm trn Eri, nm di Chautauqua).
senegalite [13520] : senegalit.
Khong vt ging vi bolivarit nhng cha t
nc hn:
Al2(PO4)(OH)3.H2O.
sengierite [13521] : sengierit.
Khong vt mu lc vng :
Cu(UO2)2(VO4)2.8-10H2O.
Senomanian [13522] : Senoman.
Bc do d'Orbigny (1852) xc lp theo tn
Senomanum Php, bc ca thi a tng quc
t, bc di cng ca Creta thng (trn Albi,
di Turon).
Senonian [13523] : Senon.
Bc c gi theo tn Latin-Senon ca thnh
ph Sans Php, Creta thng (nm trn Turon)
hin nay c xem nh mt lin bc ca Creta
thng, c s dng cho mt ct khng phn
bc. Tuy nhin s lng cc bc v vic phn
chia cc lin bc ang c kin khc nhau.
sensibility [13524] : nhy, chnh xc
ca thit b.
sensitive [13525] : nhy, d b thay i.
sensitive clay [13526] : t st nhy.
sensitivity [13527] : nhy.
1- S thay i nh nht m my o c th o
c, ng ngha vi chnh xc, ngha l my
c nhy cao th c chnh xc cao.
2- T s gia sc khng ct khng thot nc
ca t st nguyn dng v t st b ph hoi.
sensitivity adjustment [13528] : iu chnh
nhy.
sensitivity time control [13529] : iu khin
nhy theo thi gian.
separation [13530] : s tch, mc khc bit,
c ly.
Khong tch ra do t gy.
sepiolite [13531] : sepiolit.
Khong vt st mng chui:
Mg4(Si4O2)3(OH)2.6H2O. L vt cht mu
trng n xm sng hoc vng sng. c bit
nh, hp th v cht st, c tm thy ch yu
Asia Minor v c dng lm tu thuc, cc
chm tr trang tr. Sepiolit gp trong mch cng
vi calcit trong m aluvi, hnh thnh t cc khi
serpentin b phong ho.
n: meerschaum, sea-foam.
septal angle [13532] : gc vch ngn.
Gc gia cc tip tuyn ko t nh v Chn
u Nautiloidea cun phng ti hai vch
ngn k tip v o trn mt mt ct ct dc mt
i xng.
septal cycle [13533] : chu k sinh vch.
Tt c cc vch thuc mt thi k pht sinh
c th San h su tia n th, xc nh bi
th t xut hin ca cc nhm vch (su vch
nguyn thy to nn chu k th nht cng vi
cc vch ngoi v vch trong sinh ra mun hn
trong mt tun t xp sp khng i).
septal furrow [13534] : rnh vch ngn.
Mt ng lm hp gia lng v Chn u
Nautiloidea, dc theo khng c phn tng
ca vch ngn; mt rnh ngoi Trng thoi.
septal groove [13535] : rnh vch.
Mt rnh dc trn mt ngoi ca thnh vch
mt San h n th, tng ng vi v tr mt
vch mt trong ca thnh vch.
septalial plate [13536] : phin nn rnh
bn l.
Mt trong nhng phin mc tay lm thnh
nn cho rnh bn l Tay cun v hp nht vi
phn c trc ca vch gia.
septalium [13537] : rnh bn l.
Cu trc dng rnh mnh lng Tay cun
nm gia cc phin bn l, gm cc phin nn
rnh bao quanh vch gia v c vch ny lm
cho cao ln.
septal neck [13538] : c vch ngn.
Ch un hoc bnh ra v pha trc hay pha
sau, dng ng hay hnh phu, ca vch ngn
xung quanh l vch ngn mt v Chn u.
septal pinnacle [13539] : u vch
Mt trong nhng u trn ca vch nm
i gia San h m v chi bn trong nhng
thi k sm ca s tng trng San h
Paleozoi.
septal tooth [13540] : rng vch.
Mu nh nm dc ra trn ca vch San h
su tia, do s bnh ra ca mt thanh x vt qua
m cht vi to nn ch ni n vi nhng
mu khc.
septic tank [13541] : b t hoi.
B lng khp kn, trong cn bn lng
tip xc trc tip vi nc thi chy qua b v
558
cc cht rn hu c b phn hy do hot ng
ca vi khun k kh.
septifer [13542] : mc tay dng vch.
Cc mc tay ca Tay cun c hnh vch i
xung thng t pha lng ca cc phin bn l
n mt v ca mnh lng.
septotheca [13543] : thnh vch.
Thnh vch ca San h su tia hay San h
Rugosa n th to nn bi phn ngoi dy ln
ca vch dc theo trc phn k ca x.
septum [13544] : vch ngn, vch.
Mt trong nhng vch phn on ngang
bn trong, bng cht vi, chia v ca Chn u
thnh cc phng kh, v gn vo v bn trong
thnh v; phin cht vi xp sp ta tia dc
San h n th nm gia cc i mng tia; vch
chia phn bn trong ca Trng l thnh cc
phng; vch nh cao tng i di v hp ca
v ph Tay cun; mt ng sng gia mi
mnh v ca Tay cun; vch chia hai dy ca
Graptoloidea hai dy.
sequence [13545] : trnh t, lot tng.
(t) Mt lot s kin, qu trnh a cht sp
xp theo trt t thi gian th hin v tr v tui
ca chng trong lch s a cht; Phn v thch
a tng khng chnh thc, ln hn lot hoc
lin hot trong mt khu vc ln ca lc a v
phn nh bng cc bt chnh hp lin khu vc.
sequence of crystallization [13546] : trnh t
kt tinh.
n: order of crystallization.
sequence of strata [13547] : trt t a tng,
trnh t a tng.
Th t phn tng cc lp t khng ng
nht. n: stratigraphical sequence.
sequence stratigraphy [13548] : phn tng
theo nhp.
Phn chia a tng theo cc nhp trm tch.
Mi mt n v a tng u bao gm cc c
cng ngun gc c gii hn bi cc mt bo
mn thng c s dng phn tch ti liu
a chn.
sequent geosyncline [13549] : a mng
hp phn.
a mng ring l nm vng a a mng
thng ngn cch nhau bi a vng.
sequential landform [13550] : a hnh
thnh chui.
Chui cc a hnh nh hn pht trin do xi
mn, phong ha v khi tn tch ca cc dng
nguyn sinh. Chui bao gm "cc dng xi
mn" do s di chuyn tng tin ca cc vt liu,
v "cc dng tch t" do tch t cc sn phm
xi mn. n: sequential form.
serandite [13551] : serandit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu hng:
Na(Mn,Ca)2(Si3O8)(OH).
serendibite [13552] : serendibit.
Khong vt mu lam mc n lc lam pht
xm: Ca2(Mg,Al)6(Si,Al,B)620.
sergeevite [13553] : sergeevit.
Khong vt ba phng:
Ca2Mg11(CO3)9 (HCO3)4(OH)4.6H2O.
sericite [13554] : sericit.
Mica kali mu trng c nh la gp dng
tm, dng nh, l nhng sn phm bin i ca
cc khong vt alumosilicat, gp trong cc
bin cht khc nhau (c bit phin, phylit)
hoc cc lp y cc mch, tng, mng
nhiu m qung. Sericit l muscovit hoc rt
gn vi muscovit v thnh phn, c th cha
mt t ilit.
sericitization [13555] : sericit ha.
Qu trnh bin i nhit dch, phn hy v
thay th bi muscovit sericit.
series [13556] : lot; thng.
1-(th) Lot magma; Thut ng thng
dng m t mt tp hp l sn phm pht
sinh ni tip nhau ca qu trnh phun tro hay
xm nhp t mt ngun. Cn thm tip u
ng "phun tro", "xm nhp" hay "ni la".
ch ngun gc ca c th dng "nhm" thay
cho "lot"
2-(t) Mt hp phn ca h, l phn v ln
hn bc, gm nhiu bc, ng vi th ca a
thi. Tn ca thng c gi theo tn ca h
km theo nh ng h, trung, thng (di, gia,
trn) hoc h, thng (di, trn). Do tnh lch
s nn cc thng ca Kainozoi c tn ring;
Thng (lot) l phn v khu vc, lin khu vc,
lin lc a. Trc y nhiu phn v nh vy
chu u c tha nhn phn chia cc
lc a khc. ang c xu hng s dng cc
phn v c nhng tiu chun y hn thay
th cc phn v t thun li cho vic i snh
c xc lp trc y. Theo xu hng ny, mi
h thng c chia ra lm ba nhng c th thay
i t 2 n 6 thng.
series load [13557] : ti c ch.
series or curves [13558] : h ng cong
serpenticone [13559] : v dng rn cun.
V Chn u cun lng, c nhiu vng cun,
vi cc vng ch chm vo nhau, nh con rn
hay si thng cun li.
serpentine [13560] : serpentin.
1- Nhm khong vt to ph bin, c cng
thc: (Mg, Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4, nh t m n la,
hi c v x phng, dai, vt v v s, chc
nhng cng c khi dng ht, dng si, thng c
559
mu lc, vng pht lc, trng. Serpentin lun l
khong vt th sinh, do bin i ca cc khong
vt silicat giu magnesi (c bit l olivin), gp
c trong magma ln trong bin cht.
Serpentin ch yu kt tinh h n nghing
nhng cng c th gi hnh, loi bn trong dng
lm trang tr, trang hong thay th jad.
2- Khong vt thuc nhm serpentin nh
chrysotil, antigorit, lizardit, parachrysotil v
orthochrysolit.
3- Thut ng dng thay th chrysotil nh l
tn ch loi khong vt, cn chrysotil antigorit
tr thnh mt loi ring khng bao gm trong
thut ng serpentin" (Hey, 1962, p. 595). T
gc latinh serpentinus-ging rn", do c nhng
vn i sc mu lc.
serpentine asbestos [13561]: asbest serpentin.
n: chrysolite.
serpentine jade [13562] : jad serpentin.
Khong vt serpentin trng ging jad v c
s dng lam trang hong, c bit l bowenit.
serpentine-talc [13563] : talc serpentin.
Vt liu c cng thc l Mg6Si6O15(OH)6,
thnh phn v tnh cht vt l ca n nm gia
serpentin v talc.
serpentinization [13564] : serpentin ho.
L qu trnh bin i nhit dch, trong cc
khong vt silicat giu magnesi (nh olivin,
pyroxen v amphibol trong dunit, peridotit v
cc siu baz khc) b ph bc hoc thay th
bi cc khong vt serpentin.
serpent stone [13565] : rn ( qu).
Loi phn c gi l ngc c tnh hp th
mnh, dng lm cht ht c, c bit l
adderstone.
serpierite [13566] : serpierit.
Khong vt mu lc pht lam:
Ca(Cu,Zn)4 (SO4)2(OH)6.3H2 O.
serpophite [13567] : serpophit.
Khong vt serpentin bin keo.
serrate [13568] : v cc dng a hnh c hnh
rng ca trn sng ni, hoc c trc din hnh
sng ni
Dt: nh ni c trc din rng ca.
n: saw toothed; serrated.
Serravallian [13569] : Seravali.
Bc chu u. Miocen trung (nm trn
Langhi, nm di Torton).
service part [13570] : linh kin d tr.
service test [13571] : th nghim ti thc t.
sessile cruralium [13572] : b mc tay bm
trc tip.
B mc tay bm thng vo mt v mnh lng
Tay cun, khng cn trung gian nng ca
vch gia.
sessile spondylium [13573] : phin tha bm
trc tip
Phin tha bm thng vo mt v mnh bng
ca Tay cun, khng cn trung gian nng ca
vch gia.
set [13574] : tp, tp.
(t) Thut ng c dng ch mt tp hp
cc va hoc va xin cho chnh hp vi nhau
c tch khi cc phn v trm tch khc bng
mt xm thc, ngng ngh trm tch hoc thay
i t ngt c im trm tch, thut ng t s
dng rng ri.
set of joints [13575] : nhm khe nt.
Tp hp cc khe nt t nhiu c cng mt s
tnh cht.
setting [13576] : chn v tr t my.
settlement [13577] : ln, ln.
ln ca nn di tc dng ca ti trng.
settlement analysis [13578] : tnh ton ln
ca nn.
settlement-load curve [13579] : biu ti
trng- ln
Kt qu th nghim nn t hoc nn cc.
settlement measurement [13580] : o ln.
settlement observation [13581] : quan trc
ln, theo di ln.
settlement plate [13582] : bn o ln, bn
o ln.
settlement-time curve [13583] : biu
ln-thi gian.
Kt qu nn t hoc nn cc.
settling basin [13584] : b lng.
Trong tuyn khong dng thu gom nhng
phn vt cht c t trng ln.
settlingite [13585] : setlingit
Hydrocarbon (H:C khong 1,53) rn, rn,
mu vng nht n m tm thy trong cc
git nh nha trn vch m ch Setlling
Stones, Norhumberland, Anh.
n: setlling stones resin.
sewage [13586] : nc thi.
Nc tri qua qu trnh s dng, c x
ra t cc c s cng nghip-dch v, khu dn c,
bnh vin, v.v. Nc thi thng c nhng tch
cht vt l, thnh phn ha hc v vi sinh khng
thun li hoc c hi nh nhit , pH, cng,
c cao, cha nhng kim loi nng, nguyn
t vi lng v cht hu c c hi, vi khun gy
bnh,v.v. nn khng th tip tc s dng vo cc
mc ch kinh t-dn sinh (cp nc sinh hot
v sn xut cng nghip, ch bin thc phm,
nui trng thy sn, ti cy, v.v.).
n: waste water.
560
 sewage effluent disposal [13587] : x
nc thi.
X nc thi vo cc b cha, b thm lc,
sng h t nhin, v.v.
sexine [13588] : lp ngoi v.
Phn ngoi ca mng ngoi ht phn hay bo
t t nhiu tng ng vi mng ngoi cng.
seybertite [13589] : seybertit.
n: clintonite.
seyrigite [13590] : seyrigit.
Sheelit cha molybden.
S-fold [13591] : np un ch S.
Np un c dng ch S. Np un khng i
xng nghing, ngc chiu kim ng h.
shabynite [13592] : shabynit.
Khong vt:
Mg5(BO3)(Cl,OH)2(OH)5.4H2O.
shadlunite [13593] : shadlunit.
Khong vt nhm pentlandit:
(Fe,Cu)8(Pb,Cd)S8.
shadow zone [13594] : i bng rm.
Vng khng ghi c cc tn hiu phn x
a chn. n: wind shadow.
shafranovskite [13595] : shafranovskit.
Khong vt: (Na,K)6(Mn,Fe)3Si9O24.6H2O.
shaft adhesion [13596] : ma st bn.
Ma st bn ca cc, bm dnh ca cc
vi nn.
shaft boring [13597] : o ging.
shaft bottom [13598] : y ging (ging trong
khai thc hm l).
shaft friction [13599] : ma st bn.
n: skin friction.
shagreen [13600] : mt sn.
n: relief.
shahovite [13601] : shahovit.
Khong vt: Hg8Sb2O13.
shake table [13602] : bn rung.
Thit b to ra cc rung ng vi tn s v
bin cho trc nhm xc nh c trng cho
my thu sng a chn gn trn .
shaking test (hand test for dilatancy)
[13603] : th nghim rung.
Th nghim o gin n, tng th tch ca
mu t.
shale [13604] : phin st,
shale (clay) mylonite seam [13605] : va
mylonit st,
Gm lp st nho b c nt, nhiu nc v
sc khng ct tn d thp (10-20o). Va st
mylonit thng mng, ch vi mm ti 1-2cm.
Mu sc cng gn ging vi gc b t nn
rt kh phn bit nu khng li khoan kh i
mt phn. Va st mylonit thng gi nc lu
hn l phin st nguyn trng v c mu ti
hn. Tuy nhin, va mylonit st thng mm
hn v c th phn bit vi phin st gc
bng cch di mt con dao nhp dc theo chiu
di li khoan.
shallow beam [13606] : dm thnh mng,
dm nng.
shallow foundation [13607] : mng nng.
shallow-water [13608] : nc nng.
shallow-well [13609] : ging nc nng.
Ging o ly nc t cc tng cha nc
nng nht thng l tng cha nc khng p.
shandite [13610] : shandit.
Khong vt mt thoi mt thoi: Ni3Pb2S2
shand's clasification [13611] : phn loi
shand.
Phn loi magma da trn kt tinh,
bo ha silic, bo ha nhm v ch s mu.
H phn loi ny do Shand pht trin vo nm
1927 (S.J. Shand, 1947).
shank [13612] : cnh np un.
Phn tip gip vi vm ca mt np un.
shape factor [13613] : h s hnh dng.
d tnh sc chu ti ca mng.
sharp fold [13614] : np un vm nhn.
Np un c vm nhn, cnh dc, gc np
un nh hn 90o.
sharpite [13615] : sharpit.
Khong vt mu vng pht lc:
(UO)2(CO3).H2O (?).
shatter belt [13616] : i v vn, khu
vc nghin.
shattuckite [13617] : shatuckit
Khong vt: Cu5(SiO3)4(OH)2.
shcherbakovite [13618] : shcherbakovit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
(K,Na,Ba)3 (Ti,Nb)2(Si7O2).
shcherbinaite [13619] : shcherbinait.
Khong vt h trc thoi: V2O5.
sheaf structure [13620] : cu to dng b.
Tp hp hnh b cc tinh th, c trng cho
mt s khong vt dng si, v d stibnit.
shear [13621] : ct trt, th nghim ct.
1- Hin tng bin dng dc theo cc mt c
ng sut tip cc i, thng song song vi nhau
chia ct vt th thnh cc khi chuyn ng
ngc chiu nhau.
2- Th nghim ct, xc nh sc khng ct
ca t .
shear box [13622] : hp ct t, thit b ct
mu t trc tip.
Thit b th nghim ct trong phng th
nghim xc nh sc bn ca t bng cch
dng lc ct trc tip ln mu t cha trong
561
hp tch i c.
shear cleavage [13623] : th ch ct, th
ch trt.
Thut ng ch chung cho cc loi th ch
c cc mt dch chuyn song song ngc
chiu nhau.
shear cleavage fold [13624] : np un th
ch ct.
Np un c xc nh da vo s un np
ca th ch ct.
shear diagram [13625] : biu lc ct.
shear failure [13626] : ph hy ct.
Ph hng do ng sut ct.
shear fold [13627] : np un ct, np un trt
Np un trong cc lp b ct trt dc
theo cc mt ct trt song song vi trc np
un. n: slip fold, glide fold.
shear fracture [13628] : ph hy ct, khe
nt ct.
Khe nt hoc t gy c tnh ct trt, dch
chuyn vi mt v.
shear joint [13629] : khe nt ct, khe nt trt
Khe nt xut hin trong vt th a cht khi
b bin dng p nn, l nhng mt nhn, phng,
t nhiu b dch chuyn, thng xut hin tng
cp to vi phng ca lc tc dng mt gc
no ph thuc vo tnh c l ca vt th b
bin dng, thi gian v cng ca lc tc
dng. Cc khe nt ct song song vi mt c ng
sut tip cc i v phn chia vt th bin dng
thnh hai phn dch chuyn ngc chiu nhau.
n: slip joint.
shear modulus [13630] : modul ct, modul
bin dng ct.
Modul bin dng do lc tip tuyn. n:
rigidity modulus; modulus of shear deformation.
shear plane [13631] : mt ct.
n: shear surface.
shear slide [13632] : trt l.
S trt l thng xy ra dc theo mt lp
hoc mt nt ca khi .
shear stiffness [13633] : cng ct.
c o nh l dc ca ng cong ng
sut-dch trt trong th nghim ct trc tip.
Cng nh cng php tuyn, cng ct cng
hay c s dng trong m hnh ha hnh vi ct
ca cc gin on, cng thay i mt cch phi
tuyn v rt kh xc nh. N thng ph thuc
vo mc nguyn dng ca gin on, phng
php th nghim, kch thc mu v ng sut
php tuyn. Hu ht cc phng php s u gi
thit l cng ct thay i tuyn tnh tng
on, khng i trc khi ph hy xy ra.
shear strain [13634] : bin dng trt, bin
dng ct.
n: shear.
shear strength [13635] : sc bn.
shear strength determination by back
analysis of slope failure [13636] : xc nh
sc bn ct bng phn tch ngc s c ph
hy mi dc.
(cctr) Do nhng kh khn trong vic xc
nh sc bn ct ca cc b mt gim yu hoc
ca khi, ng thi cng do kh khn trong
vic p dng cc gi tr sc bn xc nh c
trong thit k mi dc, phn tch ngc sau s
c ph hy mi dc l mt phng php rt hin
thc nhm xc nh sc bn ct ca khi
c huy ng ton b ti thi im xy ra ph
hy. Phng php ny rt hay c p dng t
nhiu chc nm nay trong mi dc t v gp
phn ng k tng tin cy trong thit k mi
dc t. Phng php ny cng c th p dng
tt trong mi dc nu tin hnh cn thn.
shear stress [13637] : ng sut trt, ng sut
ct, ng sut tip.
Thnh phn ng sut tc ng tip tuyn vi
mt phng qua mt im no trn vt th.
shear surface [13638] : mt trt.
Dc theo mt trt c cc chuyn ng khc
nhau xy ra song song. n: shear plain.
shear test [13639] : th nghim ct.
shear thrust fault [13640] : t gy
nghch chm.
t gy nghch c km theo un np gn
t gy.
shear zone [13641] : i ct, i trt, i ph
hy do lc ct.
1- i c cc sp xp ln lt b nghin
vn v b dm kt ha bi nhiu khe nt song
song do ng xut trt. l i thng c
khong ha do s ha tan to qung.
2- i dp v. i cha t b dp v, ph
hy, l ni gii phng ng sut ca khi . Cc
b mt dp v ca i thng c du hiu trt
hoc c ph bi mt s vt liu c sc bn ma
st thp, sinh ra trong qu trnh gii phng ng
sut hoc phong ha.
shearing [13642] : thuc v ct, ng sut ct.
shearing resistance [13643] : sc khng ct.
n: shear strength.
sheet [13644] : tm mng, bn mng,
lp mng.
1- Thut ng chung ch xm nhp dng
tm, daik.
2- Hoa K, dng ch khi qung c
thnh to bi cc tm mng galen, th d m
ch Upper Mississipi.
562
 3- Trong cc hang ng, ch cc lp mng
carbonat calci ph ln calcit.
4- Ch cc lp ph trm tch
5- Ch nc l trn mt.
sheet current [13645] : dng in trn mt.
sheet erosion [13646] : xi mn u b mt.
S di chuyn cc lp vt liu mng trn mt
ca mt din rng, thoi bi cc lp nc chy
lin tc, rng ri ch khng phi bi cc dng
chy trong cc lng phn bit r, v d : khi xi
mn xy ra ra tri i lp t nng trn cng.
n: sheetflood erosion; sheetwash;
unconcentrated wash; rainwash; slopewash;
surface wash.
sheeted rock [13647] : b , k .
sheeted-zone deposit [13648] : m dng i,
dng va.
Khong sng cha cc mch hoc mch nh
lp y i dp v t gy hoc i dp v.
sheetflood [13649] : lp nc l trn mt.
Nc l trn trn din rng, c dng
chy tng.
sheetflood erosion [13650] : xi mn u
do l.
Mt dng xi mn u c to ra do l
trn u.
sheet flow [13651] : nc chy trn u.
Nc chy trn mt t (overland flow) hoc
b mt nc chy xui sn to ra mng nc
mng trn mt t hoc mm, khng to
thnh dng rng hn rnh.
sheeting [13652] : k .
sheet joints [13653] : khe nt dng phin, l.
Khe nt dng phin, l chy gn nh song
song vi mt t, un ln theo a hnh v lin
quan vi gii phng ng sut. Chng hn, chng
xut hin dy c nhng din pht trin
granit di dng v hnh gn mt t, cng
xung su cng tha v cht kht. Trt t i
khi cng xy ra do pht trin p lc nc l
rng dc theo nhng khe nt dng phin l nm
song song vi sn thung lng dc ng.
sheet mica [13654] : mica tm.
Mica phng, khng c nhng khuyt tt v
cu trc rp v dn nh hnh, dng cho
cng nghip in v in t.
sheet mineral [13655] : khong vt lp.
n: phyllosilicate.
sheet pile [13656] : cc c.
Cc chn t, bo v h o.
sheet-pile wall, bulkhead [13657] : tng c
bo v h o, tng c bo v.
sheet silicate [13658] : silicat lp.
n: phyllosilicate.
sheet spar [13659] : spar tm.
Cc khe nt c lp y spar.
sheetwash [13660] : ra tri u.
L trn u xy ra vng kh hu m t.
Vt liu tch t bi nc chy trn.
n: sheet flow; sheet erosion.
Shelby tube [13661] : ng ly mu Shelby c
thnh mng.
n: sample tube.
shelf [13662] : gc; va ; thm lc a;
thm st ng khu.
1- gc hoc cng khc nm di t
hoc di tng trm tch aluvi;
2- Lp bng phng trn mt ca a tng;
3- Va bng phng nh ln cao nh l mt
sn;
4- Thm lc a. n: continental shelf.
5- (cs) Mt di gn nm ngang trn b mt
vng cun st ng khu ca v Chn bng,
vin pha i ra ra vng cun bi mt ng
gy gp ca v hay mt ng sng.
shelf break [13663] : ch gy sn lc a.
Ch gy to ra ranh gii gia thm lc a v
sn lc a.
shelf channel [13664] : mng nng thm
lc a.
Thung lng vung b t on mt mc
no dc theo thm lc a, v d s ko di
ca lng sng ngang qua thm lc a.
shelf delta [13665] : tam gic chu thm
lc a.
a hnh dng tam gic chu ni cao hn so
vi xung quanh trn thm lc a trong cc
thung lng ngang, gi v ngun gc tam gic
chu ca n trong thi k yn tnh ca mt mc
bin thp hn.
shelf edge [13666] : ra thm lc a.
Ranh gii gia thm lc a v sn lc a.
shelf edge reef [13667] : rn ra nn bng.
Rn pht trin dc theo ch gy ca sn
gia nn bng nng v bn trng su hn
k lin.
shelf lagoon [13668] : nn bng phng,
rng, nng, ngp nc hoc nn mi mn.
shelf sea [13669] : bin ra.
Bin nm trn thm lc a, him khi su qu
276m, v d: bin Bc.
shelfstone [13670] : trm tch hang ng lm
thnh mt g cao nm ngang ra vng hang.
n: crusted strand; folia; lily pad; rimstone
shelf.
shelf valley complex [13671] : phc h
thung lng.
Nhm cc yu t a hnh th hin dc
563
theo tuyn thoi ca ca sng ming phu
(estuary) trong ch dc thoi ti sinh, bao gm
cc delta, thung lng nn bng v cc sng ct
ngang nn bng.
shell [13672] : v.
Lp ph cng ca mt ng vt thng l
bng cht vi, song mt s trng hp ch yu
mt phn bng cht chitin, silic, sng hay cht
xng, v d v mt Chn u.
sheridanite [13673] : sheridanit.
Khong vt ging talc thuc nhm clorit:
(Mg,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8, mu lc nht n gn
nh khng mu. l mt th clinoclo.
sherwoodite [13674] : sherwoodit.
Khong vt h bn phng mu tm than:
Ca5AlV+43V+511O40.28H2O.
Shidertinian [13675] : Shidertin.
Bc chu u. Cambri thng (nm trn
Tuorci, nm di Tremadoc).
shield [13676] : khin.
Vng c Tin Cambri l ra trn cc nn,
thng l cc vm thoi, rng bao bc bi trm
tch min nn. Thut ng do E. Suess nu ra
nm 1885.
shield basalt [13677] : basalt hnh khin.
Dng dung nham basalt phun ra t nhiu
ming ni la nh hnh khin nm k nhau v
lin kt vi nhau to nn mt n v nguyn nh
tm khin. Kiu dng nm basalt ny nh hn
cc cao nguyn basalt.
shield volcano [13678] : ni la hnh khin.
Ni la c hnh dng mt ci vm dt, rng
v thp, gm nhiu dng dung nham basalt lng
hay cc dng tro riolit.
shift [13679] : dch chuyn, c ly dch chuyn.
Khong cch dch chuyn do bin dng.
shift fault [13680] : t gy ngang.
t gy trong cc cnh dch chuyn theo
phng nm ngang tng i vi nhau.
shifting [13681] : chuyn dng.
S dch chuyn dng t pha dng sui c
hot ng xi mn mnh v pha dng sui hot
ng yu hn.
shift zone [13682] : i dch chuyn, i
bin i.
Phm vi xy ra qu trnh dch chuyn hoc
bin i.
shingkage limit [13683] : gii hn co ngt.
Lng nc gii hn trong t st, thp hn
mc ny th t khng gim th tch na khi
hm lng nc trong chng gim i. Gii hn
co ngt l gii hn gia hai trng thi do v
cng v thng i km vi s bin i mu sc.
shingle bar [13684] : di cui.
n: gravel bar.
shingle beach [13685] : bi bin cui th pht
ting ku.
Bi bin hp thng l bi u tin hnh
thnh trn ng b c gc tn d v vch
ng, pht ting ku khi dm ln, thng l c
mt sn dc trn c hai sn pha t lin v
pha bin.
shingle block structure [13686] : cu to vy.
Cc lp nghing u v mt pha trng
nh ngi lp. n: imbricate structure.
shiver spar [13687] : spat tm.
Calcit c cu to phin mng; c bit l
argentin. n: slate spar.
shoal retreat massif [13688] : di ct ngang
nn y bng, rng, nh du tuyn li ca i
hi t dng chy ven b.
shock loading [13689] : bi p va p.
Qu trnh bi p vt liu tung te do sng
va p p sut cao t nhng v n nhn to hay
va p thin thch.
shock melting [13690] : nng chy do va p.
Nng chy vt liu do nhit nng cao pht
sinh t sng va p p sut cao.
shock metamorphism [13691] : bin cht
va p.
Tng th mi qu trnh bin i t ngt
vt l, ha hc, khong vt v a mo xy ra
trong cc v khong vt do sng va p p
sut cao truyn qua trong mt khong thi gian
rt ngn t vi micro giy n khng y mt
pht (French, 1966). Ch bit c c nht mt
c ch thin nhin gy nn bin cht va p l
s va p vn tc siu cao ca cc thin thch
ln, nhng thut ng ny ch c th dng ch
qu trnh tng t xy ra trong phng th
nghim qui m nh do thc nghim v do cc v
n ht nhn.
Cn gi: impact metamorphism.
shock wave [13692] : sng va p; blast.
1- Sng p nn pht sinh t ngt trong mt
mi trng vi vn tc truyn nhanh hn ting
ng, bin vt qu gii hn n hi ca mi
trng n truyn qua. Ghi nhn trong khu vc
nh b, mt b dy rt mng, s thay i
t ngt p sut, nhit , t trng v vn tc
mi trng, v d sng lan truyn trong khng
kh do mt v n. Trong , n lan truyn vi
vn tc siu m v c kh nng gy bc hi,
nng chy, bin dng khong vt, bin dng c
hc vt liu .
2- (vl) gy n.
shonkinite [13693] : shonkinit
1- Theo phn loi IUGS, l mt loi su
564
c F nm gia 10 v 60, P/(A+B) 10 v M
nm gia 60 v 90.
2- Syenit sm mu ch yu gm c ogit v
feldspar kali, c th gp olivin, hornblend, biotit
v nephelin. Do Weed v Pirsson m t nm
1895, ly tn t Shonkin l dy ni Montana.
shoot [13694] : kho st a chn, n mn
pht sng a chn.
shooter [13695] : ngi n mn cho thm d
a chn.
shore [13696] : b bin, h; thanh chng.
1- Di t hp trc tip vin mt th nc
(bin, h rng), l i c lc a xen k c l
ra v c ph bi thy triu, sng hoc l i
gia mc nc thp. B l phn tip gip bin
ca vng ven b. Gii hn cao hn ca n l
ranh gii pha t lin ni sng tc ng c hiu
qu chn vch mi mn, gii hn ca bin
pha b l vng t thp. B c chia thnh hai
phn: trc b v sau b (foreshore and
backshore). Thut ng thng dng theo ngha
l ng trc b. Thut ng hng hi cho b l
ni t phn bit vi bin.
2-(cctr) thanh chng bo v h o, thanh
chng t.
shore cliff [13697] : vch ven b.
Cu to vch dng ng ven b bn trng.
shore drift [13698] :
Vt liu (nh cui, si, ct, v s, mnh v)
vn chuyn dc theo b bin di tc ng ca
dng chy ven b (littoral current).
n: longshore drift, littoral drift.
shore dune [13699] : n b.
n ct c to ra do gi bng ct ca bi
bin dc b.
shoreface [13700] : mt b.
1- i hp nghing v pha bin hoc i
nc thp, thng xuyn b ngp nc. Trn
mt b ct v cui chao o mnh do s thay
i iu kin sng. i nm gia gii hn pha
bin ca b v i ngoi b (offshore) l mt
hu nh nm ngang. Khng lm vi mt bi
(beach face).
2- Phn trng lm, dc nhng ngn pha
trong thm lc a.
shoreface terrace [13701] : thm mt b.
Thm do sng mi mn vng mt b gm
cui v ct th c no vt t dim do sng
mi mn p vo trong nc su hn.
shoreland [13702] : t b.
Vng t dc b hoc vin ly th nc.
shoreline [13703] : ng b.
1- S giao nhau ca mt nc nh r vi b
hoc bi bin. N di dch vi s thay i ca
thy triu hoc mc nc. Thut ng thng
c dng theo ngha: "ng b nc cao"
hoc s giao nhau ca mc nc cao trung bnh
vi b hoc bi bin, hoc gii hn pha t lin
ca b l theo chu k. n: waterline; shore;
strandline.
2- Hnh th chung hoc ng ngoi ca
ng b. Cc thut ng nh shoreline v
coastline thng c dng theo ngha c xu
hng coi ng b bin (coastline) nh l ranh
gii c nh v tr trong thi gian rt di,
ng b (shoreline) nh l ranh gii dch
chuyn thng xuyn ca bi bin.
shoreline cycle [13704] : chu k ng b.
Chui cc thay i m xuyn qua n cc
dng ng b tri qua bnh thng trong thi
gian pht trin mt ng b, t thi gian m
mc nc u tin c xc nhn v b mi
nm da vo ti thi gian m hot ng ca
nc khng cn c kt qu na (c xi mn c
tch t).
shoreline of depression [13705] : ng b
ln chm.
ng b chm ngp biu th st ln tuyt
i ca t lin.
shoreline of elevation [13706] : ng
b nng.
ng b nng, biu th s nng cao tuyt
i ca t lin. Khng c lm vi ng b
c nng ln (elevate shoreline).
shoreline of emergence [13707] : ng b
do nng lc a.
ng b l kt qu ca s nng lc a.
ng b thng hoc hi cong khng c vnh
hoc mi nh. ng ngoi ca n c n
gin hn so vi ng b chm ngp v c
bao bc bi nc nng.
shoreline of submergence [13708] : ng b
chm ngp.
ng b hnh thnh do s ln chm lc a
thng tr. B mt nc nm da vo b mt b
ln chm, c nhn bit bi cc dng v cc
cu trc c thnh to st mt t. ng b
c c trng (trong giai on tr ca n) bi
cc vnh, cc mi nh, cc o ngoi khi, cc
doi ct, cc ct, cc vch ng mi mn v
nhng dng th yu khc. ng ngoi ca n
khng u hn so vi ng b nng cao lc a
v c vin bi nc c cc su khc nhau
(c coi l cc su a phng).
shore platform [13709] : nn bng b do
mi mn.
B mt nm ngang hoc hi nghing c
thnh to dc b bi xi mn do sng, c bit
l dim mi mn do sng. i khi thut ng
565
c dng thun ty m t cho nn mi mn
do sng (wave cut platform).
shore reef [13710] : m tiu ven b.
m tiu song song vi ng b, gn vi b
hoc cch b mt vng nng hp.
shore terrace [13711] : thm b.
Thm do sng v dng chy to ra dc b h
hoc bin, ngha l wave built terrace.
n: marine terrace.
shoreward [13712] : v pha b.
shorl [13713] : shorl.
n: schorl.
short period seismograph [13714] : my ghi
dao ng chu k ngn.
My ghi cc dao ng a chn c chu k
ngn, c vi phn mi giy ti vi giy.
shortite [13715] : shortit.
Khong vt: Na2Ca2(CO3)3.
shoshonite [13716] : shoshonit, sosonit.
Tn gi ca trachyandezit gm c cc ban
tinh olivin v ogit trn nn vi tinh c labradorit
cng vi feldspar kim, olivin, ogit v mt
lng nh leucit, thy tinh sm mu. Sosonit
chuyn thnh absarokit khi lng olivin nng
cao v thnh banakit khi c nhiu sanidin. Tn
gi do Iddings dng nm 1895, xut x t sng
Shoshone.
shot boring [13717] : khoan bng b.
shot break [13718] : thi im n.
Thi im pht sng a chn.
shot copper [13719] : ng n, ng bi.
Cc ht ng t sinh nh, trn trnh, c hnh
bong bng, nm trong bazat, ging vin n v
hnh dng v kch thc.
shotcrete [13720] : b tng phun.
Va b tng c phun di p lc qua
ming phun ca mt sng chuyn phun va.
shot depth [13721] : su n mn.
su t mt t ti v tr t mn trong
l khoan.
shothole time [13722] : thi gian sng truyn
dc theo l khoan.
shot point [13723] : im n; ngun n.
V tr ti nng lng a chn (ngun n)
c pht ra v sinh ra sng a chn.
shot point seismometer [13724] : my thu a
chn t ti im n ghi thi gian n.
shot popper [13725] :
Phng php thm d a chn trong s
dng ngun kch thch sng l mt lot v n
thi im khc nhau v nm dc theo tuyn o.
shot rock [13726] : ph bng n mn.
shoulder [13727] : vnh vai, vai.
Vnh chi trc ca ng vt Ming hm
cng vi h c ca n; ch gy gc nh ra ngoi
vng cun ca v Chn bng, song song vi
s cun vng v to thnh ra i trc ca din
gn ng khu; gc bng v gc bn khng
nhn ca mt vng.
shovel [13728] : gu xc.
shringkage deformation [13729] : bin dng
co ngt.
shrinkage [13730] : co ngt (t, ).
shrinkage index [13731] : ch s co ngt.
shrinkage limit [13732] : gii hn co ngt.
Hm lng nc cao nht, ti hm lng
nc ny vic gim nc khng lm thay i th
tch khi t.
shuiskite [13733] : shuiskit.
Khong vt: Ca2 (Mg, Al, Fe)(Cr, Al)2
[(Si,Al)O4] (Si2O7)(OH)2.H2O, cha crom tng
t pumpeleit.
shungite [13734] : shungit.
Cht v nh hnh, rn, mu en, cha hn
98% cacbon, nm xen trong phin Tin
Cambri, c l tng ng vi bitum b bin
cht, nhng cng c th n thun l graphit b
nhim bn. n: schungite.
shuttering [13735] : cp pha.
SI [13736] : ch s ho cng.
sial [13737] : sial.
Tn thch hc ca lp trn cng ca v Tri
t, gm cc giu silic v alumin, c th l
ngun ca magma granit. c trng cho phn
trn v lc a. Cu to ca t sial = si + al
(silica + alumina).
Ss: sialma. n: sal, granitic layer.
sialic [13738] :
n: sial.
sialite [13739] : sialit.
Khong vt st. n: clay mineral.
siallite [13740] : sialit.
1- Tn nhm khong vt st kaolin v
alophan.
2- cu to t cc khong vt siallit.
sialma [13741] : sialma.
Lp v Tri t c thnh phn v su
trung gian gia sial v sima. Cu to ca t
sialma = si + al + ma (silica + alumina +
magnesia).
sialsima [13742] : sialsima.
siberite [13743] : siberit.
Tourmalin cha lithi mu tm hoc tinh
khit; rubelit ca vng Siberia.
sibirskite [13744] : sibirskit.
Khong vt: CaHBO3.
Sicilian [13745] : Sicil.
Bc chu u, Pleistocen thng (nm trn
566
Emil, nm di Milazi).
sicklerite [13746] : sicklerit.
Khong vt mu nu ti: Li(Mn+2, Fe+3)PO4.
ng hnh vi ferisickerit.
side canyon [13747] : hm bn sn.
Hm hoc thung lng khc nh hn hm vc
(canyon) c dng nhnh chy qua n vo
dng chnh.
side pinacoid [13748] : hnh i mt bn.
Hnh i mt {010} trong tinh th h trc
thoi, n nghing, ba nghing. Ss: front
pinacoid; basalt pinacoid. n: brachypinacoid.
side recovery [13749] : khai thc tn thu, khai
thc kt hp, khai thc ph.
Khai thc thu (ly) khong sn t cc
cng trnh tm kim thm d v thm d khai
thc (cc l, ging chng hn). Khai thc tn thu
do cc n v a cht hoc cc t chc khc (x Na3Mn(PO4)(CO3).
nghip) ang tin hnh cng tc thm d, thc
hin khai thc tn thu thnh phn chnh cng
nh cc sn phm i km.
siderazot [13750] : siderazot.
Khong vt: Fe5N2. Cng vit l: siderazote.
siderite [13751] : siderit.
1- Khong vt h mt thoi thuc nhm calcit:
FeCO3, ng hnh vi magnesit, rodocrosit v
thng cha magnesi, mangan. Siderit hay c
mu nu vng, nu hoc en nu, nhng i
khi cng c mu trng hoc xm, thng gp
dng nhim bn trong cc lp v cc kt hch
(ca st st) trong st v phin st, l trm
tch kt ta trc tip, c mt phn b bin i
thnh oxid st. Siderit l qung c gi tr ca
st. n: chalybite; spathic iron; spatry iron;
rhombohedral iron ore; iron spar; siderose;
white iron ore.
2- T c ca thch anh saphir.
3- T ng ngha c c dng ch cc
khong vt khc nhau nh hornblend,
pharmacosiderit v lazurit.
siderodot [13752] : siderodot.
Siderit cha calci.
sideroferrite [13753] : sideroferit.
St t sinh gp dng ht trong g ho .
siderogel [13754] : siderogel
Khong vt cha FeO(OH), hon ton v
nh, hnh gp trong qung st bi ly.
sideromelane [13755] : sideromelan.
n: tachylyte.
sideronatrite [13756] : sideronatrit.
Khong vt mu vng da cam n vng rm:
Na2Fe+3(SO4)2(OH).3H2O.
siderophile [13757] : siderophil.
Nguyn t tp trung trong pha kim loi nhiu
hn trong pha sulphur v silicat ca thin thch.
Cc nguyn t thng l V, Cr, Co, Ni, v.v.
siderophyllite [13758] : siderophylit.
Mica tm mt ba c cng thc l tng l:
K(Fe+22 Al1)(Si2Al2)O10(OH)2
siderosphere [13759] : siderospher.
Nhn bn trong ca Tri t.
siderotil [13760] : siderotil.
Khong vt: (Fe,Cu)SO4. 5H2O.
side stream [13761] : dng bn sn.
Dng nhnh nhn nc t dng cung cp
nc tch bit vi vng cp nc ca dng
chnh v vo dng chnh.
sidewall sampler [13762] : ly mu thnh
h o.
sidorenkite [13763] : sidorenkit.
Khong vt, tng t bradleyit cha mangan:
Siegenian [13764] : Siegen.
Bc chu u, gi theo tn thnh ph Siegen
ca Php, Devon h (nm trn Gedin, nm
di Emsi).
siegenite [13765] : siegenit.
Khong vt nhm linaeit: (Co,Ni)3S4.
sieve [13766] : ci ry, sng t, sng ,
sng t.
sieve analysis [13767] : phn tch thnh phn
ht t bng ry.
sieve opening [13768] : kch thc mt sng.
sieve texture [13769] : kin trc khm
bin tinh.
sieving machine [13770] : thit b sng.
sifema [13771] : sifema.
Theo Van Bemmelen (1949) cc lp siu
mafic nm bn di lp v sima, tng ng
vi v sima hoc siu sima ca cc tc gi khc.
siferna [13772] : siferna.
Thut ng ny c dng nh sima, trong
cch phn chia ny siu sima cng c xem
nh l sima.
sigloite [13773] : sigloit
Khong vt h ba nghing:
(Fe+3,Fe+2)Al2(PO4)2(O,OH).8H2O.
sigmoidal dune [13774] : n hnh ch S.
n ct hnh ch S, sn dc, nh sc nhn,
c hnh thnh bi gi lun phin i din
nhau v c tc gn nh nhau.
sigmoidal fold [13775] : np un dng ch S.
Np un nm c mt trc un cong dng
ch S.
sign of elongation [13776] : du ko di.
i vi nhng tinh th c dng ko di (tinh
th hnh tr, hnh que) qui c l: nu phng
ko di ca tinh th trng vi Ng hoc nghing
567
v Ng nhiu hn th tinh th ko di dng, nu
phng ko di ca tinh th trng vi Np hoc
nghing v Np nhiu hn Ng th tinh th ko di
m. n: elongation sign.
signal [13777] : tn hiu.
Mt b phn ca tp s liu i din mt
cch cht ch cho thng tin cn quan tm. Khc
vi tp nhiu ngu nhin v v ngha xy ra
trong knh truyn.
signal discrimination [13778] : tch, phn
bit tn hiu.
n: peaking of anomal
signal intensity [13779] : cng tn hiu.
Cng cc thng tin c ch thu nhn c
(ngc vi nhiu).
signal to noise performance [13780] : tng t
s tn hiu/nhiu.
Hot ng x l nhm lm tng t s tn
hiu/nhiu.
signal to noise ratio [13781] : t s tn
hiu/nhiu.
T s nng lng (hoc bin ) gia cc tn
hiu (phn thng tin quan tm) v phn nng
lng cn li (nhiu).
signal velocity [13782] : vn tc truyn tn
hiu (nh sng a chn hoc sng in t).
significant tests [13783] : tiu chun ph hp,
tiu chun ngha.
Quy tc kim nh gi thit thng k da trn
c s cc tnh cht v phn phi, s o lch
ca hm phn phi thc nghim theo gi thit
ny vi hm phn phi thc nghim ca tp mu
chn theo gi thit khc, hoc mc ph hp
gia phn phi tp mu chn vi phn phi l
thuyt. S o lch ny c xc nh bng jasper hoc t cha diatom.
nhiu phng php khc nhau. Phn phi ca
tp mu chn khng th trng vi phn phi gi
thit, do s o lch ca ngha xc minh
mc khc bit thc s gia hai phn phi y.
Nu s o D l lch ca phn phi mu vi
phn phi gi thit v theo phn phi mu ca
D, cng nh theo theo mc ngha cho
ta tm tr s D0 sao cho xc xut P(D>D0) =
th lch ny c ngha. Gi thit ny b bc
b vi mc ngha chn. Nu P(DD0)
= th gi thit s khng b bc b. Gi tr
c chn ty thuc vo ngha thc t. Trong
khi gii cc bi ton a cht, thng c
chn bng 0,05.
sil [13784] : sil hay ocr mu vng.
n: yellow ocher.
Silesian [13785] : Silesi.
Bc chu u, Carbon trung, thng (trn
Dinanti, di Permi).
silex [13786] : silex.
1- Ting Php gi l flint.
2- Silica, silic rt tinh khit, c nghin
mn lm cht lc.
3- Tn c dng ch mt loi cng, nng
nh basalt hay vi p nn.
silexite [13787] : silexit.
magma gm ch yu thch anh nguyn
sinh (60-100%).
silhydrite [13788] : silhydrit.
Khong vt h trc thoi: 3SiO2.H2O.
silica [13789] : silica, diocid silic.
Diocit bn vng ho hc ca silic: SiO2.
Trong t nhin gp 5 bin th a hnh kt tinh
(cc khong vt: thch anh, tridymit, cristobalit,
coesit, v stishovit); dng n tinh (chalcedon);
cc dng v nh hnh v ngm nc (opal); cc
dng khng tinh khit (v d: ct, diatomit,
tripoli, chert, la) v dng kt hp
trong silicat nh hp phn ch yu ca nhiu
khong vt.
silica coefficient [13790] : h s silica.
Ch tiu phn loi ha hc theo Ozan dng
cho cc magma; T s ca tng SiO2 trong
chia cho SiO2 trong feldspar v metasilicat (theo
Johannsen, 1939).
silica glass [13791] : thy tinh silica.
Thy tinh hoc dung th ngui qu nhanh
hu nh ch c SiO2. Thin nhin c tn
lechatelierit, cn nhn to c tn silica vitreous.
Thut ng cng dng cho impactit v tektit.
silicalite [13792] : silicalit.
Danh t do Wadsworts dng t nm 1893
ch loi hu nh ch c SiO2 nh thch anh,
silica rock [13793] : silica.
Tn cng nghip ch ct kt v quarzit
cha t nht 95% silic (thch anh). Nguyn liu
cho cng nghip thy tinh v sn phm khc.
Cn gi ct silic.
silica sand [13794] : ct silica.
Thut ng cng nghip dng cho ct hoc ct
kt sch c hm lng silica (thch anh) cao.
l ngun silic v nguyn liu th ca thy tinh
v sn phm cng nghip khc.
silicastone [13795] : loi silica.
Shrock dng t ny ch loi trm tch
c cha nhiu khong vt silic.
silicate [13796] : silicat.
Hp cht c cu trc tinh th gm nhng t
din SiO4, c th ng c lp hoc lin kt qua
mt vi nguyn t oxy ca t din to nn
cc nhm, dy, lp hoc cu trc ba chiu vi
cc nguyn t kim loi. Silicat tng c phn
loi theo acid oxy gi thit ca silic.
568
n: metasilicate v orthosilicate, nhng ngy
nay c phn loi theo cu trc tinh th.
n: nesosilicate, sorosilicate, cyclosilicate,
inosilicate, phyllosilicate, tectosilicate.
silicate facies iron fomation [13797] : thnh
h st tng silicat.
L mt thnh h st trong cc khong vt
st chnh l greenalit, stilpnomelan, minnesotait
v chlorit giu st (James, 1954).
silicated [13798] : silicat.
Ni v qu trnh silicat ha cc .
silication [13799] : silicat ha.
Qu trnh bin i, thay th thnh to, c
bit l thnh to cc khong vt skarn trong
carbonat. Ss: silicification. Tt: silicated.
siliceous [13800] : silic.
1-n: silicicolous.
2-Ni v loi cha nhiu silica (SiO2) c
bit SiO2 t do nhiu hn silicat.
siliceous earth [13801] : t silic.
Loi trm tch ht nh, xp, d v vn gm
ch yu vt liu silic, vi t kh c hnh
thnh t tn d ca sinh vt, v d diatomit, t
radiolarian.
siliceous fireclay tireclay [13802] : st chu
la cha sillic
St chu la cha ch yu st trng mn hn
hp vi ct sc cnh, sch.
siliceous limestone [13803] : vi cha silic
1- L loi vi phn lp mng ti mu, rn
chc l tp hp hn tp ca carbonat Ca v silica
(SiO2) ngun gc ha hc thnh to ng thi.
C mt trong t hp a mng.
2- vi silic ha, c s thay th calcit bi
silica (SiO2).
siliceous ooze [13804] : bn bin silic.
Trm tch bin khi, su, cha khng t hn
30% nhng tn d khung xng silic, v d bn
radiolarian, bn diatom.
siliceous sediment [13805] : trm tch
cha silic.
Loi trm tch gm cc vt liu cha
silic nh cc mnh v kt hch, lng ng v
cc vt liu hu c, v c khc. V d: phin
silic, novaculit, geyserit, diatomit. Trm tch
silic c th thnh to bi s lng ng nguyn
sinh ca silica (SiO2) hoc silic ha th sinh
hoc thay th.
siliceous shale [13806] : phin st silic.
L ht nh, cng, kin trc phin st vi
s lng bt thng ca silica (n 85%), c th
thnh to bi silic ha cc phin st bnh thng
(s lng ng ca silica t opal hoc tro ni la
kh silic) hoc bi s tch ng cc vt cht hu
c (nh diatom, v radiolarian) cng thi gian
lng ng st. Tarr (1934) cho y l s
(porcellanite) bi v n khng ging phin st.
n: phthanite.
siliceous sponge [13807] : bt bin cha silic.
Bt bin c khung gai xng silic.
silicic [13808] : ni v magma, magma
giu SiO2.
Tuy cha c s thng nht ca cc nh thch
lun nhng ni chung s lng silica (SiO2) nh
nht l 65%. Ngoi ra, SiO2 cn tham gia trong
thnh phn ca feldspar, cc giu SiO2 cn
cha silica t do (thch anh). Granit v ryolit l
cc giu SiO2 in hnh. Cc t ng ngha
acid, acidic thng c s dng nh silicic.
n: oversaturated, persilicic. Ss: basic,
intermediate, ultrabasic.
siliciclastic [13809] : cc vn khng c
carbonat
L cc cha Si nh thch anh hoc silicat
(Braunstein, 1961).
silicicolous [13810] : ni v sinh vt sng
trong t silic
n: siliceous (sinh).
silicification [13811] : silic ha
1- Qu trnh thay th bi silic dn ti s
thnh to ca thch anh ht nh, chalcedon, opal
lp y khong trng v thay th cc khong vt
c trc. Tt: silicified. Ss: silication. n:
silification.
2- Qu trnh ha (ha thch) trong
cc thnh phn hu c nguyn thy c thay
th bi silica (SiO2) nh thch anh, chalcedon
hoc opal.
silicified [13812] : thuc silic ha.
n: silicification.
silicified wood [13813] : g silic ha, g
ha .
Vt th c hnh thnh do s ha ca g,
thay th bi silica (SiO2), trong dng nguyn
thy v cu trc ca g cn c gi li
(Schopf, 1975). Silica thng l opal hoc
chalcedon. n: petrified wood, woodstone,
agatized wood, opalized wood, shinarump.
silicilith [13814] : silicilith.
1- Thut ng c Grabau dng nm 1924
ch mt loi trm tch thch anh. n:
silicilyte.
2- trm tch bao gm ch yu tn d
silic ca sinh vt. V d nh diatomit
(Pettijohn, 1957).
siliciophite [13815] : siliciophit.
Hn hp gm serpentin ln opal.
silicomagnesiofluorite [13816] : silico-
569
 magnesiofluorit.
Khong vt: Ca4Mg3Si2O5(OH)2 F10
silicon [13817] : silic (Si).
Tn La tinh silicium, nhm IV trong h
thng tun hon Mendeleev, s th t 14, khi
lng nguyn t 28,086, t trng 2,33 g/cm3. I.
Berzelius (Thy in) tm ra nm 1825 t tn
l silici (t ch La tinh, silex ngha l la).
Thuc nhm khng kim loi nh, lithophil, c 3
ng v bn v 14 khng bn. Hm lng Si
trong cc (ppm): v lc a trn l 303.480;
siu mafic 201.000; gabro-basalt 227.000;
granit-granodiorit 337.000; phin 288.000;
trong t 280.000, trong nc i dng
2,2mg/l. Cc khong vt tiu biu l thch anh
SiO2, olivin (Mg,Fe)2SiO4, muscovit
KAl2(Si3AlO10)(OH)2, orthoclas K(Si,Al)4O8,
carborundum SiC. Phng php phn tch: ICP-
AES, XRF. Sn lng hng nm l 3,1 triu tn.
Gi th trng 0,2USD/kg ct silic. Dng Si
trong cc lnh vc bn dn, knh thy tinh, xi
mng.
silicon-32 age method [13818] : phng php
xc nh tui bng silic 32.
Phng php xc nh tui da trn vic o
hot tnh phng x ca silic-32 (chu k bn r
xp x khong 350 nm) c p dng cho
bn bin silic lng ng nhanh.
silicon-oxygen tetrahedron [13819] : t din
oxy-silic.
Phc ion, bao gm 4 ion oxy bao quanh 1 ion
silic, to thnh t din vi in tch m 4. L
n v cu trc c s ca silicat, thng c k
hiu l SiO4.
silicosis [13820] : bnh phi nhim bi silic.
silk [13821] : la.
Cc tinh th rutil hnh kim rt nh, c hin
vi, nm bn trong cc loi ngc t nhin nh
rubi, saphir, granat. S phn x nh sng t b
mt cc tinh th ny to ra mt tm si trng
ging nh la.
silky luster [13822] : nh la.
Mt loi nh khong vt, c trng cho mt
s khong vt dng si, v d cryzotil.
sillenite [13823] : silenite.
Khong vt h lp phng: Bi2O3. Thng
gp dng khi ging nha hoc ging t, mu
pht lc. a hnh vi bismit. Cng vit l:
sillnite.
sillimanite [13824] : sillimanit.
1- Khong vt mu nu, xm, lc sm hay
trng, kt tinh h thoi: Al2SiO5, l mt trong ba
bin th kyanit, andaluzit, sillimanit. Sillimanit
c dng tinh th ko di, dng que, dng si
trong phin v gneis, c thnh to ti nhit
v p sut cao, trong qu trnh bin cht khu
vc v c trng cho i bin cht cao ca trm
tch bin cht tip xc. Silimanit cn c tn l
fibrolit.
2- Tn chung ca nhm khong vt silicat
alumin bao gm sillimanit, kyanit v andaluzit,
dumortierit, topaz v mullit.
silt [13825] : bt, ph sa.
1-Ht vn khong vt hoc mnh c kch
thc thay i t 1/256 n 1/16mm, t nhiu b
mi mn trong qu trnh vn chuyn.
2-Vt liu trm tch (c bit l cc ht c
bt l lng trong nc).
siltation [13826] : tp trung ct bi, lng ng
ct bi trong lng h cha nc.
silt shale [13827] : trm tch.
Loi trm tch cha khng qu 10% ct v
c t l bt/st ln hn 2:1 (Folk, 1954).
silt-size fraction [13828] : thnh phn ct bi
trong mu t.
Kch thc ht t 0,002 n 0,006mm.
silt up [13829] : ct bi lng ng.
silty [13830] : pha ct bi.
silty breccia [13831] : dm kt cha bt.
Loi dm kt cha ti thiu 80% mnh vn
v 10% bt, cc vt liu khc khng qu 10%
(Woodford, 1925).
silty clay [13832] : st ct bt.
1- Loi trm tch b ri cha 40-75% st,
12,5-50% bt v 0-20% ct (Shepard, 1954).
2- Loi trm tch b ri cha cc ht c st
ln hn cc ht c bt, hn 10% bt, di 10%
cc ht kch thc ln hn.
3- Loi t c cha 40-60% st, 40-60% bt
v 0-20% ct (SSSA, 1965).
silty clay loam [13833] : st pha ct bt.
Loi t c cha 27-40% st, 60-73% bt v
di 20% ct.
silty sand [13834] : ct cha bt st.
1- Loi trm tch b ri cha 50-90% ct v
c t l bt, st ln hn 2:1 (Folk, 1954).
2- Loi trm tch b ri cha 40-75% ct,
12,5-50% bt v 0-20% st (Shepard, 1954).
3- Loi trm tch b ri cha cc ht c st
nhiu hn cc ht c bt, hn 10% cc ht c
khc (Wentworth, 1922).
silty sandstone [13835] : ct bt kt.
Loi ct kt cha trn 20% bt
(Krynine, 1948).
Silurian [13836] : Silur.
K th ba k t di ln ca i Paleozoi, c
thi gian ko di t 439 n 408,5 triu nm
trc y (Harland et al., 1990), ng vi h Silur
do Murchison thnh lp nm 1835 theo ti liu
min nam nc Anh. H Silur nm trn h
570
Ordovic, di h Devon, gm hai thng vi
4 bc.
silvanite [13837] : silvanit.
n: sylvanite.
silver [13838] : bc (Ag).
Tn La tinh l argentum. Nguyn t ha hc
s 47, nguyn t lng 107,8682; t trng
10,5g/cm3, c 2 ng v bn v 49 khng bn,
thuc nhm kim loi qu nng, chalcophil. Hm
lng Ag trong cc (ppm): v lc a trn l
0,05; siu mafic 0,03; gabro-basalt 0,1; granit
granodiorit 0,05; phin 0,08; trong t 0,07;
trong nc i dng 0,00004 mg/l; trong nc
sng sui 0,00005mg/l. Cc khong vt tiu
biu l argentit (Ag2S), bc t sinh, cerargerit
(AgCl), arsenit bc (Ag3As). Phng php phn
tch: ICP-MS, GF-AAS. Sn lng nm 1995 l
13.500 tn. Gi th trng khong 150USD/kg.
Dng trong ngnh nh, kim hon, nha khoa, hp
kim, c tin, m in, xc tc,v.v.
silver amalgam [13839] : hn hng bc.
Hp kim thy ngn-bc xut hin t nhin.
silver Cape [13840] : Cape bc, kim
cng Cape.
Kim cng c sc vng rt nht.
silver copper glance [13841] : qung bng
ng bc.
Khong vt stromeyerit CuAgS mu xm
thp sm. n: stromeyerite.
silver glance [13842] : qung sulfua bc.
Khong vt argentit Ag2S. n: argentite.
silver jamesonite [13843] : jamesonit bc.
Khong vt owyheeit Ag2Pb5Sb6S15 mu trng
bc n xm thp. n: owyheeite.
silver lead ore [13844] : qung ch-bc.
Galen cha hn 1% bc; galen dng argentit.
simetite [13845] : simetit.
H phch mu m n vng da cam hoc
nu, c hm lng oxy v lu hunh cao, acid
sucxinic thp gp vng nc cn ca Sicily.
similar fold [13846] : np un song song, np
un tng t, np un ng nghing.
Np un c th nm ca cc lp ni chung
song song vi nhau hoc ging nhau.
simitral [13847] : quay tri.
Quay ngc chiu kim ng h.
simonellite [13848] : simonelit.
Khong vt hydrocarbon: C15H20.
simonite [13849] : simonit.
Khong vt: TlHgAs3S6.
simple coral [13850] : san h n th.
n: solitary coral.
simple cross-bedding [13851] : phn lp
xin n.
Phn lp xin c mt ranh gii di khng b
bo mn.
simple fold [13852] : np un n, np on.
Np un xut hin n c.
simple lattice [13853] : mng n gin hay
mng nguyn thy.
n: primitive lattice.
simple shear [13854] : ct n, trt n.
L kiu c bit ca hin tng bin dng
phng, th tch khng i, c trng bi s nh
hng c nh ca thit din hnh trn trong
elipxoit bin dng. Nu bin dng ng nht th
hnh ch nht b bin thnh hnh bnh hnh; bin
dng khng ng nht th mt cp cnh ca hnh
ch nht b un cong i. Cc ng thng trn
hnh ch nht song song vi lc ct trong qu
trnh bin dng khng b quay, b gin hoc co
li; cc ng khng song song trn hnh ch
nht b un cong trong qu trnh bin dng. Bin
dng n th hin s trt ca phn ny so vi
phn khc trong qu trnh bin dng.
simple trabecula [13855] : x n.
Thanh x san h su tia gm mt dy
nhng b si cng n.
simple twin [13856] : song tinh n gin.
Song tinh ch gm hai c th.
simple valley [13857] : thung lng n gin.
Thung lng gi c mi quan h khng i
vi cu trc chung ca cc tng nm di.
l cc thung lng dc v cc thung lng
ngang.
simplotite [13858] : simplotit
Khong vt mu lc ti, h n nghing:
CaV4O9.5H2O.
simpsonite [13859] : simpsonit
Khong vt h su phng:
Al4(Ta,Nb)3(O,OH,F)14.
simulated conditions [13860]: iu kin trong
m hnh ha.
V d nh m hnh ha cu trc a cht theo
ti liu a vt l.
simulated stone [13861] : gi ( nhi).
Mt cht c ch tc nh ngc gi
lm ngc.
sincosite [13862] : sincosit.
Khong vt h bn phng:
CaV+42(PO4)2 (OH)4.3H2O.
Sinemurian [13863] : Sinemuri.
Bc do dOrbigny (1850) xc lp theo tn
thnh ph Sinemur Php, l bc ca thi a
tng quc t, Jura h, trn Hettang v di
Pliensbach.
single cut [13864] : kiu ct n.
Kiu ct kim cng n gin gm 18 mt: 1
571
mt bn, 1 nh, 8 mt mp, 8 mt chp. p
dng ch yu cho loi nh, cht lng km.
single grained structure [13865] : kt cu ht
t ng nht.
single market [13866] : th trng c nht.
single receiver velocity log [13867] : ng
cong m hc trong ging khoan c ghi nhn
bi mt my thu.
single refraction [13868] : khc x n.
Khc x trong tinh th ng hng, ngc li
vi khc x kp trong tinh th d hng.
single shot spread [13869] : b tr cc my
thu khi c mt im n (mt ngun pht).
single tombolo [13870] : ct ni o n.
ct n, n gin, ni o vi t lin
hoc vi o khc.
single tube barrel [13871] : ng cha mu
li n.
singular crystal form [13872] : hnh n
c bit.
n: fixed form.
sinhalite [13873] : sinhalit.
Khong vt h trc thoi: MgAl (BO4). Gn v
cu trc vi olivin.
Sinian [13874] : Sini.
Phn v do Richthofen (1877) thnh lp theo
ti liu bc Trung Quc ch cc trm tch
bin cht yu hoc khng bin cht ca
Proterozoi thng. Phn v gm cc vi cha
Stromatolit, dolomit, quczit, cui kt, phin,
i ni c va hematit phn trn. Theo khi
nim ban u, Sini bao gm c mt phn
Paleozoi h, c xem l mt h, hin nay quan
nim Sini tng ng vi Riphei. Tui ng v
K-Ar l 1185-740 triu nm.
sinistral fault [13875] : t gy trt bng tri
n: left lateral fault.
sinistral fold [13876] : np un trt tri.
Np un khng i xng, cnh di ca np
un hng v pha bn tri, mt trc nghing v
pha bn phi; ngc li l np un trt phi.
n: dextral fold.
sinjarite [13877] : sinjarit.
Khong vt ht m: CaCl2.2H2O.
sink [13878] : h trng.
Trng cha h nc cn gia hoc h nc
mui khng c dng dn ra ngoi, v d ni c
mt dng chy hoang mc dn ti mt ch ct
hoc bin mt do bay hi. n: sinkhole.
sinkhole [13879] : h st, phu, ging karst.
Trng st trn trong vng karst c h thng
tiu nc ngm di t, rng t vi mt n vi Chn u, mt s Nautiloidea t c d dy
chc mt, thng c dng phu.
n: doline, sink, collapse sinkhole, solution
sinkhole.
sinkhole karst [13880] : karst h st.
H st karst in hnh ca vng nhit i.
sinking creek [13881] : dng chy mt nc.
n: lost stream
sinking stream [13882] : dng chy m.
Dng chy trn mt bin xung di mt t
trong vng karst. n: insurgence stream, lost
stream.
sink lake [13883] : ao, h, vng karst.
n: karst pond.
sinnerite [13884] : sinerit.
Khong vt: Cu6As4S9. Ss: luzonite.
sinoite [13885] : sinoit.
Khong vt thin thch: Si2N2O.
sinopite [13886] : sinopit.
Khong vt st dng t mu gch, xa
kia c dng lm bt v mu .
sinople [13887] : sinop.
Th thch anh mu hoc pht nu cha
bao th hematit. Cn vit l: sinopal; sinopel.
sinupalliate [13888] : c ng o hm
hnh vnh.
Ni v mt Thn mm hai mnh c ng o
hm cong pha sau hnh vnh.
sinus [13889] : hm, khe, xoang, vnh.
(cs) Rnh cong, tng i su n lm vo
mi ngoi ca l ming ca v Chn bng, m
khi v ln ln n c lp y dn, to thnh
mt di r rt; mt phn ca mt cu trc ngang
(ra ming, g t im, ng tng trng) v
Chn u cong li v pha ming.
siphon [13890] : siphon.
1- on ko di v pha sau hnh ng ca lp
o nhiu Thn mm hai mnh c tc dng lm
ng dn nc vo ming v cc mang khng
cho nc trn vo xoang o; on ko di v
pha trc ca lp o nhiu Chn bng lm
ng dn nc vo mang; si phon bng mng
chn u; mt ng ko di vo bn trong t l
ming ca Trng l.
2- Mt phn ca ngch thng hang c trn
nghing xung di mc nc.
n: water trap, trap.
siphonal canal [13891] : knh siphon.
on ko di dng tm hay dng hc ca
phn trc (i nh) ra ming v Chn bng,
c tc dng bo v siphon ht nc vo ming.
siphonal deposit [13892] : cht lng ng
trong siphon.
Cht lng ng bn trong ng siphon ca
rt ln.
siphonal fasciole [13893] : di g siphon.
572
 Mt di ng tng trng cong li t ngt
ch gn chn ct trung tm ca v Chn bng
nh du cc v tr tip nhau ca hc siphon.
siphonal notch [13894] : hc siphon.
Mt hm nh ra ming gn chn ct trung
tm ca v Chn bng, l ni siphon th ra
ht nc vo ming v cc mang.
siphonoglyph [13895] : rnh hng.
Mt rnh c lng t ph ko di xung mt
bn ca hng san h.
siphonostomatous [13896] : c ming mang
siphon.
Ni v v Chn bng c ra ming b x mt
hc hay rnh cho siphon th ra.
siphonozooid [13897] : c th ng.
Mt polyp San h tm tia b thoi ha c xc
tu gim thoi hoc mt ht v thng c si
vch gim thoi (ra vch dy ln v cong li).
Loi ny thng nh hn mt c th t dng v
c l l c chc nng iu ha vic cung cp
nc cho qun th.
siphuncle [13898] : ng siphon.
Mt ng bng mng di ko qua ton b cc
phng v vch ngn t u v phi n y ca
phng cha thn ca v Chn u, gm cc
phn mm v phn cht v vi cc c vch
ngn, ai ghp ni, cht lng ng bng vi v
dy siphon.
siphuncular cord [13899] : dy siphon.
Cc m tht bn trong ng siphon Chn
u.
siserskite [13900] : siserskit.
n: iridosmine.
sismondine [13901] : sismondin.
Chloritoid cha magnesi.
sitaparite [13902] : sitaparit.
n: bixbyite.
site [13903] : hin trng.
site investigation [13904] : th nghim hin
trng, kho st hin trng.
site topography [13905] : iu kin/c im
a hnh.
Sivier orogeny [13906] : to ni Sivier.
To ni Sivier l tn do R.I Amstrong (1958)
t cho hin tng bin dng c bit vng
a mng Utah (M) vo thi gian gia to ni
Nevadan pha ty v to ni Laramide Vin
ng, cc mnh vo Creta mun.
size [13907] : kch thc, c.
sjurgrenite [13908] : sjugrenit.
Khong vt h su phng:
Mg6Fe2(CO3)(OH)16.4H2O, lng hnh vi
pyroaurit. Cng pht m l: Sjogrenite.
skarn [13909] : skarn.
Theo cc nh a cht vng Fennoscandi l
thut ng Thy in c dng ch nhng tinh
th silicat ln (amphibol, pyroxen, granat v.v.)
nm trong cc m sulphur v qung st tui
Archean, chng pht trin trong vi v
dolomit. T c m rng cho cc silicat
cha vi tui bt k, pht trin do mang mt
khi lng ln Si, Al, Fe v Mg n vi hay
dolomit tinh khit (Holmes, 1920).
Hoa K, ng ngha vi tactit. Cn phn
bit ni skarn v ngoi skarn.
skeletal crystal growth [13910] : sinh trng
tinh th hnh xng.
Kiu pht trin vi m hnh dng tinh th, ch
yu pht trin nh, khng lp y hon ton cc
mt tinh th. Tinh th hnh thnh theo kiu
c gi l tinh th xng.
skeleton [13911] : b xng, khung xng.
Phn cu trc cng hoc bng cht xng to
thnh khung cho phn mm ng vt v che
ph hoc bo v cc c quan ni tng ca
chng, v d li ca cc gai Bt bin
(Spongia), v Tay cun (Brachiopoda) hay Thn
mm (Mollusca), nhng lp vi ca vch thn
ng vt dng Ru (Bryozoa), v chitin ca
Chn khp (Arthropoda) hoc b xng ca
ng vt c xng sng (Vertebrata).
skiagite [13912] : skiagit.
Khong vt cui gi thit ca nhm granat:
Fe+23Fe+32(SiO4)3.
skiagram [13913] : s ski.
Mt kiu qut (scan) c trong s dng chn
tia X.
skin friction [13914] : ma st bn.
skinnerite [13915] : skinnerit.
Khong vt h n nghing: Cu3SbS3
sklodowskite [13916] : sklodowskit
Khong vt th sinh, phng x mnh, mu
vng chanh, h trc thoi: Mg(UO2)2Si2O7.6H2O.
ng cu trc vi uranophan v cupro-
sklodovskite. Cng vit l: skolodovskite.
skolite [13917] : skolit.
Glauconit giu nhm, calci, thiu st, dng
vy, mu lc ti.
skomerite [13918] : skomerit.
Andezit b bin i gm c nhng ht nh v
nhng tinh th ogit, olivin, cc ban tinh
plagioclas b bin i (thnh albit) trn mt nn
vi tinh c plagioclas giu calci hn ban tinh
(Johannsen, 1939). Tn ny do Thomas dng t
1911, xut x t o Skomer thuc x Wale.
Cn c tn marloesit, khng nn s dng.
skutterudite [13919] : skuterudit.
Khong vt ng hng, mu trng thic
573
hoc xm bc: (Co,Ni)As3, c th cha mt
lng ng k st, l qung th yu ca cobal v
nikel. n: smaltite.
Skythian [13920] : Skythi, Scythi.
n: Scythian.
slack [13921] :
1- H di hoc trng gia hai ng ca cc
n b, hoc trong bi ct hoc bi bn trn b.
2- H di hoc mt nghing trn mt t, v
d: o gia cc i, thung lng nng, nh, h
trng trn sn i.
3- Mu t mm, m ly, bi ly.
slag [13922] : tro x.
slake durability test [13923]:th nghim "ti".
Cc loi t nhiu u chu tc ng ca
cc chu k kh t. V d nh granite cha
phong ha, hoc ct kt thch anh gn kt tt th
kh bn bi chng c th chu c nhiu chu
k kh t m khng b phn r. Tuy vy, chng
vn yu hn khi t v tc ng ca nc trong
cc vi khe nt. Do vy, kt qu xc nh sc bn
ca cn nu r hm lng nc trong ti
thi im th nghim. Ngc li, nhiu loi
giu st (phin st hoc mt vi loi ni la
b phong ha) v cc khong vt nh anhydrite
s trng n hoc phn r khi tri qua cc chu
k kh t kh quyn. Tc l khng nhng
chng b yu hn khi t, m chng cn b yu
i mt cch vnh vin sau khi b t. Th nghim
"ti" nhm xc nh bn ca di tc
ng ca cc chu k kh t, bng cch nhng
mu vo nc v xc nh tc phn r ca
chng. Th nghim "ti" c ISRM (Hip
hi C hc quc t) chun ha. Mi ng
mnh nh, cn nng 40-60g c xp vo
trong tang trng bt bng li thp v sy kh.
Sau tang trng c nhng vo trong b nc
v quay t t. Cc mu c bn ti thp v
trung bnh s phn r nhanh chng v cc mnh
vn s chui ra ngoi tang trng qua cc mt li
thp. Sau 10 pht, nhc tang trng cng cc
mnh vn st ra, c sy kh v sau li tri
qua chu k ti ln th hai. Ch s bn ti sau
chu k hai, Id2, c dng phn loi, l khi
lng ca mu kh cn li trong tang trng sau
hai chu k kh t, biu din dng phn trm
so vi khi lng mu kh ban u. Id2 0 i
vi cc mu d b ti, 100% i vi cc loi
kh ti.
slate spar [13924] : spat tm.
n: shiver spar.
slavikite [13925] : slavikit.
Khong vt h ba phng (mt thoi) mu
vng pht lc: NaMg2Fe5(SO4)7(OH)6. 33H2O.
slavyanskite [13926] : slavyanskit.
n: tunisite.
slawsonite [13927] : slawsonit.
Khong vt nhm feldspar: (Sr,Ca)Al2Si2O8.
slayanskite [13928] : slayanskit.
Khong vt gp trong cc vm mui:
CaAl2O4.nH2O; n = 8-8,5.
sleeve [13929] : ng ni, ng lng.
slickenside [13930] : mt nhn, mt trt.
1- Mt nhn, lng do t gy to nn. Trn
mt ny cn c vt xc. n: polished surface.
2- B mt khe nt, mt trt ca b
ph hng.
slide [13931] : trt, dch chuyn tng i;
slide, tiu bn, lt mng.
1- S dch chuyn nh ca khi theo
phng thng ng.
2- phim n chiu (bn v dng
chiu hnh).
slide area [13932] : din tch trt.
slide breccia [13933] : dm kt do trt.
Dm kt hnh thnh do bin dng trt.
slide fault [13934] : t gy trt.
t gy hnh thnh lin quan vi hin tng
un np, c mt t gy ph hp vi cnh hoc
mt trc ca np un (Flenty, 1964).
slide rock [13935] : trt, sn tch,
l tch.
sliding [13936] : trt.
Mt dng ph hy t, .
sliding friction [13937] : ma st trt.
sliding strain [13938] : bin dng trt.
sliding surface [13939] : mt trt.
Mt t gy, t vo cc cnh t gy
chuyn ng tng i so vi nhau.
slip [13940] :
1- S chuyn dch tng i trn mt t
gy, o trn mt t gy.
2- Cc ph hy nh dc theo chng c s
dch chuyn.
3- o hp qua ni, hm, eo ni.
4- Dch chuyn, mt trt.
5- Trt.
slip circle [13941] : cung trt.
slip cleavage [13942] : th ch trt.
Loi th ch ging th ch phin, phin ha
c trng bi cc mt th mn, mng.
slip dike [13943] : dyke (dike) theo mt trt.
mch xuyn theo mt t gy.
slip face [13944] : mt dc nghing.
1- Mt nghing dc trn sn khut gi ca
n. n: sandfall;
2- Mt pha khut gi ca np sng ct. n:
slip slope.
574
 slip fiber [13945] : th trt.
Cc mch khong vt dng si, v d asbest,
trong cc si gn nh song song v vung
gc vi thnh mch. Ss: cross fiber.
slip fold [13946] : np un trt, np un ct.
n: shear fold.
slip folding [13947] : un np trt.
Hin tng un np lin quan vi hin
tng trt.
slip joint [13948] : khe nt ct.
Danh t t c dng ca khe nt ct.
slip plane [13949] : mt trt.
n: glide plate.
slip slope [13950] : mt dc nghing ca np
sng ct.
slip surface [13951] : mt trt, cung trt.
n: gliding surface, shear surface, slip
plane.
slip-vector analysis [13952] : phn tch vect
trt.
Xc nh s chuyn ng ca t gy
da vo nghin cu chuyn ng ban u ca
ng t.
slob land [13953] : tng bn hoc t, di t
c bn, t ph sa c khai khn.
n: low marsh.
slope [13954] : sn; mi dc.
1- Mt nghing ca b phn mt t no ,
v d nh sn i. B phn rng ln ca lc a
h thp v pha bin. n: gradient.
2- Mi hay b dc, gi chung l mi dc.
slope engineering [13955] : k thut mi dc.
K thut to/xy dng mi dc.
slope facet [13956] : mt nghing.
n: slope segment.
slope failure [13957] : trt mi dc, ph hy
mi dc, trt l mi dc.
Bt k s c ph hy mi dc no (trt, l,
ln, chm, nt, v.v.) khin mi dc b h hi,
mt n nh v tr nn nguy him, phng hi
cho tnh mng con ngi, ca ci vt cht v
cnh quan mi trng, gi tt l ph hy
mi dc.
slope gully [13958] : thung lng nh.
Thung lng nh khng lin tc di y
bin, thng c hnh thnh bi st ln dc
vch t gy, hoc sn ca delta sng.
n: sea gully.
slope map [13959] : bn dc.
Bn din t dc phn b trn b mt.
slope segment [13960] : phn thng ca sn.
Trc din sn. n: slope facet.
slope stability analysis [13961] : phn tch n
nh mi dc.
Vic nghin cu, kho st, phn tch, tnh
ton mc n nh, an ton ca mi dc.
slope stabilization methods [13962] : phng
php gia c mi dc.
Cc phng php nhm lm cho mi dc
b ph hy, hoc ang mt n nh, c nguy c
b ph hy tr nn n nh v an ton.
slope wash [13963] : ra tri sn.
Vt liu t v b vn chuyn xung
di chn sn do khi vn c h tr bi
dng nc chy khng b hn ch ti lng sng.
n: hill wash.
slope-discharge curve [13964] : th
lu lng.
th biu din lu lng c tnh n
nghing ca mt nc v chiu cao ca my o.
slough [13965] : bi ly nh.
1- Di t ly nm trong vng t thp hoc
trng a phng, khng c dng chy vng
kh. n: slew, slue, sleugh;
2- Vng t t, rng v d nh m ly;
3- Sui hoc vng nc chy chm trn bi
triu, m ly ven bin;
4- Rnh nc chy chm bn sn
ca sng;
5- Vng vnh nh.
slow-sand filtration [13966] : lc chm
qua ct.
Mt phng php x l nc bng cch cho
nc th thm vi tc chm qua lp ct c
thm nh thi gian loi cc cht cn l
lng v mt phn cht hu c, vi khun.
slud [13967] : t chy.
Vt liu bn di chuyn xung chn sn do
hin tng t chy (solifluction).
sluice [13968] : bn nc.
o, lm sch vi p lc nc.
slump [13969] : chuyn ng trt khi, tt
xung, tt xung.
Hin tng trt ca khi t do chuyn
ng quay hoc chuyn ng theo nhng mt
trt cong.
slump basin [13970] : bn st.
Bn nng gn chn tng hm vc, trn sn
i phin c hnh thnh do st va khng
u v thng cha h tm thi.
slump fold [13971] : np un trt khi.
Np un hnh thnh lin quan vi hin tng
trt khi.
slump overfold [13972] : np un o, np
un do trt.
Np un cu to bi cc b un cong mc
cu gy ra bi hin tng trt t.
slump scarp [13973] : vch st.
575
 Vch hnh thnh phn gia lp ph dung
nham ni la do lp ph b st bi cc lp
dung nham nm di chy ra ngoi.
slumping [13974] : trt khi.
Hin tng trt xung ca khi t .
n: slump.
slurry [13975] : dung dch, bn st.
slurry-trench [13976] : ho st.
Ho o cha dung dch st hoc dung dch
bentonit.
small circle [13977] : vng trn nh.
Cung trn mt cu l giao tuyn ca mt
phng no khng i qua tm ca hnh cu,
thng dng trong php chiu cu nghin cu
kin to vt l v thch cu to.
small fold [13978] : np un nh.
Np un c qui m nh.
small spore [13979] : bo t nh.
Thut ng ch ht phn v bo t c kch
thc nh.
small-circle girdle [13980] : i vng
trn nh.
n: cleft girdle.
small-scale map [13981] : bn t l nh.
Bn c t l nh hn 1:250.000 (theo Cc
a cht Hoa K), lp cho nhng vng rng ln
nhm pht hin nhng nt khi qut.
smaltite [13982] : smaltit.
1- Khong vt ng hng, mu trng thic
hoc xm nht: (Co, Ni)As3-x, l skuterudit thiu
arsen. Smaltit thng cha mt t st, gp cng
cobaltit, l qung ca cobal v nikel.
n: smaltine; tin-white cobalt; gray cobalt;
speisscobalt.
2- Thut ng dng cho loi arsenit cobalt
cha c xc nh chc chn hoc l hn hp
cc khong vt ca cobalt.
smaragd [13983] : smaragd.
n: emerald.
smaragdite [13984] : smaragdit.
Amphibol (gn actinolit) dng si hoc l
mnh, mu lc, gi hnh theo pyroxen (nh
omphacit) trong cc eclogit.
smectite [13985] : smectit.
1- Tn cho nhm khong vt st
montmorilonit. Thut ng dng ch yu ch
cc khong vt st tm mt i (montmorilonit)
hoc tm mt ba (saponit) v cc bin dng ho
hc ca chng, bao gm cc khong vt c tnh
trng n v kh nng trao i cation cao.
n: montmorilonite.
2- Thut ng c dng u tin cho loi t
st ty mu, sau cho mt s trm tch st xc
nh, nh bentonit v th halosit mu pht lc
(Kerr v Hamilton, 1949).
S-meter [13986] : my o cng ca
tn hiu.
smirnite [13987] : smirnit.
Khong vt: BiTeO.
Smirnov test [13988] : tiu chun Smirnov.
Tiu chun dng kim nh gi thit v hai
tp mu o lp: x1, x2, ....xn.
smirnovite [13989] : smirnovit.
n: thorutite.
smithite [13990] : smithit.
Khong vt mu , h n nghing:
AgAsS2.
smithsonite [13991] : smithsonit.
1- Khong vt mu trng n vng, xm, nu
hoc pht lc thuc nhm calcit: ZnCO3, l
khong vt th sinh, gp cng vi sphalerit,
thng thay th n trong vi, dng thn,
chm nho, nh hoc ht, phn bit vi
hemimorphit do si bt khi tc dng vi acid.
Smithsonit l qung km. n: dry-bone ore,
calamine; zinc spar; szaskaite.
2- Thut ng i khi c dng nh t ng
ngha vi hemimorphit.
smokestone [13992] : m khi.
n: smoky quartz.
smoky quartz [13993] : thch anh m khi.
Thch anh kt tinh, thng trong sut, mu
vng khi n xm nu, i khi c dng nh
bn qu, c th cha bao th dioxit carbon
dng lng ln dng kh. Nguyn nhn gy mu
ca n c l do b chiu x nng lng cao hoc
c th do cc khong vt pht x.
n: cairngorm; smokestone.
smoky topaz [13994] : topaz m khi.
Tn thng mi ch thch anh m khi dng
lm trang sc.
smolianinovite [13995] : smolianinovit.
Khong vt h trc thoi: (Co,Ni,Ca,Mg)2
(Fe+3,Al)(AsO4)(OH).5H2O.
smooth [13996] : lm trn.
smooth by entropy [13997] : lm trn bng
entropy.
Gi tr trung bnh entropy khng b nh
hng bi cc gi tr t bin trong tp hp s
cho trc.
smooth by spline [13998] : lm trn bng hm
spline.
ng cong spline ca cc im trong tp
hp s (x,y) l tp hp cc cung ni tip trong
cc on thng ni cc im. ng cong spline
m bo gi c nguyn dng ng cong.
smooth wheel roller [13999] : xe lu bnh
st nhn.
576
 Thit b m vi bnh thp trn, nhn.
smow [14000] : tiu chun trung bnh nc i
dng.
n: standard mean ocean water.
smythite [14001] : smythit.
Khong vt h mt thoi: (Fe, Ni)9S11.
snow [14002] : tuyt.
1- Mt dng ca bng bao gm cc tinh th
nh ng bng t nc, thuc h su phng,
mu trng hoc bn trong, thnh to do thng
hoa t hi nc trong khng kh nhit thp
hn im ng bng. Tinh th xut hin t mt
nhn rn c th l bi, bao bc n v ln ln
trong khi bay hoc ri xung t, thng th gn
kt li thnh bng tuyt .
2- Khi lin kt cc tinh th tuyt b ri
xung.
3- Tuyt ri.
4- Bng i. Vng bao ph bi tuyt vnh
cu. Thut ng thng c dng dng s
nhiu: snows.
snowball garnet [14003] : granat bng tuyt,
granat xon.
n: rotated garnet.
snowflake [14004] : bng tuyt.
Tp hp mt s tinh th tuyt va chm ri
lin kt vi nhau trong khi ri trong khng kh.
soad lime feldspar [14005]:feldspar natri-vi.
Thut ng khng chnh xc ch feldspar
natri-calci.
soap earth [14006] : t x phng.
Talc dng khi c. n: steatite.
soaprock [14007] : x phng.
n: soapstone.
soapstone [14008] : x phng.
1- Tn khong vt dng cho steatite hoc talc
dng khi c. n: soaprock.
2- n: saponite.
3- Thut ng dng khng cht ch cho
agalmatolit.
soapstone (talc) [14009] : talc.
soapy [14010] : ging x phng.
Ch khong vt c cu to trn, nhn, mm
mi, v d: talc.
n: unctuous.
sobolevite [14011] : sobolevit.
Khong vt: Na14Ca2MnTi3P4Si4O34.
sobolevskite [14012] : sobolevskit.
Khong vt h su phng: PdBi.
sobotkite [14013] : sobotkit.
Khong vt nhm monmorilonit:
Mg2Al(Si3Al)O10(OH)2.5H2O.
sod [14014] : t lp t bo v.
soda [14015] : soda.
Carbonat natri: Na2CO3, c bit l loi cha
10 phn t nc: Na2CO3.10H2O, thut ng
dng khng cht ch ch oxid natri, hydroxit
natri, bicarbonat natri, thm ch natri khi din
t khng chnh thc, v d spat natri.
soda alum [14016] : phn natri.
Khong vt h lp phng nhm phn:
NaAl(SO4)2.12H2O. Ss: mendozite. n: sodium
alum.
soda ash [14017] : tro soda.
Thut ng thng mi ch carbonat natri:
Na2CO3.
sodaclase [14018] : sodacla.
n: albite.
soda feldspar [14019] : feldspar natri.
Thut ng dng khng chnh xc ch feldspar
natri.
soda hornblende [14020] : hornblend natri.
n: arfvedsonite.
soda leucite [14021] : leucit natri.
Loi leucit giu natri theo gi thit, l vt
liu nguyn thu ca mt s gi hnh leucit.
soda lime feldspar [14022] : feldspar Na-Ca.
soda mica [14023] : mica natri.
n: paragonite.
soda microcline [14024] : microclin natri.
Microclin c natri thay th kali, c bit l
anorthoclas.
soda minette [14025] : minet natri.
Minet kim do Brgger t tn nm 1898,
gm c feldspar kim (n pectit), mica mu nu
sm, acmit, apatit v sphen. c dng nm th
tng cn gi l trachyt mafic. Khng nn s
dng.
soda niter [14026] : salpeter natri.
Khong vt h su phng, trong sut, mu
trng hoc khng mu: NaNO3. l mui kt tinh
d ho tan, d nng chy, ch yu gp trong
cui kt cha mui Chile, cng sinh vi halit
v cc vt liu dng ct, dng st. Salpeter natri
l nguyn liu cho nitrat. Ss: niter.
n: nitratine; Chile salpeter; Peru salpeter.
soda orthoclass [14027] : orthoclas natri.
n: loxoclase.
soda sanidine [14028] : sanidin natri.
Khong vt nhm feldspar kim, cha 40%-
60% albit trong dung dch cng.
soda spar [14029] : spat natri.
T khng chnh thc cho feldspar natri, tc
albit, hoc cho hn hp feldspar t nht c 7%
Na2O (Roger & Neal, 1975).
n: Na-spar. Ss: potash spar.
soda tremolite [14030] : tremolit natri.
Khong vt h n nghing, nhm amphibol:
577
Na2CaMg5Si8O22(OH)2. Khc tremolit l natri
chim mt na ch ca calci. Ss: richterite.
sodalite [14031] : sodalit.
1- Khong vt nhm feldspathoid:
Na4Al3Si3O12Cl, thng c mu lam, tm lam,
nhng cng c th mu trng, pht lc, xm,
hng cnh sen hoc vng. Sodalit gp trong cc
xm nhp giu natri.
2- Nhm cc khong vt feldspathoid mu
pht lam, cha silicat natri, bao gm sodalit,
hauyn, nosean v lazurit.
soddyite [14032] : sodyit.
Khong vt h trc thoi, mu vng nht:
(UO2)5Si2O9.6 H2O. Cng vit l: soddite.
sodium [14033] : natri (Na).
Tn La tinh l natrium. Nguyn t ha hc s
11, nguyn t lng 22,9897; t trng 0,971
g/cm3, thuc nhm kim loi nh, kim lithophil.
C 1 ng v bn v 17 khng bn. Hm lng
Na trong cc (ppm): v lc a trn l
25.670; siu mafic 6.000; gabro-basalt 20.000;
granit granodiorit 25.000; phin 13.000;
trong t 10.000; trong nc i dng 10.800
mg/l; trong nc sng sui 6,1 mg/l. Cc
khong vt tiu biu l albite, halite, cryolite,
soda v nhiu khong vt to nh plagioclas,
mica, amphybole, pyroxene. Phng php phn
tch: XRF, ICP-AES. Sn lng nm 1979 l 53
triu tn. Gi th trng 0,12 USD/kg tro soda
Na2CO3. c s dng trong ngnh ha cht,
phn bn, lm lnh trong l ht nhn.
sodium alum [14034] : phn natri.
n: soda alum.
sodium autunite [14035] : autunit natri.
Khong vt mu vng thuc nhm autunit:
Na(UO2)(PO4).4H2O.
sodium betpakdalite [14036] : betpakdalit
natri.
Khong vt h n nghing:
(Na,Ca)3Fe+32 (As2O4) (MoO4).15H2O.
sodium boltwoodite [14037] : boltwoodit
natri.
Khong vt h trc thoi:
(H3O)(Na, K)(UO2) (SiO4). H2O.
sodium calcium feldspar [14038] : feldspar
Ca-Na.
sodium feldspar [14039] : feldspar natri.
Feldspar kim cha phn t Ab(NaAlSi3O8),
c bit l albit. X: soda feldspar.
sodium illite [14040] : ilit natri.
n: brammallite.
sodium pharmacosiderite [14041] : phamar-
cosiderit natri.
L khong vt c cng thc :
Na2(OH) [Fe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4].7H2O.
sodium phlogopite [14042] : phlogopit natri.
Khong vt cha natri tng t phlogopit:
Na2Mg6(Si6Al2)O20(OH)4.
sodium uranospinite [14043] : uranospinit
natri.
Khong vt th sinh mu vng lc, vng
chanh n vng rm:
(Na2, Ca)(UO2)(AsO4).5H2O.
sodium zippeite [14044] : zipeit natri.
Khong vt h trc thoi:
Na2(UO2)6(SO4)3 (OH)10. 4H2O.
soft mineral [14045] : khong vt mm.
Cc khong vt mm hn thch anh, tc l c
cng thp hn 7 theo thang cng Mohs.
soft water [14046] : nc mm.
softening [14047] : lm mm nc.
S loi b cc ion Ca2+ v Mg2+ ra khi nc
lm gim cng xung mc cho php.
sogdianite [14048] : sogdianit.
Khong vt nhm osumilit:
(K, Na)2Li2(Li, Fe, Al)2ZrSi12O30.
sogrenite [14049] : sogrenit.
Vt liu hu c mu en, cha uran.
shngeite [14050] : shngeit.
Khong vt Ga(OH)3.
soil [14051] : t.
nh ngha t ca cc nh a k thut
tng i khc vi nh ngha ca cc nh a
cht, th nhng, nng hc, v.v. t l mi loi
vt liu, hu c hoc v c, nm ph trn
gc. Da vo ngun gc, t c th chia thnh
t hu c v t v c. t hu c l hp cht
trong phn ln l sn phm sinh trng v
phn r ca thc vt, v trong mt s trng
hp, l tch t v, xng ca cc sinh vt nh.
t v c phn ln bt ngun t cc qu trnh
phong ha ha l ca gc. t v c vn cn
li ni chng hnh thnh nn gi l t tn
tch. Nu t di chuyn ti mt a im
khc bi nc, gi,... th n c gi l t di
chuyn, v c th c chia nh hn theo c ch
vn chuyn chng, v d: gi tch, bin tch, l
tch, ph sa, v.v.
soil binder [14052] : lin kt, dnh kt ca t.
soil cement [14053] : t xi mng.
t trn xi mng tng cng v gim
ln.
soil colloid [14054] : t nn dng keo.
soil exploration [14055] : kho st t nn,
thm d t nn.
soil horizon [14056] : tng lp t nm ngang.
n: horizon.
soil mechanics [14057] : c hc t.
578
 L b mn c hc chuyn nghin cu cc
tnh cht c l ca t vi nhng ng dng
chnh trong thc t nh: kho st v thit k cc
cu trc t p nh p, nh gi n nh solid earth [14077] : v rn ca Tri t,
ca cc mi dc t nhin v nhn to, nh gi
kh nng chu ti ca nn t i vi cc cng
trnh xy dng, nh gi mc v s phn b
p lc t ln cc cng trnh xy dng nh
tng chn, d bo dng thm ca nc trong
t, ci thin cc tnh cht c l ca t bng
cc phng php ha hc, c hc, v.v.
soil mixing plant [14058] : trm trn t.
soil moisture [14059] : m ca t.
Lng m cha trong phn t nm trn mc
nc ngm.
soil profile [14060] : mt ct ca t nn.
soil structure [14061] : kt cu t, dng kt
cu t.
soil survey [14062] : kho st t nn, thm
d t nn.
soil types [14063] : kiu loi t.
soil water [14064] : nc th nhng.
Nc trong i nc th nhng.
soil water belt [14065] : i nc th nhng.
soil water zone [14066] : i nc th
nhng.
n: belt of soil water.
sol [14067] : t.
Mt loi t yu dng keo.
solar [14068] : Mt tri (tt).
Dt: Sun.
solar system [14069] : h Mt Tri, Thi
Dng h.
sole fault [14070] : t gy y, t gy nn.
t gy nghch thng hnh thnh cu trc
chm, a di. t gy c mt un cong thng
xut hin y ca phc h lp ph.
n: de'collement fault, detachment fault,
detachment thrust, basal thrust plane.
sole of thrust [14071] : mt trt t gy
nghch chm.
Mt y ca t gy nghch chm.
solfatara [14072] : kh lu hunh nng.
Mt kiu kh nng ni la giu lu hunh.
n: solfataric stage (giai an phun kh lu
hunh). Xut x: tn ni la Solfatara, Italia.
solfatara field [14073] : trng kh lu hunh
nng.
solfataric stage [14074] : giai on phun kh
lu hunh.
Hot ng ni la giai an cui, ch yu
phun kh lu hunh dc theo cc khe nt.
solid axle [14075] : trc cng.
solid diffusion [14076] : khuch tn cng.
S khuch tn cc vt liu ha hc bn trong
cng. n: metamorphic diffusion (khuch
tn bin cht).
thch quyn.
solid geology [14078] : a cht gc.
Thut ng dng Anh ch a cht
gc.
solidification [14079] : ha cng.
Qu trnh lm cng, chuyn ha th lng
thnh trng thi cng khi dung th magma ngui
dn. Thut ng ny s dng m rng n cc
trm tch. n: consolidication.
solidification index [14080] : ch s ha cng.
Thng s ha hc ca magma bng:
100xMgO/(MgO+FeO+Fe2O3+Na2O+K2O)
thng t gi tr khong 40 (basalt) n 100
(rhyolit). Thng s phn nh khuynh hng lm
gim MgO so vi tng st v tng lng kim
trong phn ln qu trnh phn d. ng thi
cng phn nh qu trnh lm gim (cng gn
mt tc ) lng dung th tn d trong qu
trnh magma kt tinh (Kuno, 1957). Vit tt SI.
solid map [14081] : bn gc.
Thut ng c dng Anh ch bn
a cht v s phn b ca gc, cc trm tch
b ri trn mt u loi b.
solid rock [14082] : gc.
Thut ng c dng Anh thay bedrock.
solid solution [14083] : dung dch cng.
Pha kt tinh n, c thnh phn c th dao
ng trong mt gii hn nht nh m khng
dn n s xut hin pha b xung. Mt pha kt
tinh n gin nhng c th thay i thnh phn
trong gii hn tinh t m khng lm xut hin
pha b sung. n: mix-crystal,mixed crystal (tinh
th trn).
solid solution series [14084] : dy dung dch
cng.
n: isomorphous series.
solid stage [14085] : giai an lm mt dung
th magma ngui hon ton tr thnh cng.
solidus [14086] : ng cng.
Trn biu thnh phn: nhit , v tr ca
nhng im trong mt h thng m khi nm dc
theo ng , trng thi lng cn bng vi th
cng, khi nm di h , h hon ton trng
thi cng. Trong mt h hai cu t khng to
dung dch cng th ng cng l mt ng
thng, nu to dung dch cng th n l ng
cong hay tip ni ng thng v ng cong,
trong h ba cu t c 4 mt ng cng l b
mt cong.
solitaire [14087] : ngc n.
579
 Kim cng hoc i khi l mt th ngc
khc c gn mt mnh, khng thnh cp.
solitary coral [14088] : San h n th.
Mt San h sng ring r, khng to thnh
mt phn ca qun th; mt San h n th
ca mt polyp tn ti khng gn chung vi cc
khc.
solongoite [14089] : solongoit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
Ca2B3O4(OH)4Cl.
solubility [14090] : ha tan.
Nng cn bng ca cht tan trong dung
dch bo ha ti mt iu kin nhit v p
sut nht nh, qu nng khng ha tan
c na.
solute [14091] : d b ha tan.
solution [14092] : ha tan; dung dch.
1- Qu trnh phong ha ha hc lm cho vt
liu v khong vt chuyn thnh dung dch;
v d: carbonat calci b ra tri trong vi hay
phn bi axid carbonic t nc ma cha
CO2 thu c khi qua kh quyn.
2- Hn hp ca hai hay nhiu thnh phn to
thnh mt pha ng nht.
solution banding [14093]:dung dch phn di.
Trong cc khong sng urani dng np li
"Cc di mu tp trung th ct theo dng hnh
cong" (Baiby v Childers, 1977). Di mu c sc
, vng v nu g st; n c l phn nh s thay
i cht t trong thnh phn ha hc ca nc
ngm.
solution basin [14094] : bn ha tan.
St vng b mt, nng, c hnh thnh do
ha tan vt liu b mt, hoc st ln b mt do
vt liu ha tan nm di mang i, c bit xy
ra vng karst.
solution bench [14095] :
Di bng, thp c hnh thnh trn b
bin vi bi hot ng ca nc ngt.
solution breccia [14096] : dm kt do ha tan.
Dm kt trm tch do s sp hoc st l
cc loi gc cnh khng chn lc nm trn
vo bn trm tch, gy nn s ha tan cc loi
bay hi hoc vi.
solution cave [14097] : hang ha tan.
solution channel [14098] : khe rnh ha tan.
Khe rnh m rng, phng c hnh thnh
bi ha tan trong vng carbonat, thng c
dc theo khe nt v mt phn lp.
solution cleavage [14099] : th ch dung dch.
Th ch hnh thnh khi b ha tan, v d
trong vi pha bc Italia.
solution collapse [14100] : sp l ha tan.
Sp l bt ng tng khng ha tan do s
ha tan d ha tan bn di.
solution corridor [14101] : hnh lang ha tan.
Mng thng, c chiu rng khong 3m trong
vng karst.
n: karst corridor, karst street, corridor.
solution depression [14102] : trng ha tan.
Thut ng chung cho bn ha tan c trong
vng karst.
solution facet [14103] : mt ha tan.
Mt gn nh phng, c bao bi g hoc
sng cao pht trin trn cui, tng ca ha
tan nh vi bi s ha tan tng cng do
nc ma.
solution fissure [14104] : khe nt ha tan.
Cc khe nt m thng ng, rng 0,5m, b
ha tan dc theo mt tip xc, tch tng vi
thnh cc bc, h.
n: grike, cutter, kluft karren.
solution grooves [14105] : rnh ha tan.
n: karren.
solution lake [14106] : h do ha tan.
1- n: karst pond.
2- H c bn c to ra do ha tan b mt
gc.
solution mining [14107] : khai m bng
phng php ha tan.
1- S phn hy ti ch ca cc hp phn cht
khong ha tan (ha lng) trong nc ca m
qung cho php dung dch lc qua, thng l
nc, cho chy nh git xung qua qung dp
v tp trung mt ch di su. y l kiu
khai thc m bng ha hc (chemical mining).
2- Khai thc vt liu c kh nng ha tan,
c bit l mui m nm di su bng vic
bm nc qua l khoan vo thn khong to nn
mt dung dch nhn to, t ht ln ch
bin.
solution pan [14108] : h trn ha tan.
Bn trng nng, y bng phng, c cc sn
dc ng, c hnh thnh do ha tan. N c
ng knh t vi cm n vi mt. n: panhole,
etched pothole, tinajita, kamenitza.
solution pipe [14109] : ng ha tan.
H hnh xi lanh thng ng do ha tan,
thng khng l trn mt, c lp y vt liu
vn.
solution pit [14110] : kha ha tan.
Kha hnh ch V c ng knh rt nh
(khong 1 mm) c hnh thnh trn mt do
ha tan.
solution platform [14111] : nn ha tan.
B mt trn carbonat, hu nh nm ngang
nhng khng try xc, c to to nn ch
yu do ha tan c s gp sc ca phong ha, xi
580
mn do sinh vt v tch t.
n: low tide platform.
solution ripple [14112] : ha tan gn sng.
solution sinkhole [14113] : h st ha tan.
Kiu chung nht ca cc h st do ha tan
pht trin khi c cc khe nt rng kht trn,
rng to di thng nhau.
solution subsidence [14114]:st trng ha tan.
St ln t t ca cnh ng c cu to bi sosedkoite [14131] : sosedkoit.
khng ha tan do s ha tan ca nm
di.
solution valley [14115] : thung lng ha tan.
n: karst valley.
solvate [14116] : cht solvat (cht tan).
Mt hp phn ha hc va cha cht khng
tan v phn cht tan ca n, v d: sulfat calci
hydrat ha.
solvation [14117] : lm tan.
T hp ha hc phn khng tan v cht lng
tan ca n.
solvent [14118] : dung mi.
Cht lng c th ha tan cc cht khc (lng,
rn, kh).
solvus [14119] : ng tan, mt tan.
Trong mt h hai cu t l mt ng cong,
h ba cu t l mt b mt cong phn chia
trng dung dch cng ng nht c hai hoc
nhiu pha do kt ta (kt tinh) t mt th ng
nht.
sonic log [14120] : ng cong carota siu m.
ng cong carota o thi gian dch chuyn
ca sng siu m trn mt n v khong cch.
sonolite [14121] : sonolit.
Khong vt nhm humit:
Mn9(SiO4)4(OH, F)2.
sonoraite [14122] : sonorait.
Khong vt h n nghing:
Fe+3Te+4O3(OH). H2O.
sonstadt solution [14123] : dung dch
sonstadt.
Dung dch iodit thy ngn trong iodit kalli,
c dng lm dung dch nng, t trng l 3,2.
sooty chalcocite [14124] : chalcocit b hng.
n: sooty ore.
sooty ore [14125] : qung b hng.
Chalcocit, digenit, hoc djurleit dng bt,
mu en thng ph bc pyrit v cc sulphur
phn mt ca cc m ng porphyr.
n: sooty chalcocite.
sopcheite [14126] : sopcheit.
Khong vt: Ag4Pd3Te4.
sorbyite [14127] : sorbit.
Khong vt: Pb17(Sb, As)22S50.
sorensenite [14128] : sorensenit.
Khong vt: Na4Be2SnSi6O16(OH)4.
sorosilicate [14129] : silicat o kp.
Silicat c kiu cu trc c trng bi s mc
ni hai t din SiO bng mt oxy chung, vi t
l Si: O = 2: 7. Mt v d ca silicat o kp l
hemimorphit, Zn4Si2O7(OH)2. H4O.
sorting [14130] : phn loi, phn tch ht, la
chn ht.
Khong vt: (K, Na)5Al2(Ta, Nb, Sb)22O60.
soucekite [14132] : soucekit.
Khong vt nhm bournonit:
PbCuBi(S, Se, Te)3.
sound [14133] : o su.
sound rock [14134] : tt.
cng, nguyn dng cha b phong ha.
sounding depth of water [14135] : o su
nc ti im thm d.
sounding soil probe [14136] : o su v
sc khng xuyn ca t nn.
sounding rod [14137] : cn xuyn.
source [14138] : ngun.
im m ti sui nc bt u xut hin
hay chy.
source rock [14139] : m ( sinh du).
trm tch giu cht hu c c kh nng
bin i trong nhng iu kin nht nh to
thnh kh hoc du m. m cn c t nht
0,5% vt cht hu c loi II sinh du, loi III
sinh kh. m thng l st kt hoc vi.
sources of ground stress [14140] : ngun gy
ng sut trong t .
ng sut thnh phn nm ngang trong t
thng khc xa so vi tnh ton trn c s l
thuyt n hi v chiu dy lp ph. R rng
trng trng ch l mt trong nhng ngun gy
ng sut. Ngi ta cha hiu ht v ang tch
cc nghin cu mt s ngun c th khc nh
qu trnh trm tch, bin dng do, dch trt
theo mt phn lp trong qu trnh trm tch v
xm thc, tnh d hng ca , ng sut ha
thch, b mt a hnh, kin to, v.v. Chc chn
l trong cc mi trng khc nhau nh trm
tch, mc ma, bin cht,... s xy ra nhng qu
trnh khc nhau v tng ng to nn cc ch
ng sut khc nhau.
sources of ground stress: fossilized stress
resulting from denudation [14141] : ng sut
ha thch do hot ng xm thc.
Do bin dng chy do, t c v nh vn
ghi nh c nhng hiu ng cht ti trong
qu kh. Sau khi lp bng hoc t bn trn
b ra tri i, ng sut do chng to ra vn
cn tn lu li (ha thch) v gp phn to
581
nn gi tr ln ca ng sut tng theo chiu nm
ngang. Chng hn, phn ln b mt Tri t b
ph mt lp bng dy ti 1 km trong k
Pleistocene, to nn mt ng sut theo chiu
thng ngln ti 9 MPa ti y lp bng. Ti
, ng sut theo chiu nm ngang cng t ti
khong 1/4 gi tr ni trn. Khi lp bng tan,
ng sut theo chiu thng ng mt i v mt
t phng ln. Song ng sut theo chiu nm
ngang li khng d b mt i nh vy. mt s
ni, ng sut theo chiu nm ngang hin ti vn
cn ln gn vi gi tr t c khi vn cn
lp bng. iu tng t cng xy ra trong
trng hp lp t ph trn b xm thc, xi
mn, ra tri. Kt qu l nhiu khi, ng sut
chnh cc i trong t chuyn sang tc ng
theo chiu nm ngang.
sources of ground stress: effect of rock
anisotropy [14142] : nh hng ca tnh d
hng ca t ti trng thi ng sut.
Tnh d hng ca t c th l mt trong
nhng nguyn nhn khin ng sut theo chiu
nm ngang ln hn tnh ton. Amadei v Savage
(1985) kt lun l i vi phn lp, ng
sut trng trng ph thuc vo b dy ca mi
lp v s thay i cng ca chng theo
chiu su. Hu ht cc loi phn lp u c
cng theo chiu phn lp ln hn so vi
chiu vung gc vi n, v cng dn theo chiu
su.
sources of ground stress: effect of
topography [14143] : nh hng ca a hnh
ti trng thi ng sut.
Khi nng ln, b mt lc a b xm thc bi
h thng cc sng sui v cc hot ng xi
mn ca bin v bng h. Mt trong nhng tc
ng ca xm thc l gii phng ng sut theo
chiu thng ng trong khi vn lu gi ng sut
theo chiu nm ngang. Ngoi ra, do b mt a
hnh b phn ct, to ni, i, thung lng,...,
trng thi ng sut cc b cng thay i theo.
min i ni, trng ng sut gn mt t c xu
hng thay i ph hp vi cc ng ng
mc a hnh. Chng hn, trc ng sut chnh
cc i v cc tiu chuyn sang nm song song
v vung gc vi b mt sun ni. y thung
lng c th b tri ln khi o lp ph trn
lm mng p p hoc khai thc .
south African ruby [14144] : ruby Nam Phi.
n: cape ruby.
south geographic pole [14145] : cc nam a
l.
souzalite [14146] : souzalit.
Khong vt mu lc:
(Mg. Fe)3(Al, Fe)4(PO4)4(OH)6. 2H2O, cha
Fe+2 tng t gormanit.
SP [14147] : self potential (th phn cc t
nhin).
spa [14148] : ngun nc khong; c s cha
bnh bng nc khong.
n: mineral spring.
spaced cleavage [14149] : th ch trt.
Th ch dng khe h hoc khe tch trong
phin c h thy c t knh hin vi n vi
milimet.
space geology [14150] : mn hc a cht
khng gian, a cht v tr.
Nghin cu a cht ca cc thin th trong
v tr.
space group [14151] : nhm khng gian.
Tp hp cc php i xng ca mt motif
tun hon v tn trong khng gian. C 230
nhm.
space lattice [14152] : mng khng gian.
n: crystal lattice.
spacing of electroder [14153] : khong cch
gia cc in cc.
spadaite [14154] : spadait.
Khong vt: MgSiO2(OH)2. H2O. (?).
spalmandite [14155] : spalmandit.
Granat c thnh phn trung gian gia spe-
sartin v almandin; th spesartin giu st.
spandite [14156] : spandit.
Granat c thnh phn trung gian gia spe-
sartin v andradit, giu calci v st ging
spesartin.
spangolite [14157] : spangolit.
Khong vt h su phng, mu lc ti:
Cu6Al(SO4)(OH)12Cl.3H2O.
Spanish chalk [14158] : phn Ty Ban Nha.
Steatite ca vng Aragon, Ty Ban Nha.
Spanish topaz [14159] : topaz Ty Ban Nha.
1- Thch anh bt k c mu da cam, nu da
cam hoc da cam ging mu ca topaz, v d
amethyst c x l nhit.
2- Citrin mu ru vang hoc pht nu,
gp Ty Ban Nha.
spar [14160] : spat.
Thut ng dng khng r rng cho bt c
mt khong vt kt tinh no sng mu, trong
sut hoc c, thng ct khai d dng vi mt
lng bng, c bit l nhng khong vt phi kim
c gi tr, v d spat Bng o (calcit), fluospat
(fluorit), spat nng (barit) hoc l feldspar.
n: spath.
sparry [14161] : dng spat.
1- Thuc v, ging, hoc cha spat, v d,
"mch spat, nh spat".
2- Thuc v sparit, c bit m ch sch
582
tng i trong c mu cc ln mu lt mng
ca ximng calcit; cha nhiu sparit nh
spat".
sparry calcite [14162] : calcit dng spat.
Tinh th calcit sch, ht th. n: sparite.
sparry iron [14163] : st dng spat.
n: siderite.
spartalite [14164] : spartalit.
n: zincite.
spath [14165] : spat.
T c ca spar.
spathic [14166] : spatic.
Ging spat, c bit khi thy ct khai tt.
spathic iron [14167] : st spatic.
Khong vt carbonat st hai vi ct khai tt
theo hnh mt thoi, c bit l siderit.
n: spathic iron ore; spathos iron.
spathization [14168] : spat ho.
Qu trnh kt tinh rng ri cc carbonat dng
spat nh calcit, dolomit (Sander, 1951); s pht
trin cc tinh th dng spat tng i ln, c ct
khai tt.
spathose [14169] : spatos.
n: spathic.
spatial data [14170] : d liu khng gian.
Tt c cc d liu lin quan n thc th
khng gian dng biu bng. Thng thng cc
d liu ny bao gi cng phi c ta XYZ v
cc c tnh khng gian khc.
spatial dendrite [14171] : dendrit lp th.
Loi tinh th tuyt kh ging tinh th sao,
nhng cc nhnh c cu trc khng cn xng c
v ba pha thay vo hnh i xng bc su trong
tng mt phng.
spatial differentiation [14172] : php ly sai
phn.
Phng php lm sc nt ng bin (g)
nh bng cch tnh hiu ca f(x) v o hm bc
2 ca n f''(x).,.
spatial domain [14173] : min khng gian.
Min bnh thng (ca) s liu nh: cng
l hm ca ta .
spatial frequency [14174] : tn sut khng
gian.
c tnh tun hon ca nh.
spear pyrites [14175] : pyrit li mc.
Mt dng marcasit to song tinh vi gc lm
trng ging li mc.
special erosion [14176] : xi mn c bit.
Xi mn c gy nn bi cc tc nhn c
bit nh: gi, sng, bng h hoc hot ng
c s gip ca cc tc nhn "xi mn bnh
thng" (normal erosion).
species [14177] : loi, loi.
1-(cs) Mt nhm sinh vt, hoc thc vt,
hoc ng vt, c th giao phi v sinh sn ra
th h con chu c cu to, tp tnh v chc
nng ging b m. L mt n v c bn ca h
thng cp bc trong phn loi hc, loi xp k
ngay di ging. Tn loi l mt tn kp, v d:
Nuculana diversa. Ch vit tt: SP. Tt: specific;
Sn: species.
2- Mt khong vt phn bit vi cc khong
vt khc bi cc tnh cht ho l ring bit.
specific [14178] : ring hay c bit, c
trng.
Chnh xc hay c gii hn; dt: species.
specifications [14179] : c trng k thut.
specific capacity [14180] : t lu lng; lu
lng n v; lu lng ring.
Lu lng thu c t ging khi h thp mc
nc xung mt n v, bng t s gia lu
lng v h thp mc nc c biu th
bng l/s.m.
specific character [14181] : c tnh ring.
Cc c im ring bit cho php phn bit
mt loi ny vi cc loi khc.
specific discharge [14182] : modul dng chy.
Lu lng nc trn mt n v din tch lu
vc, thng c th hin bng lt/giy trn 1
kilomt vung (l/s.km2).
specific drawdown [14183] : h thp n
v; h thp ring.
h thp mc nc trong ging tng ng
vi mt n v lu lng bm ra, c biu th
bng (m.s)/l. y l i lng nghch o ca t
lu lng.
specific gravity [14184] : trng lng ring.
specific groundwater runoff [14185] : modul
dng ngm.
Lu lng nc chy qua mt n v din
tch tng cha nc hay lu vc ngm, c
biu th bng l/s.km2.
specific humidity [14186] : m ring, t
m.
Trng lng hi nc cha trong mt n v
trng lng khng kh m.
specific mineral [14187] : khong vt c
trng.
n: essential mineral.
specific refractivity [14188] : h s khc x
ring.
H s khc x ca mt cht chia cho t trng
ca n.
specific rotation [14189] : gc quay ring.
Gc quay mt phng phn cc ca nh sng
khi i qua mt cht, c o bng trn
decimet i vi cht lng v dung dch, trn
583
milimet i vi cht rn.
specific yield [14190] : nh nc.
T s gia th tch nc trng lc thot ra t
t vi th tch t cha nc, c biu sng cc phn khc nhau ca ph.
th bng n v thp phn hay %.
specimen [14191] : mu t, .
n: sample.
specimen ore [14192] : qung in hnh.
Thn qung giu mt cch c bit hoc
c kt tinh tt.
speckstone [14193] : m.
Tn gi trc y cho talc hoc steatit. T
ting c speckstein : "tht ln mui", ch
cm gic nhn khi s.
spectacle stone [14194] : knh.
n: selenite.
spectra [14195] : ph.
spectral [14196] : thuc ph, quang ph.
spectral absorptance [14197] : h s hp th
quang ph.
spectral absorption [14198] : hp th quang
ph.
spectral analysis [14199]:phn tch quang ph.
spectral band [14200] : di quang ph.
spectral line [14201] : vch quang ph.
spectral radiance [14202] : bc x ph.
K hiu N.
spectral radiant flux [14203] : dng bc x
ph.
spectral reflectance [14204] : h s phn x
ph.
spectrochemical analysis [14205] : phn tch
ha quang ph.
n: spectrum analysis.
spectrochemistry [14206]:ha hc quang ph.
spectrocolorimeter [14207]: my so mu ph.
spectrocolorimetry [14208] : php so mu
quang ph.
spectrogram [14209] : nh ph.
Bn ghi ph do ph k to ra.
spectrograph [14210] : my quang ph
(ph k).
Dng v bn hoc nh ca ph.
spectrography [14211] : php ghi ph.
K thut hoc qu trnh s dng my quang
ph chp nh ph.
spectrolite [14212] : spectrolit.
Khong vt labradorit sm mu, c hiu ng
ho mu c bit, c dng lm qu. c
tm thy Ylamaa, ng Phn Lan.
spectrometer [14213] : ph k.
My o ph.
spectrometry [14214] : php o ph.
K thut hoc qu trnh s dng ph k
rt ra cc thng s vt l ca vt liu.
spectrophotometer [14215] : ph quang k.
Dng c o v so snh cng ca nh
spectrophotometry [14216] : php ph
quang k.
K thut hoc qu trnh vn hnh php o
trn ph quang k.
specularite [14217] : specularit.
Hematit mu en n xm, c nh kim mnh,
lng lnh, nh cu vng, thng gp dng
khi vy ging mica, hoc tinh th hnh tm,
hnh a. n: specular iron; gray hematite; iron
glance.
speculative resources [14218] : ti nguyn
suy on.
Ti nguyn khong sn cha c pht hin
nhng c th c trong vng c v tr a cht
thun li, cha c nghin cu hoc nhng
kiu khong cha tm thy nhng c tha
nhn l c th c mt.
speisscobalt [14219] : speiscobalt.
n: smaltite.
speleogen [14220] : c ngun gc hang ng.
Trong hang c nhng b mt bt k c to
nn do ha tan nh : dim , ch nh, vm
kha, v.v.
speleogenesis [14221] : qu trnh to hang.
speleologist [14222] : nh hang ng hc.
speleology [14223] : mn hc v hang ng.
speleothem [14224] : trm tch hang ng.
Trm tch th sinh c to ra trong hang do
hot ng ca nc.
n: cave formation; formation.
spelunking [14225] : sp hang, thnh to hang
ng.
n: caving.
spencerite [14226] : spencerit.
1- Khong vt h n nghing, mu trng
ngc trai: Zn4(PO4)2(OH)2.3H2O.
2- Cht nhn to: (Fe, Mn)3(C, Si).
spencite [14227] : spencit.
n: tritomite-Y.
speologist [14228] : nh hang ng hc.
Thut ng khng thng dng.
n: speleologist.
speology [14229] : mn hc v hang ng.
Thut ng khng thng dng.
n: speleology.
sperrylite [14230] : sperylit.
Khong vt ng hng mu trng thic:
PtAs2.
spertiniite [14231] : spertinit.
Khong vt: Cu (OH)2.
584
 spessartine [14232] : spesartin.
Khong vt mangan-nhm, nhm granat:
Mn3Al2(SiO4)3, mu nu n nu vng,
thng cha mt lng nh st, magnesi, v cc
nguyn t khc. Spesartin kh him, thng gp
trong pecmatit v granit. n: spessartite.
spessartite [14233] : spesartit.
n: spessartine.
sphaerite [14234] : sphaerit.
Khong vt mu xm sng n pht lam l
phosphat nhm ngm nc dng kt hch cu
nh. C l l variscit. Cng vit l: spherite.
sphaerocobaltite [14235] : sphaerocobaltit.
n: spherocobaltite.
sphaerosiderite [14236] : sphaerosiderit.
n: spherosiderite.
sphalerite [14237] : sphalerit.
Khong vt ng hng mu vng nu n
en: (Zn, Fe)S. Lng hnh vi wurtzit, thng
cha mangan, arsen, cadmi, v cc nguyn t
khc. Sphalerit ct khai hon ton theo mi hai
mt thoi, nh nha n kim cng, l qung ph
bin ca km, thng cng sinh vi galen.
n: blende; zinc blende; jack; blackjack;
steel jack; false galena; pseudogalena; mock
ore; mock lead.
sphene [14238] : sphen.
Khong vt mu vng n nu: CaTiSiO5,
thng cha cc nguyn t khc nh niobi,
crom, fluo, natri, st, mangan, natri, tinh th
hnh nm, hnh thoi, l khong vt ph trong
granit v bin cht giu calci. n: titanite;
grothite.
sphenoid [14239] : hnh hai mt.
Hnh n tinh th m gm hai mt khng
song song, thuc i xng trc bc hai, h n
nghing (lp i xng trc h n nghing).
Ss: dome, disphenoid.
sphenoidal class [14240] : lp hai mt.
Lp tinh th h trc thoi c mt trc i
xng bc hai.
spherical coordinates [14241] : ta cu.
1- Ba to th hin mt khong cch v hai
gc trong khng gian, gm hai to cc trong
mt mt phng v gc gia mt ny vi mt mt
c nh v cha trc nh hng nguyn spindle stage [14251] : b con sut.
thu (trc cc). Thut ng bao gm cc to
trn mt mt cu bt k hoc mt mt gn vi
mt cu (nh mt Tri t).
2- H cc ta cc, trong gc nm
tm cu v tt c cc im nm trn mt cu. H
to c dng xc nh v tr ca mt c thay th mt phn bi st hai, nhm bi st
im vi s tr gip ca hai vng trn ln to
nn mt cp trc (nh kinh tuyn v v tuyn)
vung gc vi nhau hoc vi s tr gip ca tm
gc v mt vng trn ln i qua im.
spherite [14242] : spherit.
n: sphaerite.
spherocobaltite [14243] : spherocobaltit.
Khong vt mu hoa o thuc nhm
calcit: CoCO3, gp dng khi cu. Cng vit l
sphaerocobaltite. n: cobaltocalcite.
spheroidal jointing [14244] : nt n hnh cu.
n: spheroidal weathering.
spheroidal symmetry [14245] : i xng hai
mt.
n: axial symmetry.
spheroidal weathering [14246] : phong ha
hnh cu.
Mt dng phong ha lm bc tch cc lp
sm mu thnh cc lp v dng hnh cu ng
tm bao bc xung quanh phn cha b phong
ha, rt d nhm vi kt hch. Phong ha hnh
cu c xp vo loi phong ha ha hc, phong
ha vt l, ch yu do nc thm vo khe nt
di s thay i nhit , s gin n ca
khng u lm b tch ra cc lp v hnh cu
c ng knh t nh n 2 m. Khi b phong
ha hnh cu vi nhng v nt ra trng nh
bng hoa gi l hoa . Trong qu trnh ph hy
ra tri tip theo, phn v hnh cu b ph
hy ch li li , trng nh ht cui, tng
kh trn, d ln vi cui do bo mn trn ng
di chuyn. n: onion-skin weathering,
concentric weathering, spherical weathering.
spherophyre [14247] : dng cu.
magma c nhng ban tinh tp hp li
di dng ht cu trn (Obsolete).
spherosiderit [14248] : siderit hnh cu.
S a dng ca siderit hnh thnh trong t
hp kt hch hnh cu ca cc tinh th ging
phin l ta tia t nhin, thng l trong nn st
(nh trong hoc bn di lp st lt di t hp
vi cc va than). Xut hin do phong ha ca
cc trm tch.
spillway [14249] : ng x l, knh x l ca
h cha.
spinach jade [14250] : jad spinach.
Nephrit mu lc.
B mt trc ca knh hin vi gm mt hp
nh cha y dung dch. Tinh th c nhn
chm trong . B c th quay 180o.
spinel [14252] : spinel.
1- Khong vt: MgAl2O4, magnesi c th
ba. Spinel c cng ln, thng to tinh th
hnh tm mt (h lp phng), mu thay i
585
rng (t khng mu n ta, lc, vng ti
en) c s dng lm ngc. Spinel l sn
phm in hnh ca bin cht tip xc ca
vi nhim dolomit. t gp hn l khong vt ph
trong xm nhp baz. Thng gp trong trm
tch aluvi.
2- Nhm khong vt c cng thc tng qut
l AB2O4. A l Mg, Fe+2, Fe +3, Zn, Mn hoc t
hp ca chng, B l Al, Fe +3, Fe+2 hoc Cr, c
bit l dy ng hnh ca cc oxid (Mg, Fe, Zn,
Mn)Al2O4, bao gm spinel, hercynit, gahnit v
galacid.
3- Thnh vin ca nhm hoc dy spinel.
4- Cht (nh sulphur) c cng thc v cu
trc tinh th tng t vi spinel.
5- Cht nhn to, ging khong vt spinel,
c dng lm ngc, cht chu la hoc gi
t thit b (ferrospinel). Cng vit l: spinelle,
spinell. n: spinelite.
spinel ruby [14253] : spinel ruby.
Ngc spinel mu m. Thut ng trn i
khi c dng khng thch hp ch rubi
spinel tng hp.
spinel twin law [14254]: lut song tinh spinel.
Lut song tinh trong tinh th h lp phng
v d spinel, c trc song tinh l trc bc ba vi
mt song tinh l mt trong nhng mt ca hnh
tm mt.
spinellid [14255] : spinelid.
Khong vt thuc nhm spinel.
spinellide [14256] : spinelide.
Tn dng cho nhm spinel.
spinellite [14257] : spinelit.
magma giu magnetit cha Ti, ht trung
bnh n ln, bn t hnh c ti 20% spinel.
ng hn nn gi l spinel-magnetit (hoc
spinel-Kirunavaarit) (Johannen, 1938).
spin-magnetic resonance [14258] : cng
hng t (dng trong my o d thng t).
spionkopite [14259] : spionkopit.
Khong vt h su phng: Cu39S28.
Spionkopit v yarovit trc y c coi l
blaubleibend covelit".
spiral garnet [14260] : granat quay.
n: rotated garnet.
spiral granat [14261] : granat xon.
spiral growth [14262] : sinh trng xon.
S sinh trng tinh th dc theo bin dng
xon, c th dn n sinh trng o trn b
mt tinh th.
spiralium [14263] : b tay xon.
Mt i tay dng di bng xon li, bng
cht vi, ly phn xon ca th lc hay tay
th lc xon.
spire [14264] : on vng xon, b tay xon,
dng khun xon.
Phn trn (pha nh) ca mt v Chn bng
cun xon, khng k vng cha thn cui cng;
b tay xon Tay cun; dng vi khun cun
xon.
spiriferoid [14265] : Spiriferida.
Tay cun c khp thuc mt b gm cc i
biu c mt b tay cun xon v mt b v cong
li hai bn, him khi phng-li. Tui: Orovic
gia-Jura.
spiroffite [14266] : spirofit.
Khong vt h n nghing, mu n ta:
(Mn, Zn)2Te3O8.
spirogyrate [14267] : cun xon.
Ni v nh ca Thn mm hai mnh cun
xon t mt phng i xng ra pha ngoi.
spirolophe [14268] : th lc c tay xon.
Th lc Tay cun c tay cun xon mang
mt hng phn ph kp dng si.
spit [14269] : doi ct.
Bi ct cch b bi mt lch nc.
splash cup [14270] : cc bn te.
Vt lm nh ca mng .
splash erosion [14271] : xi mn bn te.
S di chuyn v vn ng ca cc ht di
tc ng ca cc git ma ri.
splash zone [14272] : i bn te.
Phm vi ng b chu tc ng ca nc
bn te t cc sng b v.
splay [14273] : l lt m rng.
n: flood-plain splay.
splay fault [14274] : t gy gip, t gy
nhnh.
t gy nh, to thnh nhm tch ra t t
gy chnh lm cho t gy chnh c m rng
phm vi nh hng phn tn cng ca n, ni
xut hin cc t gy.
splaying out [14275] : phn nhnh m rng
phm vi t gy.
S m rng phn nhnh ca mt t gy
chnh thnh mt s t gy nh, ph phn tn
cng ca t gy chnh.
splendent luster [14276] : nh kim.
nh khong vt c cng mnh nht.
splintery fracture [14277] : vt v v bo.
Tnh cht ca mt khong vt hoc v
thnh cc mnh ko di nh v bo.
split fault [14278] : t gy thun tch.
t gy thun km theo hin tng tch v.
split spoon [14279] : dng c ly mu.
n: sampler.
spodiosite [14280] : spodiosit.
Khong vt cn nghi ng v bn cht:
586
Ca2(PO4)F.
spodumene [14281] : spodumen.
Khong vt nhm pyroxen h n nghing:
LiAlSi2O6, thng to thnh tinh th lng tr
mu trng n lc, c kch thc ln c bit
trong pegmatit granit, l qung ca lithi.
X: kunzite, hiddenite. n: triphane.
spoil [14282] : ph thi t h o, mn khoan.
n: muck.
spoil bank [14283] : bi thi.
spondylium [14284] : phin tha.
Mt phin hnh tha c bm vo v to
ch cho mt trng c bng phn di ca
mnh bng Tay cun, gm cc phin rng
nhng giai on trng thnh khc nhau, thng
c mt vch gia.
spondylium duplex [14285] : phin tha kp.
Mt phin tha do s hi t cc phin rng
to thnh v c pha bng bi mt vch
gia pht trin khc nhau.
sponge [14286] : Bt bin (Porifera).
ng vt khng xng sng thu sinh a
bo, thuc mt ngnh c trng bng khung
xng trong, thng bng cht silic-opal v t
hn bng carbonat calci. Tui: Tin Cambri
n nay.
n: poriferan.
spongework cave [14287] : hang ngch thng.
Hang gm cc ngch khng u thng nhau.
spongy [14288] : m t.
spontaneous fission [14289] : phn r t
ng, phn r khng kch thch.
Mt hnh thc phn r phng x trong
nhn ca mt nguyn t nng sinh ra 2 sn
phm phn r v nhiu ntron. V d: 238U v
244
Pu.
spontaneous fission dating [14290] : php
nh tui phn r khng kch thch.
Phng php xc nh tui tnh bng s nm
ca cc khong vt urani da trn t s phn r
t nhin bit ca 238U trn xenon.
spontaneous flosion track dating [14291] :
xc nh tui theo du vt phn r t ng.
Phng php tnh tui da trn c s xc
nh t s mt du vt phn r t ng trn
cc du vt phn r. Cn gi l fission track
dating.
spontaneous polarization [14292] : phn cc
khng kch thch.
S pht trin tnh d bit v th tnh in gia
cc im ca Tri t do cc phn ng ha hc,
s khc nhau v nng ha tan hoc do
chuyn ng ca cc dng cht liu i qua cc
l rng.
spontaneous polarization method [14293] :
phng php in trng thin nhin, phng
php phn cc.
spontaneous potential curve [14294] : ng
cong th t nhin.
spoon sampler [14295] : dng c ly mu,
tha ly mu.
sporae dispersae [14296] : bo t phn hoa
phn tn.
Cc ht phn v bo t thu thp c qua
vic ngm mn mu , tri li vi th m ta ly
t trong ti phn.
sporal [14297] : bo t.
Thuc v dng c c im ring ca mt
bo t. Thut ng ny t c dng trong bo t
phn hoa hc.
sporangiospore [14298] : bo t t ti bo t.
Mt bo t c sinh ra t ti bo t. Thut
ng ny t c dng trong bo t phn hoa hc.
sporangite [14299] : bo t ha thch.
Mt bo t ha thch ca mt loi cy.
Thut ng ny t c dng trong bo t phn
hoa hc.
sporangium [14300] : ti bo t.
C quan, trong cc bo t c sn sinh,
v d c quan ca cy c phi cha cc bo t
c sinh ra, nh ti phn ca thc vt Ht trn,
bao phn ca thc vt Ht kn. Sn: sporangia.
n: spore case.
spore [14301] : bo t.
Th sinh sn n bo nh hoc t bo thng
thch nghi tn ti trong cc iu kin mi
trng khng thun li v c th pht trin c
lp thnh mt sinh vt mi, trc tip nu l v
tnh, hoc sau khi kt hp vi mt bo t khc
nu l hu tnh. Thng tm thy di dng ha
thch t Silur n nay.
spore case [14302] : ti bo t.
X: sporangium.
spore coat [14303] : vch bo t phn hoa.
X: sporoderm.
spore mother cell [14304] : t bo bo t m.
T bo m trong ti bo t c thc vt
mang bo t (nh bao phn ca thc vt Ht kn,
hoc ti phn ca nhng cy c ht khc) sn
sinh ra b bn bo t c n. n: sporocyte.
sporocyte [14305] : t bo bo t m.
n: spore mother cell.
sporoderm [14306] : vch bo t phn hoa.
Vch ca mt bo t hay ht phn thng
c cu to bi mt lp mng trong v mt lp
mng ngoi, thnh thong c mt s bo t phn
hoa cn c lp th ba ngoi mng ngoi gi l
v ngoi. n: spore coat.
587
 sporogenous [14307] : bo t sinh.
Sn sinh ra hoc thch nghi vi s sinh sn
bo t hoc do bo t sinh ra, v d "m bo t
sinh" ti bo t, t ny sinh t bo bo t
m.
sporologic [14308] : bo t phn hoa hc.
Thuc v mn bo t phn hoa hc. Thut
ng ny i khi c dng nh mt t ng
ngha ca thut ng ph bin hn, l
"palynologic".
sporomorph [14309] : dng bo t.
Mt ht phn hoc bo t ha thch.
sporophitic [14310] : kin trc ophit.
Tn gi khc ca kin trc ophit trong
magma, nhng tinh th pyroxen ln nm gia
cc tinh th plagioclas t hnh hn v nhiu hn
(Walker, 1957). Ss: poikilophitic, hyalopilitic.
sporophyll [14311] : l mang bo t.
Mt loi l mang bo t, thng c cu to b
bin ci t nhiu, nh cy c ht.
sporophyte [14312] : th bo t.
Th h c th hoc v tnh ca thc vt sn
sinh ra bo t, chng hn th h lng bi ca
mt cy c phi, sinh ra bng s ghp non vi
tinh t ng thc vt mch h ng, hoc s
ghp nhn non vi nhn tinh t do phn cy
c ht sinh ra.
sporopollenin [14313] : cht v bo t phn
hoa.
Cht hu c rt bn v chu nhit to nn
mng ngoi ca bo t v phn hoa, v lm cho
cc dng bo t bn vng tri qua thi gian a
cht v ch b ph hy bi s oxy ha. Thnh
phn cu trc ng ca n n nay cha c
r. Cn vit l: poropollenine.
SPOT [14314] : SPOT.
H thng v tinh nhn to ca cc nc ty
u (Php), bay cao 825 km, chp nh c
chnh xc cao (20m i vi nh a ph v
10m i vi nh ton sc).
spotted slate [14315] : phin st m vt.
Trong phin st xut hin nhiu vt sn,
vt m do pht trin cc ban bin tinh trong
phn ng bin cht tip xc cng thp n
trung bnh.
spout [14316] : ct nc; phun nc lin tc
hoc theo chu k; chy nc xung mc thp
hn.
spread footing [14317] : mng bng.
spreading [14318] : trn, loang, b te ra.
Mt dng ph hy t, (ch yu t).
spreading concept [14319] : tch gin y
i dng.
n: sea-floor spreading.
spreading floor hypothesis [14320] : tch
gin y i dng.
n: sea-floor spreading.
spread stone [14321] : bt.
Kim cng ct kiu trn c mt bn ln v
chp ngn.
spring [14322] : mch nc.
Ni xut l t nhin ca nc di t ln
mt t hoc y sng h.
spring-fed lake [14323] : h do mch nc
ngm cung cp.
n: spring lake.
spring lake [14324] : h do mch nc ngm
cung cp.
H c hnh thnh do nc t cc mch l
ven b hay mch n di y cung cp.
n: limnokrene; spring-fed lake.
spring line [14325] : ng xut l mch
nc.
(cthv) ng ct nhau gia gng nc
di t v mt t, ti nc xut l, v d
nh ti chn ca mt vt l dng ng.
spring mound [14326] : g mch n.
G c hnh thnh do s tch t vt cht t
cc mch nc n ln.
spring neck [14327] : mng nc mch.
Nhng mng nh di, rng khong 60-
90cm, su mt vi mt to ra do nc thm t
cc mch l ngoi ra h cn vo trung tm h.
spring pit [14328] : h mch n.
H nh trong ct bi bin c hnh thnh do
nc mch n ln, c c trng bi ct th
trung tm v ct mn hn xung quanh.
spring pot [14329] : h nc mch.
H nng c to nn ra y h hi t
nc ma hoc h cn hin i do mch l.
spring tapping [14330] : khai dn mch nc.
Khi thng mch l v dn nc theo ng
ng hoc knh mng v ni tiu th.
spring tide [14331] : triu sc vng, triu ln.
Nc triu dng ln nht vo k trng trn v
trng non.
sprinkler [14332] : thit b phun.
spruit [14333] : sui nh.
Thut ng dng bc v ng chu Phi ch
sui nh.
spud (as in "spudded barge") [14334] :
mng cc ln, mng dn khoan du kh ngoi
khi; dn khoan.
spur [14335] : nhnh, mch ni ngang.
1- Mch nh phn nhnh t mt mch chnh.
2- Sng ni ph nh ra t nh hoc sn
ni, i hoc mt ni cao khc; i nh ko di
t di i hoc ni chnh. n: prong;
588
 3- Mch ni khc un ca sng.
n: meander spur.
spurrite [14336] : spurit.
Khong vt mu trng xm: Ca5(SiO4)2(CO3).
squamula [14337] : vy nh.
Mt phin nh nh gn ngang t thnh ca
San h Tabulata n th v pha trc, nh
ging Emmonsia.
srilankite [14338] : srilankit.
Khong vt: (Zr,Ti)O2 hoc ZrTi2O6.
stabilised soil [14339] : t n nh, t
c gia c.
t c gia c thm cht dnh kt lm tng
sc bn ca n. Cht dnh kt c th l xi mng,
bitum, nha, cao su hoc loi t n nh hn.
stability [14340] : n nh.
Trong nhit ng hc, mt trng thi cn
bng, h c khuynh hng chuyn bin t
mt trng thi khc di nhng iu kin bn
ngoi n nh.
Do khng bao gi c th xc nh mt trng
thi thun nghch d cho n gin ho, s n
nh cng ch l mang tnh tng i.
stability analysis [14341] : phn tch n nh.
stability analysis by method of slices
[14342]: Phn tch n nh mi dc bng
phng php lt ct.
stability factor (Terzaghi) [14343] : h s n
nh (Terzaghi).
stability field [14344] : trng n nh.
Gii hn ca cc iu kin sao cho trong gii
hn , mt khong vt hay mt tp hp khong
vt tn ti n nh.
stability number (Taylor) [14345] : h s n
nh (Taylor).
stability series [14346] : lot n nh.
L nhm khong vt sp xp theo tn ti
n nh theo mt trt t trong thin nhin, ngha
l chng c kh nng khc nhau trnh khi mi
s phn hy (nh phong ha, bo mn khi di
chuyn v s ha tan sau thnh to) theo mt
trt t nht nh (Goldich, 1938). V d olivin
(km bn vng nht), ogit, hornblend v cui
cng l biotit (n nh nht). Cc khong vt n
nh (bn) nht c kh nng cn bng vi cc
iu kin trn b mt Tri t.
stabilization [14347] : cng tc gia c, cng
tc x l (nn t, mi dc).
stabilize [14348] : gia c t nn, x l t
nn.
stabilizing agent [14349] : cht lm cng (nn
t, mi dc).
stabilizing berm [14350] : b phn p.
n: loading berm.
stabilizer [14351] : cht gia c.
stable equilibrium [14352] : cn bng bn.
Trng thi cn bng ca vt th ging nh
qu lc, c khuynh hng ko v trng thi ban
u sau khi chuyn v.
stable isotope [14353] : ng v bn.
Cht ng v khng cn kh nng phn hy
phng x na.
stack [14354] : tn d bc mn.
Khi c sn dc, ni cao hn tt c cc
sn hoc i bao quanh.
stack deposit [14355] :
M uranni hnh dng khng n nh, i km
vi trm tch nh hng v "thng c khng
ch bi cu trc".
staffelite [14356] : stafelit.
n: carbonate-fluorapatite.
stage [14357] : bc; giai on, thi k; bn,
b.
1-(t) Bc l phn v thi a tng quc t
cp thp hn thng, ng vi phn v k ca a
thi. Bc thng ng vai tr quan trng trong
i snh v phn chia a tng mt khu vc rng
ln mc d v l thuyt bc c ngha ton cu.
Bc c mt ct chun, c ranh gii r rng v
c nh tui bng cc phc h ha thch c
trng hoc sinh i. Trong mt s trng hp c
th c lin bc hoc phn bc. Bc c t tn
theo a danh c chun a tng (stratotyp); Giai
on, thi k l thi gian a cht hnh thnh
mt h tng, mt phc h,... s dng khng
chnh thc.
2- Bn hay b, dng c quang hc s dng
trong knh hin vi hoc tng t, l mt phng
nh t i tng nghin cu.
stage-capacity curve [14358] : ng cong
tr lng-mc nc.
th m t mi quan h gia s dng ln
ca mt nc v th tch nc trong h cha.
stage-discharge curve [14359] : ng cong
lu lng- mc nc.
th m t mi quan h gia cao o v
lu lng nc chy, biu din bng th tch
trn mt n v thi gian.
stage flotation [14360] : tuyn ni theo giai
on.
stages of geological assessment [14361] : cc
giai on nh gi a cht; cc giai on
nghin cu a cht.
stained stone [14362] : nhum mu.
ngc c mu c thay i bng cch
dng cht to mu, v d: nhum, tm mt cht
no nh ng chng hn. Sau x l ho
hc hoc nhit to ra mt mu c nh, v d:
589
chalcedon mu lc.
stainierite [14363] : stainierit.
n: heterogenite.
stalagmite [14364] : mng .
Trm tch hang ng dng nn hoc dng xi
lanh mc ln t y hang do hot ng nh git
ca nc. N thng gm calcit, cng c th
gm cc khong vt khc.
stamen [14365] : nh.
C quan ca hoa sinh ra phn hoa.
staminate [14366] : c nh.
Ni v loi hoa c nh, nhng khng c
nhy.
standard compaction [14367] : th nghim
m cht tiu chun.
standard deviation map [14368] : bn
lch chun.
Bn bin i thng ng, hay bn
momen, nu ln mc phn tn thng k ca
mt loi (trong mt n v a tng cho
trc) xung quanh v tr trung bnh ca n v
ny.
standard errors [14369] : sai s chun, qun
phng.
i vi mt tp hp mu Xi, i=1..n bin
phn c xc nh bng cng thc:
1 N 2 2
E= X i X . Khong vt: Cu5(Fe,Zn)2SnS8.
N( N 1) i = 1
i vi mt tp hp nhm mu Xi, i=1..n
bin phn c xc nh bng cng thc:
1 N 2 2
E= X i X .
N i =1
standard mean ocean water (SMOW)
[14370] : tiu chun trung bnh nc i
dng.
Hm lng trung bnh ca teri v oxy-18
trong nc ca nm i dng th gii c
dng lm chun so snh vi hm lng ca
cc ng v ny trong nhng mu nc cn
nghin cu, vi mc ch xc nh tui v
ngun gc ca nc. Thng c vit tt
l SMOW.
standard mineral [14371] : khong vt chun.
standard penetration resistance (N value)
[14372] : sc khng xuyn ng tiu chun (tr
s N).
standard penetration test (S.P.T.) [14373] :
th nghim xuyn ng tiu chun.
standard section [14374] : mt ct tiu chun.
Mt ct th hin y nht trt t ca tt c
cc lp trong vng mt cch chnh xc do to
c chun mc i snh. Mt ct tiu chun
c gi tr b sung v i khi thay th chun a
tng (stratotyp), c bit l i vi cc phn v
thi a tng.
standard zone [14375] : i chun.
Mt i a tng c xy dng trn mt mt
ct chun, vi nhng lp nht nh phong ph
ha thch c trng. y ca lp phong ph ha
thch c trng thp nht l y ca i, phn
cao nht ca i thng khng c xc nh r
rng. i c t tn theo tn ha thch c
trng nht, ph bin nht.
standpipe [14376] : ng o mc nc ngm.
stanfieldite [14377] : stanfieldit.
Khong vt thin thch:
Ca4(Mg, Fe, Mn)5(PO4)6.
stanleyite [14378] : stanleyit.
Khong vt: VOSO4. 6H2O.
stanniferous [14379] : cha thic.
C cha thic, v d qung thic (stanni-
ferous ore).
stannite [14380] : stanit.
1- Khong vt h bn phng mu xm thp
n en st. Km thng thay th st, nh kim.
Stanit thng gp dng khi ht trong cc
mch cha thic, cng sinh vi casiterit.
n: tin pyrites, bell-metal ore.
2- casiterit khng sch.
stannoidite [14381] : stanoidit.
stannopalladinite [14382] : stanopaladinit.
Khong vt: Pd3Sn2.
stantienite [14383] : stantienit.
Nha mu en c cha hm lng oxy rt
cao (23%). n: black amber.
star [14384] : sao.
1- Hnh to tia trong tinh th gm hai hoc
nhiu hn cc di nh sng ct cho nhau mt
tm sng, c quan st r khi chiu lung nh
sng mnh. L hin tng quang hc, gy nn
bi s phn x nh sng t cc bao th v tr
thnh cc ng thanh nt khi vt liu ngc
c mi khum. Sao thng c 4, 6 hoc 12
cnh nhng cng c sao gm 3, 5, 7 hoc 9
cnh, do khng c bao th mt phn ca .
n: asterism.
2- qu c hin tng sao.
3- Mt sao.
4- Ct kiu sao. Tnh t ch tinh th, khong
vt hoc ngc c hin tng sao, v d m
no sao . n: asteristed.
star cut [14385] : ct kiu sao; mi gic hnh
cnh sao.
1- Thut ng tng qut ch bt c vin
ngc no c ct kiu trn, kim cng c chp
gm nhng mt to hiu ng sao khi nhn t trn
590
xung. n: star.
2- Thut ng ch vin ngc c mi gic c
hnh cnh sao.
star facet [14386] : mt sao.
Mt trong tm mt tam gic gia cc mt vt
chnh bao quanh mt bn trong cc vin ngc
ch tc kiu trn kim cng. n: star.
staringite [14387] : staringit.
Khong vt:
(Fe,Mn)x(Nb,Ta)2x(Sn,Ti)6-3xO12.
starkeyite [14388] : starkeyit.
Khong vt: MgSO4.4H2O. n: leohardtite.
star quartz [14389] : thch anh sao.
Thch anh cha cc tinh th khng mu hoc
mu trng xp xp to tia kiu sao dc theo cc
mt phng xuyn tm. Hiu ng sao gy ra do
cc bao th c hin vi ca mt s khong vt
phn b theo cc hng song song.
star ruby [14390] : ruby sao.
Rubi bn trong sut n bn thu quang
thng c sao su cnh.
star sapphire [14391] : saphir sao.
Saphir bn trong sut n bn thu quang vi
sao su cnh to bi cc bao th c hin vi. V
d cc tinh th hnh kim rutil nh hng theo
cc hng khc nhau trong vin . n: asteria.
star stone [14392] : sao.
1- c sao, c bit l saphir sao.
2- Khng chnh xc lm khi ch bt c
no c sao, thm ch bao gm c g ho cha
nhng hnh ging sao nhng phn c trong
cao hn.
stassfurtite [14393] : stasfurtit.
Boracit dng khi Stassfurt, c, i khi c
cu to dng khi tr, b ngoi ging hoa
trng ht mn.
state of equilibrium [14394] : trng thi
cn bng.
static loading test [14395] : th nghim nn.
Th nghim nn tnh cc hoc bn nn.
static pressure [14396] : p sut tnh.
p sut t mc cc i.
static reserves [14397] : tr lng tnh.
(cthv) Th tch nc trng lc tn ti trong
cc l hng v khe nt ca t . i vi tng
cha nc khng p (nc ngm), tr lng tnh
bao gm c phn nc nm di mc dao ng
t nhin ca tng cha nc v phn nc nm
trong i dao ng t nhin (gi l tr lng
iu tit). i vi tng cha nc c p, tr
lng tnh ngoi th tch nc trng lc cn c
phn tr lng n hi, tc l th tch nc thu
c khi h thp ct p lc trn mi tng cha
nc do tnh n hi ca nc.
static sounding [14398] : xuyn tnh CPT.
n: seaticatic penetration.
static water level [14399] : mc nc tnh
(mc thy tnh).
Mc nc ca mt tng cha nc trong iu
kin t nhin, khng thay i do tc ng nhn
to nh bm th nghim, khai thc nc, tho
kh (h thp mc nc) hay b sung nhn to
nc di t (dng cao mc nc).
station location [14400] : v tr i pht.
Dng trong phng php thm d a vt l
tn s thp.
statistical analysis [14401]:phn tch thng k.
statistical model [14402] : m hnh ton
thng k.
statistics [14403] : s thng k, thng k.
c trng ca tp hp cc quan trc. Mi
hm t(x1,x2,...,xn) ca cc kt qu quan trc
x1,x2...,xn u c gi l thng k. Khi chn
cc thng k nghin cu, cn ch n cc
tnh cht ca chng, c bit cc thng k y c
, khng chch, vng v hiu qu hay khng.
staurolite [14404] : staurolit.
Khong vt h trc thoi mu nu n en:
(Fe,Mg)2Al9Si4O23(OH). Tinh th thng to
song tinh trng ging cy thnh gi (lng tr su
mt ct nhau 60-90o). l hp phn c trng ca
mt s nh phin, mica v gneis bin cht
trung bnh.
n: staurotide; cross stone; grenatite; fairy
stone.
stauroscope [14405] : stauroscop, knh phn
cc.
Knh phn cc, dng xc nh v tr ca
hnh chiu mt phng dao ng trong tinh th
nhm o chnh xc gc tt.
staurotide [14406] : staurotit.
n: staurolite.
steacyite [14407] : steacyit.
Khong vt, u tin c m t vi tn l
eakenit: Th(Na, Ca) (K1-x x)Si8O20.
steady state [14408] : trng thi n nh lu
di, trng thi c nh, thng xuyn.
steam hammer [14409] : ba hi ng cc.
steatite talc [14410] : talc steatit.
Talc kh sch, cht lng cao, thch hp lm
tm cch in. y l th talc thng phm tinh
khit nht. n: steatite.
S-tectonite [14411] : S-tectonit.
Kiu bin dng ca , t th c th xc
nh c mt S bin dng.
steel galena [14412] : galen thp.
Galen c kin trc ht mn, sn phm ca
bin dng c hc hoc bt u bin i thnh
591
anglesit.
steel jack [14413] : jack thp.
n: sphalerite.
steel pile [14414] : cc thp.
steenstrupine [14415] : stenstrupin.
Khong vt h su phng, mu nu ti n
en: (Ce,La,Na,Mn)6(Si,P)6O18(OH).
steigerite [14416] : steigerit.
Khong vt mu vng nht: AlVO4.3H2O.
stellar crystal [14417] : tinh th sao.
Mt kiu tinh th tuyt rt p v ph bin,
c hnh sao phng su cnh vi cc cnh rc ri.
Ss: spatial dendrite.
stellate [14418] : hnh sao.
Tp hp tinh th sp xp nh hnh sao. V d
tp hp ca wavellite.
stellerite [14419] : stelerit.
Khong vt zeolit h trc thoi:
CaAl2Si7O18.7H2O. l mt th stilbit.
STEM [14420] : knh hin vi in t qut.
T vit tt ca: scanning transmission electron
microscope- knh hin vi in t qut xuyn qua.
stenhuggarite [14421] : stenhugarit.
Khong vt h bn phng mu vng sng:
Ca2Fe+22Sb+52(As+3O3)4O3.
stenolaemate [14422] : Mi
(Stenolaemata).
ng vt dng Ru thuc mt lp c trng
bng cc qun th to nn bi cc c th dng
ng di.
stenonite [14423] : stenonit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
(Sr, Ba, Na)2 Al(CO3)F5.
stenosiphonate [14424] : c siphon hp.
Ni v cc Chn u Nautiloidea c ng
siphon tng i hp.
step [14425] : bc, mt nghing.
1- on gn nm ngang khng phi l vnh
cu, tch t mt bi, mt v pha bin ca ng
b triu kit. Trong nhiu trng hp bc c
to ra do c mt trm tch vn th (nh cui trn
bi bin ct). n: toe;
2- Mt nghing dc xung t ngt gm ct
th hoc cui nh du im v ca cc sng
nh v sng lng thng th trong ma h;
3- Mt thm canhon (canyon bench) c
m rng do xi mn;
4- a hnh dng bc trn sn i hoc sn
thung lng.
stepanovite [14426] : stepanovit.
Khong vt oxalat:
NaMgFe+3(C2O4)3.8-9H2O.
Ss: zhemchuzhnikovite.
step cut [14427] : kiu ct bc thang.
Mt kiu ch tc c s dng rng ri cho
mu gm nhng mt bn cnh di, hp, xp
thnh dy song song vi cnh v gim dn chiu
di c v pha trn ln pha di khi xa dn mp,
to thnh cc bc. S lng bc c th khc
nhau, thng l ba m v chp. S khc
nhau v hnh dng ca cc bc to nn kiu
dng vin ngc, v d ct bc thang ch nht,
ct bc thang vung. n: trap cut.
step delta [14428] : bc delta.
Lot cc delta c hnh thnh do s thay i
mc nc xen k, delta cao nht l delta c nht.
step-drawdown test [14429] : th nghim ht
nc theo tng nc.
S th nghim ht nc trong mt ging
khoan vi cc lu lng khc nhau trong tng
ln ht nhng c nh.
Stephanian [14430] : Stephan.
Bc chu u, Carbon thng (tng ng
Pensylvania thng; trn Westphal, di Asseli-
Sakmari ca Permi).
stephanite [14431] : stephanit.
Khong vt h trc thoi mu en st:
Ag5SbS4. l qung ca bc. n: brittle silver
ore; black silver; goldschmidtine.
hp step lake [14432] : bc h.
Cc h chim ch cc bn trn bc thang
bng h.
stepped plain [14433] : ng bng phn bc.
step tablet [14434] : nm bc thu quang.
n: step wedge.
step terrace [14435] : rung bc thang, thm
c vch ng pha dc xung.
step wedge [14436] : nm bc thu quang.
Nm quang hc c trong sut gim dn
tng bc k tip nhau t u ny ti u kia ca
nm. n: step tablet.
stercorite [14437] : stercorit.
Khong vt mu trng:
HNa(NH4)(PO4).4H2O.
n: microcosmic salt.
stereogram [14438] : phi cnh; khi lp th.
th trn mt mt phng th hin khng
gian ba chiu, v d nh s khi trong a
cht cu to hoc chiu cu trong tinh th hc.
stereographic net [14439]:mng chiu lp th.
Mng chiu cho thy cu trc khng gian ca
vt th.
stereographic projection [14440]: php chiu
lp th.
1- Cch chiu phng v theo php chiu
phi cnh, trong cc kinh tuyn v v tuyn
c chiu thnh mt tip tuyn, im chiu
trn mt cu i din theo ng knh i vi
592
im tip tuyn ca mt phng chiu.
2- Php chiu tng t c dng trong
quang tinh hc v trong a cht cu to, thng
s dng mt phng xch o (i qua tm hnh
cu) vi cc im chiu t cc nam.
stereosphere [14441] : stereosphere, v cu,
thch quyn.
Danh t lc u dng cho lp v trong cng
ca manti Tri t, cng c coi l tng
ng vi thch quyn.
stereostatic pressure [14442] : p sut
a tnh.
sterilization [14443] : dit khun (kh trng).
Qu trnh loi b hoc lm v hiu ha cc
sinh vt k c cc dng thc vt v bo t cng
nh cc virut trong nc t tiu chun
v sinh.
sternbergite [14444] : sternbergit.
Khong vt mu nu ti n en: AgFe2S3,
gp dng tinh th hnh tm hoc l mm, do.
n: flexible silver ore.
sterrettite [14445] : steretit.
Trc y c m t nh mt loi phosphat
ngm nc ca nhm: Al6(PO4)4(OH)6.5H2O.
n: kolbeckite.
sterryite [14446] : steryit.
Khong vt: Pb12(Sb,As)10S27.
stetefeldtite [14447] : stetefeldtit.
Khong vt nhm stibiconit:
Ag2Sb2(O,OH)7 (?).
stevensite [14448] : stevensit.
Khong vt st: smectit tm mt ba, c
trng l nhm khng thay th silic trong t din.
in tch ca lp xut hin do l trng tm mt.
n: aphorodite.
stewartite [14449] : stewartit.
1- Khong vt mu vng pht nu:
Mn+2Fe+32(PO4)2(OH)2.8H2O. Thng to tinh
th nh v chm si trong permatit.
2- Th bt mu xm thp, nhiu tro, cha st,
c t tnh, tm thy trong m kim cng
Kimberley, Nam Phi.
stibarsen [14450] : stibarsen.
Khong vt h su phng: SbAs.
stibianite [14451] : stibianit.
n: stibiconite.
stibiconite [14452] : stibiconit.
Khong vt: Sb3O6(OH). Thng c mu
trng phn n vng, l sn phm bin i ca
stibnit. n: stibianite.
stibiobetafite [14453] : stibiobetafit.
Khong vt h lp phng, thnh vin ca
nhm pyrochlo: (Ca,Sb,Sn,Fe,Mn,Na)(Ti,Nb,Ta,
Al)6O(O,OH, F).
stibiocolumbite [14454] : stibiocolumbit.
Khong vt h trc thoi: Sb(Nb, Ta)O4. ng
hnh vi stibiotantalit.
stibiopalladinite [14455] : stibiopaladinit.
Khong vt ng hng mu trng bc n
xm thp: Pd5Sb2. n: allopalladium.
stibiotantalite [14456] : stibiotantalit.
Khong vt h trc thoi mu nu n vng:
Sb(Ta,Nb)O4.
stibium [14457] : stibium.
Tn c cho stribnit c dng nh l bt mu
trang im mt ( Ai Cp).
stibivanite [14458] : stibivanit.
Khong vt Sb+32V+4O5.
stibnite [14459] : stibnit.
Khong vt mu xm ch: Sb2S3, c nh kim
loi, khc vi galen v d nng chy, thng
cha vng v bc. Stibnit gp dng khi v
tinh th lng tr trc thoi vi ct khai hon ton,
c cc sc thng ng. L qung chnh ca
antimon. n: antimonite; antimony glance; gray
antimony; stibium.
stichite [14460] : stichit.
Khong vt h mt thoi, mu tm hoa c:
Mg6Cr2(CO3)(OH)16.4H2O, lng hnh vi
barbertonit v c th cha mt t st.
sticky limit [14461] : gii hn bm dnh.
stigmaria [14462] : R so.
Mt ging ca thc vt Carbon v Permi, c
trng bi nhng cnh sinh r ph v b r ca
n. Stigmaria c coi nh mt ging hnh
dng, c quan h gn gi vi Sigillaria, Lepido-
dendron, Bothrodendron, v.v.
stilbite [14463] : stilbit.
1- Khong vt zeolit:
NaCa2Al5Si13O36.14 H2O, thng to tp hp
tinh th dng b hoc khi to tia.
n: desmine; epidesmine.
2- Thut ng ny c cc nh khong vt
hc ngi c s dng nh t ng ngha:
heulandite.
stilleite [14464] : stileit.
Khong vt: ZnSe.
stillwater [14465] : nc lng.
Nc hu nh khng vn ng.
stillwaterite [14466] : stilwaterit.
Khong vt tm thy u tin Stillwater
Complex : Pd8(As, Sb, Te, Sn, Bi)3.
stillwellite [14467] : stilvelit.
Khong vt h mt thoi: (Ce,La,Ba)BSiO5.
stilpnomelane [14468] : stilpnomelan.
Khong vt mu en n en lc, silicat lp
tm mt ba ca lp 2: 1 T-O-T, giu st, gp
dng tm ging mica, dng si v cc kt v
593
mu ng thau, mt nh nhung.
n: chalcodite.
stinkquartz [14469] : thch anh hi.
Thch anh pht ra mi hi khi b p.
stipoverite [14470] : stipoverit.
n: stishovite.
stishovite [14471] : stishovit.
Khong vt h bn phng: SiO2, l bin th
p sut cao ca thch anh, c khi lng ring
rt ln (4,35g/cm3), c thnh to trong iu
kin n nh vi p sut khong 100 kb. Trong
t nhin, stishovit gp cng vi coesit v ch gp
trong cha thch anh b bin cht va p nh
Barringer Crater (Meteor Crater), Ariz v b
Ries (c). S tn ti ca n l tiu chun nh
gi s va p ca thin thch. Stishovit c kiu
kin trc sp xp cht st ca rutil trong silic
c s phi tr 6 (thay vo 4 trong thch anh v
coesit). N hnh thnh p sut cao hn coesit
v r rng tr nn km bn vng p sut thp
sau bin dng. n: stipoverite.
stistaite [14472] : stistait.
Khong vt: SnSb.
stochastic variable [14473] : i lng ngu
nhin.
n: random variable.
stock [14474] : xm nhp th cn.
Dng nm ca th xm nhp c din l
nh hn 100km2, thng xuyn ct vy
quanh, nh hn cc th nn (batholit).
stock corporation [14475] : cng ty c phn.
stock market [14476]:th trng chng khon.
stockpile [14477] : kho cha vt liu, bi cha
vt liu (, ct, st).
Stoke's law [14478] : nh lut Stoke.
Cng thc v tc lng ng ca cc ht
dng cu trong cht lng c Stoke a ra
nm 1851.
stokesite [14479] : stokesit.
Khong vt h trc thoi khng mu:
CaSnSi3O9.2H2O.
stolidium [14480] : g rim.
Ch ra nh ra mt trong hai mnh ca mt
s Tay cun (nh lin h Stenoscismatacea)
to nn mt rim vn theo mt gc r rt vo
ng bao chnh ca v.
stolzite [14481] : stolzit.
Khong vt h bn phng PbWO4. ng
hnh vi wulfenit v lng hnh vi raspite.
stomodeum [14482] : ng hng.
Mt ng dn kiu thc qun hay hu t
ming i xung khoang v-mch polyp San h.
stomper [14483] : thit b gy cc dao
ng n hi (ngun pht trong thm d
a chn).
stone [14484] : .
stone banked terrace [14485] : thm c
vin bng .
stone base [14486] : nn bng .
stone bed [14487] : cc khi , bi .
n: stone field; felsenmeer.
stone breaker [14488] : my nghin .
n: rock breaker.
stone eye [14489] : con mt .
Khi xm nhp.
stone-filled drain (French drain) [14490] :
thot nc qua mng lc bng , thot nc
kiu Php.
stone intrusion [14491] : chui.
Th tng ct kt u n, dng ng, dng
ngon ngoo nm bn trong cc va than hoc
xuyn qua n v thng c quan h vi ct kt
tng t mi hoc tng cao hn.
stone river [14492] : sng hnh thnh do
qu trnh t chy.
stone wall [14493] : tng , dy ni sng
tru.
n: hogback.
stony desert [14494] : hoang mc .
Hoang mc c b mt khng bng phng
gm cc mnh vn sau khi ct v bi c
mang i.
stony-iron meteorite [14495] : thin thch
st-.
Tn chung ch cc thin thch rt him
khi gp c cha mt lng ln (t nht 25%) v
bng nhau ca c 2 nguyn t st v nikel trong
khi c cc silicat nh olivin, pyroxen.
n: stony-iron; siderolite; syssiderie,
aerosideroliee, v.v.
stoping [14496] : xm nhp.
Khi xm nhp ngm.
storage [14497] : tch tr.
1- Nc c cha trong cc h cha trn
mt t hoc ngm di t s dng trong
tng lai.
2- Nc c cha mt cch t nhin trong
lu vc ngm xung thnh nc di t, nc
tr ch trng, nc cha trong knh.
storage coefficient [14498] : h s tch tr.
1- i vi nc mt nh l h cha, h s
ny biu din mi quan h gia din tch b mt
v dng cung cp trung bnh nm.
2- i vi tng cha nc l lng nc chy
khi h cha qua mt din tch ng mt feet
vung, khi ct nc hay p lc mt gim
mt feet.
storage curve [14499] : ng cong tch tr.
594
 n: capacity curve.
storage ratio [14500] : t s tch tr.
Lng nc cha hu hiu chia cho dng
cung cp trung bnh nm.
storage reservoir [14501] : h cha nc.
storm beach [14502] : bi bin hnh thnh
do bo.
1- Bi xut hin ngay sau cn bo cc mnh.
N c c im trm tch bi hoc b mang i
hoc c tch t li;
2- G bi c hnh thnh do bo. G thp,
trn gm cui tng cht thnh ng do sng bo
mnh pha trong hoc ngay ra trong ca bi.
G nm cao hn mc triu cao v sng thng
thng c th t ti. n: storm terrace.
storm berm [14503]:g bi hnh thnh do bo.
G thp dc bi bin to thnh gii hn sng
bo tc ng.
storm delta [14504] : chu th hnh thnh
do bo.
n: nashover.
storm runoff [14505] : dng chy trc tip.
Dng chy mt, chy vo sng sui ngay
sau ma.
storm seepage [14506] : dng ngm r.
Dng chy ngm qua mt t v chuyn
ng v pha sui nh l nc di t nng tm
thi v pha trn mc nc di t chnh.
Thng c coi l mt phn ca dng chy
trc tip.
storm terrace [14507] : bi bin hnh thnh
do bo.
n: storm beach.
storm water [14508] :
n: direct runoff.
stottite [14509] : stotit.
Khong vt h bn phng mu nu:
FeGe(OH)6.
strain [14510] : bin dng.
S bin i hnh dng hoc th tch ca vt
th do tc dng ca ng sut.
strain at failure [14511] : bin dng ti thi
im ph hy.
strain control [14512] : kim sot bin dng.
Khng ch bin dng. n: control of strain.
strain ellipse [14513] : elip bin dng.
Hnh elip trong trng thi bin dng c gc l
hnh trn khi cha b bin dng.
strain ellipsoid [14514] : elipxoit bin dng.
Hnh elipxoit trng thi b bin dng c
ngun gc t hnh cu khi cha bin dng.
strain energy [14515] : nng lng bin dng.
Nng lng c hc cha trong cc vt liu
chu ng sut. Nng lung bin dng n hi
bng cng pht sinh do ngoi lc gy ra bin
dng v c th phc hi c. Theo ngun gc
sinh thnh, nng lng bin dng c th chia ra
cc loi: do lc trt, do momen un v momen
xon, v.v.
strain field [14516] : trng bin dng.
Trng thi bin dng ca mi im trong mt
vt th b bin dng.
strain gage gauge [14517] : dng c o
bin dng.
Dng c dng o s bin dng thng
bng tn hiu in t ca cu trc hoc vt th b
bin dng. Cn c tn gi l extensomet.
strain recrystallization [14518] : ti kt tinh
bin dng.
Ti kt tinh trong khong vt b bin i
thnh cc mnh tinh th ca chnh khong
vt .
strain slip [14519] : th ch trt.
n: slip cleavage.
strait [14520] : eo bin, knh nh, o, ch
t tht li.
ng hp c nc ni lin hai th cha
nc. (v d: eo bin Gibranta ni i Ty
Dng vi a Trung Hi).
stralingite [14521] : strathingit.
Khong vt ln u tin c m t nh bao
th gp trong vi b bin cht:
Ca2Al2SiO7.8H2O.
strand [14522] : b bi, sng, dng chy
knh, khu vc nh hng ca thy triu.
1- Vng lc a thp c bao bc bi vng
bin (v d: bi bin, nhnh bin ca i dng,
b sng rng);
2- Di t hp nm gia mc triu cng v
triu kit (b ph nc v l ra xen k);
3- Sng, dng chy, knh.
strand plain [14523] : b thoi ha do sng v
dng chy.
Trn b c cc g bi v trng ly song song,
mt vi ni c cc n kt hp vo, mt s
xc nh tui tuyt i vo khong 6000 nm
trc cng nguyn. n: foreland.
stranskiite [14524] : stranskit.
Khong vt h ba nghing mu lam:
Zn2Cu(AsO4)2.
strashimirite [14525] : strashimirit.
Khong vt: Cu8(AsO4)4(OH)4.5H2O.
strat test [14526] : th nghim a tng.
n: stratigraphic test.
strata [14527] : a tng, tng.
Danh t s nhiu ca stratum.
strath [14528] : y thung lng rng bng
phng; trng st c sn dc, rng, di trn
595
 thm lc a.
strath terrace [14529] : thm y.
1- Tn d y thung lng bng phng, thuc
chu trnh xi mn trc y b chia ct bi
cc dng chy tr ha do nng cao tip theo.
n: strath berm.
2- Tn d ca mt di rng hn so vi mt
di hp hn dc theo mt thung lng.
strath valley [14530] : Thung lng y.
1- y bng phng ca thung lng c dng
chy;
2- Thung lng cht do dng chy b
chuyn ch.
stratic [14531] : dng tng.
Lin quan n trt t hoc trnh t sp xp
a tng.
stratification [14532] : s phn lp.
S hnh thnh cc lp trm tch, lp n
cch lp kia bi mt phn lp. Cc lp khc
nhau v cu to, kin trc, mu sc, tnh cht c
l cc bao th v ha trong chng.
stratification plan [14533] : mt lp, mt
phn lp.
n: bedding plan.
stratified [14534]:phn tng, phn lp,
phn va.
Hnh thnh hoc sp xp cc lp.
n: bedded.
stratified cone [14535] : ni la phn tng,
nn phn tng.
n: stratovolcano.
stratiform [14536] : gi tng.
Kiu c trng ca khong sng dng tng,
trong cu trc qung cng ko di mt cch
chnh xc vi mt hoc nhiu lp trm tch, bin
cht hoc phun tro, v d: cc lp mui hoc
oxyt st hoc cc lp giu crom hay platin trong
phc h ni la.
stratiform intrusion [14537] : xm nhp
phn tng.
stratigrapher [14538] : nh a tng.
Ngi a cht nghin cu hoc c hiu bit
v a tng hc.
stratigraphical sequence [14539]: th t phn
lp, tun t phn tng.
stratigraphic break [14540] : gin on
a tng.
n: break.
stratigraphic classification [14541] : phn
loi a tng, phn chia a tng.
1- S sp xp h thng cc lp ca v Tri
t theo trnh t nguyn thy ca chng thnh
cc phn v da theo mt c im, tnh cht
hoc thuc tnh no ca chng. Cc c
im, tnh cht hoc thuc tnh khc nhau c th
l c s hu ch cho phn loi a tng
khc nhau.
2- S tp hp (h thng) cc phn v a tng
theo hnh loi, cp bc da trn nguyn tc phn
chia, ni dung, khi lng, quan h ph thuc
v phn b a l ca chng trong nhng thang
hoc s a tng v tng ng vi cc phn v
thi gian a cht tng i ca thang a
nin i.
stratigraphic code [14542] : quy phm a
tng, lut a tng.
S tp hp bao qut nhng xc tch nhng
quan nim c tha nhn rng ri v nguyn
l, phng thc v thc tin ca a tng hc
nhm thng nht mc cao nht vic p dng
chng. mt s nc, quy phm a tng c
p dng cho mi loi (trm tch, magma, bin
cht). nc ta, tng t nh nhiu nc khc,
quy phm ch p dng cho trm tch v cc
c ngun gc, hoc lin quan cht ch vi
ngun gc trm tch.
stratigraphic column [14543] : ct a tng.
Hnh v gm cc ct ghi tui thnh to,
thnh phn quan h gia cc tng, b dy, c
im thch hc, ha thch ca cc tng theo th
t t di ln trn l t c n tr.
stratigraphic condensation [14544] : c kt
a tng.
S phi hp cc ha thch c trng cho tui
v mi trng khc nhau trong mt khong a
tng mng hoc ngay trong mt lp.
stratigraphic control [14545] : xc minh a
tng; thm nh a tng.
Trnh hiu bit a tng ca mt vng c
th s dng lun gii a tng hoc lch s a
cht vng .
stratigraphic correlation [14546] : i snh
a tng; lin h a tng.
Qu trnh chng minh hoc xc nh cc
phn v a tng hai hay nhiu vng tch ri
nhau tng t vi nhau v c im hoc v tr
a tng da theo tui (thi gian thnh to), c
im trm tch, ha thch hay mt thuc tnh
no khc. Thut ng i khi cng c hiu l
so snh thi gian. n: lithologic correlation.
stratigraphic cut off [14547] : ng bin a
tng; gii hn a tng.
n: cutoff.
stratigraphic facies [14548] : tng a tng.
n: facies.
stratigraphic geology [14549] : a cht
a tng.
1- n: stratigraphy.
596
 2- a tng khu vc.
stratigraphic guide [14550] : du hiu a
tng; hng dn a tng.
1- Phn v thch a tng c bit c lin
quan n loi khong sn no trong vic tm
kim khong sn.
2- n: stratigraphic code.
stratigraphic interval [14551] : khong cch
a tng.
Khi lng a tng gia hai tng nh du.
stratigraphic leak [14552] : on h a tng.
Hin tng tch t trm tch v hoc ha
thch c tui tr hn nm cng hoc di cc
c tui c hn.
stratigraphic map [14553] : bn a tng.
Bn th hin s phn b khng gian, hnh
dng, v tr ca mt phn v a tng hoc b
mt a tng, lin quan n mt khong thi
gian a cht. Bn ng dy, bn cu trc,
bn tng... thuc loi ny.
stratigraphic nomenclature [14554] : danh
php a tng; php gi tn a tng.
t tn mt cch hp l cc phn v a tng.
V d: h Jura; h tng Bn Ci.
stratigraphic paleontology [14555] : c sinh
hc a tng.
Mn nghin cu cc ho thch v s phn b
ca chng trong cc thnh to a cht khc
nhau, c bit l cc mi quan h a tng (thi
gian v trnh t) ca cc trm tch cha ho
thch.
stratigraphic range [14556] : phn b a
tng; phm vi a tng.
S phn b ca mt ging, loi,... sinh vt
theo thi gian a cht, c th hin s c
mt trong cc lp bit tui.
stratigraphic record [14557] : du n a
tng, t liu a tng.
Cc du n a cht rt ra t vic nghin cu
a tng; cc c sp xp theo thang a
nin biu nh ct a tng. n: record.
stratigraphic separation [14558] : gin cch
a tng.
Chiu dy cc lp nm gia hai va tch ri
nhau th nm nguyn thy nhng hin tip
xc vi nhau ti mt t gy.
stratigraphic sequence [14559] : th t a
tng; trnh t a tng.
S ni tip theo thi gian ca cc thnh to
trm tch t c nm di n lp tr nm trn
khng km theo gin on.
stratigraphic terminology [14560] : thut ng
a tng, chuyn t a tng.
Thut ng s dng cho cc phn v thuc cc
hnh loi, cc cp trong h thng phn loi a
tng, nh h tng, bc, sinh i, v.v.
stratigraphic terrane [14561] : min a tng,
teran a tng.
Mt min (terran) c trng bi mt trnh t
a tng thng nht, trong quan h tch t ca
cc phn v c th c chng minh; c th bao
gm hoc khng bao gm cc thnh to mng.
stratigraphic test [14562] : th nghim a
tng.
L khoan tin hnh thu thp cc thng tin
v chiu dy, thnh phn thch hc, th t a
tng, rng v thm thu ca hoc nh
v mt tng chun, thng nh gi tr lng
du kh. n: strat test.
stratigraphic throw [14563] : gin cch a
tng, x dch a tng.
n: stratigraphic separation.
stratigraphic trap [14564] : by a tng.
Nhng by cha du hoc kh, c hnh
thnh do kt qu ca s thay i thnh phn
thch hc bi s bin dng cu trc.
Ss: structural trap. n: porosity trap.
stratigraphic unit [14565] : phn v a tng.
Lp hoc th a cht c xc lp theo mt
hoc mt s c im, tnh cht, thuc tnh phn
bit vi cc phn v lin k nhm mc ch m
t, o v, i snh (Hng dn a tng quc t,
1976; Quy phm a tng VN, 1994). C nhiu
loi phn v a tng nh thch a tng, sinh a
tng, thi a tng, a chn a tng,...ph
thuc vo tiu chun s dng phn chia. Mt
quan nim khc, phn v a tng t phn v
chung, ln nht n phn v a phng nh
nht u phi tng ng vi mt giai on t
nhin xc nh trong lch s pht trin v Tri
t hoc mt phn ca n, v.v. Mi phn v a
tng thuc hnh loi no cng u phi xc lp
trn c s ton b cc du hiu thu thp c
mt ct ca cc phn v (Quy phm a tng
Lin X, 1977).
stratigraphic unconformity [14566] : khng
chnh hp a tng.
S gin on trm tch ch yu do chuyn
ng thng trm gy ra, thng th nm ca
phn trn v phn di mt gin on trm tch
khng thay i. n: disconformity.
stratigraphy [14567] : a tng hc.
Khoa hc v cc lp , khng ch nghin
cu trnh t v mi quan h v tui ca chng
m c hnh dng, s phn b, thnh phn thch
hc, ha thch, cc c tnh vt l, a ha,...
tc l tt c cc c im v thuc tnh ca cc
lp , gii thch chng v mt mi trng tc
kiu ngun gc v lch s a cht (Hng dn
a tng quc t, 1976).
597
 stratlingite [14568] : stratlingit.
Khong vt: Ca2Al2SiO7.8H2O, ln u tin
c m t nh l bao th gp trong vi b
bin cht.
stratose [14569] : phn tng.
S sp xp trong cc lp .
stratotectonic [14570] : kin to a tng.
Thut ng ch yu c s dng Australia
m t s tin ha kin to lin quan vi
a tng.
stratotype [14571] : chun a tng; stratotyp.
Chun mc xc nh hoc nhn bit mt
phn v a tng hoc mt ranh gii a tng,
c m t u tin khi xc nh phn v hoc
c la chn trong khi nghin cu v sau
(Hng dn a tng quc t, 1976).
n: type section.
stratovolcano [14572] : ni la tng, ni la
phn tng.
Ni la c cu to bi s xen k ca cc
dng dung nham v vt liu mnh vn ni la
gm tro, lapilli, bom, x. Do cu to xen k nh
vy nn ngi ta gi l ni la tng. Ni la
tng l kt qu ca hat ng phun tro v hot
ng bng n xen k nhau trong i sng ca
ni la kiu trung tm.
stratum [14573] : lp; va, tng.
Mt th hoc mt va trm tch dng tm
hoc phin c th phn bit c bng mt
thng vi va nm trn v di, thng c s
dng dng s nhiu (strata).
stratum plain [14574] : ng bng c b mt
cu trc phn bc.
n: structural plain; strepped plain.
Straumanis camera method [14575] :
phng php bung chp Straumanis.
Phng php dng trong phn tch nhiu x
tia X. Phim c lp trong mt bung chp hnh
tr cho php nhn c phn x pha trc v pha
sau ca ca s ra v ca s vo. Bng cch c
th xc inh chnh xc ng knh ca phim.
streak [14576] : mu vt vch.
Mu ca khong vt dng bt, thng c
quan st bng cch vch khong vt ln mt tm
gm v quan st vt li. Mu vt vch l c
im quan trng trong gim nh khong vt,
i khi n khc mu ca khong vt nhng ni
chung l khng i i vi mt khong vt.
streak plate [14577] : tm vch.
Dng trong gim nh khong vt. L mt
mnh gm khng ph men dng c xt mu
to bt cho php quan st mu vt vch. Tm
vch c cng khong 7.
stream [14578] : sui, dng chy t nhin
cc vng i ni.
1- Bt k mt khi nc no chy xung mc
thp hn di tc ng ca trng lc, v lin
quan ti mt knh hp nhng c xc nh r
rng trn mt t.
2- Thut ng thng c s dng ch cc
sng nh.
3- Nc chy trong sui.
stream built terrace [14579] : thm aluvi.
n: alluvial terrace.
stream capture [14580] : cp dng.
n: capture.
stream channel [14581] : knh, mng.
Ch t trng, hp, nc chy t nhin hoc
c th chy theo n.
stream current [14582] : dng chy.
1- Dng bin di su, hp, chy mnh (v
d: dng Gnstrim);.
2- Dng tri. n: stream;
3- Dng chy u n trong mt con sng
t lin.
stream cut terrace [14583] : thm , thm
ct dng.
n: rock terrace.
stream deposition [14584] : tch t sng, tch
t dng chy.
stream erosion [14585] : xi mn sui, sng.
Qu trnh xi mn gy ra bi dng sui, sng.
streamflood [14586] : dng l.
L vng kh c c trng bi "dng
tng t v d di" ca lt trn (sheetflood)
nhng li b hn ch bi dng chy nng, khng
r, thng kh.
streamflow [14587] : dng chy rng.
Phn nc mt chy thnh dng tp trung,
khng b phn tn, lon hng. Cng c th vit:
stream flow.
stream gradient [14588] : gradient sui, sng.
L gc gia mt nc (i vi sui ln) hay
y (i vi sui nh) v mt phng ngang o
theo hng ca dng chy.
stream gradient ratio [14589] : t s gradient
sui, sng.
T s gia gradient ca mt sui v gradient
ca mt sui khc bc tip theo cao hn, trong
cng mt lu vc. K hiu Rs.
n: channel gradient ratio.
streaming potential [14590] : p lc, th nng
ca dng chy.
stream length [14591] : chiu di sui, sng.
di ca mt phn sui bc cho trc u.
K hiu Lu.
stream length ratio [14592] : t s chiu di
sui, sng.
T s gia chiu di sui trung bnh mt
598
bc cho trc v chiu di sui trung bnh bc
thp hn tip theo trong mt lu vc xc nh.
K hiu RL.
streamlet [14593] : dng chy nh.
stream line [14594] : ng dng, dng chy.
ng tng tng ni mt lot cc phn
ca cht lng trong trng thi chuyn ng
thi im xc nh, mi phn ca cht lng trn
ng ny c vect vn tc l tip tuyn vi n.
streamline flow [14595] : dng chy phng.
Dng chy u, khng b ri lon.
stream load [14596] : vt liu vn chuyn do
sui, sng.
Vt liu rn c dng sui vn chuyn i
di dng vt liu trm tch c th nhn thy
hoc di dng dung dch ha hc hay keo.
stream morphology [14597] : mn hnh thi
sng.
n: river morphology.
stream order [14598] : cp dng chy.
Phn loi v tr cc nhnh sng lin quan
trong h thng sng. n: channel order.
stream profile [14599] : mt ct dc ca
sui, sng.
stream robbery [14600] : s hp dng.
stream terrace [14601] : thm sui, sng.
H thng cc mc b mt trong thung lng
sng nm dc dng chy, t nhiu song song vi
dng chy, hin nm cao hn mc b mt sng
l cc tn d ca bi bi, y dng chy hoc
y thung lng c trc, c thnh to trong
giai on xi mn hoc tch t trc .
stream transportation [14602] : di chuyn
dng.
S di chuyn cc vt liu phong ho hay
xi mn di dng dung dch ho hc hay th
huyn ph, hay b ln, ko dc theo lng sui.
streamtube [14603] : dng chy hnh ng.
Dng nc chy qua hang hon ton l dng
chy ri.
stream underflow [14604] : dng ngm.
Nc thm qua lng sui c kh nng thm
v chy song song vi dng sui.
stream valley [14605] : thung lng sui, sng.
Khu vc trng ko di trn mt t c to
ra bi dng sui trong qu trnh pht trin
ca n.
stream velocity [14606] : vn tc sui, sng.
Vn tc ca dng chy o bng khong cch
trn mt n v thi gian.
streamway [14607] : sui hin ti, lng sui.
strelkinite [14608] : strelkinit.
Khong vt h trc thoi:
Na2(UO2)2(VO4)2. 6H2O.
strengite [14609] : strengit.
Khong vt h trc thoi, mu nht:
FePO4.2H2O. ng hnh vi variscit v lng
hnh vi phosphosiderit v c th cha mt
t mangan.
strength [14610] : cng , sc khng, sc
chng, sc bn.
Trng thi ng sut, ti mu hay mt
phn khi b gy v. xc nh c sc
bn, cn xc nh c thi im xy ra gy v.
Khi gy v xy ra t ngt, n lun i km vi
s gim xung cng t ngt ca ti trng tc
ng, vi ting ng, i khi kh to. Tuy nhin,
gy v cng c th xy ra t t, rt kh xc
nh, nht l khi th nghim mu mm yu
trong iu kin ng sut bao quanh ln.
strength and yield criteria [14611] : tiu
chun sc bn v chy do.
Trong c hc t, , t trc ti nay, cc
nh khoa hc v ang b ra kh nhiu cng
sc tm kim mt tiu chun sc bn v chy
do c c s l thuyt, kh d, p dng c cho
mi loi t . Nhng c gng u tin c l
xut pht t l thuyt khe nt Griffith, nhng
tiu chun sc bn do ng a ra khng my
ph hp vi thc t. Cc tiu chun hin ang
c p dng trong thc t u l tiu chun
thc nghim n gin, c tm ra bng cch
khp mt ng cong vi cc s liu thc
nghim. Mt s tiu chun thc nghim c p
dng ph bin l: tiu chun Mohr-Coulomb,
tiu chun Hoek-Brown.
strength anisotropy [14612] : tnh bn d
hng.
Do kin trc vt cht c th nh hng, hoc
do cc mt phn lp, th ch m hnh vi ca rt
nhiu loi tr nn d hng. Dng d hng
n gin nht l ng hng ngang, tc l ng
nht theo hai hng v khc vi hng th ba.
Sc bn cc i ca cc ng hng ngang
trong th nghim nn ba trc thay i. Ty theo
hng ca cc mt ng hng, th ch hoc
cc mt gim yu so vi hng ca trc ng sut
chnh.
strength criteria [14613] : tiu chun sc bn.
Tiu chun sc bn l mt phng trnh dng
kim tra xem gy v c xy ra hay khng
trong iu kin tc ng kt hp ca 3 ng sut
chnh. Rt kh a ra mt tiu chun sc bn
n gin, hon chnh v sc bn t khng
phi l mt i lng n tr. Chng hn, sc
bn nn n trc ca thng, t nht, ln gp
8 ln sc bn ko, cn sc bn nn ba trc th
ph thuc rt nhiu vo ng sut bao quanh. Do
vy, cn tin hnh rt nhiu th nghim c v s
599
lng ln kiu loi, xc nh cc thng s
tng ng vi mi iu kin gy v c th
xy ra.
stress [14614] : ng sut.
Cng ca ni lc tc dng trn mt n
v din tch. Mt vt th n hi khi chu tc
dng ca ngoi lc, trong chng s xut hin ni
lc nhm chng li s tc dng ca ngoi lc
. ng sut trung bnh tc dng ln mt din
tch F xung quanh mt im no c xc
nh l P , trong P l hp lc ca ni lc
tc dng trn din tch F. ng sut ti im
l: P = lim P , khi F 0 . ng sut ti mt
F
im c th tch lm 2 thnh phn, thnh phn
php tuyn vi mt ct gi l ng sut php, k
hiu l v thnh phn nm trong mt ct l
ng sut tip, k hiu l .
stress axis [14615] : trc ng sut, trc chnh
ng sut, trc chnh.
Ti mt im trong vt th bin dng bao gi
cng tm c ba mt phng vung gc vi nhau
tng i mt, gi l cc mt chnh, trn chng
ch c ng sut php, khng c ng sut tip.
ng sut php ca cc mt chnh gi l trc ng
sut hay trc chnh, thng c k hiu l 1,
2, 3, vi qui c 1 > 2 > 3.
stress circle [14616] : vng trn ng sut.
n: mohr circle.
stress control [14617] : kim sot ng sut,
khng ch ng sut.
n: control of stress.
stress difference [14618] : hiu ng sut.
chnh lch gia ng sut ln nht v nh
nht ca ba ng sut chnh.
stress distribution [14619] : phn b ng
sut.
stress ellipsoid [14620] : elipsoid ng sut.
Hnh biu din hnh hc ca trng thi ng
sut ti mt im c xc nh bi ba ng sut
chnh vung gc vi nhau tng i mt v
cng ca chng.
stress field [14621] : trng ng sut.
Trng thi ng sut ca cc im khc nhau
trong vng nghin cu.
stress measurement [14622] : o trng ng
sut.
Trng thi ng sut trong t i khi cn
o trong qu trnh kho st phc v cho vic
thit k. Khi khc, li cn o trong qu trnh
khai thc hoc xy dng kim tra cc tnh
ton thit k v cnh bo hin tng vt qu
ng sut do qu trnh khai o gy ra. Trong
phn ln thit k k thut phc v cho khai o
trong t , ch cn c tnh s b da trn
kinh nghim cng nh cc s liu hin c v
trng ng sut ton cu hoc khu vc. Ngc
li, cn tin hnh o trng ng sut trong mt
s trng hp quan trng, v d khi lp k hoch
khai thc quy m ln mt khu vc cha c
thm d chi tit, hoc thit k gian my nh
my thy in, khi vic sa cha nhng gi thit
sai lm trong khu thit k c th cn t hn
chi ph cho vic o. C th c nhiu phng
php o trng ng sut, trong mt s
phng php c m t chi tit trong cc
vn liu ca Hip hi C hc quc t (ISRM,
1987), nh overcoring, undercoring, flat-jack
method (phng php kch phng), hydrofrac-
turing (th nghim bm p nc), sleeve
fracturing, stress relaxation, v.v.
stress mineral [14623] : khong vt ng sut.
Thut ng do Harker xut (1918) cho cc
khong vt nh clorit, cloritoit, talc, albit,
epidot, amphibol v kianit, tc cc khong vt
c cho l thnh to nh ng sut trt trong
cc bin cht. Thut ng tr thnh li thi.
stress of folding [14624] : ng sut un np.
ng sut tc dng vo cc cnh ca cc np
un gy ra hin tng un np.
stress path [14625] : qu o ng sut.
L ng th hin lch s ng sut (cht ti,
d ti, thay i ng sut bao quanh, v.v.) trong
khng gian ng sut.
stress pillars [14626] : cu trc dng tm.
Cu trc dng tm thng ng gp trong
magma phun tro.
stress shadow [14627] : bng rm ng sut.
Vng khng ghi c ng sut.
stress space [14628] : trng, khng gian
ng sut.
Phng trnh tiu chun sc bn ca mt loi
vt liu c th v dng mt mt cong trong
khng gian ng sut ba chiu vi cc trc ng
sut chnh lm trc ta . Mt cong ni trn
chnh l qu tch ca mi kh nng kt hp gia
cc ng sut chnh gy ra gy v. Mt
cong sc bn ca t ch yu hng v pha
c ba trc ng sut chnh u l nn p, v t
thng c sc bn ko thp. Gi s mt mu
ang chu tc ng tng dn ca cc ng sut
chnh thnh phn. Khi , lch s cht ti c th
c v di dng mt qu o ng sut trong
khng gian ng sut. Khi qu o ng sut cn
nm trong mt cong do ng bao sc bn to
nn th mu vn cn kh nng chu ti. Gy
v xy ra ngay khi qu o ng sut chm vo
mt cong ni trn v khng th cht ti thm
c na. Mt cong sc bn, nh vy, xc nh
600
ranh gii gia nhng trng thi ng sut c th
c v nhng trng thi khng th c i vi mt
loi vt liu. Tng t, cng c th xc nh
thm mt cong chy do, nm hon ton bn
trong mt cong th nht. Mt cong chy do xc
nh ranh gii gia bin dng n hi (pha
trong) v bin dng do (pha ngoi). n: yield.
stress strain diagram [14629] : biu ng
sut bin dng.
Biu th hin mi quan h gia ng sut
v bin dng khi th nghim mu.
stress-strain behavior [14630] : ng x, hnh
vi ng sut-bin dng.
stress-strain curve [14631] : th ng sut-
bin dng.
Hnh v biu din s bin dng theo phn
trm ca s co rt hoc gin n c tnh quy c,
th hin s khc nhau gia ng sut ln nht v
nh nht trn mt h ta .
stress-strain diagram [14632] : th ng
sut bin dng.
n: stress-strain curve.
stress tensor [14633] : tenx ng sut.
Tensor th hin trng thi ng sut ti mt
im gm 9 thnh phn, t 3 trc ta vung
gc, trong c ba thnh phn l ng sut php
v su thnh phn l cc ng sut tip.
stretch fault [14634] : t gy nghch trt.
n: stretch thrust.
stretch thrust [14635] : t gy nghch trt.
Danh t t c dng ch t gy nghch
hnh thnh do hin tng ct cnh ca np
un . n: stretch fault.
stretching [14636] : gin di.
S gin di ca cc ht khong vt trong
bin cht, mt kiu lineation.
strezekite [14637] : strezekit.
Khong vt:
(Ca,Ba,K,Na)x(V+41,6V+56,3Fe+30,1)O20(H2O)4-x.
stria [14638] : ng kha.
1-(kv) Mt lot nhng ng thng song
song trn b mt tinh th nh pyrit, chng l du
vt ca s dao ng gia hai n tinh th; c khi
l mt lot nhng ng thng nh vy trn b
mt th ch ca khong vt nh plagioclas,
calcit, corindon. Chng l du vt ca s ghp
song tinh a hp. n: striation.
2-(cs) Mt lot nhng ng, khc trn b
mt ca mt vi loi s, c bit ca loi s v
mm, v d cc vt kha li ti trn v Nautiloidea
hay Ammonoidea. Tt: striate; Sn: striae.
striate [14639] : c vn vch, c kha, c g
mn, dng kha.
1- Ni v cc tinh th m b mt c cc vch
thng song song, hoc v kiu t im gm
nhng g v rnh mn xen nhau v Thn mm;
ni v nhng bo t phn hoa c t im g v
rnh mn mng ngoi.
2- Bao gm cc mu li nh, v g c tit
din ko di (chiu di gp 2 ln chiu rng) sp
xp ni tip nhau thnh nhng di song song vi
nhau. Cc di ny c th n hoc phn nhnh
v sp xp rt u n trn mt mng ngoi ca
ht phn.
striated [14640] : tnh t ca stria.
striation [14641] : tnh cht c vn vch, c
ng kha, c g mn.
c im b mt mt tinh th c vn vch,
c sc, c g v rnh mn xen k nhau, nht l
trn b mt ct khai ca cc tinh th; c im
t im mt v ca Thn mm gm nhng vn
vch, ng kha mn.
stricke stream [14642] : dng chy theo
ng phng.
Dng chy theo ng phng ca cc tng
bn di.
stricke valley [14643] : thung lng theo
ng phng.
Thung lng b xi mn v pht trin song
song vi ng phng ca tng km bn
vng bn di.
strigovite [14644] : strigovit.
1- Khong vt mu lc ti thuc nhm clorit
(?): Fe+23(Al, Fe+3)3Si3O11(OH)7.
2- Khong vt gi thit l thnh phn cui
ca nhm clorit: (Mg,Fe)2Al2Si2O7(OH)4.
strike [14645] : ng phng, d ng mch.
1- Phng ngang ca mt cu to mt.
2- Khoan pht hin ra du m.
strike fault [14646] : t gy dc, t gy
theo phng.
t gy c phng song song vi phng
ca lp m n ct qua.
strike fold [14647] : np un theo phng, np
un dc.
n: longitudinal fold.
strike joint [14648] : khe nt dc.
Khe nt c ng phng song song vi
ng phng ca cc cu to mt hoc cu trc
dng tuyn (lineation) ca vy quanh. Tri
ngha vi khe nt theo hng dc.
n: longitudinal joint.
strike line [14649] : ng phng, phng.
Giao tuyn ca mt phng nm ngang vi
cu to mt (mt lp, mt t gy, ...).
strike separation [14650] : gin cch theo
phng, gin cch ngang.
Khong cch o theo ng phng ca t
601
gy.
strike separation fault [14651]: t gy bng.
n: lateral fault.
strike shift [14652]: dch chuyn theo phng,
dch chuyn ngang.
Trong mt t gy, hin tng dch chuyn
tng i ca cc cnh song song vi ng
phng ca t gy.
strike shift fault [14653] : t gy trt bng.
n: strike slip fault.
strike slip [14654] : trt theo phng, trt
ngang.
Thnh phn trt hoc chuyn ng song
song vi ng phng ca t gy.
strike slip fault [14655] : t gy trt theo
phng, t gy trt bng.
t gy c cc cnh trt theo ng phng
ca t gy.
stringer [14656] : mch ngang.
1-Mch nh hoc si nh khong vt, thng
mt hay mt tp hp thnh to mt kiu bn
song song khng lin tc trong vy quanh.
2-Mt lp trm tch mng.
stringhamite [14657] : stringhamit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
CaCuSiO4.2H2O.
strip footing [14658] : mng bng.
strip mining [14659] : khai thc m l thin.
n: open cast mining.
stripped illite [14660] : ilit thanh gin
(phn hy).
n: degraded illite.
stripped peneplain [14661] : bn bnh
nguyn n.
n: fossil peneplain.
stripper [14662] : dng c lm sch cc u
dy in.
Stromatoporoid [14663] : Stromatoporata.
Mt tn chung ch mt nhm sinh vt bin
sng bm y tuyt chng, c v tr phn loi
khng r rng (Bt bin, Rut khoang hay To
lam ?). Chng tit ra mt khung xng vi c
dng xp thnh lp, tng, dng cnh, dng vm
hay dng bng n, cc yu t cu trc trong
c xp sp thnh phin gn nm ngang hay
ta tia, hoc thnh tuyn m bt phn tch nhau
bi nhng ct nh ta tia. Stromatoporata phong
ph c bit trong cc m tiu tui Orovic-
Devon. Tui chung l Cambri (?)-Creta.
stromeyerite [14664] : stromeyerit.
Khong vt h trc thoi mu xm thp ti vi
cc vt mu lam: CuAgS.
n: silver-copper glance.
strontianite [14665] : strontianit.
Khong vt h trc thoi mu lc nht, trng,
xm hoc pht vng thuc nhm aragonit:
SrCO3.
strontioborite [14666] : strontioborit.
Khong vt: SrB8O13.2H2O.
strontiochevkinite [14667] : strontiochev-
kinit.
Khong vt, tng t chevkinit cha stronti:
(Sr2[La, Ce]1,5Ca0,5)4(Fe+20,5Fe+30,5)(Ti, Zr)2
Ti2Si4O22.
strontioginorite [14668] : strontioginorit.
Khong vt: (Sr,Ca)2B14O23.8H2O, l ginorit
cha stronti.
strontiohilgardite [14669] : strontiohilgardit.
Mt bin th ca hilgardit c cha Sr.
strontium [14670] : stronti (Sr).
Nguyn t ha hc s 38, nguyn t lng
87,621; t trng 2,54 g/cm cm3, thuc nhm
kim loi nh kim t, c 4 ng v bn v 26
khng bn. Hm lng Sr trong cc (ppm):
v lc a trn l 316; siu mafic 10; gabro-
basalt 400; granit-granodiorit 220; phin 250;
trong t 240; trong nc i dng 7,9 mg/l.
Phng php phn tch: XRF, ICP-MS, ICP-
AES. Dng Sr trong cc lnh vc luyn kim, v
tuyn mu, ferit t, pho hoa.
strontium 87 [14671] : stronti-87.
ng v bn ca stronti c sinh thnh bi
phn r beta ca Rb87.
strontium apatite [14672] : apatit stronti.
Khong vt mu lc nht n lc vng thuc
nhm apatit: (Sr,Ca)5(PO4)3(OH, F).
Strophomenid [14673] : Strophomenida.
Tay cun c khp thuc mt b gm nhng
i biu c v phng-li ti lm-li vi c
im v o ngc hay gy khc. Tui: Orovic
sm-Jura sm.
structural [14674] : cu to, cu trc.
S lin quan vi bin dng ca hoc
nhng c im do bin dng gy ra.
structural analysis [14675] : phn tch
cu trc.
Danh t c dch t ting c
"Gefgekunde", do B. Sander s dng ch
mn hc nghin cu v cu to theo hng
thch hc cu to, nghin cu v s phn b ca
cc yu t thuc tinh th vt l hoc qua cc
lt mng, t gp phn nh gi iu kin a
ng ca qu trnh thnh to.
structural basin [14676] : trng kin to.
Do hot ng kin to gy ra.
structural bench [14677] : bc bng do
cu trc.
l g tn d ca thm cu trc b h
thp xung do xi mn. n: rock bench.
602
 structural closure [14678] : vng, khong
khp cu to.
Khong cch thng ng t nh n im
trn ca by.
structural contour [14679] : ng bao cu
trc.
ng cng cao ca mt cu trc. Hnh
v cc mt cu trc, v d nh ranh gii mt
thnh h hoc mt t gy.
structural control [14680]:khng ch cu trc.
nh hng ca c im cu trc i vi
khong sng qung, v d : qung ha lp y
khe nt.
structural cross section [14681] : mt ct
cu trc.
Mt ct theo phng thng ng lin kt ti
liu l khoan, a vt l xc nh cc
cu trc.
structural crystallography [14682] : tinh th
hc cu trc.
Nghin cu cch sp xp bn trong v
khong cch gia cc nguyn t, phn t cu to
nn cht kt tinh.
structural depression [14683] : trng cu to.
Vng a hnh thp do hin tng bin dng
ca v Tri t to nn.
structural diagram [14684] : th cu to.
Hnh v th hin tnh nh hng trong
khng gian ca cc cu trc.
structural discordance [14685] : khng chnh
hp kin to.
Khng chnh hp do nguyn nhn kin to,
thng do cc t gy to nn.
structural divergene [14686] : chuyn dch
cu trc.
S dch chuyn hnh dng cu trc trong cc
tng khc nhau.
structural dome [14687] : vm kin to, vm
cu to.
Cu to dng vm hnh thnh do bin dng.
structural environment [14688] : mi trng
kin to.
iu kin, bi cnh kin to ca vng.
structural examination [14689] : phn tch
cu trc.
n: structural analysis.
structural feature [14690]: c im cu trc.
c im c hnh thnh do bin dng
(v d do un np hoc t gy). Thut ng hin
c chp nhn cho nhng dng nh vy l cu
trc cu to (structure).
structural forms [14691] : hnh dng cu trc.
Hnh thi ca cc cu trc.
structural geology [14692] : a cht cu to,
kin to.
Mt chuyn ngnh ca a cht hc, nghin
cu v hnh dng th nm v s phn b trong
khng gian ca cc cu trc, m t, phn loi
cc cu trc c quy m trung bnh n nh,
c s dng tng t nh t kin to (tectonic),
tuy nhin t kin to thng dng khi nghin
cu nhng vng rng ln.
structural high [14693] : khi nng, vm
np li.
Vng nng do hot ng kin to.
structural history [14694] : lch s cu trc.
Qu trnh hnh thnh cc cu trc.
structural intersection [14695] : giao ct
cu trc.
S giao ct cc cu trc.
structural lake [14696] : h kin to.
H do hot ng kin to gy ra.
n: tectonic lake.
structural landform [14697] : a hnh do
cu trc.
a hnh pht trin do s bo mn v b
khng ch bi cu trc ca .
structural localization [14698] : nh v cc
cu trc.
structural low [14699] : vng st, h ln
kin to.
Vng st ln do hot ng kin to.
structural map [14700] : bn cu to.
n: structure-contour map.
structural nose [14701] : mi cu to.
Vng np li chc u khng khp kn.
structural petrology [14702] : thch lun
cu trc.
Php phn tch kin trc trong lt mng
thch hc, hay vi kin trc. Phng php bao
gm vic nghin cu hnh dng ht v mi lin
quan (vi cu to) cng nh nghin cu s nh
hng ca tinh th trong . Gn y knh hin
vi in t qut cng c s dng nghin cu
vi cu trc ca cc tinh th bin dng.
n: fabric analysis; petrofabrics analysis;
petrofabrics; microtectonics.
structural plain [14703] : ng bng kin to.
ng bng do qu trnh kin to to nn.
n: stratum plain.
structural plateau [14704] : cao nguyn
cu trc.
a hnh dng cao nguyn c b mt cu trc
phn bc. n: stripped structural plateau.
structural province [14705] : tnh cu trc.
Vng c cu trc a cht khc bit r vi
cc vng k lin. N l mt tnh m rng c v
khng gian v thi gian cng vi tnh a l.
603
 structural relief [14706] : a hnh cu trc.
1- a hnh phn nh cu trc a cht.
2- Khong cch thng ng gia cc im
tng ng a tng a hnh ca vm np li
v nhn ca mt np lm k lin.
3- chnh cao gia im thp nht v
im cao nht ca c s hoc tng a tng ca
mt vng nht nh.
structural terrace [14707] : thm cu trc.
1- Thm a phng hoc ni bng phng
dng bc.
2-a hnh dng thm b khng ch bi cu
trc ca nm di, c bit l thm c to
ra do xi mn nhanh hn tng km bn vng
nm trn cc cng.
structural trap [14708] : by cu to.
Cu trc t gy hoc np un thun li cho
s tng tr du kh.
structural unconformity [14709] : khng
chnh hp cu to.
n: angular unconformity.
structural valley [14710]:thung lng cu trc.
Thung lng c ngun gc hnh thnh lin
quan vi cu trc a cht pha di.
structure [14711] : cu trc, cu to, kt cu.
1- Hnh thi th nm ca cc trong khng
gian. Trong a cht du m, ch mt np un
hoc mt t gy, mt vng c tim nng du
kh cn ch khoan, mt vng nng cao
c xc nh bng a vt l.
2- S phc tp ni b ca cu trc lp mng
ngoi cng ca ht phn v bo t, thng gm
c cc que; chng c th phn nhnh v t nhiu
gn li vi nhau theo chiu ngang.
3- Hnh thc tp hp ca khong vt, v d:
thanh kim, ct (tr), bn (phin) hoc si.
n: crystal structure.
4- Tnh cht quan st bng mt thng khi
ngoi tri, tt nht l quan st c im l hn
l xem mt mu cc hay lt mng thch hc,
thy c cu trc hnh thi. V d: cu to hnh
ct, khi nt hnh m, hnh gi, phin ha hnh
tm,....Thut ng cng c dng qui m hin
vi thy c s khng ng nht trong khi
, chng xp theo tng di, tng lp. Cn thut
ng kin trc (texture) ch hnh thi cu trc
qui m hin vi, mc d hai thut ng kin trc
v cu to thng c dng ln ln, nhng
tuyt i khng nn ng nht hai khi nim .
structure contour [14712]:ng bao cu trc.
n: structure contour map.
structure contour map [14713] : bn
cu to.
Bn v cc ng ng cao ca tng t
no hoc tng sn phm, cc cu trc np
un, cc vm, cc t gy, v.v.
structure fomula [14714]: cng thc cu trc.
Cng thc ho hc cho s lng tng i
cc nguyn t c trong mt khong vt c th.
n: chemical composition, composition.
structure section [14715] : mt ct cu trc.
Mt ct thng ng tm hiu cc cu trc
a cht theo phng thng ng hoc gn nh
thng ng. T l ng thng c phng i.
strunzite [14716] : strunzit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu vng rm:
MnFe2(PO4)2(OH)2.8H2O. ng hnh vi laueit.
strut [14717] : thanh chng ng, cc
chng ng.
strut thrust [14718] : t gy.
t gy gy ra do bin dng ct mng
hoc cc lp rn. Thut ng ny hin nay
khng dng.
strverite [14719] : struverit.
Khong vt h bn phng: (Ti,Ta,Fe)3O6.
To dy vi ilmenorutil.
struvite [14720] : struvit.
Khong vt h trc thoi khng mu n vng
hoc nu nht:
Mg(NH4)(PO4).6H2O.
Student distribution [14721] : phn b, phn
b theo chun Student.
studtite [14722] : stutit.
Khong vt h n nghing UO4.4H2O.
stuffed mineral [14723] : khong vt tm ion.
Khong vt c nhng ion ph tri ca
nguyn t ngoi lai nm nhng khong trng
ca cu trc. V d granat vi nhng cation
ph tri.
stumpflite [14724] : stumpflit.
Khong vt h su phng: Pt(Sb,Bi).
sturtite [14725] : sturtit.
Khong vt mica tm mt ba ngm nc:
(Mn, Fe, Al, Ca)3Si4O10(OH)2,79. H2O.
stylaster [14726] : stylaster.
Cc Rut khoang thy tc thuc v mt b c
khung xng vi, gm nhng c th c gii tnh
sng bm vo tp on. Tui: Creta n ngy
nay.
style [14727] : kiu, khung, hnh dng; gai
xng, ng mu nn, mu trung tm.
1- n: tectonic style.
2- (cs) Gai xng Bt bin vi mt u t,
mt u nhn; ng nh mc ln t mu nn ca
Trng tia Phaeodarina; mt mu trung tm bng
cht vi trong mt s l San h Stylasterina.
styliform columella [14728] : ct hnh cn
bt.
Ct trung tm ca San h vn di theo chiu
604
dc, gn chc vo vch trong ca San h su tia
bng m vi dy.
S-type granite [14729] : granit kiu S.
Tn gi chung cho lot granit c thnh
phn ch yu l granodiorit v granit qu bo
ha nhm, vi s c mt ca muscovit, cc
alumosilicat, granat v (hoc) cordierit, ngoi s
c mt thng xuyn ca thch anh feldspar
kim v plagioclas. Hornblend him thy. Tip
u ng S ch rng vt liu ngun ca c
thnh phn trm tch (ch S l sediment).
Styrian orogeny [14730] : to ni Styrian.
Mt trong 30 pha to ni vi thi gian ngn,
xy ra trong Phanerozoi vo Mioxen, gia k
Burdigali v k Aquitani.
styxtzite [14731] : styxtzit.
Khong vt: Ag5-xTe3, trc y c xc
nh l empresit.
suanite [14732] : suanit.
Khong vt: Mg2B2O5. n: magnioborite.
subaerial bench [14733] : pediment khng c
aluvi, lm ln pha trn.
subage [14734] : ph k, phn k.
Thut ng dng ch mt phn ca k, ng
vi thi gian thnh to mt ph bc, thng c
trng bi s xut hin mt hin tng ring bit,
nh hong th. Thut ng t s dng.
subalkalic [14735] : kim.
1- Nhm magma thuc lot kim vi v
tholeit;
2- magma khng cha cc khong vt
kim ngoi feldspar;
3- m t magma thuc tnh thch hc
Thi Bnh Dng.
subalkaline basalt [14736] : basalt kim.
Chayes (1964) ngh dng thay th cho
thut ng basalt tholeit v tholeit. l basalt
khng bao gi cha nephelin hay acmit, xut
hin theo php tnh thnh phn chun CIPW,
thuc nhm kim.
subaluminous [14737] : nhm.
Ni v magma cha rt t oxyt nhm,
khng tha hnh thnh feldspar hay feld-
spathoid. Theo Shand (1947), nhm magma
c phn loi theo mc bo ha oxyt nhm.
subaqueous delta plain [14738] : ng bng
chu th ngp nc.
Phm vi pha trc ca chu th gii hn
trong khong triu thp v y b.
subarial [14739] : gn mt nc.
subarkose [14740] : arkos.
Ct kt a khong c ngun gc t sn phm
phong ha ca granit, c lng feldspar < 30%,
lng thch anh < 90%. Do lng feldspar qu
t khng xp vo arkoz m xp vo arkoz.
Subatlantic [14741] : cn i Ty Dng.
Thut ng c s dng u tin chu u
ch mt k ca Holocen (khong 2500 nm
hay 500 nm trc Cng nguyn), tip theo k
Cn Bc. Vo thi k ny, kh hu tr nn n
ha v m hn trc.
sub-base (pavement) [14742] : lp mng di
ca nn ng.
Subboreal [14743] : Cn Bc.
Thut ng c s dng u tin chu u
ch mt k ca Holocen (khong 4500 nm
n 2500 nm trc y), sau k i Ty
Dng v trc k Cn i Ty Dng. Vo
thi k ny, kh hu mt m v kh.
subcrop [14744] : vt l di mt khng
chnh hp.
Ni l ra di mt khng chnh hp.
subcrop map [14745] : bn vt l di mt
khng chnh hp.
Bn a cht v cc tng l ra ca cc
bn di mt khng chnh hp.
subcrustal [14746] : v, di v.
Vt liu hoc nhng vng bn di v
Tri t.
subcrystalline [14747] : kt tinh.
Kin trc ht mn c trng bi trng thi
thy tinh hoc nha.
subduction [14748] : ht chm, nhn chm.
Qu trnh hot ng kin to mng, trong
c mt mng (thng l mng c kiu v i
dng) chi xung di mt mng khc (thng
l mng c kiu v lc a).
subduction zone [14749] : i ht chm.
i hp, di c dng vc bin, xy ra
hin tng ht chm v thch quyn, v d dc
theo vc bin Peru-Chil hoc ai ni la Ty
Thi Bnh Dng.
subeconomic (marginal) mineral reserves
[14750] : tr lng khong sn ngoi cn i,
tr lng cn kinh t.
Tr lng m vic khai thc s dng n hin
ti cha c li v mt kinh t hoc cha th thc
hin v mt k thut v cng ngh, song mt
phn trong s c th chuyn thnh tr lng
kinh t trong tng lai.
subepoch [14751] : ph th, phn th.
n v a thi ng vi mt phn ca th.
subera [14752] : ph i, phn i.
n v a thi ng vi mt phn ca i, t
s dng.
subfluvial [14753] : c t vo hoc c
hnh thnh y sng (thm tch y sng).
subgeologic map [14754] : bn a cht.
Bn a cht th hin s phn b ca
605
nhng thnh h nm ngay trn mt khng
chnh hp.
subglacial [14755] : di lp t bng h.
subgrade [14756] : lp t nn ngay di
mng cng trnh.
subgrade surface [14757] : b mt lp nn
di mng cng trnh.
subgroup [14758] : ph lot; phn lot.
Gm mt s h tng trong mt lot, phn bit
vi cc h tng khc ca lot.
subhedral [14759] : na t hnh.
1- Ch ht khong vt c mt phn gii hn
bi mt hu t ca chnh n v mt phn bi
mt tip xc vi ht khong vt c trc, l kt
qu ca qu trnh kt tinh hoc ti kt tinh .
2- Ch hnh dng ca tinh th c tnh trung
gian gia a din v phi a din. Thut ng c
xut khi Cross et al (1906) trch dn cc hp
phn ca xm nhp v u tin chn t trn
cng vi t tng ng: hypidiomorphic v
hypautomorphic (c nh ngha ln u tin).
subhedron [14760] : hnh bn din.
Thut ng hnh hc ch hnh dng vt rn
c gii hn mt phn bi mt phng. Thut
ng c Cross et al (1906) p dng cho hp
phn ca xm nhp, c mt phn c gii
hn bi mt hu t ca ring chng.
Sn: subhedrons; subhedra.
subhercynian orogeny [14761] : to ni
Hecxini, to ni Hecxini mun.
Mt trong 30 pha to ni ca Stille xy ra
trong Phanerozoi vo Creta mun gia k Turon
v k Senon.
subhorizontal fracture [14762] : nt v gn
nh nm ngang.
Cc cu trc ph hy c gc dc nh hn 20o.
subjacent [14763] : st di.
Thut ng ch mt lp nm st di mt
lp c th cao hn hoc mt khng
chnh hp.
subjacent karst [14764] :
n: interstratal karst.
sublimation [14765] : s thng hoa.
Qu trnh trm tch qung nh sulphur hoc
thy ngn do bay hi; s bay hi ha v di
chuyn ca khong vt c ni tip bi s trm
ng do gim nhit , p sut. Cc khong
sng thng hoa thng i km vi hot ng
phun kh.
submarine bar [14766] : ct dc b b
ngp nc ngay c khi triu kit.
submarine barchan [14767] : cn li lim
di bin, vt gn sng ct khng i xng,
rng, hnh li lim trn y bin di t 1m
n >100m.
submarine canyon [14768] : mng, rnh, hm
di bin.
1- Mng hoc thung lng c trc din ch V,
sn dc dc thm lc a hoc sn lc a c
cc nhnh v tng t nh hm do sng ct.
2- Thut ng chung cho tt c cc thung lng
trn y bin su. n: submarine valley.
submarine cone [14769] : nn di bin.
n: submarine fan.
submarine delta [14770] : tam gic chu
di bin.
Trm tch dng tam gic, dng nn, qut
di bin. Cc nn di bin c hnh thnh
do s lng ng ca cc dng ct xoy a cc
vt liu n hm di bin. n: submarine fan.
submarine fan [14771] : qut di bin.
Tch t dng qut hoc dng nn ngun gc
lc a ca cc sng rng chy v pha bin ti
cc mng di bin.
n: submarine cone; abyssal cone; abyssal
fan; subsea apron; deep sea-fan; submarine
delta; sea fan.
submarine geology [14772]:a cht y bin.
Mn hc chuyn nghin cu a cht y bin.
submarine geomorphology [14773] : a mo
hc y bin.
Mt nhnh ca a cht bin, nghin cu cc
dng a hnh y i dng v cc lc lm bin
i chng.
submarine plain [14774]:ng bng y bin.
n: plain of marine erosion; submarine
platform.
submarine plateau [14775] : cao nguyn
y bin.
a hnh cao ca y bin thng > 200m,
rng, nh bng.
submarine platform [14776] : ng bng
y bin.
Vng t bng phng, rng di bin.
n: submarine plain.
submarine ridge [14777] : sng ni y bin.
n: ridge.
submarine valley [14778] : thung lng
y bin.
n: submarine canyon.
submarine volcano [14779] : ni la di y
bin, thng l basal toleit.
submarinespring [14780] : ngun phun nc
di bin.
606
 Ngun nc ngt rng phun ln i xa b
thng lin kt vi vng karst b, i khi vi
cc ng dung nham.
submature [14781] : gn trng thnh.
V c im a hnh tri qua giai on
trng thnh nhng cha trng thnh hon
ton, v d: ng b gn trng thnh c
c trng bi mi nh b ct li v bi gn
ct chn ca vnh; do ging nh mt ng
b b chia ct dng vnh c trc.
submaximum [14782] : cc i.
im cc i th hai thy c trong th.
submeander [14783] : khc un ph.
Khc un nh trong cc dng chnh,
thng c lu lng thp.
submerged coastal plain [14784] : ng bng
ven b b chm ngp.
Thm lc a th hin s tip tc v pha
bin ca ng bng b bin trn t lin.
submerged shoreline [14785] : ng b b
chm ngp.
ng b c c nhn bit bi trm tch bi
bin ct, than bn m ph hoc tng ven b
vn ang cn b ngp trong nuc. v d nh cc
ng b c tm thy cc su t 10m-
140m, c tui t Pleistocen mun ti Holocen
sm.
submerged unit weight [14786] : trng lng
ring ca t di mc nc ngm.
submerged valley [14787] : thung lng b
chm ngp.
Thung lng b h thp, chm ngp.
submergence [14788] : chm ngp.
S dng cao mc nc so vi tng quan t
lin. Nhng vng trc y kh th nay li b
ngp nc do ln chm t lin hoc do nng
cao mc nc.
submetallic luster [14789] : nh bn kim.
nh khong vt nm gia nh kim v nh phi
kim. V d cromit c nh kim n bn kim.
subparallel [14790] : v tuyn.
subparallel fault [14791] : t gy v tuyn.
t gy c phng gn nh song song vi v
tuyn.
subperiod [14792] : ph k, phn k.
Phn v a thi chim mt phn ca k
nhng di hn th, ng vi ph h, phn h
(subsystem) ca thi a tng.
subsequent [14793] : hu k tip.
c im a hnh hoc a cht c s pht
trin v sau b khng ch bi s khc nhau ca
sc khng xi mn ca cc nm di; v
d: g hu k tip c hnh thnh bi xi mn
khc nhau ca g k tip. Thc hu k tip c
to ra mt dng chy ct c vo rt cng
chc. Thung lng hu k tip pht trin dc theo
ng phng ca gc n nghing c sc
khng yu.
subsequent fold [14794] : np un th sinh,
np un k tha, np un cho.
Np un pht trin trn cnh ca mt np
un khc.
subsequent valley [14795] : thung lng theo
ng phng.
Sng nhnh to ra c thung lng ca n
(ch yu do xi mn v pha u ngun) dc
theo mt i km bn vng nm di v do
c iu chnh theo cu trc khu vc, c
bit l dng chy chy dn theo ng phng
ca nm di.
n: subconsequent stream; subconsequent
strick stream; longitudinal stream.
subseries [14796] : ph thng (lot); phn
thng (lot).
Mt phn ca thng (lot) c n v a thi
tng ng l ph th (phn th).
subsidence [14797] : st ln.
S h xung t ngt hoc t t ca mt t
trn mt vng rng ln t hoc khng phi do
chuyn ng ngang gy ra. Nguyn nhn chnh
ca s st ln c th do cc qu trnh a cht t
nhin nh s ha tan, s ha lng, s co ngt
ca cc lp bn di hoc s dch chuyn ca
cc cht lu trong cc tng bn di gy ra.
subsidence area [14798] : vng st ln.
Khu vc b st ln.
subsidence associated with [14799] :
St ln lin quan vi khai o, khai thc pha
cnh treo (ca t gy, thn qung, v.v.).
subsidence caldera [14800] : lng ni la;
caldera st.
subsidiary anticline [14801] : np li th cp,
np li bc 2.
Np li pht trin trn cnh ca mt np li.
subsidiary fault [14802] : t gy th cp, t
gy bc 2.
t gy l nhnh ca t gy chnh.
subsidiary fold [14803] : np un th cp.
n: parasitic fold.
subsoil [14804]:t nn di mng cng trnh.
subsolidus [14805] : cn cng.
H ha hc nm di im nng chy,
cc phn ng ha hc ch xy ra trng
thi cng.
607
 subsolution [14806] : ha tan ngm.
Qu trnh b gm mn ca y bin, thnh
phn carbonat c kt cng do ha tan ngm.
subsolvus [14807] : kim.
Ni v cc granit, syenit v syenit nephe-
lin c cha c hai feldspar kali v plagioclas.
substage [14808] : ph bc, phn bc ; ph
thi, phn thi ; b phn tip sng.
1- Phn v tng ng mt phn ca bc, c
n v a thi tng ng l ph k, phn k.
2- n v thi gian a cht thnh to mt
tp. Hin t dng.
3- Trong knh hin vi, l b phn gia nicon
phn cc v cc chi tit khc nm di bn knh.
substitute [14809] : substitut.
Cht thay th. Bt c cht no c dng
lm gi (bt chc) ngc. V d cht do,
thy tinh, cht gn, rubi tng hp hoc spinel t
nhin lm gi rubi t nhin.
substitution [14810] : thay th.
n: ionic substitution.
substitution solid solution [14811] : dung
dch cng thay th.
(kv) Tinh th trong hai hoc nhiu hn cc
nguyn t khc nhau c th chim cng mt v
tr cu trc mng. Ss: omission solid solution.
substitutional transformation [14812] :
chuyn th.
Mt kiu bin chuyn tinh th t pha mt trt
t (ca dung dch rn thay th) sang pha trt t,
thng l s chuyn t t.
substrate [14813] : mt ghp.
(kv). Tinh th xut hin mt ghp.
subsurface [14814] : mt di su.
Mt cc lp su c xc nh bng ti
liu khoan hoc a vt l.
subsurface geology [14815] : mn a cht
di su.
Mn a cht hc chuyn nghin cu v a
cht, i snh a tng, c im cu trc,...
di su hoc y bin bng cc cng trnh hoc
cc phng php a vt l.
subsurface map [14816] : bn a cht
di su.
Bn a cht th hin cc ti liu hoc c
im a cht di mt t, v d Bn cu to cookeit.
m, Bn ng cu trc, Bn tng cha
(du, kh), Bn cc va khong sn ngm, v.v.
subsurface water [14817] : nc di t.
n: ground water, subterranean water,
underground water.
subsystem [14818] : ph h; phn h.
Phn v tng ng mt phn ca h, c s
dng trong mt vi trng hp c th nh ph
h Missisipi ca h Carbon.
subterrane [14819] : y, di t.
Cc nm bn di mt khong th hoc
mt thnh h a cht no .
subterranean [14820] : di t.
Hnh thnh hoc th hin di mt t;
nh v trong Tri t. n: subterrestrial; sub-
terrane.
subterranean water [14821] : nc di t.
n: ground water; underground water.
subtractive color [14822] : nhng mu sc
c to ra khi tr mu ban u t mu trng.
Tr nhng mu u tin l cyan, magenta, v
mu vng.
succession [14823] : ni tip; lin tip.
Mt s phn v thch a tng hoc nhiu lp
ni tip nhau theo trnh t thi gian th hin
ct a tng hay trong vt l.
succinic acid [14824] : acid sucinic.
Acid dicarboxylic kt tinh, c cng thc l:
HOOCCH2CH2COOH, mt hp phn ca v
cy, gp trong nhm h phch (nhng khng
phi nhm retinit) ca nha ho .
succinite [14825] : sucinit.
1- Tn c, dng cho h phch, c bit l
loi c khai thc ng Prussia hoc ly t
bin Baltic.
2- Granat grosula mu vng sng, mu h
phch.
suction [14826] : ht, lc ht do mao dn.
sudburyite [14827] : sudburyit.
Khong vt h su phng: (Pd, Ni)Sb.
sudden drawdown [14828] : h mc nc
nhanh, tho nc trong h cha nhanh.
n: rapid drawdown.
Sudetic orogeny [14829] : to ni Sudet.
Mt trong 30 pha to ni ca Stille, xy ra
trong Phanerozoi gia Cacbon sm v Cacbon
mun.
sudoite [14830] : sudoit.
Khong vt nhm clorit, trong di tm
mt nm trong lp 2: 1 T-O-T l tm mt i,
di gia lp l tm mt ba. Sudoit ngho Li hn
suessite [14831] : suesit.
Khong vt trong thin thch: Fe3Si. Lin
quan v cu trc tinh th vi kamacit v Fe3Si
tng hp.
sufficient estimate [14832] : c lng .
c lng y(x1,x2,...,xn) ca tham s gi
608
l c lng , nu hm ng dng vi tp mu
chn c th vit di dng L(x1,x2,...,xn)
L1(y,) vi y y(x1,x2,...,xn) trong L2
khng ph thuc v . Trong trng hp ny
phn phi xc sut ca (x1,x2,...,xn) vi iu
kin {y=y} khng b ph thuc nn c lng
ca tham s s cha tt c cc thng tin v
c trong tp mu chn. c lng c hiu qu
nht thit phi l c lng .
sugar stone [14833] : ng.
Datolit cht st, mu trng n hng, gp
khu m ng Michigan (Pough, 1967).
sugilite [14834] : sugilit.
Khong vt, thnh vin ca nhm osumilit:
(K,Na)(Na,H2O)(Fe,Na,Ti)2(Li,Al,Fe)3Si12O30.
suite [14835] : ip; lot.
1- n v c bn ca thang a tng khu vc
trong h thng phn loi a tng Lin X, cng
ph bin Vit Nam trc y. ip c phn
chia theo cc c im trm tch, tng v
sinh vt, bao gm mt tp hp trm tch thnh
to trong mt i tng cu trc, mt khu vc
c hon cnh a l t nhin nht nh. ip c
tn gi theo a danh ni chun a tng
(stratotyp) ca ip c m t. ip thng
gm nhiu tp, c chia ra cc ph (phn)
ip.
2- Theo h thng danh php a tng Bc
M, ip c so snh vi lot trong o v a
cht, s dng phn chia cc xm nhp, phun
tro hay bin cht. Hin nay nc ta khng s
dng tn gi ny cho vic phn chia magma.
sukulaite [14836] : sukulait.
Khong vt nhm pyroclo: Sn2Ta2O7.
sulcate [14837] : khe, rnh.
Thuc mt ci rnh, khe hay b rch mt
ng khe, nht l theo chiu dc, v d ni v
mt dng un np xen k v Tay cun vi
mnh lng mang mt rnh gia v mt sinus
gia ng khp trc.
sulcus [14838] : khe, rnh.
Mt ng lm dc chnh trn b mt mi
mnh v ca Tay cun hng phn lm ra bn
ngoi v ta tia t nh, thng nm gia
mnh v i km cc np gp ca v; ng lm
nng ko di mt bn ca mt v Ostracoda t
vng lng v pha bng; mt di lm ta tia trn
b mt v Thn mm hai mnh; mt rnh chy
dc mt bng v Chn u dng Cc .
sulfate [14839] : sulfat.
Khong vt, c thnh phn c trng bi gc
SO4. Sulfat khan nh barit, BaSO4, c cation ho
tr hai, lin kt vi gc sulfat. Sulfat baz v
ngm nc nh thch cao, CaSO4.2H2O, cha
cc phn t nc. Cn c vit l sulphate.
sulfide [14840] : sulfua.
Cc khong vt c thnh phn c trng bi
mi lin kt ca lu hunh vi kim loi hay
kim nh galen-PbS, hay pyrit-FeS2. Cn c
vit l sulphide. n: sulfosalt.
sulfide enrichment [14841] : lm giu sulfua.
S lm giu m qung bi s thay th mt
sulfua ny bng mt sulfua khc giu thnh
phn c ch hn. V d pyrit c thay bi
chalcocit.
sulfide mineral [14842] : khong vt sulfua.
Hp cht do s kt hp gia lu hunh vi
kim loi hoc kim.
sulfide zone [14843] : i sulfua.
1- Mt phn ca m sulfua khng b oxy ha
bi nc gn mt.
2- M khong c hnh dng lp ph, trong
s lm giu sulfua th sinh l mt phn ca i
oxy ha. n: secondary sulfide zone.
sulfide-facies iron formation [14844] : thnh
h st tng sulfua.
Thnh h st cha cc tm pyrit c carbon.
c trng cho ch thnh to su, kh oxy
bin v h.
sulfidization [14845] : sulfua ho.
n: sulfurization.
sulfite [14846] : sulfit.
Mui ca acid sulfuro (H2SO3), v d sulfit
natri (Na2SO3).
sulfite-reducing clostridia [14847]: clostridia
kh sulfit.
Nhm ln cc vi khun k kh gram dng,
to bo t. Trong t nhin chng thng sng
trong t hoc rut gi ca ngi v ng vt.
a s loi trong nhm l cc sinh vt hot sinh
trong t. Bo t ca chng c th sng mt thi
gian di trong phn, t bi v nc. S c mt
ca chng trong nc chng t nc b nhim
bn bi phn t xa hay gin on. Chng c kh
nng kh sulfit thnh sulphur.
sulfoborite [14848] : sulfoborit.
Khong vt: Mg3B2(SO4)(OH)10. Cng vit l:
sulphoborite.
sulfohalite [14849] : sulfohalit.
n: sulphohalite.
sulfosalt [14850] : mui sulfua, sulfo mui.
Mt loi sulfua, trong c mt c kim loi
ln kim, kt hp vi lu hunh to sulfua kp,
609
v d enargit, Cu3AsS4.
sulfurization [14851] : sulfur ho, lu hunh
ha.
Phn ng gia lu hunh t ngun ngoi vi
cc cation nh st, nickel, ng trong dung dch
rn ca cc khong vt to thng thng,
hoc trong magma xm nhp c coi l qu
trnh to qung. n: sulfidization.
sulfur [14852] : lu hunh, sulfur (S); lu
hunh t sinh.
1- (h) Nguyn t ha hc s 16, nguyn t
lng 32,0666; t trng 2 g/cm cm3, thuc nhm
khng kim loi nh, biophil, chalcophil, c 4
ng v bn v 13 khng bn. Hm lng S
trong cc (ppm): v lc a trn l 953; siu
mafic 600; gabro-basalt 900; granit-granodiorit
100; phin 1100; trong t 800, trong nc
i dng 905 mg/l. Cc khong vt tiu biu l
lu hunh t sinh, pyrit, galena, sphalerit, thch
cao, anhydrit, v.v. Phng php phn tch: ICP-
AES. Dng S trong cc lnh vc ngnh ha, cao
su, dim, y t, dit nm, thuc sng. Cn vit l:
sulphur. n: brimstone.
2- (kv) Khong vt h trc thoi, nguyn t
phi kim S t nhin, to cc tinh th mu vng
cc sui nc nng v ming ni la, to cc
khi hoc cc lp i cng vi hoa, thch cao,
anhydrit. c bit n c thnh to trm tch
lp y, lp nh trong cc vm mui. Lu
hunh tn ti mt s dng bin hnh, bao gm
bin th h trc thoi mu vng, thng thng
bn vng di 95,5oC v dng kt tinh mu vng
nht. X: rosickyite. n: brimstone; Thut ng
khai khong ch sulfua st (pyrit) gp trong cc
va than cng vi qung km Wisconsin v
Missuri.
sulfur bacteria [14853] : vi khun lu hunh,
vi khun sulfur.
Loi vi khun c kh nng oxy ha cc hp
cht lu hunh.
sulfur ball [14854] : lu hunh, bn lu
hunh, bn sulfur.
1- Tp cht pyrit trong than, thng l cc
khi hnh cu hoc c hnh th bt nh.
2- Lp v bn cha lu hunh c cc bong
bng gas ni la nng v tr nn cng rn khi
tip xc vi khng kh.
sulfur spring [14855]: ngun nc lu hunh,
ngun nc sulfur.
Ngun nc cha cc hp cht lu hunh
nh hydrosulfua.
sulfur water [14856] : nc lu hunh,
nc sulfur.
Loi nc cha hydro sulphur c th nhn
bit bng mi trng thi, c th dng lm
nc khong cha bnh.
sulphatite [14857] : sulphatit.
Acid sulfuric t do H2SO4, tm thy trong
mt vi loi nc.
sulphoborite [14858] : sulphoborit.
n: sulfoborite.
sulphohalite [14859] : sulfohalit.
Khong vt: Na6(SO4)2FCl. Cng vit l:
sunfohalite.
sulphotsumoite [14860] : sulphotsumoit.
Khong vt: Bi3Te2S.
sulphur [14861] : lu hunh (S), lu hunh
t sinh.
n: sulfua.
sulphur ore [14862] : qung sulphur.
Dng ch c pyrit v lu hunh t sinh trong
ngnh khai m.
sulvanite [14863] : sulvanit.
Khong vt ng hng mu vng thau:
Cu3VS4. ng nhm vi sylvanit.
summit eruption [14864] : phun tro nh.
S phun tro t nh ni la.
summit plain [14865] : ng bng nh.
n: peak plain.
sump [14866] : bn nc trong hang.
Li thot ca bn nc nm bn di b mt
bn (siphng).
Sun [14867] : Mt tri, Thi dng.
sundtite [14868] : sundtit.
n: andorite.
sun opal [14869] : opal la.
n: fire opal.
sunstone [14870] : sunstone.
Mt tri, l feldspar aventurin, l th
oligoclas bn trong, lp lnh, pht ra cc tia mu
nht hoc vng do phn x nh sng t cc
tm nh hematit phn b u khp v song song
vi mt song tinh lin phin. Ss: moonstone.
n: heliolite.
suolunite [14871] : suolunit.
Khong vt: Ca2Si2O5(OH)2.H2O.
supercell [14872] : siu .
c s ca siu mng.
supercooling [14873] : qu ngui.
H gi n nhit thp. nhit thp,
mt pha hay nhiu pha khong vt mc d nm
di nhit cn bng m vn t iu kin
cn bng.
supercritical [14874] : qu ti hn.
610
 H nm nhit cao hn nhit ti hn,
hay dng ch nhit qu ti hn.
supercritical flow [14875] : dng chy nhanh.
supercrop [14876] : vt l nm trn.
Vt l ca no , nm trc tip trn mt
loi cho hoc trn mt b mt (khng
chnh hp) ng vi mt thi gian cho trc.
supercrop map [14877] : bn cc
nm trn.
Bn a cht ch r s phn b ca mt
loi nm trn mt khng chnh hp hoc trn
mt loi no .
superelevation [14878] : cao ln hn,
cao ln.
superfacies [14879] : hp tng; lin tng.
Tng a tng bc cao, thng gm hai hay
nhiu tng a tng.
superficial fold [14880] : np un lin quan
vi t gy chm nghch.
superfluent lava flow [14881] : dng dung
nham chy nhanh, chy xit.
Dng dung nham phun ra t ming nh ni
la v chy dc theo sn ni la.
superformance [14882] : tng t s tn
hiu, nhiu.
n: signal to noise performance.
supergroup [14883] : hp lot; lin lot.
S tp hp cc lot hoc lot v cc h tng
k tip nhau, nhng khng trng vi thng.
Ss: megagroup.
superheating [14884] : qu nng.
1- S b sung nhit nhiu hn so vi cn
thit hon thnh s chuyn pha;
2- Trong magma, s b sung nhit nhiu hn
cn thit gy nng chy hon ton. Nhit
nng cao trn ng lng gi l qu nhit;
3- Qu trnh tng nhit vt qu gii hn cn
bng pha, ngha l trng thi gi s, c ngha
tng t nh qu ngui.
superimposed dispersion haloes [14885] :
vnh phn tn chng cht.
Cc nguyn t ha hc to qung di chuyn
khi thn qung, nh cc hin tng dng chy
thm thu hnh thnh cc i hm lng cao
trn thn qung. Ty theo c im phn b v
v tr tng quan vi b mt hin i m chia ra:
vnh phn tn chng cht h, vnh phn tn
chng cht h khng lin tc, vnh phn tn
chng cht kn, vnh phn tn chng cht kn
chn vi.
superimposed fan [14886] : qut aluvi mi
c tch t c dc ln hn so vi qut c
m n pht trin trn .
L kt qu ca vn ng kin to khi u
mt thi k tch t mi.
superimposed fold [14887] : np un chng.
n: cross fold.
superimposed metamorphism [14888] : bin
cht chng.
superimposition [14889] : xp; chng.
n: superposition.
superjacent [14890] : k trn.
Mt lp nm st hoc ph trc tip trn mt
lp nm di hoc mt bt chnh hp.
superlattice [14891] : siu mng (hay siu
cu trc).
Mng tinh th ca mt cht, trong do thay
th ho hc hoc s sp xp nguyn t m mt
hay nhiu hn chu k tnh tin tr thnh bi s
ca chng trong nhng bin th trt t hoc
trong cht khng c s thay th.
n: superstructure.
superparamagnetism [14892] : siu thun t.
Trng thi thun t ca mt tp hp cc ht
cc nh ca khong vt t tnh st hai hoc t
tnh st ba.
superperiod [14893] : hp k, lin k.
n v a thi c v tr trung gian gia k v
i, tng ng vi thng h, hp h ca thi
a tng, tng ng v thi gian vi hp h
supersystem.
superperiodicity [14894] : siu chu k.
Hng s trong mt siu mng trt t, l
bi s n gin ca mt hng tng ng trong
mt mng con mt trt t, l chu k ca siu
mng.
superposed [14895] : vit tt ca superim-
posed (Mc Gee, 1988) c ngha l chng ln,
chng cht.
superposed fold [14896] : np un chng
cht.
n: superimposed fold.
superposition [14897] : xp chng; trt t.
Qu trnh tch t cc lp, lp trm tch tr
hn nm trn lp trm tch c hn.
n: superimposition; superaposition.
supersaturated solution [14898] : dung dch
qu bo ha.
Dung dch cha nhiu cht tan hn bnh
thng, khi trng thi cn bng c xc
lp gia dung dch bo ha v dung dch di
bo ha.
superseries [14899] : hp thng; lin thng.
n v gm hai hoc nhiu thng, t s dng.
611
 superstage [14900] : hp bc; lin bc.
n v gm mt vi Bc k nhau nhng
khng trng vi thng hoc ph thng.
superstructure [14901] : tng cu trc trn,
siu cu trc.
1- Cc tng thuc tng cu trc trn ca ai
un np to ni phn nh qu trnh bin dng
ca phn nng, gn b mt khc vi phn bn
di b bin dng v un np phc tp.
2- n: superlattice.
supersuite [14902] : hp ip; lin ip; hp
lot; lin lot.
n v theo th t cao hn ip hoc phc h
c mi lin h vi nhau theo chiu thng ng
hay chiu ngang. Trong o v bn , hp ip
(supersuite) tng ng vi hp lot
(supergroup) v th bc. Tn ca phn v thng
c kt hp vi tn a danh.
supersystem [14903] : hp h; thng h.
n v a tng gm mt s H, c th cn
thit trong mt s trng hp ring bit.
n: erathem.
superterranean [14904] : trn mt.
Th hin trn mt t, pha trn mt t.
superzone [14905] : siu i.
Tp hp hai hoc nhiu i vo trong mt
n v ln hn.
support stiffness and support pressure for
concrete lining [14906] : cng v p sut
tr lc ca lp b tng lt (hm, l).
supraposition [14907] : xp chng; th t.
n: superposition.
suprastructure [14908] : siu cu trc.
n: superstructure.
supratennous fold [14909] : np un do
mt mng.
Np un c b dy vm np lm ln nhng
vm np li li nh, do mt mng khng
bng phng.
surcharge [14910] : ti trng, ti trng cht
thm ln nn.
n: surcharge load.
surface active agents [14911] : cc cht hot
ng b mt.
Cc cht c kh nng lm gim sc cng b
mt nh dodexylbenzen sunfonic acid (DBSA),
linear ankylbenzen sunfonic acid (LAS),
sunfonic acid ca alcol bo (FAS) c dng
trong cng nghip sn xut bt git tng hp v
cc cht ty ra khc, trong DBSA l cht c
phn hy sinh hc rt thp (di 30%) nn c
kh nng gy nhim mi trng nng. V vy
Th tng Chnh ph c ch th cm s dng
DBSA vo vic sn xut bt git tng hp k
t 1/4/1996.
surface conductivity [14912] : tnh dn in
b mt.
Tnh dn in theo b mt ca mt khong
vt xc nh, gy ra do s d tha cation trong
lp khuych tn hoc cation hp ph.
surface course (pavement) [14913] : lp mt
ng, lp o ng, lp bo v.
n: surfacing.
surface drainage [14914] : tiu nc b mt.
S di chuyn ca nc t do trn mt t,
hay s ngn cn khng cho nc ngm vo t
bng cc phng cch t nhin hay nhn to.
surface of sliding [14915] : b mt trt, mt
dch chuyn.
Mt tip xc gia khi t b trt v khi
t khng b dch chuyn.
surface of unconformity [14916] : mt khng
chnh hp.
B mt tip xc gia hai phc h c quan
h khng chnh hp, v d mt bo mn ca lp
c hn nm di lp tr hn. B mt tip
xc gia hai thnh to a cht c quan h
khng chnh hp. n: unconformity.
surface runoff [14917] : dng chy mt.
Cc dng chy trn mt t thng xuyn
hay tm thi.
surface tension [14918]:ng sut cng b mt.
surface wash [14919] : ra la trn mt.
n: sheet erosion.
surface water [14920] : nc mt.
Ton b nc thin nhin nm trn mt t,
c b mt tip xc vi kh quyn (sng, sui,
m, h, bin, i dng, v.v.).
surinamite [14921] : surinamit.
Khong vt: (Al, Mg, Fe)3(Si, Al)2(O, OH)8.
sursassite [14922] : sursasit.
Khong vt: Mn5Al4Si5O21.3H2O.
susannite [14923] : susanit.
Khong vt h mt thoi:
Pb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)2, a hnh vi leadilit v
macphersonite.
susceptibility [14924] : t cm.
susceptibility anisotropy [14925] : t cm
d hng.
cm t trong cc khong vt i xng
thp hoc trong c kt cu si hoc mt. N
khng hon ton song song vi t trng cm
ng v cn ph thuc vo hng v t ho cm
ng. n: magnetic anisotropy.
612
 sussexite [14926] : susexit.
Khong vt mu trng: (Mn,Mg)BO2(OH),
ng hnh vi szaibelyit.
sustainable development [14927] : pht trin
bn vng (pht trin lu bn).
S pht trin kinh t-x hi lnh mnh da
trn vic s dng hp l ti nguyn v bo v
mi trng nhm p ng nhu cu ca th h
con ngi hin nay m khng gy nh hng bt
li i vi cc th h tng lai trong vic tha
mn nhng nhu cu ca h.
sutural element [14928] : yu t ca
ng khu.
Mt trong nhng ng ln sng chnh
ng khu ca v Chn u, nh l yn
v thy.
suture [14929] : ng khu, ng vch.
ng ghp ni ca mt vch ngn v
Chn u vi mt trong ca thnh v, thng t
nhiu ln sng hay gy khc v ch nhn thy
khi thnh v b bc i; ng ni vo nhau gia
hai vng cun ca v Chn bng c hnh xon
c trn b mt ngoi, cng nh xung quanh trc
b mt trong, khi v c rn h; mt ghp vo
nhau gia nhng tm nm gn nhau Cu gai,
cng l ng ranh gii trn b mt nh du
din tip xc gia hai tm gip nhau; ng tip
xc gia hai phng hoc gia hai vng cun ca
Trng l; ng vt c xng sng l mt
khp ni gia cc xng ghp vi nhau bi m
si lin kt, m ngi trng thnh khp ni
ny tr nn vng chc lm cho cc mnh xng
tr thnh mt n v.
suture joint [14930] : khe nt ng khu.
Khe nt dng rng ca rt nh.
suture zone [14931] : i khu.
i ghp ni gn kt hai cu trc hoc
hai mng.
suzukiite [14932] : suzukiit.
Khong vt: (Ba, Sr)V+4Si2O7 cha bari tng
ng vi haradait.
svabite [14933] : svabit.
Khong vt khng mu, trng pht vng hoc
xm thuc nhm apatit: Ca5(AsO4)3F, c th
cha photpho, ch, magnesi, hoc mangan.
svanbergite [14934] : svanbergit.
Khong vt h mt thoi, khng mu, trng
pht vng, hng n nu pht :
SrAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6, ng hnh vi corkit,
hinsdalit, v Wudhouseit.
sveite [14935] : sveit.
Khong vt c tm thy trong hang ng:
KAl7(NO3)4Cl2(OH)16.8H2O.
sverigeite [14936] : sverigeit.
Khong vt: NaMgMnBe2SnSi3O12(OH).
svetlozarite [14937] : svetlozarit.
Khong vt h zeolit:
(Ca,K2,Na2)Al2(Si, Al)12O28.6H2O.
svitalskite [14938] : svitalskit.
n: celadonite.
svyazhinite [14939] : svyazhinit.
Khong vt lin quan vi aubertit:
(Mg,Mn,Ca) (Al,Fe+3)(SO4)2F.14H2O.
swale [14940] : trng ng ly.
Trng di, hp, nng hai g bi bin.
n: low, furrow, slash, runnel.
swallet [14941] : dng chy m.
n: sinking stream.
swallow hole [14942] : h st, phu st.
1-Khu vc t b ln st, h st do hang
ngm b sp. n: sink hole.
2-L ht nc. Trng kn hoc ging ht mt
phn hoc ton b nc ca dng chy thnh
dng nc ngm.
3- Li thot nc ngm ca h.
swamboite [14943] : svamboit.
Khong vt lin quan vi nhm uranophan:
U1/3H2(UO2SiO4).10H2O.
swamp [14944] : bi ly, m ly.
B phn t thp ngp nc, c cy bi, c
hoc khng c thnh to than bn.
n: bog.
swartzite [14945] : suartzit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
CaMg(UO2)(CO3)3.12H2O.
swash bar [14946] : ct sng v b.
ct di ng, nh, c hnh thnh cao hn
mc nc tnh do sng dn ln v c mt ph
nh pha t lin ca . ct sng trn
qua c.
swash channel [14947] : knh sng v.
Eo hp hoc lch th sinh nm bn trong b
sng hoc gia b sng v b bin.
swash mark [14948] : du sng v.
G rt nh trn bi bin, nh du ch tin
vo xa nht ca sng v b, li v pha t lin.
n: wave line; wavemark; debris line.
swash pool [14949] : vng sng v.
Vng nc nng pha sau ct sng v.
swash way [14950] :
n: swash channel.
swedenborgite [14951] : suedenborgit.
Khong vt: NaBe4SbO7.
sweetite [14952] : suitit.
613
 Khong vt: Zn(OH)2.
swell [14953] : n, trng n.
t c th b trng n khi hp th nc.
swelling chlorite [14954] : clorit n.
Khong vt ging clorit gp trong st, bin
i nh clorit khi b nung nng, nhng li
trng n theo hng vung gc vi mt c s
khi c ngm trong glyxerin. Cha lp
hydroxyl (brucit hoc gibsit) khng lp y. C
th coi n l loi clorit xen kp c bit vi
smectit hoc vermiculit. n: pseudochlorite.
swelling pressure [14955] : p lc trng n
ca t.
swelling test [14956] : th nghim trng n.
Sau th nghim ti, c th tin hnh thm th
nghim trng n i vi cc loi c du
hiu trng n. Bn cht ca th nghim l xc
nh nhng bin i th tch ca mu vt trc
v sau khi ngm trong nc. Tuy nhin, th
nghim ny cn rt nhiu thi gian v do vy,
trong thc t khng c xp vo loi th
nghim ch th hng u.
swimming stone [14957] : ni.
n: floatstone.
swinefordite [14958] : suinefordit.
Khong vt h n nghing: (Li, Ca, Na) (Al,
Li, Mg)4(Si, Al)8O20(OH, F)4.
switzerite [14959] : suitzerit.
Khong vt: (Mn, Fe)3(PO4)2. 4H2O.
sychnodymite [14960] : sychnodymit.
n: carrollite.
syenide [14961] : syenid.
Tn gi thc a gi khng cn chnh xc
mi loi magma kt tinh ht u, th, cha
mt hoc nhiu feldspar v biotit hay hornblend.
sng mu, khong vt mu t hn mt na
khi lng . C hai loi syenit v diorit
sng mu u c gi l syenid.
syenite [14962] : syenit.
1- Theo phn loi ca IUGS, xm nhp c
Q nm gia 5 v 0, v P/(A+P) nm gia 10
v 35;
2- Nhm xm nhp cha feldspar kim
(thng l orthoclas, microcline hay perthit) v
mt lng t hn plagioclas (t hn trong
monzonit), mt hoc nhiu khong vt sm mu
(hornblend), nu c thch anh th ch l ph;
trachyt l phun tro thnh phn tng ng.
Nu lng thch anh c tng cao th syenit
chuyn thnh granit. syenit ly tn Syene, Ai
Cp, theo A. G. Werner (1788).
syenitoid [14963] : syenittoid.
Theo phn loi ca IUGS, thut ng s b
c dng t tn cho xm nhp c Q<20
hay F<10 v P/(A+P)<65.
syenodiorite [14964] : syenodiorit.
Nhm xm nhp thnh phn trung gian
gia syenit v diorit cha c hai feldspar kim
(thng l orthoclas) v plagioclas. Ni chung,
ng ngha vi monzonite, nhng cng c th
bao gm c hai monzonit v nhng c thnh
phn trung gian gia monzonit v diorit.
syenogabbro [14965] : syenogabro.
xm nhp su khc vi thnh phn ca
gabro v c mt feldspar kim.
sylvanite [14966] : sylvanit.
Khong vt n nghing, mu xm thp,
trng bc, hoc vng thau: (Ag,Au)Te4. Thng
gp di dng tinh m nh rng cy. ng
nhm vi sulvanit hoc sylvinit. Cng vit l:
silvanite. n: graphic tellurium; white tellu-
rium, yellow tellurium ; goldschmidtite.
sylvine [14967] : sylvin.
n: sylvite.
sylvinite [14968] : sylvinit.
Hn hp ca sylvit vi halit, c khai thc
nh qung kali, l cha tp cht ch yu l
clorit kali. Khng nhm vi sylvanit.
sylvite [14969] : sylvit.
Khong vt ng hng mu trng hoc
khng mu: KCl. L khong vt qung c bn
ca hp phn kali. Sylvit gp cng vi halit v
cc cht kh cn khc trong cc va cn mui.
N c v cht hn halit. n: sylvine, leopodite.
symmetrical fold [14970] : np un i xng.
Np un c mt trc thng ng, hai cnh
nghing v hai pha vi gc dc nh nhau.
symmetric bedding [14971] : phn lp
i xng.
Phn lp theo dng nhp, mi nhp gm mt
s lp nh nhau.
symmetry [14972] : i xng.
M hnh lp li ca cc mt tinh th ging
nhau, n phn nh s sp xp c trt t bn
trong ca cht kt tinh. Ni chnh xc hn, l
c tnh bt bin ca b ngoi, cu trc, cc
tnh cht c hng ca tinh th di tc dng
ca cc php bin i nh php quay, phn x,
chiu qua tm, v t hp cc tc dng
ca chng.
symmetry axis [14973] : trc i xng.
Trong tinh th, mt ng thng tng tng
m cc yu t b ngoi ca tinh th (ng, gc,
mt) c th lp li 2, 3, 4, 6 ln khi quay quanh
614
n. L mt trong s cc yu t i xng.
n: axis of symmetry; rotation axis;
symmetry axis of rotation.
symmetry axis of rotary inversion [14974] :
trc i xng quay nghch o.
n: rotoinvertion axis.
symmetry axis of rotation [14975] : trc i
xng quay.
n: symmetry axis.
symmetry center [14976] : tm i xng.
n: center of symmetry.
symmetry elements [14977] : cc yu t
i xng.
Cc trc, mt phng, tm i xng c
dng m t tnh i xng ca tinh th. C 32
t hp cc yu t i xng. Mi t hp l mt
lp tinh th. n: elements of symmetry.
symmetry operations [14978] : php bin i
i xng.
Cc chuyn ng khc nhau ca tinh th vn
bo m cho tinh th v cc tnh cht c hng
ca n l bt bin. l php quay quanh mt
trc, phn x qua mt mt phng, chiu qua
tm.
symmetry plane [14979] : mt i xng.
n: plane of mirror symmetry.
symmetry principle [14980] : nguyn l
i xng.
Xc nh phng thc lin h tnh i xng
ca kt cu vi tnh i xng ca cc nhn t
sinh ra n. i xng ca mt h vt l bt k
phi bao gm cc yu t i xng ph bin vi
tt c cc nhn t c lp (cc trng vt l v
cc tnh cht vt l ca mi trng) tham gia
vo h, v c th bao gm c cc yu t i
xng b tr. Tuy nhin, mt yu t i xng bt
k khng c trong h th t nht cng phi
khng c trong mt nhn t tham gia c lp
(Peterson v Weiss, 1961).
symon fault [14981] : t gy symon.
t gy ln vng Coalbrookdale.
symplesite [14982] : symplesit.
Khong vt h ba nghing mu lam, lc lam,
xanh mc nht: Fe3(AsO4)2.8H2O.
symptomatic mineral [14983] : khong vt
chn on.
n: diagnostic mineral.
syn. [14984] : tip u ng vi ngha l
"ng".
synadelphite [14985] : synadelphit.
Khong vt mu en:
(Mn,Mg,Ca,Pb)4(AsO4)(OH)5.
synantectic [14986]: synantectic, ng tectic.
Khong vt nguyn sinh c thnh to do
phn ng ca hai khong vt khc, ta nh s
thnh to ca rim phn ng.
n: deuteric.
synantexis [14987] : ph hy deuteric.
synapsida [14988] : n cung.
Mt phn lp ca B st c c trng l c
mt h thi dng, cc B st ging th theo
ngha hp. Tui: Carbon mun n Trias mun.
synapticula [14989] : thanh ni.
Thanh ngang bng cht vi nm gia v ni
lin hai mt i din ca hai vch k nhau mt
s San h, xuyn qua cc mng tia nm gia cc
vch . Mt "thanh ni phc" l mt thanh
rng do s ni lin nhau ca cc g i din
thuc cc vch k nhau; mt thanh khng trc
bng silic th sinh ni nhng gai k nhau Bt
bin su tia (Hexactinellida); cu trc dng que
nm ngang gia cc vch Chn c.
synapticulotheca [14990] : vch hp nht.
Vch thnh ngoi thng l ca mt San h
su tia n th, do s hp nht ca mt hay
nhiu vng thanh ni to thnh dc trc ca s
phn k cc x.
synapticulum [14991] : thanh ni.
Thanh ni San h.
synatectic [14992] : ng atectic.
Ch khong vt nguyn sinh, hnh thnh t
phn ng gia hai khong vt khc, ging nh
s hnh thnh rim phn ng. n: deuteric.
synatexis [14993] : ng atexis.
L bin i kiu deuteric.
synchisite [14994] : synchisit.
n: synchysite.
synchrone [14995] : ng thi.
1- Mt i c xc nh thi gian bng
nhau.
2- Mt b mt a tng m tt c cc v tr
trn u c tui a cht nh nhau.
n: time plane.
synchronogenic [14996] : thnh to cng tui;
thnh to ng thi.
Cc thnh to c hnh thnh trong cng
mt thi gian a cht, v d ni v c tui
ging nhau hoc gn ging nhau.
synchronous [14997] : cng tui; ng thi.
Xut hin, tn ti hoc hnh thnh ng thi,
cng mt lc. Thut ng s dng cho mt b
mt t m trn tt c mi v tr u cng
tui a cht; v d nh ranh gii ca hai phn v
thi a tng lin tc khng gin on. Cng s
615
dng cho t gy v hot ng xm nhp ng
to ni. n: synchronal; synchronic.
synchysite [14998] : synchysit.
Khong vt: (Ce, La)Ca(CO3)2F. Cng vit
l: synchisite.
synchysite (Y) [14999] : synchysit-(Y).
Khong vt: (Y,Ce)Ca(CO3)2F. Lin quan vi
parisite. n: doverite.
synclinal [15000] : np lm, tn c ca
syncline, dng np lm.
Np un c b cong hng xung pha di.
Trn bnh th nm ca lp u nghing v
pha trung tm, tr hn phn ngoi vi.
synclinal axis [15001] : trc np lm.
Hnh chiu ca giao tuyn gia mt trc ca
np lm vi mt a hnh trn mt phng
nm ngang.
synclinorium [15002] : phc np lm.
Np lm ln, trn cnh pht trin cc np
un th cp.
syncolpate [15003] : c rnh cng hp.
Ni v ht phn c rnh ghp vo nhau
gn cc.
synform [15004] : np un dng lm.
Np un c cnh khp kn v pha di, tc
l c phn un cong hng ln trn, th t a
tng c th khng r, l hnh thi ngc li ca
antiform (np un dng li).
synformal anticline [15005] : np li dng
np lm.
Np li c cc cnh un cong xung pha
di c dng nh np lm.
syngenetic [15006] : ng sinh.
Mt khong sng c hnh thnh cng thi
vi cc vy quanh.
syngenetic karst [15007] : karst ng sinh.
Karst pht trin ng thi vi s thnh
ca vi hoc rn vi.
syngenite [15008] : syngenit.
Khong vt h n nghing, khng mu hoc
mu trng: K2Ca(SO4)2.H2O.
synkinematic [15009] : ng ng hc, ng
kin to.
Cng mt bi cnh ng hc hoc kin to.
synorogenic [15010] : ng to ni.
Xy ra cng vi qu trnh to ni.
synorogenic pluton [15011] : xm nhp ng
to ni.
Xm nhp magma xy ra vo thi k hot
ng to ni.
synsedimentary fault [15012] : t gy ng
trm tch.
t gy thun pht trin ng thi vi qu
trnh trm tch, lm cho b dy ca cng mt lp
cnh treo ln hn cnh nm.
n: growth fault.
syntactic [15013] : syntactic, ghp i.
Dt: syntaxy.
syntactic growth [15014] : sinh trng
syntactic.
n: syntaxy.
syntaxial [15015] : ghp i.
Dt: syntaxy.
syntaxial rim [15016] : rim ghp i, rim
syntaxy.
Mt tinh th nh hng quang hc mc ln
trn mt ht vn, trong qu trnh to
trm tch.
syntaxic [15017] : ghp i.
Dt: syntaxy.
syntaxy [15018] : syntaxy, ghp i.
nh hng tinh th tng t trong mt ht
khong vt hoc phn mc ln ra ca n. Tt:
syntactic; syntaxic; syntaxial.
n: syntactic growth.
syntectic [15019] : cng nng chy.
Dt: syntexis.
syntectite [15020] : syntectit.
hnh thnh do hin tng cng nng chy.
syntectonic pluton [15021] : xm nhp ng
kin to.
syntexis [15022] : cng nng chy.
1- Magma c thnh to do nng chy v
ng ho vy quanh.
2- S thay i thnh phn ca magma do
ng ha.
3- Loi c thnh to do tc dng ca
magma vi vy quanh.
synthem [15023] : synthem, hp th.
Phn v c ranh gii l bt chnh hp, c
cp n do tm quan trng ca cc bt chnh
hp i vi a tng.
synthetic [15024] : tng hp hay nhn to.
Ch cht c ch to ra bi con ngi nh
ngc (rubi, saphir) bng phng php
verneuil, hay kim cng c tng hp t vt
liu cacbon p xut v nhit cc cao. Mt
cht c sn xut bng cch tng hp.
synthetic fault [15025]: t gy th cp thun.
t gy thun to thnh mt nhm song song
vi nhau v song song vi t gy chnh ln
hn, khc vi t gy th cp nghch l nhm
cc t gy thun c mt trt song song vi
nhau nhng ngc chiu vi t gy chnh.
616
 synthetic group [15026] : lot tng hp.
Phn v thch a tng, bao gm hai hay
nhiu h tng c tp hp do s ging nhau
hoc mi quan h gn b v c im ha thch
hoc thch hc.
synthetic stone [15027] : tng hp.
do con ngi lm ra nhng c cc tnh
cht ho l, quang hc, v thnh phn ho hc
ht nh tht hoc t nhin m n ti to.
Rt nhiu loi ngc c tng hp trong phng
th nghim, nhng ch c mt s nh: corinon,
spinel, emerald, rutil, granat, thch anh, cryzo-
beryl (alexadrit), opal, turqua c sn xut c
tnh thng mi, c ch tc nh ngc dng
lm kim hon. n: synthetic; reproduction.
syrinx [15028] : ng gia mnh.
Mt ng ca lp v ph nm gia mt bng
ca phin tam gic mt s Tay cun (v d
Syringothyris) v tch ra dc mt bng v mt
trc ca n.
sysertskite [15029] : sysertskit.
Mt th iridosmine cha 50-80 % osmi (hoc
20-50% iridi). n: siserskite.
system [15030] : h, h thng.
1- (t) Phn v thi a tng quc t, c s
dng rng ri, ng vi ng lng k ca a
thi, l hp phn ca gii v c chia thnh
mt s thng. Cc h ca Phaneozoi c xc
lp theo cc vng hoc khu vc chun v i
snh ch yu bng ha thch. Cho n nay, ranh
gii ca cc h u ang c nghin cu
xc nh thng nht. Mt s h xc lp ban
u chu u, sau ny c iu chnh theo
nghin cu y hn cc khu vc khc.
2- (h) Mt phn ca v tr vt cht c
tch bit hon ton v c lp vi phn cn li
nghin cu s chuyn bin ni ti trong
nhng iu kin bin thin;
3- Mt cp c tnh khi nim gm nhiu
thnh phn to nn mt t hp nhiu hp phn
c th din t. V d nh h CaO-MgO-SiO2.
Ricci ngh phn bit ngha ny ca thut ng
nhit ng hc thng thng bng cch vit ch
hoa t ny. n: crystal system.
4- Mt nhm cc yu t, i tng, ngun
lc t nhin. V d: h thng thot nc, h
thng ni, v.v.
systematic error [15031] : sai s h thng.
Sai s sinh ra do khng iu chnh chnh xc
dng c o hoc do khng thng nht gia cc
k thut vin v cch xc nh mt i lng
no do vy dn n mt lot kt qu quan st
b sai lch i mt t l nht nh.
systematic joints [15032] : cc khe nt
h thng.
Cc khe nt pht trin thnh h thng thng
ct qua cc khe nt khc, b mt ca chng
phng hoc cong, rng, vung gc vi ranh gii
ca cc tng .
szaibelyite [15033] : szaibelyit.
Khong vt hnh kim, mu trng n pht
vng gp dng khi cc: MgBO2(OH), ng
hnh vi susexit. Nga, c coi l ngun
nguyn liu chnh ca hp cht ca Bo. Cng
c l: szajbelyite. n: ascharite.
szaskaite [15034] : szaskait.
n: smithsonite.
szmikite [15035] : szmikit.
Khong vt h n nghing: MnSO4.H2O.
szomolnokite [15036] : szomolnokit.
Khong vt h n nghing, mu vng n
nu: FeSO4.H2O.
617
 T [15037] : vit tt ca teroa.
Mt triu triu ln hay 1012.
taaffeite [15038] : tafeit.
T Kim cng ct kiu bn, dng tng i dt.
Khong vt mu tm hoa c: BeMgAl4O8,
ging spinel mu tm, ng hnh Fe+2 ca n l
pebrmanit.
tabasheer [15039] : tabashe.
Silica ging opal bn trong n c, mu
trng n trng pht lam, c ngun gc hu c
(lng ng bn trong cnh cy tre), c gi tr
nh mt th thuc hoc dng nh trang sc
t nhin ng n.
Cch vit khc: tabaschir; tabashir.
tabbyite [15040] : tabyit.
Asphal rn tm thy trong cc mch Tabby
Canyon, Utah.
Tabianian [15041] : Tabian.
Bc chu u, Pliocen h (nm trn Missin,
nm di Piacanci), gn tng ng vi Ponti v
Kimmeri ca thang a tng Nga.
table [15042] : nh bng; mt bn.
1- (m) nh bng ca ni nh l mt ci m
vi cc va ca basalt. a hnh mt bn
(tableland).
2- (kv) Mt ln nht ph phn m ca vin
ngc mi kiu facet. Trong nhng vin kim
cng mi trn chun, mt bn c hnh bt gic
v c bao quanh bi 6 mt sao.
n: table diamond.
table cut [15043] : kiu ct (ch tc) bn.
1- Mt kiu ch tc t xa cho kim cng,
trong cc nh i din ca hnh tm mt
c h xung thnh hnh vung to mt mt
bn ln v mt nh ln, v cc phn cn li ca
tm mt ca hnh dc mi bng.
2- Thut ng i khi c dng khng chnh
xc m t bt c mt dng no ca kiu ct
xin, trong thng c mt mt bn rng.
table diamond [15044] : kim cng bn, kim
cng bt.
Kim cng c mi bt. n: table.
tableland [15045] : vng t mt bn.
1- Thut ng chung cho vng c nng cao
vi mt b mt gn nm ngang hoc gn sng
rng ln (v d: Nam Phi).
2- Cao nguyn c vin bi cc g dng
vch ng nh cao, sc so trn vng t thp
bao quanh.
table mountain [15046] : ni mt bn.
Ni c nh kh bng phng v mt hoc
nhiu sn dc ng.
table reef [15047] : rn mt bn.
Rn hu c nh, nh bng, ng thc, c
hoc khng c o, khng c vng b t, nht
trong.
tablet [15048] : tm, bn.
1- Tinh th hnh tm. Deleted: (a)
2- Ngc ct kiu bn. Deleted: (b)
tabula [15049] : vch y, tm ngang, tm
su cnh. Deleted: .
Vch ngang gn phng hoc cong li hay
lm v pha trn mt San h n th m
rng ti vch thnh ngoi v ch chim phn
gia ; mt tm thng l gn nm ngang
khoang gia hai vch ca Chn c, ko t vch
ny sang vch kia; mt b phn kt tinh hnh Deleted: a
su cnh Heterococcolith vi hai chiu bng
nhau, chiu th ba nh hn.
tabular dissepiment [15050] : phin y. Deleted: .
Mt phin gn phng ko di qua mt San Deleted: (a)
h su tia n th hoc ch hn ch phn trc
ca .
tabularium [15051] : i vch y. Deleted: .
Phn trc ca bn trong mt San h n
th, ni cc vch y rt pht trin. Deleted: (b)
tabular spar [15052] : spat tm.
n: wollastonite.
tabular structure [15053] : cu to tm.
Cu to ca khong vt hoc c xu hng
618
tch thnh tm phng.
tabulate [15054] : c vch y, c tm ngang,
(b) San h vch y (Tabulata).
Ni v mt loi San h c nhng vch y
nh cao; ni v Trng tia Phaeodarina c nhng
tm nhn, hay v vch ca Trng roi
Dinoflagellata c cc tm gip; San h thuc
mt b c c trng chung l c vch y. Tui:
Ordovic gia n Permi, c th cn c t Trias
n Eocen.
tacharanite [15055] : tacharanit.
Khong vt: Ca12Al2Si18O51.18H2O.
tachyhydrite [15056] : tachyhydrit.
Khong vt mu vng: CaMg2Cl6.12H2O.
n: tachydrite; tachhydrite.
tachylyte [15057] : tachylyt.
Thy tinh ni la c mu en, xanh hoc
nu. c hnh thnh t magma basalt, thng
thy trong cc hc ngui lnh ca dng
dung nham. n: tachyllite; hychbasalt; basalt
glass; jaspoid; basalt obsidian; sordawallite;
sideromelane; wichtisite.
Taconic orgeny [15058] : to ni Taconi.
Thi k to ni cui Ordovic, ly tn ca dy
ni Taconi, min ng bang New York, pht
trin rng ri Appalachian, Hoa K v
Canada.
tactite [15059] : tactit.
Mt loi ht ln giu granat, pyroxen giu
st, epidot, volastonit v scapolit. c hnh
thnh do bin cht tip xc v bin cht trao i
vi carbonat. n: skarn.
tadzhikite [15060] : tadzhikit.
Khong vt n nghing:
Ca3(Ce,Y)2(Ti,Al,Fe)B4Si4O22.
taeniolite [15061] : taeniolit.
Khong vt mu trng n khng mu, l
mica lepidolit tm mt ba, c thnh phn l
tng: K(Mg2Li1)Si4O10(OH)2.
Cng vit: tainiolite.
taenite [15062] : taenit.
Khong vt ca thin thch c dng hnh lp
phng, thnh phn st-nikel vi hm lng
nikel t 27-65%, cng sinh cng kamacit.
Taghanican [15063] : Taghanic.
Bc Bc M. Phn cao nht ca Devon
trung (nm trn Tioughniogi, nm di
Fingerlakesi).
tagilite [15064] : tagilit.
n: pseudomalachite.
taiga [15065] : taiga.
Vng m ly c thc vt tng bch, i khi
l mt vng nm gia i nguyn (tundra) v
tho nguyn (steppe). T gc Nga.
tail [15066] : ui, on cui; pha kt thc
(ng t).
1- Doi ct, p chn thnh to pha sau mt Deleted: .
o nh, hoc o ngm. n: trailing spit,
banner bank; Phn xa nht ca mt doi ct nh Deleted: nhiu
ra, ko di.
2- (cs) Phn pha sau ca ng vt khng
xng sng. Deleted: t
3- Phn cui ca mt dng turbidit (bn) ti
m c st t hn so vi phn u dng
v c tc di chuyn chm hn.
4- Phn cui h lu ca mt dng sng,
vng trng.
5- Vng nc lng sau dng chy hoc h
m rng ca mt vng nc gn sng.
6- G gn nh hoc du vt ca mt dng
bng vt nh t pha di ca mt ni chn.
taildune [15067] : n c ui.
n tch t pha khut gi ca chng ngi
vt v vt nhn dn, di ti 1km.
tail fan [15068] : ui hnh qut. Deleted:
n: caudal fan.
tailings [15069] : ui qung.
Ph thi ca qung.
tail water level [15070] : mc nc thp nht.
tainiolite [15071] : tainiolit.
n: taeniolite.
takanelite [15072] : takanelit.
Khong vt h su phng:
(Mn+2, Ca) Mn+44O9.H2O.
takovite [15073] : takovit.
Khong vt: Ni5Al4O2(OH)18.6H2O. Deleted: ,
talc [15074] : talc. Deleted: g
1- Khong vt h n nghing mu lc n Formatted
xm, rt mm: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2, c trng bi
cm gic s trn v cng 1 theo thang Mohs,
b dao ct d dng. Talc thng l khong vt
th sinh do bin i (thy ha) cc silicat
magnesi khng cha nhm (olivin, enstatit,
tremolit) trong xm nhp baz, hoc do bin
cht cc dolomit. Talc thng gp dng l,
ht, khi dng si, thng c dng lm cht
n, cht ph, bt phn rm, trong k ngh s,
cao su, cht do, cht bi trn, bt talc. u tin
c c l: talck. n: steatite.
2- Trong thng mi ch cc talc; cha
talc, tremolit, clorit, anthophylit, v cc khong
vt lin quan.
3- Cc tm mng mica muscovit.
talcite [15075] : talcit.
1- Talc dng khi cht st. Deleted: (a)
2- n: damourite. Deleted: (b)
talcoid [15076] : talcoid.
Khong vt: Mg3Si5O12(OH)2, th l hn hp
619
ca talc vi thch anh. Tnh t-ging talc, v d
phin talc.
talc schist [15077] : phin talc.
phin trong talc l khong vt ch yu.
Thng cng sinh vi mica v thch anh.
talc slate [15078] : vy talc.
Vy talc khng tinh khit, c cng hn
phn Php cht t, thng gi l talc cng.
talmessite [15079] : talmesit.
Khong vt: Ca2Mg(AsO4)2.2H2O, to dy
vi gaitit.
talnakhite [15080] : talnakhit.
Khong vt: Cu9(Fe,Ni)8S16.
talus [15081] : tch t mnh vn.
Mnh c kch thc v hnh dng bt k
(thng th v c gc cnh), c mang ti t
vch ng v nm chn vch ng hoc chn
sn rt dc. Khi cc b v vn c tch t
li v nging ra ngoi, c hnh thnh ch yu
do ri trng lc, ln hoc trt. n: rubble.
talus apron [15082] : tch t m tiu.
Cc tch t vn m tiu th la chn km,
nhng phn lp r, thng c th tch ln hn
nhiu so vi gc, c b mt nghing trn 40
. Deleted: li c s tch ng thnh lp
talus breccia [15083] : dm kt ta luy; dm
kt b dc.
Mt loi dm kt c thnh to t s lng
ng v gn kt li ca cc talus.
talus cave [15084] : hang c hnh thnh do
s ri bt ng ca mi dc.
talus cone [15085] : nn tch t vn.
a hnh nh dng nn hoc dng tp d
chn sn vch ng gm cc mnh vn, ri,
c tch t theo tng giai on do ra tri aluvi
hoc ri. Dng tng t nh c ngun gc
sng h thp dn vo vnh.
talus fan [15086] : qut l tch, nn phng vt
l tch.
Sn tch hnh qut, bi tch hnh qut.
n: alluvial fan.
talus slope [15087] : sn l tch.
1- Mt kiu sn lm, dc ng c hnh
thnh t s tch ng ca cc mnh vn b
ri; Phn chn ca vch ng c hnh thnh
nh s gn kt ca sn tch v hoc sn
tch bi lp. Theo nguyn t th "talus slope" l
mt t lp, v thut ng "talus" ghi nhn gc
gc mt sn dc, mc d c dng mt cch
khng ng n cho vt liu to thnh sn dc.
Cng c th xem Scree.
2- B mt lt ct mt th tch t mnh
vn.
talus spring [15088] : ngun nc c chn
sn tch t vn.
taluvium [15089] : l tch.
Thut ng ch lp ph vn phong ha bao
gm cc sn tch v l tch, th t cc mnh
vn t khi tng ln n bn.
tamaraite [15090] : tamarait.
lamprophyr su va, mu en gm augit,
hornblend, nephelin, plagioclas v feldspar
kim, t khong vt ph, cancrinit, analcim.
Lacroix (1918) t tn theo o Tamara.
tamarugite [15091] : tamarugit. Deleted: .
Khong vt khng mu: NaAl(SO4)2.6H2O.
Tg: lapparentite.
tamp [15092] : m cht, nn cht.
tamper [15093] : thit b m nn.
tancoite [15094] : tancoit.
Khong vt: HNa2LiAl(PO4)2(OH).
taneyamalite [15095] : taneyamalit.
Khong vt, tng t howieit:
(Na,Ca)(Mn+2,Mg, Fe+3,Al)12Si12(O,OH)44.
tangeite [15096] : tangeit. Deleted: ph l tch
n: calciovolborthite. Deleted: tn
Cn c vit l: tangueite; tangeite. Deleted: vi s
tangential stress [15097] : ng sut tip
tuyn, ng sut ct, ng sut tip. u
ng sut c hng song song vi mt ct.
n: shear stress.
tangiwai [15098] : tangiwai. Deleted: nn do
Thut ng c ngi Maoris New Zealand Deleted: sn tch
dng ch bowenit. n: tangiwaite; tanawaite.
tangle sheet [15099] : tm ri.
Loi mica cha nhng tinh th hoc cc tm
mng mc xen to thnh tng tp, i ch b nt,
nhng phn ln tch thnh cc mnh mng.
tangent modulus of elasticity [15100] :
modul n hi tip tuyn.
Rt nhiu nh lut khng tun th tuyt i
nh lut Hooke cho cc vt liu n hi tuyt
i. Trong trng hp sai lch qu ln, cn phi
xc nh modul n hi theo tip tuyn hay ct
tuyn ca ng cong ng sut-bin dng.
tantalaeschynite (Y) [15101]: tantalaeshynit(Y).
Khong vt h trc thoi: (Y,Ce,Ca)
(Ta,Ti,Nb)2O6. To dy vi aeshynit-(Y). Deleted: bi
tantalite [15102] : tantalit. Deleted: c bit nh sn dc n.
Khong vt mu en: (Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6,
ng hnh vi columbit v a hnh (pha trc
thoi) vi tapiolit; Tantalit gp trong pegmatit, l
qung ch yu ca tantal.
Deleted:
tantalum [15103] : tantal (Ta).
Nguyn t ha hc s 73, nguyn t lng
180,9479; t trng 16,654 g/cm3, thuc nhm
khng kim loi nng, lithophil, siderophil, c 1
ng v bn v 34 khng bn. Hm lng Ta
620
trong cc (ppm): v lc a trn l 1,5; siu
mafic 0,07; gabro-basalt 1; granit-granodiorit 2;
phin 1,7; trong t 1,1. Cc khong vt tiu
biu l columbit-tantalit (Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)2O6,
microlit (Na,Ca)2Ta2O6(O,OH,F). Phng php
phn tch: ICP-MS, INAA. Dng Ta trong ngnh
hng khng, luyn thp, v.v.
tanteuxenite [15104] : tanteuxenit.
Khong vt mu en n nu:
(Y,Ce,Ca)(Ta,Nb,Ti)2(O,OH)6, l th euxenit,
c Ta thay th nhiu hoc gn ht Nb.
n: delorenzite; eschwegeite.
tantite [15105] : tantit.
Khong vt: (Ta,Nb,Ti)O5.
tanzanite [15106] : tanzanit.
Ngc zoisit mu xanh lam saphir, c tnh a
sc mnh.
tapered foot roller [15107] : thit b m
chn cn dng nn.
taphonomy [15108] : m hc.
Mt nhnh ca c sinh thi hc nghin cu
cc qu trnh sau khi cht ca mt sinh vt cho
n khi pht hin ra sinh vt . M hc bao
gm sinh thi a tng hc v qu trnh thnh
to ho thch.
n: para-ecology.
taphrogenesis [15109] : kin sinh ph hy,
bin dng khi tng.
n: taphrogeny.
taphrogenic [15110] : tnh t ca taphrogeny.
taphrogeny [15111] : kin sinh ph hy, bin
dng khi tng.
Danh t chung ch hin tng thnh to
rift, c trng bi s hnh thnh t gy thun
c gc dc ln lin quan vi st ln. Kin sinh
ph hy thng c xem nh giai on u ca
hin tng tch gin lc a hoc phn r mng.
Xut pht t ting Hy Lp, taphre c ngha l
"ho", "vc".
taphrogeosynclinal [15112] : a mng tng.
a mng pht trin nh mt rift hoc mt
bn trng gia cc t gy.
tapiolite [15113] : tapiolit.
Khong vt: Fe(Ta, Nb)2O6, ng hnh vi
mosit v a hnh (pha bn phng) vi tantalit,
gp trong pegmatit, hoc trong trm tch vn. L
qung ca tantal.
Cng vit l: mangano-tapiolite.
taramellite [15114] : taramelit.
Khong vt mu nu pht : Ba4(Fe, Mg)
Fe+32TiSi8O24(OH)2, tng t vi nagashimalit.
taramite [15115] : taramit.
Khong vt mu en, h n nghing, thuc
nhm amphibol:
(Ca, Na, K)3Fe5(Si, Al)8 O22(OH)2.
taranakite [15116] : taranakit.
Khong vt ging st mu trng pht vng:
KAl3(PO4)3(OH).9H2O.
tarantulite [15117] : tarantulit.
xm nhp cha hn 50 % thch anh, t
feldspar kim, hn mt na feldspar kim l
feldspar kali, cn li l albit, ti 5% khong vt
sm mu. Tn t theo tn a danh-sui
Tarantila.
tarapacaite [15118] : tarapacait.
Khong vt mu vng: K2CrO4.
tarasovite [15119] : tarasovit.
Khong vt st c lp hn hp:
(Ca,Na)0,4KNa(H3O)Al8(Si,Al)16O40(OH)8. 2H2O.
tarbuttite [15120] : tarbutit.
Khong vt h ba nghing: Zn2(PO4)(OH),
ng hnh vi paradamit. n: salmoite.
tasmanite [15121] : tasmanit.
xm nhp c thnh phn tng t vi Deleted: .
ijfolit (nephelin v 30-60% khong vt mafic,
ch yu l pyroxen n nghing sphen, apatit,
melanit), nhng c melinit v zeolit thay th cho
nephelin. Zeolit l natrolit, thomsonit v
phylipsit. Thut ng mang tn vng Tasmania.
tatarskite [15122] : tatarskit.
Khong vt :
Ca6Mg2(SO4)2(CO3)2Cl4(OH)4.7H2O.
tatartoidal class [15123] : lp bn mt ba
ng gic. Deleted: .
Lp tinh th thuc h lp phng c i
xng 23. Deleted: .
taurite [15124] : riolit kim.
Riolit cha Na, c camit khc vi comendit
c nn ht cu hay granophyr.
tausonite [15125] : tausonit.
Khong vt: SrTiO3, thuc nhm perovskit.
tautirite [15126] : tautirit.
L tracchyandesit c nephelin hay hawaiit
cha feldspar kali, andesin, nephelin v Deleted: .
amphibol, khong vt ph u th l sphen. Cn
c tn pollenit. Tn xut x t bi bin Tautira
Tahiti, do Iddings t t nm 1981, ngy nay
khng dng.
tavistockite [15127] : tavistockit.
X: apatite-carbonate. Deleted:
tavolatite [15128] : tavolatit.
L phonolit, l ra nhng khi dng dm kt
ni la, gm cc ban tinh lxit, hauyn, ogit-
camit v granat. Chng nm trong nn vi tinh c
thnh phn khong vt tng t nh ban tinh,
leucit nm gia cc ht feldspar kali, hauyn,
labradorit, camit-ogit, biotit, granat v nephelin.
Tn do Washington t t nm 1906, xut x t
621
tn vng Osteria Tavolato, gn thnh ph La
M, ngy nay khng cn dng na.
tavorite [15129] : tavorit.
Khong vt mu vng: LiFe+3(PO4)(OH).
tawite [15130] : tawit.
xm nhp, tng t nh ijolit, cha
30-60% cc khong vt mafic, sodalit l khong
vt feldspathoid natri ch yu thay th nephelin.
Ransay (1984) t tn ny theo tn vng
Tawojak, bn o Kola, Nga.
tawmawite [15131] : taumauit.
Epidot mu vng hoc lc n lc ti cha
crom, tm thy Tawmaw, H Myanmar.
taxite [15132] : taxit.
Thut ng chung cho ni la dng mnh
vn do hn hp cc vt liu c kin trc, cu to
thay i do chnh dng dung nham.
taxodont [15133] : Rng dy (Taxodonta).
Ni v b rng ca Thn mm hai mnh c
nhiu rng bn l ngn, gn u nhau, to thnh
mt hng di lin tc vi mt s hay ton b
rng nm ct ngang ra bn l. Thut ng ny
c coi nh gn ng ngha vi (prionodont)
(rng ca). Thn mm hai mnh thuc mt b
c b rng thuc kiu rng dy v nhng c
khp pht trin u nhau.
taxon [15134] : n v phn loi, taxon.
Mt nhm sinh vt c t tn ca mt
cp bc, nh l mt loi, h hay lp ring bit,
cng l tn dng cho n v . Mt taxon c
th c t bng tn Latin chnh thc hoc
bng mt con ch, mt con s hay k hiu khc.
Sn: taxa.
Tayloran [15135] : Tayloran.
Bc Bc M, Creta thng (nm trn
Austin, nm di Navarro).
taylorite [15136] : taylorit.
Khong vt mu trng: (K,NH4)2(SO4), l th
arcanit cha ammonia, to cc bu cht st
trong cc va phn chim cc o ngoi khi
thuc Peru.
tazheranite [15137] : tazheranit.
Khong vt h lp phng: (Zn, Ca, Ti)O2.
TCDD [15138] : cht c ha hc TCDD
(2, 3, 7, 8 tetrachlorodibenzo p dioxin).
n: dioxin.
TD [15139] : tng chiu su.
Vit tt ca total depth.
TDS [15140] : tng cht rn ha tan.
n: total dissolved solids.
teallite [15141] : tealit.
Khong vt mu en hoc xm en: PbSnS2.
tear fault [15142] : t gy trt.
t gy c gc dc thay i t rt dc n
nm ngang, thng pht trin trn cnh treo ca
t gy nghch chm, c phng vung gc vi
phng ca t gy nghch chm lin quan.
tear shaped bomb [15143] : bom c hnh
dng git nc.
Bom ni la trn nh git nc v c mt tai
cui ch tht ca n, kch thc t 1mm-
10mm chiu di.
technical and economic evaluation [15144] :
khi lun kinh t-k thut.
nh gi trin vng kinh t ca m khong
hoc nhm m khong cng loi v k cn nhau
theo kt qu ca giai on tm kim nh gi.
Trn c s c quyt nh hp l v u t v
thi im tin hnh thm d s b tip theo.
technical and economic report (evaluation
report) [15145] : bo co kinh t-k thut.
Vn bn nh gi tnh hp l (hu ch) ca Deleted: .
vic khai thc m khong. Bo co kinh t k
thut c thnh lp trn c s kt qu thm d
s b v c cc ni dung ch yu nh: c im
a cht m khong, cc iu kin a l-kinh
t, tnh ton s b v u t c bn cho khai Formatted
thc cng nghip, gi thnh sn phn, nhu cu
tiu th v cc ch tiu d kin cho vic tnh tr
lng khi thm d t m. Bo co kinh t k
thut l c s quyt nh tin hnh thm d t Deleted: .
m tip theo.
technical scale [15146] : thang cng
k thut.
Thang chun gm 15 khong vt c cng
lm chun so snh, xc nh cng cho cc Deleted: Chuyn t c H. J. Lam
khong vt khc. Khong vt ca thang c ngh nm 1948 cho vic s dng h thng
chung.
xp theo th t t mm nht n cng nht v
nh s t mt n mi lm l: talc, thch cao, Formatted
calcit, fluorit, apatit, orthoclas, thy tinh silica
tinh khit, thch anh, topa, granat, zircon,
corinon, carbua silic, carbua bo, kim cng.
Ss: Mohs scale.
technogenic factors [15147] : nhng nhn t
k thut.
Nhng nhn t do hot ng k thut ca con
ngi.
n: antropogenic factors; man-made factors.
tectite [15148] : tectit.
tectofacies [15149] : tng kin to thch hc, Deleted: y
tng kin to a tng. Deleted: .
Tng thch hc c xc nh da vo c Deleted: nh gi,
im kin to do Sloss v nhng ngi khc
Deleted: .
xut nm 1949, ch nhm n v a tng
khc nhau v c im kin to (Krumbein v Deleted: D
Sloss, 1951). Deleted: mt kin to hoc
tectogene [15150] : to ni, kin sinh. Deleted: khc nhau ca cc n v a
Hin tng un np ca v sial lin quan vi tng
qu trnh to ni, thng pht trin i nng, Deleted: .
622
ko di. Thut ng ca Haarmann (1926) thng
c dng thay th t to ni (orogene).
tectogenesis [15151] : to ni, kin sinh.
n: orogeny.
tectonic [15152] : kin to.
Cc cu to, cc c trng bin dng c
hnh thnh do cc lc tc ng vo v Tri t.
n: tectonics.
tectonic accretion [15153] : tng trng
kin to.
S pht trin trm tch ra mng lin quan
vi kin to.
tectonic axis [15154] : trc cu to.
Phng chnh ca cu to.
tectonic block [15155] : khi kin to.
Khi c th dch chuyn tng i vi
khi bn cnh do cc qu trnh kin to.
tectonic breccia [15156] : dm kt kin to.
Dm kt hnh thnh do s chuyn ng ca
lp v, thng pht trin trong cc rn, dc
theo cc t gy.
tectonic conglomerate [15157] : cui kt
kin to.
Cui kt c hnh thnh do hot ng kin
to. n: crush conglomerate.
tectonic contact [15158] : tip xc kin to.
Tip xc gia cc th a cht do qu trnh
kin to gy nn.
tectonic creep [15159] : trn kin to.
Chuyn ng lin tc chm chp t gy.
tectonic cycle [15160] : chu k kin to.
Khong thi gian hnh thnh mt lot cu
trc vi cc biu hin kin to nht nh. Giai
on pht trin hon chnh mt n v kin trc
ca v Tri t. Theo thuyt a mng, mt chu
k kin to c bt u k t khi v Tri t a mng.
st ln to bn trng cho n khi ton b t
trong bn trng b un np, xm nhp
magma,... nng ln tr thnh min nn.
Nhiu nh a cht tha nhn c cc chu k
Baicali, Caledoni, Varixi, Mezozoi v chu k
Anpi. ng Nam , J. Fromaget (1937) cn
pht hin chu k Indosini.
tectonic denudation [15161] : bc tr.
S lt trn cc th nm di ( mng v cc
va dy khc) bi s di chuyn i cc lp
nm trn. Trong khi di chuyn i khi nm
trn khng c gc ny, do trt trng lc b mt
th nm di b tr ra.
tectonic discordance [15162] : khng chnh
hp kin to.
Khng chnh hp do hot ng kin to gy
ra, thng lin quan vi hot ng t gy.
tectonic earthquake [15163] : ng t
kin to. Deleted: .
ng t c ngun gc kin to thng gy
ra t gy, i khi c hot ng ni la.
tectonic enclave [15164] : khi kin to. Deleted: .
Khi b tch ra khi gc ca n do cc Deleted: .
lc kin to.
tectonic fabric [15165] : cu to bin dng. Deleted: .
Cu to do qu trnh kin to gy ra.
tectonic facies [15166] : tng kin to. Deleted: .
Thut ng dng ch tp hp cc c Deleted: .
hnh thnh trong mt iu kin kin to nht
nh, do Sander (1912) xut, khc vi Deleted: (1912)
tectofacies. Deleted: .
tectonic flow [15167] : dch chuyn kin to.
n: tectonic transport. Deleted: .
tectonic framework [15168] : cu trc kin
to, khung kin to.
Mi lin hp hoc mi quan h trong khng Deleted: .
gian theo thi gian ca cc yu t kin to.
tectonic geology [15169] : a cht cu to, Deleted: r
a cht kin trc.
n: structual geology.
tectonic inclusion [15170] : i bao kin to. Deleted: .
Khi b tch ra bit lp vi khi ban Deleted: .
u, do s ph hy kin to v b bao bc bi
vy quanh tr thnh th t, boudin, khc di. Deleted: .
Ss: tectonic enclave.
tectonic lake [15171] : h kin to. Deleted: .
H c ngun gc kin to thng pht trin Deleted: .
trn cu trc t gy, a ho.
n: structural lake. Deleted: .
tectonic land [15172] : di nng kin to. Deleted: .
Do un np dng tuyn hoc do cung ni la
gy ra, tn ti nht thi phn bn trong ca
ai to ni vo pha u ca lch s pht trin
tectonic landform [15173] : a hnh kin to. Deleted: .
a hnh gy ra bi s chuyn ng ca
Tri t.
tectonic lens [15174] : thu knh kin to,
budina kin to. Deleted: .
Cu trc c hnh thnh c dng thu knh
do cc lp do b p bao bc xung quanh lp
cng t ra tng on.
tectonic line [15175] : ng kin to, t
gy ln. Deleted: .
t gy rng ln ct qua ai to ni.
tectonic map [15176] : bn kin to. Deleted: .
Mt loi bn a cht, trn v ranh gii
cc tng cu trc, cc th xm nhp, cc sn
phm bin dng (t gy, np un), cc yu t Deleted: .
cu trc, cc th nm chnh ca cc loi .
tectonic mlange [15177] : xo trn kin to,
melang kin to. Deleted: .
623
 i xo trn gm nhiu loi khc nhau
gy ra bi cc qu trnh kin to (Berkland v
nhng ngi khc, 1972).
tectonic moraine [15178] : bng tch kin to.
Tp hp tng sp nhp vo y ca cc
khi chm, thng nhm vi cui kt c quan
h chnh hp a tng (Pettijohn, 1957).
tectonic motif [15179] : motif kin to, n v
thch kin to.
n v thch kin to bao gm lp trm tch
mlange nm di v lp trm tch ngoi lai
nm trn. Lp trm tch mlange ti ch cha
cc c c thnh phn ngoi lai (Darke, 1985).
tectonic over pressure [15180] : p sut kin
to qu cao.
p sut ln n cc im trong qu trnh
bin cht tc ng vo , dao ng t 1000 n
2000 bar.
tectonic profile [15181] : mt ct kin to.
n: profile.
tectonics [15182] : kin to hc, a kin to.
C ngun gc t ting Hy Lp: tektonikos
ngha l thuc v cu trc. Mn hc v cu trc
v Tri t, v cc qu trnh chuyn ng v cc
lc gy ra cc chuyn ng . Kin to hc tm
hiu cc quy lut chung v s pht trin ca Tri
t, chuyn ng ca lp v v s trao i vt
cht di su.
n: geotectonics. (tt) tectonic.
tectonic style [15183] : kiu kin to, c
im kin to.
c im ni bt ca mt nhm cu trc
gm cc cu trc lin quan vi nhau khc
hn nhm cu trc c thnh to vo thi
gian khc.
tectonic subsidence [15184] : st ln kin to.
Hin tng st ln ti mt im cho ca
trng trm tch, do c ch vn ng kin to gy
ra, phn bit vi cc hin tng st ln phi kin
to nh do trng ti trm tch, do qu trnh
thnh hoc do bin i chiu su ca nc.
tectonic transport [15185] : dch chuyn
kin to.
Thut ng ng hc ch dng cho bnh
bin dng c tnh i xng n nghing. Phng
dch chuyn kin to l phng ng hc hay
phng dch chuyn cc i trong bnh i
xng duy nht.
tectonic type [15186] : kiu kin to.
Cc kiu bin dng kin to phn chia theo
quy m, qu trnh v c ch vn ng.
tectonic valley [15187] : thung lng kin to.
Thung lng gy ra ch yu bi chuyn ng
v nh un np hoc t gy, khc thung lng
cu trc. n: structural valley.
tectonism [15188] : vn ng kin to. Deleted: .
tectonite [15189] : Tectonit, bin dng. Deleted: .
Kiu bin dng ca phn nh qua cu to, Deleted: .
cu trc bn trong ca , c xc nh da
vo cc phng php thch hc cu to. Thng
gp S-tectonite, B-tectonite.
tectonization [15190] : kin to ha. Deleted: .
Danh t i khi c dng vi ngha nh
"to ni", "vn ng kin to". Vi ngha cc
b bin dng ai to ni cn c gi l "b
kin to ha". T ny t c s dng.
tectono eustasy [15191] : dao ng mc i
dng do kin to.
S thay i ca mc bin ton cu do s thay
i dung tch cc bn trng i dng gy ra bi
chuyn ng kin to mng.
V d tch gin y i dng, ht chm.
Thut ng c Frairbridge dng nm 1961.
Tt: tectono-eustatic.
n: diastrophic eustatism, tectono-eustatism. Deleted: .
tectono eustatism [15192] :.
n: tectono-eustasy.
tectono lineament [15193]:lineament kin to. Deleted: .
Cu trc dng tuyn c ngun gc kin to.
tectonophysics [15194] : kin to vt l. Deleted: .
Mt nhnh ca a vt l nghin cu lc
gy ra s chuyn ng v bin dng trong v
Tri t.
tectonosphere [15195] : quyn kin to. Deleted: .
i v Tri t nm trn mc cn bng ng Deleted: .
tnh, ni xut hin chuyn ng v hoc chuyn
ng kin to.
tectono stratigraphic unit [15196] : n v
a tng-kin to. Deleted: .
n v a tng hn hp c phn chia da Deleted: .
vo c im bin dng kin to.
tectono stratigraphy [15197] : a tng
kin to. Deleted: K
Nghin cu a tng trn c s tm hiu mi Deleted: .
lin quan ca chng vi hot ng kin to.
tectosilicate [15198] : silicat khung.
n: framework silicate. Deleted: .
tectosphere [15199] : v kin to. Deleted: .
Lp hay v Tri t tng ng vi thch
quyn, quyn mm v quyn kin to.
tectostratigraphic [15200] : a tng kin to. Deleted: .
Cc tng, a tng c xc nh bi iu
kin v s nh hng kin to. Deleted: .
tectotope [15201] : tectotope.
Vng ng nht v mi trng kin to.
tectum [15202] : mt ngoi v. Deleted: .
B mt ca ht phn c lp ph ngoi. Thut Deleted: .
ng ny i khi c dng khng chnh xc
624
ch cnh nh ra ca mng ngoi kt hp vi vt
so bo t ho thch.
teepleite [15203] : tipleit.
Khong vt: Na2BO2Cl. 2H2O.
teineite [15204] : teineit.
Khong vt mu lam: CuTeO3. 2H2O.
tektite [15205] : tektit.
Th dng git nc, mu en n pht lc
hay vng, thnh phn thy tinh silicat khng c
ngun gc ni la, thng gp ri rc trn mt
vng rng ln ca b mt Tri t, v hu nh
khng c mt mi lin quan no n mt ngun
ca Tri t. Hu ht tektit cha SiO2 trn 68-
83%, lng nc v cng nh (trung bnh
0.0005%). Thnh phn khng ging obsidien m
ging nh mt loi phin nhiu st. nc
ta gp rt nhiu, mt khi vi gam c khi nng
3,2 kg. C l c ngun gc v tr (ngha l nh
nhng mnh thy tinh vng ra t Mt trng do
cc v va p ca thin thch, hoc l sn phm
ca cc v va p thin thch ngay trn b mt
Tri t. Tn do Suess (1900) t, xut x t
ting Hy Lp, tektos).
n: tectite obsidianite.
tektonite [15206] : tectonit.
n: tectonite.
telargpalite [15207] : telargpalit.
Khong vt h lp phng:
(Pd,Ag)16(Pb,Bi)(Te, Se)4 (?).
telemagmatic [15208] : xa ngun magma.
Mt khong sng nhit dch nm xa ngun
magma ca n.
teleoconch [15209] : phn v trng thnh.
Phn v Chn bng nm di v phi.
teleodont [15210] : c b rng hon chnh.
B rng ca Thn mm hai mnh gm y
rng chnh v rng bn.
telethermal [15211] : vin nhit.
M qung nhit dch thnh to nng v
nhit thp, vy quanh b bin i cht t
hoc khng bin i; c th xa ngun dung
dch nhit dch. n: telemagmatic.
teleutospore [15212] : bo t cui.
Mt bo t Nm pht trin giai on cui
ca vng i ca Nm nu m vch c th gm
cht chitin. Loi bo t ny c th gp trong
khi gia cng mu bo t phn hoa nh mt vi
ho thch.
tellurantimony [15213] : telurantimon.
Khong vt h ba phng: Sb2Te3.
tellurate [15214] : telurat.
Mui ca axit teluric, trong thnh phn c
gc (TeO4)-2, nh montanit: Bi2TeO6.2H2O.
tellurbismuth [15215] : telurbismut.
Khong vt mu hng nht Bi2Te3.
n: tellurobismuthite.
telluric [15216] :.
Trng hoc dng telur di su lng t.
telluric bismuth [15217] : bismut teluric.
n: tetradymite.
telluric current [15218] : dng in t.
Dng in t t nhin c tn s rt thp,
sinh ra do s thay i t trng Tri t.
telluric method [15219] :
Phng php thm d in trong trng
in t nhin ca Tri t c o 2 hay nhiu
trm o ng thi.
telluric ocher [15220] : telurit TeO2.
n: tellurite.
telluric water [15221] : nc hnh thnh do
in trng thin nhin.
Nc hnh thnh nh kt hp H2 v O2 trong
lng t, kh quyn nhit v p sut cao.
telluride [15222] : telurid.
Khong vt c thnh phn l telua kt hp
vi kim loi, v d, hesit: Ag2Te.
tellurite [15223] : telurit.
Khong vt mu trng n pht vng, h trc
thoi: TeO2, lng hnh vi paratelurit.
n: telluric ocher.
tellurium [15224] : teluri (Te).
1- (h) Nguyn t ha hc s 52, nguyn t
lng 127,603; t trng 6,24 g/cm3, thuc nhm
khng kim loi nng, chalcophil, c 6 ng v
bn v 36 khng bn. Hm lng Te trong cc
(ppm): v lc a trn l 0,005; siu mafic
0,001; gabro-basalt 0,006; granit-granodiorit Deleted: .
0,005; phin 0,009; trong t 0,006.
Cc khong vt tiu biu l telurit TeO2, Deleted: .
sylvanit (Ag,Au)Te4, hessit Ag2Te, nagyagit
Pb5Au(Te,Sb)4S5-8, calaverit AuTe2. Phng php
phn tch: ICP-MS, AAS. Sn lng nm 1995
l 284 tn. Gi th trng 24 USD/kg. Dng Te
trong luyn kim, lm nh, ngnh dc, xc tc,
pin, bn dn. Deleted: Khong vt t sinh ca
2- (kv) Khong vt t sinh ca nguyn t bn nguyn t bn kim t nhin: Te, mu
trng bc n en pht nu. i khi tm
kim t nhin: Te, mu trng bc n en pht thy trong pyrit hoc lu hunh, trong bt
nu. i khi tm thy trong pyrit hoc lu mn ca qung vng - telu.
hunh, trong bt mn ca qung vng-telua. Deleted: .
tellurium 130/ xenon 130 age method
[15225] : phng php nh tui teluri-130/
xenon-130.
Phng php nh tui p dng cho cc
khong vt giu tellua, o t s: 130 Te/ 130Xe,
bit t s phn hy 130Te thnh 130Xe bng cch
pht tia beta (ch k bn phn hy l 2,83. 1021
nm). Phng php xc nh trong khong 7-57
triu nm. Deleted: teluri
625
 tellurium glance [15226] : qung bng teluri.
Nagyagit-khong vt mu xm ch sm:
Pb5Au(Te,Sb)4S5-8.
n: black tellurium.
tellurobismuthite [15227] : telurobismutit.
Khong vt mu hng rt nht: Bi2Te3, cha
telur tng t hauchecornit: Ni9BiTeS8, thng
mc xen vi tetradymit.
n: tellurbismuth.
tellurohauchecornite [15228] : telurohau-
checornit.
Khong vt cha telua tng t haucheconit;
Ni9BiTeS8.
telluropalladinite [15229] : teluropaladinit.
Khong vt: Pd9Te4.
telum [15230] : th bo v.
Mt cu trc ging l chn Chn u thuc
b Aulacoceratida, gm nhng lp ng tm
ch yu bng vt cht hu c vi mt t lp vi
xen k.
TEM [15231] : TEM.
Vit tt ca: transmission electron
microscope.
temagamite [15232] : temagamit.
Khong vt h trc thoi: Pd3HgTe3.
temperature [15233] : nhit .
Tnh cht c bn ca mt h trong cn bng
nhit ng hc, c o theo cc thang khc
nhau da trn s thay i th tch, in tr, lc
dn in v nhit hoc chiu di cc h trong
cn bng nhit ng hc c cng nhit
nh nhau.
temperature gradient [15234] : gradient
nhit .
temperature log [15235] : carota nhit.
Phng php o nhit trong l khoan.
temperature salinity diagram [15236] : biu
nhit v mn.
th biu din nhit v mui trong
ct nc.
n: T-S diagram.
temperature seconder [15237] : dng c
ghi nhit .
temperature survey [15238] : o nhit
trong l khoan.
chnh xc tuyt i khong 0,05oC v
chnh xc 0,005oC c th t c. Cc bn
ng nhit trn mt t c th c thit lp b qua chng trong qu trnh thit k. Nhng
pht hin cc d thng trong cc cu trc a
cht hoc cc iu kin nc gn b mt.
temperature zone [15239] : i nhit .
Thut ng dng cho mt vng c trng bi
nhit hay di nhit tng i ng nht.
tempestite [15240] : bo (l) trm tch.
Mt th trm tch l mang c tnh xo trn Deleted: cn bo (l)
ca cc trm tch tn ti do tc ti trm Deleted: , ch ra hin tng ca s ph
tch nhanh ca chng din ra hon ton trong hy
mi trng nc nng (Ager. 1974). Deleted: t trc theo
temporal transgression [15241] : bin tin
Deleted: i vi s lin quan ca
nht thi. tempestites vi turbidites v imindites c
Nguyn nhn cc phn v thch a tng v th xem trong Einsele v Seilacher (1982,
p.334)
cc bt chnh hp c s thay i v tui t v tr
ny n v tr khc.
temporary hardness [15242] : cng tm
thi (ca nc).
n: carbonate hardness. Deleted: telur
temporary lake [15243] : h tm thi.
n: intermittent lake.
temporary stream [15244] : dng chy tm
thi. Deleted: .
n: intermittent stream.
temprature stress [15245] : ng sut nhit.
ng sut gy bi s thay i nhit khi s
co gin ca vt th b cn tr.
temsometer [15246] : temsomet.
Thit b o bin dng.
tenacious [15247] : bn vng, kh b ph hy.
tenebrescence [15248] : to bng rm.
Trong quang hc, l s hp th nh sng bi
tinh th di nh hng ca phng x.
tengerite [15249] : tengerit.
Khong vt: CaY3(CO3)4(OH)3.3H2O (?). Tn
c dng u tin cho khong vt phng on
l carbonat bari-ytri.
tennantite [15250] : tenantit.
Khong vt ng hng, mu xm ch pht
en: (Cu, Fe)12As4S13, ng hnh vi tetrahedrit,
i khi cha km, bc hoc cobalt thay th mt
phn ng. L qung quan trng ca ng.
n: fahlore; gray copper ore.
tenorite [15251] : tenorit.
Khong vt h ba nghing: CuO. Gp dng
vy nh, nh xm thp hoc xm st, dng bt
mu en, hoc khi dng t mu en, thng
trong i oxy ho (phong ho) hoc cc m st
ca m ng, l qung ca ng.
n: melaconite; black copper.
tensile cut off [15252] : gii hn, bin ca sc
bn ko.
Sc bn ko ca t c coi nh rt thp
v khng ng tin cy. Trong thc t, ngi ta
mt s phng trnh tiu chun sc bn thc
nghim, v d tiu chun Mohr-Coulomb, li
cho mt mt cong sc bn hon chnh, vt nhn
v pha nh, v do vy, gn cho t mt sc
bn ko qu ln. Khi p dng mt s tiu chun
sc bn, ngi ta dng mt phng trnh khc,
626
to bin mi trong khong khng gian ng sut
ko, v b bt phn nh ca mt cong ban u.
tensile fracture [15253] : khe nt cng.
Khe nt ko ri ra theo phng vung gc
vi mt nt.
tensile strength [15254] : bn ko, sc bn
ko (ca t ).
1- Lc ko cc i vt th c th chu ng
c trc khi b ph hy gy v.
2- Nhn chung, t c coi l c sc bn
ko rt thp, hu nh khng ng k so vi cc
sc bn nn, ct ca chng. Khi thit k nhiu
cng trnh, thm ch ngi ta coi sc bn ko
ca t bng khng. Trong thc t, nu khi
b nt n nhiu, sc bn ko ca chng hu
nh bng khng. Ch c mt s trng hp pht
trin ng sut ko, v do vy, ko theo s cn
thit phi bit sc bn ko ca t . Chng
hn, ng sut ko pht trin dc mt di ca
mt tng t phn lp ngang vm mi ca
hm l, ng sut ko xut hin trong bm p
nc l khoan to khe nt, do thay i nhit
b mt t di nh Mt tri. Trong cc cng
tc khoan v n mn, t b dp v do trng
ng sut ko rt cc b pht trin.
tensile strength field measurement [15255] :
xc nh sc bn ko ca ngoi hin trng.
Cc th nghim bm p l khoan ngoi hin
trng, ngoi kh nng xc nh c tnh bin
dng ca t , cn c th o sc bn ko ca
chng. Thit b p c hai loi, mt l ti mm c
th bm phng ln c, loi th hai l loi
cng, cn gi l kch l khoan (borehole jack),
gm hai na hnh tr lm bng thp c kch
n ra p cht vo thnh l khoan. Bin dng l
khoan c o cng vi bin i p sut v t
ng cong p sut- gin n l khoan c th xc
nh c c im chy do. Khi p sut
ln, khe nt c th hnh thnh v pht trin lan
rng ra t thnh l khoan. o p sut hnh thnh
khe nt, P1. Sau gim p sut ln thnh l
khoan xung v li tng tr li xc nh p
sut P2, lm khe nt li m ra. P1 l hm s ca
sc bn ko v trng thi ng sut p nn quanh
l khoan. P2 ch l hm s ca trng thi ng
sut trong t . Nh vy, sau khi loi i hiu
ng ca tp trung ng sut xung quanh l
khoan, c th xc nh sc bn ko ca t .
tensile strength sleeve fracturing test
[15256] : xc nh sc bn ko ca bng th
nghim bm p.
Th nghim bm p xc nh c tnh bin
dng ca cng c th s dng trong phng th
nghim o c sc bn ko ln h s n hi
khi ko bng cch bm p t pha trong mu
hnh ng. Thit b bm p gm mt ng mm c
th bm phng ln c, dng c o p sut v
thay i th tch. Ngi ta khoan chnh tm bn Deleted: .
trong mt li khoan hnh tr to mt mu
hnh ng. Sau lun ti mm vo trong ng v
bm. p sut, P, cn thit lm v mu c
lin h vi sc bn ko, t, ng knh trong, r,
v ngoi, R, qua cng thc i vi ng tr thnh
dy n hi nh sau: t = P R + r .
2 2
R2 r2
tensile stress or force [15257] : ng sut ko. Deleted: .
ng sut php vung gc vi mt tch v.
ngn: compressive stress. Deleted: (
tensiometer [15258] : thit b o lc ko. Deleted: )
tension [15259] : cng. Deleted: .
Trng thi ng sut ca vt th di tc dng
ch yu ca cc lc ko.
tension crack [15260] : Trng thi ng sut
ca vt th di tc dng ch yu ca cc
lc ko.
1- ph hy ko, ph hy cng.
Hin tng ph hy gy ra bi ng sut ko.
2- khe nt tch.
Khe nt vi b mt x x, thng dc ng,
pht trin theo hng vung gc vi trc ng
sut chnh cc tiu, hay song song vi trc ng
sut chnh cc i.
tension fault [15261] : t gy cng. Deleted: .
Danh t chung cho cc t gy gy ra bi
hin tng ko.
tension fracture [15262] : khe nt cng.
Khe nt do ng sut cng gy ra.
tension gash [15263] : khe nt cng, khe nt
cnh g. Deleted: .
Ph hy, khe nt cng, ngn, pht trin dc
theo cc i ct, thng c dng ch Z, S. Cc
khe nt cng c th m hoc c lp y
bi cc mch qung to nn cu to bc
(en echelon).
tension joint [15264] : khe nt cng. Deleted: .
n: tension fracture.
tension zone [15265] : i cng. Deleted: .
Phm vi bin dng, trong cc yu t thnh
phn c khuynh hng b ko, gin ra theo
mt phng.
tensor [15266] : tenx.
Khi nim, m t mt i lng c hng
trong khng gian (v d ng sut, bin dng)
gm nhiu vect thnh phn.
tentacle [15267] : xc tu.
Nhng tay rt do c nhiu chc nng
ng vt khng xng sng, v d nhng mu
hnh ng ko di ca lp o mm c th c ng
627
c vn ra t a ming ca mt polyp San
h, c tc dng trc ht kim mi, hoc nh
cc chi thon c cm gic.
tentaculitid [15268]: (thuc b Tentaculitida).
ng vt khng xng sng bin c trng
bng i xng to tia, v hnh nn nh c t
ngang vi kch thc v khong cch thay i,
c kha dc, mt phng phi vi nh nhn t v
l nh vch v. Chng thuc b Tentaculitida,
v xp gi nh vo Mollusca. Tui: Ordovic
sm n Devon mun, nhng i biu c nht
thuc ging Tenitaculites.
tepee structure [15269] :
Mt loi cu trc trm tch ln xn gm mt
np un m trong lt ct ngang ging hnh ch
V b lt ngc hoc mt ct ca dy ni c
nh nhn tui Indi Bc M. iu c l l
mt dng cu trc thnh sm c hnh
thnh ra ca bn a gic ln sinh ra do s
m rng ca cc trm tch b mt (Assereto v
Kendall, 1977). n: enterolithic.
tephra [15270] : vn ni la.
tephrite [15271] : tephrit.
Nhm phun tro c c tnh ca basalt,
ch yu gm c plagioclas calci, ogit v
nephelin hay lxit (thnh phn feldspathoid
chnh), vi cc khong vt ph feldspar kim.
xm nhp tng ng l theralit. Khi c
nhiu olivin th c tn l bazanit.
tephritoid [15272] : tephritoid.
Nhm thnh phn trung gian gia basalt
v tephrit, ngha l c thnh phn ha hc ca
tephrit nhng c nn thy tinh giu Na thay v
c nephelin.
tephrochronology [15273] : b su tp, gia
cng v m t thch hc, nh tui gn ng
ca tephra.
B su tp, gia cng v m t thch hc, nh
tui gn ng ca tephra. y l lnh vc nghin
cu tng i mi; "nghin cu vn (tephra)
ni la nay hy cn l mt mn nghin cu cha
chnh xc".
tephroite [15274] : tephroit.
Khong vt nhm olivin: Mn2SiO4, gp cng
cc khong vt ca km v mangan.
terbium [15275] : terbi (Tb).
Nguyn t ha hc s 65, nguyn t lng
158,9253; t trng 8,23 g/cm3, thuc nhm kim
loi nng, REE, lithophil, c 1 ng v bn v
40 khng bn. Hm lng Tb trong v lc a
trn l 0,5 ppm. Cc khong vt tiu biu l
monazit, bastnaezit, xenotim, cerit, alanit.
Phng php phn tch: ICP-MS. Dng Tb lm
vt liu quang t v hunh quang.
Terebratellacean [15276] : Terebratellacea.
Cc Tay cun thuc mt lin h c c
trng l c quai tay di. Tui: Creta mun n
ngy nay.
Terebratellid [15277] : Terebratellidina. Deleted: .
Cc Tay cun thuc mt phn h c quai tay
pht trin n mc gip vi b bn l v vch
gia. Tui: Devon n ngy nay. Deleted: D
Terebratelliform [15278]: kiuTerebratellida.
Ni v quai tay, hay v giai on tng trng
trong s pht trin quai tay ca mt Tay cun Deleted: d
Terebratellida, c cc nhnh r di vi nhng Deleted: D
di ni tip vi vch gia, sau cong li thnh Deleted: r
cc nhnh r gp nhau bng nhng di.
Terebratulacean [15279] : Terebratulacea.
Tay cun c khp thuc mt lin h c
trng bi s pht trin ca mu bn l v cc
phin bn l ngoi, v s vng mt cc phin Deleted: tin
bn l trong. Tui: Trias mun n ngy nay.
Terebratuliform [15280]:kiu Terebratulacea.
Mt kiu quai tay ngn dng in hnh ch U
hay W thy phn ln Tay cun thuc lin h Deleted: Thut ng c Adam v
Frenzel ngh nm 1977. Cng c th x
Terebratulacea.
Formatted
Terebratuliniform [15281]:kiu Terebratulina.
Mt kiu quai tay Tay cun ngn c cc mu
mc tay ni lin gia hay hon ton vi mt
b phn hnh vng hay hnh hp.
Terebratuloid [15282] : Terebratulida.
Tay cun c khp thuc mt b c c trng
l v c mt ngoi r vi ng bao hnh git
nc c u cui nhn. Tui: Devon sm n
ngy nay.
terlinguaite [15283] : terlinguait.
Khong vt h n nghing, mu vng:
Hg2ClO.
ternary diagram [15284] : biu ba cu t.
Biu hnh tam gic th hin mi quan h
trn th ca thnh phn v hn hp ba hp
phn ca h ba cu t.
ternary feldspar [15285] : feldspar ba
hp phn.
Feldspar bt k cha hn 5% hp phn th
ba: anorthoclas, sanidin natri, oligoclas kali
hoc andesin kali.
ternary sediment [15286] : trm tch ba
thnh phn.
Loi trm tch bao gm s hp to ca Deleted: xo trn
3 thnh phn, v d : mt tp hp gm ct, Deleted: hoc cc phn cui cng
bt, st.
Deleted: bn
ternary system [15287] : h ba cu t.
H c ba hp phn, v d: CaO-Al2O3-SiO2.
ternovskite [15288] : ternovskit.
Khong vt h n nghing nhm amphibol:
Na2(Mg,Fe+2)3Fe+32Si8O22(OH)2, gn vi
riebeckit v thnh phn ho hc.
628
 terrace [15289] : thm.
1- Mt t phng, b mt rung bc thang
trn i t, thm.
2- Dng cu trc kiu thm trn y
i dng.
terrace placer [15290] : sa khong thm.
n: bench placer.
terrace plain [15291] : thm ng bng.
Thm rng pht trin tt th hin mt ng
bng hp nhng l ng bng "thc".
terraced pool [15292] : h bc thm.
Vng nc nng trn b mt g , c dng
hnh trn ti nc t ti b mt, c hnh
thnh t kt ta ca vi v silicat trong mt loi
to c bit.
terraceslope [15293] : sn thm.
Vch ng pha di ra ngoi ca thm,
mt trc ca thm.
terracette [15294] : sng.
Mt bng nh hoc cc dng c dng bc
c to nn trn mt ca khi t st dc theo
sn i, do trt t nh.
terrain [15295] : lnh th.
Di hoc vng t rng ln ca b mt Tri
t c coi nh l mt c im t nhin, mt
mi trng sinh thi hoc ni c cc hot ng
kinh t ca con ngi.
terrain analysis [15296] : phn tch lnh th.
Nghin cu c trng v t nhin v nhn
sinh ca mt vng.
terrain correction [15297] : hiu chnh
a hnh.
1- Hiu chnh s liu o trng lc nhm a
v cng mt mc cao so vi mc nc bin.
2- Hiu chnh s liu in v t do nh
hng ca a hnh.
terrane [15298] : teran, a khu, mnh.
1- Phm vi rng ln ca v Tri t b gii
hn bi cc t gy c lch s pht trin a cht
khc nhau vi cc teran nm k. Mt teran v
tng qut c xem l mt mnh ring bit ca
vt cht i dng hoc lc a gn thm vo
mt craton ra hot ng bi s bi kt
(accretion). n: accretionary terrane.
2- Mt cch khng chnh thc, cn ch
mt khu vc c s pht trin u th mt loi
hoc mt nhm no .
terra rossa [15299] : t tn d mu to
thnh lp ph trn vi; terarosa.
Loi t tn d mu nu to thnh lp ph
trn vi, c trng trong vng karst bao
quanh bin Adriatic, di iu kin kh hu kiu
a Trung Hi. Cn vit l terra rosa .
terrestrial deposit [15300] : trm tch lc a.
1- Trm tch nm di t trn mc thy Deleted: a)
triu i lp vi trm tch bin v bao gm cc
trm tch to thnh t hot ng ca bng h,
gi, ma xi hoc sng sui. V d trm tch h,
trm tch lc a.
2- Trm tch nm di t i lp vi cc m Deleted: b)
c thnh to t hot ng ca nc. V d
trm tch bng h hoc gi.
3- Trm tch c hnh thnh do nc sng Deleted: c)
sui hoc nc ngm. Ss: terrigenous deposit.
terrestrial longitude [15301]: kinh
Tri t.
terrigenous deposit [15302] : trm tch
lc nguyn.
Trm tch bin nng c thnh phn bao gm
cc vt liu b xi mn t b mt lc a. Deleted: t
terskite [15303] : terskit. Deleted: ng ngha: hemipelagic
Khong vt: Na4ZrSi6O16.2H2O. deposit, pelagic deposit: trm tch na
Tertiary [15304] : k tam, k Th ba. bin khi, trm tch bin khi.
K u tin ca i Kainozoi (sau Creta ca Formatted
Mesozoi v trc k t), ko di t 65 n Deleted: , mt bng nh hoc cc dng
1,69 triu nm trc y (Harland et al., 1990), c dng bc c to nn trn mt ca
gm cc th: Paleocen, Eocen, Oligocen, khi t st dc theo sn i, do trt
t nh.
Miocen v Pliocen. Theo quan nim ban u,
tam c xem l mt i, ty theo tc gi m
chia thnh nm k (Paleocen, Eocen, Oligocen,
Miocen v Pliocen) hoc ch hai k (Paleogen v
Neogen).
tertschite [15305] : tershit.
Khong vt: Ca4B10O19. 20H2O.
teruggite [15306] : terugit.
Khong vt n nghing:
Ca4MgAs2B12O22 (OH)12.12H2O. Deleted: .
teschemacherite [15307] : teshemacherit.
Khong vt mu pht vng n trng: Deleted: .
(NH4)HCO3.
teschenite [15308] : teschenit. Deleted: , a khu, a khi.
xm nhp sm mu, cha plagioclas calci,
augit, i khi c hornblend v t biotit, analcim.
hnh thnh su va. Hohennegger
(1961) t tn theo vng Tescchen, Tip Khc.
test [15309] : th nghim, kim tra, th.
test boring [15310]:khoan th, khoan thm d.
testibiopalladite [15311] : testibiopaladit.
Khong vt h lp phng: Pb(Sb, Bi)Te.
testing normal populations [15312] : kim
tra lut phn phi chun. Deleted: .
Khi ta c mt tp hp kt qu mu v ta
tnh c cc tham s ca tp mu y, xem Deleted: t t
tp mu c phi l theo phn phi chun th c
Deleted: t
th dng cc tiu chun kim tra. Cc tiu chun
thng dng l tiu chun so snh s trung bnh Deleted: a
v so snh phng sai, v d nh cc chun Deleted: e
F,t, 2 ,... Khi tha nhn mt gi thuyt no ta Deleted: Cng gi l terra rosa, t gc:
"t t"
629
c th phm sai s loi i, loi ii vi mt mc
ngha nht nh.
test load [15313] : ti trng th nghim.
n: trial load.
test pit [15314] : h o th nghim.
n: trial pit.
test point [15315] : im o th nghim nm
trong s im o.
test site [15316] : hin trng th nghim.
test well [15317] : ging th nghim.
Ging o hay l khoan tin hnh cc vic
th nghim chuyn mn.
tetartohedral [15318] : thuc hnh t
phn din.
Ch lp tinh th ca mt h c hnh n tng
qut ch cha mt phn t s mt tng ng
vi hnh n tng ng trong lp ton i
(holohedral) thuc chnh h . Ss: merohedral.
tetartohedron [15319] : hnh t phn din.
Hnh n tinh th bt k thuc lp t phn
din trong mt h tinh th.
tetartoid [15320] : hnh bn mt ba ng gic.
Hnh n tinh th khp kn thuc h lp
phng c mi hai mt bng mt phn t s
mt ca hnh tm mt su tam gic. Hnh bn
mt ba ng gic c th phi hoc tri.
Tethys [15321] : bin Tethys.
Bin c nm v tr ca ai to ni Alpi-
Hymalaya, vo gia thi k to ni Hecxini v
Alpi, b bin mt do va chm gia lc a u-
v tiu lc a n .
tetraauricupride [15322] : tetraauricuprit.
Khong vt h bn phng: CuAu.
tetracoral [15323] : San h bn tia.
San h thuc mt nhm c b xng i
xng bn mt.
tetradymite [15324] : tetradymit.
Khong vt mu xm thp nht: Bi2Te2S.
thng gp khi dng l trong cc mch cha
vng cng vi telurobismut.
n: telluric bismuth.
tetraferroplatinum [15325] : tetraferoplatin.
Khong vt h bn phng: Pt, Fe.
tetragonal dipyramid [15326] : thp i
bn phng.
Hnh n tinh th c bn mt gm hai thp
bn phng i xng nhau qua mt phng i
xng. Tit din vung gc vi trc bc bn duy
nht l hnh vung. K hiu l {h0l} hoc {hhl}
trong phn ln tinh th bn phng, cng l
{hkl} hoc {khl} trong lp 4/m.
tetragonal dipyramidal class [15327] : lp
thp i bn phng.
Lp i xng tinh th h bn phng c i
xng 4/m.
tetragonal disphenoid [15328] : hnh bn mt
bn phng.
Hnh n tinh th gm bn mt tam gic cn,
trong trc 4 duy nht ni tng cp hai nh
thnh hai ng thng vung gc vi nhau. K
hiu l {hhl}, {kkl} trong 4 2m, hoc {h0l},
{hhl}, hoc {hkl} trong 4.
tetragonal disphenoidal class [15329] : lp
bn mt bn phng.
Lp tinh th trong h bn phng c i
xng 4.
tetragonal prism [15330]:lng tr bn phng.
Hnh n tinh th c bn mt bng nhau ct
theo giao tuyn song song vi trc bc bn. Tit
din vung gc vi trc bc bn l hnh vung.
K hiu l {100}hoc {110} vi i xng 4/m
2/m 2/m hoc {hk0} trong 4/m.
tetragonal pyramid [15331]:thp bn phng.
Hnh n tinh th gm bn mt tam gic cn
bng nhau v cng chung mt nh, tit din
y ca thp l hnh vung. K hiu l {h0l} v
{hhl} trong i xng 4mm, l {hkl} trong i
xng 4.
tetragonal pyramidal class [15332] : lp thp
bn phng.
Lp tinh th trong h bn phng c i Deleted: .
xng 4.
tetragonal scalenohedral class [15333] : lp
tam gic lch bn phng.
Lp tinh th h bn phng c i xng
4 2m.
tetragonal scalenohedron [15334] : tam gic
lch bn phng.
Hnh n tinh th gm tm mt l tam gic
thng, hao hao ging hnh bn mt bn
phng, i xng 4 2m. K hiu l {hkl}.
tetragonal system [15335] : h bn phng.
Mt trong su h tinh th c trng bi ba
trc vung gc vi nhau, trong mt trc
thng ng l trc i xng bc bn, n ngn
hn hoc di hn hai trc nm ngang bng nhau.
n: pyramidal system.
tetragonal trapezohedral class [15336] : lp
mt thang bn phng.
Lp tinh th h bn phng c i xng 422.
tetragonal trapezohedron [15337] : hnh mt
thang bn phng.
Hnh n tinh th c tm mt l hnh thang,
k hiu l {hkl}, i xng 422, c th l hnh
phi hoc tri.
tetragonal trisoctahedron [15338] : hnh tm
mt ba t gic.
n: trapezohedron.
630
 tetragonal tristetrahedron [15339] : hnh bn
mt ba t gic.
n: deltohedron.
tetrahedral [15340] : thuc hnh bn mt.
C i xng hoc hnh dng ca hnh
bn mt.
tetrahedral coordination [15341] : phi tr
t din.
S phn b nguyn t, trong mt ion c
bao bc bi 4 ion 4 gc, tm ca chng to
thnh hnh bn mt bc ion gia, c trng l
t din SiO4.
tetrahedral radius [15342] : bn knh t din.
Bn knh ca cation khi nm trong phi tr
t din.
tetrahedrite [15343] : tetrahedrit.
Khong vt ng hng mu xm thp n
en st: (Cu,Fe)12Sb4S13, ng hnh vi tenantit,
thng cha km, ch, thy ngn, cobalt, nikel
hoc bc thay th mt phn ng. Tetrahedrit
thng to tinh th bn mt rt c trng t hp
vi qung ng. L qung quan trng ca ng,
v i khi l qung c gi tr ca bc.
n: fahlore; gray copper ore; panabase;
stylotypite.
tetrahedron [15344] : hnh bn mt hay t
din.
Hnh n tinh th h lp phng, c i xng
4 3m hoc 23. l a din gm bn mt tam
gic u. Tt: tetrahedral.
tetrahexahedron [15345] : hnh su mt bn.
Hnh n tinh th h lp phng, c 24 mt
u l tam gic cn, c bn mt phn b trn
mt mt ca hnh lp phng, k hiu l {hk0}
v i xng l 4/m 32/m.
n: tetrakishexadron.
tetrakalsilite [15346] : tetrakalsilit.
Khong vt: (K, Na)AlSiO4. a hnh vi
kalsilit vi trc a khong 20 . Ss: trikalsilite.
tetrakishexadron [15347] : hnh su mt bn.
n: tetrahexahedron.
tetramorph [15348] : bin th bn.
Mt trong bn dng tinh th to t hnh.
tetramorphism [15349] : t hnh.
Mt kiu a hnh [tinh th] trong c 4
dng tinh th hay 4 bin th, c gi l bin
th bn-tetramorph. Tt: tetramorphous.
tetramorphous [15350] : thuc t hnh.
Tnh t ca tetramorphism.
tetranatrolite [15351] : tetranatrolit.
Khong vt h bn phng thuc h zeolit:
Na2Al2Si3O10. 2H2O. Thnh to t paranatrolit b
mt nc.
tetraquricupride [15352] : tetraquricuprit.
Khong vt h bn phng: CuAu.
tetrawickmanite [15353] : tetrauickmanit.
Khong vt h bn phng: MnSn(OH)6.
Lng hnh vi wickmanit.
textural maturity [15354] : cu to (cu trc)
trng thnh.
Thut ng xc nh tnh ng nht v c ht,
mi trn tt ty thuc vo tnh n nh ca Deleted: v ph
ni trm tch v ng nng thay i ca sng v Deleted: s xut hin ca cc
dng chy. Nhng khng ph thuc vo thnh
Deleted: thay i
phn khong vt. (Folk, 1951).
texture [15355] : kin trc. Deleted: nng lng
(th) c tnh kt cu ca bao gm cc c Deleted: Cu trc trng thnh
im hnh hc v mi quan h gia cc khong
vt to , v d: kch thc, hnh dng v s sp
xp ca cc yu t hp phn ca trm tch
hay i vi magma l ht, kt tinh v
s sp xp cc yu t hp phn ca chng.
Thut ng c dng cho cc yu t quy m
nh (mt thng v hin vi) nh l tnh cht bn
ngoi ca ng nht hay nhiu khong.
Trong khi , thut ng cu to (structure) c
dng ch yu i vi cc c tnh to ln hn ca
. i khi hai thut ng trn c dng ng
ngha song song, c bit c s bt ng trong
ngn ng, v d: trong ting Php hai thut ng
trn c ngha ngc li.
n: topographic texture.
TGA [15356] : TGA.
Vit tt ca thermogravimetric analysis.
thalcusite [15357] : thalcusit.
Khong vt: Cu3-xTl2Fe1 + xS4.
thalenite [15358] : thalenit.
Khong vt mu tht hoc hng: Y2Si2O7.
thalfenisite [15359] : thalfenisit.
Khong vt cha tali tng t djerfisherit:
Tl6(Fe, Ni, Cu)25S26Cl.
thallite [15360] : thalit.
Epidot mu lc pht vng.
thallium [15361] : thali (Tl).
Nguyn t ha hc s 81, nguyn t lng
204,383; t trng 11,84 g/cm3, thuc nhm kim
loi nng, chalcophil, c 2 ng v bn v 45
khng bn. Hm lng Tl trong cc (ppm):
v lc a trn l 0,75; siu mafic 0,05; gabro-
basalt 0,18; granit-granodiorit 1,1; phin 1,
trong t 0,5. Khong vt tiu biu l crookesit
(Cu,Tl,Ag)2Se, lorandit TlAsS2. Phng php
phn tch: ICP-MS. Dng Tl trong cc lnh vc
luyn kim, in t, knh thy tinh, nhit k nhit
thp, thuc dit loi gm nhm.
Thanetian [15362] : Thaneti.
Bc do Renevier xc lp nm 1873, theo tn Deleted: thnh
o Thanet Anh, l bc ca thi a tng quc
t, bc trn cng ca Paleocen nm trn Seeland,
631
nm di Ypres ca Eocen..
thaumasite [15363] : thaumasit.
Khong vt mu trng:
Ca3Si(OH)6 (CO3)(SO4).12H2O.
thaw depression [15364] : trng bng tan.
Mt h trn mt do h ln tip theo s tan ti
ch bng trn mt vng bng kt vnh cu.
n: thermokarst depression.
thecodont [15365] : c rng trong .
Ni v rng ng vt c xng sng nm
trong (huyt), hoc v kiu mc rng t cc .
thecodontia [15366] : c rng trong .
Mt b ca B st dng Thn ln c nguyn
thy c hnh dng c th khc nhau, tin thn
ca Khng long v mt s C su. Tui; t
Permi n Trias mun.
Theis curve [15367] : ng cong Theis.
ng cong biu din mi quan h gia
h thp mc nc vi thi gian bm th nghim
c thnh lp trn giy logarit da trn phng
trnh Theis. n: theis equation.
Theis equation [15368] : phng trnh Theis.
Phng trnh biu din mi quan h gia
h thp mc nc vi thi gian trong qu trnh
bm th nghim t tng cha nc c p b cch
ly khi xut hin ch n hi. Phng trnh c
dng sau; S = - Q r . Trong ;.
2
4 Km 4at
S- h thp ct p lc ti v tr cch l
khoan bm th nghim mt on r sau thi gian
t tnh t khi bt u bm;.
Q-lu lng bm;.
Km-h s dn nc ca t ;.
a-h s truyn p;.
Ei-hm s m tch phn.
theisite [15369] : theisit.
Khong vt Cu5Zn5[(As, Sb)O4)]2(OH)14.
thematic map [15370] : bn chuyn .
thenardite [15371] : thenardit.
Khong vt mu trng hoc pht nu, h trc
thoi: Na2SO4. Gp dng khi hoc kt v lin
quan vi cc h mui.
theralite [15372] : theralit.
xm nhp sm mu, mu en gm
plagioclas calci, nephelin, augit, mt t sanidin
natri, amphibol natri, olivin. Ngoi cc khong
vt trn thng c mt biotit, apatit, qung st.
Theo phn loi ca IUGS th theralit l xm
nhp vi F gia 10 v 60 v P/(A + P) > 90.
Rosembusch (1887) t tn theo tn o Thera,
Sanforini.
therapsida [15373] : Cung th.
Mt b ca B st mt h thi dng gn vi
Th v cu to chi, chiu di ui v kiu chung
ca s; cc B st ging Th theo ngha hp. Deleted: Bc trn cng ca Paleocen,
Tui; t Permi n Jura sm. tng ng vi bc Kachin ca Nga.
Theria [15374] : Th thc th.
Mt phn lp gm tt c cc ging Th ang
sng, tr nhm n huyt (Monotremata) Deleted: .
trng. Tui: t Jura mun n nay.
Theriodontia [15375] : Rng th.
Mt phn b ca B st Cung th (Thera-
-psida) , c trng l c xu hng chuyn sang
thi quen n tht v c hnh thi v chc nng
ging Th. Tui; t Permi n Jura sm.
thermal analysis [15376] : phn tch nhit.
Nghin cu cc qu trnh bin i vt l v
ha hc ca vt liu khi nhit bin thin. n:
differential thermal analysis; thermoanalysis.
thermal aureole [15377] : vnh (i) nhit.
thermal band [15378] : di nhit, hng
ni nhit.
thermal bar [15379] : mc nhit.
Ranh gii phn vng mt h ln c s khc
bit r rng v nhit b mt; s khc bit Formatted
thng pht hin r vo cc ma xun v thu
trong iu kin kh hu nht thi. Vo ma
xun, nc cc h ln, mc nhit ni chung m
hn so vi cc vt th trong h v ma thu th
lnh hn gn b.
thermal capacity [15380] : nhit dung. Deleted: S=-Q/(4
thermal conduction [15381] : tnh truyn
dn nhit.
thermal conductivity [15382] : dn nhit.
thermal diffusivity [15383] : khuch
tn nhit.
c tnh ca vt th khuch tn nhit ph
thuc v t trng, nhit dung ring ca chng.
Trong khuch tn nhit thay i t 0,005-
-0,025 cm2/giy.
thermal energy yield [15384] : mc nng
lng nhit. Deleted: .
Trong ni la hc ni v mc nng lng
nhit ca mt t phun dung nham, da trn cc
c tnh nhit v khi lng ca cc sn phm
phun ra.
thermal fracture [15385] : khe nt nhit; gin
on nhit . Deleted: K
1- Khe nt hnh thnh trong do s thay
i t ngt ca nhit .
2- S gin on nhit trong khi gy nn
bi bin thin t ngt ca nhit . Qu trnh
xy ra khi cc khong vt to c h s n
khc nhau, v d: mt vch thu v pht nhit
qu nhanh hay khi gim nhit qu nhanh lc
Mt tri ln. Thut ng ny va m t
mt i tng (ng nt) va m t mt
qu trnh.
632
 thermal gradient [15386] : gradient nhit.
S thay i nhit theo khong cch
khng gian. ng dng cho Tri t l gradient
a nhit.
thermal infrared [15387] : hng ni nhit.
Mt on ca ph hng ni, thay i bc
sng t 3-15 m. Di hng ni nhit bao hm
nh nng lng pht x ca Tri t. Vit tt:
thermal IR. n: thermal band.
thermal metamorphism [15388] : bin cht
nhit.
Mt dng bin cht lm thay i ha hc ca
c khng ch bi s nng cao nhit , v
pht trin trn quy m hp, p sut thp khng
c hot ng bin dng km theo.
n: thermometamorphism.
thermal peak [15389] : nh nhit.
Trng thi nhit cao nht m bin cht tri
qua trong qu trnh bin cht. Ni cch khc,
im nhit cao nht trn tuyn P-T-t ca . Cc
bin cht ti hoc cn k vi im c c
trng bi cc t hp khong vt cng sinh tiu
biu. nh nhit khng trm ln ton b din
tch ca min b bin cht.
thermal pollution [15390] : nhim nhit.
Hin tng tng nhit ca mi trng do
nhng cht thi c nhit cao hn nhit
xung quanh, c tc ng xu i vi mi trng.
V d: x nc thi c nhit cao t nh my
nhit in vo sng h khin cho lng oxy ha
tan trong nc gim, nh hng xu n s sng
ca cc loi thy sinh.
thermal spring [15391] : mch nc nng.
Ni xut l t nhin ca nc nng thin
nhin ln mt t.
n: hot spring, thermal water.
thermal structure [15392] : cu trc nhit.
S sp xp theo i tng cao dn mc
bin cht trn bnh cu trc, v d np vng
nhit hay vm nhit. Cu trc nhit lin quan ti
qu trnh to ni v c pht sinh bi ngun
nhit cc b, c khi km theo s pht tn nng
chy (Winklen, 1967).
thermal water [15393]: nc nng (thin
nhin).
Nc thin nhin di t, c ni l ra trn
mt t lun lun c nhit theo quy nh ca
tiu chun Vit Nam hoc tiu chun nc
ngoi, c Nh nc Vit Nam cho php p
dng (theo nh ngha ca lut khong sn
CHXHCN Vit Nam).
thermo mineral water [15394] : nc
khong nng.
Nc khong c nhit cao ( Vit Nam
tm quy c l t 30oC tr ln).
n: mineral water; thermal water.
thermoanalysis [15395] : phn tch nhit.
n: thermal analysis.
thermobarometer [15396] : nhit p k
a cht.
thermodynamic equylibrium constant
[15397] : hng s cn bng nhit ng hc.
thermodynamic potential [15398] : th nhit
ng hc.
Hm s trng thi nhit ng hc, mt cc tr
ca hm s l iu kin cn v cho s cn
bng ca h di nhng iu kin c th, v d:
nng lng t do Gibbs l th nhit ng hc
ca mt h ti p sut v nhit c nh.
n: free energy.
thermodynamic process [15399] : qu trnh
nhit ng hc.
S thay i bt k mt tnh cht v m ca h
nhit ng hc.
thermodynamics [15400] : nhit ng hc.
Khoa hc x l bng ton hc mi quan h
gia nng lng nhit v cc dng nng lng
khc nh c nng v ha nng.
thermogenesis [15401] : ni nhit.
S nng cao nhit trong vt th do cc
phn ng xy ra trong ni ti. V d: qu trnh
oxy ha hay phn hy cc nguyn t phng x
pht nhit.
thermogram [15402] : biu nhit.
Hnh nh thu c do qut u trn min ph
nhit hng ni.
thermography [15403] : o nhit.
Thut ng do R. Williams (1972) xng
thay th cho cm t " hnh nh nhit hng
ni" c ngha nh chp nh "photography".
Khng c g mu thun trong s tn ti sng
i ca hai thut ng "photography" v
"thermography" bi v ch u l "ghi li phn
x nng lng Mt tri" cn ch th hai l "ghi
nng lng nhit pht ra".
thermogravimetric analysis [15404] : php
phn tch nhit trng lng.
n: thermogravimetry. Vit tt: TGA. Deleted: ca
thermogravimetry [15405] : php phn tch
nhit trng lng.
Phng php phn tch da trn c s o s Deleted: i
tng ln hoc gim i trng lng ca cht trong
qu trnh tng hoc gim nhit vi tc
khng i.
n: thermogravimetric analysis.
thermokarst [15406] : karst nhit, hang ngoi
trong bng.
1- Cc c dim a hnh ging karst c
633
to ra vng bng ng vnh vin bi s tan a
phng nn bng v s lng ng tip theo ca
nn.
2- Vng c hnh thi karst nhit (thermokarst
topography).
3- Qu trnh hnh thnh hnh thi karst nhit.
n: cryokarst.
4- Hang ngm hnh thnh do nhit.
thermokarst depression [15407] : trng
karst nhit.
n: thaw depression.
thermokarst lake [15408] : h karst nhit.
n: cave in lake.
thermokarst mound [15409] : i karst nhit.
i gc cnh tn d c bao bc bi cc
trng st c to ra bi s tan bng b mt
vng ng bng vnh vin.
thermokarst topography [15410] : hnh thi
karst nhit.
Mt t khng u, c cc hang h, m
ly, ng, ging v nhng trng st khc c
hnh thnh vng bng ng vnh cu do tan
lp bng trn mt. Theo s biu hin b ngoi,
hnh thi karst nhit ging nh hnh thi karst
khng bng phng, hnh thnh do ha tan
vi.
thermoluminescence [15411] : hunh quang
nhit, nhit pht quang.
Tinh cht ca mt vt th c kh nng pht
sng khi nung. N c pht sinh t s gii ta
nng lng c lu gi nh s chuyn v tr
electron trong mng kt tinh.
thermoluminescent dating [15412] : nh
tui hunh quang nhit.
Phng php nh tui p dng i vt liu
tng c nung nng nhit (v d: s gm,
dng dung nham). Mt phn nng lng c
ta ra do phn r ht nhn sng lu c lu gi
nh ci by in t, v nng lng c gii gaylusit.
ta di dng nh sng khi nung nhit tr li.
Tui ca mu vt c xc nh nu o c
hunh quang, hunh quang c kch thch
nh c mt liu pht x trc, v liu pht x t
mu vt theo n v thi gian trong qu kh s
c o.
thetis haistone [15413] : tc thetis.
Th cha hoc b m xuyn bi cc bao
th l cc tinh th dng si mu lc ca
hornblend, asbest, v c bit l actinolit, phn
b ln xn thnh bi nh tc ri.
thetomorph [15414] : dng theto.
Pha thy tinh hoc ging thy tinh, thng
c thnh phn ca thch anh hoc feldspar,
thnh to do bin i trng thi rn cc
khong vt kt tinh ban u di tc ng ca
sng kch thch, vn gi hnh dng, kin trc
nguyn thy (nh vt v, song tinh dng tm,
hnh dng ht) ca khong vt hoc ht tn ti
trc .
thetomorphic [15415] : thuc v dng theto.
Thuc v hoc lin quan vi dng theto, v
d, thy tinh silica dng theto", c chit sut
1,46, vn gi nguyn hnh thi ca thch anh
ban u trc khi b tc ng ca sng kch
thch. T gc Hy lp: thetos-lm theo +
morphe-hnh dng.
thichness contour [15416] : ng chiu dy.
n: isopach.
thichness line [15417] : ng chiu dy. Deleted: .
n: isopach.
thichness map [15418] : bn ng
chiu dy.
n: isopach map.
thick bed [15419] : lp dy.
thin bedded [15420] : phn lp mng.
Thut ng c dng m t lp trm tch Deleted: cho cc
c b dy thay i trong khong di 30cm Deleted: t hn
(1 ft) n t hn 1cm (0.4 in). Thng dng cho
tng (lp) c chiu dy trong khong 5-60cm,
mt lp c b dy di 5cm nhng ln hn 1cm Deleted: t hn
gi l "phn lp rt mng".
thin section [15421] : lt mng thch hc.
Mt mnh hoc khong vt c mi
mng n dy 0,03 mm v c gn vo gia
cc tm knh soi di knh hin vi. Phn ln
v khong vt trong sut v bn trong c
ch to lt mng cho php xc nh cc tnh
cht quang hc ca chng. n: section.
thin walled sampler [15422] : ng ly mu
t thnh mng.
thinolite [15423] : thinolit.
Calcit mu vng nht n nu sng, c tinh
th vi hai u hnh thp, c th gi hnh theo
thiospinel [15424] : thiospinel.
Tn chung cho cc khong vt c cu trc
kiu spinel v c cng thc tng qut l AR2S4.
third law entropy [15425] : nh lut th ba
v entropy.
S khc nhau trong entropy ca mt cht
gia mt nhit xc nh vi khng tuyt
i c xc nh nh nh lut th ba ca nhit
ng hc. n: third law of thermodynamics.
third law of thermodynamics [15426] : nh
lut th ba ca nhit ng hc.
Entropy ca mt cht kt tinh hon thin bt
k s bng khng ti nhit khng tuyt i.
third order leveling [15427] : mt bc ba.
third order multiple [15428] : sng phn x
634
 ba ln.
third order pinacoid [15429] : hnh i mt
bc ba.
Trong tinh th h ba nghing, l bt k hnh
i mt no c k hiu {hk0} hoc {hk0} vi
i xng 1.
third order prism [15430] : lng tr bc ba.
Hnh n tinh th trong h bn phng, l
lng tr {hk0} vi i xng 4m, 1 hoc 4.
Trong h su phng l lng tr {hki0} vi i
xng 6/m, 6, hoc 3. Trong h trc thoi v n
nghing l bt k lng tr {hk0} no.
tholeiite [15431] : tholeit.
Basalt trn bo ha silic (c thnh phn
chun thch anh), c c trng bi s hin
din ca pyroxen ngho calci (pyroxen thoi hoc
pigionit) cn c pyroxen xin v plagioclas
calci. Trong cn c olivin, nhng thnh phn
chun, thch ha th khng c olivin
v nephelin.
tholeiitic basalt [15432] : basalt tholeit.
tholeiitic rock series [15433] : lot tholeit.
Lot cc ni la ng magma trn bo
ha silic, s c mt ca nn augit (trong basalt)
hoc pigotit (trong andesit v dacit) v thnh
phn ha hc rt giu st so vi magnesi giai
on sm ca qu trnh tin ha magma.
thomsenolite [15434] : thomsenolit.
Khong vt mu trng, h mt nghing:
NaCaAlF6. H2O.
thomsonite [15435] : thomsonit.
Khong vt zeolit: NaCa2Al5Si5O20. 6H2O, c
kh nhiu Ca, Al c thay th bi Na, Si, i
khi khng cha natri, thng gp dng khi
cc tinh th ta tia. n: ozarkite.
thorbastnaesite [15436] : thorbastnaesit.
Khong vt mu nu:
Th(Ca,Ce)(CO3)2F2.3H2O.
thoreaulite [15437] : thoreaulit.
Khong vt mu nu: SnTa2O7.
thorianite [15438] : thorianit.
Khong vt: ThO2, ng hnh vi uraninit,
thng cha cc nguyn t t him v uran.
Phng x mnh.
thorite [15439] : thorit.
Khong vt h bn phng mu nu, en, i
khi vng-da cam: ThSiO4, ng cu trc vi
thorogumit, phng x mnh, thng b bin i,
c th cha n 10% uran. Thorit trng ging
zircon, thng l khong vt ph ca granit,
syenit v pegmatit. Lng hnh vi hutonit.
thorium [15440] : thori (Th).
Nguyn t ha hc s 90, nguyn t lng
232,0381; t trng 11,72 g/cm3, thuc nhm
kim loi nng, actinid, lithophil, c 27 ng v
khng bn. Hm lng Th trong cc (ppm):
v lc a trn l 10,3; siu mafic 0,05; gabro-
basalt 2,2; granit-granodiorit 15; phin 12;
trong t 9,4. Cc khong vt tiu biu l thorit
ThSiO4, thorianit ThO2, monazit. Phng php
phn tch: ICP-MS, INAA, o hunh quang.
Dng Th trong cng ngh ht nhn, thu knh,
n kh, hp kim Mg-Ni.
thorium 230 / protactinium 231 excess
method [15441] : phng php Th-230/Pa-231
xc nh tui.
Cn gi l phng php Protacti-ion xc nh
tui.
thorium 230 / thorium 232 age method
[15442] : phng php Th-230/Th-232 xc
nh tui.
Cn gi l phng php ion-thori xc
nh tui.
thorium 230 / protactinium 231 deficiency
method [15443] : phng php Th-230/U-234
v Pa-231/U-235 xc nh tui.
Phng php xc nh tui da trn c s s
hnh thnh ca sn phm uranium con t ng v
urani. Tui c xc nh tu theo s o cc t
s Th-230/U-234 v Pa-231/U-235. Phng
php ny c dng tnh tui cho cc ho thch
San h hoc xng c tui 10.000-250.000 nm.
thorium lead age method [15444] : phng
php thori-ch xc nh tui.
Phng php xc nh tui da trn c s
bit t s Th-232 trn Pb-208. y l mt phn
ca phng php urani-thori-ch xc nh tui.
thorium series [15445] : dy thori.
Dy phng x bt u t Th-232.
thorogummite [15446] : thorogumit.
Khong vt th sinh: Th(SiO 4)1-x(OH)4x.
ng cu trc vi thorit v c th cha ti
31,4% uran. n: mackintoshite; maitlandite.
thorosteenstrupine [15447] : thorostinstrupin.
Khong vt mu nu ti n gn nh en:
(Ca,Th,Mn)3Si4O11F.6H2O.
thorotungstite [15448] : thorotungstit.
n: yttrotungstite.
thortveitite [15449] : thortveitit.
Khong vt mu lc xm: (Sc,Y)2Si2O7, l
nguyn liu cho scandi.
thorutite [15450] : thorutit.
Khong vt mu en:
(Th, U, Ca)Ti2(O, OH)6. n: smirnovite.
thread [15451] : ngi, rch.
1- Dng nc rt nh.
2- Phn gia ca dng chy.
3- ng chy dc theo b mt dng chy,
635
ni cc im c vn tc ln nht.
threadgoldite [15452] : threadgoldit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
Al(UO2)2(PO4)2 (OH).8H2O l phosphat tng t
ca metavanuralit h ba nghing.
three layer structure [15453] : cu trc
ba lp.
Mt kiu cu trc lp c ba lp cho mt c
s hon chnh. V d mt s phlogopit, trong
mt c s, dc theo trc c c 1 lp tm mt v
2 lp bn mt. Nhng mica kiu thng
thuc h su phng. Ss: two-layer structure.
three phase inclusion [15454] : bao th
ba pha.
Bao th trong khong vt (c bit l
ngc) cha cc tinh th nh, cht lng v kh.
Ss: two-phase inclusion.
threeling [15455] : tam tinh.
n: trilling.
threshold concentration of chemical
elements [15456] : hm lng ngng ca cc
nguyn t ha hc.
Gii hn v hm lng ca mt nguyn t
ha hc trong mi trng sng m nu thp hn
(i vi nguyn t dinh dng) hoc cao hn
(i vi nguyn t c hi) th con ngi v sinh
vt s mc bnh hay pht trin khng bnh
thng. V d: hm lng ngng ca fluor
trong nc ung l 0,7-1,5mg/l, nu t hn
0.7mg/l th ngi s b bnh sn rng, long
xng, nu nhiu hn 1,5mg/l s b bnh m
men rng, dn xng,v.v.
threshold limit value (TLV) [15457] :
ngng gi tr gii hn.
Nng (liu lng) ti a ca nhng yu t
c hi trong mi trng (nh nhim nc,
khng kh, ting n,...) c th chp nhn. Vt
qu ngng s nguy him cho sc khe ca
con ngi v sinh vt.
throw [15458] : c ly.
1- C ly dch chuyn theo phng thng
ng ca t gy.
2- Thnh phn thng ng ca hin tng
trt theo hng dc.
throw (of a fault) [15459] : t gy thun,
cnh treo ca t gy thun.
thrust [15460] : chm, t gy nghch chm.
1- Chuyn ng chm ln ca lp ny so vi
lp khc, v d hin tng chuyn ng trong
t gy nghch.
2- t gy nghch chm.
thrust block [15461] : khi nghch chm.
n: thrust sheet.
thrust fault [15462] : t gy nghch chm.
t gy nghch c gc dc 45o, cnh treo
trt tng i ln pha trn so vi cnh nm.
thrust nappe [15463] : khi nghch chm,
khi ngoi a.
n: thrust sheet.
thrust outlier [15464] : o, , chm. Deleted: .
Cc tr nm di cc c.
thrust plane [15465] : mt chm. Deleted: .
Mt t gy nghch chm hoc mt trt ca
khi a di.
thrust plate [15466] : khi nghch chm, khi
ngoi a.
n: thrust sheet.
thrust sheet [15467] : khi nghch chm, khi
ngoi a. Deleted: .
Cnh treo ca t gy nghch chm vi mt
t gy thng b dch chuyn vi khong cch
ln hn b dy ca n. Khi nghch chm
chuyn xa n ni no gi l khi ngoi a
(allochithon). n: thrust block; thrust nappe; Deleted: vi
thrust plate.
thrust slide [15468] : vy chm.
Th a cht tng i mng gii hn bi t
gy nghch chm v nm trong i ph hy t
gy nghch chm.
thrust surface [15469] : mt t gy
nghch chm. Deleted: .
Mt tng i bng phng, ta vo n xy ra
hin tng t gy nghch chm.
thulite [15470] : thulit.
Zoisit mu hng, hng, ta, cha
mangan, c s dng lm trang tr.
thulium [15471] : thuli (Tm).
Nguyn t ha hc s 69, nguyn t lng
168,9342; t trng 9,321 g/cm3, thuc nhm
kim loi nng, REE, lithophil, c 1 ng v bn
v 37 khng bn. Khong vt tiu biu l
monazit, bastnaesit, cerit, alanit. Phng php
phn tch: ICP-MS. Dng trong cc lnh vc vt
liu hunh quang, laze.
thumper [15472] : ngun to sng a chn
c hc.
Thit b to sng a chn bng cch th mt
vt nng. Thng l mt vt nng 3 tn th
cao khong 3m. Deleted: .
thunder egg [15473] : trng ca sm
(dng trng). Deleted: .
Thut ng dn gian ch cc th trn ca
chalcedon, opal hoc m no l loi tuf cht st
b phong ho ca vng Oregon.
Thuringian [15474] : Thuring.
Bc chu u. Permi thng (nm trn Deleted: Xem: thrust sheet.
Saxon, nm di Trias).
Thuringite [15475] : Thuringit. Deleted: .
636
 Khong vt mu lc liu thuc nhm clorit,
l th chamosit cha st ba. ng hnh vi
penantit.
Thyssen gravimeter [15476] : my o d
thng trng lc kiu Thyssen.
tidal basin [15477] : bn thy triu.
Bn trong vng thy triu c nc c duy
tr mc mong mun nh ca bin. Bn b ngp
nc triu cng ko di n khi c gii
phng mc triu kit.
tidal bedding [15478] : phn lp thy triu.
Trm tch thnh lp do thy triu to nn
trong mt dng triu, mt bi triu hoc mt
m ly thy triu, c bit s phn lp trm
tch c hnh thnh ni c dng triu cao tc
ln hn ni c dng triu thp theo hng
i din, bi v ni c trm tch ht th c
tch ng nh dng triu cao khng b ph
hy bi dng triu thp.
tidal bench mark [15479] : du bc mi
mn do thy triu.
Du ny c c nh vng chc trong mt
bc bnh n v c a ra dn chng v
mt mc triu ti trm o thy triu.
tidal channel [15480] : dng triu.
Mt knh chnh m cc dng triu tin t
ngoi khi vo trong bi ly hoc bi triu.
tidal correction [15481]: hiu chnh thy triu.
Hiu chnh s liu o trng lc nhm b
phn trng lc hp dn do Mt trng v Mt tri
gy nn.
tidal delta [15482] : delta thy triu.
Delta c thnh to ca thot triu trn
c hai pha: pha bin v pha vng, ph, bng s
c mt o chn hoc ct ca vnh do s thay
i dng chy triu qut sch ct trong v ngoi
ca thot triu.
tidal delta marsh [15483] : m ly tam gic
chu thy triu.
m ly nc mn xung quanh cc ph lu
ca sng thy triu bn trong ca thot triu.
tidal divide [15484] : ranh gii thy triu.
Ranh gii gia hai dng triu.
tidal flat [15485] : bi thot triu.
Di t bng b ly ha, xen k b ph v
khng b ph thy triu, cha cc trm tch b
ri (ch yu l bn v ct). N c th to nn
nh ca b mt trm tch delta. n: tide flat.
tidal flat, mud flat [15486] : vng t chu
nh hng thy triu.
tidal flushing [15487] : tc dng vn chuyn
ca thy triu.
S vn chuyn ca trm tch ca sng do s
ln xung ca thy triu xy ra mnh
m hn, n nh hn, ph bin hn trong
dng sng.
tidal gravity [15488] : lc hp dn do thy
triu gy ra (vl).
tidal gravity correction [15489] : hiu chnh
thy triu vo cc gi tr lc hp dn.
tidal inlet [15490] : ca thot triu.
Ca nc triu chy xen k : v pha
t lin khi triu ln v v pha bin khi
triu xung.
n: tidal outlet; tidal channel.
tidalite [15491] : thy triu. Deleted: dng chiu gy
Trm tch c tch t nh cc dng triu,
nh s trm ng xen k ca dng triu ko v Deleted: tc l cc
dng triu ng hoc nh s ngng trm tch
ca dng triu ng. Hin tng ny xut hin
c hai mi trng khu vc (vng) gia triu v
vng triu nng cn triu chim u th.
tidal land, littoral [15492] : khu vc chu nh
hng thy triu.
tidal marsh [15493] : bi ly triu.
Bi ly vin theo b (trong vng nc nng
hoc vnh kn) hnh thnh bng bn v cc gc Deleted: n
cy chu mn st, thng ngp nc triu cng.
tidal outlet [15494] : ca thot triu.
n: tidal inlet. Deleted: dng
tidal pool [15495] : vng triu. Deleted: tip theo
n: tide pool. Deleted: ko di
tidal river [15496] : sng do triu.
Deleted: (b)
Sng c phn h lu rt di chu nh hng
ca thy triu. S chuyn ng ca nc vo
hay ra ca ca sng (hoc ca thot triu) l kt
qu ca s dng xen k rt ca thy triu.
n: tidal stream. Deleted: S
tidal sour [15497] : xi mn do triu.
Xi mn su v bn sn trn y bin do
cc dng triu mnh a ti kt qu l di chuyn
cc trm tch trong b v hnh thnh cc lng
hoi h su. Deleted: m ly nc mn ti ni c
cc phn nhnh ca sng do thy triu
n: scour. bn trong ca thot triu.
tidal stand [15498] : triu ng.
Deleted: ti ni c cc phn nhnh ca
tidal stream [15499] : sng do triu, dng sng do
chy do triu.
tidal swamp [15500] : bi triu ly.
Bi c ph nc tng phn ca sng chy
ngc li khi triu cng.
tidal wedge [15501] : nm thy triu.
Dng triu c rng hp hn v su
nng hn cui ngun.
tide [15502] : thy triu.
S nng ln-h xung c chu k ca mc
nc bin hoc h ln do sc ht ca Mt trng,
Mt tri. Deleted: nh
tide flat [15503] : bi thot triu.
637
 n: tidal flat.
tideland [15504] : phm vi b chu nh hng
ca triu.
1- Phm vi b bin xen k b ph v khng b
ph bi cc triu hng ngy thng thng. l
vng t ngp nc khi triu dng.
2- Vng t nm di i dng bn ngoi
vt nc thp, nhng bn trong vng nc t
trong lc a a ra ca mt quc gia.
tide pool [15505] : vng triu.
Vng nc (nh trong bn ) li trn bi
bin hoc rn bi mt k triu rng.
tide rip [15506] : Vng nc (nh trong bn
) li trn bi bin hoc rn bi mt k
triu rng.
Ch nc xoy do cc dng triu i din
gp nhau v chm xung, hoc do dng triu t
ngt i vo vng nc nng.
tidewater [15507] : nc triu.
1- Dng nc chy trn mt t khi triu
dng, nc ph phm vi b chu nh hng ca
triu (tideland). Dng nc chu nh hng
dng, rt ca thy triu.
n: tidal water.
2- B bin hoc b vng t thp c cc dng
nc do triu chy ngang qua.
tie bar [15508] : bi ni o vi t lin.
n: tombolo.
tied island [15509] : o ni vi t lin.
o c ni vi t lin hoc vi o khc
bng mt ct ni o. n: tombolo island.
tiemannite [15510] : tiemanit.
Khong vt mu xm ti n gn nh en:
HgSe.
tienshanite [15511] : tienshanit.
Khong vt: Na2BaMnTiB2Si6O20.
tiff [15512] : tif.
Thut ng dc dng ch calcit vng
Ty-Nam Missouri v ch barit vng ng-
Nam Missouri.
tiger's eye [15513] : mt h.
Ngc thch anh, trong m n bn trong,
mu nu pht n pht nu, c hiu ng
mt mo, c dng lm ngc hoc trang
tr, gi hnh theo crociolit, trong cc si (m
xuyn vo thch anh) bi bin i thnh oxid st
(limonit). Crocidolit b silic ho nhum mu
vng hoc nu bi oxid st. Khi b nung nng,
limonit tr li thnh hematit to nh n
nu. Cng vit l: tiger-eye; tigereye.
n: tigerite.
tight [15514] : khng thm nc, cht.
Tiglian [15515] : Tigli.
Bc a tng kh hu v thc vt Bc u.
Pliocen thng (nm trn Pretigli, nm di
Eburon).
tikhonenkovite [15516] : tikhonenkovit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
SrAlF4(OH).H2O.
tilaite [15517] : tilait.
gabro c kin trc ht kt tinh v cha
nhiu clinopyroxen lc v olivin, mt t pyroxen
thoi cng vi khong 29% plagioclas calci.
Thut ng mang tn vng Tila Kamen, pha bc
dy ni Ural Nga. Ngy nay khng dng.
tilasite [15518] : tilasit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu xm tm:
CaMg(AsO4)F, ng hnh vi isokit.
till [15519] : bng tch.
Hn hp khng ng nht gm st, bn, ct,
cui tng c kch thc v hnh dng thay i,
khng la chn, khng phn tng, b ri, c
tch t trc tip do bng h v nm di bng
h, khng b bin i tip theo do bng tan.
n: boulder clay, glacial till, ice-laid drift.
tilleyite [15520] : tileyit.
Khong vt mu trng: Ca5(Si2O7)(CO3)2.
till plain [15521] : ng bng bng tch.
a hnh c b mt t bng phng ti ln
sng c bng tch lt di.
tilting method [15522] : hiu chnh my o
trng lc bng phng php nghing.
timbering [15523] : ti vch g chng thnh
h o.
time [15524] : thi; thi gian; thi k.
1- n v a thi khng chnh thc ng sau
k (age) do Phn ban thut ng a tng quc t
(ISST, 1961) ngh. n: geologic time.
2- Mt khong nin i a cht no , v d
thi k Paleozoi, thi k Miocen, v.v.
time consolidation curve [15525] : biu c
kt-thi gian.
M t qu trnh nn c kt t vi thi gian.
time correlation [15526] : i snh, so snh
thi gian.
n: chronocorrelation.
time curve [15527] : ng cong biu din
thi gian truyn sng a chn trong
khng gian.
time depth curve [15528] : ng cong ch
thi gian truyn sng a chn theo phng
thng ng.
time factor [15529] : h s thi gian trong bi
ton c kt t nn.
time mark [15530] : thang thi gian (trn
bng a chn).
time marker [15531] : thit b nh du
trn thang thi gian.
638
 time rock span [15532] : khong, phm vi
a tng.
n: stratigraphic range.
time rock unit [15533] : phn v thch thi.
Thut ng ca thi a tng, t s dng.
time settlement curve [15534] : biu
ln-thi gian.
time stratigraphic facies [15535] : tng thi
a tng.
Tng a tng c nhn bit chia trn
khong thi gian a cht xy ra tch t hoc
khng tch t trm tch; nhng tng ring l
bin i c quy lut theo chiu ng hoc ngang
t phn di cng n phn trn cng ca
khong a tng .
time stratigraphic unit [15536] : phn v thi
a tng.
n: chronostratigraphic unit.
time stratigraphy [15537] : thi a tng, nin
i a tng.
n: chronostratigraphy.
time transitional [15538] : chuyn tip
thi gian.
Mt phn v thch a tng bn trong c mt
b mt a thi quan trng cho nn phn v bao
gm cc lp thuc hai phn v a tng k nhau
(hai h chng hn).
time unit [15539] : phn v thi gian; phn v
nin biu.
n: geologic-time umit.
time value [15540] : gi tr thi gian; phm vi
thi gian.
Khong thi gian a cht c th hin hoc
lin quan n s thnh to mt phn v a tng,
mt khng chnh hp, mt khong phn b ha
thch hoc mt c im, mt s kin a cht
no .
Timiskamian [15541] : Timiskami.
Mt phn v tui Arkei vng khin Canada,
ph ln Keewat. Cn gi l Timiskaming.
tin [15542] : thic (Sn).
1- (h) Tn Latinh l stannum. Nguyn t
ha hc s 50, nguyn t lng 118,7107; t
trng 5,76-7,31 g/cm3, thuc nhm kim loi
nng, siderophil, c 10 ng v bn v 36 khng
bn. Hm lng Sn trong cc (ppm): v lc
a trn l 2,5; siu mafic 0,3; gabro-basalt 0,9;
phin 5; trong t 4. Cc khong vt tiu biu
l casiterit SnO2, stannit Cu2FeSnS4. Phng
php phn tch: ICP-MS, AAS. Dng Sn trong
cc lnh vc luyn kim, thuc tr su, dit nm,
nha khoa, sn (c bit i vi tu bin), ngnh
hp, hng khng.
2- (kv) Khong vt mu trng pht lam,
nguyn t kim loi t nhin Sn; Thut ng dng Deleted: (b)
khng cht ch ch casiterit; cc kt hch cha
casiterit v mt lng nh cc khong vt khc.
tinaksite [15543] : tinaksit.
Khong vt: K2NaCa2TiSi7O19(OH).
tincalconite [15544] : tincalconit.
Khong vt h mt thoi, khng mu n
trng xn: Na2B4O7.5H2O.
n: mohavite; octahedral borax.
tinder ore [15545] : qung bi nhi.
Jamesonit khng tinh khit. n: pilite.
tin ore [15546] : qung thic.
n: cassiterite. Formatted
tinp yrites [15547] : pyrit thic. Formatted
n: stannite. Deleted: es
tinstone [15548] : thic.
n: cassiterite.
tinticite [15549] : tinticit.
Khong vt mu trng kem:
Fe6(PO4)4(OH)6. 7H2O.
tintinaite [15550] : tintinait.
Khong vt: Pb5(Sb, Bi)8S17.
tin-white cobalt [15551] : cobalt trng thic.
n: smaltite.
tinzenite [15552] : tinzenit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu vng:
(Ca, Mn, Fe)3Al2(BO3)(Si4O12)(OH). Loi axinit
giu mangan.
Tioughniogan [15553] : Tioughniogi.
Bc Bc M. Devon trung (nm trn
Cazenovi, nm di Taghnic).
tip [15554] : u, nh.
1- im tn cng ca mt khi trt t nh
ca n.
2- Phn khi u dng nn ca Chn c
(Archaeocyathida). ng ngha khng nn
dng spitz.
tiptopite [15555] : tiptopit.
Khong vt:
(Li, K, Na, Ca, )8Be6P6O24 (OH)4.
tirodite [15556] : tirodit.
Khong vt h n nghing thuc nhm
amphibol: (Mg, Mn)7Si8O22(OH)2.
tisinalite [15557] : tisinalit.
Khong vt nhm lovozerit:
Na3H3(Mn, Ca, Fe)TiSi6(O, OH)18.2H2O.
titanaugite [15558] : titanaugit.
Augit giu titan v gp trong bazal.
titanic iron ore [15559] : qung st titan.
n: ilmenite, titaniferous iron ore.
titanite [15560] : titanit.
n: sphene.
titanium [15561] : titan (Ti).
Deleted: (a)
Nguyn t ha hc s 22, nguyn t lng
639
47,867; t trng 4,54 g/cm3, thuc nhm kim
loi nng, lithophil, c 5 ng v bn v 15
khng bn. Hm lng Ti trong cc (ppm):
v lc a trn l 3117; siu mafic 3000; gabro-
basalt 10000; granit-granodiorit 3000; phin
6000; trong t 4000, trong nc bin 0,001
mg/l, trong nc sng sui 0,003 mg/l. Cc
khong vt tiu biu l ilmenit FeTiO3, rutil
TiO2, sphen CaTiSiO5. Phng php phn tch:
XRF, ICP-AES, ICP-MS. Dng Ti trong cng
ngh hng khng, xc tc, hp kim, cu to
mu, kem nh rng, vt liu nh gm v hn
ng, sn.
titanochromite [15562] : titanochromit.
Khong vt trong c cc thnh phn
FeCr2O4, TiFe2O4, FeAl2O4 v MgO.
titanomaghemite [15563] : titanomaghemit.
T chung ch manhetit c cha Ti.
titanomagnetite [15564] : titanomagnetit.
Loi manhetit c cha st-titan:
Fe(Fe+2,Fe+3,Ti)2O4.
titanorhabdophane [15565]: titanorabdophan.
Tundrit. Khong vt
Na3(Ce,La)4(Ti,Nb)2(SiO4)2(CO3)3O4(OH).2H2O.
n: tundrite.
Tithonian [15566] : Tithon.
Bc do Opel (1865) xc lp theo tn nhn vt
thn thoi Tithon, l bc ca thi a tng quc
t, bc cao nht ca Jura, nm trn Kimmeridgi,
nm di Berrias ca Creta. c xem l phn
cao nht ca Jura hoc thp nht ca Creta,
tng ng vi Porthandi min nam chu u.
tlalocite [15567] : tlalocit.
Khong vt:
(Cu, Zn)16(TeO)3(TeO4)Cl (OH)25.27H2O.
tlapallite [15568] : tlapalit.
Khong vt:
H6(Ca, Pb)2(Cu, Zn)3SO4 (TeO3)4(TeO6).
TM [15569] : nh vin thm th ng phc v
lp bn chuyn .
Vit tt ca t thematic mapper. L loi nh
c phn gii t 30 m. Thng c 7 knh vi
tn s sng nh sng t 0.45m 12.5m.
toads eye tin [15570] : thic mt cc.
Casiterit mu pht hoc pht nu, to hnh
chm nho hoc dng thn vi cu trc si v
ng tm bn trong. n: toad's-eye.
Toarcian [15571] : Toarci.
Bc do d' Orbigni xc lp nm 1850, theo tn
thnh ph Thouar ca Php, l bc ca thi a
tng quc t, bc th ba ca Jura h, nm trn
Plienbach, nm di Aalen ca Jura trung.
tobacco jack [15572] : jack thuc l.
Thut ng khai m ch wolframit.
tobelite [15573] : tobelit.
Khong vt cha NH4 tng t muscovit,
NH4 v tr gia cc lp ca K.
tobermorite [15574] : tobermorit.
Khong vt: Ca5Si6O16(OH)2.4H2O.
tochilinite [15575] : tochilinit.
Khong vt h ba nghing:
6Fe0,9S.5(Mg, Fe)(OH)2.
tocornalite [15576] : tocornalit.
Khong vt cha iod thy ngn bc.
toddite [15577] : todit.
Hn hp ca columbit v samarskit.
todorokite [15578] : todorokit.
Khong vt: (Mn, Ca, Mg)Mn+43O7.H2O, c
th cha mt t bari v km. n: delatorreite.
todrillit [15579] : todrilit.
Ryolit sng mu, khng c khong vt mafic
v c thnh phn ha hc tng t alaskit. Thut
ng mang tn ni Tordrillo, Alaska.
toe [15580] : toe, dung nham toe (thch lun);
ra t trt.
1- V tr giao nhau gia phn thp hn ca
mt khe nt cng ca t trt vi mt
nguyn thy.
2- Phn xa nht ca sn hoc vch ng, ra
ca qut aluvi.
3- Ra thp, thng cong ca khi t trt
gm cc vt liu b xo trn, c y ln sn
khng b xo trn. l v tr xa nht so vi v
tr ban u. Deleted: Chu u (Anh)
toe (of a dam) [15581] : chn p.
toe (or foot) of a slope [15582] : chn mi
dc, chn p.
toe tap flood plain [15583] : ranh gii ngoi
ca cnh khc un (ra ngoi ca bi bi
khc un). Deleted: .
toellite [15584] : toelit.
toernebohmite [15585] : toernebohmit.
n: tornebohmite.
tokeit [15586] : tokeit. Deleted: .
Basalt picrit sm mu tng t thnh phn
vi schonfelsit, trong plagioclas l labradorit.
Ss: Oceanit. Thut ng mang tn a phng
Arete de Toke, Ethiopia-khng cn dng na.
tolbachite [15587] : tolbachit.
Khong vt gp ming ni la: CuCl2.
Tolkowsky theoretical brilliant cut [15588] : Deleted:
kiu ct kim cng Tolkowsky.
Mt kiu ct kim cng do Marcel Deleted: thnh
Tolkowsky xut vo nm 1919, sau khi
tnh ton t l cc kch thc v cc gc, sao Deleted:
cho mt vin kim cng khi ct trn s lp lnh Deleted: t
ti a v cho nh la mnh nht. T l l tng
so vi ng knh ln nht (qua mp) ca ng
640
knh mt bn l 53%, chiu cao m (phn trn
mp) l 16,2%, chiu cao chp (phn di mp)
l 43,1%, dy mp 0,7-1,7%.
n: American cut; ideal cut. Ss: brilliant cut.
tollite [15589] : tolit.
xm nhp su va cha cc ban tinh
hornblend, andesin, granat v mt t biotit trn
nn gm mica trng, thch anh v feldspar kim.
Tn mang a danh vng Toll Tyrolean Alps.
n: toelit.
tolovkite [15590] : tolovkit.
Khong vt: IrSbS, lin quan v cu trc tinh
th vi ulmanit.
tombarthite [15591] : tombarthit.
Khong vt: Y4(Si, H4)O12n(OH)4 + 2n.
tombolo [15592] : ct hoc cui hoc e
chn ni o vi t lin hoc vi cc o
khc.
n: connecting bar; tie bar; tying bar.
tombolo cluster [15593] : bi ni o lin
hp.
n: complex tombolo.
tombolo island [15594] : o ni vi t lin.
n: tie island.
tombolo series [15595] : lot bi ni o.
n: complex tombolo.
tomichite [15596] : tomichit.
Khong vt lin quan cht ch vi derbylit:
(V,Fe)4Ti3AsO13(OH).
tonalite [15597] : tonalit.
Mt loi xm nhp, theo phn chia ca
IUGS th Q gia 20 v 60 v P/(P + A) < 90. t
tn theo vng Tonele Pass, bc Italia.
tongbaite [15598] : tongbait.
Khong vt: Cr3C2.
tongue [15599] : dng t on; li, vt
nhn, nm.
1-(th) Dng dung nham nhnh ca dng
dung nham ln hn. n: coulee.
2-(t) Phn v thch a tng, phm vi a l
hn ch, l mt phn ca h tng hay tp,
thng bin mt theo ng phng do thay
i tng.
3-(m) Vng t hnh li trong on sui
un khc.
tooth [15600] : rng, mu rng.
Mu cht vi, chitin hay hay cht sng
ng vt khng xng sng c chc nng ging
nh rng ca ng vt c xng sng, nh di
nghin Chn bng; ng vt Ming hm l
nhng mu rt cng cng thnh phn vi xng
nhng c cu trc phn hng m, nm quai
hm v c chc nng x l thc n s b; mu
dng rng bn l Thn mm hai mnh c tc
dng lm khi cho hai mnh v; que cht vi
trong lng tr n Aristoten ca Cu gai, m u
trn khng vi ha; cc mu nh l ming v
Trng l, c th l n hay rt nhiu, n gin
hay phc tp.
top [15601] : m hay nh (tinh th); im cao
nht ca tip xc gia vt liu xo trn ca t
trt vi mt vch trt. Deleted: .
n: crow.
top of slope [15602] : nh mi dc, nh p.
topaz [15603] : topaz.
1- Khong vt mu trng hoc cc mu nht,
h trc thoi: Al2SiO4(F, OH)2, thng gp nh
hp phn ph trong cc cao silic v cc mch
cha thic dng tinh th trong sut hoc trong
m, tp hp khi ht, cc cui si b bo trn.
Topaz c cng chun 8 theo thang Mohs.
2- Topaz trong sut c dng lm ngc.
3- Thch anh mu vng c b ngoi ging
topaz hay thch anh m khi c nung
chuyn thnh mu vng, c bit l th topaz
gi hoc topaz Scotch. n: Spanish topaz.
4- Thut ng c dng ch mt khong
vt c mu vng lc n vng-da cam, b ngoi
ging topaz, v d topaz phng ng
(corinon mu vng).
topaz quartz [15604] : thch anh topaz.
Thch anh mu topaz, c bit l citrin.
Ss: quartz topaz.
topazolite [15605] : topazolit.
Granat andradit mu vng lc n nu vng,
c mu v trong sut ca topaz.
tophus [15606] : tufa.
T gc Latin. sn: tophi.
topographic [15607] : a hnh.
1- Thuc v hnh thi hc.
2- Qu trnh thnh lp bn hoc th hin
a hnh mt vng, c ngha l "lp bn a
hnh" hoc "bn a hnh".
n: topographical.
topographic correction [15608] :
n: terrain correction.
topographic depresion [15609] :
n: closed depresion.
topographic desert [15610] : hoang mc do
a hnh.
Hoang mc ca vng c lng ma thp do
v tr ca n gia lc a, xa i dng hoc
sn khut gi ca cc ni cao chn cc gi.
topographic divide [15611] : ng chia
nc, ng phn thy. Deleted: .
topographic feature [15612] : nt c trng
ca a hnh.
Hnh thi a hnh ni bt, d nhn bit v b
641
phn ng ch ca n.
topographic form [15613] : dng a hnh.
topographic map [15614] : bn a hnh.
Bn th hin cc c im a hnh ca
mt t thng bng cc ng ng mc. Vi
t l ln, bn th hin hiu qu cc dng to
ra do con ngi v cc dng t nhin, bao gm
a hnh v c cc c im t nhin, vn ha,
thc vt, ng x, h thng sng.
topographic maturity [15615] : giai on
trng thnh ca a hnh.
n: maturity.
topographic old age [15616]: tui c a hnh.
n: old age.
topographic profile [15617]: mt ct a hnh.
n: profile.
topographic relief [15618]:hnh dng a hnh.
n: relief.
topographic survey [15619] : v bn a
hnh, o v a hnh.
o v, xc nh r hnh dng bn ngoi (a
hnh) ca mt t v v tr ca cc dng t nhin
v nhn to trn .
topographic youth [15620] : giai on u
ca a hnh.
n: youth.
topography [15621] : a hnh, mn o v
a hnh.
1- Hnh dng bn ngoi chung hoc phn no
ca b mt Tri t, bao gm a hnh, v tr
cc dng t nhin v nhn to. n: lay of land.
2- Cc c im b ngoi t nhin, cc c
im c th hin bng cc ng ng mc
trn bn , cc c im do con ngi to ra.
3- K nng hoc thc hnh v bn chi tit
cc b mt t nhin hoc nhn to ca mt
vng.
4- M t chi tit mt ni hoc a phng,
thy c s khc bit a l chung ca mt t
nc, hoc ca phn rng khc ca th gii.
topology [15622] : tp hc.
1- Khoa hc nghin cu tnh cht ca cc
dng hnh hc. Khoa hc ny quan tm n cc
tnh cht s liu m t quan h khng gian nh
tnh kch thc, tnh k cn, tnh ni tip,... ca
cc phn t trong bn i vi nhau.
2- Quan h khng gian gia cc im c
nh, cc ng n bin cc trng sng bin
trong gin pha.
topostratigraphic unit [15623] : phn v trc
lng a tng.
Chuyn t ch mt phn v a tng tin cy
bao gm c thch a tng v sinh a tng
kt hp.
topostratigraphy [15624] : trc lng a
tng; a tng o v.
a tng s khi, ban u, bao gm thch a Deleted:
tng v sinh a tng (hm cc nghin cu a
tng ring l, phn bit vi nghin cu tng hp
ca a tng hc). n: prostratigraphy.
topotactic [15625] : topotactic.
dt: topotaxy.
topotaxial [15626] : topotaxial.
dt: topotaxy.
topotaxy [15627] : topotaxy.
S nh hng u tin r rng ca tp hp
tinh th, kt qu ca s bin i a hnh, xy ra
trong cc bin i dch chuyn nhng khng
km theo s ph hu cc mi lin kt nguyn t
ban u, v d, bin i thch anh nhit thp
sang nhit cao. Topotaxy l bin i ti thit
bc thp. Tt: topotactic; topotaxial;
Ss: epitaxy; syntaxy.
toppling [15628] : lt, ln, l .
Mt dng ph hy t, (ch yu ).
topset bed [15629] : lp (tng) ph.
Mt trong cc lp gn nh nm ngang ca
tp trm tch phn trn ca chu th pht trin Deleted: m
v k tc ng bng bi tch lc a, n ct ct
hoc ph ln phn ra ca cc lp trung gian
hng v pha bin. X: bottomset bed. Cng
vit: top set bed. n: topset.
topsoil [15630] : t b mt, t trng trt.
torbernite [15631] : torbernit.
Khong vt h bn phng, mu lc, phng
x: Cu(UO2)2(PO4)28H2O, ng hnh vi autunit.
Torberit thng l khong vt th sinh, gp
dng tinh th hnh tm hoc hnh l.
n: chalcolite; copper uranite; cuproura-
nite; uran-mica.
tornebothmite [15632] : tornebothmit.
Khong vt mu lc: Ce3Si2O8(OH).
Cng vit l: toernebohmite.
Torrejonian [15633] : Torejoni.
Bc Bc M. Eocen h (nm trn Dragon, Deleted: .
nm di Tiffan). Deleted: a)
torrential plain [15634] : thut ng c cho
pediment.
torreyite [15635] : toreyit.
Khong vt : Mg,Mn,Zn)(SO4)(OH)12.4H2O.
Ss: mooreite. n: delta-mooreite. Deleted: b)
torsional shear test [15636] : th nghim
ct xon.
Th nghim ct bng tc dng m men xon.
torso mountain [15637] : ni ni cao trn bn
bnh nguyn, mt monadnock.
torticone [15638] : v cun xon.
V Chn u cun trn mt ng xon ba
642
chiu nh v ca phn ln Chn bng (c).
Tortonian [15639] : Torton.
Bc do Mayer Eymar xc lp nm 1857, theo
tn lng Tortone Italia, l bc ca thi a tng
quc t, phn di ca Miocen thng (nm trn
Serravali, nm di Messina).
toscanite [15640] : toscanit.
L ryodacit cha sanidin, plagioclas
(trung gian gia calci v natri) v khong vt th
yu hypersten, biotit, apatit v qung, nn thy
tinh giu silic. Nm 1897, Washington dng
t tn cho Tuscany, Italia.
n: dellenite, quartz latite.
tosudite [15641] : tosudit.
Khong vt st, trong clorit v smectit c
t l ngang bng v sp xp xen k nhp nhng.
Tosudit thuc loi tm mt i vi tng cation
tm mt thng c gi tr t 6,0 n 7,0, gc l
O20(OH)10 cho mt nhm.
Tot structure [15642] : cu trc Tot (cu trc
bn-su mt).
Trong tinh th, cu trc silicat lp c c s
gm mt lp tm mt (octahedral) kp gia hai
lp bn mt (tetrahedral). Tot l t ghp cc ch
u ca ca t tetrahedral v octahedral.
total [15643] : tng cng (ca nc).
Tng cng carbonat ( cng tm thi) v
cng phi carbonat ( cng vnh vin).
n: carbonate hardness.
total acidity [15644] : tng axit.
Tng lng cc acid mnh v yu biu th
bng mili ng lng ca mt baz mnh, cn
cho vic trung ha cc acid bng cch dng
phenolphtalein chng hn lm ch th.
total displacement [15645]: chuyn v ton b.
total dissolved solids (TDS) [15646] : tng
cht rn ha tan.
Tng trng lng cc cht khong ha tan
trong mt n v trng lng hay th tch nc,
c biu th bng ppm, g/kg hay g/l, mg/l.
n: mineralization, total mineralization.
total hardness [15647] : tng cng.
Tng s cng carbonat (tm thi) v
cng phi carbonat (vnh vin). n: carbonate
hardness, non-carbonate hardness.
total intensity [15648] : cng tng.
Thng dng nh cng t tng T (bng
tng cc thnh phn thng ng Z v nm
ngang H).
total mineralization [15649] : tng
khong ha.
n: mineralization; total dissolved solids.
total runoff [15650] :
n: runoff.
tourmaline [15651] : tourmalin.
1- Nhm khong vt c cng thc chung l:
(Na,Ca) (Mg, Fe+2, Fe+3, Al, Li)3 Al6 (BO3)3 Deleted: thnh
Si6O18(OH)4, i khi cha mt lng nh fluo.
2- Mt khong vt bt k thuc nhm Deleted: . Thuc
turmalin nh buergerit, elbait, v dravit, dng
tinh th lng tr 3,6 n 9 mt bn, thng c
sc dc, hoc dng khi cht st, khi dng ct.
Turmalin thng l khong vt ph trong
pegmatit granit, ph bin rng ri trong xm
nhp acid, bin cht. Mu ca chng thay i
rt rng v thng c dng lm c s t
tn. Nu trong sut, khng c khuyt tt th Deleted: vi
c ct mi lm ngc. Cng vit l: turmaline. Formatted
tourmalinization [15652] : tourmalin ho.
Formatted
S thnh to hoc thay th bng tourmalin.
tourmalite [15653] : tourmalit.
hu nh ch c tourmalin v thch anh vi
s xut hin vt m v cu to t c st n
ht u phn phin. N c ngun gc th sinh,
kt qu ca bin cht trao i v bin cht kh
thnh ra ca cc xm nhp.
Tournaisian [15654] : Turne, Tournais.
Bc do Dupont xc lp nm 1882, theo tn Deleted: thnh
thnh ph Tournais B, l bc ca thi a tng
quc t, bc di cng ca Carbon h, nm
trn Famen ca Devon, nm di Vise ca
Carbon h.
tower [15655] : thp.
Thnh to rt cao hoc nh c cc
sn ng.
tower karst [15656] : thp karst.
Mt kiu thp karst nhit i c c trng
bi cc thp ri ng thc sn dc. N c
th c nh bng v c bao quanh bi ng
bng thng c tch t aluvi. n: turmkarst.
towhead [15657] : o aluvi thp hoc bi cn
trong lng sng.
T plane [15658] : mt T.
Thut ng dng ch mt trt do tnh do ca
tinh th. n: glide plane; gliding plane; slip
plane; tranlation plane.
trabecula [15659] : thanh x, que ni.
Thanh x hay que bng si vi xp ta tia to Formatted
nn mt b phn xng trong cu trc ca vch
v nhng thnh phn lin quan mt San h
mt nhnh phn chia cc ca s Ru ng vt
dng mt li; cc si phn mng ni c th
Bt bin Hexactinellida to nn mt mng,
trong c cc phng c lng roi to nn lp t
bo lt; mt cu trc dng que nh xu, nh hn
v khng u n bng mt ct, ni cc lp
th cng Hi sm (Holothuroidea).
trabecular columella [15660] : ct x.
643
 Mt ct xp San h su tia gm cc x gn
kt lng lo vi thanh ni hay cc thy dng
tm tr.
trabecular linkage [15661] : gn kt bng x.
S gn kt gia cc trung tm ca San h
n th San h su tia, th hin s gn kt
gin tip ca cc ng hng trong cc phn cng.
trabecular network [15662] : mng x, mng
t bo.
Mt mng li cc thanh x Bt bin bng
th xng cng; mng t bo Bt bin
Hexactinellida.
trace [15663] : vt, vi lng; vt nh du;
du vt, ng t gy.
1- (h) Nng ca vt th c t l rt nh,
kh nh lng chnh xc.
2- Mt cht trn thm vo mt cht nht nh
to iu kin cho vic theo di s phn b
hay s nh v ca cht . V d: th mui, cht
mu hay cht ng v vo nc di t theo
di hng v tc dng chy ngm.
3- (kt) Giao tuyn ca mt t gy v mt
a hnh.
trace element [15664] : nguyn t vt.
1- Nguyn t khng phi ch yu trong
khong vt, c tm thy mt lng nh trong
cu trc hoc hp ph trn b mt ca n. Mc
d v nh lng khng xc nh nhng c
cho l nh hn 1% khi lng ca khong vt
hoc .
2- Nguyn t gp hm lng rt nh trong
cy hoc trong ng vt. n: minor element,
microelement.
trace fossil [15665] : ha thch du vt.
Du vt li trong trm tch gm du
chn, vt b, hang hc, ng ng do cc hot
ng sinh sng ca mt con vt to nn, sau
b ha thch.
n: ichnofossil.
trachyandesite [15666] : trachyandesit.
phun tro c thnh phn l trung gian
gia trachyt v andesit, vi plagioclas natri,
feldspar kim, mt hoc nhiu khong vt mu
(biotit, amphibol hoc pyroxen). Mc d trachyt
c xem ng ngha vi latit nhng khc
vi trachyandesit ch latit bao hm c latit v
c latit-andesit. n: mugearite.
trachybasalt [15667] : trachybasalt.
phun tro thnh phn trung gian gia
trachyt v basalt c trng bi s hin din
plagioclas calci v feldspar kim, cng i
clinopyroxen, olivin v c th c t analcim hay
lxit. Thut ng ny c th xem tng t nh
latit, thnh phn trung gian gia latit v basalt
v trung gian gia trachyt v basalt v do c
th gi l latit basalt. n: hawaiit. Deleted: gn ng l
trachydiscontinuity [15668] : khng chnh Formatted
hp ngoi l.
Thut ng ch mt bt chnh hp c b
mt khng bnh thng.
trachydolerite [15669] : trachydolerit.
Basalt kim gm orthoclas hoc anorthoclas
cng vi labradorit v mt s lng nh
feldspathoid.
trachyophitic [15670] : trachyophitic.
Tnh t ca tn kin trc ophit ca cc
magma trong cc ht feldspar bao quanh
pyroxen, ni v sp xp song song hoc gn
song song.
trachyostracous [15671] : dy v.
C v dy, nht l ni v v ca Chn bng.
trachyte [15672] : trachyt.
Nhm phun tro ht mn, ch yu c kin
trc ban trng bao gm feldspar kim v mt t
khong vt mu (biotit, hornblend hoc
pyroxen), c th c plagioclas natri. xm
nhp tng ng l syenit. Trachyt chuyn
thnh latit khi lng feldspar kim gim v
thnh ryolit khi thch anh tng cao. Xut x:
trachyt ting Hy Lp l "x x", ch ny
thng c b mt x x.
trachytic [15673] : trachytic.
1- Tnh t ca tn mt kin trc ca phun Deleted: a.
tro, cc vi tinh feldspar trong nn vi tinh sp
xp song song nhau theo dng chy ca dung
nham. Cn c tn trachytoid, pilotacidic,
orthophyric;.
2- Tnh t cho tn c thnh phn trachyt. Deleted: b.
trachytoid [15674] : trachytoid. Deleted: .
Thut ng kin trc c s dng u tin
cho cc magma hin tinh tng t vi kin
trc trachyt ca mt s dng dung nham. Trong
nhng nh vy feldspar phn b song song
hoc gn song song. Hin nay trachytoid dng
cho tt c cc kin trc tng t, khng ch
ti thnh phn ca m chng xut hin.
traction [15675] : vect ng sut; ko.
1- Vect ng sut tc ng vo mt ct no
ca vt th.
2- Mt kiu vn chuyn trm tch trong
phn vt liu c tri ra ( trn, cnh, ngay
bn trn) v song song vi b mt y bi s Deleted: cn
ln, s trt, s ko, s y hoc s chuyn bin Formatted
t ngt, v d cc tng ln ri xung dc theo
lng sng, hoc ct c mang theo nh gi trn
b mt hoang mc hoc c di chuyn do sng
v dng chy trn bi bin.
traction load [15676] : vt liu ti. Deleted: .
Trm tch th c vn chuyn n tch t
ven bn trng.
644
 tractionite [15677] : Trm tch th c vn
chuyn n tch t ven bn trng.
Tp trm tch ct hoc c ht ln hn phn
lp r, c la chn theo kch thc nh s
vn chuyn ca nc hoc gi.
tranquyllityite [15678] : tranquylityit.
Khong vt h su phng:
Fe8(Zr,Y)2Ti3Si3O24.
transcurrent fault [15679] : t gy
trt ngang.
t gy dch chuyn ngang quy m ln vi
mt t gy gn nh thng ng.
n: transverse thrust.
transform fault [15680] : t gy bin dng.
Do Wilson xut nm 1965. t gy trt
ngang ln lm dch chuyn sng ni gia
i dng, thng l ranh gii ca cc mng
thch quyn.
transform fault plate boundary [15681] :
ranh gii mng trt bng ngang.
Ranh gii gia cc mng m dc theo n c
s chuyn dch ngang bng ca mng ny so vi
mng khc; V hai pha tn cng c th chuyn
thnh ranh gii mng phn ly.
transform margin [15682] : ra bin i.
Ranh gii gia hai mng thch quyn c biu
hin chuyn ng ct.
transformation [15683] : bin i a hnh;
granit ha; chuyn ha.
1-(kv) S thay i t mt bin th a hnh
ny sang mt bin th a hnh khc ca tinh th
bi mt hoc vi qu trnh, v d dilatational
transformation, displacive transformation,
reconstructive transformation, rotational
transformation, substitutional transformation,
order-disorder transformation.
n: inversion (kv).
2-(th) Granit ha. n: granitization.
3-(h) Chuyn ha. n: transmutation.
transformation twin [15684] : song tinh
bin th.
Song tinh pht trin trong qu trnh bin i
a hnh t i xng cao hn xung ti i xng
thp hn. V d: song tinh Dauphin xy ra
trong qu trnh bin i a hnh t thch anh cao
ti thp.
transformism [15685] : thuyt bin i,
thuyt granit ha.
L thuyt gii thch ngun gc ca granit
l sn phm ca qu trnh granit ha, ngc vi
quan im ca thuyt magma. Nhng ngi theo
thuyt ny gi l ngi theo thuyt granit ha.
transformist [15686] : ngi theo thuyt
granit ha, thuyt bin i.
n: granitizer; antimagmatist.
transgression [15687] : bin tin. Deleted: .
Hin tng bin tin vo t lin hoc l do Deleted: T
s nng ln ca y bin, hoc l do s st ln
Deleted: vt liu ct trm tch
ca t lin. Cc vng bin tin phn b c
quy lut, ct a tng trung tm y nht, Deleted: hoc rng
theo th t t di ln kch thc ht trm tch
nh dn.
transgressive [15688] : dng bin tin. Deleted: .
Ni v hin tng trm tch vng bin tin Deleted: .
c c im din phn b ca tr hn cng
ngy cng m rng.
transgressive sediments [15689] : trm tch Deleted: vi
bin tin. Deleted: .
Cc trm tch c lng ng trong qu trnh
nc bin xm ln ln t lin hoc trong qu Deleted: trn hoc
trnh st ln ca t lin v c c trng bi Deleted: u
s sp xp kiu bin tin.
transient beach [15690] : bi bin ti lp.
Ct ca bi bin c mang i bi sng, bo
nhng nhanh chng c hon li do cc dng
chy dc b.
transient method of electrical prospecting
[15691] : phng php thm d in thit
lp trng. Deleted: .
Phng php dng trong tm kim thm d
m qung, tham s s dng-in tr sut.
translation [15692] : tnh tin; chuyn dch.
S trt khi v tr m khng km php quay
trong bin dng do, c coi l s chuyn ng
ca mt khi nguyn t qua mt khi khc.
translation gliding [15693] : trt tnh tin.
n: crystal gliding.
translation lattice [15694] : mng tnh tin.
n: crystal lattice.
translation plane [15695] : mt tnh tin.
n: glide plane.
translational fault [15696] : t gy tnh tin. Deleted: .
t gy trong ch c chuyn ng thng
khng c chuyn ng quay.
translational movement [15697] : chuyn
ng tnh tin. Deleted: .
Dch chuyn ca cc khi t gy khng th
hin chuyn ng xoay i vi cc khi khc,
dn n c trng l trc v sau chuyn ng
tnh cht song song c gi nguyn.
translatory fault [15698] : Dch chuyn ca
cc khi t gy khng th hin chuyn ng
xoay i vi cc khi khc, dn n c trng
l trc v sau chuyn ng tnh cht song
song c gi nguyn.
n: translational fault.
translatory movement [15699] :
n: translational fault. T t c s dng
645
 hn: translational movement.
translucent [15700] : trong m hay bn trong.
Ch khong vt cho mt phn nh sng i
qua nhng cha n mc trong sut.
Ss: opaque; transopaque.
transmission electron microscope [15701] :
knh hin vi in t truyn qua.
Knh hin vi quang hc in t dng mt tp
hp cc thu knh nam chm t v mt chm
in t nng lng cao (80 Kev ti 3Mev) m
xuyn qua lt mng thch hc. u vit chnh l
c phn gii cao 2 nh bc sng rt nh
ca in t (0,037 100Kv). Thng tin thu
c trn mn hunh quang hoc knh nh, l
hnh nh c to ra nh b phn nhiu x thu
gn v dng theo kiu trng sng hoc trng
ti v hnh nh nhiu x in t ca cc vng
la chn. Vit tt: TEM.
transmitting electrode [15702] : in cc
pht (trong thm d in).
transopaque [15703] : trong c.
Ch khong vt trong sut i vi mt phn
ph nh sng nhn thy nhng c vi phn
khc. V d: gotite, hematite (Salisbury v
Hunt, 1968).
transparent [15704] : trong sut.
Ch khong vt cho nh sng xuyn qua, c
th nhn thu i tng qua n.
Ss: translucent; opaque; transopaque.
transport [15705] : vn chuyn.
Thut ng c dng a chung Anh
(Stamp, 1961) v thng xut hin trong t hp
t nh sediment transport v mass transport.
n: transportation.
transport concentration [15706] : tch t
vn chuyn.
Trong mt dng chy, tc ca dng trm
tch chy ct ngang vung gc vi dng c so
snh vi tc ca s ngng dng v trm tch
ngang qua chnh din tch y (ASCE, 1962).
transportation [15707] : vn chuyn.
Mt pha tch t gm s vn chuyn bi cc
nhn t t nhin (nh dng nc, bng, gi hoc
trng lc (sc ht) vt liu trm tch hoc bt
k vt liu b ri no t mt ni ny n ni
khc trn hoc gn b mt Tri t.
n: transport.
transported [15708] : c vn chuyn.
c dng ch loi vt liu trm tch,
c nhng nhn t t nhin mang i t ni ny
n mt ni khc trn hoc gn b mt
Tri t.
transported assemblage [15709] : tp hp
vn chuyn.
Mt tp hp (c sinh thi) trong c cc Deleted: m
mu c vn chuyn mt khong cch ng k,
bng cch y s c s pha trn cc dng khng
c chung ngun gc.
transported soil material [15710] : vt liu
t vn chuyn ti ch.
Vt liu gc c vn chuyn v ti trm tch
ngay ni gc. Tnh t "transported" cng Deleted: s
c dng cho loi t c hnh thnh t ni
c gc. Deleted: ng danh vi : residual
transposition structure [15711] : Vt liu gc material.
c vn chuyn v ti trm tch ngay ni
gc. Tnh t "transported" cng c dng cho Deleted: s
loi t c hnh thnh t ni c gc. . Deleted: ng danh vi : residual
Cu trc trm tch nguyn thy hnh thnh t material.
ngun lng hoc do ca trm tch sau khi tch Deleted: t c
ng v i khi sau s gn kt tng phn ca
trm tch. Deleted: , p30
transverse [15712] : ct qua.
Ni v mch hoc mch nh c nh
hng ct qua lp ca vy quanh hoc ct
qua bt k c im bnh quan trng no.
transverse bar [15713] : ct ngang.
G ct ngm nng, pht trin t nhiu vung
gc vi ng b.
transverse coastline [15714] :
n: discordant coastline.
transverse dune [15715] : n ngang.
n ct khng i xng, ko di vung gc
vi hng gi thnh hnh, c sn dc gi thoi
v sn khut gc dc, thng c vng thc
vt tha tht. Deleted: , p.458
transverse ripple mark [15716] : vt sng
Deleted: t hp
ct ngang.
Vt sng c hnh thnh gn nh vung gc Deleted: l
vi hng ca dng chy, n c lt ct ngang Formatted
i xng hoc khng i xng. Formatted
transverse thrust [15717] : Vt sng c
Formatted
hnh thnh gn nh vung gc vi hng ca
dng chy, n c lt ct ngang i xng hoc Deleted: s tch t vn chuyn
khng i xng. Deleted: c lt
n: transcurrent fault. Deleted: ca s
transverse valley [15718] : thung lng ngang,
Deleted: ca
thung lng ct ngang.
1- Thung lng c ng hng vung Deleted: ca
gc vi ng phng ca ; thung lng Deleted: hoc l phn cng hoc trong
dung dch
nghing, dc.
2- Thung lng ct ngang sng, di ni hoc Deleted: , tc l s vn chuyn ca ct
dc ng b nh dng nc s trt ca
i theo gc vung.
trn bng, s vn chuyn ca bn, st
trap [15719] : by. v s ha tan cc mui bi cc dng nc
1- (kt) Cu trc thun li cho s tp trung, Deleted: cho
tng tr du kh. C ba loi by l by cu to,
Deleted: .
by a tng v by hn hp.
2- (kv) Mt dng khuyt tt trong cu trc Deleted: mang i nh
Deleted: sinh ra chng
646
tinh th c th ht in t lu ng, thng c
tnh tm thi.
trap cut [15720] : ct kiu bc.
n: step cut.
trapezohedral [15721] : thuc hnh mt thang.
Ch lp tinh th thuc h bn phng v su
phng c hnh n tng qut l hnh mt thang.
trapezohedron [15722] : hnh mt thang.
1- Hnh tm mt ba t gic. Hnh n tinh
th h lp phng gm 24 mt, mi mt l hnh
bn cnh, trong cc cp cnh i din khng
song song, hay l hnh mt thang.
n: tetragonal trisoctahedron; leucito-
hedron; icositetra-hedron.
2- Hnh mt thang. Hnh n tinh th gm
su, tm hay mi hai mt. Mt na s mt pha
trn lp gy khc vo mt na s mt pha di.
Mi mt u l hnh mt thang. Hnh n thuc
h bn phng v su phng, c th l hnh tri
hoc phi.
traskite [15723] : traskit.
Khong vt:
Ba9Fe2Ti2Si12O36(OH,Cl,F)6.6H2O.
traveling beach [15724] : bi bin lang thang.
Bi bin lun di chuyn theo mt hng
chung di nh hng trc tip ca l.
travertine dam [15725] : p travectin.
n: rimstone dam.
travertine tarrace [15726] : thm travectin.
Lot cc p vnh (rimstone dams).
treanorite [15727] : treanorit.
n: allanite.
treasurite [15728] : treasurit.
Khong vt: Ag7Pb6Bi15S32, thuc dy ng
ng lilianit.
treated sewage [15729] : nc thi c
x l.
Nc thi c lm sch mt phn hay
ton b khi gy nhim mi trng hay
ti s dng.
treated stone [15730] : c x l.
ngc c nung, nhum mu, tm du,
ph mu hoc chiu x lm cho mu p hn
hoc thay i mu, cng c th khoan bng tia
laze ty khuyt tt. Mt loi c dng
cc bin php bo qun khi mt nc nh
opal vi cc vt nt, rn c lp y bng du
hoc mt cht lng no , hoc cc c to
cc hiu ng c bit, v d h phch vi cc
m trang kim (vt nt cng gin).
treatment of data [15731] : x l s liu.
Dy th tc tin hnh bin i cc s liu
nhm phn tch v nhn c cc kt qu tng
qut hn, mc cao hn. Thng thng
cc th tc ny thc hin bng nhng k thut
t ng.
trechmannite [15732] : trechmannit.
Khong vt h mt thoi, mu : AgAsS2.
tree agate [15733] : m no cy.
M no ru vi cc vt hnh cy.
trema [15734] : l bi tit.
L n hay mt s l thy thnh ngoi ca
mt s Chn bng c chc nng bi tit. Deleted: (a)
Tremadocian [15735] : Tremadoci.
Bc do Sedgwich xc lp nm 1852, theo tn Deleted: thnh
lng Tremadoc x Wales, l bc ca thi a
tng quc t, bc di cng ca Ordovic h
(nm trn Dogelli ca Cambri, nm di
Arenigi). Theo truyn thng, Anh, Tremadoc Deleted: (b)
c xp vo Cambri mc d ha thch ca n
gn gi vi Ordovic.
tremolite [15736] : tremolit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu trng hoc
xm ti thuc nhm amphibol: Ca2Mg5Si8O22
(OH)2, cha mt lng st thay i, c th cha
mangan v crom, thng gp dng lng tr
ngn, mp, hoc hnh kim di, hnh ct, si,
hoc tp hp khi ht, tp hp c st. Tremolit
ch yu gp trong cc bin cht nh vi
dolomit kt tinh hoc phin talc. L hp phn
ca nhiu loi talc thng mi. Ss: actinolite.
Trempealeauan [15737] : Trempealeau.
Bc Bc M, phn cao nht ca Cambri
thng (nm trn Francon, nm di Canadi).
trench [15738] : mng vc; trng; rnh; ho;
hm vc.
1- a. Thung lng di, thng, hnh ch V, hoc
trng gia hai dy ni, thng c hai dng chy
chy v hai hng ngc nhau. n: troungh; b.
Hm vc, sn dc, hp hoc trng b xi mn
do sng; c. Rnh hp, di do xi mn hoc do
chuyn ng kin to, c c im tng t nh
mng o; d. Trng ko di, hp vng thm
bin su c cc sn dc, nh hng song song
vi phng t gy ca lc a nm gia ra lc
a v g nng bin thm. Vc bin thng su
trn 2km, ko di hng nghn km. n: oceanic
trench, marginal trench, sea floor trench.
2- Mng nc su, hm su i dng (ra
cung o, ni ht chm).
trench basin [15739] : mng i dng. Deleted: .
Trng vc i dng pha ngoi cung o.
trend [15740] : phng, nh hng, ng
phng, nh hng tuyn tnh; xu th pht
trin ca mt tp hp mu trong khng gian 3 Deleted: .
chiu (trend).
1- Thut ng chung ch phng ca
trong vt l a cht, phng ca lp, mch,
thn qung, np un hoc ai to ni. Cn dng
647
theo ngha nh: trc kin to, phng trc
kin to.
2- Tp hp s liu a cht thay i theo v
tr (ta ) v vy c th coi s liu l hm s
ca ta im o (ly mu) T = F(x,y,z); x,y
l ta trn mt bng ly mu, z s o. Tm
hm s xp x ca T l ni dung ca phng
php phn tch Trend.
trend analysis [15741] : phn tch xu th.
Tp hp cc phng php ton hc da trn
c s xp x cc gi tr quan trc c ca cc
c trng a cht, pht hin cc xu th
(khuynh hng) chung trong s bin thin ca
cc c trng ny trong mt min hay trong mt
mt ct, ty thuc vo cc tham s. xp x
cc gi tr quan trc c, ngi ta thng chn
hm s theo thi gian hay hm ca cc ta
im, xc nh theo phng php bnh phng
nh nht. Xp x cc s liu quan trc ph thuc
vo mt bin (nh thi gian hay chiu di ca
trm tch,...) c gi l phn tch xu th
thi gian.
Xp x cc s liu ph thuc vo hai bin,
c bit l ph thuc vo ta a l ca im
quan trc, c gi l phn tch xu th theo mt.
Phng php phn tch xu th ngy cng
c s dng rng ri hn. Nhiu bi ton a
cht c lin quan n vic xc nh cc xu th
c th nghim trong khi so snh lin kt v
phn chia mt ct, lp bn cc c trng
a cht, v.v.
trend deposit [15742] : m nh hng.
Thn qung urani trong ct kt dc theo i
hoc hng khong ha. M nh hng thng
l xp thnh tm mng bn song song vi a
tng ni chung.
trend map [15743] : bn trend, bn
xu th.
1- Phn nh xu th phn b hm lng cc
nguyn t trong khng gian. Phn d l hiu s
gia cc gi tr quan trc thc t v gi tr trung
bnh (mt Trend) phn nh gi tr thng ging
a phng hm lng cc nguyn t c gi l
"d thng a ha".
2- Bn a tng th hin tnh h thng cc
c trng quy m ln ca cc n v a tng.
trend surface analysis [15744] : phn tch, xu
th mt.
Phn tch bng my tnh ti liu v mt vng
vi cc mt a thc tt nht nh mt bc 1, bc
2,... nh phng php bnh phng ti thiu.
treptomorphic [15745] : tnh t ca
treptomorphism.
treptomorphism [15746]: bin cht ng ha.
Treutonian [15747] : Treuton.
Bc Bc M. Ordovic trung (nm trn
Wilderness, nm di Eden).
trevorite [15748] : trevorit.
Khong vt mu en n en pht nu ca
dy magnesi thuc nhm spinel: NiFe2O4.
triakisoctahedron [15749] : hnh tm mt ba
tam gic.
n: trisoctahedron.
triakistetrahedron [15750] : hnh bn mt ba Deleted: .
tam gic.
n: trigonal tristetrahedron.
trial point [15751] : im o (trong thm
d in).
triangular coordination [15752] : phi tr
tam gic.
S sp xp nguyn t trong mng, trong
mt ion c bao bc bi ba ion khc cc pha
i din nhau. n: threefold coordination.
triangular diagram [15753] : biu
tam gic.
Phng php biu din thnh phn ca ba
cht hay ba hp phn bng biu hnh tam
gic u. Mi nh ca tam gic biu din mt
hp phn tinh khit. Mi im trong tam gic
biu din hm lng tng i ca ba hp phn
qua khong cch dc theo ng vung gc h
t im ti cc cnh i din cc nh.
triangular facet [15754] : mt tam gic. Deleted: .
Mt t gy trn a hnh c dng tam gic.
triangulite [15755] : triangulit.
Khong vt thuc nhm ranunculit:
Al3(UO2. PO4)4(OH)5. 5H2O.
Trias [15756] : h Trias.
n: Triassic.
Triassic [15757] : k Trias.
L k u tin ca i Mesozoi, sau k Permi
ca Paleozoi v trc k Jura ca Mesozoi, c
thi gian ko di t 245 n 208 triu nm trc
y (Harland et al., 1990), tng ng vi h
Trias ca thi a tng. Tn h c t theo c
im mt ct chia lm ba phn ti c, c
Alberti m t ln u vo nm 1834. H c
chia thng nht lm ba thng, vic phn cc
thng gia cc khu vc c khc nhau lin quan
vi tng trm tch.
triaxial [15758] : ba trc, th nghim ba trc.
triaxial cell (triaxial testing cell) [15759] :
Deleted: .
bung p sut (dng trong th nghim nn
ba trc). n: triaxial compression test.
triaxial compression test
(triaxial- compressive strength test) [15760]:
th nghim nn ba trc.
Th nghim nn ba trc cng tng t nh th
nghim nn n trc, song c thm cc ng sut
648
chnh trung gian v cc tiu tc dng ln mt
bn cong ca mu nh p sut cht lng bao
quanh. y l trng hp ring ca th nghim
nn ba trc ni chung vi cc ng sut chnh
trung gian v cc tiu khc nhau, v do vy,
thng c bit ti di tn gi th nghim
nn ba trc i xng (axisymmetric triaxial
compression test). Mu hnh tr c gia
cng ging nh cho th nghim nn n trc.
Mu c lng vo mt bao cao su cch ly,
t trong bung p sut vi p sut cht lng 3
tc dng ln mt cong ca mu hnh tr. Tc
ng mt ng sut dc trc 1 ln mu bng
mt pt tng c m thp cng, c th chuyn
ng ln xung thng qua mt l mt trn ca
bung p sut. C th to hoc o p sut nc
l rng hnh thnh trong mu qua mt ng
lun di y bung p sut, ni lin vi mu.
Bin dng dc trc ca mu c th o bng cch
dng cc b cm bin vi sai tuyn tnh (linear
variable differential transformers-LVDTs). Bin
dng cc b dc trc hoc bin dng bao quanh
chu vi mu cn c th o bng cc bin dng k
in tr nh ln b mt mu .
triaxial strength [15761]: sc bn nn ba trc.
triaxial stress [15762] :
n: triaxial compression test.
tributary [15763] : dng nhnh.
1- Dng chy cung cp, ni hoc chy vo
dng ln hn hoc vo h. n: tributary stream;
affluent; feeder; side stream; contributary.
2- Thung lng sng c sui nhnh.
trichalcite [15764] : trichalcit.
n: tyrolite.
trichite [15765] : trachit.
Vi tinh th c dng si tc thng hay cong,
c mu en. Trachit nm ring l hay hp li
thnh hnh ta tia, tm thy trong thy tinh ca
magma.
trichroic [15766] : tam sc.
Ch khong vt c tnh tam sc.
trichroism [15767] : tnh tam sc.
Tnh a sc ca khong vt th hin ba
mu. Khong vt c tnh tam sc c gi l
khong vt tam sc.
triclinic system [15768] : h ba nghing.
Mt trong su h tinh th, c trng bi trc
i xng bc mt, c ba trc m di v gc
gia chng l khng bng nhau.
tricolpate [15769] : ba rnh.
Ni v ht phn c ba rnh dc, khng km
theo l. Ht phn ba rnh l loi in hnh cho
thc vt Hai l mm v xut hin u tin di
dng ho thch trong giai on mun ca
Creta sm.
tricolporate [15770] : ba rnh-l. Deleted: .
Ni v ht phn c ba rnh dc, trn mi
rnh c cc l hoc cc bin th khc.
triconodonta [15771] : Rng ba mu. Deleted: .
Mt trong hai b Th (b cn li c tn l
Docodonta) c cu to nguyn thy v khng
xc nh c thuc phn lp no. Tui hu ht
Trias v Jura.
tridymite [15772] : tridymit.
Khong vt: SiO2., l bin th a hnh nhit
cao ca thch anh, thng xut hin dng
vy hoc tinh th tm nh, khng mu hoc mu
trng trong cc hc ca phun tro acid nh
trachyt hoc ryolit. Tridymit bn vng trong
khong 870-1470OC, cu trc h trc thoi
(-trydimit) nhit thp v su phng
(-trydimit) nhit cao. n: christensenite.
trigonal dipyramid [15773] : thp i
ba phng.
Hnh n tinh th c su mt l tam gic cn
l tng gm hai thp ba phng p y l mt
i xng gng, tit din y l mt tam gic
u, k hiu l {h0l } trong i xng 6m2,
{hhl} trong 6 , 32, {hkl} trong 6.
trigonal dipyramidal class [15774] : lp thp
i ba phng.
Lp tinh th h su phng c i xng 6.
trigonal prism [15775] : lng tr ba phng.
Hnh n tinh th c ba mt song song vi
trc i xng bc ba. K hiu l {100} trong i
xng 6m2, 6, 3m v 3; hoc {110} trong i
xng 6, 32 v 3; hoc {hk0} trong 6 v 3.
trigonal pyramid [15776] : thp ba phng.
Hnh n tinh th ba mt l tam gic cn l
tng gp nhau ti mt nh, tit din y l tam
gic u. K hiu l {h0l} trong i xng 3m v
{h0l}, {hhl} v {hkl} trong i xng 3.
trigonal pyramidal class [15777] : lp thp
ba phng.
Lp ca nhnh mt thoi thuc h su phng
c i xng 3.
trigonal scalenohedral class [15778] : lp
tam gic lch ba phng.
n: hexagonal-scalenohedral class.
trigonal system [15779] : h ba phng.
H tinh th c mt trc i xng bc ba,
thng c coi l mt nhnh ca h su
phng v mng c th l su phng hoc mt
Deleted: .
thoi. n: rhombohedral system.
trigonal trapezohedral class [15780] : lp
mt thang ba phng.
Lp tinh th trong nhnh mt thoi ca h su
phng c i xng 32.
649
 trigonal trapezohedron [15781] : hnh mt
thang ba phng.
Hnh n tinh th c su mt, c mt trc
bc ba v ba trc bc hai, khng c mt gng
v tm i xng. Thp ba phng trn quay mt
gc nh hn 300 so vi thp ba phng di. C
hnh phi v hnh tri, k hiu l {hkl}.
trigonal trisoctahedron [15782] : hnh tm
mt ba tam gic.
n: trisoctahedron.
trigonal tristetrahedron [15783] : hnh bn
mt ba tam gic.
Hnh bn mt ba c cc mt l hnh tam gic
ch khng phi l hnh t gic nh trong hnh
bn mt ba t gic. n: triakistetrahedron.
trigonite [15784] : trigonit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu vng n
nu: Mn Pb3H(AsO3)3. Thng gp dng tinh
th hnh tam gic hoc hnh nm.
trihedron [15785] : hnh ba mt.
Dng hnh gm ba mt gp nhau mt im,
v d: hnh n thp ba phng.
trikalsilite [15786] : trikalsilit.
Khong vt h su phng: (K,Na)AlSiO4, a
hnh vi kalsilit vi trc a bng 15.
trilete [15787] : ba khe.
Ni v bo t v mt s phn hoa ca cy c
phi c ng so ba khe t nhiu ging hnh
ch Y. Dt/ Mt bo t c ng so ba khe.
trilithionite [15788] : trilithionit.
Mica lepidolit tm mt ba c thnh phn l
tng l: K(Li1,5 Al1,5)(Si3Al1)O10(F,OH)2.
trill [15789] : tam tinh.
n: trilling.
trilling [15790] : tam tinh.
Song tinh ca tinh th mt xch gm ba c
th. n: threeling; trill.
Trilobite [15791] : B ba thy (Trilobita).
ng vt Chn khp bin thuc mt lp c
trng bng khung xng ngoi ba thy, dng
trng n gn elip, dc theo chiu di thy r
trc v nhng phn bn v theo chiu ngang
c phn thnh khin u (pha trc), khin
thn (gia) v khin ui (pha sau). Tui:
Cambri sm n Permi.
trimerite [15792] : trimerit.
Khong vt mu hng nht:
Be(Ca,Mn)(SiO4).
trimorph [15793] : bin th tam hnh.
Mt trong ba dng tinh th to tam hnh.
trimorphism [15794] : tam hnh.
Mt kiu a hnh ca tinh th trong c ba
bin th c gi l bin th tam hnh. Tt:
trimorphous. Ss: dimorphism v tetramorphism.
trimorphous [15795] : thuc tam hnh.
Tnh t ca trimorphism.
Trinitian [15796] : Trinit.
Bc Bc M. Creta h (nm trn Nuevoleon,
nm di Frederickburgi).
trioctahedral [15797] : thuc tm mt ba.
Ch cu trc lp ca khong vt, trong
mi v tr tm mt c th lp y.
Ss: dioctahedral.
triphane [15798] : triphan.
n: spodumene.
triphylite [15799] : triphylit.
Khong vt trc thoi mu lc xm hoc
lc lam: Li(Fe+2,Mn+2)PO4, ng hnh vi
lithiophilit.
triple junction [15800] : cu to chc ba, cu
to ch Y. Deleted: .
Cu to c ba nhnh xut pht t mt im,
thng l cu to nguyn thy tch mt mng
thnh ba mng. Cc ng tch ny c th l t
gy su, rift, aulacogen, a ho.
triplet [15801] : ghp ba.
Vin ngc c ghp bi hai phn chnh
ca vt liu ngc, cn xi mng gn kt l hp
phn th ba, cc ghp lm cho pht mu.
Cn gi l ghp i (doublet). Deleted: .
triplite [15802] : triplit.
Khong vt mu nu ti:
(Mn,Fe,Mg,Ca)2(PO4)(F,OH).
n: pitchy iron ore.
triploidite [15803] : triploidit.
Khong vt mu pht vng n nu pht :
(Mn,Fe)2(PO4)(OH). ng hnh vi wolfeit.
triporate [15804] : ba l. Deleted: .
Ni v ht phn c ba l, phn b mt xch
o, l n cch l kia mt cung 120o.
trippkeite [15805] : tripkeit.
Khong vt mu lc lam: CuAs2O4, c ct Deleted: .
khai lng tr rt hon ton khin cho tinh th Deleted: c
thng b v thnh cc si mm mi.
tripuhyite [15806] : tripuhyit.
Khong vt mu vng pht lc n nu ti:
FeSb2O6.
n: flajolotite.
trisoctahedron [15807] : tm mt ba.
Hnh n tinh th ng hng gm 24 mt.
Mi mt l mt hnh tam gic cn. K hiu
l {hhk}. n: triakisoctahedron, trigonal
trisoctahedron.
tristanite [15808] : tristanit.
magma bo ha n di bo ha silic,
trung gian gia trachyandesit v trachyt vi ch
s phn d gia 65 v 75 v K2O: Na2O ln hn
1: 2. Thut ng mang tn o Tristan de Cunha.
650
 tristetrahedron [15809] : hnh bn mt ba.
Hnh n tinh th c 12 mt c th l tam
gic hoc hnh bn mt. K hiu l {hkk} vi
i xng l 43m hoc 23.
tristramite [15810] : tristramit.
Khong vt:
(Ca,U+4,Fe+3)(PO4,SO4,CO3).2H2O, l thnh
vin ca nhm rabdophan.
tritium [15811] : triti.
Mt ng v phng x ca H c 2 ntron v 1
proton trong ht nhn.
tritium dating [15812]: xc nh tui theo triti.
Tnh tui bng cch o nng ca H3
phng x (tritium) trong vt cht thng
l nc.
tritium unit [15813] : n v triti.
n v biu th nng ca triti (H3). Mt
n v triti ng vi nng 1 nguyn t triti
trong 1018nguyn t hydro. Cn vit tt l
(T.U).
tritomite [15814] : tritomit.
Khong vt mu nu ti:
(Ce, La, Y, Th, Zr)5 (Si, B)3(O, OH, F)13 (?).
tritomite (Y) [15815] : tritomit-(Y).
Khong vt:
(Y, Ca, La, Fe) (Si, B, Al) (O, OH, F) (?).
trochiform [15816] : hnh chp.
C hnh dng mt ci chp, v d ni v v
mt Chn bng (nh Trochus) c y phng,
cc cnh bn hnh nn, nh nhn nhng
khng cao.
trochoid [15817] : dng chp, dng sng;
San h dng chp.
Ni v mt San h n th hnh chp c
hai cnh m rng u n t nh theo mt gc
khong 40 ; ni v mt v Trng l c cc
phng cun xon, mt u v cun lng, u
i din cun cht; Mt San h n th hay
mt v Trng l c dng chp.
trochoidal fault [15818] : Ni v mt San
h n th hnh chp c hai cnh m rng u
n t nh theo mt gc khong 40 ; ni v
mt v Trng l c cc phng cun xon, mt
u v cun lng, u i din cun cht;
Mt San h n th hay mt v Trng l c
dng chp.
Mt kiu ca t gy xoay, m im xoay
ca t gy cng chuyn ng hoc trt dc
theo b mt t gy (Nelson, 1967).
trocholophe [15819] : th lc vng.
Th lc Tay cun xp sp dng vng bao
quanh ming mang mt hng s l chi dng si
n (him khi c hng i hoc dy hng chn).
troctolite [15820] : troctolit.
Thuc nhm gabro gm ch yu plagioclas
calci (labradorit) v olivin vi t hoc khng c
pyroxen. Trong phn loi ca IUGS l mt loi
xm nhp c Pl/(Pl + Px + Ol) gia 10
v 90 v Px/(Pl + Px + Ol) nh hn 5.
troegerite [15821] : troegerit.
Khong vt mu vng chanh:
(UO2)3(AsO4)2.12H2O.
Cng vit l: trgerite.
Trger's classification [15822] : phn loi
Troger.
Phn loi magma theo thnh phn khong
vt nh lng. Formatted
trogtalite [15823] : trogtalit.
Khong vt ng hng: CoSe2, lng hnh
vi hastit.
troilite [15824] : troilit.
Khong vt h su phng, c hm lng
nh trong hu ht thin thch: FeS, l mt th Deleted: -
pyrotin hu nh khng cha st hai.
trolleite [15825] : troleit.
Khong vt: Al4(PO4)3(OH)3.
trona [15826] :.
Khong vt h n nghing mu trng hoc
trng vng: Na3(CO3)(HCO3). 2H2O., gp dng
si hoc lp dy trong cc trm tch mui. Trona
l ngun ch yu natri. Deleted: .
trondhjemite [15827] : trondiemit.
xm nhp su sng mu, thnh phn
chnh gm c plagioclas natri (c bit c
oligoclas), thch anh, him hn biotit v mt t
feldspar hoc khng c kim. Tn gi c xut
x t Trondhjem, Na Uy. Deleted: .
troostite [15828] : trustit.
Khong vt: (Zn, Mn)2SiO4, l wilemit mu
pht cha mangan, gp dng tinh th ln.
tropical desert [15829] : hoang mc nhit i.
Hoang mc nng, kh nm gia v 15o v
30o bc hoc nam xch o, ni c khi kh p
cao cn nhit i thng tr to iu kin ma rt
t, ma khng thng xuyn.
n: low-latitude desert; trade wind desert.
tropical lake [15830] : h nhit i.
H c nhit mt nc thng xuyn cao
hn 4oC.
trough [15831] : rnh, trng; a ho, t
st; lm.
1- Trng hp, di trn b mt Tri t nh
trng gia cc i, hoc trng khng c ca
thot cho h thng dng chy; c bit l thung Deleted: .
lng ch U ko di nh mng bng h (glacial
trough) hoc trench.
2- Rnh c dng chy.
3- Trng ko di trn y bin, rng hn v
651
nng hn so vi trench (vc) c cc sn dc
phn bc. Mng v vc l cc dng c s phn
bc, mt mng c th pht trin t mt vc bi
c lp y trm tch.
4- a ho, t st, di t st.
Mt t gy, thng l t gy thun m gii
hn mt a ho hoc st trng cu to khc.
5- im thp nht ca mt tng cho trong
mt ct ngang qua np un, nh np lm, im
un np lm.
6- Trng.
Trng hp dng tuyn c hnh thnh ngay
trn y bin hoc h v trn pha hng v t
lin ca g chn ven b. Ni chung n song
song vi ng b v thng chm di nc.
Trng c th c hnh thnh bi s hot ng
c bit ca sng v dng nc hot ng trong
i m sng ln v b lm sp . Hm st
tuyn tnh.
trough reef [15832] : yn nga lt ngc, cu
to yn nga o.
trough surface [15833] : b mt lin kt
cc ng trng su ca cc tng trong mt
np lm.
B mt kt ni cc im ng su a
tng ca np lm.
trough valley [15834]: thung lng dng ch U.
Thung lng st dng ho.
trough wall [15835] : vch st.
Tng ca trng st ng.
troughline [15836] : ng ni lin cc trng
su ca mt tng cho.
ng ng a tng.
trudellite [15837] : trudelit.
Hn hp ca chloraluminit v natroalunit.
true cleavage [15838] : th ch thc, th ch
thc th.
true crater [15839] : crater thc dng hnh
phu, hng ni la.
L mt dng h lm nguyn sinh c thnh
to do s va p hoc n tung trc bin i bi
s bin i bt thnh lnh hoc bi s lng ng
ca vt liu c tung ra; crater trc khi sp
tr li ca cc mnh vn.
true dip [15840] : gc cm thc.
n; dip; full dip.
true folding [15841] : un np thc.
Un np do nn p ngang, un np thc th.
true granite [15842] : granit hai mica.
Tn qu c do Rosenbusch t.
true thickness [15843] : chiu dy tht.
Chiu dy ca phn v a tng hoc mt th
a cht dng lp c o theo phng vung
gc vi mt lp.
trumpet valley [15844] : thung lng dng loa
kn (c vng bng h).
truncated [15845] : rt ngn li, ct ct dn.
V a hnh (nh mi nh, ni) hoc cu trc
a cht b rt ngn li bi s ph hy, c bit
nhng ch nh cao dng nn (nh ni la) c
phn nh b thay th bng mt on mt phng
song song vi mt t hoc mt i dng. V
trc din t, cc tng nm trn b mt i.
truncation [15846] : xn ct.
S ct hoc v ra dn ca nh hoc y cu
trc a cht hoc a hnh nh do xi mn.
truscottite [15847] : truscotit.
Khong vt: (Ca,Mn)2Si4O9(OH)2.
C l l reyerit.
trstedtite [15848] : trustedtit.
Khong vt: Ni3Se4.
Tschermak molecule [15849] : phn t
Tschermak.
n: Ca-Tschermak molecule.
tschermakite [15850] : tschermakit.
1- Khong vt nhm amphibol:
Ca2Mg3(Al,Fe+3)2(Al2Si6)O22(OH,F)2. ng
nhm vi phn t Ca-Tschermak.
2- Feldspar (albit ?) mu trng xm cha mt
t magnesi nhng khng cha calci ca vng
Bamble, Nauy.
3- Feldspar plagioclas (oligoclas hoc albit)
c thnh phn thay i t Ab95An5 ti Ab80An20.
tschermigite [15851] : tshermigit.
Khong vt nhm phn:
(NH4)Al(SO4)2.12H2O. Deleted: .
n: ammonia alum, ammonium alum.
tsilaisite [15852] : tsilaisit.
Tourmalin giu mangan.
tsumcorite [15853] : tsumcorit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
PbZnFe+2 (AsO4)2.H2O.
tsumebite [15854] : tsumebit.
Khong vt mu lc emerald:
Pb2Cu(PO4) (SO4)(OH).
tsunami [15855] : sng thn.
Sng bin khng l hnh thnh do ng t
hay phun tro ni la di y bin, gy thit
hi ln chng nhng cho tu thuyn v nhng
cng trnh ngoi khi m khi p vo b, n cn
c sc ph hoi khng khip i vi nhng khu
dn c, c s kinh t di ven bin, c khi lan
su vo t lin.
TU [15856] : n v triti.
n: triti unit.
tube [15857] : ng.
Ngch bn ca hang phng, nhn; c mt ct
ngang hnh elip ti hnh trn.
652
 tuberose [15858] : c khong.
Ch khong vt c hnh khng u n ging
c cy, cnh cy.
tubular spring [15859] : mch nc hnh ng.
Mch nc trng lc hoc artezi thot ra t
nhng l trn ging nh ng dung nham (ng
lava).
tubular stalactite [15860] : v hnh ng.
V rng, mnh duy tr ng knh ca
git nc. n: straw stalactite; soda straw.
tucanite [15861] : tucanit.
n: scarbroite.
tucekite [15862] : tucekit.
Khong vt: Ni9Sb2S8, cha Sb tng t
hauchercornit.
tufa [15863] : tufa.
trm tch ha hc c thnh phn carbonat
Ca thnh to do bc hi to nn cc lp mng
xp, mn, quanh ming ngun l nc nng
hoc lnh giu Ca hoc dc theo dng chy cha
carbonat Ca, c khi to thnh cc lp trm tch
c st hoc kt hch trong h v dc theo
ng b. Chng c th b kt ta do hot ng
ca To, vi khun. Loi cng c qunh l
travertin. Thut ng c khi c dng ch
loi trm tch tng t ca SiO2. ng ln ln
vi thut ng tuff. Nguyn gc ting Italia l
"tufo". n: calcareous tufa; calc-tufa; tuft
petrified moss; tophus.
tufaceous [15864] : tufa.
Thuc tufa, ging tufa. ng nhm ln vi
thut ng tuffaceous.
tuff [15865] : tuf.
Thut ng chung ch tt c cc vn ni
la gn kt. ng ln ln vi thut ng tufa.
Tt: tuffaceous.
tuffaceous [15866] : ngun tuf (thuc v tuf).
Ni v trm tch cha trn 50% vt
liu tuf.
tuff ball [15867] : cu tuf (kt hch tuf).
Mt khi ring bit trong khi lapili tng
trng. Tn ch mt n v khi lng ca khi
tuf bi p (accretionary lipili).
tuff breccia [15868] : dm kt tuf.
vn ni la gm nhng lng bng nhau
ca tro, thy tinh v nhng mnh vn kch thc
c dm. mnh vn ni la c s lng tro,
lapili v cc mnh ln gn bng nhau.
tuffite [15869] : tufit.
Loi tuf cha vn ni la v cc mnh vn
khc nhng ch yu l vn ni la.
tufflava [15870] : tuflava.
Mt loi ni la va c tnh cht mnh
vn va c tnh cht dng dung nham. N c
xem nh l dng trung gian gia dng dung Deleted: )
nham v kiu tuf c kt nh ignimbrit.
tuffolava [15871] : tufolava.
n: tuflava.
tuff ring [15872] : vng tuf.
S tch t cc vt liu vn ni la phn ra
thp, phn tng r nm m quanh cc hng ni
la, nh l h ao, i duyn hi, min nhiu
nc ngm. n: maar.
tuffstone [15873] : ct kt tuf.
Ct kt cha cc mnh vn ni la c ht ct.
tuft [15874] : tuft.
Thut ng c s dng Anh ch loi
mm, nhiu l rng nh ct kt vng Alston
(Cumberland), v ngy nay gi l tufa. n: tufa.
tugarinovite [15875] : tugarinovit.
Khong vt tng t nh MoO2 nhn to.
tugtupite [15876] : tugtupit.
Khong vt: Na4BeAlSi4O12Cl.
n: beryllosodalite.
tuhualite [15877] : tuhualit.
Khong vt:
(Na, K)2(Fe+2, Fe+3, Al) Si7O18(OH)2.
tulameenite [15878] : tulaminit.
Khong vt h bn phng: Pt2FeCu.
tule [15879] :.
n: tule land.
tule land [15880] : di t trng nc chy
trn.
tundrite [15881] : tundrit.
Khong vt : Na3(Ce,La)4 (Ti,Nb)2 (SiO4)2
(CO3)3O4(OH).2H2O. n: titanorhabdophane.
tundrite-(Nd) [15882] : tundrit-(Nd).
Khong vt h ba nghing: Na3 (Nd, La)4
(Ti, Nb)2(SiO4)2(CO3)3O4(OH).2H2O.
tunellite [15883] : tunelit.
Khong vt h n nghing khng mu:
SrB6O10. 4H2O.
tungomelane [15884] : tungomelan.
Psilomelan cha tungsten.
tungstate [15885] : tungstat.
Khong vt c thnh phn c trng bi gc
WO4, trong ion W c ho tr 6 kt hp vi 4
O to hnh vung gn nh phng ch khng
ging hnh bn mt. Mt v d ca tungstat l
wolframit: (Fe, Mn)WO4. Tungstat v molybden
c th thay th nhau. n: molybdate.
tungsten [15886] : tungsten, wolfram (W).
1- Tn Latinh l wolframium. Nguyn t ha
hc s 74, nguyn t lng 183,841; t trng
19,3 g/cm3, thuc nhm khng kim loi nng,
lithophil, siderophil, c 5 ng v bn v 32
khng bn. Hm lng W trong cc (ppm):
v lc a trn l 1,4; siu mafic 0,3; gabro-
653
basalt 0,6; phin 1,8; trong t 1,5; trong
nc i dng 0,0001 mg/l. Cc khong vt
tiu biu l sheelit CaWO4, vonframit
(Fe,Mn)WO4. Phng php phn tch: ICP-MS,
INAA. Dng W trong cc lnh vc luyn thp,
dng c mi, ct, khoan, in cc, xc tc, bng
n trn, ng tia X.
2- Thut ng khng chnh xc, trc y
c dng ch nhng khong vt ca
tungsten nh sheelit hoc wolframit.
n: wolfram.
tungsten bit [15887] : mi khoan vi thp
cng (cha W).
tungstenite [15888] : tungstenit.
Khong vt: WS2. Gp dng tm nh hoc
l mu xm ch, i khi do nhm ln khi phin
m ting c hoc ting Nga ch wolframit.
tungstenite 3R [15889] : tungstenit-3R.
Khong vt h tam phng WS2.
tungstic ocher [15890] : qung volfram.
n: tungstite; ferritungstite; wolfram ocher. .
tungstite [15891] : tungstit.
Khong vt dng t: WO3. H2O, dng khi
bt mu vng n lc pht vng.
n: tungstic ocher; wolframine.
tungusite [15892] : tungusit.
Khong vt: Ca4Fe2Si6O15(OH)6.
tunisite [15893] : tunisit.
Khong vt h bn phng:
NaHCa2Al4 (CO3)4(OH)10. n: slavyanskite.
tunnel [15894] : ng hm.
n: natural tunnel.
tunnel alignment [15895] : hng hm, l.
tunnel cave [15896] :
n: natural tunnel.
tunnel cross section [15897]:tit din hm, l.
tunnel crown [15898] : vm, trn hm.
tunnel face [15899] : gng l, hm.
tunnel face dependent [15900] : ph thuc
gng l, hm.
tunneling [15901] : ngnh cng trnh ngm,
vic khai o ngm.
tunneling quality index (Q) [15902] : ch s
cht lng khi (Q).
Ch s nh gi cht lng khi . H Q
lc u hon ton da trn c s thc t khai
o v tr lc cng nh cc c im a cht-
a k thut ca t mt s cng trnh
ngm. Do vy, nhiu khi ch s cht lng khi
, Q, cn c gi nh vy.
n: Q-system of rock mass classification.
tunnel lake [15903] : h bng h chim ch
ca tunnel valley.
tunnel lining [15904] : v, o hm (bng thp
hoc b tng ct thp v.v.).
tunnel sidewall [15905] : thnh, vch hm.
Phn thnh hm thng ng, vung gc vi
sn hm. Tip ln trn l trn, vm hm vi
thnh hm khng cn thng ng, vung gc
vi sn hm na. Ngn cch vi trn, vm hm
bi mt ng chy dc thnh hm gi l tunnel
springlines (ng cung).
tunnel springlines [15906] : ng cung,
ng chia thnh, vch hm.
ng phn chia thnh vch hm vi vm,
trn hm. n: tunnel sidewalls.
tunnel valley [15907] : thung lng dng ng.
Thung lng nng ct vo bng tch hoc vt
liu ri rc khc, hoc vo gc do dng chy Deleted: ,
di bng h khng mang trm tch th. Formatted
n: tunneldal; rinnental.
Deleted: gp
tunnerite [15908] : tunerit.
Khong vt wudrufit. Deleted: ba
Tuorian [15909] : Tuori.
Bc chu u, Cambri thng (nm trn Deleted: ng ngha: wonfram ocher
Mayan, nm di Shidertin). tungstite, ferritungstite.
tuperssuatsiaite [15910] : tupersuatsiait.
Khong vt nhm palygorskit:
NaFe3Si8O20(OH)2(OH)24.H2O.
turanite [15911] : turanit.
Khong vt mu lc oliu: Cu5(VO4)2(OH)4.
turbidite [15912] : turbidit.
L trm tch lng ng t vt cht xo ng,
c tnh phn lp, chn lc va phi v cu
to ban u th hin r tng lot trong chu k
Bouma. Turbidit c lin quan vi tempestit v
inundit (hai loi trm tch do lt bo).
turbidity [15913] : c.
Tnh cht vt l ca nc ngn cn nh sng
xuyn qua do cha nhiu cht l lng.
turbidity fan [15914] : qut c.
Phm vi nc c dng qut a phng
ca dng chy, chy vo h hoc k lin vi b
xi mn ca h.
turbulent [15915] : khng c quy lut, dng
chy ri.
turbulent flow [15916] : dng chy ri.
Dng nc m cc ng dng chy ca n
hn lon v khng ng nht.
turf banked terrace [15917] : thm c cc
bc bng t mn.
turgite [15918] : turgit.
Khong vt dng si mu : Fe2O3.nH2O,
tng ng vi hematit nhng hp ph nc
hoc l qung st c thnh phn gia hematit v
gotit nhng hematit tri hn, l xi mng mu
g st ca ct kt. n: hydrohematite.
turjaite [15919] : tujait.
654
 xm nhp mu sm cn c tn meliliolit,
cha nephelin v 60-90% khong vt mu. S c
mt ca khong vt melilit lm cho khc bit
vi melteigit. Tn gi xut x t Turja trn
bn o Kola, Nga. Tn qu c.
turjite [15920] : turgit.
Tn gi khc ca alnoit, cha calcit, melanit
v analcim. Tn gi xut x t vng Turij Mis,
bn o Kola, Nga (c qu, khng nn dng).
turkey fat ore [15921] : qung turkey bo.
Thut ng do dn Arkanasas v Missouri
ch smitsonit mu vng. Mu vng do greenkit
to nn. n: turkey ore.
Turkey stone [15922] : Th Nh K
( Turkey).
1- cha silic ht rt nh v c 25% calcit,
khai thc Th Nh K v c dng lm
mi cn c tn novaculit.
2- Cn c tn Turquoise: trang sc.
turmaline [15923] : turmalin.
n: tourmaline. Tn khong vt c vit
u tin l turmalin.
Turonian [15924] : Turoni.
Bc do d'Orbigni xc lp nm 1842, theo tn
thnh ph Tours ca Php thi by gi, l bc
ca thi a tng quc t, Creta thng, nm
trn Senoman v nm di Coniac. Theo khi
nim ban u, Turon bao gm c Senoman, phn
thp ca Creta thng.
turquoise [15925] : turquois.
Khong vt h ba nghing:
CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8.5H2O, ng hnh vi
chalcosiderite. Turqua c mu lam, lc lam hoc
lc pht vng, loi mu xanh da tri rt c gi
tr, l loi ngc khng thu quang quan
trng. N thng c dng khi thn vi b mt
dng chm nho, gp trong cc i bin i ca
xm nhp giu nhm (nh trachyt).
n: turquois; Turkey stone, calaite.
turriculate [15926] : c thp, hnh thp.
C thp hoc c hnh thp, nht l ni v v
mt Chn bng (v d Turritella) cun xon
hnh nn cao v nhn gm nhiu vng cun c
mt bn dp.
tusionite [15927] : tusionit.
Khong vt gp dng mc xen, dng tm
vi tetrawickmanit: MnSn(BO3)2.
tuttle lamellae [15928] : tm tuttle.
Bao th hnh tm trong thch anh, nh
hng ln xn, c xu hng tp trung ra
tinh th.
tuxtlite [15929] : tuxtlit.
Pyroxen h n nghing c thnh phn trung
gian gia jadeit v diopsid: NaCaMgAlSi4O12. l
th jadeit mu xanh lc cha magne v calci,
tm thy Tuxla, ng Nam Mexico. N c th
l omphacit. n: diopside-jadeite.
tvalchrelidzeite [15930] : tvalchrelidzeit.
Khong vt: Hg12(Sb, As)8S15.
tveitite [15931] : tveitit.
Khong vt: Ca(YRE)F2 + x, x 0,3.
twin [15932] : song tinh.
S mc xen ca hai hoc nhiu hn cc n
tinh th ca mt khong vt theo quy lut ton
hc sao cho mt s tm th song song cn mt
s khc li o ngc. i xng ca hai phn c
th phn nh qua tm, trc, mt i xng thng
thng. n: twin crystal; twinned crystal.
twin axis [15933] : trc song tinh.
n: axial twin; twinning axis. Deleted: a.
twin center [15934] : tm song tinh.
Mt im trong tinh th m cc c th ca
song tinh c th trng vi nhau khi chiu Deleted: b.
qua n.
twin crystal [15935] : song tinh.
n: twin.
twin gliding [15936] : trt song tinh.
S trt tinh th dn n thnh to song tinh. Deleted: thnh
twin law [15937] : lut song tinh.
Xc lp mi quan h song tinh trong mt
khong vt hoc mt nhm khong vt nht
nh, c trng bi trc, tm, mt song tinh.
twinned crystal [15938] : song tinh.
n: twin.
twinning [15939] : ghp song tinh.
S pht trin song tinh trong qu trnh trng
thnh, trt, bin dng.
twinning axis [15940] : trc song tinh.
n: twin axis.
twinning displacement [15941] : thay th
song tinh.
S thay th trong tinh th do trt song tinh.
twinning plane [15942] : mt song tinh.
Deleted: .
n: twin plane.
twinnite [15943] : twinit.
Khong vt: Pb(Sb,As)S.
twin plane [15944] : mt song tinh.
Mt tit din thng thng m cc c th ca
song tinh phn b i xng qua n. N song
song vi mt mt c th ca tinh th nhng
khng phi l mt i xng ca tinh th. N
thng l b mt hp thnh ca song tinh.
Ss: twin axis, twin center. n:twinning plane.
two circle goniometer [15945] : gic k
hai vng.
Gic k o gc phng v vi gc cc cho
cc ca tng mt tinh th nh s phn x ca
chm nh sng song song i qua mt khe nh.
655
Gc ca hai vng c biu din trn mt hnh
chiu cc x xc nh k hiu cho bt c tinh
h no.
two cycle valley [15946] : thung lng hai
chu trnh.
Thung lng c thnh to bi s tr ha nh
xi mn v thng ngun, hoc bi cc chuyn
ng phn d ca Tri t v c c trng bi
lt ct ngang c dng thung lng trong thung
lng (valley in valley). n: two story valley.
two dimensional stress [15947] : ng sut
hai chiu.
S gin lc trng thi ng sut ba chiu thc
t tn ti trong t gii cc bi ton hai
chiu (v d v ng sut, chuyn v, v.v.).
two layer structure [15948] : cu to hai
tng, cu trc hai lp.
Cu to lng tng, cu to tng kp, cu to
kp chp.
twoling [15949] : song tinh i.
Song tinh gm hai c th.
two phase inclusion [15950] : bao th hai pha.
Nhng l trng cha cht lng v kh nm
bn trong khong vt. L trng ny c th trng
hoc khng trng vi hnh n tinh th ca
khong vt ch. V d: bao th trong corindon.
two story cliff [15951] : vch ng hai
chu trnh.
Vch ng bin cha mt vch c c
nng cao ca mt chu trnh ng b c hn,
tch khi mt vch nm thp hn ca mt chu
trnh tr hn bng mt bc bng do sng mi
mn hp. n: two storied cliff.
tychite [15952] : tychit.
Khong vt ng hng mu trng:
Na6Mg2(CO3)4(SO4), cha Fe+2 tng t
ferotychite.
tying bar [15953] : tombolo.
n: tombolo.
tympanoid [15954] : dng trng.
Ni v mt San h su tia n th hnh Deleted: s
trng mp.
type [15955] : kiu .
type fossil [15956] : ha thch nh tng. Deleted: .
n: index fossil.
type section [15957] : mt ct chun; chun
a tng.
n: stratotype.
typomorphic mineral [15958] : khong vt
tiu hnh.
Khong vt pht trin c trng cho mt gii
hn hp nhit v p sut. Thut ng c
Becke s dng u tin. Ss: critical mineral,
index mineral.
tyretskite [15959] : tretskit.
Khong vt: Ca3B8O15(OH)4 (?).
tyrolite [15960] : trolit.
Khong vt:
Cu5Ca(AsO4)2(CO3)(OH)4.6H2O.
n: trichalcite.
tyrrellite [15961] : tyrelit.
Khong vt (Cu, Co, Ni)3Se4.
Tyrrhenian [15962] : Tyrrheni.
Bc chu u. Bc cao nht ca Pleistocen
(nm trn Melazi, nm di Versil).
tysonite [15963] : tysonit.
n: fluocerite.
tyuyamunite [15964] : tyuyamunit.
Khong vt h trc thoi:
Ca(UO2)2(VO4)2.5-8H2O. l qung ca uran, l
khong vt th sinh gp trong cc lp v mu
vng. n: calciocarnothtite.
656
 Khong vt thuc dy andorit:
AgMnPb3Sb5S12.
U
uchucchacuaite [15965] : uchuchacuait.
ufertite [15966] : ufertit.
n: davidite.
ugandite [15967] : ugandit.
phun tro cha leucit, clinopyroxen, u
th olivin, nm trong nn thy tinh giu Na; c
th gi l leucitit olivin. Thut ng mang tn
Uganda. Khng nn dng na.
ugrandite [15968] : ugrandit.
Tn nhm khong vt garnet calci nh
uvarovit, grosular, goldmanit v andradit.
uhligite [15969] : uligit.
1- Khong vt ng hng mu en gm
titanat v zirconat ca calci v nhm.
2- Varisit hoc fisherit v nh hnh.
uintahite [15970] : uintahit.
Asphaltit en bng, vt vch mu nu, vt v
v s. Cn vit l uintaite. n: gilsonite.
Uintan [15971] : Uinti.
Bc Bc M. Eocen thng (nm trn
Bridgeri, nm di Duchesnei).
uklonskovite [15972] : ukonskovit.
Khong vt: NaMg(SO4)(OH).2H2O.
Ulatisian [15973] : Ulatisi.
Bc Bc M. Eocen trung (nm trn Penut,
nm di Narizi).
ulexite [15974] : ulexit.
Khong vt h ba nghing mu trng:
NaCaB5O9.8H2O, to khi dng thn trn
trnh bao gm cc tinh th hnh kim nh b v
thng gp cng borac trong cc lp v mui
ca ng mui thuc cc vng kh cn.
ullmannite [15975] : ulmanit.
Khong vt mu xm thp n en: NiSbS,
thng cha mt t arsen.
n: nickel-antimony glance.
ulmain [15976] : ulmain.
L mt loi euvitrain (vitrain khng c kin
trc) gm nhng tp hp ca ulmin nhng
khng phi kt ta t dung dch.
ulmic acid [15977] : acid ulmic.
n: ulmin.
ulmification [15978] : qu trnh thnh to
than bn.
X: ulmin.
ulmin [15979] : ulmin.
Vt liu thc vt b thoi ha c mt trong
than, th d nh vt cht keo v nh hnh mu
nu n en khng ha tan trong dung dch
kim. N c mt phong ph trong than bn
(peat) v lignit (than nu, than non) v to thnh Deleted: (a)
vitrinit. n: ulmic acid; humin; carbohumin;
humogelite; fundamental jelly; jelly; ge'lose; Deleted: (b)
fundamental substance; vegetable jelly.
ulminite [15980] : ulminit.
1- Hp phn hu c ca than nu thuc nhm
huminit bao gm nhng tm t bo thc vt keo
ha (ICCP, 1971).
2- Loi euvitrinit c trng ca ulmain cha
vt liu thc vt b keo ha nhng khng
kt ta..
ulrichite [15981] : ulrichit.
1- n: uraninite. c bit l: UO2 nguyn
thy khng b oxy ho.
2- su va, mu ti c ban tinh ln
nephelin, feldspar kim, pyroxen Na, amphibol
v mt t ban tinh olivin trn nn feldspar,
anacim, pyroxen, amphibol v phonolit cha
olivin. Thut ng c Marshall dng 1906 theo
tn ca G.H.F. Ulrich, ngi pht hin kim
Dunedin, New Zealand.
Ulsterian [15982] : Ulsteri.
Thng Bc M. Devon h (nm trn
Cayugen, nm di Eri).
657
 ultimate (at failure) [15983] : ti hn,
gii hn.
t nn trng thi gii hn b ph hy.
ultimate base level [15984] : mc c s
cui cng.
Mc c s thp nht c th, i vi sng
l mc bin, nh l mt tng ng bn di
sng khi chiu vo t lin.
n: general base level.
ultimate landform [15985]: a hnh tn cng.
Theo l thuyt a hnh c thnh to giai
on gn cui ca qu trnh xi mn.
n: ultimate form.
ultimate oxygen demand (UOD) [15986] :
nhu cu oxy ton phn.
Lng oxy theo tnh ton cn cho s khong
ha hon ton cc cht hu c v oxy ha
amoniac v cc hp cht nit trong nc.
ultimate strain [15987] : bin dng ti hn.
Bin dng m ti gi tr vt liu b
ph hoi.
ultimate strength [15988] : cng ti hn.
Ti trng ln nht m mu th chu c
trc khi b ph hoi.
ultrabasic [15989] : siu bas.
Thuc loi magma c hm lng silica
(SiO2) thp hn bas. Gii hn t l phn trm
cn ph thuc cc nh thch hc, mc d ban
u c chp nhn l 44% SiO2. Thut ng
thng c s dng nh siu mafic
(ultramafic). a s siu bas l siu mafic,
nhng cng c mt s ngoi l, th d cc
n khong pyroxen l siu mafic nhng
khng phi l siu bas bi v c hm lng
SiO2 cao. n khong anorthit c xem l
siu bas (SiO2 = 43,2%), nhng khng phi l
siu mafic. Siu bas l mt nhm trong h
thng phn loi magma trn c s hm lng
SiO2. Cc nhm khc l: acid, bas v
trung tnh.
ultrabasite [15990] : ultrabasit.
n: diaphorite.
ultramafic [15991] : siu mafic, siu
basic (tt).
Thuc xm nhp cha ch yu cc khong
vt mafic, th d cc n khong hypersthen,
augit hoc olivin.
ultramafic rock [15992] : siu mafic.
Theo phn loi ca IUGS, tn gi chung ca
nhm xm nhp su c ch s mu M 90,
bao gm cc dunit, peridotit v pyroxenit.
ultrametamorphism [15993] : siu bin cht.
Qu trnh bin cht xy ra trong iu kin p
sut v nhit cc cao gy nn s nng chy
tng phn n ton b cc c v magma
c thnh to.
ultramicroearthquake [15994] : ng t
siu nh.
ng t c cng sng n hi gn bng
khng Richter.
ultramylonite [15995] : nt nh, siu
mylonit.
Mt dng mylonit b p nh, kin trc
nguyn thy v cc ban bin tinh b p nt v
tr thnh ng nht, nn cht, vi cu to song
song. Ss: protomylonite; pseudotachylyte. Formatted
n: flinty crush rock. Formatted
ultrasima [15996] : siu sima, ultrasima. Formatted
Lp siu bas gi nh (cha chc chn) ca
Formatted
Tri t nm di sima, ngay di mt
Formatted
Mohorovic.
ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy [15997]:
ph hp ph cc tm.
Quan st ph hp ph trong min sng cc
tm v mi qu trnh ghi o ph .
ultravulcanian eruption [15998] : phun tro
cung n.
Mt kiu ni la c trng bi s phun cc
mnh, gy n thot kh, tung cao cc khi
ln. Thng gp khi cc hng ni la bt u
m v m li-gi l kiu phun Krakatoa
nm 1883.
ulvite [15999] : ulvit.
n: ulvspinel.
ulvspinel [16000] : ulvospinel.
Khong vt nhm spinel: Fe2TiO4, thng
gp dng tm mc xen rt mnh vi magnetit.
n: ulvite.
umangite [16001] : umangit.
Khong vt mu ti: Cu3Se2.
umbelliferous [16002] : dng , sinh tn. Deleted: .
Ni v mt San h vch y qun th c
cc n th xp sp kiu cc gng ; sn sinh
cc tn.
umbilical area [16003] : vnh rn. Deleted: .
Phn bn trong hay mt trong ca mt vng
cun v Chn u nm gia vai rn v ng
khu rn. N c gi l thnh rn (umbilical
wall) nu vnh ny rt dc, v l sn rn
(umbilical slope) nu vnh ny thoi.
umbilical lobe [16004] : thy rn. Deleted: .
Thy ln u tin trong ng vch ca mt
Chn u dng Cc nm gn ng khu rn Deleted: d
v to nn mt phn ca c hai ng khu
658
trong v ngoi.
umbilical perforation [16005] : l rn,
ming rn.
Khong khng gian hay ming nm quanh
trc cun ca v Chn u ni cc mp rn
cc bn i din.
umbilical seam [16006] : ng khu rn.
ng ghp ni hnh xon gia cc vng
cun nm gip k ca mt v cun ca
Chn u.
umbilical shoulder [16007] : vai rn.
Phn ca v Chn u vin quanh rn lm
thnh ra ngoi ca n; ch gy gp ca cc
vng cun ra v trong rn ca v Chn bng;
phn ca v Trng l vin quanh rn.
umbilical suture [16008] : ng vch rn.
Mt ng lin tc phn cch cc vng k
lin nh nhn thy rn ca cc Chn bng c
rn h.
umbilicus [16009] : rn.
Mt khoang hay ch lm trung tm ca nn
mt v cun Thn mm mt mnh, v d mt
khoang hnh nn quanh trc gia ca mt v
Chn bng cun xon, hay mt ch lm bn
ngoi quanh trc cun ca v Chn u, to
thnh bi s gim b rng ca cc vng cun v
pha trc.
umbite [16010] : umbit.
Khong vt: K2(Zr,Ti)Si3O9, l silicat mch
ging wolastonit.
umbo [16011] : nh.
Phn ni cao v tng i phng ca mt
mnh v quanh im cong ti a mt ct dc
qua lng v ko di ti m khi khng trng vi
n; phn nh tng i phng c hai mnh v
Tay cun ngay trc m hoc l cha m;
phn nh ca mi mnh mai hai mnh ca lp
V gip; ch nh cao trn khin trc mt s
Ru ng vt Cheilostomata gn l hay trn
ti trng; mt trung tm trn phin vch ca
Cu gai trnh by mt phn t im ca n.
umbonal angle [16012] : gc nh.
Gc to nn bi hai ng tip tuyn i qua
cc mp lng/trc v lng/sau ca mt ct dc
v Thn mm hai mnh; gc i din vi nh
Tay cun ti vng v gip k nh.
umbonal chamber [16013] : phng nh.
Khoang pha sau v pha bn ca mi mnh
v Tay cun, gii hn mnh bng bi cc
phin rng v thnh v v mnh lng gii hn
v pha gia bi cc phin mc tay v thnh v.
umbonal fold [16014] : np nh.
Np pht sinh t nh ca mt v ip i
xung khp thn v.
umbonal muscle [16015] : c nh. Deleted: .
C n thy mt s Tay cun h
Lingulidae c cho l tng ng vi c khp
sau, v bao gm hai b si nm v pha sau v
hi khng i xng. Deleted: .
umbone [16016] : nh.
n: umbo. Formatted
umbozerite [16017] : umbozerit.
Khong vt khng kt tinh: Deleted: .
Na3Sr4ThSi8(O,OH)24.
umbrafon dune [16018] : n khut gi.
n pht trin pha khut gi ca phm vi
c ct ri, ni ct cung cp c thay i u
n( v d n trn sn khut gi ca bi bi Deleted: .
hoc pha t lin t bi bin ct). n: lee
source dune; source-bordering lee dune.
umohoite [16019] : umohoit.
Khong vt mu en n en pht lam: Deleted: .
(UO2)MoO4.4H2O.
unaka [16020] : khi st rng trn bn
bnh nguyn.
Khi ny t tin trin hn so vi monadnock,
i khi th hin trn b mt ca khi cc tn d
ca mt bn bnh nguyn c khi ny nh ln.
Tn d xi mn c quy m ln hn v cao hn
so vi monadnock (i st). Nhm cc i st
thng th hin gn thng ngun sng ni
xi mn vn cha lm cho khu vc h thp ti
c mc bn bnh nguyn. Deleted: .
unakite [16021] : unakit.
granit giu epidot, ngoi epidot ra cn c
orthoclas mu hng, thch anh, t khong vt
qung, apatit v zircon. Xut x t dy ni
Unaka, thuc dy Great Smoky, ng
Tennessee.
unary system [16022] : h n cu t.
H ha hc ch c c mt cu t.
n: unicomponent system.
unavailable moisture [16023]: m v hiu.
n: unavailable water. Deleted: .
unavailable soil moisture [16024] : m v
hiu ca t.
m b gi li trong t bi lc hp ph Deleted: t
khin cho b r ca thc vt khng th ht c.
unavailable water [16025] : nc v hiu. Deleted: .
Nc b gi li trong t bi lc hp ph hay
cc lc khc khin thc vt khng s dng c.
n: unavailable soil moisture.
unbalanced force [16026]:lc khng cn bng.
L mt lc khng b i khng bi lc khc
659
tc dng dc theo cng mt ng theo hng
ngc li. Lc khng cn bng gy ra s di
chuyn ca vt th.
unbiassed error [16027] : sai s ngu nhin
(khng h thng).
uncharged [16028] : cha np (c quy).
unconcentrated flow [16029] : dng chy
trn mt.
n: overland flow.
unconcentrated wash [16030] : xi mn u
b mt.
n: sheet erosion.
unconfined aquifer [16031] : tng cha nc
khng p.
Tng cha nc khng b gii hn mi bi
lp cch nc. Nc c mt thong t do (khng
p), mc nc trong cc ging khoan (ging
o) lun nm cng cao vi mt thong
t do.
unconfined compression [16032] : nn khng
n hng, nn mt trc, nn n gin.
unconfined compression test [16033] : th
nghim nn khng n hng.
Th nghim nn mt mu vt liu (t, , b
tng, v.v.) khng c s cn tr t cc pha xung
quanh mu.
unconfined compressive strength [16034] :
cng nn khng n hng, sc bn nn
n trc.
n: uniaxial compressive strength.
unconfined ground water [16035] : nc
khng p, nc ngm.
Nc tn ti trong tng cha nc khng p,
c mt thong t do. n: unconfined water.
unconfined water [16036] : nc khng p,
nc ngm.
n: unconfined ground water.
unconformability [16037] : khng chnh hp;
bt chnh hp.
n: unconformity.
unconformable [16038] : c dng khng
chnh hp; c dng bt chnh hp.
unconformity [16039] : khng chnh hp, bt
chnh hp.
1- S gin on hoc thiu vng trong tin
trnh a cht, mt phn v a tng b mt phn
v khc khng phi l phn v k tip trong trnh
t a cht ban u ph ln. S gin on
thng lin quan vi qu trnh nng ln,
bo mn.
2- S lin quan v cu trc tip xc ca cc
lp , trm tch tr khng nht thit nm khng
khp v ng phng hoc hng dc vi trm
tch c hn nm di.
n: unconformability; transgression.
3- Da trn b mt ca khng chnh hp, cc Deleted: c
kiu khng chnh hp chung nht c tha
nhn Hoa K l: khng chnh hp
(nonconformity), khng chnh hp gc (angular
unconformity), gi chnh hp (disconformity),
chnh hp (paraconformity). Anh, c tnh
quan trng ca khng chnh hp c tha nhn
l khng chnh hp gc cu trc hn l khong
trng v thi gian v cng khng tha nhn gi
chnh hp v chnh hp nh l mt khng
chnh hp.
unconformity trap [16040] : by khng
chnh hp.
Cc by du hoc kh t lin quan vi
khng chnh hp.
unconsolidated [16041] : khng c kt, cha
c kt.
unconsolidated undrained (UU) shear test
[16042] : th nghim ct nhanh.
Th nghim xc nh c trng chng ct ca
t. Ngay sau khi t gia ti thng ng ln mu
tc dng lc ct, lc ny cng tng rt nhanh.
Sau 1-2 pht l mu hon ton b ct. Nh vy
di nh hng p lc nn, c di nh hng
ca lc ct, nc u khng kp thot. Thng s
sc chng ct trong trng hp ny c k hiu
Phi(u), C(u).
unconsolidated undrained shear strength
[16043] : sc bn ct khng c kt-khng thot Deleted: -nc di t
nc, sc bn ct UU.
undaform [16044] : undaform. Deleted: dng a hnh di nc c
thnh to do xi mn v xy dng ca
Dng a hnh di nc c thnh to do sng trong thi k pht trin ca trc din
xi mn v tc dng ca sng trong thi k pht cn bng di nc
trin ca trc din cn bng di nc.
undercliff [16045] : underclif. Deleted: thm hoc vch ng ph dc
b c hnh thnh do vt liu ri xung
Thm hoc vch ng ph dc b c hnh t vch ng; phn thp ca vch pht
thnh do vt liu ri xung t vch ng; phn trin t trt
thp ca vch pht trin t trt.
underconsolidated [16046] : ang c kt.
undercooling [16047] : qu ng, qu lnh.
undercutting [16048] : s to hm ch.
S lm mt chn do cc yu t t nhin (hot Deleted: a
ng thy triu, sng, v.v.) hoc nhn sinh.
underfold [16049] : un np th sinh.
underground excavations [16050] : khai
o ngm.
underground mining [16051] : khai thc
hm l. Deleted: b
underground mining methods [16052] :
660
 phng php khai thc ngm.
underground water [16053] : nc di t.
n: ground water; subsurface water.
underlie [16054] : nm di; lt di; b y
xung di; c v tr thp hn.
Thut ng thng c dng cho cc thnh
to b cc trm tch hoc phun tro tr hn
ph ln trn.
undermine [16055]:khai thc m, o hm l.
underpinning [16056] : cu cha nn mng
cng trnh.
undersaturated [16057] : di bo ha.
1- Ni v loi magma cha cc khong
vt khng bo ha, v d feldspathoids v olivin
(hoc olivin v hypersten).
2- Ni v loi c cha chun
feldspathoids v olivin hoc olivin v hypersten
(C ngha khc: khng bo ha ti hng-
critically undersaturated,...).
underthrust [16058] : nghch chm.
ch trng hp khi cnh np lm c
xem nh cnh np li i t di ln.
underthrust fault [16059] : t gy
nghch chm.
Mt kiu ca t gy m trong khi
thp hn chuyn ng i xung di khi th
ng nm trn cao hn (tng t chc mng).
underwater excavation [16060] : o
di nc.
undisturbed [16061] : khng b xo trn, mu
t nguyn dng.
undulating fold [16062] : np un ph vi cc
im cao nht vng quanh.
Mt np un m cc lp b un cong thnh
cc nng tri v st lm xen k nhau.
UNEP [16063] : chng trnh mi trng Lin
hip quc.
n: United Nations Environment Programme.
uneven fracture [16064] : vt v khng
bng phng.
Mt kiu vt v khong vt trng th, khng
theo quy tc.
uneveness of discontinuities [16065] : li
lm ca b mt gin on.
unexplored area [16066] : vng cha thm
d, vng cha iu tra.
unfathomable [16067] : khng o c.
ungaite [16068] : ungait.
Dacit c cha oligoclas, xut x t o Unga,
Kamchatka, Wga. Tn c khng nn dng na.
ungemachite [16069] : ungemachit.
Khong vt h mt thoi, khng mu n pht
vng: Na8K3Fe(SO4)6(OH)2.10H2O.
uniaxial [16070] : mt trc.
Ch tinh th mt trc quang. V d tinh th
h bn phng hoc h su phng.
uniaxial compression tests [16071] : th
nghim nn n trc.
uniaxial compressive strength [16072] : sc
bn nn n trc.
n: uniaxial compressive strength test.
uniaxial compressive strength test (Uniaxial
compression test) [16073] : th nghim nn
n trc, nn khng n hng.
Th nghim nn n trc (ISRM, 1981) c Deleted: a.
tin hnh nh mt th nghim ch th hoc kt
hp vi cc th nghim nn ba trc khc xy
dng ng bao sc bn. Th nghim c tin Deleted: b.
hnh bng cch nn gia hai a ca thit b nn
mt mu t hnh tr thng ng vi hai u
c mi nhn song song vi nhau. a nn trn
c ni vi pt tng truyn ti v vi ngn gia
ti cng p k xc nh ti trng cc i, P.
Sc bn nn n trc ca mu c tnh bng
cch chia P cho tit din ngang ca mu, A. C
th cn phi hiu chnh kt qu do thay i tit
din mu nu gy v ch xy ra sau khi bin
dng t ti 2-3%. Th nghim nn n trc
c l l th nghim ph bin nht trn mu
xc nh sc bn nn n trc (h hng), cc
hng s modun n hi v h s Poisson ca vt
liu .
uniaxial tensile strength [16074] : sc bn
ko n trc.
n: tensile strength.
uniclinal shifting [16075] : chuyn dch
n nghing.
Chuyn dch chm ca cc np n nghing.
unicline [16076] : mt nghing, n nghing.
n: monocline.
unified classification system [16077] : h
phn loi t thng nht.
n: AASHTO classification system.
uniform development [16078] : pht trin
ng iu.
S hnh thnh mt cnh quan ni tc
nng cao ngang bng vi tc xi mn h
thp, c c trng bi a hnh khng thay i
v cc sn thng.
uniform field [16079] : trng ng nht.
uniformity coefficient [16080] : h s
ng nht.
c trng cho tnh ng nht v cp ht trm
tch. H s ny bng 1 nu cp ht ng u v
661
tng ln khi cp ht thay i (bng 30 i vi
ct a ngun gc).
uniformly graded [16081] : thnh phn ht
t khng ng u.
uniform magnetic field [16082] : trng t
ng nht.
unimodal sediment [16083] : trm tch
unimodal.
Loi trm tch m s phn b cp ht ca
chng khng c cc i th cp. V d: cui bi
bin hin i.
uniphase [16084] : mt pha.
uniplicate [16085] : n np.
Ni v dng un np xen k Tay cun vi
mnh bng c mt rnh gia v mt np
ng khp trc.
unit bar [16086] : ct khng b bin i.
ct hoc cui khng b bin i trong
dng bn (dng tch ra ri li hp li vi dng
chnh pha h lu).
unit cell [16087] : c s.
Khi bnh hnh c th tch nh nht bn
trong mng tinh th tun hon ba chiu, cha
ton b nhm phn t hoc nguyn t to nn
thnh phn ca mng. Cu trc tinh th c th
m t nh s chng xp v tn ca cc c s
theo ba hng khng song song.
n: primitive unit cell.
unit cost of reserves prospecting [16088] :
chi ph thm d cho mt n v tr lng
khong sn, gi thnh thm d mt n v tr
lng.
Tng cc khon chi ph tm kim v thm d
tnh cho mt n v tr lng nguyn liu
khong c gia tng.
United Nation Conference on Environment
and Development [16089] : Hi ngh Lin
hip quc v mi trng v pht trin.
Hi ngh ln nht v mi trng do LHQ t
chc ti Rio de Zaneiro (Brazil) t ngy 3 n
14/6/1992 (cn gi l Hi ngh thng nh v
Tri t-The Earth Summit) vi s tham d ca
i din 178 quc gia v 645 t chc phi chnh
ph, trong c 117 nguyn th quc gia v th
tng, nhm tng kt thc hin nhng tha
thun ti Hi ngh th gii v mi trng
Stockholm nm 1972 v xem xt nhng vn
nghim trng ang e da mi trng sng ca
loi ngi trn hnh tinh.
Sau 12 ngy lm vic, Hi ngh thng qua
c nhng vn kin quan trng: Tuyn ngn
Rio (cn gi l Hin chng Tri t), Chng
trnh hnh ng 21, Cng c v thay i kh
hu, Cng c v a dng sinh hc, Cng c v
bo v cc loi v cc ni c tr, v.v. Hi ngh
cng thng qua cc vn kin v ti tr v
chuyn giao cng ngh cho cc nc ang pht
trin.
ngha ca Hi ngh l lm cho nhn loi
nhn thc c: Nu khng cu vn c mi Deleted: trm tch n mt
trng th cng khng th duy tr s sng ca Deleted: phi
bn thn con ngi; vn mi trng l vn Deleted: hai
ton cu, khng mt quc gia no c th gii
quyt ring l c m phi c s hp tc trn
quy m ton cu. Cc vn kin c thng qua
khng nh quyn li v ngha v ca cc quc
gia trong vic bo m s pht trin n nh v
bn vng.
on i biu Vit Nam tham gia Hi ngh
ny do Ph ch tch Hi ng B trng
Nguyn Khnh dn u.
United Nations Convention on Biological
Diversity (UNCBD) [16090] : Cng c ca
Lin hip quc v a dng sinh hc.
Cng c c thng qua ti Hi ngh Lin
hip quc v mi trng v pht trin Rio de
Janeiro thng 6/1992. Mc ch ca Cng c l
bo tn s a dng sinh hc, s dng lu bn v
cng hng th mt cch chnh ng, cng bng
nhng li ch ca cc ngun ti nguyn gen, bao
gm c vic cung cp gen, chuyn giao k thut
v ng gp ti chnh.
Vit Nam tham gia Cng c t 16/11/1994.
United Nations Environment Programme
(UNEP) [16091] : chng trnh mi trng
Lin hip quc (vit tt UNEP).
Mt t chc ca Lin hip quc c thnh
lp vo nm 1972, c chc nng tp hp, iu
phi hot ng ca cc quc gia v cc t chc
quc t nhm gii quyt nhng vn ton cu.
Cc i tng quan tm ca UNEP l: 1-Cc
khu dn c v bo v sc khe; 2-H sinh thi
trn cn; 3-Mi trng v pht trin; 4-Cc i
dng; 5-Nng lng; 6-Cc tai bin thin
nhin.
Nhim v ch yu ca UNEP l: 1-nh gi
trng thi mi trng, bao gm gim st
(monitoring), nghin cu khoa hc, trao i
thng tin v mi trng; 2-Qun l mi trng,
ch yu l cc hot ng ca con ngi c tc
ng tt hoc xu n mi trng nhm s dng
hp l thin nhin; 3-H tr v gio dc-o to
cn b, gip k thut trong lnh vc mi
trng.
662
 unit form [16092] : hnh n v.
Hnh n tinh th trong cc h khng phi
lp phng, ct cc trc tinh th theo cc on
xc nh thng s ca trc. Hnh n v c k
hiu Miller {111}, {110}, {011}, {101}.
unit resistance [16093] : in tr sut ring.
unit stratotype [16094] : chun a tng (mt
ct chun) phn v, stratotyp phn v.
L mt ct chun (stratotyp) c xem l tiu
chun xc nh hoc nhn bit mt phn v
a tng.
unit weight [16095] : trng lng ring.
Th trng, trng lng trn mt n v
th tch.
univalve [16096] : n mnh, ng vt n
mnh, v n mnh.
Ch c hay ch gm mt mnh; mt ng vt
ch c mt mnh v, v d: Chn u v Chn
bng; v mt ng vt ch c mt mnh.
univariant [16097] : n bin.
Ni v h ha hc ch c mt bc t do; ni
v mt h cn bng s bin thin khng bt
buc ca nhiu hn mt iu kin vt l s lm
ko theo s tiu bin ca mt pha.
universal seismograph [16098] : my o a
chn di rng.
My o dao ng a chn di rng, o c
c chu k ngn ln chu k di.
universal stage [16099] : bn tng hp.
Bn quang hc c 3, 4, 5 trc c gn vo
bn quay ca knh hin vi phn cc, cho php
nghing lt mng thch hc theo hai trc nm
ngang vung gc vi nhau. c dng
nghin cu tnh cht quang hc ca mt khong
vt i xng thp, xc nh s nh hng ca
khong vt bt k so vi mt v cnh ca lt
mng. n: u-stage; Fedorov stage.
univerted relief [16100] : a hnh k tha.
Hnh dng bn ngoi ca a hnh phn nh
cu trc a cht bn di, nh ni l ni cng
l v tr ca np li, ni l thung lng cng l v
tr ca np lm.
unkeep cost [16101] : chi ph bo dng, ph
tn bo dng.
n: maintenance.
unpaired terrace [16102] : thm khng
cp i.
Thm sng khng i xng nhau, trn pha
i din nhau ca thung lng thng c hnh
thnh bi mt dng un khc, nh vng ngang
qua thung lng. n: unmatched terrace.
unsaturated [16103] : khng bo ho.
Ch khong vt khng thnh to khi c silica
(SiO2) t do, v d nephelin, leucit, olivin,
feldsparhoit.
Ss: undersaturated, saturated, oversaturated.
unsoaked [16104] : khng cho thm nc.
unstable [16105] : khng bn vng, bt
n nh.
1- Thut ng dng ch cc trm tch c Deleted: a)
cu to khng bn vng, thnh phn khong vt
d b thay i; l sn phm ca qu trnh xm
thc v lng ng nhanh, v d trong vng hot
ng kin to v nng cao; nh feldspar, Deleted: bao gm
pyroxen, hornblend v cc mnh khc nhau.
2- Loi trm tch c thnh phn l cc ht Deleted: b)
dng gc cnh ti bn mi mn khng bn vng Deleted: Thut ng dng ch
phong ha, chn lc t km n trung bnh, trm tch cha trng thnh (chng hn
grauvac), bao gm cc ht gc cnh nh
bao gm cc ht feldspar hoc cc mnh vn . felspat v mnh .
unstable equilibrium [16106] : cn bng
khng n nh.
Trng thi cn bng ca h ha hc, hay mt
vt th d b ph hy.
unstable isotope [16107] : ng v khng bn.
unstable relict [16108]: tn d khng n nh.
Mt th tn d khng n nh di nhng
iu kin bt bin mi chng ln b ph hy
nhng vn cn nhn bit c nh vn tc
chuyn dng chm chp.
unstratified [16109] : khng phn tng, khng
phn lp.
unsupported height [16110] : chiu cao t do,
chiu cao khng phi chng thnh.
unwater [16111] : thot nc.
n: dewater.
unweathered [16112] : khng, cha b
phong ha.
UOD [16113] : nhu cu oxy ton phn.
Vit tt ca ultimate oxygen demand. Lng
oxy theo tnh ton cn cho s khong ha hon
ton cc cht hu c v oxy ha amoniac cng
cc hp cht nit trong nc.
upalite [16114] : upalit.
Khong vt: Al(UO2)3(PO4)2(OH)3.
upconing [16115] : nm hnh nn.
n: coning.
updip [16116] : hng i ln v song song vi
chiu dc ca cu to hoc b mt.
updip block [16117] : cc pha tri ln
ca t gy, khi tri.
upfaulted [16118] : ni v cc trn pha
nng tri ca t gy, hoc khi nghing
tri ln. Deleted: n
uphole shooting [16119] :
663
 N mn trong l khoan su khc nhau
la chn su t im n ti u hoc xc
nh vn tc (sng) trong i phong ha.
upland [16120] : vng t cao, cao nguyn.
Vng rng ln ca t cao, c bit l
nhng ni xa b bin hoc bn trong mt quc
gia. t ni cao hn trn vng t thp dc theo
sng hoc gia cc i. Vng t cao hn mc
l, thy triu khi bo khng t ti. Cao nguyn,
vng t cao hn ca mt khu vc tng phn
vi thung lng, ng bng hoc cc vng t
thp khc. n: fasland.
upland plain [16121] : vng t kh bng
phng c cao ln, b mt b xi mn cao.
upland swamp [16122] : m ly lc a.
Hnh thnh t cc vng vnh ang cn dn do
bin thoi.
upleap [16123] : cnh nghch ln ca t gy
phay nghch.
uplift [16124] : cnh nghch ln ca t gy
phay nghch.
1- Mt lc bt k dn n nng cao mt kt
cu cng trnh hoc nn mng ca n i vi
xung quanh, khi nng, s nng cao, s nng
tri (cao hn xung quanh).
2- Nng tri, mt vng ni cao v mt cu
to trong v, a ly, thnh to do cc chuyn
ng dng lm cc nng tri a ly hoc
nghch chm ln pha trn; t gy nghch.
Ngn: depression.
uplimb thrust fault [16125] : t gy chm
nghch cnh treo.
t gy co rt pht trin trn cnh np li
vi hng dch chuyn kin to cnh treo v
t gy chc xung trc tin cng hng vi
cnh nhng gc dc ln hn. S dch chuyn
tip tc ca cnh theo hng thng ng gy ra
cc t gy co rt cnh tt xung theo hng
trc np un. n; flexural-slip thrust fault.
upper Carboniferous [16126] : Carbon
thng; Carbon trn.
Thng trn ca h Carbon ca chu u, cng
l ca thi a tng quc t, gn tng ng vi
Pensylvani ca Bc M.
upper hemisphere projection [16127] : php
chiu lp th bn cu trn.
upper mantle [16128] : manti trn.
Phn manti nm trn su khong 1000 km
v c t trng 3,40 g/cm3, ti vn tc sng P
tng t 8 n 11 km/giy theo su v vn tc
sng S tng t 4,5 n 6 km/giy theo su.
Lp manti trn c thnh phn nh peridotit.
Manti trn bao hm c asthenosphere (quyn
mm) v i chuyn tip tng ng vi lp B
hay C. n: outer mantle, peridotite shell. Formatted
upper Paleolithic [16129] : c trn. Formatted
Phn v gn y nht, phn v th ba cu thi
a c (Paleolithic) c trng bi Homo
sapiens (ngi hin i-vi t cch l mt chng
loi) v s xut hin ca ngi chu c v
chu M.
upper plate [16130] : cnh treo ca mt
t gy.
upper Volgian [16131] : Volga thng.
Bc chu u, Jura trn (trn Volga h, di
Berias, Creta), bao gm c Tithori.
upright fold [16132] : np un thng ng. Deleted:
uprise [16133] : nng ln, dng tri.
upslope [16134] : sn dc ln, cng ln cao
dc ca sn cng ln.
upstream [16135] : thng lu, bn trn.
upthrow [16136] : thng lu, bn trn.
S dch chuyn va; pha dch chuyn ln
pha trn ca t gy. Sn nng ln (cnh nng
ln). Ngn: down throw.
upthrown [16137] : pha ca t gy chuyn
ng theo hng i ln.
upthrown block [16138] : khi chuyn ng
ln pha trn.
upthrust [16139] : phay nghch, nghch chm
dc, a ly.
upthrusting [16140] : nng tri.
upturned [16141] : nghing, o ln (np
un o). Deleted: t gy co rt pht trin trn
cnh ca np li, trong hng vn
upturning [16142] : o ngc, o ln. ng kin to
upward borehole [16143] : l khoan
ngc ln.
upwelling [16144] : ni la ng (phun ra).
Phun tro dung nham v kh ni la tng
i yu t, khng c lc phun tro qu mnh.
uraconite [16145] : uraconit.
Tn c dng ch cc loi sulfat uran
nhng khng r rng nn loi b.
uralborite [16146] : uralborit.
Khong vt CaB2O4. 2H2O.
Uralian [16147] : Urali.
Bc ca Nga, phn chia cho phn cao nht
ca Carbon, nm di bc Sakmari, hin c
xem mt phn thuc Asseli Permi di, mt
phn thuc Carbon thng, kh ph bin trong
cc cng trnh ca Php v a cht Vit Nam.
Hin khng s dng.
Uralian emerald [16148] : emerald ural.
Emerald tm thy dy ni Ural gn
664
Sverdlovsk, Lin bang Nga. n: demantoid.
uralite [16149] : uralit.
Amphibol th sinh (hornblen hoc actinolit)
mu lc, ch yu c dng kim, si gp trong
b bin i, gi hnh theo pyroxen (nh augit).
uralitization [16150] : uralit ho.
S pht trin amphibol theo pyroxen, c bit
trong qu trnh magma mun hoc bin cht, khi
amphibol thay th pyroxen nguyn sinh hoc khi
xm nhp b bin i, pyroxen b thay th
bng amphibol, v d: s bin i gabro
thnh lc do bin cht ng lc.
uralolite [16151] : uralolit.
Khong vt: CaBe3(PO4)2(OH)2.4H2O.
uramphite [16152] : uramphit.
Khong vt mu lc nht n lc v chai:
(NH4)(UO2)(PO4).3H2O.
uran mica [16153] : mica uran.
Uranit, c bit l torbernit.
urancalcarite [16154] : urancalcarit.
Khong vt: Ca(UO2)3CO3(OH)6.3H2O.
uraninite [16155] : uraninit.
Khong vt h lp phng hoc tm mt,
mu en, nu hoc xm thp, ch yu l UO2,
cng c th b oxy ho mt phn, phng x
mnh, l qung ch yu ca uran, ng hnh vi
thorianit. Uraninit thng cha tp cht nh kim
loi thori, radi, ceri, ytri v ch. Khi b nung
nng, n gii phng ra kh ch yu l heli.
Uraninit gp trong cc mch qung ch, thic,
ng hoc trong trm tch ct kt. Trong granit
v pegmatit, uraninit l hp phn nguyn thu
ca chng.
n: pitchblende. n: ulrichite, coracite.
uranite [16156] : uranit.
Tn chung cho nhm khong vt gm
phosphat v arsenat uran kiu autunit, meta-
autonit v tobernit.
uranium [16157] : urani (U).
Nguyn t ha hc s 92, nguyn t lng
238,0289; t trng 11,95 g/cm3, thuc nhm
kim loi nng, actinid, lithophil, c 23 ng v
khng bn. Hm lng U trong cc (ppm): v
lc a trn l 2,5; siu mafic 0,02; gabro-basalt
0,5; granit-granodiorit 4; phin 3,2; trong t
2,7; trong nc i dng0,0032 mg/l. Khong
vt tiu biu l uraninit/pitchblend UO2,
brannerit (U,Ca,Ce)(Ti,Fe)2O6, carnotit
K2(UO2)2(VO4)2.3H2O. Phng php phn tch:
ICP-MS, INAA, o hunh quang. Dng U trong
cc lnh vc cng nghip ht nhn, bom ht
nhn, knh thy tinh, i trng cho my bay.
uranium 234 age method [16158] : phng Deleted: (b)
php U234 xc nh tui.
Phng php xc nh tui cho cc ha thch
San h, v s hn c tui di 1 triu nm.
n: uranium 234 excess method; uranium
234/uranium 238 age method; uranium 238
uranium 234 desequilibrium method.
uranium 234 excess method [16159] :
phng php nh tui uranium-234.
uranium 234/uranium 238 age method
[16160] : phng php nh tui uranium-234.
uranium 238/uranium 234 desequilibrium
method [16161] : phng php nh tui
uranium-234.
Phng php khng cn bng 238U/234U.
uranium isotope age [16162] : tui ng v
uranium.
n: uranium-uranium age.
uranium lead age method [16163] : phng
php U-Pb xc nh tui.
Phng php xc nh tui cho cc da
trn c s bit t l phn r phng x ca U238
thnh Pb206 v U235 thnh Pb207-L mt phn m
rng ca phng php U-Th-Pb trong cc cp
m-con c nghin cu ng thi.
n: lead-uranium age method.
uranium ocher [16164] : qung urani.
n: gummite.
uranium series [16165] : lot urani.
Lot phng x bt u t urani-238.
uranium series age method [16166] : phng
php nh tui dy urani. Deleted: lot
Tnh tui theo nm cho cc vt liu t
da trn qui lut tng quan l s phn hy cho
uranium-234, thorium-230 v protactinium-231
trong cc vt liu thin nhin ni chung l
khng cn bng vi cc ng v b ca chng,
uranium-238 v uranium-235 c lng hoc
thiu hoc tha-tui c xc nh bng cch o
t l hot ca cc ng v .
n: ionium-thorium age method, ionium-
excess method (phng php ion tha), ionium
deficiency method (phng php thiu ion);
thorium-230, protactinium-231 deficiency
method; protactinium-ionium age method;
uranium-234 age method v. v.
uranium thorium lead age method [16167] :
phng php U-Th-Pb xc nh tui.
Phng php xc nh tui cho cc , c
bit l cho zircon trn c s bit t l phn r
phng x ca U238 thnh Pb206; U235 thnh Pb207
v Th232 thnh Pb208. Cc t l ny cho 3 kt qu
665
tnh tui c lp vi nhau. Ngoi ra t s
Pb207/Pb206 cng cho kt qu tnh tui gi l tui
ch-ch. Phng php ny p dng tt cho tnh
tui cc v khong vt trc Cambri.
n: uranium-thorium-lead dating.
uranium uranium age [16168] : tui
uranium-uranium.
Tui tnh theo nm t t s ca uranium-235
v uranium-238; mt sn phm ph ca phng
php nh tui uranium-thorinium-ch.
n: uranium isotope age.
uranocher [16169] : uranocher, qung uran.
Tn chung, ch yu dng cho cc sulfat uran
(nh uranopilit) v cho mt s oxid uran.
n: uranochre.
uranocircite [16170] : uranoxirxit.
Khong vt mu lc vng ca nhm autunit:
Ba(UO2)2(PO4)2.8H2O.
uranophane [16171] : uranophan.
Khong vt th sinh h trc thoi, mu vng,
phng x mnh: Ca(UO2)2Si2O7.6H2O, ng cu
trc vi sklodopskit v cuprosklodopskit v
lng hnh vi beta-uranophan. n: uranotile.
uranopilite [16172] : uranopilit.
Khong vt th sinh mu vng:
(UO2)6(SO4)(OH)10.12H2O.
uranosilite [16173] : uranosilit.
Khong vt: USi7O17.
uranospathite [16174] : uranospathit.
Khong vt: (HAl)0,5(UO2)2(PO4)2.20H2O.
uranosphaerite [16175] : uranosphaerit.
Khong vt th sinh mu da cam n
gch: Bi2U2O9. 3H2O. n: uranospherite.
uranospinite [16176] : uranospinit.
Khong vt th sinh mu lc n vng thuc
nhm autunit: Ca(UO2)2(AsO4)2.10H2O. ng
hnh zeunerite.
uranotantalite [16177] : uranotantalit.
n: samarkite.
uranothallite [16178] : uranothalit.
n: liebigite.
uranothorianite [16179] : uranothorianit.
Thorianit cha uran, l khong vt trung gian
ca dy ng hnh uraninit-thorianit.
uranothorite [16180] : uranothorit.
Mt bin th ca thorit c cha urani.
uranotile [16181] : uranotil.
n: uranophane, uranotil.
urantsevite [16182] : urantsevit.
Khong vt h su phng: Pd(Bi, Pb)2.
Uranus [16183] : Sao Thin Vng.
urbainite [16184] : urbainit.
Ilmenitit cha 10-20% rutil v 3-5% saphirin.
Thut ng mang tn vng St.Urbain, Quebec,
khng lu s dng.
Urban geology [16185] : a cht th.
Lnh vc a cht hc p dng nhng kt qu
iu tra nghin cu a cht phc v cng cuc
th ha nhm hai nh hng: 1-Xc lp cc
lun c v a cht cho vic lp quy hoch xy
dng th, bo m s pht trin th trn
mt nn tng a cht bn vng, trnh nhng tai
bin a cht v nhng tc ng tiu cc n Formatted
mi trng a cht do nguyn nhn th ha;
2-p ng cc yu cu pht trin kinh t-x hi
v phc v dn sinh, gp phn to lp c s h
tng tin nghi cho cuc sng th theo tiu
chun hin i.
urea [16186] : urea.
Khong vt h bn phng: CO(NH2)2.
ureyite [16187] : ureyit.
Khong vt thin thch thuc nhm pyroxen:
NaCrSi2O6. n: kosmochlor, cosmochlore.
uricite [16188] : uricit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
C5H4N4O3(2, 6, 8-trihydroxy purin).
Urov disease [16189] : bnh Urov.
Mt loi bnh do mi trng sng (nc Formatted
ung, thc n) d tha stronti v thiu calci, Formatted
thng gp ngi v gia sc vi cc biu hin:
au nhc khp, xng ct cong vo, d gy.
Bnh ph bin vng thung lng sng Urov
(pha nam Sibir, Nga) nn c tn l bnh Urov.
Cng cn c tn: Kashin-Beck (t theo tn hai
nh khoa hc nghin cu bnh ny).
ursilite [16190] : ursilit.
Khong vt mu vng chanh:
(Ca,Mg)2 (UO2)2Si5O14.9-10H2O.
urtite [16191] : urtit.
1- Theo phn loi ca IUGS, xm nhp Deleted: a.
su c F nm gia 60 v 100, M = 30 hay t hn,
lng Na vt tri hn Kali.
2- sng mu ca lot izofilit, ch yu Deleted: b.
gm c nephelin v 0-30% khong vt mu, c
bit c acmit v apatit. Tn gi do Ramsay,
1896, t cho c xut x Lujavr-Urt (hin
nay l Lovozera), bn o Kola, Nga.
urvantsevite [16192] : urvantsevit.
Khong vt: Pd(Bi, Pb)2.
US Department of Agriculture Soil Deleted: ca
Taxomony [16193] : h phn loi t ca Cc
Nng nghip Hoa K.
usamerite [16194] : usamerit.
Thut ng ny ch thuc nhm
666
graywack v c trng bi ht t ct n si,
phn hng khng r, hnh dng cc mnh vn v
xi mng phc tp.
USBM stress gauge [16195] : ng sut k
USBM (ca S Khai khong Hoa K).
U-shaped dune [16196] : n ct hnh ch U.
im cui c m cho gi i ln ca n.
U-shaped valley [16197] : thung lng hnh
ch U.
Thung lng hnh ch U rng, c cc sn
dc, y bng, rng, c bit l thung lng c
x bi xi mn bng h.
n: U-valley; trough valley.
ushkovite [16198] : ushkovit.
Khong vt: MgFe+32(PO4)2.(OH)2.8H2O,
ng cu trc vi laucit.
usovite [16199] : usovit.
Khong vt: Ba2MgAl2F12.
ussingite [16200] : usingit.
Khong vt mu tm pht :
Na2AlSi3O8(OH).
ustarasite [16201] : ustarasit.
Khong vt mu xm: Pb(Bi, Sb)6S10.
utahite [16202] : utahit.
n: jarosite, natrojarosite.
utahlite [16203] : utahlit.
c bit l loi gp dng khi ht, cht st
Utah. n: varicite.
UTM [16204] : bn theo h UTM.
Vit tt ca t Universal Transverse
Mercator. Mt h trc ta phng biu din
bn trong GIS. Trong h ny Tri t c
chia thnh cc vng (zone) nh s khc nhau.
uupraise [16205] : nng tri, dng tri.
uvanite [16206] : uvanit.
Khong vt mu vng pht nu:
U2V6O21.15H2O (?).
uvarovite [16207] : uvarovit.
Khong vt cui ca nhm granat, c mu
lc emerald c trng: Ca3Cr2(SiO4)3. N c th
cha kh nhiu nhm.
n: uwarowite, ouvarovite.
uvite [16208] : uvit.
Khong vt nhm turmalin:
CaMg3(Al5Mg)(BO3)3Si6O18(OH)4.
uwarowite [16209] : uwarowit.
n: uvarovite.
uytenbogaardtite [16210] : uytenbogartit.
Khong vt: Ag3 Au S2. n: liujinyinite.
uzbekite [16211] : uzbekit.
n: volborthite.
Deleted: (
Deleted: (
667
 vacancy [16212] : l trng.
V
V tr trng trong cu trc tinh th do vng
nguyn t hoc ion v tr cu trc bnh thng
ca n.
vacuole [16213] : bt dung nham, thch
cu rng.
Thng dng theo ting Php. n: vesicle.
vadose water [16214] : nc trong i
thng kh.
Nc tn ti trong lp t khng bo ha
t mt t n mc nc di t (i thng
kh) di dng hi, lng (nc ngng t, nc
thng tng, nc trng lc v khng trng lc,
nc mao dn,...) hoc rn (bng).
vadose water discharge [16215] : mt nc
di t tng trn (do bc hi trong i
thng kh).
vaesite [16216] : vaesit.
Khong vt ng hng c cu trc
pyrit: NiS2.
Vajont slide [16217] : s c trt Vajont.
S c trt t ni ting, xy ra p Vajont
(Italia) nm 1963, trong thi gian tch nc vo
h lm gn 2000 ngi cht.
Valanginian [16218] : Valangini.
Bc do Desor xc lp nm 1853 theo tn lu
i Valangin Thy S thi by gi, l bc ca
thi a tng quc t, Creta h, nm trn Berrias,
nm di Hauterivi.
valencianite [16219] : valencianit.
Adular Guanajuato, Mexico.
Valentian [16220] : Valenti.
n: Llandoverian.
valentinite [16221] : valentinit.
Khong vt h trc thoi, mu trng: Sb2O3,
ng hnh vi senarmontit.
n: antimony bloom; white antimony.
valleriite [16222] : valerit.
Khong vt: 4(Fe,Cu).3(Mg,Al)(OH)2.
valley [16223] : thung lng; lu vc sng;
min vng, thung lng bin, i dng.
1- (m) Phm vi t thp c vin khu t
cao, c bit nh l trng hi dc, kh rng ca
mt t thng nm gia hai ni hoc gia cc
dy i hoc ni, thng c thung lng vi mt
ca thot nc. Thung lng thng c pht
trin bi xi mn sng, c th c hnh thnh
do t gy.
2- (cthv) Phm vi t rng, kh bng phng
Deleted: nc
ko di c sng rng v cc dng nhnh ca n.
n: vale; dale.
3- Min trng rng c a hnh thp trn y
i dng c sn hi nghing.
valley bottom [16224] : y thung lng.
n: valley floor.
valley braid [16225] : nhnh vng ca sng.
n: anabranch.
valley drift [16226] : .
Ra tri vt liu to nn valley strain (thung
lng tch t vt liu ra tri do bng h tan).
valley fill [16227] : vt liu lp y
thung lng.
Trm tch b ri c tch t do tc nhn no
lp y hoc lp y tng phn mt
Deleted: thnh
thung lng.
valley flat [16228] : nn bng thung lng.
Deleted: .
1- Phn nm gia thnh vch thung lng v
dng chy, thc cht l mt dng bi bi c Deleted: (
thnh to mt pha ca thung lng. Deleted: a)
2- Mt bo mn gc c to ra do xm Deleted: )
thc ngang c ph mt lp bi tch sng.
Deleted: b)
valley floor [16229] : y thung lng.
y bng phng, rng, c th b cy xi v Deleted: c nng ln
th hin nh l mc ca mt chu trnh xi mn Deleted: mt mc
trc y. N cng c th b ph mt lp aluvi
mng. n: valley bottom; flood plain.
valley floor basement [16230] : mng y
668
 thung lng.
Mng gc b h thp, nm di valey
floor sidestrip v y thung lng thc th, pht
trin vng kh hu m do s m rng ngang
y thung lng.
valley floor side strip [16231] : di sn y
thung lng.
B mt phng ti lm nh, hp gia sn ra
tri v y thung lng thc th (bi bi) c
to nn do s h thp v s li ngang ca sn
thung lng.
valley in valley [16232] : thung lng trong
thung lng.
V iu kin, cu trc hoc lt ct ngang ca
thung lng t sn c nh du bng mt vi
thung lng (valley shouder) ngn mt thung
lng tr c sn dc di thp vi mt thung
lng m, c hn, rng hn cao hn.
valley line [16233] : ng y thung lng.
valley meander [16234]:khc un thung lng.
n: meandering valley.
valley of elevation [16235] : thung lng
np li.
valley of subsidence [16236] : thung lng
np lm.
valley plain [16237] : bi bi lin tc, y
thung lng.
n: valley floor.
valley plain terrace [16238] : thm y
thung lng.
Tn d bi bi lin tc c trc ca y
thung lng, n gm nhng dng nh strath
terrance v fillastrath terrance.
valley plug [16239] : nt thung lng.
S thu hp a phng trong lng dng chy
do c vi kiu vt cn dng v c th do tch
t nhanh.
valley profile [16240] : trc din dc
thung lng.
valley shoulder [16241] : vai thung lng.
B mt thung lng c to ra trong dng
thung lng, biu hin bng gc nhn hoc ch
gy sn gia sn hoc y ca thung lng
c cao hn v sn ca thung lng tr hn, thp
hn. l tn d ca y thung lng c to
ra trong mt chu trnh xi mn c, nh du
mc c s xi mn c v s m rng ngang cc
c thnh phn thch hc thay i.
n: shoulder.
valley sink [16242] : thung lng karst.
n: karst valley.
valley spring [16243] : mch nc thung lng.
Mt kiu mch trng, nc l ra t sn Deleted: ca ngun nc trng st
(depression spring)
thung lng. n: depression spring.
valley system [16244] : h thung lng. Deleted: chy
Thung lng v tt c cc thung lng nhnh. Deleted: im l nc ngm
valley train [16245] : th tch t vt liu ra Formatted
tri di, hp do nc bng tan.
valve [16246] : mnh v, np.
Nhng ming thng l khp c vo nhau
lm nn v ngoi ca mt s ng vt khng
xng sng, v d: nhng tm cong bng cht
vi to nn v ca mt Thn mm hai mnh; hai
mnh sillic ha hay c mng bao bc lm thnh
nh hay y ca v To sillic.
valverdite [16247] : valverdit.
Thu tinh hnh trn trnh hoc thu knh cha
cc bao th kt tinh, tm thy gn Del Rio, Val
Verde County, Texas. L obsidian b phong ho.
Van der Kolk method [16248] : phng php
Van der Kolk.
Php th bng khc x k xc nh chit
sut ca khong vt ngm trong dung dch lng.
Khi dng vt cn chm sng chiu qua vt th,
bng ca n xut hin cng nm mt pha vi
vt cn khi ht khong vt c chit sut tng
i cao hn, v n nm v pha ngc li khi
khong vt c chit sut thp hn so vi
cht lng.
vanadate [16249] : vanadat.
Khong vt trong thnh phn c gc anion
c trng bi vanadi ho tr 5 v oxy. V d l Deleted: tn d bi bi lin tc c
trc ca y thung lng, n gm nhng
vanadinit: Pb5(VO4)3Cl. Ss: arsenate; phosphate. dng nh strath terrance v fillastrath
vanadinite [16250] : vanadinit. terrance
Khong vt mu , vng n nu thuc Deleted: Pb5(VO4)3
nhm apatit: Pb5(VO4)3Cl, ng hnh vi
pyromorphit v thng cha arsen hoc
phospho. Vanadinit thng to khi dng cu
bc cc khong vt khc trong m ch v l
qung vanadin v ch.
vanadium [16251] : vanadi (V).
Nguyn t ha hc s 23, nguyn t lng
50,9451; t trng 6,11g/cm3, thuc nhm khng
kim loi nng, lithophil, c 1 ng v bn v 18
khng bn. Hm lng V trong cc (ppm): v
lc a trn l 53; siu mafic 80; gabro-basalt
260; granit-granodiorit 70; phin 130; trong
t 90; trong nc i dng 0,0025 mg/l, trong
nc sng sui 0,0009 mg/l. Khong vt tiu
biu l carnotit K2 (UO2)2 (VO4)2.3H2O, roscoelit
K (V, Al, Mg)2 (Al Si3) O10 (OH)2, vanadinit
Pb5(VO4)3Cl, patronit VS4, magnetit (Fe,V)3O4,
descloizit Pb(Zn,Cu)(VO4)(OH). Phng php
phn tch: XRF, ICP-MS, ICP-AES. Sn lng
669
nm 1995 l 32.300 tn, gi th trng 7,3
USD/kg 98 % V2O5. Dng V trong cc lnh vc
sn xut thp, xc tc, hp kim.
vanado-magnetite [16252] : vanado-magnetit.
Khong vt nhm spinel FeV2O4.
n: coulsonite.
vanalite [16253] : vanalit.
Khong vt mu vng sng:
NaAl8V10O38.30H2O.
vandenbrandeite [16254] : vandenbrandeit.
Khong vt mu lc pht en: CuUO4.2H2O.
vandendriesscheite [16255] : vandendriesheit.
Khong vt mu vng n vng da cam, h
phch: PbU7O22.12H2O.
vane apparatus [16256] : thit b ct cnh.
vane shear test [16257] : th nghim ct cnh.
vanmeersscheite [16258] : vanmersheit.
Khong vt: U(UO2)3(PO4)2(OH)6.4H2O.
vanoxite [16259] : vanoxit.
Khong vt mu en: V4+4V 2+5O13.8H2O (?).
Van't Hoff equation [16260] : phng trnh
Van Hoff.
Phng trnh cho bit nhit ph thuc vo
hng s cn bng ca phn ng:
dlnK/dT=Ho/T2, K l hng s cn bng, T l
nhit tuyt i, Ho bin i enthalpy ca
phn ng gi nh ca vt cht trng thi
chun v R l hng s kh l tng.
Van't Hoff law [16261] : nh lut Van Hoff.
nh lut v cn bng pha khi mt h trng
thi cn bng c hai phn ng xy ra ngc
chiu nhau, phn ng th nht s xy ra khi
nhit nng cao, v phn ng thot nhit xy
ra khi nhit h thp.
vanthoffite [16262] : vanthofit.
Khong vt khng mu: Na6Mg(SO4)4.
vanuralite [16263] : vanuralit.
Khong vt mu vng chanh:
Al(UO2)2(VO4)2(OH).11H2 O.
vanuranylite [16264] : vanuranylit.
Khong vt mu vng sng:
[(H3O),(Ba,Ca,K)]1.6(UO2)2(VO4)2.4H2O (?).
vanuxemite [16265] : vanuxemit.
Hn hp ca sauconit v hemimorphit.
vaporization [16266] : qu trnh bay hi.
variable [16267] : bin s.
1- Mt i lng bt k c th o c, bin
thin c, v d bin s c lp v bin s ph
thuc. X: thuc tnh, bin s, thng s; .
2- Mt khi lng c th nhn bit, c gi tr
nhng giai on khc nhau trong mt chng
trnh tnh ton.
variable directional discrimination [16268] :
phng php thu nh hng trong thm d
a chn.
variable flow [16269] : dng chy thay i.
variable reluctance detector [16270] : my
thu a chn kiu in t.
variance [16271] : phng sai. Deleted: .
Bng bnh phng ca lch chun. K
hiu 2 .
i vi phn phi ri rc: D = Pi (x i E)2 ;
n
i =1
M-K vng ton hc.
+
i vi phn phi lin tc: D = (x E)2 f (x )dx .
n: dispersion. Deleted: T
variation [16272] : bin thin (vl).
variation diagram [16273] : biu
bin thin.
Biu hai hoc ba cu t, th hin mi
quan h ca cc thng s ha hc (v d: phn
trm cc oxid, s Niggli, ch s phn d) trong
mt phc h magma. n: diagram harker. Formatted
variation magnetic field [16274] : trng t
bin thin (theo thi gian).
variegated copper ore [16275] : qung Deleted: =
ng m. Formatted
n: bornite.
Formatted
varietal mineral [16276] : khong vt c
Deleted: P
trng, khong vt ch th phn loi.
Khong vt c s lng ng k hoc c Deleted:
trng cho mt loi , c vai tr phn bit loi Deleted: =
ny vi loi khc. n: distinctive mineral.
variety [16277] : tnh a dng, loi hoc th
(dng trong phn loi).
1- Trong ngc hc, l mt th ca mt loi
khong vt phn bit nh mu sc, tnh cht
quang hc hoc c im no , v d emerald
v aquamarin l cc th ca beryl c mu
khc nhau.
2- Trong sinh vt l s phn nh ca loi.
variole [16278] : thch cu, variol.
Khi cu c ht u, thng gm nhng tinh
th plagioclas hay pyroxen xp ta tia bn trong
khi cu. Thng p dng m t cc thch cu
trong phun tro mafic. V d: trong
variolit.
variolite [16279] : variolit.
Deleted: a.
Tn phun tro gm c nhiu thch cu,
ht mn, do Aldrovande xng nm 1648. C
xut x t ch La tinh "smallpox". Khng Deleted: b.
nn dng.
Variscan orogeny [16280] : to ni Varisc.
670
 Thi i to ni Paleozoi mun xy ra trong
sut Carbon v Perm. Cch dng hin nay ng
ngha vi to ni Hercyni.
Variscides [16281] : Variscid.
Dy ni Hercyni chu u. n: Hercynid.
variscite [16282] : variscit.
Khong vt h trc thoi mu lc:
AlPO4.2H2O, ng hnh vi strengit v lng
hnh vi metavariscit, l vt liu ph bin
mi cabochon v cc mu khc chm, thng
c dng lm th thay th cho turqua.
X: sphaerite.
n: lucinite, utahlite.
varlamoffite [16283] : varlamofit.
Khong vt (Sn,Fe)(O,OH)2. C l l casiterit
ht nh.
varnsingite [16284] : varnsingit.
Mt loi su va, sng mu, ht ln c
albit (qu 50%), pyroxen, sphen, magnetit,
apatit v epidot th sinh, prenit, chlorit,
amphibol, muscovit. Thut ng mang tn vng
Vastra Varnsingen, Thy in. Khng
cn dng.
varulite [16285] : varulit.
Khong vt mu lc oliu xn:
(Na2,Ca)(Mn+2,Fe+2)(PO4)2, ng hnh vi
hunerkobelit.
varve [16286] : varve, mt loi t trm tch.
vase [16287] : trm tch hn hp ca sng.
Trm tch hn hp trong ca sng ming
phu b i Ty Dng, gm ct, thch anh,
calcit, khong vt st v cc v s c.
vashegyite [16288] : vashegyit.
Khong vt mu trng, vng hoc nu g st:
2Al4(PO4)3(OH)3.27H2O (?).
vaterite [16289] : vaterit.
Khong vt h su phng, him: CaCO3,
tam hnh vi calcit v aragonit, l dng khng
bn vng ca carbonat calci.
vaterite A [16290] : vaterit-A.
Calcit nhn to.
vaterite B [16291] : vaterit-B.
Vaterit nhn to.
vauclusian spring [16292] : mch phun.
Mch nc phun ln t mt xi phng trong
vng karst, hot ng khng lin tc (gi theo
tn ca mt mch phun vng Vaucluse, min
nam nc Php). n: gushing spring.
vault [16293] : vm.
Mt cu trc ca Tri t ging ca t v. V
d: ming hang hoc ming ni la.
vauquelinite [16294] : vauquelinit.
Khong vt mu lc n en pht nu:
Pb2 Cu (CrO4) (PO4) (OH). ng hnh vi
fornacit.
vauxite [16295] : vauxit.
Khong vt h ba nghing mu lam:
Fe+2Al2(PO4)2(OH)2.6H2O, cha t nc hn
metavauxit v paravauxite.
vyrynenite [16296] : vayrynenit.
Khong vt: MnBe(PO4)(OH, F).
V bar [16297] : ct dng ch V.
ct hnh mi nhn (cuspate bar) c gc
pha bin kh nhn, nh ni c vt dng mi
th sinh t ngt v pha b t im ca mi
nguyn sinh.
veatchite [16298] : veatchit.
Khong vt mu trng: Sr2B11O16(OH)5.H2O,
lng hnh vi p-veatchite, c nhm khng gian
A2/a.
veenite [16299] : venit.
Khong vt: Pb2(Sb,As)2S5.
vegasite [16300] : vegasit.
Khong vt c th l plumbojarosit.
vegetal discharge [16301] : mt nc do
thc vt.
S mt nc thng qua thm thc vt.
vegetation coast [16302] : b bin thc vt.
B bin b m rng v pha bin bi thc vt
(nh rng ngp mn).
Deleted: trm tch hn hp trong ca
veil [16303] : my. sng ming phu b i Ty Dng,
Tp hp cc bt nh ging m my trng gm ct, thch anh, canxit, khong vt st
trong thch anh. v cc v s c
vein [16304] : mch; mch (th); gn l (cs);
mch [nc].
1- (th) Dng nm ca xm nhp hnh tm
mng, lp y khe nt. Khng cn dng.
2- (cs) Mt trong s cc mch dn ca l.
3- Khe, k dn nc hp trn hoc t.
vein dike [16305] : th tng dng mch (dike
dng mch).
Khi xm nhp pegmatit c dng mch, dng
th tng. Cn c vit l: veindike, vein dike.
veined gneiss [16306] : gneis dng phn lp
(gneis dng mch).
Gneis cu to phn lp khng u. Tn dng Deleted: tro
trong thc a, khng c ngha ngun gc. Deleted: tro
velardenite [16307] : velardenit.
n: gehlenite.
velikite [16308] : velikite.
Khong vt: Cu3,75Hg1,75Sn2S8.
velocity [16309] : vn tc.
velocity director [16310] : my thu a chn
o tc truyn sng.
671
 velocity field [16311] : trng vn tc.
velocity head [16312] : p lc vn tc.
p lc ca nc di t c c do ng
nng ca nc.
velocity index [16313] : ch s tc
sng m.
Tc sng m o trong phng th nghim
ch yu ph thuc vo xp hng ca mu .
Ngc li, tc sng m o ngoi thc a li
gim ty thuc vo gin cch khe nt, m v
cht lp y. T s tc sng m k, xc nh
bng cch chia tc sng P o ngoi thc a
cho tc o c trong phng th nghim l
mt thng tin rt hu ch v cht lng . N
tin gn ti 1,0 cho vi h khe nt nh, cht
st v tha, v gim xung gn ti 0 trong mi
trng nt n cao. Khi nim ch s tc sng
m, bng 100 k , thay i trong khong 0-20 i
vi cht lng km, v 80-100 i vi
cht lng tt.
velocity of wave propagation [16314] : tc
truyn sng.
velocity ratio [16315] : t s tc sng.
velocity type seismometer [16316] : my o
a chn xc nh vn tc dch chuyn.
velu [16317] : vng ca mt o san h
dng vng.
velvet copper ore [16318]:qung ng nhung.
n: cyanotrichite.
venanzite [16319] : venanzit.
phun tro kin trc porphyr, tng t
leucitit hay melilitit gm c cc ban tinh olivin
v phlogopit nm trong nn vi tinh ca chng
khong vt cng thm melilit, leucit v
manhetit. Tn do Sabatini t nm 1898. Xut
x t San Venanzo, . Khng cn dng na.
venation [16320] : h gn.
S xp sp cc gn trong mt ci l.
venite [16321] : venit.
migmatit, hp phn linh ng do tc ng
nng chy t bn thn khi . Thot u, cng
vi tn gi arterit thay bng tn gneis dng
mch c tnh t ch r lin h ngun gc. Khng
dng na.
vent [16322] : ming ni la.
Ch m b mt tri t qua cc vt liu
ni la tro ra.
ventagglomerate [16323] : aglomerat hng
ni la.
Tp hp b ri mnh vn ni la c kch
thc thay i t 30mm n 200mm v c th
ln hn, khng chn lc, khng b mi mn, lp
y hng ni la.
venter [16324] : mt bng, bng.
Phn ngoi li ca v mt Chn u hay
Chn bng cun vng, hay thnh v ngoi vi ca
mt vng cun Chn u; vng gia v mt Tay
cun Produtida; phn phnh ra hay phn di
ca mai mt Ostracoda.
ventifact [16325] : vt liu c mi mn
do gi.
Thut ng dng cho , cui b mang i, b
ct, b nh bng bi tc ng mi mn hoc tc
ng phun ct ca gi thi ct, thng di cc
iu kin hoang mc.
n: glyptolith; wind-worn stone; wind-cut
stone; wind-polished stone; wind-grooved
stone; wind-shaped stone.
ventilation [16326] : thng gi.
ventral [16327] : mt bng, bng.
Thuc bng hay mt di ca mt ng vt,
hoc mt trong cc thnh phn ca n i din
vi lng, v d: pha mnh bng ca Tay cun;
ni v hng hay bn ca Da gai c cha
ming, thng l hng ln trn.
ventrallite [16328] : ventralit.
L phonolit cha plagioclas c nhiu feldspar
kali hn l plagioclas calci, nephelin v
feldspathoid khc. Xut x: Ventralla, Italia.
Khng cn dng na.
ventral lobe [16329] : thy bng.
Thy hay on cong li chnh trn mt bng
ca v mt Chn u.
ventral process [16330] : mu bng.
Ch dy ln qu mc nm gia v th sinh
ca Tay cun di np khe tam gic gi v nh
v pha lng, khp gia cc thu ca mu
bn l.
ventral valve [16331] : mnh bng.
Formatted
Tay cun. n: pedicle valve.
ventromyarian [16332] : c c bng.
Ni v v Chn u Nautiloidea c c co rt
khi chn-u bm vo v ln cn hay trng vi
ng gia bng pha bn trong phng
cha thn.
Venturian [16333] : Venturi.
Bc Bc M. Pliocen trung (nm trn
Repetti, nm di Wheeleri).
Venus [16334] : sao Kim.
venus hairstone [16335] : tc venus.
n: rutilated quartz.
verd antique [16336] : verd c hay
ng c.
672
 Serpentin dng khi mu lc ti, thng c
cc mch carbonat calci v carbonat magnesi.
N c nh bng v c mua bn nh vermillion.
hoa. n: serpentine marble, verde antique.
verdelite [16337] : verdelit.
Tourmalin mu lc.
verdite [16338] : verdit.
bin cht tng i mm, mu lc sm, t
lu c bit vng Barbeton x Transvaal v
gn y tm thy Zimbawe (Harding &
Jobbins, 1984). Cc ngh nhn v th th cng
a phng dn tc tng, iu khc. Verdit
gm ch yu muscovit giu crom, rt mn bn
cht vo nhau, c t rutil.
verite [16339] : verit.
phun tro tng t trachyt, cha
phlogopit hay biotit, clinopyroxen v olivin,
chng nm trong nn thy tinh. Tn c, khng
dng na.
vermeil [16340] : vermeil.
1- Granat mu da cam. n: vermilion.
2- Ngc corinon mu nu pht n
da cam.
3- Spinel mu da cam. n: vermeille.
vermicular quartz [16341] : thch anh
hnh giun.
Thch anh mc xen hoc m xuyn ngon
ngo vo feldspar. V d nh: trong myamekit.
vermiculite [16342] : vermiculit.
1- Nhm cc khong vt st dng tm hoc
ging mica, lin quan mt thit vi clorit v
montmorilonit, c cng thc tng qut l (Mg,
Fe, Al)3(Al, Si)4O10(OH)2. 4H2O. Cc khong
vt c thnh to ch yu do bin i mica
(biotit v phlogopit l chnh) trong i phong
ho. N c thnh phn ho hc dao ng kh
rng. Nt c trng l khi nung n 800-1100oC
th b bong thnh vy. Cc ht n gp 6-20 ln
theo hng vung gc vi mt ct khai do nc
cha bn trong bin thnh hi. Kt qu l cc
ht di ra, cong queo, cha ng kh v tr
thnh vt liu nh, c dng lm cht cch m,
cht n trong xi mng, va. Vermiculit khc
montmorilonit bi cation c kh nng trao i
c trng l Mg+2, s dn n c gii hn (thu
ho hoc mt nc gii hn n 2 lp nc), c
s lp trong cng thc c s cao hn (0,6-0,9),
kh nng trao i cation cao hn. Hu ht
vermiculit gp trong bas nh dunit v
pyroxenit.
2- Khong vt bt k ca nhm vermiculit
nh maconit, jeferisit v lenilit.
vermilion [16343] : vermilion.
1- X: cinnabar. Deleted: (a)
2- Granat mu da cam, vermeil. n: Deleted: (b)
vernadite [16344] : vernadit.
Tn dng Lin bang Nga ch khong vt c
thnh phn d on l MnO2.nH2O.
vernadskite [16345] : vernadskit.
n: antlerite.
Verneuil process [16346] : phng php
Verneuil.
Phng php do Auguste V.L. Vernueil
(1856-1913), nh ha hc v khong vt hc
ngi Php pht minh tng hp cc tinh th
corindon v spinel ln, s dng bt nhm c
thnh phn nht nh nu chy nh ngn la
oxyhydrogen, to nhng thi ngc nhn to.
verplanckite [16347] : verplanckit.
Khong vt:
Ba2(Mn, Fe,Ti)Si2O6(O,OH,Cl,F)23H2O.
verrucate [16348] : dng ht k. Deleted: .
Ni v t im ca bo t phn hoa gm cc Deleted: (a)
mu li. Deleted: (b)
vertebra [16349] : t sng.
Deleted: .
Mt trong cc yu t xng hoc sn to nn
Deleted: (c)
ct sng lng ca ng vt c xng sng.
Sn: vertebrae. Formatted
vertebrata [16350] : ng vt c xng sng. Deleted: .
Mt phn ngnh ca ngnh C dy sng
(Chordata), c trng bi b xng trong bng
sn hoc xng, v bi s t chc chuyn ho Deleted: (a)
phn trc ca ng vt. Phn trc ca c th
l u mang cc c quan th gic, khu gic, v
gic, thnh gic v phn trc ca h thn kinh
trung ng l no.
vertebrate paleontology [16351] : c sinh hc
ng vt c xng sng. Deleted: .
Mt nhnh ca c sinh vt hc nghin cu
ng vt c xng sng ho thch.
n: vertebrate paleozoology.
vertical accretion deposit [16352] : .
Trm tch sng st v ct phn b ng
bng l.
vertical angle [16353] : gc thng ng; mt
gc trong mt phng thng ng.
vertical axis [16354] : trc thng ng.
vertical corrasion [16355] : bo mn thng
ng gy nn do s o su ca lng knh.
vertical crater retreat (VCR) stopping
[16356] :
Deleted: (b)
Khai thc qung theo bc to moong; khai
thc git cp.
vertical dip slip [16357] : trt thng ng.
673
 n: vertical slip.
vertical displacement [16358] : chuyn
v ng.
vertical drainage wells [16359] : ging thot
nc ng.
vertical erosion [16360]: xi mn thng ng.
n: downcutting.
vertical fault [16361] : t gy thng ng,
mt t gy vi gc dc 90o.
vertical fold [16362] : np un thng ng.
Mt np un c trc thng ng.
vertical force [16363] : thnh phn thng
ng (Z) ca t trng tri t.
vertical force induction variometer [16364] :
t k cm ng o thnh phn thng ng (Z)
ca t trng Tri t.
vertical force on a tetrahedral block
[16365]: .
Lc tc ng theo chiu thng ng ln khi
t din.
vertically mixed estuary [16366] : ca sng
ming phu hn hp theo chiu thng ng.
Ca sng ming phu khng c s bin i
o c ca mn theo su, mc d mn tinh th vi ng knh thay i trong gii hn
c th tng ln t pha thng ngun ti ca.
c im xy ra ni c dng triu mnh
lin quan vi dng chy sng.
n: verticaly homogeneous estuary.
vertical motion seismograph [16367] : my
thu a chn ghi dao ng thng ng.
vertical section [16368] : mt ct thng ng.
vertical separation [16369] : gin cch ng.
vertical shift [16370] : dch trt thng ng;
thnh phn dch trt thng ng trong mt
t gy.
vertical slip [16371] : dch trt thng ng;
thnh phn thng ng ca dch trt thc
trong mt t gy.
vertical stress [16372] : ng sut thng ng.
vertical tectonics [16373] : kin to thng
ng, kin to ng tnh kiu Pratt.
Kiu kin to trong cc chuyn ng
thng ng ca cc n v v do trng lc ring
khc nhau to ra a hnh b mt.
vertical zonality [16374]:phn i ng (trc).
c biu hin theo phng chuyn ng
ca dung dch qung. Nu thn qung dc ng
th chng trng vi phng thng ng. Nu
thn qung nm thoi th chng trng vi
phng nm ngang.
vertical zonality coefficient [16375] : h s
phn i ng.
L c trng nh lng ca cc i qung v
vnh phn tn nguyn sinh theo chiu ng, n
c tnh bng t s hm lng trung bnh cc
cp nguyn t hoc tch hm lng trung bnh
ca nhm nguyn t (h s phn i nhn),
trong t s l hm lng ca cc nguyn t
tp trung phn trn qung, cn mu s l hm
lng ca cc nguyn t tp trung phn gia
v di qung ca cc vnh. Cng c th tnh h
s phn i bng t s lng sut tuyn tnh ca
cc vnh phn trn vi cc phn gia v
di qung.
vertumnite [16376] : vertumnit.
Khong vt lin quan vi stratlingit v
gelenit h su phng ngm nc, nhng c t
s Si: Al gp i so vi cc pha trn:
Ca4 Al4Si4O6(OH)24 3H2O.
very fine pebble [16377] : tro mn; cui, si,
tng ln nh.
Tn gi theo AGI (1958). n: granule.
very finely crystalline [16378] : kt tinh ht
rt mn.
Kin trc trm tch carbonat c nhng
0,004-0,016mm.
vesbite [16379] : vesbit.
Tn gi khc ca fegusit giu leucit hay italit
cha clinopyroxen v lng ph apatit v oxid
c. Thut ng dng m t xut x t
Vesbius, Italia. Khng nn dng na.
vesecite [16380] : vesecit.
Tn gi khc ca melilitit, cha olivin,
melilit, phlogopit v nephelin nhng khng c
clinopyroxen. Tn gi xut x t Vesec Svetla,
Tip Khc. Khng nn dng na.
vesicle [16381] : bt kh, thch cu rng (th).
L rng hnh dng khc nhau trong dung
nham do bt kh li khi kt cng.
n: vacuole.
vesicle cylinder [16382] : tr bt kh.
i hnh tr c nhiu bt kh trong lava c Deleted: , trong cc chuyn ng
thng ng ca cc n v v do trng lc
th c thnh to do s pht sinh hi nc t ring khc nhau to ra a hnh b mt
vt liu t nm di.
vesicular [16383] : cu to bt (th).
Cu to ca phun tro, c trng bi s
giu c bt kh, hnh thnh do s lan ta ca kh
trong giai on lng ca lava.
vesignieite [16384] : vesignieit.
Khong vt mu pht lc BaCu3(VO4)2(OH)2.
vesuvian [16385] : vesuvian.
1- n: vesuvianite. Deleted: (a)
2- Hn hp ca calcit vi hydromagnesit Deleted: (b)
674
l leucit.
vesuvian garnet [16386] : granat vesuvian.
Tn gi trc y cho leucit c hnh dng
tinh th ging granat.
vesuvianite [16387] : vesuvianit.
Khong vt Ca10Mg2Al4(SiO4)5 (Si2O7)(OH)4.
Thng mu nu, vng n lc, i khi cha st
v fluo, hay gp trong vi b bin cht tip
xc. n: idocrase, vesuvian.
vesuvite [16388] : vesuvit.
Tephrit cha nhiu leucit. Thut ng mang
tn vng Vesuvias, Italia.
veszelyite [16389] : veszelyit.
Khong vt mu lam pht lc:
(Cu,Zn)3PO4(OH)3.2H2O. n: arakawaite.
VHA basalt [16390] : basalt VHA.
Mt kiu Mt trng, basalt cao nhm. Tn
gi da vo thnh phn ha hc v cn c th
trn ln vi kiu khc.
vibetoite [16391] : vibetoit.
Pyroxenit hornblend-biotit ht ln cha
nhiu calcit, apatit. L sn phm bin i ca
siu mafic kim hoc l sn phm hn nhim
ca carbonatit vi silicat siu mafic. Thut
ng mang tn ca trang tri Vibeto, Na Uy.
vibrating plate compactor [16392] : thit b
m bn rung.
vibrating roller [16393] : con ln rung, dng
trong m t.
vibrating wire gauge [16394] : ng h o
vi nguyn tc dy rung.
vibrating wire sensors [16395] : cm bin
dy rung.
vibration [16396] : rung ng, dao ng.
vibration plane [16397] : mt phng dao
ng.
Trong quang hc l mt phng i qua phng
truyn v phng dao ng ca sng phn cc.
n: plane of polarization; plane of vibration.
Vibrio sp [16398] : Vibrio sp.
Mt nhm vi khun gram m, a kh, khng
hnh thnh bo t, rt ph bin trong nc mn,
trong c mt s loi gy bnh (nh V.
cholera, V. parahaemolyticus).
vibro flotation [16399] : m rung su gia
c t nn.
vicinal face [16400] : mt tip cn.
Mt tinh th hi lch mt bnh thng v gi
tr gc.
Vickers hardness test [16401] : php o
cng Vicker.
Php o sc khng ca kim loi hoc
khong vt bng mt mi kim cng hnh thp
n ln mt mi bng ca mu vi cc ti trng
khc nhau. Kt qu l mt hm s ca chiu di
trung bnh cc ng cho ca vt lm vi
ti trng.
Vicksburgian [16402] : Vicksburgi.
Bc Bc M. Oligocen (nm trn Jacksoni,
nm di Frio).
vicoite [16403] : vicoit.
phun tro gm leucit, sanidin natri,
plagioclas calci v augit. Washington, 1906 t
tn theo tn ni la Vieo, Italia.
Viena Convention [16404] : Cng c Vin.
x: convention for protection of the
ozone layer.
vigezzite [16405] : vigezit.
Khong vt. Thnh vin ca nhm aeshynit:
(Ca, Ce)(Nb, Ta, Ti)O6.
viitaniemite [16406] : vitaniemit.
Khong vt: Na(Ca, Mn)AlPO4 (F,OH)3.
vikingite [16407] : vikingit.
Khong vt: Ag5Pb8Bi13S30, thuc dy ng
ng lilianit.
villamaninite [16408] : vilamaninit.
Khong vt ng hng mu en thuc nhm
pyrit: (Cu, Ni, Co, Fe)(S, Se)2.
villiaumite [16409] : viliaumit.
Khong vt ng hng mu son n
khng mu NaF.
vimsite [16410] : vimsit.
Khong vt h n nghing: CaB2O2(OH)4.
vincentite [16411] : vincentit.
Khong vt: (Pd, Pt)3(As, Sb, Te).
vinogradovite [16412] : vinogradovit.
Khong vt mu trng n khng mu:
(Na,Ca,K)4Ti4 AlSi6O23.2H2O.
vintlite [16413] : vinlit.
xm nhp su va porphyrit gm cc ban
tinh labradorit hoc bitownit v hornblend trong
nn ht mn feldspar, hornblend, thch anh.
Pichler, 1875 t tn theo tn Vintl,
Tyrolean, Alps.
violaite [16414] : violait.
Khong vt: Ca(Mg,Fe)(SiO3)2 h n
nghing a sc mnh thuc nhm pyroxen.
violan [16415] : violan.
Diopsit dng khi, bn trong, mu lam n
tm lam cha MnO v Mn2O3.
n: violane.
violarite [16416] : violarit.
Khong vt mu xm tm thuc nhm linanit:
Ni2Fe S4.
675
 virgation [16417] : np un phn nhnh.
Chm cc np un (Suess, 1885, 1909), np
un r qut.
Virgilian [16418] : Virgili.
Lot a phng khu vc Bc M. Phn cao
nht ca Pensylvani (nm trn Missouri, nm
di Wolfcampi ca Permi).
virgin compression curve [16419] :
ng cong nn p nguyn sinh, nguyn
thy, s cp.
Virglorian [16420] : Virglori.
n: Anisian.
viridine [16421] : viridin.
Andalusit mu lc c cha Mn.
n: manganandalusite.
viridite [16422] : viridit.
1- Tn chung trc y dng cho cc sn
phm bin i mu xanh lc (nh clorit hay
serpentin) dng vy hoc si trong khi b ri
dng t ca porphyrit.
2- Clorit giu st ba.
virtual geomagnetic pole [16423] : cc a
t thc.
viscometer [16424] : dng c o nht.
n: viscosimeter.
viscometry [16425] : o nht.
n: viscosimetry.
viscosimeter [16426] : dng c o nht.
n: viscometer.
viscosimetry [16427] : o nht.
n: viscometry.
viscosity [16428] : nht.
Tnh cht ca mt cht lng hoc kh c kh
nng cn li s dch chuyn tng i gia cc tinh.
phn bn trong ca n do c s chnh lch vn
tc. nht c biu th bng h s nht.
n: coefficient of viscosity.
viscous lag [16429] : tr nht.
Visean [16430] : Vise.
Bc do Dupon xc lp nm 1882, theo tn
thnh ph Vise ca B, l bc ca thi a tng
quc t, bc gia ca Carbon h, nm trn
Tournais, nm di Numur.
viseite [16431] : viseit.
Khong vt:
NaCa5Al10(SiO4)3(PO4)5(OH)14.16H2O (?). N
c coi l zeolit v cu trc tng t analcim
nhng c mt s v tr trng trong mng (Al, Si,
P)O2 . Cng vit l: viseite.
vishnevite [16432] : vishnevit.
Cancrinit cha sunfat:
(Na,K,Ca)6-8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,CO3).nH2O; vi
n dao ng t 1-5.
vismirnovite [16433] : vismirnovit.
Khong vt: ZnSn(OH)6, thuc nhm
shoenfliesit.
visual inspection [16434] : kim tra bng mt,
quan st bng mt.
viterbite [16435] : viterbit.
1- phun tro gm ch yu l sanidin natri,
cc ban tinh ln leucit, mt t plagioclas calci,
augit, biotit, apatit v qung. Dt tn theo a
danh Viterbo, Italia.
2- (kv) Hn hp ca alophan v wavelit (?).
vitreous [16436] : thy tinh.
1- Thy tinh ni la; . Deleted: a.
2- Ha foraminifer c nh nh thy tinh. Deleted: b.
vitreous copper [16437] : ng thy tinh.
n: chalcocite. Deleted: (a)
vitreous luster [16438] : nh thy tinh.
Mt kiu nh ging thu tinh. V d: thch
anh c nh thy tinh.
vitreous silver [16439] : bc thu tinh. Deleted: (b)
n: argentite.
vitric [16440] : thy tinh.
Tnh t ch vt liu c ngun vn ni la
ton l thy tinh (trn 75%).
vitric tuff [16441] : tuf thy tinh.
vitrification [16442] : ha thy tinh. Formatted
vitroclastic [16443] : kin trc mnh vn thy
tinh. Formatted
Ni v kin trc ca mnh vn c c
trng bi cc mnh thy tinh b p v. Formatted
vitrophyre [16444] : vitrophyr (bn thy tinh).
magma c kin trc porphyr vi nn thy
Tt: vitrophyric. Ss: felsophyre; granophyre.
n: glass porphyry.
vitrophyric [16445] : vitrophyric.
1- Ni v magma kin trc porphyr c ban Deleted: a.
tinh ln v nn thy tinh. Ss: vitroporphyric.
2- Thut ng s dng ch kin trc porphyr Deleted: b.
ca magma c nn thy tinh d nhn thy. Deleted: thnh
vitrophyride [16446] : vitrophyrid. Deleted: . B
Thy tinh ni la kin trc porphyr.
Deleted: (
vitusite [16447] : vitusit.
Deleted: )
Khong vt: Na3(Ce,La)(PO4)2. Cu trc ca
n c th ging vi aphthitalit, mervinit v
bredigit.
vivianite [16448] : vivianit.
Khong vt: Fe3(PO4)28H2O, khng mu, lam
hoc lc khi cha b bin i nhng tr thnh ti
mu khi b chiu sng, c gp dng tinh th
h n nghing, khi si, hoc t trong qung
676
ng, thic, st, trong st, qung st than bn
m ly. Vivianit lng hnh vi metavivianit.
n: blue iron earth, blue ocher.
vladimirite [16449] : vladimirit.
Khong vt: Ca5H2(AsO4)4.5H2 O.
vlasovite [16450] : vlasovit.
Khong vt h n nghing khng mu:
Na2ZrSi4O11.
vogesite [16451] : vogesit.
lamprophyr gm c ban tinh hornblend
nm trn nn vi tinh gm c feldspar kim v
hornblend. Clinopyroxen, olivin v plagioclas
cng c mt. Vogesit cha t biotit hn minet.
Tn do Rosenbusch t nm 1887, xut x t
dy ni Vosges, Php.
voglite [16452] : voglit.
Khong vt mu lc c sng n lc
emerald: Ca2Cu(UO2)(CO3)4. 6H2O(?).
void [16453] : l rng trong t, .
void ratio [16454] : t s rng.
Ch s rng ca t, t s gia th tch l
rng v th tch ht t.
volatile [16455] : bay hi.
Cht d bay hi.
volatile component [16456] : thnh phn bay
hi, hp phn kh.
Vt liu trong magma nh nc hoc dioxid
carbon m p sut kh ca chng cao
chng tp trung trong mt pha kh no .
n: fugitive constituent.
volatile flux [16457] : cht bc.
volborthite [16458] : volborthit.
Khong vt mu lc n vng:
Cu3(VO4)23H2O. N c th cha mt t calci
v bari, l qung chnh ca vanadi. n: uzbekite.
volcan [16459] : ni la.
Thnh phn ca v Tri t cu thnh bi cc
ni la v cc c su va.
volcanello [16460] : nn ni la.
Nn ni la nh hot ng trong ming trung
tm ca ni la. V d: Mount Nuevo
Vesuvius.
volcanic [16461] : thuc v ni la.
Thuc v nhng hot ng, kin trc hoc
cc kiu ca ni la. n: extrusive.
volcanic accident [16462] : tai ha ni la.
Bng n ni la t ngt sau mt thi ngng
ngh b bc mn.
volcanic agglomerate [16463] : aglomerat
ni la.
Tp hp b ri, khng chn lc ca nhng
mnh vn ni la th. Kch thc ca cc mnh
vn t 30 n 200mm, c thnh to do hot
ng bng n ca ni la.
volcanic arc [16464] : vng cung ni la.
ai ng vng, cung chnh ca nhng ni
la trn vng ht chm, cc ni la, xm
nhp thnh to y.
n: island arc; magmatic arc.
volcanic arenite [16465] : arenit ni la.
Tn c dng ch arenit, ch yu gm
c vn ni la c thnh phn thch anh thp.
Thng thng nm cng vi cc trm tch
tam v Mesozoi pht trin Thi Bnh Dng.
Tn cn dng ch arenit gm c vn ni
la c hp phn st, phn hng tt v bo trn;
m t chi tit c th dng "basalt-
arenit","andezit-arenit".
volcanic ash [16466] : tro ni la.
Tro ni la l nhng vt liu b ri ging
nh bi hoc ct, gm magma, cc thnh
knh dn b p nh ra do hot ng bng n
ca ni la. Tro mn nht c th lu li trong
khng gian nhiu ngy v bay theo gi ra khi
trung tm ni la hng ngn km. Ngc li, ct
lun lun ri gn ngoi vi ca trung tm phun
tro. Tro thy tinh ti c mu trng, ngay c
tro thy tinh bas, nhng ngay lp tc tr nn
sm mu, mu do oxy ho st ho tr hai
(Fe+2) khi phong ho.
volcanic ball [16467] : cu ni la.
volcanic blowpiping [16468] : pip ni la, Deleted: vi
ng ni la.
volcanic bomb [16469] : bom ni la.
volcanic breccia [16470] : dm ni la.
1- vn ni la cha cc mnh gc cnh Deleted: a.
ln hn 64mm ng knh v c th c gn
kt trong nn xi mng. Ss: agglomerate.
2- cha nhng mnh khng c ngun ni Deleted: b.
la nhng li nm trong nn tro ni la.
volcanic butte [16471] : g ni la (chm
ni la).
Mt i c lp hoc ni do phong ha hoc
bo mn lm l ra hng ni la hoc xm nhp
magma thng ng vo trong cc mm nm
trn.
volcanic center [16472] : trung tm ni la. Deleted: b.
V tr, ch, hot ng ni la ang xy
ra hoc xy ra trong qu kh.
volcanic chain [16473] : chui, dy ni la.
Nhiu ni la sp xp dng ng ca mt s
ni la, cng sinh cht ch vi mt s yu t a
cht khng ch nh t gy.
volcanic cloud [16474] : m my ni la.
677
 m my ca kh ni la vi tro v cc mnh
vn, c thnh to do hot ng bng n ca
ni la. n: explosion cloud.
volcanic cluster [16475] : cm, chm ni la.
Nhm cc ming ni la sp xp hng mt
ct ngang r rng.
volcanic conduit [16476] : hng ni la, knh
dn ni la.
Knh dn t vt liu di su c mang
ln mt t.
volcanic cone [16477] : chp nn ni la.
i hnh nn ca lava hoc mnh vn hnh
thnh xung quanh ming ni la. n: cone.
volcanic conglomerate [16478] : cui kt
ni la.
trm tch cui kt cha trn 50% vt liu
ni la.
volcanic cycle [16479] : chu k ni la.
volcanic debris [16480] : vn ni la.
volcanic dome [16481] : vm ni la.
S tro ra t ni la lava c nht cao.
dng khi trn, sn dc, to thnh vm hoc
khi phng ca lava cng li trn v xung
quanh ming ni la. Nhng phn ca lava c
c nng l do p lc ca lava mi nng ln t
bn di. Cu trc pht trin ch yu phn bn
trong ca ni la hoc trn sn ca ni la ln
v thng b nt n, dm kt. n: bulbous
dome; dome volcano; tholoid; dome; cumulo
dome; cumulo volcano.
volcanic earthquake [16482] : ng t do
ni la.
ng t do ni la hot ng hn l do lc
kin to.
volcanic field [16483] : trng ni la, vng
hot ng ni la.
volcanic flow drain [16484] : dng ni la;
mng, rnh dng ni la.
volcanic foam [16485] : bn ni la, bt
ni la.
volcanic focus [16486] : tm ni la.
volcanic gases [16487] : hi, kh ni la.
Cht bay hi sn sinh trong qu trnh phun
tro ca la, m trc b ha tan trong
magma. Hi nc chim khong 90% kh, cc
thnh phn khc c kh carbon, c bit l
dioxid carbon, kh sulfur, c bit l dioxid
sulfur nhit cao v sulfid hydrogen nhit
thp; clorit hydrogen, nitrogen nh l mt
nguyn t t do v cc kh khc
(Krauskopf, 1967).
volcanic glass [16488] : thy tinh ni la.
Sn phm v nh hnh ca lava ngui lnh
nhanh. Ty theo thnh phn, hm lng nc
hoc c im kin trc, thy tinh ni la c cc
tn nh: obsidian, bt, tachilit, hialo-
melan, perlit.
volcanic graben [16489] : a ho ni la.
volcanic gravel [16490] : sn ni la. Deleted: .
Mnh vn ni la b ri. Cc mnh vn c
kch thc t 2 n 10mm. Thnh phn v iu
kin thnh to sn ni la ging nh lapilli.
volcanic island [16491] : o ni la.
c to nn mt cch y , l ra trn mt
bin. n: island volcano.
volcanicity [16492] : hot ng ni la.
volcaniclastic [16493] : vn ni la.
volcanic mud [16494] : bn ni la.
Hn hp cha nc v tro ni la hoc va
mi phun tro v nng hoc va mi ngui lnh.
Hn hp c th thnh dng chy xung sn
ca ni la.
volcanic pisolite [16495] : vn ni la (pisolit,
ht u) ni la.
volcanic plain [16496] : ng bng, bnh
nguyn ni la.
B mt c hnh thnh bi cc dng dung
nham, dng tro rng ph trn a hnh
khng u.
volcanic province [16497] : tnh ni la.
Tnh thch hc m cc magma thy
c l cc ni la.
volcanic rain [16498] : ma ni la.
volcanic rent [16499] : khe nt ni la.
Min vng ni la ln c bao bc (gii
hn) bi cc khe nt thng l ng tm c
thnh to do p lc ca xm nhp magma, hoc
do qu ti trng ca vt liu trn nn yu.
volcanic rift zone [16500] : i rift ni la,
i tch gin sinh phun tro.
volcanic rock [16501] : ni la.
1- magma thy tinh hay kt tinh do hot Deleted: a.
ng ni la trn b mt Tri t hoc do phun
n, phun tro dung nham; v d: basalt. Thut
ng cn bao hm cc xm nhp gn b mt to
thnh mt b phn ca cu trc ni la (c lin
quan vi cu trc ni la).
2- Tn ch cc phun tro lin quan vi Deleted: b.
cc xm nhp nng, thnh phn u th l
mafic. Ss: neptunic ( thnh to bin),
plutonic ( xm nhp).
volcanic rubble [16502] : vn ni la, dm
ni la, vn.
Tng ng dm kt ni la khng cng
678
rn. n: volcanic debris.
volcanic shield [16503] : khin ni la.
volcanic sink [16504] : trng ni la.
n: sink.
volcanic wacke [16505] : huyn ni la.
Thut ng ny s dng cho huyn gm
ch yu vn c ngun gc t cc ni la
trung tnh (andesit) v basic (basalt) v c hm
lng thch anh thp. Chng thng gp trong
trm tch tam v Mesozoi, tch t trong cc
ai to ni b bin Thi Bnh Dng.
volcanic water [16506] : nc ni la, nc
magma.
Nc trong hay chy ra t magma, ln
mt t hoc gn mt t.
volcanism [16507] : hot ng ni la.
Qu trnh magma v kh i cng xuyn vo
trong v v tro ra ngoi mt t v kh quyn.
Cn vit l vulcanism. n: volcalnicity.
volcanism [16508] : hot ng ni la.
L cc qu trnh lm cho magma v cc kh
i cng chui ln v v phun tro ra b mt Tri
t v vo khng kh.
volcanist [16509] : nh ni la hc.
volcanite [16510] : volcanit, ni la.
1-(kv) Tn c ch khong vt, c dng nh
t ng ngha cho pyroxen v bin th ca lu
hunh cha t hn 1% selen.
2-(th) phun tro ch yu gm c ban tinh
anorthoclas, andesin v augit nm trong nn
thy tinh cha vi tinh feldspar v augit. Tn xut
x t Volcano, o Lipari. Tn c.
volcanogenic [16511] : ngun ni la.
c thnh to bi qu trnh lin quan trc
tip vi hot ng ni la; c bit ni v m
khong (sulfua dng khi, thnh h st phn
gii) c lin quan ngun gc vi hot ng
ni la.
volcano karst [16512] : karst ni la.
Lnh th c cc vt liu ni la sch c
phun ln, b bo mn do nc to ra cc dng vi
a hnh ging nh karst trong vi.
volcanologist [16513] : nh ni la hc.
Ngi lm cng tc khoa hc, nghin cu
su v hot ng ni la.
volcanology [16514] : ni la hc.
Khoa hc chuyn nghin cu hot ng
ni la.
volcano shoreline [16515] : ng dng b
ni la.
ng b c dng trn, dc hnh thnh ni
cc vt liu vn ni la hoc cc dng lava xut
hin b bin hoc ni ni la hot ng nh
ln trn mt nc, to nn nn ni la hng ln
hoc hng ra ngoi b tip tc b sung cho cc
vt liu phun ra trc .
volcano shortline [16516] : ng b ni la.
ng b bin un hu nh vng trn, dc
ng, quan st thy nhiu vn ni la hay
dng dung nham, hoc c khi l do hot ng
ni la phun ra trn b mt to nn nn pht
trin, pha trn hay pha ngoi b, b sung cho
vt liu phun trc.
volcano tectonic depression [16517] : trng
ni la.
St trng ni la-kin to. Mt st trng c
kch thc rng ln, thng dng tuyn tnh m
b khng ch bi c cc qu trnh kin to v ni
la, c th l mt phn trong ai ni la (nh
ai ni la ng ).
volhynite [16518] : volhynit.
kersatit cha thch anh, gm c cc ban
tinh plagioclas, hornblend, biotit nm trong nn
vi tinh gm c thch anh, feldspar v giu clorit.
Tn xut x t Volhynia, Nga. Tn c
khng dng.
volkonskoite [16519] : volkonskoit.
Khong vt st cha crm mu lc pht lam:
smectit tm mt i vi crom l cation tm mt
ho tr 3. n: volchonskoite; wolchonskoite.
volkovskite [16520] : volkovskit.
Khong vt: (Ca,Sr)B6O10.3H2O.
voltaite [16521] : voltait.
Khong vt mu lc xn n nu hoc en:
K2Fe+25Fe4+3(SO4)12.18H2O(?).
voltzite [16522] : voltzite.
Vt liu mu pht vng hoc pht bao
gm wurtzit vi hp cht kim loi km.
volume, influence on pillar strength [16523]:
Th tch, nh hng ca th tch ti sc bn
ca tr (m).
volumetric [16524] : thuc v th tch.
volumetric extraction ratio [16525] :
T s th tch v mc khai thc, thu
hi qung.
volumetric strain [16526]: bin dng th tch.
L s thay i thc v th tch (mu vt) do
cht ti. Cng nh cc bin dng thnh phn nh
bin dng dc trc, bin dng theo chu vi mu,
bin dng bn, hng tm (to tia), bin dng
th tch cng bao gm thnh phn n hi v
thnh phn vnh cu. Bin dng th tch c th
c tnh theo cng thc: v=((V1-V0)/V0).100%.
679
Ngoi ra, c th cn tnh c nh l tng i s
ca cc bin dng bn v bin dng dc trc.
volynskite [16527] : volynskit.
Khong vt: AgBiTe2.
von Wolff's classification [16528] : phn loi
Wolff.
Phn loi magma theo thnh phn ha
hc-khong vt.
vorobievite [16529] : vorobievit.
Ngc beryl cha xezi mu hng, ta
hoc pht hng, c th cha mt lng kh r
natri v cc kim loi kim khc. n: morganite;
rosterite; worobieffite; vorobyevite.
vortex current [16530] : dng xoy (ca
nc, kh).
n: eddy.
vozhminite [16531] : vozhminit.
Khong vt: (Ni,Co)4(As,Sb)S2.
vrbaite [16532] : vrbait.
Khong vt h trc thoi mu en xm n
ti: Tl4Hg3Sb2 As8S20.
V shaped valley [16533] : thung lng dng
ch V.
Thung lng dng ch V, c sn dc v cc
dng nhnh ngn, c bit l thung lng tr hp
do dng chy ct su xung.
n: V-valley.
V terrace [16534] : thm dng ch V.
Thm hnh tam gic, hnh thnh trong mt
cung di, hp ca h c. Thm c mt sn tip
xc vi b bng phng v nh gc i din v
pha nc thong.
vuagnatite [16535] : vuagnatit.
Khong vt h trc thoi: CaAl(SiO4)(OH).
vulcanian type eruption [16536] : phun tro
kiu vulcanian.
Kiu ni la c trng bi phun n c cc vt
liu dung nham mi thng nng sng khi ri
khi ming ni la, nhng kt cng hoc do,
c trn xc nh khi bay trong khng kh.
vulcanite [16537] : vulcanit.
Khong vt h trc thoi: CuTe.
vulpinite [16538] : vulpinit.
Anhydrit dng vy, ht, mu trng pht xm,
i khi cha hn hp ca silic.
vulsinite [16539] : vulsinit.
Trachyt, thnh phn ch yu gm feldspar
kim, plagioclas calci v augit, nhng khng c Deleted: chy xon
feldspathoid. Thut ng mang tn vng Vulsinii,
Italia. Tn c qu khng cn dng. Formatted
vuonnemite [16540] : vuonemit.
Khong vt h ba nghing:
Na4TiNb2Si4O17.2Na3PO4.
vuorelainenite [16541] : vuorelainenit.
Khong vt nhm spinel: MnV2O4, cha
vanadi tng t mangancromit v cha mangan
tng t coulsonit.
vyacheslavite [16542] : vyacheslavit.
Khong vt: U+4(PO4)(OH).nH2O.
vysotskite [16543] : vysotskit.
Khong vt h bn phng: (Pd, Ni)S.
vyuntspakhite [16544] : vyuntspakhit.
Khong vt: Y4Al2AlSi5O18(OH)5.
680
 Waalian [16545] : Waali.
W
Bc kh hu a tng v thc vt chu u.
Pleistocen h (nm trn Eburon, nm di
Menap), tng ng v thi gian vi gian bng
Donau/Gnz.
wacke [16546] : wack.
1- Loi ct kt a khong c thnh phn bao
gm cc ht vn khong vt v mnh gc
cnh vi la chn km, hm lng nn cao
c thnh phn st v bt mn.
2- Chuyn t thng c dng vit tt
cho graywacke.
3- Ban u, thut ng ny c s dng
ch mt bin th dng t, mm b ca basalt
hoc m ch tn d dng st mu en pht
nu, lc pht xm do basalt, tuf basalt v cc
magma lin quan b phong ha ti ch.
n: vake.
wackestone [16547] : wack.
Loi trm tch carbonat c thnh phn ch
yu l bn vi cha trn 10% ht vi kch thc
ln hn 20 .
wad [16548] : wad, st xm vng, oxid Fe-Mn.
1- Thc th khong vt mu nu ti n en,
dng t, ch yu gm hn hp ca oxid
mangan vi cc oxid khc vi hm lng thay
i (v d ng, coban, silic) v 10-20% nc,
thng rt mm, lm bn tay nhng i khi
cng rn, chc, t trng thp. Wad thng gp
trong p, ti nhng vng ly li, nh l sn
phm phn hy ca cc khong vt mangan.
Ss: psilomelane. n: bog manganese; black
ocher; earthy manganese.
2- Tn chung cho oxid ngm nc ca
mangan (hoc ca mangan v cc kim loi khc)
m bn cht thc s khng r rng hoc thnh
phn thay i khng c nh trong t nht c
mt vi cht l v nh hnh.
3- Thut ng ting Anh a phng
ch graphit.
wadeite [16549] : wadeit.
Khong vt: K2CaZr(SiO3)4.
wadsleyite [16550] : wadsleyit.
Khong vt, v bn cht tng ng vi -
(Mg, Fe)2 SiO4: (Mg, Fe)2SiO4.
wagnerite [16551] : wagnerit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu vng, ,
hoc pht lc: Mg2(PO4)F. C th cha st 2
v calci.
wairakite [16552] : wairakit.
Khong vt zeolit: CaAl2Si4O12.2H2O, ng
cu trc vi analcim.
wairauite [16553] : wairauit.
Khong vt: CoFe.
wakabayashilite [16554] : wakabayashilit.
Khong vt h n nghing: (As,Sb)11S18.
wake dune [16555] : n vt di theo Formatted
hng gi.
n ct hnh thnh trn sn khut gi ca
mt n ln hn v ko thnh vt di theo
hng gi.
wakefieldite [16556] : wakefieldite.
Khong vt: YVO4. Deleted: (a)
walchowite [16557] : walchowit.
Retinit c mu vng mt ong cha mt t nit
tm thy trong than nu Walchow, Moravia,
Czechoslovakia.
walentaite [16558] : walentait.
Khong vt:
H4(Ca,Mn,Fe)4Fe+312(AsO4)10(PO4)6.28H2.
wall [16559] : vch (tng) t gy ; thnh,
thnh v. Deleted: (b)
(cs) Lp ngoi bao ly cc phn trong ca
mt ng vt khng xng sng, v d v ngoi
ca Chn u.
walled lake [16560] : h c g.
H c vin dc b bng g dng tng hp Deleted: (c)
681
gm cc vt liu b ri.
walled plain [16561] : ming ni la trn Mt
trng rng, y bng.
n: cirque.
wall friction (angle) [16562] : gc ma st gia
t v tng chn.
Gc ma st gia cu trc tng chn (kiu
th nhm) vi t cn tr lc bi cu trc .
Dng trong thit k tng chn v tnh ti trng
t ln theo phng php th ca
Cunall. Trong tnh ton theo l thuyt Rankine,
gc ma st ny b b qua v gi thit l tng
nhn hon ton, khng to nn lc ma st
vi t.
wallisite [16563] : walisit.
Khong vt: PbTl(Cu,Ag)As2S5.
wallow [16564] : vng nc bn.
Ch trng trn mt t, thng c lp y
t v bn.
wall rock [16565] : vch t gy.
L khi cu thnh vch (tng) t gy,
thng vch do t gy chia ct, mt t gy
dng ng.
walpurgite [16566] : walpurgit.
Khong vt mu vng n da cam vng:
(BiO)4(UO2)(AsO4)2.3H2O. n: waltherite.
walstromite [16567] : walstromit.
Khong vt: BaCa2Si3O9.
waltherite [16568] : waltherit.
Khong vt, trc y c coi l carbonat
bismuth, ngy nay c xc nh l walpurgit.
wandering dune [16569] : n ct di ng.
n ct trn chm chp theo hng gi
thng tr do lp ph thc vt ngho nn khng
neo n li c.
wandering water [16570] : nc b treo.
n: vadose water.
war environment crime [16571] : ti phm
chin tranh mi trng.
Ti gy chin tranh hy dit sinh linh v mi
trng bng cc loi v kh git ngi hng lot
mt cch d man tn khc nh v kh nguyn t,
ha hc, vi trng,... trit h lng mc, th, cc
c s kinh t-x hi; tiu hy, cng ot cc di
sn vn ha; ph hoi cc nh my ht nhn,
ha hc, kho nhin liu nhm gy nhim
khng kh, t ai, ngun nc; ph v p
gy l lt, v.v.
wardite [16572] : wardit.
Khong vt mu lc lam sng:
NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4.2H2O.
wardsmithite [16573] : warsmithit.
Khong vt: Ca5MgB24O42.30H2O.
warikanite [16574] : warikanit.
Khong vt: Zn3(AsO4).2H2O.
warp [16575] : on.
L s on hoc un cong nh ca v Tri t
ln pha trn hoc xung pha di.
warped fault [16576] : t gy on. Deleted: L mt t gy, thng l t
gy chm nghch, m c km theo s un
L mt t gy, thng l t gy chm np yu
nghch, m c km theo s un np yu.
warping [16577] : on, un cong. Deleted: S on hoc un cong nh ca
v Tri t trn phm vi rng hoc khu
S on hoc un cong nh ca v Tri t vc hoc ln pha trn hoc xung pha
trn phm vi rng hoc khu vc hoc ln pha di
trn hoc xung pha di.
warpland [16578] : t vng.
Vng t thp c tng thm bi qu trnh
lm vng ln.
warvickite [16579] : warvickit.
Khong vt h trc thoi mu nu ti n en
xn: (Mg,Ti,Fe+3,Al)2(BO3)O. Deleted: .
Wasatchian [16580] : Wasatchi.
Bc Bc M. Creta thng v h (nm trn
Fredericksburgi, nm di Woodbin).
wash [16581]: ra la, bo mn thy lc (t).
1- Khonh t b ra la v xen k b ph v
khng b ph bi bin hoc sng.
2- Phn t, cn ca sng, ca sng ming
phu hoc ca nhnh bin.
3- Bi ly.
4- Hiu qu xi mn ca sng.
5- S mang t i ca nc chy nh trong
qu trnh xi mn u lp mt.
6- t b bo mn thy lc.
wash boring [16582] : khoan vi bm nc
tun hon.
wash cone [16583] : nn ra la.
n: outwash cone.
washing classifier [16584] : my ra
tch qung.
washland [16585] : t ra la.
Vng t thp c vin theo sng hoc ca
sng ming phu, thng l mt phn ca bi
bi t nhin. Trn vng t ny nc l c
cho trn nh k khng ch mc nc cao
trong sng.
washout [16586] : xi l.
1- Xi l mang i vt liu t do l t ngt Deleted: vt liu c tch t do xi
v ma ln tp trung, thng lm tng cng ra trn, qu trnh to s xi trn. c bit l
xi v sp l b. delta nh c hnh thnh trn b pha
trong ca ct hoc ct chn tch
2- Ni c ng b v ng st b xi trn m ph khi bin khi , c to ra do
do l a phng. sng bo v ra trn phn thp ca ,
chn v tch t trm tch trong m ph
washover [16587] : xi trn. (vng)
682
 Vt liu c tch t do xi trn, qu trnh
to s xi trn. c bit l delta nh c hnh
thnh trn b pha trong ca ct hoc ct
chn tch m ph khi bin khi, c to ra
do sng bo v ra trn phn thp ca , chn
v tch t trm tch trong m ph (vng).
washover fan [16588] : qut xi trn.
Th tch t ct dng qut do ct chn b
xi trn trong bo. n: sashover apron.
wash pipe [16589] : ng bm nc.
wash plain [16590] : ng bng ra la.
ng bng aluvi gm aluvi ht th.
n: outwash plain.
wash sample [16591] : mu ly bng nc
tun hon.
wash slope [16592] : sn ra tri.
Sn thp thoi ca i nm chn vch
ng hoc mt dc thng b ph bi tch t
sn tch. Sn ra tri thng km dc hn so
vi sn trng lc cao hn v thng bao gm
cc qut aluvi v pediment.
n: haldenhang, basal slope.
wash water [16593] : nc bm.
wastage [16594] : thut ng chung cho qu
trnh bc mn b mt Tri t.
waste [16595] : cht thi (ph thi).
Nhng cht ph b th rn, lng, kh m c
th ng vt hoc h thng sinh ra chng khng
cn s dng c na, cn thi b. Nhng cht
trn thng lm nhim mi trng do cha
nhng cht c hi, vi trng gy bnh, v.v.
waste bin [16596] : thng cha cht thi.
waste disposal [16597] : loi b cht thi.
Vic cht ng, che ph, chn lp cc cht
thi nhm lm sch mi trng.
waste dumps [16598] : bi thi.
waste injection well [16599] : l khoan p
nc thi.
L khoan (ging) c dng bm p nc
thi vo lng t. n: deep-well disposal.
waste plain [16600] : cnh ng thi.
n: alluvial plain, bajada.
waste rock [16601] : thi.
waste water [16602] : nc thi.
n: sewage.
water [16603] : nc; trng nc.
T t dng ch mu v tinh khit ca
qu hoc ngc trai, c bit cho kim cng.
Ss: river.
water agate [16604] : m no nc.
n: enhydros.
water balance [16605] : cn bng nc.
n: hydrologic budget.
water bearing [16606] : cha nc.
water bearing bed [16607] : lp cha nc.
water bearing formation [16608] : thnh h
cha nc.
Thnh h t c kh nng cha nc. n:
water bearing bed; water bearing deposit. Deleted: le
water bloom [16609] : i mu nc.
S pht trin tp trung trong nc ca cc
loi to lm thay i mu nc ti .
water break [16610] : mt nc gy khc.
Ch mt nc ca dng sui b gy khc do
s gy khc ca y sui.
water budget [16611] : kim k nc.
n: hydrologic budget.
water capacity [16612] : kh nng cha nc.
Lng nc ti a m t c th gi li. Deleted: hoc
water color [16613] : mu nc bin.
Mu ca mt nc bin. Cc vt liu, cht
hu c, cht ha tan trong nc c th nh
hng ln mu ca nc bin.
water column [16614] : su ca nc.
n: depth.
water conservation [16615] : bo v nc.
S p dng cc bin php gi gn ngun nc
khi b cn kit, nhim. n: water protection.
water content [16616] : m, hm lng
nc trong t.
1- T s gia trng lng ca nc trong l
hng vi trng lng ht t. Deleted: r
2- Lng nc cha trong cc trm tch b Deleted: v
ri hay cc trm tch.
watercourse [16617] : lng dn nc.
Knh dn nc t nhin c ranh gii r rng
c to thnh hon ton hay mt phn bi cc
dng chy xc nh lin tc hoc gin on.
water creep [16618] : nc thm lu.
1- Nc t h cha thm vng qua vai p
hay di chn p.
2- Nc t sng thm chui di chn vo
pha b.
water crop [16619] : lng nc thot.
n: water yield.
water cupola [16620] : vm nc bin. Deleted: dng
Hin tng mt nc bin dng cao thnh Deleted: di dng
vm do ni la di y bin phun tro. Deleted: hnh
water cycle [16621] : vng tun hon nc.
n: hydrological cycle.
water drive [16622] : nng lng va.
Nng lng trong cc va du hay gas c
c do p sut thy tnh hoc p sut thy
ng truyn ti t cc tng cha nc
683
chung quanh.
watereye [16623] : mt nc.
Trng nng nh, c hnh thnh do phong
ha ha hc kt tinh.
waterfall [16624] : thc nc.
Nc ri thng ng ni n ct qua
cng chc nh ra trn mm, mm b xi
mn. Dng chy chy trn trn ra cao nguyn
hoc b bin vch ng. n: fall.
waterfall lake [16625] : h thc nc.
H do thc nc xi to thnh.
n: flunge pool.
waterfinder [16626] : dng c pht hin nc.
n: dowser. divining rod, witching stick.
water fit [16627] : ca sng (thut ng
Scotland).
n: water flooding.
waterflood [16628] : nc l.
Lng nc ln c hnh thnh nhanh sau
nhng trn ma vng i ni c kh nng gy
ng ngp cc b hoc to thnh dng chy c
tc cao.
water flooding [16629] : trn nc.
Hin tng th cp, xy ra khi nc thm
nhp vo bn cha du gy ra p lc b sung
khin du chy vo cc ging khoan.
water fountain [16630] : vm nc bin.
n: water cupola.
water gap [16631] : khe nc.
Hm su trong dy ni c dng sui chy.
water gauge (tide) [16632] : thc, ng h
o mc nc (bin).
waterhead [16633] : thng ngun nc.
water-holding capacity [16634] : kh nng
gi nc.
waterhole [16635] : h nc t nhin, ch
trng cha nc; sui trong sa mc; h,
vng nc.
Nc chy tp trung ti mt v tr trng so
vi xung quanh.
water horizon [16636] : tng cha nc.
n: aquifer.
water humus [16637] : mn, t mn.
t mn c to thnh t cc trm tch hu
c bao gm c thc vt v ng vt ti cc sng,
h, bin.
watering [16638] : ti nc.
water inrush [16639] : s bc nc.
Hin tng bc v nc bt thnh lnh vo
cng trnh khai thc m vi khi lng ln, lm
trn ngp ton b hm l, gy thit hi ln, c
khi cht ngi. Nguyn nhn c th do khi khai
l chm ti tng t sng nc hoc do nc
mt ngm xung thng qua nhng ca s a
cht thy vn sau nhng trn ma ln. Nc
cng c th bc t y l ln khi o thng mi
cch nc ph trn tng cha nc c p nm
bn di, v.v.
water laid [16640] : lng, trm tch.
S trm tch trong hoc do nc.
water level [16641] : mc nc (trong ging,
sng h, bin,...); ng thy chun. Deleted: mc nc [ngm]; dng c
dng o mc nc
Dng c xc nh bng phng ca mt b
mt nm ngang, thng l mt ci ng cong
hnh ch U c ng nc. Mt phng c nhn Deleted: ngi tm ngun nc, dng
c tm nc
bit bng cch so snh mc nc hai nhnh
ng theo nguyn tc bnh thng y. Formatted
water leveling [16642] : o mc nc; nh Formatted
du ngn nc.
Vic nh du ngn nc ti mt mc no
bit dng h mc nc mt thi im
nht nh (nh ngn nc l, ngn thy triu,...).
waterline [16643] : ng b bin, ng b
h; mt nc di t.
Ranh gii tip xc gia bin, h v t lin.
ng ranh gii (nc) phn bit.
water logged [16644] : bo ha nc.
water mass [16645] : khi nc.
Khi nc bin c nhit v mn nm
trong mt khong nht nh, c xc nh bng
th biu th mi quan h nhit v mn.
water of compaction [16646] : nc p. Deleted: ni
n: rejuvenated water. Deleted: qua cc
water of crystallization [16647] : nc Deleted: qua
kt tinh.
Nc phn t trong cu trc tinh th, c lin
kt ho hc, nhng c th c gii phng khi
nung. V d trong thch cao: CaSO4.2H2O. Deleted: 1-
water of dehydration [16648] : nc kh.
1- Nc khng tham gia trng thi lin kt Deleted:
2- Sui trong sa mc
ho hc. Ss: water of crystallization. 3- H, vng nc
2- Nc c tch ra t hp cht ho hc
ca n.
water of hydration [16649] : nc thy ho, Formatted
nc thy hp.
1- Nc tham gia vo hp cht ho hc do
qu trnh thy ho.
2- Nc c lin kt ha hc khi trng thi
kt tinh to ra cht ngm nc, nhng c th
c gii phng khi nung.
water of imbibition [16650] : nc tm t.
1-Nc ma, nc mt t trn ngm xung,
tm t t trong i thng kh, lm tng
m ca chng nhng cha to thnh
684
dng chy.
2-Nc tn ti trong i bo ha, trn ngp
ton b t ca tng cha nc.
water of retention [16651] : nc tn ng.
Phn nc khe nt cn li trong cc khe nt
di tc dng ca p sut mao dn.
water of saturation [16652] : nc bo ha.
Lng nc c hp th bi cc vt liu
cha nc m khng lm tng th tch ca cc
vt liu .
water of super saturation [16653] : lng
nc d.
Lng nc vt qu mc cn thit
bo ha.
water opal [16654] : opal nc.
Opal qu trong sut. n: hyalite.
water pocket [16655] : ti nc.
Trng nh dng bt trn b mt gc ni
nc c th tp trung, c bit h nc trn
mng ca dng gin on hnh thnh chn
vch ng do hot ng ca nc ri trong giai
on l. n: tinaja.
waterpower [16656] : nng lng nc.
Nng lng c c do s chuyn ng ca
nc trc tip sinh cng trong my, v d nc
lm quay bnh xe nc. Hin nay nng lng
nc ch yu dng pht in.
water protection [16657] : bo v nc.
n: water conservation.
water quality [16658] : cht lng nc.
water quality standards [16659] : tiu chun
cht lng nc.
Nhng tiu chun quc gia hay quc t v
cc ch tiu vt l, thnh phn ha hc, vi sinh,
c tnh k thut,... m mt ngun nc phi t
khi s dng vo mt mc ch c th no
(cp nc sinh hot v cng ngh, ch bin thc
phm, cha bnh, chn nui, ti cy,v.v.) nhm
bo m tnh thch dng v an ton sinh thi.
water race [16660]:knh, sui, lng dn nc.
n: water course.
water regimen [16661] : ch nc.
water reserve [16662] : tr lng nc.
Phn ti nguyn nc c iu tra nh
gi, phn cp theo tiu ch quc gia hay quc t,
c th s dng vo cc mc tiu kinh t dn sinh
mc khc nhau.
water resources [16663] : ti nguyn nc.
Tng lng nc bao gm c nc ma,
nc mt, nc di t trong mt vng, khu
vc hay ton lnh th to nn vn ti nguyn
quc gia.
water resources assessment [16664] : nh
gi ti nguyn nc.
Vic iu tra, nh gi v lng cng nh v
cht cc ngun nc (nc ma, nc mt, nc
di t) c trong mt vng, mt khu vc hay
mt quc gia nhm quy hoch, khai thc s
dng, qun l, bo v chng.
water resources region [16665] : lu vc
tiu nc. Deleted: c s
Lu vc tiu nc t nhin ca mt hoc mt
nhm sng.
water sapphire [16666] : saphir nc.
1- Saphir mu lam sng . Deleted: (a)
2- Cordierit mu lam m gp trong cc cui Deleted: (b)
b nc bo mn ven sng ( Srilanca), i khi
c dng lm ngc. n: Saphir deau. Deleted: (a)
3- Ch cc cui b nc bo mn ca topaz, Deleted: (c)
thch anh v mt s khong vt khc Srilanca.
watershed [16667] : ng phn thy; lu vc
sng; khu vc thot nc.
watershed area [16668] : lu vc sng.
Lu vc sng nm pha trn im o
lu lng.
watershed leakage [16669] : thm xuyn
lu vc.
Dng thm hay dng chy t mt lu vc
tiu nc ny sang lu vc tiu nc ln cn hay
trc tip ra bin.
watershed line [16670] : ng phn thy.
watershed management [16671] : qun l
lu vc.
Ton b cng vic qun l ngun nc trong
phm vi mt lu vc sng, sui, h, nc di
t, nhm mc ch khai thc, s dng hp l v
bo v c hiu qu ti nguyn nc.
watersmeet [16672] : ng ba sui.
Ni gp nhau ca hai dng sui.
water spreading [16673] : lan trn ca
dng nc.
S lan trn ca dng nc trong khu vc tiu
nc t nhin hoc nhn to.
water stone [16674] : nc.
Tn khong vt c dng ch mt
trng, hyalit, enhydros v jad.
water supply [16675] : cung cp nc.
water system [16676] : h thng nc.
1- H thng sng ngi.
2- Mng li cung cp nc. Deleted: C
water table [16677] : mt nc ngm; gng Deleted: di t
nc ngm. Deleted: di t
B mt phn cch gia i thng kh v i
Deleted: quc gia c th s dng vo
bo ha nc trong tng cha nc di t cc mc ch kinh t quc dn
685
(khng p).
water table aquifer [16678] : tng cha
nc ngm.
n: unconfined aquifer.
water table divide [16679] : ng chia nc.
n: divide.
water table stream [16680] : dng chy trn
mt nc di t.
Dng chy tp trung ca nc di t t
mc gng nc trong cc cu trc hay cc khi
c tnh thm cao.
water table well [16681] : ging nc ngm.
Ging c khoan vo tng cha nc
khng p.
water tagging [16682] : nh du nc.
Vic cho cht nh du (cht ch th) vo
nc xc nh c s chuyn ng ca nc wave cut [16696] : mi mn do sng.
nh mng li quan st.
watertight [16683] : khng thm nc,
cch nc.
water type [16684] : khi nc bin.
Khi nc bin c c im c trng v
nhit v mn.
water vein [16685] : nc khe nt.
Nc trong cc khe ca cc khi cht st.
water well [16686] : ging nc.
1- Ging dng khai thc nc t i
bo ha.
2- Ging quan trc nc.
water yield [16687] : lng nc thot.
Lng nc thot c gi tr bng lng nc
ma tr i lng nc bc hi.
wattevillite [16688] : watevilit.
Khong vt khng mu Na2Ca(SO4)2.4H2O (?),
h n nghing dng tc.
Cng vit l: wattevilleite.
Waucoban [16689] : Waucobi.
Thng khu vc Bc M. Cambri h (nm trn
Tin Cambri, nm di Alberti). n: Georgi.
wave [16690] : sng.
wave built [16691] : do sng to nn.
c hnh thnh do hot ng ca sng h,
sng bin, c gip sc bi cc dng do sng.
Thut ng c dng rng ri cho cc dng do
sng bin dng nn.
wave built platform [16692] : nn do sng
to nn.
Thut ng ny khng cht ch v nn bng
thng c coi l dng xi mn.
n: wave built terrace.
wave built terrace [16693] : thm do sng
to nn.
Dng b nghing thoi ra bin hoc h
ca mt nn bng do sng v hnh thnh, do
trm tch b mang i bi cc sng hoc dng
chy ven b hoc cho qua nn bng v c
tch t vng nc su hn pha ngoi.
n: wave-built platform, built terrace.
wave cross ripple mark [16694] : du vt
sng ct dao ng ngang.
n: oscilitation cross ripple mark.
wave current ripple mark [16695] : vt sng
ct trn dng sng ngang.
Vt sng ct hp phn (compound ripple Deleted: di t
mark) c vt liu to nn nh sng ct c coi Deleted: nc
l c tch t do s dao ng gy nn hot Deleted: So snh: ging actezi; ging
ng sng trn vt sng ct nm ngang tn ti nc nng.
t trc.
c khc hoc ct i do hot ng ca sng Deleted: cc thit bi o
h hoc bin nh s tr gip cc dng chy do
sng. Thut ng c s dng rng ri cho cc
dng mi mn do sng.
wave cut bench [16697] : rim bao mi
mn do sng.
B mt hp bng phng ti nghing thoi
hoc nn bng do xi mn sng ko di ra
ngoi t pha trn chn vch ng mi mn do
sng, chim ton b i b v mt phn hoc
ton b mt b. Pht trin ch yu trn mt
nc do bi nc sng bn ln v s tp trung cc
sng bo, c h tr bi phong ha thng kh
v nc ma ra tri. Rim bao c th trn
tri, b lau sch hoc b ph nh k bi bi
bin. N c th kt thc t ngt hoc h thp
vo nn bng mi mn (abrasion platform).
n: shore platform, beach platform, high-
water platform.
wave cut cliff [16698] : vch ng mi mn
do sng.
Vch ng, c bit l vch ng bin Formatted
c to nn do s v ra ca cc mnh sau
khi sng ra khot ngang v pha t lin.
wave cut notch [16699] : hc sng v mn.
Hc c thnh to dc chn vch ng bin
bi xi mn do sng.
wave cut pediment [16700] : pediment
mi mn.
Nn bng mi mn do sng (wave cut
platform) c hnh thnh do xi mn ng b
vch ng-t gy. Thut ng khng
thng dng.
wave cut plain [16701] : nn mi mn
do sng.
686
 n: wave cut platform.
wave cut platform [16702] : nn mi mn
do sng.
B mt nghing thoi c to ra do xi mn
sng ko xa ra bin hoc h t chn vch ng
mi mn. Th hin c rim mi mn v nn
bng mi mn.
n: wave-cut terrace, cut platform, erosion
platform, wave-cut plain, strandflat.
wave cut terrace [16703] : thm mi mn do
sng.
Thut ng khng cht ch v thm thng
c coi nh l dng xy dng (tch t).
n: wave-cut platform.
wave delta [16704] : nn chn do sng to
nn.
n: washover.
wave depth [16705] : chn sng.
wave drift [16706] : dng sng.
Mng dng chy di chuyn theo hng sng
gy nn do chuyn ng quay ca cc phn t
nc vi s di chuyn ca mi sng b mt.
wave erosion [16707] : xi mn do sng.
n: marine abrasion.
wave etched shoreline [16708] : ng b
khc mn do sng.
ng b kh thng c to ra do xi mn
sng khc nhau tc dng n cc vt liu b c
sc khng khc nhau.
wave front [16709] : mt sng.
1- B mt m trn cc pha ca mt sng
l nh nhau. Mt sng chuyn ng vung gc
vi chnh n trong mi trng ng hng. N
chnh l qu tch cc thi gian dch chuyn
bng nhau.
2- Phn sng ti u tin ca mt dng sng.
wave interference [16710] : sng cng
hng (vl).
wavelength [16711] : bc sng.
Khong cch gia hai im ging nhau k
tip gia hai chu k cnh nhau ca mt sng
n sc, c o vung gc vi mt sng. K
hiu l ; =V/f trong V: l vn tc truyn
sng, f: tn s.
wave normal [16712] : php tuyn sng.
Trong quang hc, l ng thng v vung
gc mt tip tuyn ca mt sng sng ti chnh
im tip tuyn vi .
wave of compression [16713] : sng khc x,
sng nn, sng nn n (vl).
wave of distortion [16714] : sng ngang, sng
dch chuyn (vl).
wave pattern [16715] : bc tranh sng (vl).
wave platform [16716]:nn bng mi do sng.
n: wave-cut platform.
wave pole [16717] : dng c o sng (o
chiu cao, thi gian).
wave reflection [16718] : phn x ca sng.
Nng lng sng t mt ngun a chn b
phn x quay tr li khi gp mt b mt phn x
(thng l mt ranh gii ca tr khng m hc,
tr khng m hc bng mt nhn vn tc
truyn sng).
wave refraction [16719] : khc x ca sng.
S thay i hng truyn ca tia sng i qua
mt mi trng c s khc nhau v vn tc
truyn sng.
wave wash [16720] : ra xi do sng.
Xi mn b hoc do s mi nghin hoc
v ra ca sng, c bit l xi mn khi c l.
wavellite [16721] : wavelit. Deleted: mng dng chy di chuyn
theo hng sng gy nn do chuyn ng
Khong vt h trc thoi mu trng n vng, quay ca cc phn t nc vi s di
lc hoc en: Al3(PO4)2(OH)3.5H2O, thng to chuyn ca mi sng b mt
tp hp bn cu do pht trin cu trc to tia
bn trong.
waviness of discontinuities [16722] : un
ln ca b mt gin on.
wax [16723] : nha.
Hydrocarbon rn, khng kt tinh, c ngun
gc khong vt nh ozocerit hoc nha parafin,
gm cc este acid bo ca cc hydrocarbon cao.
wax opal [16724] : opal nha.
Opal mu vng c nh nha. Deleted: .
waxy luster [16725] : nh nha.
Mt kiu nh khong vt ging ca nha, v
d chalcedon.
waylandite [16726] : waylandit.
Khong vt mu trng: Deleted: .
(Bi,Ca)Al3(PO4,SiO4)2(OH)6.
weather pit [16727] : h thi tit.
Trng thp nh trn nh bng hoc nghing
thoi ca ch l rng granit, c cho l
dung mi hot ng a phng mnh ca nc
b nht. C ng knh 30-45cm v su
ti 15cm.
weathering [16728] : phong ha.
Qu trnh ph hu t xy ra trn mt t
di tc nhn kh quyn hoc gn mt t lm
thay i mu sc, cu to, thnh phn, rn
chc, trng thi vi s vn chuyn cht t hoc
khng vn chuyn cc vt liu b ph hu;
cc tc nhn vt l v ho hc ph hu t
to nn cc v tn tch ti ch hoc vn chuyn
vt liu ti cc a im khc. a s cc qu
687
trnh phong ha xy ra trn mt nhng cng c
th xy ra mt su thun li nh trong cc
b nt n nhiu chu tc dng ca oxy trong
kh quyn v tun hon ca nc trn mt. Mt
s tc gi cho rng phong ha l qu trnh ph
hu do nc mt xy ra nhit nh hn
100oC v 1kb. Mt s tc gi khc cn a thm
vo tc nhn sinh vt, tc ng bo mn ca gi
nc v bng. n: demorphism; clastation.
weathering correction [16729] : hiu chnh
i vn tc thp.
Hiu chnh thi gian sng a chn phn x
v khc x nhm loi b thi gian tr do i vn
tc thp trn b mt gy nn (i ny thng l
i phong ho trong a cht).
weathering crust [16730] : v phong ha.
weathering degree [16731] : mc
phong ha.
n: weathering grade.
weathering deposit [16732] : m phong ha.
weathering grade [16733] : mc
phong ha.
C th phn loi mc phong ha ca
dn t khe nt vo n li cn ti hoc theo
mc phn r ca vt liu . Bng phn loi
ph bin nht chia mc phong ha ca
thnh 6 (cp) bc t I n IV, gm: gc cn
ti, phong ha yu, phong ha trung bnh,
phong ha mnh, phong ha hon ton v t
tn tch. Cc bc ny c th i snh vi cc kt
qu th nghim xuyn ng SPT hoc th nghim
cht ti bn nn. Chng hn bc I ng vi gi tr
xuyn ng N>35, bc IV ng vi N < 8, v.v.
weathering grade: fresh rock [16734] : cp
phong ha: ti, cha phong ha.
Thuc cp I trong bng phn cp phong ha.
Khng c nhng du hiu ca phong ha.
Khng b i mu.
weathering grade: highly decomposed rock
[16735] : cp phong ha: phn r mnh.
Thuc cp phong ha IV trong bng phn cp
phong ha. m b phn r mnh, c th dng
tay b v nhng ming ln. Kh b tan trong
nc. Khng n to vt c bng ba a cht.
Ch s bt ny Schmidt N<25. Ch s xuyn
ng bng thit b xuyn ng cm tay
> 250 kPa.
weathering grade: moderately decomposed
rock [16736] : cp phong ha: phn r
trung bnh.
Thuc cp phong ha III trong bng phn cp
phong ha. m hon ton bin i mu.
Khng b c nhng ming ng knh nh
hn 55mm. Ch s bt ny Schmidt N trong
khong 25-45.
weathering grade: residual soil [16737] : cp
phong ha: t tn tch.
Thuc cp phong ha VI, cp cui cng
trong bng phn cp phong ha. L t hnh
thnh ti ch do qu trnh phong ha nhng
mt ht kin trc nguyn thy ca m.
weathering grade: slightly decomposed rock
[16738] : cp phong ha: phn r yu.
Thuc cp phong ha II trong bng phn cp
phong ha. m b mt mu dc theo cc khe
nt. Sc bn gn bng ti. Ch s bt ny
Schmidt N>45. Cn vi nht ba mi p
v c.
weathering processes and patterns [16739] :
qu trnh v kiu loi phong ha.
Phong ha l qu trnh lm gim yu v
(hoc) phn r t di tc ng ca kh v
thy quyn. phong ha c phn bit vi
ti (cha phong ha) bng cch quan st mc
phn hy khong vt v d nh felspar,
amphibole, pyroxene, l nhng khong vt d b
phn hy nht. C th phn bit phong ha vt
l v phong ha ha hc. Cn phn bit gia
phong ha v bin i, l qu trnh gy nn bi
cc nguyn nhn ni sinh nh nhit dch, p
sut, nhit cao. Phong ha l mt qu trnh
trm tch, tc l mt qu trnh a cht xy ra
trong nhng iu kin nhit , p sut gn mt
t v hnh thnh nn cc sn phm trm tch.
weathering profile [16740] : mt ct v
phong ha.
Mt mt ct v phong ha in hnh gm y
6 cp phong ha, c mc phong ha gim
dn t trn xung. Tuy nhin, trong thc t, tr
cc cp phong ha trn v di cng, cc cp
phong ha trung gian thng khng c ranh gii
phn nh r rt lm. Ngi ta cn chia mt ct
v phong ha thnh 2 tng A, B, hoc thnh mt
s lp. C khi ngi ta cn phn loi v phong
ha theo thnh phn vt cht nh laterit, feralit.
n: weathering grade.
weather shore [16741] : ng b thi tit.
ng b nm theo hng gi, do n phi
chu tc ng mnh ca sng.
weberite [16742] : weberit.
Khong vt mu xm nht: Na2MgAlF7.
websterite [16743] : vebsterit.
1- Theo phn loi ca IUGS, xm nhp su c Deleted: a.
688
M 90, ol/(ol+opx+cpx) M<5 v c hai t s
opx/(ol+opx+cpx) v cpx/(ol+opx+cpx) < 90.
2- pyroxenit ch yu gm c
orthopyroxen v clinopyroxen. Tn x t
Webster, Bc Carolina.
weddellite [16744] : wedelit.
Khong vt (oxalat calci) CaC2O4.2H2O,
thng gp dng tinh th nh n l trong
nc tiu hoc trong bn y bin Weddell,
Antarctica. Ss: whewellite.
wedge [16745] : nm.
1- Hnh dng ca mt lp hoc thn xm
nhp b vt mng, v d mt th trm tch
dng nm.
2- Nm quang hc.
n: optical wedge, quartz wedge.
wedge failure [16746] : ph hy mi dc dng
khi nm (trong ).
Khi nm do hai mt khe nt giao ct nhau
to thnh v trt xung dc theo b mt cc
khe nt khi hi cc iu kin ph hy, tc l
lc gy trt tr nn ln hn lc cn dc theo b
mt hai khe nt v giao tuyn gia hai khe nt
phi l ra b mt mi dc (mt thong).
wedge formation [16747] : s hnh thnh khi
nm ( mi dc ).
S giao ct gia cc khe nt cha hn to
nn khi nm. Ch do mt yu t th ba, v d
vic khai o lm l ra giao tuyn gia hai mt
khe nt th khi nm mi thc s tn ti. Trt
khi nm c xy ra hay khng ph thuc vo
tng quan gia lc cn dc theo hai b mt khe
nt v lc gy trt (trng lc ca khi trt,
ph ti, nc ma, ng t, v.v.).
wedge geometry [16748] : c im hnh hc
khi nm.
c im kch c, hnh dng, hng so vi
b mt mi dc, l ra b mt mi dc hay
cha, v.v.
wedge problem solutions [16749] : li gii
cho bi ton ph hy mi dc dng trt
khi nm.
wedge theory [16750] : l thuyt nm.
L thuyt phn tch trng thi ng sut
trong t.
wedge, weight and base area [16751] : khi
nm, trng lng v din tch mt y.
wedging (in timbering) [16752] : chn nm.
Chn nm trong tng chn t bng g.
weeksite [16753] : weksit.
Khong vt h trc thoi mu vng:
K2(UO2)2 (Si2 O5)3.4H2 O.
weep hole [16754] : h thot nc.
weeping drain [16755] : thot nc qua
ng lc. Deleted: b.
Thot nc qua ng lc, thu nc qua ng
lc. n: weeper.
wegscheiderite [16756] : wegsheiderit.
Khong vt h ba nghing: Na5(CO3)(HCO3)3.
wehrlite [16757] : werlit.
1- Theo phn loi ca IUGS, xm nhp Deleted: a.
su c M 90, ol/(ol+opx+cpx) nm gia 40v
90 v op/(ol+op+cpx) < 5; .
2- peridotit ch yu gm c olivin v Deleted: b.
clinopyroxen, oxid khng thu quang. Kobell
t tn (1834).
3- Khong vt BiTe. L hp kim t nhin ca
bismuth vi telur, cng thc trc y l:
Bi2Te3. n: mirror glance.
weibullite [16758] : weibulit.
Khong vt: Pb5Bi8Se7S11hoc Pb5Bi8Se7S10.
weigelith [16759] : veigelit.
Peridotit cha amphibol v enstatit, nm
1918 Kretschmer t tn c xut x t
Weigelsberg, Tip Khc. Tn c khng cn
dng na.
weight dropping technique [16760] : phng
php thm d a chn vi ngun to ra t
ngun c hc.
n: thumper.
weight volume relationships [16761] : tng
quan gia khi lng-th tch.
weighted creep ratio [16762] : t s lu bin
(t bin) c trng s.
weilerite [16763] : weilerit.
Khong vt: BaAl3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH6) (?).
weilite [16764] : weilit.
Khong vt: CaHAsO4.
weinschenkite [16765] : weinshenkit.
1- Khong vt mu trng: YPO4. 2H2O. n: Deleted: (a)
churchite.
Deleted: (b)
2- Hornblend mu nu ti cha t st 2, nhiu
st 3, nhm, nc.
weir [16766] : p trn; vn o lu lng
(cthv).
1- p nc khng ngn chn ton b dng
chy m vn mt phn nc chy trn qua
cung cp cho pha h lu.
2- Tm vn c khot ngm hnh ch nht,
hnh thang hay tam gic dng t chn ngang
dng chy xc nh lu lng dng chy nh.
weisbachite [16767] : weisbachit.
Anglesit cha bari.
689
 weiselbergite [16768] : veiselbergit.
Basalt thy tinh phn hy hay andezit, c
trng bi cc ban tinh labradorit, ogit, oxid st,
nm trong nn microlit gm plagioclas, ogit v
thy tinh. Tn do Rosenbsch xut (1877)
theo a danh Weiselberg, c, ch andezit
ogit. Tn khng dng na.
Weissenberg pattern [16769] : gin
Weissenberg.
Gin cc vt nhiu x tia X thu c t
mt n tinh th khi dng bung Weissenberg
v chm tia n sc, s dng phng php phim
chuyn ng, cho php xc nh ch s nhiu x
ca mt n tinh th bt k c nh hng
chnh xc.
weissite [16770] : weisit.
Khong vt mu en lam: Cu5Te3.
welded mesh [16771] : li thp.
Dng trong gia c b tng, trong tr lc cng
trnh ngm (hm, l) bng phng php pht
va b tng c ct thp.
welinite [16772] : welinit.
Khong vt:
(Mn+4,W)1-x(Mn+2,W,Mg)3-ySi(O,OH)7.
well [16773] : ging nc.
well bore [16774] : khoan ging, o ging.
well bore breakout and borehole ellipticity
[16775] : xc nh trng ng sut bng
phng php bm p nc bin dng l khoan.
Trong phng php ny, ngi ta bm p
nc to nn cc vt v vin quanh thnh l
khoan hai pha i din, khin l khoan
chuyn sang c dng ellip vi trc di vung
gc vi trc ng sut chnh cc i.
well casing [16776] : ng chng thnh ging.
Lp bo v thnh ging, o ging.
well density [16777] : mt l khoan.
well grade [16778] : cp phi tt.
well graded [16779] : phn cp u.
(trt) t v c thnh phn ht c phn
b rng trn biu phn tch thnh phn ht.
well logging by radio activity [16780] :
gamma carota.
o cng bc x trong l khoan.
well logging truck apparatus [16781] : trm
carota trn t.
well point [16782] : im ht nc .
Ging nc c lp my bm ht nc
lm gim mc nc, dng thm lm tng tnh n
nh ca cng trnh.
well screen [16783] : ng lc.
ng kim loi hay nha c c l, x rnh
hay cun li c chng vo ging gi cho
thnh ging khi b sp l nhng vn cho nc
(du) t ngoi chy vo (hoc t trong chy ra).
well sieving [16784] : phn tch thnh phn
ht bng phng php t.
wellsite [16785] : welsit.
Khong vt zeolit:
(Ba,Ca,K2)Al2Si3O10.3H2O.
well sorted [16786] : u, chn lc tt.
t c thnh phn kch thc ht gin on,
khng lin tc, tp trung ti mt khu vc trn
biu phn tch thnh phn ht.
well water [16787] : nc ging.
weloganite [16788] : weloganit.
Khong vt: Sr3Na2Zr(CO3)6.3H2O. ng
hnh vi donayit.
welshite [16789] : welshit.
Khong vt: Ca2Mg4Fe+3O2Si4Be2O18 thuc
nhm aenigmatit.
wenkite [16790] : wenkit.
Khong vt:
(Ba,K)4(Ca,Na)6(Si,Al)20O4(OH)2(SO4)3.H2O.
Wenlockian [16791] : Wenlocki.
Bc do Murchison xc lp nm 1839, theo Deleted: thnh
a danh Wenlock Anh, l bc ca thi a
tng quc t, bc th hai ca thng Silur h, Deleted: . B
nm trn Landovery, nm di Ludlovi. Deleted:
wennebergite [16792] : venebergit. Deleted: (
porphyr c thch anh, gm cc ban tinh
Deleted: )
orthoclas, biotit v thch anh nm trong nn vi
tinh clorit, gm c apatit v sphen. Schuster
(1905) t tn theo a danh Wenneberg,
c. Tn khng dng na.
Werfelian [16793] : Werfeli.
Bc do Mojsisocics xc lp nm 1879, theo
tn lng Werfel o. Bc thp nht ca Trias
(nm trn Thuring ca Permi, nm di
Virglori), ng vi mt phn ca Scythi.
wermlandite [16794] : wermlandit.
Khong vt:
Ca2Mg14(Al, Fe)4(CO3)(OH)42 29H2O.
wernerite [16795] : wernerit.
T ng ngha ca scapolit thng thng, l
khong vt ring bit ca nhm scapolit nm
gia meionit v marialit.
wesselite [16796] : veselit.
nng nephelinit, cha biotit, barkevikit,
titanogit, hauyn v nephelin. Tn do Scheumann
t nm 1922 theo a danh Wesseln, Tip
Khc. Tn khng dng na.
west coast desert [16797] : hoang mc kiu
b ty.
690
 Hoang mc b bin c ra ty lc a v
hoang mc nhit i, ngha l gn vng nhit
di ca Canx Caprion. S thay i tht thng
hng nm, hng ngy ln hn hoang mc nhit
i ni lc.
westerveldite [16798] : westerveldit.
Khong vt h trc thoi: (Fe, Ni, Co)As.
westerwaldite [16799] : vestervaldit.
Phun tro trachybazan, gm cc ban tinh
olivin b serpentin ha, mt t vnh ogit nm
trong nn vi tinh gm labradorit, sanidin, ogit,
biotit v nephelin. Johannsen (1938) t tn theo
a danh Westerwald, c. Tn khng nn
dng na.
westgrenite [16800] : westgrenit.
Khong vt thuc nhm pyroclo:
(Bi,Ca)(Ta,Nb)2O6(OH).
Westphal balance [16801] : cn Westphal.
Trong phn tch khong vt l cn dng
xc nh t trng ca dung dch nng.
n: beam blance.
Westphalian [16802] : Westphali.
Bc Ty u. Carbon thng (nm trn
Namur, nm di Kasimov), tng ng vi
Pensylvani trung ca Bc M.
westward drift [16803]:tri dt v hng Ty.
wet analysis [16804] : phn tch t.
wet chemical analysis [16805] : phn tch
ha t.
Phng php phn tch ha c dng nc
hoc cht lng khc trong qu trnh thc hin.
in hnh l cc phng php trng lc v
phng php th tch.
wet gas [16806] : kh m t nhin.
Kh t nhin c cha cht lng hydrcacbon.
wetlands [16807] : vng t ngp nc.
Vng t thng xuyn, thnh thong hoc
theo chu k b nc nht hay mn che ph
khng su lm (di 6 m), nh cc thm bin,
di t ngp triu ven bin, ca sng, cc vng
m ly, h ni a v. v. Vng t ngp nc c
h sinh thi rt phong ph, c ngha quan
trng v kinh t v mi trng nn c Cng
c quc t Ramsar (1971) a vo i tng
bo v. n: Ramsar convention.
wet mixed process [16808] : qu trnh trn
t (b tng).
wettability [16809] : m t, ht nc.
wet unit weight [16810] : th trng nc.
Trng lng ring ca t c nc. T s
gia tng trng lng v th tch tng th ca
mu t.
wheel ore [16811] : qung bnh xe.
Khong vt bournonit, c bit khi c dng
song tinh hnh bnh xe.
Wheelerian [16812] : Weleri.
Bc Bc M. Pliocen thng (nm trn
Ventur, nm di Hali).
wherryite [16813] : wheryit.
Khong vt mu lc nht:
Pb4Cu (CO3)(SO4)2 (Cl,OH)2O (?).
whetstone [16814] : vetston ( mi).
ht mn, cng cha silic dng mi dao
ko v dng c c kh.
whewellite [16815] : whewelit.
Khong vt (oxalat calci) h n nghing,
mu trng hoc khng mu: CaC2O4.H2O,
thng to thnh lp v trng c, s s mn
cm trn hoa. n: weddellite.
whinstone [16816] : vinstone ( x Whin).
Anh, x Whin l dolerit, bazan v cc
magma ht mn sm mu khc. a danh
Whin Sill, bc nc Anh.
whirlpool [16817] : xoy nc.
Nc chy vi vn tc nhanh theo ng
vng trn v c bn knh gii h.
white agate [16818] : m no trng.
Chalcedon mu trng hoc pht trng.
white antimony [16819] : antimon.
n: valentinite.
white cobalt [16820] : cobalt trng.
n: cobaltite, smaltite. Deleted: (
white copperas [16821] : coperas trng. Deleted: (
n: goslarite, coquimbite. Deleted: (
white earth [16822] : t trng.
Deleted: (
Vt liu t cha silic b mm c dng
lm mu v.
white felspat [16823] : felspat trng.
n: albite.
white garnet [16824] : granat trng.
Grosula bn trong, i khi b ngoi ging jad
trng. n: leucite. Deleted: (b)
white gold [16825] : vng trng.
Hp kim nht mu ca vng trng ging bc
hoc platin, c bit l hp kim vng vi hm
lng cao ca niken hoc paladi cho mu
trng, c th cha hoc khng cc kim loi hp Deleted: ramsar
kim khc (nh thic, km hoc ng).
white iron ore [16826] : qung st trng.
n: siderite.
white iron pyrites [16827] : pyrites st trng.
n: marcasite.
whiteite [16828] : whiteit.
Khong vt:
691
 Ca (Fe, Mn) Mg2 Al2 (OH)2 (H2O)8 (PO4)4, l
khong vt cha nhm tng ng jonsit.
white lead ore [16829] : qung ch trng.
n: cerussite.
white mica [16830] : mica trng.
Mica sng mu, c bit l muscovit.
white mundic [16831] : mundic trng.
n: arsenopyrite.
white nickel [16832] : niken trng.
n: nickel-skutterudite, rammelsbergite.
white olivine [16833] : olivin trng.
n: forsterite.
white opal [16834] : opal trng.
Mt dng opal qu sng mu khc hn opal
en, v d th ngc opal mu trng lam nht.
white pollution [16835] : nhim trng.
Thut ng dng ch s nhim mi
trng bi cc vt ph thi bng nha nh chai
l, can, hp, khay, cc, cc loi mng, ti ng,
bao gi. y l nhng cht rt kh phn hy (c
th tn ti hng trm, thm ch hng nghn nm)
nn kh x l. Nu chn lp th tn nhiu t
ai, nu t th chng s sinh nhiu loi kh thi
c hi, k c dioxin. Khi trn ln vo t
chng ngn cn s hp th cc cht dinh dng
v nc ca cy trng, lm gim sn lng, khi
vt ln mt t hay xung nc chng lm cho
ng vt nut nhm, gy t vong.
white pyrite [16836] : pyrit trng.
n: marcacite.
white pyrites [16837] : pyrites trng.
n: arsenopyrite, marcacite.
Whiterock [16838] : Whiterock.
Bc Bc M. Phn thp nht ca Ordovic
trung (nm trn Ordovic h, nm di Marmor).
white sapphire [16839] : saphir trng.
Corinon kt tinh hoc tinh khit khng mu.
white schist [16840] : phin trng.
phin bin cht ngun st c cha talc,
kyanit, thch anh, phengit, talc-chloritoid c
trng cho hot ng bin cht nhit thp, p
sut cao, tng ng phin xanh hay eclogit
(Abraham v Schreyer, 1976; Chopin 1981;
Massonne v nnk, 1981).
white schorl [16841] : shorl trng.
n: albite.
white stone [16842] : trng.
Ngc gi khng mu, tinh khit ging
kim cng.
white tellurium [16843] : teluri trng.
n: sylvanite, krennerite.
white vitriol [16844] : sulfat trng.
n: goslarite.
whitleyite [16845] : vitleyit.
Thin thch, cha cc mnh chondrit
mu en.
whitlockite [16846] : whitlockit.
Khong vt: Ca9(Mg,Fe)H(PO4)7.
n: merrillite.
whitmoreite [16847] : whitmoreit.
Khong vt: Fe+2Fe2+3(PO4)2(OH)2.4H2O.
whorl [16848] : vng cun. Deleted: (
Mt vng ca mt v cun hay cun xon, Deleted: (
c th l mt vng hon chnh 360o v Chn Formatted
bng, Chn u hay Trng l.
whorl height [16849] : chiu cao vng cun.
Chiu cao ca mt vng o t ng khu
rn (ni vng cun gn vi vng gip k) ti
ng gia mt bng.
whorl section [16850] : mt ct vng cun.
Mt ct ngang ca vng cun v Chn u.
whorl side [16851] : mt bn ca vng cun.
Phn vng cun nm hai bn mt bng ca
v Chn u, c th l t ng khu rn n ra
mt bng.
wickenburgite [16852] : wickenburgit.
Khong vt: Pb3Al2CaSi10O24(OH)6.
wickmanite [16853] : wickmanit.
Khong vt: MnSn(OH)6.
wicksite [16854] : wicksit.
Khong vt:
NaCa2(Fe+2,Mn)4 MgFe+3(PO4)6.2H2O.
widemannite [16855] : widemanit.
Khong vt Pb2(UO2)(CO3)3. Deleted: (
wiggle stick [16856] : con lc ( d tm vt Deleted: (
th n trong lng t).
n: divining rod. Formatted
wightmanite [16857] : witmanit.
Khong vt h ba nghing khng mu:
Mg5(BO3)O(OH)5.2H2O.
wiikite [16858] : wikit.
Khong vt c hiu bit t, giu niobi,
tantal, titan, ytri, l hn hp thay i ca
euxenit v obruchevit.
wilcoxite [16859] : wilcoxit.
Khong vt xut hin trn vch m v trong
i dm kt: MgAl(SO4)2F.18H2O.
wild land [16860] : t hoang d.
t khng c canh tc hoc khng trng
cy c, c ngha l t hoang mc hoc t
cha cht thi.
wild river [16861] : sng hoang d.
1- Sng c b v nc c duy tr trong Deleted: (
Deleted: (
692
hon cnh cha khai ph, b bin ci bi
con ngi.
2- Sng chy xit.
Wilderness [16862] : Wildernessi.
Bc Bc M. Ordovic trung (nm trn
Porterfieldi, nm di Barneveldi).
wilkeite [16863] : wilkeit.
Khong vt mu hng hoc vng thuc
nhm apatit, cha hydroxyl, c carbonat, sulfat
hoc silicat thay th mt phn phosphat:
Ca5(SiO4,PO4,SO4)3(O,OH,F).
wilkmanite [16864] : wilkmanit.
Khong vt: Ni3Se4.
willemite [16865] : willemit.
Khong vt h mt thoi: Zn2SiO4, l qung
th yu ca km v thng cha mangan, c
mu thay i t trng n vng pht lc n lc,
pht v nu, pht quang mnh mu vng sng
di nh sng cc tm.
willemseite [16866] : wilemseit.
Khong vt cha Ni tng t talc, Ni thay th
Mg v tr tm mt.
williamsite [16867] : wiliamsit.
Antigorit dng khi, mu vng n lc,
khng sch, trng ging jad v c dng lm
trang tr, thng cha cc m cromit.
willyamite [16868] : wilyamit.
Khong vt gi lp phng (Co,Ni)SbS vi
Co nhiu hn Ni.
Wilson cycle [16869] : chu k Wilson.
L s on hoc un cong nh ca v Tri t
ln pha trn hoc xung pha di, s ti din
lin tip ca s tch gin v hi t kin to
mng vi chu k c bn 100 triu nm (tn gi
chu k theo tn J. Turo Wilson, nh a vt
l Canada).
Wilson technique [16870] : k thut Wilson.
Trong phn tch tia X, l phng php gn
phim vo bung chp bt hnh tr, cho php m
rng vng ghi li nhiu x phn x ngc v c
hai pha ca ca s vo.
wilsonite [16871] : wilsonit.
Vt liu mu pht ta gm alumosilicat
ca magnesi v kali, trng ging scapolit b
bin i.
wilting coefficient [16872] : h s ho.
n: wilting point.
wilting point [16873] : im ho.
Mc hm lng m rt thp trong t, ti
l cy bt u ho do thiu nc.
wiluite [16874] : wiluit.
1- Granat grosula mu lc.
2- Vesuvianit mu pht lc. Deleted: (b)
wind abrasion [16875] : mi mn gi.
Qu trnh xi mn do gi cun theo cc phn
t hoc tuyt v b mang i khi b mt b l ra
ca bt k loi g.
wind corrasion [16876] : mi mn gi.
n: wind abrasion.
wind current [16877] : dng chy do gi.
n: drift.
wind cut stone [16878] : b ct, mi mn
do gi.
n: ventifact.
wind deposition coast [16879] : b tch t do
gi.
B bin c xy dng bi cc n ct tin
trin theo hng gi ch o, thng c thnh
to trn sn khut gi ca eo ct.
wind driven current [16880] : dng chy
do gi.
n: drift.
wind erosion [16881] : xi mn gi.
S tch ra, vn chuyn v tch t lp t mt
do hot ng ca gi, c bit l bo bi trong
vng kh v bn kh hoc ni cc lp m thc
vt ngho nn.
wind gap [16882] : khe h kh.
Khe h nng trn nh hoc phn cao ca
sng ni thng cao hn khe c nc. Khe c
nc c hin b b li (nh do hin tng cp
dng) bi dng chy to ra n; khe hin khng
c dng chy.
n: dry gap, air gap, wind valley.
wind laid deposit [16883] : gi tch.
n: aeolian deposit.
window [16884] : ca s (kt).
Ch din l ca cu trc c do bc tri
lp ph.
wind polish [16885] : mi mn do gi.
n: desert polish.
wind polished stone [16886] : vt liu mi
mn do gi c b mt nhn vng hoang mc.
wind ridge [16887] : g tuyt do gi vun.
wind rift dune [16888] : n ct c khe hm
do gi.
n c to ra vng c cy bi do gi
mnh c hng khng i, c bit l c khe
u nhn(u gi i xung) ca g ct dng cua Formatted
gp h v pha gi. Thng c dc b bin,
him c hoang mc. Thut ng cng p dng
cho cc dy n song song do s thnh
to "khe".
windripple [16889] : gn sng ct do gi trn Deleted: (a)
693
 b mt ct.
windrow [16890] : cn thp (m).
Cn thp, ng hoc cc tch t khc hnh
thnh mt cch t nhin do gi, hoc do thy
triu hay nhn to.
windrow ridge [16891] : cu cn (m).
Vt sng ct nc nng nm song song v
trc tip di cc vt liu tch t do gi trn b
mt nc. Cc vt liu ny to thnh cc sng
thng, nhn u, tr nn hp hn v ngn hn
theo hng xui gi.
wind scoop [16892] : a do gi.
Trng dng a nng trn tuyt gm vt cn,
to nn do lc xoy thi mn.
wind scoured basin [16893] : trng thi mn.
n: deflation basin.
windsorite [16894] : windsorit.
Aplit monzonit thch anh mu nht c mt
lng nh biotit. Daly t tn nm 1903 theo a
danh Windsor. Khng dng na.
wind valley [16895] : thung lng kh.
n: wind gap.
wineglass valley [16896] : thung lng hnh
cc ru.
Thung lng c dng cc ru vang, loe rng
ra u cao hn ni c dng cc, on di
thp hn thu hp li, ri li loe rng ra trn ng
bng aluvi rng. Thung lng thng hnh thnh
ngay cc gc ti vch ng do t gy
vng kh.
n: goblet valley, hourglass valley.
wing [16897] : sng ct.
u ngoi, ko di v pha trc ca
n ct.
wing bar [16898] : ct ct cho mt phn
ca vnh hoc sng.
wing dam [16899] : chn sng.
winged headland [16900] : mi nh c cc
doi hai pha c hng ngc nhau.
c thnh to do sng khng c kh nng
a vt liu ti nh vnh.
winstanleyite [16901] : winstanleyit.
Khong vt: TiTe3O8.
winter berm [16902] : thm b ma ng.
Thm c xy dng trn vng sau b do
sng v b ca cc sng bo mnh trong
ma ng.
wire [16903] : si, dy.
Dng cho kim loi t sinh, v d bc si.
n: capillary.
wire line core barrel [16904] : ng cha mu
li ko ln c bng ti dy thp (t bn
trong cn khoan).
wire mesh [16905] : li thp. Deleted: cn thp, ng hoc cc tch
t khc hnh thnh mt cch t nhin do
Li thp dng lm ct trong gia c b tng, gi, hoc do thy triu hay nhn to
to lp tr lc trong cng trnh ngm, trong ci
to t, trong gia c mi dc v.v.
wire sawing technique [16906] : k thut ca Deleted: vt sng ct nc nng nm
song song v trc tip di cc vt liu
dy (cctr). tch t do gi trn b mt nc. Cc vt
Ly mu kch thc ln phc v cho th liu ny to thnh cc sng thng, nhn
nghim ct. u, tr nn hp hn v ngn hn theo
hng xui gi
wiserite [16907] : wiserit.
Khong vt: Mn4B2O5(OH,Cl)4.
witching stick [16908] : chic que ph thy.
n: divining rod. Formatted
withamite [16909] : withamit.
Epidot mu n vng, cha mt t
mangan, gp trong andesit Glencoe, Scotland.
Ss: piemontite.
withdrawal [16910] : khai thc nc.
S ly nc t ngun s dng.
witherite [16911] : witherit.
Khong vt h trc thoi mu trng pht vng
n trng pht xm thuc nhm aragonit:
BaCO3.
wittichenite [16912] : witichenit.
Khong vt mu xm thp n trng thic:
Cu3BiS3.
wittite [16913] : witit.
Khong vt mu xm ch: Pb9Bi12Se7S20.
wochlerite [16914] : wochlerit.
n: whlerite.
wodanite [16915] : wodanit.
Biotit cha titan.
wodginite [16916] : wodginit.
Khong vt mu en:
(Ta,Nb,Sn,Mn,Fe)16O32.
woehlerite [16917] : woehlerit.
n: whlerite.
whlerite [16918] : woelerit.
Deleted: (a)
1- Khong vt mu vng n nu:
NaCa2(Zr, Nb)Si2O8(O,OH,F). Ss: lavenite.
Deleted: (b)
2- Tn ch vt liu hu c trong chondrit
cha cacbon. n: woehlerite.
wolchonskoite [16919] : wolchonskoit.
n: volchonskoite.
Wolfcampian [16920] : Wolfcampi.
Lot khu vc Bc M. Phn thp nht ca
Permi (nm trn Virgili ca Pensylvania, nm
di Leonardi).
wolfeite [16921] : wolfeit.
Khong vt: (Fe, Mn)2(PO4) (OH), ng hnh
vi triploidite.
694
 wolfram [16922] : wolfram.
1-(kv) wolframite.
2-Nguyn t kim loi tungsten.
n: tungsten.
wolfram ocher [16923] : ocr wolfram.
n: tungstic ocher.
wolframine [16924] : wolframin.
n: tungstite, wolframite.
wolframite [16925] : wolframit.
1- Khong vt mu en pht xm hoc pht
nu: (Fe,Mn)WO4, ng hnh v nm gia
huebnerit v ferberit, dng tinh th h n
nghing (thng to song tinh hnh tm gi trc
thoi), khi ht hoc tp hp hnh ct (nh trong
mch kh thnh cnh khi granit v t hp vi
qung thic). Wolframit l qung chnh ca
tungsten. X: tungstenite.
n: wolfram; wolframine; tobacco jack.
2- Tn dng cho cc dy khong vt ng
hnh ca wolframit v cc khong vt cui ca
huebnerit v ferberit.
wolframoixiolite [16926] : wolframoixiolit.
Khong vt: (Nb,W,Ta,Fe,Mn)3O6.
wolfsbergite [16927] : wofsbergit.
n: chalcostibite.
wolgidite [16928] : volgidit.
leucit, cha leucit, magnophorit, diopsit
v t olivin, phlogopit. Tn do Wade v Prider
t nm 1940 theo a danh Wolgidee Hills, ty
Australia. Khng nn dng na.
Wollaston prism [16929] : lng knh
Wollaston.
Trong h thng quang hc, l lng knh nh
p, gm hai lng knh calcit t vung gc
nhau cho hai chm tia nh sng phn cc phng
vung gc vi nhau.
wollastonite [16930] : wolastonit.
Khong vt h ba nghing thuc nhm
pyroxenoid: CaSiO3, lng hnh vi parawola-
stonit, gp trong vi b bin cht tip xc,
thng dng khi, c th ch hoc song tinh
dng tm, mu trng, xm, nu, hoc vng.
Khng phi l pyroxen. K hiu: Wo.
Ss: tabular spar.
wlsendorfite [16931] : wolsendorfit.
Khong vt h trc thoi mu n
da cam: (Pb,Ca)U2O7.2H2O.
wood agate [16932] : m no g.
Thut ng dng ch g b m no ho, c mt tinh, diu hnh, tuyn truyn c ng trng
bit ch loi m no thnh to t g b khong
ho silixic thm thu.
wood copper [16933] : ng g.
Olivenit dng si.
woodendite [16934] : voodendit.
mugearit phun tro hay trachyandezit, Deleted: (a)
cha olivin, clinopyroxen nm trong nn thy Deleted: (b)
tinh kim mu nu. Tn do Skeats v Summers
(1912) t theo a danh Woodent, Australia. C
tn Macedonite. C, khng nn dng na.
woodfordite [16935] : woodfordit. Deleted: (
n: ettringite. Deleted: (
wood hematite [16936] : hematit g. Deleted: (a)
Loi hematit to tia li ti vi cc di sc nu,
vng hoc cc sc mu khc xen k nhau.
woodhouseite [16937] : woodhouseit.
Khong vt h mt thoi, khng mu:
CaAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6, ng hnh vi
svanbergit, corkit v hinsdalit.
wood iron ore [16938] : qung st g.
Limonit dng si Cornwall, Anh.
wood opal [16939] : opal g. Deleted: (b)
Opal thng thng, lp y cc l trng v
thay th cc vt cht hu c ca g, nhng vn
gi li cc c im ban u ca g.
n: opalized wood. n: xylopal; lithoxyl.
wood pile [16940] : cc g.
woodruffite [16941] : woodrufit.
Khong vt: (Zn, Mn+2)Mn+43O7.1-2 H2O.
woodstone [16942] : g.
n: silicified wood.
wood tin [16943] : thic g.
Th casiterit dng ht hoc thn, c cu trc
ng tm vi cc si to tia trng ging g kh.
n: dneprovskite.
woodwardite [16944] : woodvardit.
Khong vt pht lam:
Cu4Al2(SO4) (OH)12.2-4 H2O.
work done by a force [16945] : cng do mt
lc to nn.
workability [16946] : d hnh thnh, d
thi cng.
world Environment Day [16947] : ngy mi
trng th gii.
Ti cuc hp cui nm 1972, i hi ng
Lin hip quc quyt nh ly ngy 5 thng 6
hng nm lm Ngy mi trng th gii (ly
mc ngy 5/6/1972 l ngy khai mc Hi ngh
quc t v mi trng ti Stockholm, Thy
in). Trong ngy ny, nhiu quc gia t chc
k nim bng nhng hot ng phong ph nh
cy, lm v sinh, thi v, thi vit v ch bo v
mi trng, v.v. nhm nng cao nhn thc ton
cu v mi trng.
695
 world ocean [16948] : i dng th gii, i
dng ton cu.
Tp hp tt c cc i dng ring l (i
Ty Dng, Thi Bnh Dng, v.v) v c xem
nh mt i dng khng l duy nht.
world rift system [16949] : h thng rift
th gii.
L mt yu t kin to c bn ca Tri t
bao gm cc sng ni gia i dng v cc
thung lng rift i km vi chng, v d nh sng
ni i Ty Dng; h thng rift hnh tinh.
worobieffite [16950] : vorobiefit.
n: vorobievite.
wrench fault [16951] : t gy xon-thng
c mt t gy phn thng ng.
wright biquartz wedge [16952] : nm thch
anh i Wright.
n: biquartz wedge.
wrinkle ridge [16953]:g nhn nheo, g sng.
wrinkled [16954] : np un, gn sng,
np nhn.
wroewolfeite [16955] : wroewolfeit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
Cu4(SO4)(OH)6.2H2O.
Wuchiapingian [16956] : Wuchiaping.
Bc do Lu (1955) xc lp theo a danh cng
tn min Nam Trung Quc, Permi thng,
nm di bc Changshing theo kt lun ca
phn ban a tng Pecmi quc t (1998).
wulfenite [16957] : wulfenit.
Khong vt h bn phng, mu vng, da
cam, (i khi pht xm hoc lc): PbMoO4,
ng hnh vi stolzit, tinh th hnh tm, khi
ht. Wulfenit l khong vt qung ca
molybden.
n: yellow lead ore.
Wulff net [16958] : li Wulf; mng ni.
1- H to c dng trong tinh th hc
v hnh chiu cc lp th vi s bo ton gc. V
th n c dng biu din cc mi quan h
v gc thu c trong php o trn bn
tng hp.
2- c t theo tn nh tinh th hc ngi Deleted: (b)
Nga Georgi Victorovich Vulf (1862-1925),
ngi sng to ra mng v tn c phin m
sang ting c.
Wulff projection [16959] : phng php chiu
cu lp th Wulff (ng gc), v.v.
Wrm [16960] : Wrmi.
Bc chu u. Phn cao nht ca Pleistocen
(nm trn Rissi, nm di Holocen), ng vi
thi gian sau k gian bng Rissi- Wrmi.
wurtzite [16961] : vurtzit.
Khong vt h su phng, mu en pht
nu: (Zn,Fe)S, lng hnh vi sphalerit, dng
tinh th hnh thp hoc hnh kim to tia hoc b
bn trong cc tm sphalerit. C nhiu bin th
a hnh vi cc bin ci nh trong cu trc, v
c ngh gi tn phn bit, nhng khng
c chp nhn (Hey, 1962, 3. 4. 3).
wstite [16962] : wustit.
Khong vt FeO, c trng ca mu nhn to
l s thiu ht st. n: iozite; wustite.
wyartite [16963] : wyartit.
Khong vt th sinh mu en tm:
Ca3U+4(UO2)6(CO3)2(OH)18.3-5H2O.
b gi sai l: ianthinite.
wyllieite [16964] : wylieit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
(Na,Ca,Mn)2 (Fe+2,Mg)2Al(PO4)3.
wyomingite [16965]: lamproit xm nhp nng.
Lamproit xm nhp nng, cha cc ban tinh
phlogopit nm trong nn ht nh gm c lxit,
diopsit; phonolit lxit-phlogopit. Tn do Cross
(1897) t theo a danh Wyoming, Hoa K.
Khng nn dng.
Deleted: (a)
696
 aclin B.
X
x-acline B twin law [16966] : lut song tinh x
Lut song tinh phc tp trong feldspar vi
trc song tinh song song vi (010) v mt tip
hp (100).
xalostocite [16967] : xalostocit.
n: landerite.
xanthiosite [16968] : xanthiosit.
Khong vt mu vng: Ni3(AsO4)2.
xanthite [16969] : xanthit.
Vesuvianit pht vng n nu pht vng.
xanthochroite [16970] : xanthochroit.
n: greenockite.
xanthoconite [16971] : xanthoconit.
Khong vt h n nghing mu bng,
vng da cam hoc nu: AgAsS.
Ss: proustite.
xanthophyllite [16972] : xanthophylit.
n: clintonite.
xanthosiderite [16973] : xanthosiderit.
n: goethite.
xanthoxenite [16974] : xanthoxenit.
1- Khong vt cha mt phn stewartit.
2- Thnh phn c xc nh li l:
Ca4Fe2+3(OH)2(H2O)3(PO4)4.
x-Carlsbad twin law [16975] : lut song tinh
x-Carlsbad.
Lut song tinh phc tp trong feldspar c
trc song tinh vung gc vi [001] v mt tip
hp (100), l mt dng ca lut song tinh
aclin-B.
xenoblast [16976] : bin tinh tha hnh.
Khong vt nng lng kt tinh thp, trong
qu trnh bin cht khng pht trin dng tinh
th hon chnh. Mt kiu ca crystalloblast (ht
bin tinh). n: allotrioblast.
xenocryst [16977] : tinh th l (ngoi lai).
Tinh th nh ban tinh trong magma nhng
ngun gc khng lin quan n khi (ngoi
lai). n: chadacryst.
xenolith [16978] : th t, th ngoi lai.
Bao th l nm trong magma. n:
exogenous inclusion; accidental inclusion.
xenology [16979] : nh tui xenon.
nh tui cc hin tng c trong nin biu
hc ca h thng hnh tinh da trn c s ca
lng tha d xenon-129 trong thin thch.
Xenon-129 l sn phm phn hy ca iodin-129
phng x, c chu k bn phn hy gn 17
triu nm.
xenomorphic [16980] : tha hnh.
Tnh t ca tn kin trc magma hay
bin cht c trng bi nhng tinh th khng c
mt kt tinh ca ring n nhng li khun theo
mt ca cc ht khong nm k n. Thut ng
ny dng m t nhng c th khong vt
trong magma. n: allotriomorphic; anidio- Deleted: b.
morphic; leptomorphic.
xenon [16981] : xenon (Xe).
Nguyn t ha hc s 54, nguyn t lng
131,292; thuc nhm kh qu, atmophil, c 9 Deleted: (a)
ng v bn v 35 khng bn, khng mu, Deleted: (b)
khng chy c, khng c v khng phn
ng; c dng trong cc n chp chp nh,
n pht quang, laze v nh cht gy m. Deleted: -
xenon-xenon age method [16982] : phng
php Xe-Xe xc nh tui.
Phng php xc nh tui cc khong vt
mang urani bng khi ph o t s ng v ca
Xe. Phng php ny da trn c s c s khc
nhau v thnh phn gia Xe - sn phm phn r
ca U238 trong thin nhin v Xe - sn phm t
U235 sinh ra bi ntron nhit trong l ht nhn.
ng dng phng php ny cho cc c tui
c hn 100 triu nm.
xenothermal [16983] : khong vt nhit dch.
697
 Khong vt nhit dch hnh thnh nng (
su nh) vi nhit cao.
xenotime [16984] : xenotim.
Khong vt h bn phng mu nu, vng
hoc pht : YPO4, ng cu trc vi zircon,
thng cha erbi, xeri, v cc nguyn t t
him khc cng nh thori, uran, nhm, calci,
beryl, zircon hoc cc nguyn t khc. Xenotim
l khong vt ph trong granit v pegmatit.
xerophyte [16985] : thc vt chu hn.
Loi thc vt c th sng trong iu kin kh
hu kh hn (nh vng sa mc).
xerophytic [16986] : thc vt chu hn, a hn.
xerophytization [16987] : s hnh thnh thc
vt chu hn.
xerotherm [16988] : cng chu nng hn.
xifengite [16989] : xifengit.
Khong vt h su phng, ng cu trc
vi: Mn5Si3; Fe5Si3.
xilingolite [16990] : xilingolit.
Khong vt: Pb3 + xBi2 - 2/3. xS6 ; x=0, 3.
xingzhongite [16991] : xingzhongit.
Khong vt h lp phng: (Ir,Cu,Rh)S.
xinidium [16992] : phin xinii.
xitieshanite [16993] : xitieshanit.
Khong vt: Fe+3 (SO4)(OH).7H2 O.
xocomecatlite [16994] : xocomecatlit.
Khong vt h trc thoi: Cu3(TeO4)(OH)4.
xonotlite [16995] : xonotlit.
Khong vt mu hng nht, trng hoc xm:
Ca6Si6O17(OH)2.
x-pericline twin law [16996] : lut song tinh
x-periclin.
Lut song tinh phc tp trong felspat, hin
nay c coi l tng ng vi lut song tinh
Carlbad B.
X-ray [16997] : tia X.
Bc x in t phi ht, c bc sng rt ngn
trong khong 0,1-100 (10-11-10-8 m), ngha l
gia tia gamma v bc x cc tm.
Cng vit l: x-ray.
X-ray diffraction [16998] : nhiu x tia X.
Nhiu x ca chm tia X, bi cc nguyn t
trong tinh th c sp xp tun hon theo ba
phng vi khong cch lp li (thng s mng)
cng kch thc vi bc sng tia X.
n: electron diffraction.
X-ray diffraction pattern [16999] : gin
nhiu x tia X.
Gin giao thoa c trng thu c khi tia
X nhiu x bi mt cht kt tinh. Hnh thi ca
gin l hm s ca khong cch lp li
(thng s mng) ca s sp xp nguyn t trong
tinh th. Cng tia nhiu x cho thng tin v
s phn b nguyn t v thng s c s.
n: electron diffraction pattern.
X-ray emission spectroscopy [17000] : ph
hc pht x tia X.
Nghin cu c tnh cc cht bng cch kch
thch xut hin ph tia X c trng v o
bc sng hin din.
X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF)
[17001] : php o ph hunh quang tia X.
Phn tch cc nguyn t ha hc trong dung
dch mu trn c s phn tch cc tia X c
trng pht x t cc nguyn t trong mu vt.
Mu vt c chiu chm tia X mnh v cc
vch trong ph hunh quang tia X to thnh tinh
th bit hng s mng lm nhiu x theo cc
gc khc nhau, cc nguyn t trong mu vt
c nhn dng theo bc sng vch ph ca
chng v nng ca chng c xc nh theo
cng nhng vch ph . Phng php XRF
c dng phn tch cc oxid nguyn t to
(vi nhy gii hn pht hin l 0,01%) cc
nguyn t vt t F n U ( nhy ppm hoc
mg/kg). u im ca phng php XRF l c
th xc nh nhiu nguyn t ng thi trong
mu khng cn phn hy ha hc, nng sut
trn 1000 ln trong ngy.
X-ray investigation [17002] : phn tch bng
tia X.
X-ray photo-electron spectrometry [17003] :
php trc ph quang in t.
Nghin cu ph quang in t c to ra Deleted: -
bi kch thch bng tia X c trng. Nng lng
mang n bi cc in t phng ra l khc nhau
gia nng lng ht photon kch thch v nng
lng lin kt ca in t lin kt.
X-ray photograph, radiograph [17004] :
chp X quang.
X-ray powder diffraction [17005] : nhiu x
bt tia X.
Nhiu x chm tia X bi mu kt tinh dng
bt. S nh hng ln xn ca cc tinh th rt
nh trong bt cho php thu c ng thi mi
tia nhiu x c th m khng cn quay mu.
X-ray powder pattern [17006] : gin bt
tia X.
Gin thu c trong nhiu x bt tia X.
X-ray scattering [17007] : tn x tia X.
Hin tng i hng truyn tia X bi phn
x, khc x hoc nhiu x khi sng tc dng vi
i tng hoc vi mi trng truyn.
698
 X-ray spectrograph [17008] : ph k tia X.
Thit b to ra, ghi li v phn tch ph tia
X bng tia X phn x t mt mu cho trc, o
gc nhiu x v t xc nh bc sng tia X.
n: X-ray spectrometer.
X-ray spectrometer [17009] : ph k tia X.
n: X-ray spectrograph.
X-ray spectroscopy [17010] : ph hc tia X.
S quan st ph tia X v mi qu trnh ghi
chp x l km theo.
X-ray spectrum [17011] : ph tia X.
Ph tia X pht ra khi cht b bn ph bi cc
ht mang nng lng hoc bc x, bao gm hai
ph: ph c trng v ph lin tc" nm
chng ln nhau. Ph c trng c to ra do s
dch chuyn c trng bn trong nguyn t ca
cht. Ph lin tc to ra do va chm khng n
hi ca cc ht hoc tn x khng kt hp ca
bc x kch thch. Ph tia X c th pht ra bi
cc electron (chm tia catot) nh trong ng tia
X chun hoc my vi d (microprobe) in t
hoc bi cc ht nh proton trong pht x tia X
cm ht, hoc bi tia X nng lng cao hoc tia
gamma nh trong hunh quang tia X.
x twin law [17012] : lut song tinh x.
Lut song tinh bnh thng trong feldspar.
xylanthite [17013] : xylanthit.
Dng nha ha .
xylantrax [17014] : than g.
xylith [17015] : xylit.
Mt loi than lignit thnh phn hu nh l g
ha than.
xyloid coal [17016] : than lignit g.
n: woody lignite.
xyloid lignite [17017] : than lignit g.
n: woody lignite.
xylopal [17018] : xylopal.
n: wood opal.
xylotile [17019] : xylotil.
Khong vt dng si rt p, c cng thc
gn ng: (Mg,Fe+2)3Fe+32Si7O20.10H2O. L
khong vt serpentin thnh to do asbest hoc
chrysolit b bin i.
699
 yacente [17020] : tr mnh.
yadar [17021] : ng c gn cc Bc.
yafsoanite [17022] : yafsoanit.
Y yedlinite [17036] : yedlinit.
Khong vt: (Zn,Ca,Pb)3TeO6.
yagiite [17023] : yagit.
Khong vt nhm osumilit:
(Na,K)3Mg4(Al,Mg)6(Si,Al)24O60.
yaila [17024] : ng c cao vng ni Crime.
yamaskite [17025] : yamaskit.
pyroxenit ht nh n trung bnh cha
hornblend, titanogit v t anortit, khong vt
ph: biotit v oxid st; cn gi l jacupirangit.
Tn gi theo a danh Yamaska, Quebec,
Canada. Khng nn dng na.
yamatoite [17026] : yamatoit.
Khong vt cui gi thit ca nhm granat:
Mn3V2(SiO4)3.
yaroslavite [17027] : yaroslavit.
Khong vt: Ca3Al2F10(OH)2.H2O.
yarrowite [17028] : yarowit.
Khong vt h su phng Cu9S8. Cng vi
spionkoppit, trc y c coi l blaubleibend
covellite".
yatalite [17029] : yatalit.
pegmatit ch yu gm c amphibol (thay
cho pyroxen), albit, magnetit, sphen v t thch
anh. Tn mang a danh Yatala, nam Australia.
Khng nn dng.
Yavapai [17030] : Yavapai.
Lot khu vc Bc M. Tin Cambri.
yavapaiite [17031] : yavapait.
Khong vt h n nghing: KFe(SO4)2.
year book [17032] : nin lch.
year-climate [17033] : kh hu trong nm.
yeath [17034] : phin en.
yeatmanite [17035] : yeatmanit.
Khong vt lin quan cht ch vi catoptrit:
(Mn+25Sb+52)(Mn+22Zn8Si4)O28.
Khong vt h ba phng: Pb6CrCl6(O,OH)8.
yellow arsenic [17037] : arsen mu vng.
n: orpiment.
yellow copperas [17038] : sulfat st hai
mu vng.
n: copiapite.
yellow copper ore [17039] : qung ng
mu vng.
n: chalcopyrite.
yellow earth [17040] : t mu vng.
t hu c mu vng cha tp cht.
yellow-green algae [17041] : to lc-vng (cs)
Mt nhm To (Chrysophyta) c mu xanh
lc pht vng n nu vng, thng c mt v t
bo gm nhng on nm gi ln nhau. Chng
gm c n bo ln si trong tp tnh v hu ht
sng nc ngt.
yellow lead ore [17042] : qung ch mu vng.
n: wulfenite.
yellow ocher [17043] : ocher (son) mu vng.
1- Hn hp ca limonit thng vi st v Deleted: (a)
silica, c dng lm bt mu. n: sil.
2- Limonit hoc goethit mu vng, mm, Deleted: (b)
ging t.
yellow ore [17044] : qung mu vng.
Khong vt qung mu vng, c bit l
carnotit v chalcopyrit.
yellow pyrites [17045] : pyrites mu vng.
n: chalcopyrite.
yellow quartz [17046] : thch anh mu vng.
n: citrine.
yellow tellurium [17047] : teluri mu vng.
n: cylvanite.
yenite [17048] : yenit.
n: ilvaite.
yftisite [17049] : yftisit.
Khong vt:
700
 (Y,Re)4(F,OH)6(Ti,Sn)O(SiO4)2.
ygapo [17050] : rng m ly Amozon.
yield [17051] : chy, chy do, bin dng do;
lng nc khai thc; (h s) nh nc
(cctr).
1- Ni v trng thi, gi tr ng sut, hoc
thi im ti t, khng ch cn bin dng
n hi m bt u c bin dng do (bin dng
vnh cu). Khi , mt phn bin dng bt u
khng th hi phc c na, hay t khng
th tr li hnh dng ban u c na sau khi
d ti.
2- Lng nc c th khai thc lin tc t h
s dng cho bt k mc ch kinh t no.
3- Kh nng ca t bo ha nc cho
mt phn nc thot ra di tc ng ca trng
lc, c c trng bi h s nh nc, biu th
bng s l thp phn ca n v hoc %.
yield criterion [17052] : tiu chun chy do.
yield envelope [17053] : ng bao chy do.
yielding pillars [17054] : ct tr m b bin
dng chy do.
Thng gp trong cc vn liu v khai thc
hm l, khi ti trng ln cc tr m tr nn
cao n mc cc bin dng xy ra trong tr
khng ch n thun l bin dng n hi na.
bt u xut hin bin dng do (bin dng
vnh cu).
yield load density [17055] : ti trng chy
do.
yield point [17056] : im chy do.
yield strain [17057] : bin dng chy do.
Bin dng ti v tr gii hn chy.
yield strength [17058] : sc bn chy do.
yield stress [17059] : ng sut chy do.
ng sut thp nht m n bin dng tng
khi p sut khng tng. y chnh l on nm
ngang trn ng cong ng sut-bin dng, l
ranh gii gia trng thi n hi v trng
thi do.
yield surface [17060] : mt cong, mt bao
chy do.
yimengite [17061] : yimengit.
Khong vt: K(Cr,Ti,Fe,Mg)12O19, ng hnh
vi magnetoplumbit.
yixunite [17062] : yixunit.
Khong vt h lp phng: PtIn.
Ynezian [17063] : Ynezi.
Bc Bc M. Paleocen h (nm trn Creta
thng, nm di Bulit).
yoderite [17064] : yderit.
Khong vt tinh khit: (Mg,Al)8Si4(O,OH)20.
yofortierite [17065] : yofortierit.
Khong vt h n nghing, cha Mn tng
t palygorskit, Mg v tr tm mt.
yoked basin [17066] : a mng chun;
bn Yoked.
yolka [17067] : than khng dnh kt.
yoshimuraite [17068] : yoshimurait.
Khong vt mu nu - vng da cam :
(Ba,Sr)2TiMn2(SiO4)2(PO4,SO4)(OH,Cl).
young [17069] : tr. Deleted: v giai on tr ca chu trnh
V giai on tr ca chu trnh xi mn, c xi mn, c bit l dng chy khng
pht trin c trc din cn bng v v
bit l dng chy khng pht trin c trc thung lng ca n
din cn bng v v thung lng ca n.
n: youthful.
young lake [17070] : h tr.
H pht trin trong giai on tr.
youngland [17071] : a hnh tr.
B mt a hnh c cc cao nguyn v cc
thung lng hnh thnh trong giai on tr ca
chu trnh xi mn.
young mountain [17072] : ni tr.
Ni c hnh thnh trong giai on tam
hay t, c bit l ni un np c to ra
trong thi k ln cui cng ca qu trnh un
np (giai on to ni Anpi).
young stream [17073] : sui tr.
Dng sui mi pht trin giai on u
(mi c hnh thnh).
Young's modulus (modulus of elasticity)
[17074] : hng s n hi Young.
L hng s n hi do Young xut trn c
s tin hnh th nghim nn n trc trn mu
. C th thy l hng s n hi dc trc ca
mu vt, tuy vy, li thay i trong sut qu
trnh cht ti, v do , khng phi l mt hng
s vt liu c xc nh mt cch n tr. C
nhiu cch xc nh n vi nhiu tn gi khc
nhau nh: Modul n hi tip tuyn, l dc
ca ng cong ng sut-bin dng dc trc khi
mu vt t ti 50% sc bn cc i ca n;
Modul n hi trung bnh, l dc trung bnh
ca on tng i thng ca ng cong ng
sut-bin dng dc trc; Modul n hi ct
tuyn, l dc ca on thng ni im u
ca ng cong ng sut bin dng dc trc vi
mt im khc ca ng cong ti mt phn
trm nht nh no ca sc bn cc i.
youth [17075] : youth, giai on tr ca pht
trin a hnh.
1- Giai on pht trin ca b, ng b,
vng b c c trng bi khng hnh thnh
trc din cn bng. i vi ng b b nhn
701
chm, ng ngoi khng u hoc rng ca, tc
ng sng mnh, hnh thnh vch ng v cc
dng xi mn kt hp, trc din b ngoi dc,
th hin r vnh, mi nh, o ngoi khi, doi,
ct v cc dng khng u th yu khc. i
vi ng b c nng ln, ng b thng
thng n gin, sng rng b v ngoi khi,
sng nh hn vo c t lin to ra vch
ng thp v cc hnh to ca bi bin chn,
m ph, m ly.
2- Giai on u pht trin ca chu trnh xi
mn trong s pht trin ca a hnh hoc cnh
quan ca mt vng, ni m b mt hoc cu trc
nguyn thy vn cn thng tr c im ca a
hnh. N c c trng bi c mt s sng tr
rng thong, b mt vng giu sng c nh
bng, rng, t b bin ci do xi mn, h thng
sng phn ct yu vi nhiu m ly, h nng
v mc phn ct c tng ln nhanh chng
do a hnh a phng phc tp, sn dc v b
mt ni cao r trn mc bin.
3- Giai on pht trin u tin (ca
dng sui).
Ypresian [17076] : Ypresi.
Bc do Dumont thnh lp nm 1849, theo tn
thnh ph Ypre B. Bc thp nht ca Eocen
(nm trn Thanet ca Paleocen, nm di
Lutet),
Y-shaped valley [17077] : thung lng dng
ch Y.
Thung lng tr ha, dc sng tng ln do
nng cao vng thng ngun.
Y-tombolo [17078] : ct ni o dng ch
Y; th cha nc gia hai nhnh sng hnh
ch Y.
ytterbium [17079] : yterbi (Yb).
Nguyn t ha hc s 70, nguyn t lng
173,043; t trng 6,966g/cm3, thuc nhm kim
loi nng, REE, lithophil, c 7 ng v bn v
26 ng v khng bn. Hm lng Yb trong cc
(ppm): v lc a trn l 1,5; siu mafic 0,3;
gabro-bazan 3,2; granit-granodiorit 4,8;
phin 3,2; trong t 3,3. Khong vt tiu biu l
monazit, bastnaesit, cerit, alanit. Phng php
phn tch: ICP-MS. Dng Yb trong cc ngnh
ha hc, laze, ng tia X.
yttrialite [17080] : ytrialit.
Khong vt mu lc oliu:
(Y,Th)2Si2O7. Ss: thalenite.
yttrium [17081] : ytri (Y).
Nguyn t ha hc s 39, nguyn t lng
88,9058; t trng 4,469g/cm3, thuc nhm kim
loi nh, lithophil, c 1 ng v bn v 37 ng
v khng bn. Hm lng Y trong cc (ppm):
v lc a trn l 20,7; siu mafic 2; gabro -
bazan 20; granit - granodiorit 35; phin 30;
trong t 20. Khong vt tiu biu l monazit,
bastnaesit, xenotim, ythialit (Y,Th)2Si2O7,
euxinit (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6. Phng
php phn tch: ICP-MS, ICP-AES. Dng Y
trong cc lnh vc gm s, xc tc, cng ngh
ht nhn, knh, hp kim, siu dn nhit cao,
laze, vt liu hunh quang.
yttrocerite [17082] : ytrocerit.
Mt bin th mu xanh tm ca khong vt
ytrofluorit cha xeri.
yttrocolumbite [17083] : ytrocolumbit.
Khong vt:
(Y,U,Fe)(Nb,Ta)O4. Ss: yttrotantalite.
yttrocrasite [17084] : ytrocrasit.
Khong vt mu en:
(Y,Th,U,Ca)Ti2(O,OH)6.
yttrofluorite [17085] : ytrofluorit.
Khong vt (Ca,Y)F2-3 l mt bin th ca
fluorit cha Y.
yttrotantalite [17086] : ytrotantalit.
Khong vt mu en n nu :
(Y,U,Fe)(Ta,Nb)O4. Ss: yttrocolumbite.
yttrotungstite [17087] : ytrotungstit.
Khong vt: YW2O6(OH)3 (?), c th cha
mt t thori. Ss: thorotungstite.
yugawaralite [17088] : yugawaralit.
Khong vt zeolit: CaAl2Si6O16.4H2O.
yukonite [17089] : yukonit.
1- Khong vt khng kt tinh: Deleted: (a)
Ca3Fe+37(AsO4)6(OH)9.18H2O(?).
2- T c, dng ch xm nhp c thnh Deleted: (b)
phn trung gian gia tonalit v aplit. c gi
theo tn sng Yukon, Alaska.
yuksporite [17090] : yuksporit.
Khong vt:
(Na,K)1,08 (Ca,Sr,Ba)1,06 (Ti,Al,Fe)0,65 Si2O4 (F,
Cl)0,510,79H2O, thuc nhm astrophylit v lin
quan vi bafertisit.
702
 zairite [17091] : zairit.
Z
Khong vt: Bi(Fe,Al)3(PO4)2(OH)6. Thnh
vin ca nhm crandalit v l khong vt tng
t cha Fe ca waylandit.
zakhorovite [17092] : zakhorovit.
Khong vt: Na4Mn+25Si10O24(OH)6.6H2O
hoc Na3Mn+25Si10O24(OH)5.6H2O.
Zanclean [17093] : Zancle.
Bc chu u, Pliocen gia (trn Misini
di Plaisanci). X: Tabianian.
zapatalite [17094] : zapatalit.
Khong vt bn phng:
Cu3Al4(PO4)3(OH)9.4H2O.
zaphrentid [17095] : zaphrentid (Zaphrentidae).
San h thuc mt h gm nhng dng n
th c s xp sp vch kiu x l cht lng
chim, khng c m bt hoc cc cu trc trc.
zaratite [17096] : zaratit.
Khong vt mu lc emerald:
Ni3CO3)(OH)4.4H2O, gp trong khi cht st
hoc kt v th sinh. n: emerald nickel.
zavaritskite [17097] : zavaritskit.
Khong vt: BiOF.
z-bean torsion balance [17098] : my o o
hm d thng trng lc.
zeasite [17099] : zeasit.
L mt loi opal. Tn c trc y ch
opal ngn la, hin nay l opal g
(wood opal).
zebra dolomite [17100] : dolomit vn, dolomit
phn di.
Thut ng c dng qun Leadville,
Colorodo cho dolomit phn di bao gm
nhng di kin trc ht ln xp song song vi
nhng di kin trc ht nh. X: zebra rock.
zebraic chalcedony [17101] : chalcedon
nga vn.
Chalcedon khi t di hai nicol vung gc
th hin cc di si trng en xen k khng
theo quy lut trng ging nga vn. Nguyn
nhn ca hin tng l s quay xon c ca cc
hp phn tinh th nh thch anh.
zebra layering [17102] : tnh phn lp vn,
tnh phn lp dng nhp.
Tnh phn lp dng nhp (rhythmic layering),
gm nhng di sng mu, ti mu xen k nhau,
c th l cc di pyroxen v plagioclas.
zebra limestone [17103] : vi vn, vi
phn di.
Thut ng c dng ch vi phn di bi
nhng khe nt song song lp y calcit.
zebra rock [17104] : vn, phn di.
1- Thut ng c dng qun Colville,
ng bc bang Washington cho dolomit phn
di gm nhng xen k vi nhng lp mu trng,
ht ln sng mu, i ch rng.
2- Thut ng cn c dng ty Australia
cho cha thch anh tui Cambri.
zebroid structure [17105] : cu to phn gii.
S phn di in hnh ca dolomit phn
di. n: zebra dolomite.
Zechstein [17106] : Zechstein.
Thng chu u (c bit c) Permi trn
(trn Rotliegende). N bao gm c bc
Thuringi.
zeilleriid [17107] : zeilleriid.
Ni v loi quai tay di ca Tay cun khng
gn vo vch lng nhng dng trng thnh,
nh lin h Zeilleriacea.
zektzerite [17108] : zektzerit.
Khong vt h trc thoi: LiNaZrSi6O15.
zellerite [17109] : zelerit.
Khong vt th sinh mu vng chanh:
Ca(UO2)(CO3)2.5H2 O.
zemannite [17110] : zemanit.
Khong vt: (Zn, Fe)2(TeO3)NaxH2-x.yH2O.
Zemorrian [17111] : Zemori.
Bc Bc M: Oligocen v Miocen (trn
Refugi, di Saucesi).
zeolite [17112] : zeolit.
703
 1- Tn chung cho mt nhm ln cc khong
vt alumosilicat cha nc mu trng hoc
khng mu (i khi mu hoc vng), c
thnh phn tng t feldspar vi cc kim loi
chnh l natri, calci, kali (i khi bari, stronxi).
C t s ca (Al+Si) vi oxy khng to nc l
1: 2. Nt c trng l d mt v thu li nc
hydrat v d nng chy, trng n khi b t
nng bng ng thi. Zeolit c bit n t lu
nh nhng tinh th hnh dng p trong
bazan, nhng ph bin hn l dng khong vt
ti sinh trong trm tch cc h mui, bin su,
c bit l trong lp ph ca tuf. Chng c
thnh to "cng vi hoc sau khi b nhn
chm, ch yu l do tc dng ca nc l hng
vi cc vt liu allumosilicat rn (v d: thy
tinh ni la, feldspar, silica ngun gc sinh vt,
khong vt st).
2- Khong vt bt k trong nhm zeolit, bao
gm natrolit, heulandit, analcim, chabazit, stibit,
mesolit, scolecit, philipsit, laumontit, mordenit,
clinoptilolit, erionit, harmotom, v cc khong
vt khc km quan trng hn cng nh cc
khong vt cn cha phn loi.
3- Bt k mt silicat t nhin (v d:
glauconit) hoc alumosilicat natri nhn to no
c dng trong phng php trao i baz lm
mm nc hoc lm cht ht kh, cht hp ph
kh. Thut ng ny, ngy nay bao gm nhiu
nhm hp cht khc nhau nh cht hu c
sulfonat, cao su baso, tc l nhng cht c tc
ng tng t vi hiu ng trao i cation hoc
anion. T gc Hylp zein l si.
zeolite facies [17113] : tng zeolit.
Nhm cc t hp cng sinh khong vt bin
cht (tng bin cht) gm cc zeolit nh
analcim, heulandit, stibit, laumontit v wairakit.
Pht trin mnh trong metagraywack v
metabasalt, l tng bin cht trnh thp
nht, nm chuyn tip gia qu trnh ha
(cha bin cht) v tng prenit-pumpelyit hay
tng phin lc. Cc tp hp zeolit khc nhau
c th so snh vi su chn vi.
zeolitic ore deposits [17114] : m qung
c zeolit.
M qung, c bit ng t sinh trong basalt
trong c zeolit, mc d khng nht thit phi
nhiu, v cc khong vt mch.
zeolitization [17115] : zeolit ho.
S bin i hoc thay th bng mt hay nhiu
khong vt ca nhm zeolit. Qu trnh ch yu
xy ra trong cha feldspar calci hoc feld-
spathoid, i khi i km khong ho ng.
zeophyllite [17116] : zeophylit.
Khong vt h ba phng mu trng:
Ca4Si3O7(OH)4 F2, i khi cha st. Deleted: (a)
zero adjustment [17117] : hiu chnh im 0
(trong my o trng lc).
zero air voids curve [17118] : ng m bo
ha (m Proctor).
ng biu th rng bng khng (th
nghim m cht Proctor).
zero air voids density [17119] : dung trng
ca t trng thi m bo ha.
zero creep [17120] : dch chuyn im 0 (my
o trng lc).
zeroing [17121] : hiu chnh im 0 (thm d
trng lc).
zeugogeosyncline [17122] : a mng chun.
L mt a mng chun, tip gip vi mt
vng b nng cao hoc nm trong craton, c
trm tch phn lp, l mt mng ni craton.
n: yocked basin.
zeunerite [17123] : zeunerit. Deleted: (b)
Khong vt th sinh mu lc ca nhm
autunit: Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2.10-16H2O, ng hnh
vi uranospinit.
zeylanite [17124] : zeylanit.
n: ceylonite.
Deleted: (c)
zhemchuzhnikovite [17125] : zhemchuzh-
nikovit.
Khong vt oxalat mu lc:
NaMg(Al, Fe+3)(C2O4).8H2O.
zigzag ridge [17126] : g dch dc.
Mt g lin tc lc u ko theo mt hng
sau li theo hng khc. G dch dc c
to nn trong cc ni un np.
zinasite [17127] : zinasit.
Khong vt st: Zn7Al4(SiO4)6(OH)2.9H2O.
zinc [17128] : km (Zn).
1- Tn La tinh l zincum. Nguyn t ha hc
s 30, nguyn t lng 65,392; t trng
7,133g/cm3, thuc nhm kim loi nng,
chalcophil, c 5 ng v bn v 23 khng bn.
Hm lng Zn trong cc (ppm): v lc a
trn l 52; siu mafic 60; gabro-bazan 100;
grani-granidiorit 50; phin 100; trong t 70,
trong nc i dng 0,0049mg/l; nc sng
sui 0,015mg/l. Cc khong vt tiu biu l
sphalerit ZnS, wurtzit ZnS, smitsonit ZnSO4,
zincit ZnO. Km c dng rng ri trong cc
ngnh m km, pin, cht to mu, hp kim, cao
su, ha, sn, knh thy tinh, plastic, bo qun
g, dc phm, thuc dit nm, xy dng.
2- Khong vt mu trng lam, nguyn t kim
loi t sinh Zn, cha khng nh c s tn ti
ca km t sinh mc d tm thy trong basalt v
trong ct cha vng Victoria, Australia.
zincaluminite [17129] : zincaluminit.
704
 Khong vt mu lam sng:
Zn6Al6(SO4)2(OH)26.5H2O.
zinc blende [17130] : sulphur km.
n: sphalerite.
zinc bloom [17131] : km oxid.
n: hydrozincite.
zincite [17132] : zincit.
Khong vt dn, mu n vng:
(Zn,Mn)O, l qung km, i cng vi
franklinit v wilemit nh New Jersey. n: red
zinc ore; red oxide of zinc; ruby zinc; spattalite.
zinckenite [17133] : zinckenit.
Khong vt mu xm thp Pb6Sb14, cn gi l
zinkenit. n: keeleyite.
zinc-melanterite [17134] : melanterit-km.
Khong vt h n nghing:
(Zn,Cu,Fe)SO4.7H2O.
zincobotryogen [17135] : zincobotryogen.
Khong vt: (Zn,Mg,Mn)Fe(SO4)2.7H2O.
zincocopiapite [17136] : zincocopiapit.
Khong vt ZnFe4(SO4)6(OH)2.18H2O.
zincrosasite [17137] : zincrosasit.
Khong vt: (Zn,Cu)2(CO3)(OH)2., l rosasit
cha km nhiu hn ng.
zincsilite [17138] : zincsilit.
Khong vt: Zn3Si4O10(OH)2nH2O, l khong
vt cui khng cha nhm ca dy
montmorilonit - auconit.
zinc spar [17139] : qung cacbonat km.
n: smithsonite.
zinc spinel [17140] : spinel km.
n: gahnite.
zinc vitriol [17141] : sulphat km
n: goslarite. Goslarit l khong vt
ZnSO4.7H2O hnh thnh do s oxy ha sphalerit.
zinc-zippeite [17142] : zipeit km.
Khong vt h trc thoi:
Zn2(UO2)6(SO4)3(OH)10.16H2O
zinkenite [17143] : zinkenit.
Khong vt h su phng mu xm thp:
Pb6Sb14S27. n: keeleyite; zinckenite.
zinnwaldite [17144] : zinwaldit.
Khong vt nhm mica:
K2(Li,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH,F)4. L bin th
lepidolit cha st mu tm nht, pht vng, nu
hoc xm ti, l mica c trng cho greizen.
zippeite [17145] : zipeit.
Khong vt h trc thoi:
K4(UO2)6(SO4)3(OH)10.4H2O.
zircon [17146] : zircon.
Khong vt: ZrSiO4. Gp dng lng tr bn
phng, c nhiu mu khc nhau. Thng l
khong vt ph trong xm nhp silic, vi
kt tinh, phin v gneiss, v cng t c
a vo trm tch, sa khong sng, bin. L
qung chnh ca zircon. c dng lm cht
chu la. Khi c mi ct v nh bng, zircon
khng mu l th ngc lp lnh him c.
n: zirconite; hyacinth; jacinith. Deleted: hoa km
zirconite [17147] : zirconit.
Zircon mu xm hoc nu.
zirconium [17148] : zirconi (Zr).
Nguyn t ha hc s 40, nguyn t lng
91,224; t trng 6,506g/cm3, thuc nhm kim
loi nng, lithophil, c 5 ng v bn v 26 ng
v khng bn. Hm lng Zr trong cc (ppm):
v lc a trn l 237; siu mafic 30; gabro-
basalt 120; granit-granodiorit 200; phin 160;
trong t 230. Khong vt tiu biu l zircon,
badeleyit. Phng php phn tch: ICP-MS, ICP-
AES, XRF. Dng Zr trong cc ngnh knh, gm
s, mi, cng ngh ht nhn, hp kim, cht tr
dng hn v thuc n.
zirconolite [17149] : zirconolit.
n: zirkelite.
zircophyllite [17150] : zircophylit.
Khong vt nhm astrophylit:
(K,Na,Ca)3(Mn,Fe2)7(Zr,Nb)2Si8O27(OH,F)4.
Cn vit l: zircophyllite.
zircosulfate [17151] : zircosulfat.
Khong vt: Zr(SO4)2.4H2O.
zirkelite [17152] : zirkelit.
1- Khong vt thuc nhm pyrochlor : Deleted: spat km
(Ca,Th,Ce) Zr(Ti,Nb)2O7. n: zirconolite.
2- Thy tinh basalt b bin i. Thut ng
khng cn dng.
zirklerite [17153] : zirklerit.
Khongvt:
(Fe,Mg,Ca)9Al4Cl18(OH)12.14H2O (?).
zirkophyllite [17154] : zirkophylit.
n: zircophyllite.
zirsinalite [17155] : zirsinalit.
Khong vt h ba phng:
Na6(Ca, Mn, Fe) ZrSi6O18.
Zlichovian [17156] : Zlichov.
Bc chu u, do Chlupac (1958) xc lp
theo tn lng Zlichov Tip, bc trn cng ca
Devon h (nm trn Praga, nm di Eifeli). Deleted: ,
zoisite [17157] : zoisit. Deleted: l
Khong vt h trc thoi thuc nhm epidot:
Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH), thng cha st ba, mu
trng, xm, nu, lc v hng, gp trong
bin cht (c bit l phin thnh to t
xm nhp giu calci), cc xm nhp b bin
i, l hp phn chnh ca sasurit.
zonal axis [17158] : trc i.
n: zone axis.
zonal equation [17159] : nh lut i.
705
 Pht biu nh sau: nu mt mt tinh th cho
trc c k hiu l (hkl), thuc mt i c trc
l [uvw] th hu+kv+lw = 0.
zonality [17160] : tnh phn i.
L nt c trng trong cu to ca vnh phn
tn. N biu hin s thay i c quy lut cc
yu t ca vnh trong khng gian v nguyn
sinh mang tnh nh hng. Theo mi tng
quan vi thn qung c th chia ra ba kiu phn
i c bn: phn i ng, phn i dc, phn
i ngang.
zonal structure [17161] : cu trc phn i.
n: zoning.
zonal theory [17162] : l thuyt phn i.
L thuyt v s thnh to m khong c
ngun gc su v s phn b trong khng gian
ca cc t hp khong vt do s thay i dung
dch mang qung c vn chuyn t mt ngun
magma. ng thi cng quan tm ti s thay
i iu kin l ha c lin quan ti ngun gc
ca cc m qung: lin quan trc tip vi ngun
magma hoc khng r rng. phm vi rng ln
chnh l phn i sinh khong (metallogenic
zoning). n: zoning of ore deposit.
zonation [17163] : phn i, phn di.
zone [17164] : i, vng, khu vc.
1- Mt khong nh ca mt phn v no
trong h thng phn chia a tng. C nhiu loi
i khc nhau nh sinh i, thch i, thi i,
i khong vt, i bin cht, i nghch o
trng t, v.v. Tn i thng km theo khi
nim s dng phn chia.
2- n: crystal zone.
zone axis [17165] : trc i.
ng thng hoc phng tinh th i qua
tm tinh th v song song vi giao tuyn ca cc
mt to i. n: zonal axis.
zoned crystal [17166] : tinh th phn i.
Mt n tinh th ca mt loi khong vt c
thnh phn ho hc khc nhau theo i c
thnh to do s d tha mt s nguyn t trong
qu trnh ngui lnh ca magma.
zone of accumulation [17167] : i tch t.
Phm vi trt t c vt liu b trt nm ln
trn mt t nguyn sinh.
zone of aeration [17168] : i thng kh.
Lp trn cng ca v Tri t nm di mt
t, trn mc nc ngm, y cc l hng v
khe nt ca t ch cha khng kh cng hi
nc mng mng v nc mao dn. Khi c ma,
nc ma thm qua i ny b cp cho nc
ngm.
zone of brecciation [17169] : i dm
kt ha.
zone of capillary [17170] : i mao dn.
zone of capillary saturation [17171] : i
(tng) bo ho nc mao qun.
zone of competent folding [17172] : i un
np mnh.
zone of constant temperature [17173] : i
nhit khng i
zone of crush [17174] : i dp v, i t
gy c nt (trong qu trnh bin dng)
zone of deposition [17175] : i tch t
zone of discharge [17176] : i thot nc
zone of discontinuity [17177] : i khng lin
tc, i gin on
zone of dissipation [17178] : i tan mn (ca
bng).
zone of enrichment [17179] : i lm giu.
zone of erosion [17180] : i xi mn.
zone of faults [17181] : i t gy.
zone of flowage [17182] : i chy (ca v
tri t).
zone of fluctuation [17183] : i dao ng
(mc nc).
n: belt of fluctuation. Formatted
zone of folding [17184] : i un np.
zone of fracture [17185] : i dp v, i ph
Deleted:
v, ph hy, c nt, trong t .
zone of fracture and plastic flow [17186] :
i dn v do.
zone of freezing [17187] : i ng gi.
zone of growth [17188] : i sinh trng.
zone of high fatal temperature [17189] : i
nhit cao gy cht.
zone of inactivity [17190] : i khng hot
ng.
zone of influence of an excavation [17191] :
i nh hng khai o.
i t vy quanh mt cng trnh khai
o, trong xy ra nhng bin dng do cng
tc khai o gy ra, c th cm nhn thy c
bng cc bin dng k. V l thuyt, i nh
hng do khai o c th v cng rng. Song
thng thng, trong k thut cng trnh, ngi
ta ch gii hn i nh hng ti mt khong
cch nht nh tnh t tm cng trnh khai o.
n: near field domain of an excavation.
zone of littoral drift [17192] : i tri dt ven
b.
zone of mechanical flow [17193] : i chy
c hc.
zone of minerallization [17194] : i khong
ho.
zone of normal distribution [17195] : i
phn b bnh thng.
zone of occasional distribution [17196] : i
706
 phn b bt thng
zone of oxidation [17197] : i oxy ho
zone of percolation [17198] : i thm
zone of plasticity [17199] : i bin dng do
i t vy quanh mt cng trnh khai
o, trong t bt u chu bin dng do.
Da vo trng thi ng sut v sc bn, hay ng
sut chy do ca t , c th xc nh c
ln ca i bin dng do.
zone of production [17200] : i khai thc
zone of recrystallization [17201] : i ti kt
tinh.
zone of reproduction [17202] : i kh.
zone of saturation [17203] : i bo ha.
Phn thch quyn m cc l hng v khe nt
ca t u cha y nc.
zone of seasonal change [17204] : i thay
i theo ma.
zone of solution [17205] : i ha tan.
zone of surging [17206] : i dng phng
(un np).
zone of transition [17207] : i qu ,
chuyn tip.
zone of transparency [17208] : i thu sng
( bin).
zone of uplift [17209] : i dng.
zone of weakness [17210] : i xung yu.
zone symbol [17211] : k hiu i.
K hiu trc i ca tinh th, v d k hiu
trc i ca lot mt (hk0) l [001].
zoning [17212] : phn i.
1-(bc) Mt vng bin cht c nhiu i
m mi i cha mt khong vt hay mt tp
hp khong vt c trng va phn nh thnh
phn nguyn thy ca , va phn nh iu
kin p sut v nhit thnh to, ko di
hot ng bin cht. Bin cht hon ton ng
ha.
2-(kv) S thay i thnh phn ca tinh th t
tm ra ra khi c s tch pha trong qu trnh sinh
trng do mt cn bng ca dy phn ng lin
tc. Cc pha nhit cao tm, cc pha nhit
thp tin dn v pha ra. n: zonal structure.
zoogene [17213] : ngun ng vt.
zoogenic [17214] : ngun ng vt.
zoogenic rock [17215] : ngun gc ng
vt.
c thnh to t ng vt hoc lin quan
vi hot ng ca ng vt, v d: vi v s,
rn san h, phn chim bin, bn cha calcit ho.
Ss: zoolith. n: zoogenous rock.
zoogenous [17216] : ngun ng vt.
zoogenous rock [17217] : ngun gc ng
vt.
n: zoogenic rock.
zoogeography [17218] : a l ng vt hc.
L mt nhnh ca sinh a l nghin cu s
phn b v mt a l ca ng vt.
zoolite [17219] : zoolit, ng vt.
Mt ho thch ng vt. n: zoolith.
zoolith [17220] : ng vt.
1- n: zoolite.
2- L loi sinh vt c hnh thnh bi
hot ng ca ng vt hoc bao gm cc tn d
ca ng vt; l ngun ng vt.
zoology [17221] : ng vt hc.
zoophasmic [17222] : zoophasmic.
Mt loi dolomit hoc vi ti kt tinh c
cha du vt r rng ca ho thch ng vt.
zorite [17223] : zorit.
Khong vt h trc thoi:
Na2Ti(Si,Al)3O9.nH2O.
Zuloagan [17224] : Zuloagan.
Bc Bc M, Jura trn (trn Jura c, di
Lacasitan) tng ng v khi lng vi
Europan Oxfordian.
zussmanite [17225] : zusmanit.
Khong vt:
K(Fe,Mg,Mn)13(Si,Al)18O42(OH)14.
z-variometer [17226] : my o thnh phn
thng ng ca trng t.
zvyagintsevite [17227] : zvyaginsevit.
Khong vt: (Pd,Pt)3 (Pb,Sn).
zwieselite [17228] : zwieselit.
Khong vt h n nghing:
(Fe+2,Mn)2(PO4)F, cng dy vi triplit.
zygolophe [17229] : th lc c tay i xng
hai bn.
Th lc ca Tay cun c tay thng hay dng
li lim mang hai dy phn ph kp dng si.
zykaite [17230] : zykait.
Khong vt: Fe+34(AsO4)3(SO4)(OH).15H2O.
zynyite [17231] : zynyit.
Khong vt: Al13Si5O20(OH,F)18Cl. Gp
dng tinh th nh, h bn phng, trong sut.
707
708
 t in mi cp nht
STT T ting Anh T ting Vit. Gii thch Sa TT
c mi
14096 solution breccia dm kt do ha tan. Dm kt do sp , ph hy thnh to bi cc vt liu d ha tan c dung dch c r 1
vn chuyn i tng phn hoc ton b lm cho mt n nh v v vn ra. Th
d loi dm kt bao gm cc mnh vn phin silic c tch t li t vi khi
vt liu carbonat ca n b ha tan ht. X: evaporite-solution breccia. n:
ablation breccia.
evaporite-solution breccia dm kt do ha tan evaporit. Thut ng c Sloss v Laird s dng nm 1947 ch loi dm kt do ha tan m r 2
thnh to bi nhng evaporit c kh nng ha tan (mui m, anhydrit, thch cao,
v.v.) c vn chuyn i.
ablation breccia dm kt do tan mn. n: solution breccia. Mi 3
ablation rate tc tan mn, mc tan mn. S lng bng hoc tuyt mt i trong mt n v thi gian t mt sng bng, Mi 4
tng bng hoc lp tuyt ph. Thng c th hin bi s milimet ng lng
nc trong mt gi hoc trong mt ngy.
ablation season ma tan mn, tit tan mn. n: summer season. Mi 5
summer season ma tan mn, tit tan mn. Trong bng gi hc, l thi k trong mt nm xy ra s gim khi lng ca m r 6
bng h t cc i n cc tiu. l thi k, tnh trung bnh c s vt tri ca
tan mn so vi tch ng ca bng h. n : ablation. Ss : inter season.
winter season ma tch ng, tit tch ng. Trong bng gi hc, l thi k trong mt nm xy ra s tng khi lng ca m r 7
bng h t cc tiu n cc i. l phn thi gian ca nm, tnh trung bnh c
s vt tri ca tch ng bng h so vi tan mn. n : accumulation season. Ss :
summer season.
accumulation rate tc tch ng, mc tch S lng bng hoc tuyt tch ng vo sng bng, tng bng hoc lp tuyt ph Mi 8
ng. trong mt n v thi gian. Thng c th hin bng milimet ng lng nc
cho mt gi hoc mt ngy.
accumulative rock tch t. hnh thnh do tch t trm tch. 9
n: cumulate. sa
cumulate cumulat (dt), tch ng, Mt loi magma c thnh to bi s tch ng ca cc tinh th tch ra t m r 10
tch t magma do tc ng ca trng lc. n : accumulative rock.
comagmatic region vng ng magma m r 11
anion anion. Ion mang in tch m. Sa 12
atom nguyn t. (tt): atomic. Mi 13
atomic nguyn t (tt). Mi 14
atomic number nguyn t s, s th t nguyn S proton trong ht nhn nguyn t. n: proton number. Mi 15
t.

1
atomic weight nguyn t lng. Tng khi lng ca cc proton v neutron trong hatj nhn nguyn t ca mt Mi 16
nguyn t.
abundance phong ph. 1-Thut ng dng trong sinh thi hc ch s lng c th ca mt taxon ring 17
bit trn mt din phn b hoc mt khi lng trm tch nht nh. sa
2-Trong a ha hc l tp trung trung bnh ca mt nguyn t trong mt
trng a ha, th d phong ph ca Ni trong thin thch hoc Oxy trong v
Tri t. Cng cn c s dng ch hm lng trung bnh c tnh so snh, th
d v phong ph ca cc nguyn t trong v Tri t l O, Si, Al, Fe, Ca, v.v.;
trong v tr c tnh c 1 nguyn t Li th c 10 000 nguyn t Si (Suess v Urey,
1956).
abukumalite britholit-(Y) Mi 18
Abukuma-type facies lot tng kiu Abukuma. Cc c thnh to trong cng mt kiu bin cht nhit ng khu vc, t tn Mi 19
series theo cao nguyn Abukuma Nht Bn, c trng bi cc khong vt ch th (theo
th t tng dn ca mc bin cht) biotit-andalusit-cordierit-silimanit, i din
cho tng phin lc v amphibolit hoc sng-hornblend. p sut thp, gn gi vi
bin cht tip xc, khong 2500-3500 bar (Hietanen, 1967).
abyssal tholeiite tholeiit i dng. n: oceanic tholeiite. Mi 20

abyssolith abysolith. Th xm nhp su. n: batholith Mi 21

acadialite acadialit. Loi chabazit mu tht tm thy Nova Scotia. Mi 22
abyssopelite abysopelit. Bn bin thm. Mi 23
accidental inclusion xenolith. Mi 24
accordance fold np un khp u. Np un c cng cc phng ko di, hng dc khp u nhau. 25
sa
activation (radioactivity) hot ha phng x. Sa 26
adamite adamit. Khong vt h thoi, khng mu, trng hoc vng: Zn2(AsO4)(OH). Lng hnh vi Sa 27
paradamit. Nguyn thy c vit: adamine.
adamellite adamelit. cc nc ni ting Anh v Lin X l t ng ngha vi monzonit thch anh Mi 28
Hoa K (thch anh chim 10-50% cc khong vt felsic, plagioclas chim 35-65%
tng feldspar). Vi ni dung thut ng ny ln u tin c Brgger s dng
nm 1895. Tuy nhin trc vo nm 1890 Cathrein dng ch tonalit cha
orthoclas Monte Adamello, Italy.
aegirine-augite aegirin-augit. T ng ngha ca acmit-augit. Cn c vit: aegirite-augite; aegirinaugite. Sa 29
aerial triangulation s o tam gic nh. Mi 30
aerotriangulator my o tam gic nh. Mi 31
aerobic sinh vt a kh. 1-Loi sinh vt (c bit l vi khun) ch c th sng v pht trin vi s c mt Mi 32
ca oxy t do. (dt): aerobe.

2
 2-iu kin c oxy t do sinh vt sinh sng.
aerobic decay phn hy do sinh vt a kh. Phn hy ca vt cht hu c ch yu gy ra bi vi sinh vt trong iu kin c oxy Mi 33
t do. Sn phm phn hy cui cng l dioxid carbon v nc.
aeroides aeroid. Aquamarin xanh da tri nht. Mi 34
aerolite thin thch . n: stony meteorite. Mi 35
aerolithology thin thch hc. Thut ng c ch mn khoa hc nghin cu thin thch. Mi 36
aerosiderite aerosiderit Thut ng c ng ngha vi thin thch siderit (siderite meteorite). Mi 37
aerosiderolite aerosiderolit. Thut ng ng ngha vi thin thch -st (stony-iron meteorite). Mi 38
287 aeschynite-(Y) aeschynit-(Y). Khong vt h thoi: (Y,Ca,Fe,Th)(Ti,Nb)2 (O,OH)2, cng lot vi aeschynit v 39
tantalaeschynit.
aethoballism bin cht do thin thch. Thut ng do Grabau xut 1904 ch bin cht a phng thnh to do tc Mi 40
ng ca thin thch. Thut ng c khng nn dng.
agate opale opal agat. Agat opal ha. Ss: opal-agate. Mi 41
288 Affine transformation bin i Affin. Bin i ng nht, trong ng thng bin thnh ng thng sau khi bin 42
i. Bin i afin l mt bin i ton hc, trong ta ca phn b bin i
quan h vi phn cha bin i theo quan h tuyn tnh. Nhng bin i nh th
m t cc bin dng ng nht.
342 aglime aglim. Vi s dng trong nng nghip. 44
agalmatolite agalmatolit. Loi mm nh sp, v d pinit, pyrophylit hoc steatit, c mu xm, xanh, vng Mi 45
hoc nu c ngi Trung Quc s dng lm gi ngc (jade) tc tng nh
v.v. n: figure stone, pagodite, lardite, lard stone.
299 agardite-(La) agardit-(La). Khong vt trong nguyn t t him La chim u th: 46
(RE,Ca)2Cu12(AsO4)6(OH)12. 6H2O.
agaric mineral sa tin. n: moonmilk. Mi 47
moonmilk sa tin, moonmilk, sa . L mt tch t mm, do mu trng bm trn vch hang vi. N c th gm c Mi 48
calcit, hydromagnesit, nesquehonit, huntit, argonit, magnesit, hoc dolomit. Ting
a phng Thy S moonmilch ngha l sa tin. n: mountain milk,
mondmilch, rock milk, rock meal, bergmehl, agaric mineral.
agate jasper jasper agat, ngc bch agat. Loi agat cha jasper vi vi mch chalcedon. n: jaspagate. Mi 49
schmirgel mi, schmirgel Loi mu en nu, en xm c thnh phn ch yu gm cc ht corindon, oxid 50
Fe (magnetit, hematit) v mt s khong vt khc nh thch anh, ilmenit, v.v.
Schmirgel ch yu c thnh to t cc lp bauxit trong vi b bin cht khu
vc, cng c khi c mt trong magma. N c dng lm vt liu mi. Nc
c sn lng ln nht l Th Nh K ( vng Izmir), t hn l Hy Lp ( o
Naxos). Ngoi ra, cn c Marmoskoje thuc Ural v Chester. Masachusetts,
USA. Schmirgel ronsper c thnh phn ch yu l hercynit. Tn c t theo tn
vng Izmir (tn c l Schmirn) Tiu . Trong vn liu a cht Vit Nam

3
 dng thut ng nardak (xut x t ting Nga) c ngha l mi. Vt liu mi
ch loi ny.
amatrice amatric. Loi qu mu xanh lc c ct t variscit c vnh mu xm, pht , pht Mi 51
nu ca thch anh hoc chalcedon.
amausite amausit. Loi tinh th mn, th d obsidian b kh silic. T c. Mi 52
amazonite amazonit. Mt loi microclin xanh to, xanh nht, lc nht, i khi c dng nh qu. Mi. 53
n: amazonstone.
amazonstone amazon. Tn ban u ca amazonit. Cn c vit l Amazon stone. Mi. 54
amberite amberit. n: ambrite. Mi. 55
ambroid ambroid. X: amberoid. Mi. 56
amblystegite amblystegit. Loi hypersthen mu lc pht nu ti n en. Mi. 57
ambonite ambonit. Nhm andesit v dacit hornblend-biotit cha cordierit, kin trc porphyrit, ln Mi. 58
u tin c Verbeck xc lp Indonesia vo nm 1905. Theo Johannsen, 1939
l nhm andesit v dacit vi 3 ph nhm: c bronzit, c mica, v c hornblend.
Thut ng khng nn dng.
ambrosine ambrosin. Loi h phch pht vng hoc naau c cha nhiu acid sucinic to thnh khi Mi. 59
trong cc thn phosphat.
amerikanite amerikanit. Thy tinh t nhin Nam M (Columbia v Peru). Trc y cho l mt loi Mi. 60
tektit nhng hin nay c xc nh chnh xc l c ngun gc ni la. n:
mancusanite.
amherstite amherstit. Loi syenodiorit trong feldspar l antiperthit andesin. c Watson v Taber Mi. 61
t tn vo nm1913 t vng Amherst county, Virgina. Thut ng khng nn
dng.
amianthus amianth. T ng ngha ca asbest (asbestos) dng ch loi si mnh, tinh t nh Mi 62
chrysotil. n: amiantus.
amiantus amiant. n: amianthus. Mi 63
ammite oolit, trng c. X: ammonite. Mi 64
629 ammonite Cc (Ammonitida) (cs) ; 1-Mt b ln ca lp Chn u c trng bi v ngoi c t im phc tp, c 65
oolit (trt) ng khu phn chia tinh t thnh cc thy v yn. Tui: Jura-Creta.
2-Thut ng c, c dng vo th k 17, 18 ch mt loi trm tch m hin
nay c xc nh l oolit. n : ammite.
ammonium alum phn amoni. X: tschermigite. Mi. 66
643 amphibole amphibol. Nhm khong vt st magnesi: A2-3B5(Si,Al)8O22(OH)2, trong A=Mg, Fe+2, Ca 67
hoc Na; B = Mg, Fe+2, Fe+3 hoc Al. Chng c trng bi cu trc silicat mch
kp, tinh h bn phng vi t l silic/oxy bng 4/11, Tinh th dng ct hoc
dng si v ct khai theo hai phng 56o v 124o. Mu t trng n en. a phn
cc khong vt amphibol kt tinh h n nghing v mt s h thoi, phn b

4
 rng ri trong magma v bin cht.
Ch mt khong vt ca nhm amphibol nh: hornblend, anthophylit, cumingtonit,
tremolit, actinolit, riebeckit, glaucophan hoc arfvedsonit. 3-Thnh thong c s
dng nh mt t ng ngha ca hornblend.
Thut ng c gc t ch Hy Lp amphibolos ngha l m h, ng nghi ng
lin quan n tnh a dng ca nhm khong vt ny.
amphibolide amphibolid Thut ng chung ch loi magma ton tinh, ht th c thnh phn hu nh 68
hon ton thuc nhm amphibol. n : amphibololite.
amphibolite amphibolit Loi bin tinh gm ch yu l amphibol v plagioclas vi cht t hoc khng 69
c thch anh. Nu trong thnh phn c kh nhiu thch anh th c gi l
gneis hornblend plagioclas. Thut ng c Brongniart s dng u tin.
amphibolite facies tng amphibolit Tp hp ca cc t hp khong vt bin cht (tng) trong cc basic cha 70
hornblend+plagioclas; plagioclas l oligoclas-andesine hoc mt s loi giu calci
hn (theo Eskola, 1939). Epidot v almandin ph bin trong amphibolit. T hp
pelit cha mica i km vi almandin, staurolit, kyanit hoc silimanit nhng khng
c andalusit hoc cordierit (theo Turner, 1968). Tng amphibolit c trng cho
bin cht nhit ng khu vc di p sut va phi n cao (trong khong 3000
bar) vi nhit thay i t 450oC-700oC.
amphibololite amphibololit X : amphibolide. 71
669 anamesite anamesit. Loi basalt ht mn c kin trc trung gian gia basalt ht mn v dolerit 72
ht th. Leonhard t tn vo nm 1832; thut ng c.
anamigmatization migma ho do ti nng chy. Ti nng chy p sut cao, nhit cao cc thnh to trc dn ti s hnh 73
thnh migma (magma th sinh). Thut ng t dng.
anamorphic zone i bin cht su. i su trong v qu t xy ra qu trnh bin cht. Thut ng do Van Hise 74
xut nm 1898, hin nay t dng.
anamorphism bin cht su. Qu trnh bin cht mnh m xy ra trong i bin cht su c mt dng 75
v cc khong vt t trng thp bin thnh cc khong vt c t trng cao hn
bi silicat ho, kh carbon, kh hydrat, kh oxy. Thut ng do Van Hise
xut nm 1904.
676 anatase anatas. Khong vt h bn phng, mt trong ba dng hnh th to tam hnh vi rutil c 76
(phn bit bi cc gc mt) v brookit; l sn phm bin i ca cc khong
vt titan khc. n: octahedrite.
anchorite anchorit. Diorit dng mch, c cc m khong vt mafic v cc mch khong vt 77
felsic. Do Lapworth t tn nm 1898. Khng nn dng.
andesinite andesinit. xm nhp ht th, thnh phn hu nh hon ton l andesin. Turner t 78
tn nm 1900. Khng nn dng.

5
 ando soil t ando. Loi t mu nu sm hoc en hnh thnh t vt liu ni la v c trng bi 79
tng A, giu vt cht hu c, kh nng trao i cation thp ngc li kh nng
trao i Al cao. Mt s loi t ando c tng B l st bn tch, s khc li c
mt ct AC (theo Thorp v Smith, 1949). t ando hin nay c xp vo loi
t Andept. Cn c vit l andosol.
andosol andosol. X: ando soil. 80
Andept t Andept. Trong phn loi ca Cc t nng nghip Hoa K (U.S. Dept. of Agriculturre 81
soil) l mt ph loi ca loi t Inceptisol c trng bi nn thp, cha
nhiu alophan do vy c kh nng trao i cao hoc cha nhiu vt liu vn
ni la. a s t Andept to thnh trong tro ni la, c hm lng carbon
hu c cao v cha cht t thu tinh.
andremeyerite andremeyerit. Khong vt n nghing BaFe2Si2O7. 82
ankaratrite ankaratrit. Nephelinit olivin cha biotit. Lacroix t tn 1916 theo vng Ankaratra, 83
Malagasy. Khng nn dng.
505 alluvia bi tch. Danh t s nhiu ca alluvium. t s dng. c 84
anthodite nh to tia, anthodit. Trong hang ng nh thng to tia t mt nn chung v bao gm cc 85
tinh th aragonit.
anthracoxene anthracoxen. Loi nha pht nu khi x l vi cht khc b ph hu to nn phn khng tan 86
l antracoxenit v phn ho tan l schlanit.
anthracoxenite anthracoxenit. Phn nha khng tan cn li khi x l anthracoxen vi mt cht khc. 87
anthraxolite anthraxolit. Loi asphaltit vi hm lng carbon lin kt cao, to thnh mch, khi trong 88
trm tch c bit i km vi phin st cha du.
anthraxylon anthraxylon; than nh. Thut ng ghp ch thnh phn than nh c ngun gc t m g thc vt 89
to thnh nhng gii nh mnh xen lp vi attritus nh m trong than phn
lp. Ngun gc t ch Hy Lp anthrax ngha l than v xylon ngha l g.
attritus atritus. Thnh phn than xm ti n en ca hp phn hu c bin i, khng phn 90
loi v c kin trc ht mn, to thnh cc trong than hoc xen kp vi cc
lp anthraxylon sng nh, to nn nhng tp hp cht st t vt liu thc vt
b bin i, khng b phn hu hon ton. n: durain.
anthraxylous-attrital coal than nh m. Loi than nh trong t l than nh (anthraxylon) trn atritus dao ng t 91
3:1 n 1:1.
anthraxylous coal than nh. Loi than nh trong t l than nh (anthraxylon) trn atritus ln hn 3:1. 92

6
 anthrosol t nhn sinh. Loi t c s thay i v tnh cht vt l v ho hc do hot ng ca con 93
ngi.
property tnh cht, c tnh, thuc tnh. 94
anticenter tm i (ng t). Mt im trn b mt Tri t i din theo ng knh vi chn tm ngoi 95
(epicenter) ca mt trn ng t.
anticlinal np li. 1-Dt : Thut ng c ca anticline. 96
2-Tt : thuc np li.
anticlinal axis trc np li. 97
aphanite aphanit. magma ht mn, bng mt thng khng th phn bit c thnh phn 98
ca n. c kin trc n tinh. Tt: aphanitic. n: kryptomere, felsite,
felsitoid.
853 aphanitic n tinh. 1-Mt loi kin trc ca magma trong cc phn t kt tinh khng th c 99
phn bit bng mt thng. C hai kin trc vi tinh v n tinh cng thuc kin
trc ny.
2-Thut ng trc y c dng tu tin ch mt kin trc carbonat trm
tch, hin nay c thay bi thut ng aphanic.
aphanophyre aphanophyr. Loi porphyr c nn n tinh. n: felsophyre. Tt: aphanophyric. 100
aphrite aphrit. Loi calcit phn phin mng c nh ngc trai trng. n: earth foam, foaming 101
earth.
aphrizite aphrizit. Loi tourmalin mu en cha st. 102
aphrodite aphrodit. X: stevensite. 103
869 apjohnite apjohnit. Khong vt mu trng nht, xanh nht hoc vng : MnAl2(SO4)4.22H2O. n: c 104
manganese alum.
863 API Vin Du m Hoa K. Vit tt t American Petroleum Institute. Cn c ngha l ch s kt ta trc, c 105
vit tt ca cm t antecedent precipitation index.
aplitic aplit (tt). 1-Kin trc ht mn v dng ng hoc ht tha hnh c trng ca aplit. 106
2-Mt loi magma c kin trc aplit.
aplodiorite aplodiorit. Granodiorit biotit sng mu c t hoc khng c hornblend. Bailey t tn 107
nm 1916. Khng nn dng.
aplogranite aplogranit. xm nhp sng mu c Bailey t tn vo nm 1916, c kin trc granit 108
v c bit cha feldspar kim, thch anh, t hn l biotit, c hoc khng
muscovit. Khng nn dng.

7
 apo- apo-. Trong thut ng thch hc l tip u ng ch s thay i bin cht nhng 109
khng ph hu kin trc nguyn sinh.
apobsidian apobsidian. Obsidian b kh thu tinh. 110
devitrified b kh thu tinh. 111
Apollonian metamorphic bin cht Apollo. L mt phn nh ca cc Mt Trng kin trc ht gc cnh c thnh phn 112
rocks khong vt khng i c thnh to trong phn su nht ca v Mt Trng
v mantl thng (theo Stewart nm 1975). Tn c t k nim chng
trnh Apollo.
Apollonian bin cht Apollo. Qu trnh bin cht xy ra trn Mt Trng to nn bin cht Apollo. 113
metamorphism
875 apogranite apogranit. Granit b albit ha v greizen ha nm phn ra v phn nh ca cc xm c 114
nhp, thng cha cc nguyn t him (Nb, Ta, Li, Rb, Be, Sn, W, Mo,).
Tn c A.A. Beus v cng s Lin X t nm 1962.
apomagmatic apomagma (tt). cp ti cc m khong nhit dch c khong cch trung bnh n ngun 115
magma thnh to chng.
879 apophysis mu bm c, mu tia (cs); th 1-Mu nh vo trong ca phin xen chn mt vng ra ming Cu gai, c c 116
li, th nhnh (th). tc dng gn c n Aristot; mu nm hai bn gai ta tia Trng tia
thuc phn b Acantharina.
2-Th li, th nhnh ca magma xm nhp vo vy quanh.
appinite apinit. Nhm xm nhp ti mu giu hornblend nh syenit, monzonit v diorit 117
trong hornblend l ban tinh hnh tr ln v c c trong nn ht mn. Bailey,
nm 1916, t tn theo vng Appin, Loch Linnhe, Scotland. Khng nn dng.
aquagene tuff tuf di nc. X: hyaloclastite. 118
hyaloclastite hyaloclastit, vn ni la. Dng tch t do dng lava hoc magma i vo trong nc, tuyt hoc trm 119
tch bo ho nc to nn nhng kt ht hoc cc mnh v nh. n: aquagene
tuff.
archeology kho c hc. Cn c vit l archaeology. 120
970 arendalite arendalit. 1-Loi epidot mu xanh m Arendal, Nam Norway. c 121
2-Thut ng ting Php ch loi cha granat. Khng nn dng.
arenose cha ct. Cha y ct ht th v ht mn. n: gritty. 122
974 arenyte arenyt. Cch vit khc ca arenite. c 123
amalgam hn hng. Hp kim ca thu ngn; hp kim thu ngn-bc trong t nhin. 124

8
 argental mercury hn hng Ag-Hg t nhin. Hp kim thu ngn-bc trong t nhin. 125
argentian cha bc. X: argentiferous. 126
argentiferous cha bc (tt). Vt cht c cha v t c th ly bc th d galen cha bc (argentiferous 127
galena). n: argentian.
argentine argentin; ging bc, nh bc. 1-Dt : Loi calcit mu trng ngc trai vi nhng lp mng un ln 128
(argentin).
2-Tt : Cha bc, ging bc, nh bc.
979 argil argil. 1-St, c bit l st mu trng dng lm gm. c 129
2-Alumina.
argilliferous cha st. 130
980 argillation st ho. S pht trin ca caolinit v cc khong vt st khc t qu trnh phong ha c 131
cc khong vt alumosilicat nguyn sinh.
990 argillization argilit ho, st kt ho. S bin i hoc thay th feldspar hnh thnh cc khong vt st, c bit c 132
thng xy ra trong vy quanh cc mch qung.
991 argillyte st kt, argilit. 1-Cch vit khc ca argillite. c 133
2-Argillith.
3-ng ngha c, khng cn dng ca orthoclasse.
ariegite ariegit. Nhm pyroxenit c thnh phn l clinopyroxen, orthopyroxen v cc 134
khong vt ph nh spinel vi pyrop v hornblend, thiu vng feldspar
nguyn sinh; pyroxenit spinel. Thut ng c cc nh thch lun Chu u
(c bit l Php) s dng nhiu. LaCroix t tn nm 1901 theo vng
Arige, Pyrenees. Khng nn dng.
1006 Arizona ruby ruby Arizona. Pyrop m, mu ruby, ngun gc magma Ty Nam Hoa K. c 135
aristarainite aristarainit. Khong vt n nghing : Na2 Mg B12 O20 . 10H2O. 136
1007 arizonite arizonit. 1-Khong vt cn nghi ng : Fe2 Ti3 O9, tm thy trong cc khi c hnh dng c 137
bt k, mu xm thp, cha kim loi nm trong mch pegmatit gn
Hackberry, Ariz. Ss : kalkowskite, pseudorutile.
2-Hn hp ca hematit, rutil, ilmenit v anatas.
3-Mt kiu qung tm thy Yavapai County, Ariz thnh phn ch yu c
hematit dng vy, iodua bc, sulfua st, vng v antimon.
4-Loi su va, sng mu c thnh phn chnh l thch anh (80%) v
feldspar kim (18%), khong vt ph l mica v apatit.

9
 c Spurr v Washington t tn nm 1917 theo tn vng Arizona, ti y
ln u tin pht hin thy n. Khng nn dng.
Arkansas stone Arkansas. Mt loi novaculit tm thy Ouachita Mountains ty Arkansas. 138
Cn ch loi mi lm t Arkansas.
arkansite arkansit. Loi brookit mu en cha st Magnet Cove, Arkansas. 139
arkesine arkensin. Loi granit hornblend cha chlorit v talc. Jurine xut nm 1806 v tm 140
thy Mont Blanc, Alos thuc Php. Thut ng c khng cn dng.
Thut ng xut x t ting Hy Lp archaios ngha l c, nguyn s.
arkite arkit. L foidit xm nhp kin trc porphyr vi thnh phn ging nh fergusit 141
nhng phn bit vi n bi s c mt ca melanit. Leucit lun lun to nn
ban tinh. Washington t tn nm 1901 theo tn vng Magnet Cove,
Arkansas. n: nepheline fergusite, leucite ijolite. Khng nn dng.
arminite arminit. Khong vt sulfat ng ngm nc, c th ging vi antlerit. 142
aromatic hydrocarbon hydrocarbon dy thm. 143
aromatite aromatit. cha bitum ging loi nha cy thm c v mi v mu sc. L loi 144
qu Ai Cp c i.
arsenate-belovite talmesit. X: talmessite. 145
arsenical antimony alemonit. X: allemonite. 146
arsenical nickel nickelin. X: nickeline. 147
arsenical pyrites arsenopyrit. X: arsenopyrite. 148
arterite arterit. Migmatit, phn linh ng hn ca magma tim nhp. 149
artesian artesi. Tnh t ch nc di t tn ti di p sut cn bng thu tnh. T c 150
xut x t ch Php artsien, ngha l ca Artois, mt vng min bc
nc Php.
1959 brookite brookit, brukit. Khong vt h thoi, mu nu, nht hoc thnh thong mu en : TiO2. c 6 152
Brookit to tam hnh vi rutil v anatas, tm thy trong cc hc tinh m. n: 8
pyromelane. 3
13013 rutile rutil. Khong vt h bn phng, thng c mu nu pht : TiO2, to tam hnh c 153
vi anatas v brookit, thng cha mt t st. Rutil thng to thnh cc tinh
th lng tr nm trong cc tinh th khc (c bit l thch anh). L khong
vt nguyn sinh ca mt s xm nhp acid (c bit l cc giu

10
 hornblend), gp trong bin cht, l cc ht tn tch trong trm tch, trong
bi bin. L qung ca titan. n: red schorl.
even-grained u ht. 154
even-bedded phn lp bng phng, phn va 155
bng phng.
eventextured c kin trc ng nht. 156
novaculite novaculit. 1- trm tch cha silic n tinh sng mu kin trc ng nht rn chc, 157
tng t phin silic nhng c trng bi s vt tri ca thch anh vi tinh so
vi chalcedon. Trc y n c xem l kt qu trm tch nguyn sinh ca
silica (SiO2) nhng vt l in hnh (Paleozoi di Ouachita Mountains,
Arkansas v Oklahoma) n c xem l phin silic ( sng) phn lp b bin
cht nhit phn bit bi kin trc ht gc cnh c trng (Keller et al., 1977).
Ngun gc ca novaculit c cho l do ti kt tinh cc vt liu kiu khung
xng ging nh opal trong thi gian to (diagenes). N c s dng nh
mt loi mi. n: razor stone, Turkey stone, galactite.
2-Thut ng c s dng nam Illinois cho phin silic phn lp dy.
3-Thut ng s dng trc y Anh ch loi st c dng lm mi.
ijolite ijolit. 1-Trong bng phn loi ca IUGS, l xm nhp c F gia 60 v 100, M 158
gia 30 v 60 v Na nhiu hn K.
2-Lot xm nhp cha nephelin v 30-60% khong vt mafic, ch yu l
clinopyroxen, c c sphen, apatit v melanit.
Melteigit v jacupirangit l nhng thnh vin mafic hn ca lot ny, urtit
l loi giu nephelin. Tn c Ramsay t nm 1891 theo tn vng Ijola
(Iivaara), Phn Lan.
leucitophyre leucitophyr. phun tro kin trc porphyr ch yu c leucit, nephelin v clinopyroxen. 151 159
arkose-quarzite quarzit arkos; arkosit. X: arkosite. 160
arkositite arkositit. Thut ng c Tieje dng nm 1921 ch loi arkos gn kt tt, chc. 161
1020 Armorican orogeny to ni Armoni. Tn c Suess dng ch giai on to ni Paleozoi mun xy ra Ty u, 162
c nghin cu k Britany (Armorica). Cc nh a cht hin nay gi l
to ni Hercyni hoc Varisci, cn thut ng Armoni t c s dng.
1066 arzrunite arzrunit. Khong vt mu xanh nht cha sulfat v chlorua Cu v Pb. c 163
1068 asbestiform dng asbest, asbestiform. Mt khong vt dng si ging nh asbest. c 164

11
 asbestine asbestin. 1-Tt : C tnh cht ca asbest. 165
2-Dt : Mt loi talc, c bit l agalit.
asbolane asbolan, asbolit. X: asbolite. 166
asbolite asbolit. Tp hp khong vt dng t mu en, mm, thng phn lp, l mt loi 167
wad cha cc oxid mangan v cobalt hydrat ha. Hm lng cobalt thnh
thong t ti 32% (hoc 40% oxid cobalt). n: asbolane, earthy cobalt,
black cobalt, cobalt ocher.
19800 ascension theory thuyt xm nhp sinh. Thuyt v s thnh to m khong thm su lin quan vi cc dung dch 168
khong ha phn tch v i ln t ngun magma trong phn su ca Tri t.
aschaffite aschafit. Thut ng c ch kersantit cha nhng tinh th thch anh ln v plagioclas, 169
cng c th tha hnh (Johannsen, 1939).
ash tro. 1-Tro than : phn d v c sau khi chy. t chy ni chung lm thay i 170
c trng lng v thnh phn ca cht v c.
2-Tro ni la : vt liu vn ni la mn (di 2,0mm, trn 0,063mm ng
knh i vi loi tro mn). Thut ng thng dng ch loi vt liu cha
gn kt, nhng thnh thong ch cc vn ni la tng ng gn kt,
l tuf.
n: dust, volcanic ash, volcanic dust pumicite.
1087 asphalt asphalt. Bitum rn d nng chy hoc di dng lng sn st mu nu ti n en c 171
thnh phn hu nh hon ton l carbon v hydro, tan trong disulfua carbon
(CS2). Asphalt t nhin thnh to trong cc cha du bi s bc hi ca
cc cht d bc hi, c Trinidad gn T Hi (Dead Sea) v Uinta Basin,
Utah. Asphalt c th c iu ch bng nhit phn than hoc phin st.
Cn c vit l asphaltum. n: pich. n c : mineral pich.
asphalt-base crude nguyn liu th nn asphalt. Du th cha nhiu naphthen v hydrocarbon asphalt. n : napthene-base 172
crude.
asphaltene asphalten. Thnh phn ca bitum tan trong disulfua carbon (CS2) nhng khng tan trong 173
naphtha parafin; l nhng hydrocarbon trng lng phn t cao to nn nhng
phn t phn tn th rn ca bitum.
asphaltic asphalt (tt). Lin quan ti hoc cha asphalt, th d vi asphalt (asphaltic limestone), 174
ct kt asphalt (asphaltic sandstone) ngha l nhim asphalt, hoc ct asphalt
(asphaltic sand) l hn hp t nhin ca asphalt vi cc ht ct khng gn kt.
asphaltic pyrobitumen pyrobitum asphalt. Loi bitum thng mu en, phi cu trc, ging v thnh phn vi asphaltit 175
nhng khng nng chy v khng tan trong disulfua carbon (CS2). Ni chung

12
 cha t hn 5% oxy. Th d albertit, elaterit, impsonit v wurtzilit.
asphaltite asphaltit. Bitum t nhin, th rn mu en tan trong disulfua carbon v nng chy trn 176
2300F. Th d uintahit, glance pitch v grahamit.
albert coal albertit. Tn c ch albertit. X: albertite. 177
albertite albertit. Pyrobitum asphalt mu nu ti n en vi vt v v s to nn nhng mch 178
c b rng 1 n 16 ft Albert Shale, New Brunswick. Tan tng phn trong
nha thng nhng khng tan trong cn. Tn gi trc y ca albert coal.
conchoidal dng v s. Vt v trng nh v s. 179
albite-epidote- tng amphibolit-epidot-albit. Tp hp ca cc t hp khong vt bin cht trong cc basic c mt 180
amphibolite facies albit + epidot + hornblend. Tng t nh tng epidot-amphibolit ca Eskola,
mt cch cha chc chn mang tnh chuyn tip gia tng phin lc v
tng amphibolit. Ni chung c xp vo tng p sut cao ca bin cht
khu vc.
albite-epidote-hornfels tng sng epidot-albit. Tp hp ca cc t hp khong vt bin cht trong cc basic c mt 181
facies albit + epidot + chlorit + actinolit, in hnh cho phn ngoi cng ca vnh
tip xc. N khng c s khc bit r rng vi tng phin lc v thc t
nhiu tc gi (th d Miyashiro, 1973) cho rng khng phi l mt tng bin
cht.
albite porphyrite porphyrit albit, albitit. X: albitite. 182
alboranite alboranit. Basalt cha hypersthen-olivin c Becke t tn nm 1899 theo tn o 183
Alboran, Ty Ba Nha. L basalt kim hoc basalt tholeiit. Khng nn dng.
albrittonite albritonit. Tn trc y ch mt khong vt, khng r rng, hin nay khng dng. 184
Aldanian Aldani. Bc Chu u, Cambri di (trn Precambri, di Lenan). 185
aldanite aldanit. Loi thorianit cha ch v urani. 186
Aleppo stone Alepo, agat dng mt. X: eye agate. 187
eye agate agat dng mt. Agat vi nhng lp c mu bao quanh mt tm ti mu, trong nh con mt. 188
n: Aleppo stone.
aleutite aleutit. Loi belugit porphyrit. Spurr t tn nm 1900 theo tn Aleutian Islands. 189
Khng nn dng.
426 alexandrine saphia saphia alexandrin. Saphia dng alexandrin. c 190
alkali-calc index ch s kim-vi. X: alkali-lime index. 191

13
455 alkali charnockite charnockit. Theo Tobi (1971) l mt loi ca lot charnockit trong thch anh chim c 192
20-60% ca hp phn felsic v feldspar kim chim hn 90% tng feldspar.
ng s dng thut ng ny thay th cho enderbit.
alkaline tnh kim. L tnh t ng ngha alkali (hh) v alkalic (th). 193
alkaline-sulfide gi thuyt sulfua-kim. L thuyt v s thnh to m qung, cho rng cc ion sulfua trong dung dch 194
hypothesis nhit dch c vai tr vn chuyn qung. L thuyt ch ng i vi mt s t
kim loi thng thng (Krauskopf, 1967).
alkalinity kim. d ion hydroxid trong dung dch. 195
alkali-olivine basalt basalt olivin-kim. Thut ng do Tilley xut nm 1950 thay th thut ng basalt olivin 196
c Kennedy s dng nm 1933. Thut ng ny c Yoder v Tilley
(1962) dng thay cho alkali basalt v Chayes (1964) dng thay cho alkaline
basalt.
allenite alenit. X: pentahydrite. 197
475 Allerod c 198
allevardite alevardit. X: rectorite. 199
allgovite algovit. Thut ng c ch mt nhm magma cha augit, plagioclas v c thnh 200
phn giao ng t dolerit n gabro gm c loi porphyrit. Tn c t theo
tn vng Allgu Alps. Cn c vit : algovite.
algovite algovit. X: allgovite. 201
alliaceous mi ti, mi arsen. Lin quan ti loi khong vt khi p, vch, nung nng pht ra mi ti, th d 202
cc khong vt cha arsen.
allingite alingit. Nha ha (retinit) khng cha acid sucinic (cng thc 203
HOOCCH2CH2COOH) nhng c nhiu lu hunh, thy Allinges, Haute
Savoie, Php.
allomeric ng hnh (tt). X: isomorphous. 204
allomerism ng hnh, hin tng ng X: isomorphism. 205
hnh.
allomorph th a hnh ; th lng hnh ; X: polymorph ; dimorph ; pseudomorph. 206
th gi hnh.
allomorphic a hnh, khc hnh cng cht. n: polymorphic. 207
493 allomorphism hin tng d hnh, tha hnh. 1-(cs) Mt thut ng c dng khng ng i vi hin tng lp hnh ca c 208

14
 Hai mnh.
2-(kv) Hin tng khc hnh cng cht. X: paramorphism.
allomorphous a hnh, khc hnh cng cht. n: polymorphic. 209
allopalladium alopaladi. X: stibiopalladinite. 210
allophaneton alophaneton. Thut ng c khng cn dng ca th gm (c bit Chu u) dng ch 211
hp phn ca st tan trong acid hydrochloric (HCl).
allophanite alophanit. ng ngha c ca allophane. 212
allogenic tha sinh, khc ngun (tt). 213
allothigene tha sinh, khc ngun. X: allogene. 214
allothigenetic tha sinh, khc ngun. n: allogenic. 215
allothigenic tha sinh, khc ngun. n: allogenic. 216
allothigenous tha sinh, khc ngun. 1-n: allogenic. 217
2-Trong phn loi vn ni la, l vt liu ngu nhin, khc ngun,
ngoi lai.
allothimorph th tha hnh, khc hnh, gi Mt b phn ca bin cht cn gi li ng nt, ranh gii tinh th nguyn 218
hnh. thy (Johannsen, 1939).
allothogenic tha sinh, khc ngun. X: allogenic. 219
allochemical tha bin cht ha hc. Hin tng bin cht c s b sung hoc gim bt vt cht v do vy lm thay 220
metamorphism i mnh m thnh phn ha hc ca (Mason, 1958).
Alleghany orogeny to ni Alleghany. Vn ng to ni gy bin dng ca tnh Valley and Ridge v cao 221
nguyn Allegheny k cn trung tm v pha nam Appalachians. Khng sp
xp c mt cch chc chn v mt a tng. Cc Pensylvani c mt
nhiu ni, mt s t l Perm di. a s c l l Paleozoi mun, nhng mt s
pha c th xp vo Trias sm. Thut ng do H.P. Woodward xut 1957.
Allegheny orogeny to ni Allegheny. X: Alleghany orogeny. 222
allitic alit (tt). cp ti mt loi hoc t trong silica (SiO2) b ra la mnh, cha 223
hm lng nhm v st cao cp ht st.
allotrio- xa l, ngoi lai, khc bit. Tip u ng c ngha l xa l, ngoi lai. 224
allotrioblast tha bin d. X: xenoblast. 225
allotriomorphic tha hnh, khc hnh. n: xenomorphic. 226

15
 Thut ng allotriomorphisch do Rosenbusch xut nm 1887 nhng
khng nhn c quyn u tin.
allotriomorphic-granular ht tha hnh. n: xenomorphic. 227
allivalite alivalit. Loi gabro cha anorthit v olivin, c t hoc khng c pyroxen, khong vt 228
ph l apatit v oxid st. Thut ng do Harker t nm 1908 theo tn vng
Allival, Scotland. Khng nn dng.
dolomilith dolomilith. X: dolomith. 229
4426 dolomite dolomit. 1-(kv) Khong vt to thng thng, khi mt thoi : CaMg(CO3)2. Mt c 230
phn ca magnesi c th c thay th bi ion st v mt t bi mangan.
Dolomit c mu trng, khng mu hoc pht vng, nu, pht hng hoc xm.
N ct khai hon ton theo mt thoi, c nh thy tinh hoc ngc trai, si bt
nh trong acid HCl ngui, long. N c trong cc mch dolomit, l khong
vt mch thng thng v cn c mt trong serpentinit v cc cha Mg
khc. n: bitter spar, pearl spar.
2-(trt) dolomit, loi trm tch carbonat c hn 50% trng lng khong
vt dolomit, hoc chim phn ch yu khi quan st di knh hin vi, hoc l
loi vi, hoa giu carbonat magnesi; c bit l trm tch carbonat
cha hn 90% dolomit v nh hn 10% calcit, hoc c t s Ca/Mg giao ng
trong khong 1,5 n 1,7 (Chilingar, 1957), hoc c thnh phn MgO 19,5
n 21,6% hay carbonat Mg 41,0-45,4% (Pettijohn, 1957). Dolomit c dng
kt tinh hoc khng kt tinh, thng t hp v xen lp vi vi. N cng
thng thay th vi sau qu trnh lng ng. Dolomit tinh khit (tr khi ht
rt mn) si bt rt yu trong acid HCl ngui. c t tn theo Dodat Guy
de Dolomieu (1750-1801), nh a cht Php, ln u tin dng gi
carbonat Tyrolean Alps. n: dolostone, dolomite rock.
4428 dolomite mudstone bn dolomit, dolomit vi X: dolomicrite. c 231
tinh, dolomicrit.
dolomite rock dolomit. X: dolomite (trt). 232
4429 dolomith dolomit. Thut ng c Grabau dng (1924) ch dolomit. n: dolomilith. c 233
aubrite aubrit. Thin thch achondrit c thnh phn khong vt ch yu l enstatit, mt t 234
diopsit v c cu to dm. n: bustite.
achondrite achondrit. Thin thch khng c dng cu (chondrul). Achondrit kt tinh ht th hn 235
chondrit v a s chng khng c Ni-Fe. Chng ging nh dng t vi

16
 nhng mnh kh ln khong vt c th nhn thy bng mt thng. Tt:
achondritic.
achroite achroit. Tourmalin khng mu c dng lm qu. 236
acid acid (tt). 1-X: silicic. 237
2-X: acidic.
3-Plagioclase natri (acid plagioclas).
acidic acid (tt). 1-L thut ng ch cc magma c hn 60% SiO2, phn bit vi trung 238
tnh v basic. Thnh thong cng c s dng mt cch khng cht ch,
khng chnh xc nh mt t tng ng felsic v qu bo ha, nhng nhng
thut ng ny bao gm cc kiu (th d syenit nepphelin, basalt thch anh)
m ni chung khng cp n tnh acid. y khng phi l cch dng ca
cc nh ha hc v b s phn i ca mt s ngi do bn cht khng chun
xc ca chng.
2-p dng mt cch khng cht ch ch cc magma c thnh phn ch yu
l cc khong vt sng mu, c trng lng thp. Ss: felsic. n: acid, silicic.
auerlite auerlit. Loi thorit cha P vi t s PO4/SiO4 khong 0,8:1. 239
auganite auganit. Andesite cha augit. Theo Johannsen l basalt olivin. Khng nn dng. 240
augen dng mt. Trong cc bin cht phn phin nh phin v gneis cc ht khong vt 241
dng thu knh hoc cc tp hp khong vt c dng mt, th hin lt ct
trong quan h tng phn vi cc khong vt khc. T c gc c, ngha l
mt.
augen-blast bin tinh dng mt. Ban bin tinh dng mt trong bin cht ng lc (Bayly, 1968). 242
19801 augen-clast vn c nt dng mt. Trong bin cht ng lc cc mnh c nt dng mt trong mt tp hp b 243
c nt (Bayly, 1968).
augen gneiss gneis dng mt. Thut ng tng qut ch gneis c cc mt. 244
augen schist phin dng mt. bin cht c trng bi s c mt ca cc khong vt ti kt tinh dng mt 245
hoc phn phin song song xen kp nhau.
augen structure cu to dng mt. Trong mt s bin cht phn phin v gneis c cu to gm mt s khong 246
vt nh feldspar, thch anh, granat b nn p to nn nhng dng elip, thu
knh nh con mt (augen), bao bc bi cc lp song song gm mica v
chlorit. n: eyed structure, phacoidal structure.
augitite augitit. Tephrit cha nhiu ban tinh clinopyroxen v mt t amphibol, magnetit, 247

17
 ilmenit, apatit, thnh thong c c nephelin, hauyn, hoc feldspar trn nn
thy tinh ti mu c th l mt tp hp analcim. Khng nn dng.
augitophyre augitophyre. basalt porphyrit cha ban tinh augit. Khng nn dng. 248
1170 aulacogen aulacogen, vng trng dng Thut ng do Shatski xng nm 1946 ch mt bn trng di hp ko c 249
a ho. di vo mt craton t mt a mng hoc t mt ai ni (hnh thnh t mt
a mng) (Biddle v Christie-Blick, 1985). N l mt a ho kin to trn
mt craton c gii hn bi cc t gy thun. Cc aulacogen hng vo
craton v m ra pha ngoi.
aureole vnh, qung. i bao quanh thn magma xm nhp, cc vy quanh b bin cht tip 250
xc. n: contact aureole, contact zone, metamorphic aureole, thermal
aureole, exomorphic zone, zone (meta bin cht).
auric vng, c cha vng (tt). cp ti mt hp cht cha vng, c bit l vng c ha tr ba. Th d acid 251
auric (auric acid : HauO2). Ss: auriferous.
auriferous cha vng (tt). cp ti mt i tng cha vng, c bit l cc m khong cha vng. 252
Th d m khong cha vng (auriferous mineral deposit). Ss: auric.
1171 aurichalcite aurichalcit. Khong vt mu xanh nht : (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6. n: brass ore. c 253
australite australit. Loi tektit en huyn nam c. 254
Austrian orogeny to ni Austria. Mt trong hn 30 pha to ni c i sng ngn trong Phanerozoi do Stille xc 255
lp. Pha to ni Austria xy ra vo cui Creta sm.
autobrecciation s kt dm t sinh. S thnh to ca dm kt t sinh. Th d qu trnh kt mnh do hp phn lp 256
v ng cng ca khi lava hn hp vo trong phn hy cn lng.
autoclast mnh t vn. Mt mnh trong t v vn. 257
1192 autoclastic rock t v vn, vn t sinh. Thut ng do Smyth xut nm 1891 ch loi cu to dm hoc rn nt c 258
do va p, bin cht ng lc, vn ng to ni hoc do cc qu trnh ng
lc khc, th d dm kt t gy hoc dolomit dm kt thnh to do co rt
trong qu trnh to i km vi ti gn kt.
1193 autogenetic t sinh (tt). 1-a hnh t pht trin, t tin ha do chnh iu kin cc b v khng b c 259
nh hng cc chuyn ng to ni. V d a hnh to nn do ma ri v cc
dng chy b mt to thnh h sng sui dng cnh cy. 2- Kiu h sng
sui hon ton do iu kin b mt quyt nh (m sng ngi chy trn ).
V d: h thng sng sui pht trin duy nht trn vng xm thc thng
ngun.

18
 autecology sinh thi hc c th. Ngnh khoa hc nghin cu mi lin quan ca c th sinh vt hoc mt loi 260
vi mi trng ca chng. n: autoecology.
1183 authigenetic ti sinh (tt). n: authigenic. c 261
authigenic ti sinh (tt). Thnh to v pht sinh ti ch - c bit cp ti cc thnh phn ca v 262
cc khong vt khng c s vn chuyn ri khi v tr thnh to m ti
hin nay chng ta tm thy chng; cp n cc khong vt cng thnh to
mt thi gian v l thnh phn ca mt t hp . Thut ng cn c dng
ch mt khong vt (nh thch anh hoc feldspar) khi c s lng ng ca
trm tch nguyn thy. Ngn: allogenic. n: authigenous, authigenetic.
authigenous ti sinh (tt). 1-n: authigenic. 263
2-Trong phn loi vn ni la l loi thnh to ti ch.
autoarenite autoarenit. L loi ct, sn phm ca ph hy kin to, tng ng v kch thc ht vi dm M 264
kt t v vn.
audio-magneto-telluric phng php t tellur m tn. Kho st t tellur vi vic li dng trng in t t nhin khong 20 Hz. Vit tt M 265
method AMT.
AMT phng php t tellur m tn. Vit tt ca audio-magneto-telluric method. M 266
autointrucsion hin tng t xm nhp, t tim 1-(magma) L qu trnh dung dch tn d ca magma phn d tim nhp vo trong M 267
nhp. nhng khe nt ca b kt tinh trc do b bin dng ngun gc khng r rng.
n : autoinjection.
2-(Trt) Hin tng trm tch vtk liu t mt b phn ca va vo trong mt b
phn khc xy ra trong qu trnh lng ng.
autoinjection hin tng t xm nhp n : autointrucsion (magma). M 268
autolith autolith Bao th trong magma c mi lin quan ngun gc vi chnh magma . n: M 269
cognate inclusion ; cognate xenolith ; endogenous inclusion. Ss : xenolith.
Trong granitoid c nhng tp hp khong vt Fe-Mg c ngun gc khng r
rng (Balk, 1937). N c th c hnh trn, bu dc, thu knh, cc.
autometamorphism t bin cht. L qu trnh ti kt tinh ca mt t hp khong vt magma di iu kin nhit M 271
h thp do tc ng ca cc cht bc hi ca chnh n, th d serpentin ha
peridotit hoc spilit ha ca basalt.
S bin i ca magma gy ra bi dung dch tn d ca chnh n (Tyrrel,
1926). Qu trnh ny hay c gi l hu sinh (deuteric), bi v n khng c
xem l bin cht.
autometasomatism t bin cht trao i. S bin i ca magma va mi kt tinh gy ra bi hp phn dung dch giu M 272
nc cui cng ca chnh n xy ra trong do c lp bao quanh lnh khng
thm nc.
autolysis s t phn. Qu trnh t tiu nh albit ha ca plagioclas trong lava (dung nham) bi Na t M 273

19
 chnh dung nham hn l Na mi a vo.
S quay li ca mt cht vo trong dung dch nh phosphat tch t nc bin nh
sinh vt ni (plankton) v tr li nc bin khi nhng sinh vt ny cht v phn
hy.
automicrite automicrit. Orthomicrit ti ch. M 274
automolite automolit. Gahnit xanh ti n gn nh en. M 275
automorphic t hnh (tt). 1- cp ti kin trc ton tinh ca magma hoc bin cht c trng bi cc M 276
tinh th vi cc mt c trng ca chnh chng. Thut ng ny (Rohrbah, 1885)
nhn c quyn u tin i vi thut ng idiomorphic (t hnh) (Rosenbusch,
1887), mc d vy thut ng idiomorphic vn c dng ph bin hn Hoa K.
2-n : euhedral (t hnh), khng dng Hoa K nhng li c a dng Chu
u, kin trc tng ng l panautomorphic ngha l ton t hnh, hin khng
cn dng.
n: automorphic-granular.
automorphic-granular ht t hnh n: automorphic. 277
autopneumatolysis kh ha t phn gii T bin cht gy nn ti kt tinh ca cc khong vt hoc bin i do kh c M 278
ngun t chnh magma hoc .
autosite autosit Loi magma c thnh phn tng ng vi kersantit nhung khng c feldspar. M 279
Khng nn dng.
auxiliarry mineral khong vt ph Trong phn loi magma ca Johannsen, l khong vt sng mu tng i M 280
him nh apatit, muscovit, corindon, fluorit hoc topaz.
auxiliary fault t gy ph; t gy nhnh Mt t gy ph k st hoc phn nhnh t mt t gy chnh. M 281
Avalonian orogeny to ni Avaloni C 282
avanturine avanturin Vit sai ca thut ng aventurine. M 283
avenlinoite avenlinoit X: cyrilovite. M 284
aventurescence aventurescenc Khong vt trong m, phn x nh sng mnh do cha bao th trong khong vt. c 285
Th d thch anh aventurin, feldspar aventurin (sunstone - mt tri).
aventurine aventurin Thch anh m, lng lnh vi nhng bao th khong vt khc; loi quartzit lng M 286
lnh v c cha nhng khong vt nh nh mica xanh, ilmenit, hematit v limonit.
n : aventurine quartz.
Feldspar aventurin. X : aventurine feldspar.
Thut ng cn c dng nh mt tnh t ch tnh lng lnh ca thy tinh hoc
khong vt c cha nhng bao th mu vng trang kim. Thut ng b vit sai l
avanturine. n : adventurine.
aviolite aviolit Loi sng c thnh phn ch yu l mica v cordierrit. a phng c trng : M 287
Monte Aviolo, Italian Alps.
avlakogene avlakogen n : aulacogen. Thut ng c Shatsky xng 1955. Gc Nga. M 288

20
avon Sng n: river. Gc Celt (mt dn tc c Ty u, Trc khi ngi La M ti). M 289
axiolite axiolit Tp hp hnh cu, trong cc tinh th hnh kim ta ra t mt ng gia hay M 290
ng hn l t mt im. Th d tp hp hnh cu trong ryolit gm nhng mnh
thy tinh v nhng tinh th feldspar hnh kim, hnh si; hoc dng trng c, ht
u trong trm tch carbonat bao quanh l nhng tinh th hnh kim.
axiolith axiolith X : axiolite. M 291
axiolitic axiolit (tt) cp ti loi c kin trc axiolit (cha nhiu, phong ph axiolit). M 292
Azoic Azoi, i v sinh (t). Phn sm ca Tin Cambri, c trng bng cc khng cha du vt ca s c 293
sng. Cng c khi c hiu l ton b Tin Cambri.
azoic khng c s sng (tt) cp ti mi trng khng c s sng. M 294
azoproite azoproit Mt khong vt nhm ludwigit : (Mg, Fe+2)2 (Fe+3, Ti, Mg) BO5. M 295
azulite azulit Loi smthonit trong m, xanh nht thng c dng khi ln (th d Arizona v M 296
Greece).
azurchalcedony azurchalcedon X : azurlite. M 297
azure quartz thch anh xanh, quartz azur Thch anh xanh, c bit l thch anh saphir. M 298
azure stone mu xanh da tri ch loi mu xanh hoc cc khong vt mu xanh nh lazulit v azurit. M 299
lapis lazuli mu xanh da tri M 300
azurlite azurlit Loi chalcedon nhum mu xanh do chrysocola v c s dng nh qu. n : M 301
azurchalcedony.
azurmalachite azurmalachit Hn hp cht ch hoc mc xen ca azurit v malachit thng to thnh khi, di m 302
c dng lm trang tr.
Babel quartz thch anh Babel Loi thch anh tinh th trng ging nh thp Babel. n : Babylonian quartz. m 303
bacalite bacalit Loi h phch Baja California, Mexico. m 304
baikalite baikalit Loi diopsit mu xanh ti cha st, tm thy gn h Baikal, Lin X. m 305
baikerinite baikerinit Hydrocarbon nha, qunh cha 1/3 l baikerit c th tch ra bng cn. m 306
baikerite baikerit Mt loi ozocerit. m 307
ball coal than cc, than hn Than c dng khi cu c th c hnh thnh do gn kt. ng nhm ln vi coal m 308
ball (kt hch trong than, thn than).
coal ball kt hch trong than, thn than Kt hch tn tch thc vt b khong ha nm trong than hoc vy quanh. ng m 309
nhm ln vi ball coal (than cc, than hn).
ball ironstone qung st dng cc trm tch cha nhiu kt hch qung st. m 310
ball jasper ngc bch, jasper dng cu Jasper c nhng di mu v mu vng. m 311
Jasper khi dng cu.
ballon i, khi nng hnh trn; balon i, khi nng dng vm hnh trn thnh to do bc mn hoc nng tri. Gc m 312
Php, balloon ngha l hnh cu.
ballstone hnh cu Kt hch hoc thu knh ln trong mt a tng, c bit l thu knh qung st m 313
trong cc va than. n : ball.

21
ball doi ct; khi , kt hch hnh Doi ct, ct dc b bin. n : longshore bar. m 314
cu Khi , kt hch hnh cu. Cu to trm tch nguyn sinh cha nhng khi vt
liu hnh cu.
ball-and-pillow structure cu to-gi Cu to trm tch nguyn sinh c trong ct kt, vi c trng bi cc khi dng m 315
thn bn cu ging khi cu, gi v thng thng do st l. Th d khi gi kt
hch. Thut ng do Smith xut 1916.
banatite banatit Diorit thch anh cha feldspar kim. Hin nay khng dng. m 316
band bng nh vin thm, bng; di, 1-(tc) V tinh chp nh b mt Tri t theo cc di tn s khc nhau, mi mt m 317
tng, lp. di tn s c ghi ln mt bng nh. V d nh LANSAT TM knh 1 c bc
sng 0,45-1 m, knh 2 c bc sng 1-1,45 m, v.v.
2-(t) Tng mng phn bit bng thch hc hoc mu sc, s ph bin ca cc
di, lp mng rt thun li cho vic lin kt a tng.
Lp trong tng than.
Lp bng h.
Tn s hoc khong cch bc sng.
bandaite bandait Dacit cha labradorit hoc bytownit. Iddings (1913) t theo tn vng Bandai San, m 318
Nht Bn. Khng nn dng.
banded agate agat phn di Agat c mu khc nhau (tng mu c bn l xm, nhng c c mu trng, nu ti, m 319
nht, pht xanh v cc mu khc) phn bit bi cc di tinh t, dy khc nhau.
Nhng di mu song song hoc un ln.
Agat phn di c to thnh do lng ng silica (SiO2) (dung dch c cung cp
tng t) trong hang hc ca hoc thnh lp tch ng trn vch hang hc.
banded coal than phn di Than khng thun nht cha cc di c nh khc nhau. Than phn di thng m 320
cha bitum.
banded gneiss gneis phn di phc hp hoc bin cht phn lp u vi cc lp xen k c thnh phn v cu m 321
to khc nhau. B dy ca cc lp thng khng ln hn mt vi mt.
banded hematite quartzite quartzit hematit phn di Thut ng c s dng n v c ch thnh h st. m 322
banded iron formation thnh h st phn di Thnh h st c tnh phn di c trng, ni chung giu khong vt st v phin m 323
st hoc thch anh ht nh. Vit tt : bif.
bif thnh h st phn di Vit tt ca banded iron formation. Cn c vit tt l BIF. m 4 324
2
8
banded ironstone qung st phn di Thut ng c s dng Nam Phi ch thnh h st giu oxid st v phin st m 325
to thnh lp, di mu nu, , en. Tng ng vi thut ng ironstone Hoa K
v cc ni khc.
banded quartz-hematite hematit-thch anh phn di n : itabirite; X : banded hematite quartzite. m 326
banded peat than bn phn di Than bn gm cc di xen k ca tn tch thc vt phn hy v vt cht thi ra . m 327

22
banding tnh phn di Cu to phn lp ca bng h gm cc lp bng ht ln, ht mn hoc nhiu bt m 328
kh, trong sut xen k nhau.
Cu to phn di trong magma hoc bin cht, kt qu ca qu trnh phn lp.
L sn phm tch ng ca dng vt cht khng ng nht hoc tch ng ln lt
cc lp vt liu khc nhau. Mc d thut ng bao hm hai c im ca , nhng
thng thng c s dng ch tnh khng ng nht ca magma th hin
ngun gc ca chng.
Cu to phn di ca bin cht, bao gm cc di gn song song c cu to hoc
thnh phn khong vt khc nhau (hoc c hai).
N c th l sn phm ca phn t khng ng b v thnh phn trong qu trnh
ti kt tinh hoc c th k tha tnh phn di ca trm tch hoc tnh phn lp
ca magma.
S phn lp do lng ng vt liu khc nhau trong cc lp xen k, quan st thy
trm tch phn lp trong lt ct thng gc.
Gng l, khai trng (m).
barite dollar barit hnh a Thut ng c bit c s dng Texas v Oklahoma ch nhng khi barit m 329
hnh a thnh to trong ct kt hoc phin st c ct.
barite rosette barit dng hoa hng Tp hp, chm barit dng tm thng thnh to trong ct kt. n : barite rose, m 330
petrified rose.
barkevikite barkevikit Khong vt n nghing mu pht nu hoc en nhung ca nhm amphibol gn m 331
ging v thnh phn v hnh dng vi arfvedsonit.
basal c s; nn (tt) m 332
basal disk a nn (cs) X : basal disc. m 333
basalt glass thy tinh basalt n : sideromelanne. m 334
basaltic basalt (tt) Thuc basalt, ging basalt, th d lava basalt (basaltic lava). m 335
basaltic andesite andesit basalt kim vi c v tr trung gian gia basalt in hnh v andesit in hnh. Thut m 336
ng c dng rng ri nhng khng c nh ngha chnh xc. Khng nn dng.
basaltic dome vm basalt n : shield volcano. m 337
basaltic hornblende hornblend basalt Hornblend mu en hoc nu giu Fe+3 (Fe+2 b oxy ha) c trong basalt v trong m 338
ni la basic giu st khc. Loi hornblend mu nu c trng c tnh a sc
mnh, lng chit, khc x cao v gc tt nh. n : lamprobolite; oxyhornblende;
basaltine.
basaltic layer lp basalt ng ngha vi sima v vi cch gi tn nh vybiu th thnh phn thch hc ca m 339
n. N cng c gi l lp gabro v c th tng ng vi lp Conrad. Ss :
Mt lp no thnh thong c gi l lp basalt nu nh c tc a chn ~
6,5 7,0 km/s mc d khng bit thnh phn ca n.
basaltic plateau cao nguyn basalt n : lava plateau. m 340

23
basaltic rocks cc basalt Thut ng chung, hp nht cc magma phun tro ti mu ht mn nh basalt, m 341
diabas, dolerit v andesit ti mu.
basaltine basaltin 1-(dt) hornblend basalt. m 342
2-(dt) augit.
3-(tt) n : basaltic.
basaltite basaltit Thut ng c c dng li Hi ngh a cht quc t nm 1900 ch basalt m 343
olivin. Khng nn dng.
basalt obsidian obsidian basalt, thy tinh basalt n : sideromelane. m 344
basic bas; c s; c bn (tt) Loi magma c hm lng SiO2 (silica) thp, c khi t 44% n 51%, c khi t m 345
45% n 52% (khng cht ch). Th d gabro, basalt. Cc bas giu Fe, Mg v
(hoc) Ca v nh vy bao gm hu ht cc mafic v mt s khc. Bas l 1
trong 4 ph nhm trong h thng phn loi c s dng rng ri ca magma
trn c s hm lng silica (SiO2) : acid, trung tnh, bas v siu bas.
basite basit magma bas. m 346
bastard khng thun khit, km cht cp ti loi , khong vt khng sch, khng thun khit hoc mt m qung m 347
lng (tt) cha nhiu hp phn phi thng mi.
Kim loi hoc qung no c cht lng v gi tr khng t yu cu.
Mch qung, m qung c lin quan v nm bn cnh mch qung, m qung
chnh nhng mng hn, din tch nh hn hoc cp loi thp hn.
bastard coal than khng sch Lp than mng, khng sch nm phn di cng ca lp phin st ph ln va m 348
than; loi than c hm lng tro cao. n : batt (coal).
bastard quartz thch anh khng thun khit n : bull quartz (thch anh m khi). m 349
Cui thch anh trn, hnh cu nm trong lp b ri, mm.
bastard shale phin st cha than nn X : cannel shale. m 350
bastinite bastinit X : hureaulite. m 351
bat phin st cha than n : batt (coal). m 352
bastard rock khng thun khit Thut ng c dng nam Wales v bc Staffordshire, Anh ch ct kt m 353
khng thun khit c cha thu knh phin st hoc than.
batholith batholith, th nn Th xm nhp rng ln khng khp u vi vy quanh, c b mt xut l hn m 354
40 dm vung (100 km2) v khng bit y. a s cc nh nghin cu cho rng s
thnh to ca n l kt qu qu trnh hot ng magma. Cn c vit l
bathylith. n : abyssolith.
Bath stone Bath vi trng c mu kem, mm d khai thc v s dng lm vt liu xy dng. m 355
Tn a phng : Bath, Anh.
bathvillite bathvilit Loi nha g rt cng, dn, m c v nh hnh tn ti di dng cc xp nu m 356
pht vng trong torbanit Bathville, Scotland.
bathy- -su Tip u ng c ngha l su (deep). m 357

24
bathyal bin su (tt) cp ti mi trng i dng hoc i su gia 200 v 2000m, ng thi cng c 358
cp ti sinh vt ca mi trng ny.
bathybenthic sinh vt y su (tt) Lin quan ti sinh vt y (benthos) i su ca i dng. m 359
bathydermal bin dng su (tt) Tnh t ch bin dng hoc dch chuyn phn thp ca v sial. Ss : dermal; m 360
epidermal.
bathygenesis s pht sinh su Vn ng kin to m hoc st ln; st ln kin to ca vng bin. N xy ra m 361
tng t nh qu trnh to lc hoc vn ng kin to dng i km vi to lc
a. Tt : bathygenic.
bathygenic pht sinh su (tt) Tnh t ca bathygenesis. m 362
bathylith bathylith X : batholith. m 363
batt st cng, phin st cha carbon Thut ng Anh ch st cng khc vi st chu la (fireclay). m 364
Thut ng Anh ch phin st mu en cht xt to nn cc phin mng v
thng c trong cc va than mng hoc trong qung st. n : bass.
Than khng sch, cn c vit : bat.
bauxitization bauxit ha S thnh to bauxit t cc silicat nhm nguyn sinh (nh feldspar) hoc t cc c 365
khong vt st th sinh trong iu kin phong ha mnh m ca vng nhit i v
cn nhit i, c s tiu nc thun li lm ha tan (thng trn mc nc) silica
(SiO2), hp phn Fe v nhng thnh phn khc ca cc vt cht cha alumina
(Al2O3)
battery ore qung lm pin Mt loi qung Mn, ni chung l dioxit Mn kt tinh sch (pyrolusit hoc nsutit) m 366
thch hp sn xut pin kh.
batukite batukit phun tro ti mu gm c ban tinh clinopyroxen, t olivin trn nn m 367
clinopyroxen, magnetit v leucit; l basalt cha leucit. Iddings v Morley t tn
nm 1917 theo tn vng Batucu, Celebes. Khng nn dng.
baulite baulit n : krablite. m 368
BC soil t BC t ch c tng B v C, m 369
intertidal gian triu Khong gia mc nc triu ln v mc triu rng. n : littoral. m 370
beachrock bi bin Loi trm tch b ri n gn kt tt thnh to trong i gian triu vng nhit m 371
i hoc nhit i cha ct hoc sn si (mnh vn v khung xng) gn kt vi
carbonat Ca, th d calearenit phn tng r, chm v pha bin tm thy bi san
h c ct. Cn c vit l beach rock. n : beach sandstone.
beach rock bi bin X : beachrock. m 372
beach sandstone ct kt bi bin n : beachrock. m 373
promontory mi t m 374
beak nh, m (cs), mi t, phn nh (cs) u tht nhn mnh v Hai mnh, l im sinh trng u tin ca mnh c 375
v; hm khng rng mt s ng vt c xng sng, nh khng long, ra, chim.
Mi t (b bin).

25
 im nh di ca mt b phn ca thc vt, th d im nh ca qu hoc nhy
hoa.
bean ore qung ht u Qung st dng ht u th, xp; limonit tp hp dng thu knh, ht u. c 376
bebedourite bebedourit Pyroxenit cha biotit vi khong vt ph perovskit, apatit v titanomagnetit. m 377
Khng nn dng.
beckerite beckerit Retinit cha rt nhiu oxy (20-23%). m 378
beckite beckit T nguyn gc nhng vit sai, cn vit ng l beckite. X : beckite. m 379
bedding-plane fault t gy thun va X : bedding fault. m 380
bedding thrust t gy nghch chm theo va n : bedding glide. m 381
bediasite bediasit Tektit en huyn n nu vng trung-ng Taxas. Theo tn th trn Bedias m 382
thung lng sng Trinity.
bedrock valley thung lng gc Thung lng bc mn trn gc. m 383
beerbachite beerbachit Mt loi sng, ban u c m t l th tng su va. N sng mu, m 384
tng t nh aplit v hnh dng nhn ch yu c labradorit ht mn, orthopyroxen,
clinopyroxen v magnetit.
beforsite beforsit Loi carbonatit dolomit su va. Eckermann t theo tn vng Bergeforceu, Thy m 385
in. Khng nn dng.
bekinkinite bekinkinit magma thnh phn ch yu c amphibol Na, clinopyroxen, nephelin v olivin m 386
km theo plagioclas, biotit v analcim; c bit l theralit. Rosenbusch t theo
tn vng Bekinkina, Malagasy, nm 1907.
bell-metal ore qung kim loi Cu-Sn n : stannite. c bit loi c mu ng thic. m 387
beloeilite beloeilit xm nhp dng ht cha sodalit, th n l feldspar K v mt s lng nh m 388
khong vt mafic. C th c hoc khng c nephelin.Johannsen t theo tn vng
Mont Belocit, Quebec.
stannite stanit Khong vt h bn phng mu en st hoc xm thp : Cu2FeSnS4. Km thng m 389
thay th cho Fe. Stanit nh kim loi, c trong nhng khi dng ht ca mch
qung thic, i km vi casiterit. n : tin pyrites, bell-metal ore.
Casiterit khng sch. n : stannine.
stannine stanin X : stannite. m 390
belugite belugit Nhm xm nhp c andesin v labradorit v nh vy c hm lng feldspar m 391
nm gia diorit v gabro. Thut ng t c dng v khng c nh ngha r
rng.
bench placer sa khong thm Ct cui si c khai thc nh mt sa khong. n : river bar placer, terrace m 392
placer.
beneficiation lm giu qung Nng cao cht lng ca qung bng phng php k thut thch hp (nghin, m 393
phn loi lm giu bng trng lc, v.v. )
Benioff fault plane mt t gy Beniof X : Benioff seismic zone. 394

26
Benioff seismic zone i a chn Beniof B mt cc vc bin su ca vnh ai Thi Bnh Dng cm dc v pha lc a m 395
vi gc khong 45o, dc theo n tp trung nhiu tm ng t. Thnh thong n
c xem nh mt t gy Beniof. Theo thuyt kin to mng v tch gin y i
dng, cc mng thch quyn ht chm vo mantl thng gy nn ng t dc
theo ranh gii trn ca mng.
Benioff zone i Beniof X : Benioff seismic zone. m 396
benthic sinh vt y (tt) cp ti sinh vt y, mi trng y. n : benthonic; demersal. m 397
benthogene sinh y Trm tch thnh to t thc vt v ng vt y hoc kt ta ha hc trn y m 398
bin.
benthonic sinh vt y (tt) X : benthic. m 399
benthos sinh vt y Nhng dng sinh vt sng y bin, y i dng. Cc loi c lin quan cht m 400
ch vi sinh vt y cng c xp vo y. Tt : benthic.
benavidesite benavidesit Khong vt : Pb4(Mn, Fe) Sb6S14, cha Mn tng t jamesonit. m 401
bentonitic arkose arkos bentonit Thut ng Ross v Shannon s dng nm 1926 ch tro ni la c ct cha t m 402
hn 25% khong vt st bentonit.
berdesinskiite berdesinskiit Khong vt n nghing : V2TiO5. m 403
beresite beresit aplit su va b bin i thnh loi ging nh greisen cha thch anh v m 404
thng c pyrit. Ban u beresit c xc nh c thnh phn ch yu l feldspar,
sau c xc nh thnh phn feldspar thay i v thm ch c xc nh nh
porphyr thch anh. Khng nn dng.
berezovite berezovit n : phoenicochroite. Cn c vit l : beresovite. m 405
beresovite beresovit n : berezovite. m 406
berezovskite berezovkit Loi chromit c t s Fe : Mg t 3 n 1. n : beresofskite. m 407
beresofskite beresofskit n : berezovskite. m 408
bergalite bergalit Lamprophyr gm cc ban tinh melilit, hauyn, biotit v t hn l clinopyroxen trn m 409
nn ht nh ca cc vt , c thm nephelin, magnetit, perovskit, apatit v thy
tinh. Soellner t tn vo nm 1913. Khng nn dng.
bergmeal bergmeal X : moonmilk; cn c vit : bergmehl. m 410
bergmehl bergmehl X : moonmilk; cn c vit l : bergmeal. m 411
beringite beringit Trachyt cha amphibol Na, ti mu cha albit v mt t feldspar K. Starzynski t m 412
nm 1913 theo tn o Bering, Lin X. Khng nn dng.
berkeyite berkeyit Lazulit, qu trong sut t Brazil. m 413
bermudite bermudit phun tro lamprophyr cha mt t ban tinh biotit trn nn analcim, nephelin v m 414
feldspar kim; nephelinit biotit. Pirsson t nm 1914 theo tn o Bermuda.
Khng nn dng.
bernstein bernstein, h phch, nha ha n : amber (h phch). T gc c : Bernstein c ngha l chy. m 415
berondrite berondrit Theralit ging luscladit nhng c trng bi s c mt ca cc phin amphibol v m 416

27
 titanaugit ca pha mafic v nephelin.
Lacroix t nm 1920 theo tn vng Berondra, Malogasy. Khng nn dng.
berthonite berthonit X : bournonite. m 417
beryllonite berylonit Khong vt mu vng hoc khng mu : NaBePO4. L nhng tinh th h thoi m 418
trong sut ging topaz.
beryllosodalite berylosodalit X : tugtupite. m 419
beschtauite beschtauit Mt loi porphyr thch anh cha Na. Gerassimow t nm 1910 theo tn ni m 420
Beschtau thuc dy Caucas. Khng cn dng.
Bessemer ore qung Bessemer Loi qung st cha rt t P (ni chung nh hn 0,045%). t tn nh vy bi v m 421
loi qung ny ph hp vi phng php sn xut thp bng l Bessemer, hin
nay khng cn dng.
beta chalcocite chalcocit beta X : chalcocite. m 422
1558 betafite betafit Khong vt mu vng, nu, pht xanh hoc en ca nhm pyrochlor (Ca, Na, m 423
U)2(Nb, Ta)2O5(O. OH). N l loi pyrochlor giu U tm thy trong pegmatit
granit gn Betafo, Madagascar.
Betafit to thnh mt dy lin tc vi pyrochlor. N l thnh vin ca seri vi
urani ln hn 15%. n : ellsworthite; hatchettolite; blomstrandite.
1561 beudantite beudantit (Trong t in vit nhm l beudanite)`c 424
1566 BHP p sut y l Vit tt ca : bottom-hole pressure. c 425
1568 Biarritzian Biarritzi 426
bielenite bielenit Peridotit c cha olivin v nhiu loi pyroxen. N c phn bit vi therzolit bi m 427
cha nhiu pyroxen hn olivin. Clinopyroxen, orthopyroxen, chromit v magnetit
l thnh phn ch yu. Tn c t theo tn sng Biele, Tip Khc. Khng nn
dng.
book tp, tp mica. X: mica book. 428
bifacies hai tng Thut ng c Bailey v Childers (1977) dng trong cng tc thm d urani m 429
ch cc thnh to nhiu mu c trng bi c tng oxi ha v tng kh. Ss :
monofacies.
Biharian Bihari Bc Chu u, t gia (trn Vilafranchi, di Olderburgi). m 430
billitonite bilitonit Tektit Indonesia o Belitung (Billiton) gn Sumatra; Tektit ng n. m 431
bimaceral hai hp phn hu c (ca than) Loi than trong vi thnh phn c hai maceral (hp phn hu c). m 432
bimagmatic hai ngun magma Thut ng tng qut, khng cht ch ch porphyr trong cc khong vt c m 433
hai th h. Thut ng c gc c bimagmatisch.
bimodal sediment trm tch hai thnh phn Trm tch ht nh c hai c ht. Th d si aluvi nhiu ht ln. m 434
binary granite granit c cp khong vt n : two-mica granite (granit hai mica). Thut ng c Keyes dng 1895. Khng m 435
nn dng.

28
binary sediment trm tch c cp thnh phn Trm tch l hn hp ca hai thnh phn hoc t thnh phn, th d trm tch gm m 436
c thnh phn mnh vn (nh hch anh) v thnh phn ha hc (nh calcit); hoc
tp hp gm c ct v si.
binary system h hai cu t H ha hc c hai thnh phn, th d h MgO-SiO2. m 437
binding coal than ng bnh, than dnh kt n : caking coal. m 438
bindstone kt dnh Loi m tiu hoc kt dnh bao gm nhng qun th dng lp khm nhng m 439
mnh ha thch ln hoc trm tch mn hn thnh to nn nhng khi phn lp
cha khung xng v cc mnh vn sinh vt.
binnite binit Loi tenantit cha bc. m 440
binocular microscope knh hin vi hai mt; nh th knh Knh hin vi s dng ng thi c hai mt. m 441
bioaccumulated limestone vi tch t sinh vt vi cha ch yu l v s v cc vt liu ha thch khc c ngun gc ti ch m 442
nhng khng phi l mt qun tc sinh vt c tch ng to mt ch. N c
c trng bi mt s lng ln ha thch khng v, nhiu loi khc nhau v
nhng khi ht nh.
biocalcarenite calcarenit sinh vt Loi calcarenit cha nhiu ha thch hoc mnh ha thch. Th d vi cha m 443
Hu bin (Crinoidea).
biocalcilutite calcilutit sinh vt Loi calcilutit cha nhiu ha thch hoc mnh ha thch. m 444
biocalcilyte vi sinh vt Thut ng do brabau (1924) s dng ch vn sinh vt giu Ca nh san h, m 445
v s hoc bn bin giu Ca. Hin c vit l biocalcilite.
biocalcirudite calcirudit sinh vt Loi calcirudit cha nhiu ha thch hoc mnh ha thch. m 446
biocalcisiltite calcisiltit sinh vt Loi calcisiltit cha nhiu ha thch hoc mnh ha thch. m 447
biocementstone sinh vt gn kt m tiu, carbonat trm tch c trng c nhiu du vt ca loi thn mm to m 448
trong cc khi vi ht.
biocenology qun lc sinh hc Nhnh ca sinh thi hc quan tm n mi mt ca qun lc t nhin v mi lin m 449
quan gia cc thnh vin ca qun lc . Cn c vit : biocoenology. Ss :
biosociology.
biocenosis qun lc sinh vt X : biocoenosis. m 450
bioclastic rock vn sinh vt 1- bao gm ch yu l cc mnh v t c trc hoc b dp v, thay i do m 451
hot ng ca sinh vt. Th d : r cy, giun t, sinh vt (Grabau, 1904). Nh vy
khng nht thit phi gm nhng mnh vn . Xp vo y cn c c do
con ngi to nn (th d b tng).
2- trm tch gm mnh di tch, v vn ca sinh vt nh vi cha mnh v
s. Ss : biogenic rock.
biocoenology qun lc sinh hc X : biocenology. m 452
biocycle trng sinh vt, chu k sinh hc Vng phn b sinh vt c lin quan, mt trong nhng n v chnh ca sinh m 453
quyn; nc bin, nc ngt, t lin l nhng trng sinh vt.
S pht trin lp i lp li theo chu k ca sinh vt.

29
 bioecology sinh thi sinh vt Nhnh ca sinh thi hc quan tm ti mi lin quan gia thc vt v ng vt m 454
trong mi trng chung ca chng.
biofacies map bn sinh tng Bn tng trn c s thuc tnh c sinh ch r s bin i theo khu vc ca m 455
ton b c im c sinh trong mt n v a tng nht nh. N th hin cho cc
b phn hoc ton b qun th ha thch sinh vt c mt hoc t l gia chng.
biogas gas sinh vt, biogas Gas ngun gc hu c, a s l methan nh gas t nhin, gas m ly hoc gas t m 456
vt liu hu c tch ng trn t lin.
biogenesis ngun gc sinh vt 1-Thnh to hot ng ca sinh vt, th d cc rn san h. m 457
2-Hc thuyt cho rng tt c cuc sng u bt ngun t nhng c th sng
nguyn thy. Ss : abiogenesis.
biogenetic rock ngun gc sinh vt X : biogenic rock. m 458
biogenic rock ngun gc sinh vt hu c, sn phm trc tip ca hoat ng sinh l ca sinh vt (hoc l thc vt m 459
hoc l ng vt), th d rn san h, vi v s. bn bin khi, than, than bn.
Ss : bioclastic rock; biolith. n : biogenous rock; biogenetic rock.
biogenous rock ngun gc sinh vt X : biogenic rock. m 460
1616 biolite biolit 1-(kv) Tn nhm khong vt thnh to do hot ng ca sinh vt. m 461
2-(trt) a. biolith;
b. Thut ng c ch cc kt hch thnh to xuyn sut hot ng ca
sinh vt sng.
biolith biolith ngun gc hu c, cha tn d hu c. n : biolite. m 462
biological oceanography sinh vt hc i dng Mn khoa hc nghin cu i sng ng-thc vt ca i dng. m 463
biomicrite micrit sinh vt vi cha mt hp phn no mnh v khung xng v b n carbonat m 464
(micrit); c bit l loi vi cha nh hn 25% mnh vn v nh hn 25%
trng c vi tng t l ha thch v mnh v ha thch so vi phn dng ht ln
hn 3 ln v cc khi bn carbonat u th hn xi mng calcit. N c trng cho
mi trng c nng lng t nhin thp. Sinh vt chnh c ch nh r khi s
dng thut ng, th d biomicrit Hu bin, biomicrit Tay cun.
biomicrosparite microsparit sinh vt Biomicrit trong cc khi bn carbonat ti kt tinh vi ht; Loi microsparit cha m 465
ha thch hoc mnh v ha thch.
biomicrudite micrudit sinh vt Loi biomicrit cha ha thch hoc mnh v ha thch c bn knh ln hn 1mm. m 466
bionomics sinh thi X : ecology. m 467
biopelite st sinh vt, pelit sinh vt st sinh vt, c bit l phin en. m 468
biopelmicrite pelmicrit sinh vt vi c thnh phn trung gian gia biomicrit v pelmicrit; c bit l vi t m 469
hn 25% mnh vn v t hn 2%% trng c, c t l ton b ha thch v
mnh v ha thch so vi phn dng trong khong t 3 n 1/3 v khi bn
carbonat (micrit) u th hn so vi xi mng calcit.
biopelsparite pelsparit sinh vt vi c thnh phn trung gian gia biomicrit v pelmicrit; c bit l vi m 470

30
 cha t hn 25% mnh vn v t hn 25% trng c vi t l tng ha thch v
mnh v ha thch so vi phn dng ht giao ng trong khong 3 n 1/3 v xi
mng calcit u th hn khi bn carbonat (micrit).
biophile biophil Nhng nguyn t c trng nht trong sinh vt v vt cht hu c. m 471
Nhng nguyn t tp trung trong thc vt v ng vt sng.
biosiliceous ooze bn sinh vt cha silic Bn bin su ch yu c vi ha thch cha silic nh Diatomae (To silic), m 472
Radiolaria, silicoflagellates.
biosociology x hi hc sinh vt Mt nhnh ca sinh thi hc quan tm ti s ng x by n ca sinh vt trong m 473
cng ng. Ss : biocenology.
biosparite sparit sinh vt vi cha mt hp phn no di tch khung xng v calcit sch; c bit l m 474
loi vi cha t hn 25% mnh vn v nh hn 25% trng c vi t l tng
ha thch v mnh vn ha thch ln hn 3 v xi mng calcit u th hn khi bn
carbonat (micrit).
Sinh vt ch yu c ch nh r khi s dng thut ng, th d biosparit
Pelecypoda. biosparit Trilobita.
biosparrudite sparudit sinh vt Loi biosparit cha ha thch v mnh vn ha thch c ng knh ln hn 1 m 475
mm.
biospeleology sinh vt hc hang ng Ngnh khoa hc nghin cu sinh vt sng trong hang ng. m 476
biosphere sinh quyn Tt c nhng vng c sinh vt sng. Bao gm cc phn ca thch quyn, thy m 477
quyn v kh quyn.
Tt c sinh vt sng ca Tri t v kh quyn ca n.
biotitite biotitit siu mafic c thnh phn hu nh ch c biotit. n : glimmerite. m 478
biotitization biotit ha S thay th bi biotit. m 479
birds-eye coal than mt chim Anthracit vi nhiu khe nt nh gy nn vt v dng na v s. m 480
birds-eye ore qung mt chim Thut ng ca th m Arkansas dng ch bauxit dng ht u c trng cho m 481
s tch ng tn d. Cn c vit : birdseye ore.
birkremite birkremit Syenit thch anh sng mu c feldspar kim, mt t hypersthen; kalialaskit cha m 482
orthopyroxen. Cn c vit : bjerkreimit. Tn do Kolderup t nm 1896 theo
tn vng Birkrem, Na Uy. Khng nn dng.
birthstone sinh nht Loi c chn biu tng cho thng sinh. Thng mt (granat); thng hai m 483
(amethyst); thng ba (ngc bch c chm hoc aquamarin); thng t (kim
cng); thng nm (emarald); thng su (ngc trai hoc mt trng hoc
alexandrit); thng by (ruby); thng tm (m no hoc peridot); thng chn
(saphir); thng mi (opal hoc tourmalin); thng mi mt (topas hoc citrin);
thng mi hai (ngc lam hoc zircon).
1645 bisbeeite bisbeit. Khong vt cn nghi ng : CuSiO3.H2O (?), ng ha tr vi chryrocola. c 484
bitter salts mui magnesi sulfat, epsomit X : epsomite. m 485

31
 bitter spar dolomit X : dolomite. m 486
bitumenite bitumenit X : torbanite. m 487
bitumenization bitum ha Than ha. m 488
S lm giu hydrocarbon.
bituminous cha bitum, bitum (tt) V loi than bitum. m 489
(kv) Khong vt c mi bitum.
(trt) a- trm tch cha nhiu bitum.
b- Mt cch khng cht ch, cp ti mt cht cha nhiu hu c hoc vt cht
cha carbon, th d qung cha bitum (qung st cha nhiu vt cht nh than).
bituminous brown coal than nu cha bitum X : pitch coal. m 490
bituminous coal than cha bitum Loi than nm gia than bitum v anthracit cha hn 14% cht bc (trn nn tro m 491
kh) v c nhit lng ln hn 11.500 BTU/16 (m, ri) v ln hn 10.500 nu
kt t. Thng c mu nu en n en v chy vi ngn la c khi. Than cha
bitum l loi than phong ph nht v phn nhiu c tui Carbon. n : soft coal.
bituminous fermentation ln men sinh bitum (ym kh). S ln men ca vt cht thc vt trong iu kin khng c khng kh v m m 492
cao. Cht bc oc tch ng li v thnh to nn bitum, th d than bn, than.
bituminous lignite than nu, than non, lignit cha X : pitch coal. m 493
bitum.
bituminous limestone vi cha bitum. vi dng khi, mu ti cha nhiu vt cht hu c thnh to trong iu kin t m 494
ng v bc mi thi khi p v.
bitumonous wood lignit dng g cha bitum. X : woody lignite. m 495
bjerezite bjerezit. magma kin trc porphyr ban tinh l nephelin, pyroxen vi vnh acmit m 496
(erigin), thanh andesin di v feldspar kim trn nn ht nh pyroxen, mica nu,
andesin, feldspar K, nephelin, analcim v zeolit. c t tn vo nm 1928 bi
Erdmannsdoerfer theo tn vng Bjerez, Lin X. Khng nn dng.
1677 bizardite bizardit Alnoit cha nephelin l pha c bn. t tn theo vng Bizard, Quebec. Khng nn c 497
dng.
bjerkreimite birkremit. X : birkremite. m 498
black alkali kim en. Thut ng c ch t kim, Na ca n c xu hng xm nhp vo trong vt m 499
cht hu c v c mu en.
black amber h phch en. H phch en, than nu sm. m 500
Stantienit.
black-and-white iceberg o bng tri mu en-trng. o bng tri vi nhng lp , vt cht hn tp, ti mu, mu en v nhng lp m 501
sch, mu trng.
blackband ironstone st cha than. Loi st-st dng lp cha vt liu carbon (10-20%) t nung (khng cn m 502
ph gia nhin liu). n : blackband ore; blackband.
blackband lp than hn tp. Loi siderit dng t mu ti to thnh hn hp vi st, ct c nhiu vt liu cha m 503

32
 carbon thng xuyn i km vi than. n : blackband ore.
Lp mng (chiu dy t 10cm) than hn tp xen kp vi st, phin st trong
st cha than.
st cha than.
blackband ore qung cha than. Blackband. m 504
Blackband ironstone.
black chalcedony chalcedon en. Thay cho thut ng m no en (black onyx). m 505
black chalk phn en. St, phin st cha carbon c dng lm sn, phn v. m 506
black chert phin silic en. phin silic cha carbon. m 507
Anh ch la.
black cobalt asbolit. X : asbolite. m 508
black copper tenorit. X : tenorite. m 509
blackdamp kh m than. Loi kh m than khng n cha khong 15% CO2 v khong 85% N. n : m 510
chokedamp.
1680 black diamond kim cng en. Thut ng ch carbonado; qu kim cng mu en; hematit en, c st, nh m 511
bng nh kim loi.
n : coal (than).
black earth t en. Loi than chc mn c s dng lm sn. n : Cologne earth; Cologne umber; m 512
Cassel brown; Cassel earth; Vandyke brown.
a- Chernozem.
b- Tng qut hn l loi t en.
black gold vng en. Tn biu tng cho du th. m 513
Maldonit (hp kim vng bitum t nhin).
Vng sa khong b bc mt cht mu nu en, en (nh mt lp mng oxid Mn)
v v vy ch nhn thy mu vng khi bc b lp ny.
black granite granit en. Granit thng mi, khi nh bng c mu xm ti n en. N c th l diabas, m 514
diorit hoc gabro.
black hemetite hematit en. Trc y cho l ng ngha vi romanechit. l sai lm v romanechit khng m 515
cha Fe.
black lignite lignit en, lignit A. m 516
black metal phin en. Loi phin en i cng vi tng than. m 517
black onyx m no en. Tn thng dng ch chalcedon mu en, thng c mu gi. Mc d t m m 518
no (onyx) hon ton khng chnh xc (ngoi tr loi phn gii), thut ng vn
c chp nhn ch loi chalcedon c mu, cng.
blacks en. phin mu en cha nhiu carbon. m 519
Thut ng Anh ch phin, st bn mu en dng than.
blacks shale phin en. phin cha carbon phn phin mng mu ti c bit giu vt cht hu c (5% m 520

33
 hoc ln hn) v sulfua (c bit l sulfua st, thng thng l pyrit) v c khi
cha nguyn t vt (U, V, Cu, Ni). N c hnh thnh do phn hy k kh ca
vt cht hu c trong mi trng kh, nc lng (th d trong vng bin nc
lng) c trng bi s vn chuyn hn ch v trm ng rt chm ca vt liu
mnh vn. Sinh vt ha thch (ch yu l b tri ni, bi li) tn ti di dng cc
tm mng graphit hoc cha carbon hoc pyrit thay th. n : biopelite.
Than dng nn phn phin mng, phin cha carbon thng thnh to trong
cc vm, lp kp than. n : black metal.
black smoker ming phun nhit dch en. Ming nhit dch nh ni gia i dng, th d ngun ng Thi Bnh Dng m 521
ti ming ca Vnh California. Nc b nhum en bi cht kt ta sulfua phun ra
ngoi vi tc 1-5m/s v nhit t ra l 350oC. Thut ng cp ti s phun ra
cc dung dch huyn ph mu en.
blackwall tng mu en. Nguyn thy l thut ng dng m ch nhng th dng tm loi giu m 522
mica hoc chlorit mu en hoc sm mu. Hin nay s dng trong thch lun bin
cht ch cc hu nh n khong biotit, chlorit hoc amphibol ti mu hoc
mu en thnh to do phn ng tip xc gia siu bas v vy quanh c
thnh phn tng phn.
blady dng tm. Ging nh tm; th d calcit tm c tinh th ko di vi b rng ln hn nhiu m 523
so vi b rng ca tinh th calcit dng si.
blairmorite blairmorit. phun tro kin trc porphyr c nhiu tinh th analcim ln trn nn analcim, m 524
feldspar kim v clinopyroxen Na vi cc khong vt ph l sphen, melanit v
nephelin; phonolit alnalcim. Knight t nm 1904 theo tn vng Blairmore,
Alberta. Khng nn dng.
1701 blast n mn; bin d; phun kh. 1- a) N mn ph , khai thc . c 525
b) Hiu ng mnh gn a im n gy nn sng p sut kh quyn tng cao tip
theo l sng p sut kh quyn h xung. n : shock wave.
2- (bc) Bin d, bin tinh : a) Tip u ng ch kin trc tn d. b) Tin t hoc
hu t ca thut ng ch loi kin trc thnh to hon ton do bin cht.
1706 blastic deformation bin dng bin d. c 526
blastogranitic granit bin d (tt). Kin trc tn d trong bin cht trong cn c du vt kin trc granit m 527
nguyn thy.
ng ngha khng cn dng ca thut ng blastogranular.
blastogranular ht bin d (tt). Kin trc bin cht ht khng ng nht c trng bi ht bin d c to ln, ht m 528
bin d mi nh hn v bi ng sut nh gy nn s phn phin yu. Thut ng
cn c xem l ng ngha vi ban tinh c nt (porphyroclastic) hoc c
xem l ph nhm kin trc th hin ng sut nh.
blastolaminar phin, tm bin d (tt). Kin trc bin cht ht khng ng nht c trng bi ht bin d c to ln, ht m 529

34
 bin d mi nh hn v bi ng sut ln gy nn s phn phin mnh. N c
xem l ph nhm kin trc ca ban tinh c nt c trng cho ng sut ln.
blastomylonite mylonit bin d. mylonit trong c s kt tinh v/hoc c s thnh to khong vt mi. m 530
blastopelitic pelit bin d (tt). Kin trc ca st b bin cht trong c tn d ca m. m 531
blastophitic ophit bin d (tt). Kin trc tn d trong bin cht trong cn gi li du vt kin trc ophit ban m 532
u.
blastoporphyritic porphyrit bin d (tt). Kin trc tn d trong bin cht trong cn gi li du vt kin trc porphyrit m 533
ban u.
blastopsammitic ct kt bin d, psamit bin d Kin trc ca ct kt b bin cht cha di tch m. m 534
(tt).
blastopsephitic cui kt, dm kt bin d; Kin trc ca cui kt hoc dm kt b bin cht cha di tch m. m 535
psephit bin d.
blend coal than hn hp. Anthracit hoc mt loi than khc chy khng c ngn la. m 536
Cok t nhin ging vi anthracit.
blister hypothesis gi thit phng n. Gi thuyt v nguyn nhn to ni, cho rng trong mt i khng su hn 80 km m 537
ca v Tri t, nhit t phn hy phng x lm cho nhng thu knh rng ln
b nung nng v gin n to nn cc vm ca lp v nm trn, qu trnh c tip
din hnh thnh nn cu trc to ni cc lp gn mt t. Vng nng chy
hoc gi thuyt thnh to magma do nhit phng x ca B. Willis tng t
nhau. Cc ti liu a vt l ch ra rng khng c kh nng tn ti cc vng
phng n nh vy v gi thuyt hu nh khng c chp nhn.
blocked-out ore qung chun b khai thc. n : developed reserves. m 538
blockite blockit. X : penroseite. m 539
block lava lava, dung nham khi tng. Dung nham c dng khi b mt gc cnh. N ging dung nham kiu aa 540
nhng cc mnh c dng u n hn, c phn nhn hn v t bt kh.
blue amber h phch mu xanh. Loi h phch dng khung xng mu pht xanh do c cha carbonat Ca. 541
1734 blocky structure kin trc khi trng (cctr). c 542
block talc talc dng khi. Thut ng chung ch talc hoc x phng dng khi c th khai thc c 543
kh.
19802 blue-black ore qung xanh en. X: corvusite. 544
blue chalcocite chalcocit xanh. X: digenite. 545
blue copper ore qung ng xanh. X: azurite. 546
blue earth t xanh. X: blue ground. 547

35
 blue elvan xanh lc. Thut ng x Cornwall ch xanh lc c trong cc dike. 548
blue ground t xanh. Kimberlit mu xanh lam hoc xanh lc khng b oxy ho, thng dng dm 549
kt (nh cc ng n cha kim cng Nam Phi) nm di i t mu vng
oxy ho. n: blue earth.
blue iron earth t st xanh. Vivianit dng bt xanh xm. 550
blue ironstone st xanh. Khong vt cha st pht xanh c bit l crocidolit v vivianit. 551
blue lead ch xanh; sa khong vng. 1-Galen, c bit loi dng khi mu xm pht xanh. n: blue lead ore. 552
2-Lp qung hoc m sa khong cha vng mu pht xanh tm thy trong
lng sng Tertiary, Sierra Nevada, California. Cn vit l: blue leed.
blue metal phin, bn xanh. Thut ng Anh ch phin hoc bn xm pht xanh nm y cc 553
va than v thng cha pirit.
1750 blue quartz thch anh xanh. 1-Dng thch anh kt tinh mu xanh nht hoc xanh hi pha , cha bao th c 554
hnh kim rutil, dng ht trong bin cht v magma.
2-Thch anh nh saphir.
blue vitriol chalcanthit. X: chalcanthite. 555
1764 body khi nc ; phn d chy trong 1-Khi nc tch bit vi cc khi nc khc, v d i dng, nc bin, c 556
than. nc sui, nc h.
2-Phn d bn la nh m to nn loi than d chy, th d than bitum c
nhiu phn d chy hn anthracit.
asthenolith asthenolith. Th magma c thnh to nng chy gy ra do sc nng t phn r phng 557
x (Willis, 1938).
asthenolith hypothesis gi thuyt thnh to magma do L thuyt v s hot ng magma c xm nhp v phun tro, cho rng cc 558
nhit phng x. vng b nng chy do sc nng hot ng phng x xy ra cc hin tng c
tnh chu k nh nng chy, tng trng, dch chuyn, ngui lnh, c kt v ti
nng chy. Hot ng nng chy do nhit phng x c xem l nguyn nhn
gy nn s nng tri, st ln, to ni, ng t v bin cht (Willis, 1938).
board coal lignit dng g, than nu dng X: woody lignite. 559
g.
1775 boghedite boghedit. ng ngha c ca torbanit. c 560
bog coal than nu dng t. 561
bog manganese mangan m ly. Qung m ly c thnh phn thay i nhng ch yu l oxid Mn ngm nc 562
; c bit l oxid Mn-Fe (wad) hnh thnh trong m ly do hot ng ca vi

36
 thc vt.
bog-mine ore qung m m ly. ng ngha ca qung m ly (bog ore). Cn c gi l m m ly (bog 563
mine).
bog peat than bn m ly. n: highmoor peat. 564
bogusite bogusit. xm nhp c thnh phn tng qut ging nh teschenit nhng mu sng 565
hn. Tn c Johannsen t vo nm 1913 theo tn vng Boguschowitz,
Tip Khc. Khng nn dng.
1779 Bohemian garnet granat Bohemia. qu loi pyrop mu vng nht- n sm, m, tm thy Bohemia. c 566
1780 Bohemian ruby ruby Bohemia. Dng thch anh kt tinh mu , lm qu. c 567
1781 Bohemian topaz topaz Bohemia. X: citrine. c 568
bhmite bhmit. X: boehmite. 569
blende blend. 1-Sphalerit. 570
2-Nhng khong vt (ch yu l sulfua kim loi) vi tnh phn quang lng
lnh hoc ging nha nhng c nh phi kim nh sphalerit (zinc blende),
kermesit (antimony blende), eulytit (bismuth blende), greenockit (cadmium
blende), pitchblend v hornblend. Thut ng c gc c blende, ngha l
khng tht.
1790 bomb bom ni la ; bnh chu p sut 1-Mt loi mnh vn c nm ra trng thi nht do hot ng bng n ca c 571
v nhit cao. ni la. Do dung nham trng thi nht li xoay trn khi bay trong khng
gian nn khi ri xung t chng c nhiu hnh dng khc nhau nh dng qu
bom, bnh m, xon, dt. Phn bn trong ca bom c nhiu l hng hoc c
dng bt, cn phn bn ngoi l thy tinh hoc c st. Kch thc ca qu
bom thay i t 30-200 mm, c khi ln hn 200mm.
2-Bnh chu p sut v nhit cao trong th nghim. N c th dng trong
a ha hc v trong thch lun thc nghim. n: pressure vessel.
bombiccite bombicit. X: hartite. 572
bombite bombit. Aluminosilicat cha Fe v Ca Bombay, n . L loi cha thy tinh. 573
bonamite bonamit. Tn thng mi ca Smithsonit lm qu mu xanh to, ging vi mu ca 574
chrysopras.
bombollaite bombolait. X: bambollaite. 575
bone phin silic; xng. 1-Thch anh pht , trng, xm ht mn rn chc. 576

37
 2-Xng v di tch sinh vt trong trm tch.
bone amber h phch cha xng. n: osseous amber. 577
bone bed lp cha xng; va cha Tng trm tch (thng l mt lp mng ca ct kt, vi hoc sn si) 578
xng. trong c nhiu xng ha thch, mnh vn xng v cha cc di tch hu
c khc nh vy, rng, phn.
bone breccia dm kt cha xng. Tp hp xng v cc mnh v xng thng hn hp vi t, ct v c 579
gn kt vi carbonat Ca, c bit trm tch thnh to trong hang ng vi
hoc ni c tr khc ca ng vt. n: osseous Breccia.
bone cave hang ng cha xng. Hang ng thch hp nh mt by cho ha thch ng vt c xng sng. 580
bone coal than phin. 1-Than c hm lng tro cao, khi, cng. 581
2-B phn cha st trong than, thng gi l phin.
bone phosphate of lime phosphat xng ca vi. Phosphat ba calci, Ca3(PO4)2. Hm lng phosphat ca phosphorit l phn 582
phosphat xng ca vi. Vit tt BPL.
bone turquoise turquois xng. X: odontolite. 583
1796 boninite boninit. Andesit olivin-bronzit thy tinh cha t feldspar. Petersen t nm 1891 theo c 584
tn qun o Bonin, Nht Bn. Khng nn dng.
bony coal than phin. X: bone coal. 585
book clay st tp, st tp. St tch ng thnh lp mng trng nh phin l. n: leaf clay. 586
book structure cu to tp, cu to xp tp Trong m qung c s xen lp ca qung vi cc khong vt mch thng l 587
song song. thch anh to thnh cc phin song song.
1800 boothite boothit. Khong vt h n nghing, mu xanh: CuSO4.7H2O, xanh sng hn c 588
chalcanthit.
1804 borax bead ht borax. Mt loi ht c s dng trong phn tch ng thi cc hp cht kim loi. c 589
borax lake h borax. 1-H c b tch ng nhng lp giu borax. 590
2-Lp giu borax, kh ca h.
border facies tng ra, tng bin. Phn bin (ra) ca mt th magma khc v kin trc v thnh phn vi thn 591
chnh ca magma do b ngui lnh nhanh hoc hn nhim vt cht t
vy quanh.
1823 boron bo (B). Tn La tinh l borum. c 592
borickite borickit. Khong vt nu pht cha phosphat Fe v Ca, tnh bas, ngm nc. 593
border fault t gy bin; t gy ngoi vi. 594

38
botanical anomaly d thng thc vt. S tng cao c tnh a phng v thnh phn ha hc, s phn b, t hp 595
sinh thi, hnh dng ca thc vt ch th kh nng c mt ca m qung. Xem
thm : geobotanical prospecting.
boulder conglomerate tng kt. gn kt thnh phn ch yu l cc tng. 596
boulder depression trng tng. Mt kiu trng khi trn mt trng nng, c nhiu vt liu tng b mt 597
phng, kch thc nh dn v pha di v cn c cc thn g. ng knh
vi mt n hng trm mt.
boulder fan nn phng vt tng; qut Mt tp hp hnh qut (bn nguyt) ca cc mnh v (ch yu l tng) t 598
bi tch tng. ngun gc chu nh hng trc tip ca bng h v do bng h chng c
vn chuyn v tch ng.
boulder fiel trng tng, bi tng. X: block stream. 599
boulder flat bi bng tng, ng bng Vng t bng phng c ph bi nhiu tng. 600
tng.
boulder gravel tng cha gn kt, tng Trm tch cha gn kt c thnh phn ch yu l cc tng. 601
ri.
boulder of tng do phn hy. Tng thnh to do phong ha ha hc; th d khi nt basalt b thay i v 602
decomposition gt trn do phong ha dng cu, gi li nhn hnh cu cn ti bao quanh bi
v phn hy.
boulder of disintegration tng do c nt; tng do Tng thnh to do phong ha c hc, th d tng c to dng do bc 603
ph hy c hc. v.
boulder of weathering tng do phong ha. Phn nhn v phn ra cc khi ri, to c tch ng li ngay trn mt 604
hoc di mt t v c thnh to do phong ha c hc v ha hc, th d
tng do phn hy v tng do ph hy c hc. n: residual boulder;
weathering boulder.
boulder opal opal tng, khi. Thut ng c th m Queensland, c dng ch kt hch st cha Si 605
ngun gc kt vn cha opal qu v c trong ct kt hoc st.
boulder prospecting tm kim theo tng ln. S dng cc mnh v t m qung nh l mt ch th qung trong cng tc 606
tm kim.
boulder stone tng. Thut ng c ch khi ln nm trn mt t hoc trong t c tch ra 607
t gc trong vng nh mt vt th lang thang. n: boulder.
boulderstone tng kt. trm tch gn kt cha vt liu c kch thc tng. 608
bouldery tng (tt). c trng bi cc tng, th d t tng (bouldery soil) cha c ng knh 609
ln hn 60cm (24in).

39
boule boul. Cc khi hnh c ct gt dng qu l, c c rt ging nh saphir, ruby hoc 610
rutil c to nn trong qu trnh ch tc vt liu qu nhn to bng
phng php Verneuil. n: birn.
birn hnh qu l. n: boule. Thut ng c gc c, birn c ngha l hnh qu l. c dng 611
trong lnh vc qu.
boundary current dng bin ng bin. Dng i dng su, c bit dc theo phn pha ty ca i dng c trng 612
bi s thay i t ngt ca nhit v mui.
boundary fault t gy ra, t gy bin. L thut ng m t dng trong a cht khai thc than ch mt t gy theo 613
n c s dch chuyn, ct ct va than v do vy gii hn din tch phn b
than. n: marginal fault.
boundary lake h bin gii, h ng bin. H nm trn ng bin gii hoc b ct qua bi ng bin gii chnh tr 614
gia hai quc gia.
boundary curve ng bin gii, ng bin. n: boundary line. 615
boundary line ng bin gii, ng bin. 1-(h) Trong h hai cu t l ng tip gip din phn b ca hai pha. 616
Trong h ba cu t l ng theo hai mt cht lng c tch ra. Trong h
ba cu t ngng t, ng bin th hin s cn bng, c trng vi hai pha rn
v mt pha lng. n: boundary curve; phase boundary.
2- (bn ) L ng ranh gii hai vng; ng tip gip gia hai thc th a
l hoc chnh tr.
boundary map bn bin gii. L bn th hin ng bin v lnh th tip gip. 617
bowlder tng ln. X: boulder. 618
bowlingite bowlingit. X: saponite. 619
box hp, rng. 1-Kt hch limonit rng bn trong. 620
2- hp (box-stone).
box fold np un hnh hp. Np un c hnh chiu (trn lt ct) 3 mt gn nh vung gc. 621
box-in-box structure cu to hp trong hp. c im trm tch, chiu di 60cm n 2m gm c nhng lp ct kt quartzit 622
ng tm nhn t mt trn ca lp hnh nh c xp vo trong cc hp. N
c tm thy mt a im Dhandraul Quartzite, n .
box-stone hnh hp. Thut ng Anh ch kt hch cha st (tm thy trong ct kt J v 623
Tam) thng c hnh dng nh nhng ci hp rng bn trong v i khi c
cha ct mn mu trng. n: box.
boxwork mng hnh hp (mng mch Trong cc m qung, limonit v cc oxid Fe khc tch ng trong hang hc 624

40
 hnh hp). hoc theo b mt khe nt giao ct nhau t cc sulfua b ha tan bi qu trnh
oxy ha v thm ng ca qung sulfua, c bit trong cc m ng porphyr.
BPL Phosphat xng ca vi. Vit tt ca bone phosphat of lime. 625
brach tm tay; Tay cun 1-Tm dng tay. X: brachial plate. 626
(Brachiopoda). 2- Tay cun (Brachiopoda). X: brachiopod.
brachia tay, mu tay. 1-S nhiu ca brachium. 627
2-Thnh thong c s dng ng ngha vi lophophore (Bo t c mu).
blachial plate tm tay. Tm c dng tay ca Hu bin (Crinoidea). n: brachial; brach. 628
brachy- - ngn. Tip u ng c ngha l ngn. 629
brachyanticline np li ngn. Np li ngn, rng. 630
brachy-axis trc ngn. Trc nm ngang ngn hn ca tinh th h thoi hoc ba nghing. N thng l 631
trc a (kv). Cn c vit brachyaxis.
brachydome mt vt ngn. Hnh lng tr cp u tin trong h thoi; n hnh thoi c 4 mt song song vi 632
trc ngn. K hiu [OkL].
brachygeosyncline a mng ngn. St ln su, hnh bu dc hnh thnh trong giai on mun ca bin dng a 633
mng; l mt kiu ca a mng th sinh (Peyve v Sinitzyn, 1950).
brachysyncline np lm ngn. Np lm ngn, rng. 634
1892 branch nhnh (sng, mch), cnh, c 635
cnh (cy) v.v.
branch fault t gy nhnh. n: auxiliary fault. 636
branching fault t gy phn nhnh. Mt t gy phn ra hai hoc nhiu nhnh. 637
branching s phn nhnh, phn cnh. 638
brandbergite brandbergit. Granit su va, kin trc aplit cha feldspar kali (song tinh Carlsbad pht 639
trng), cc ht thch anh, arfvedsonit v cc biotit trong nn ht nh.
Chudoba t tn nm 1930 theo tn vng Brandberg, ty nam Chu Phi.
Khng nn dng.
brassil brasil. X: brazil. 640
brassite brasit. Khong vt h thoi : MgHAsO4 . 4H2O. 641
brass ore qung bras. 1-X: aurichalcite. 642
2-Hn hp ca sphalerit v chalcopyrit.

41
 brazil brazil. T a phng Anh ch pyrit, c bit l loi i km trong than. Cn c 643
dng ch cc va than cha nhiu pyrit. tt : brazilly. Cn c vit: brazzil;
brazzle; brassil.
1906 Brazilian ruby ruby Brazil. Khong vt pht ging ruby c Brazil, c bit loi spinel mu -hng c 644
nht; topaz mu nht, hng, m (t nhin hoc x l nhit); hoc
tourmalin pht .
1907 Brazilian sapphire saphir Brazil. Tourmalin mu xanh trong sut c Brazil dng lm qu. c 645
brazilite brazilit. Hn hp badeleyit, zircon v zircon b bin i. Thut ng cn c dng 646
ch phin du, loi badeleyit dng si v ng ngha ca badeleyit.
brea asphalt do. Thut ng t khi dng, ch loi asphalt do hnh thnh do bc hi cc thnh 647
phn bay hi ca du vt l. Trinidad cn c dng ch maltha.
Thut ng gc Ty Ba Nha, ngha l hc n.
1915 breaker my nghin; sng v b; tu c 648
ph bng loi nh.
breaking nghin nh, v, v vn. 649
breakdown t on, ph hy. 650
breccia dm kt. 1- mnh v ht ln gm nhng mnh v gc cnh gn kt bi xi mng 651
khong vt hoc bi tp hp ht nh. N phn bit vi cui kt c mnh v
sc cnh, cha b mi mn. Dm kt c th c ngun gc tch t sn (dm
kt trm tch); hot ng magma, c bit l hin tng bng n (dm kt
magma, dm kt phun tro); xo ng trong khi lng ng (dm kt mnh
vn ti lng ng), sp (dm kt ha tan, dm kt sp ); hot ng
kin to (dm kt t gy). Thut ng gc Italia c ngha v, vn.
n: rubblerock.
2- mt trng theo ngha thng thng vi cc mnh to ra do va chm thin
thch. Nng lng va chm to nn nhng mnh vn khng c kt, mu dm
n l ghi nhn li s kin v vn v ngui lnh xy ra.
1908 Brazilian strength test th nghim cht ti Brazil Cng ging nh th nghim cht ti im, th nghim cht ti Brazin thuc c 652
(cctr). nhm cc th nghim xc nh sc bn ko ca vt liu mt cch gin tip,
trong lc nn p gia cc mi thp to nn mt trng thi kt hp gia nn
p v cng gin phn gia ca mu th. Mt khe nt xut hin phn ny
s pht trin theo hng song song vi trc cht ti. Mu th thng l cc
on li khoan dt hnh a, c cht ti dc theo ng knh ca n. ng

42
 knh mu (D) t nht phi t 50mm, chiu dy mu (t) bng khong mt na
ng knh. Dng bng dnh dn quanh chu vi mu to b mt tip xc
nhn hn. Tc gia ti thng c ngh t khong 0,2kN/s, sao cho
ph hy xy ra trong vng 15-30s. Ti trng gy ph hy (P) thng c o
t ng. Sc bn ko ca c tnh theo cng thc sau: t = 2 P .
Dt
1909 Brazilian test th nghim Brazil. Th nghim xc nh sc bn ko ca vt liu rn (, b tng,) bng cch c 653
nn ln cnh ca mu hnh tr. Vt nt ca mu hnh tr ny s theo phng
thng ng, th nghim ny cn c tn gi l th nghim kiu Brazil v th
nghim nn theo ng knh.
breccia-conglomerate dm-cui kt. trm tch bao gm c nhng phn t gc cnh v b mi mn; trm tch 654
khng c trng r rt cho dm kt hoc cui kt. n : breccio-conglomerate.
breccia dike daik dm kt. aik trm tch thnh phn dm kt n nhp vo trong vy quanh. 655
breccial dm kt (tt). Thuc v dm kt. 656
breccia marble hoa dm kt. hoa gm nhng mnh gc cnh. Thut ng c s dng trong a cht 657
hc trc khi s dng t dm kt mt cch ring l, c lp.
1918 breccia pipe ng dm kt; ng n, hng ni Mt ng dn thng ng di ni la qua magma t trong lng t i ln c 658
la. mt t. N thng c lp y bi dm kt, gm cc mnh ni la v
cc mnh c. y l mt vng c tnh thm cao thun li cho qu trnh
khong ha.
breccia-sandstone dm-ct kt. Ct kt c cha cc mnh dm nh. 659
brecciated b ho dm kt, ging dm kt. 1-B ho dm kt, c trng cho hoc ging dm kt. Cu to c trng bi 660
mt tp hp cc mnh v gc cnh hoc cu to qung gm cc mnh khong
vt khng b mi mn.
2-Thut ng c dng khng ng ch thin thch kiu trung gian (gia
st v -st) trong khi chnh l st vi cu to khi tm mt hoc su
mt nhng cha nhng bao th silicat ln c dng sc cnh hoc b mi mn.
ng thi cng cp ti cu to nh vy trong thin thch, thin thch .
brecciation thnh to dm kt. Thnh to dm kt do cc b dp v thnh cc mnh vn gc cnh v gn 661
kt li.
breccia vein mch dm kt. Khe nt cha nhiu mnh v vch vi s tch t khong vt theo cc khe 662
nt nh trong .
brecciform dng dm kt. C dng, hnh th nh dm kt. 663

43
breccio-conglomerate dm-cui kt. X : breccia-conglomerate. 664
breccioid ging dm kt. C b ngoi nh dm kt. 665
bredbergite bredbergit. Loi granat andradit cha Mg. 666
bredigite bredigit. Khong vt : Ca14Mg2(SiO4)8. N l pha h thoi gi bn ca orthosilicat Ca c 667
(nhng khng ng hnh vi olivin) n nh t khong 800-14470C khi nung
nng v t 14470-6700C khi lm lnh.
Bretonian orogeny to ni Breton. Mt trong hn 30 pha to ni trong P hanerozoi do Stille xc lp. N c 668
xem l mt pha ko di t Devon mun n cui Devon; l phn sm nht
ca i to ni Varis ko di n cui Paleozoi.
bright-banded coal than nh phn di. Than phn di thnh phn ch yu l vitrain, clarain v mt t fusain. 669
bright coal than nh. Mt kiu ca than phn di phn bit di knh hin vi gm hn 5% 670
anthraxylon (thnh phn g trong than) v t hn 20% vt cht m c; than
phn di trong vt cht trong m l ch yu. Than phan di tng ng vi
kiu vi thch hc vitrit v clarit, mt phn vi duroclarit v vitrinerit (ICCP
1963).
brindleyite brindleyit. Berthirin cha Ni, vi Ni chim mt ch trong khi tm mt Fe+2. 671
brine cell bao th nc mui. Bao th nh thng c dng ng ko di, ng knh khong 0,05mm thng 672
cha dung dch cn mui ln hn so vi nc bin, hnh thnh trong bng
bin. n: brine pocket.
brine pit ngun l nc mui. Sui nh hoc ngun xut l nc mui trn ni, t c th khai thc nc, 673
lm bc hi ly mui.
brine pocket bao th nc mui. X: brine cell. 674
brine spring ngun nc mui. n: salt spring. 675
briolette briolet. qu c to hnh qu l hay git nc. 676
brittle dn, d v (tt). Loi dn, d v, ch c t hn 3-5% b bin dng hoc trng thi ht. 677
brittle mica mica dn. 1-Nhm khong vt ging nh mica ch thc v c im tinh th, nhng c 678
nhiu phin ct khai t n hi v cha calci (thay th K) nh mt thnh phn
thit yu. n : clintonite.
2-Mt khong vt ca nhm mica dn nh clintonit, margarit v ephesit.
3-Khong vt ging mica, thnh nhng phin mng, c bit l chloritoid.

44
 brittle silver ore qung bc dn. X: stephanite. 679
Bronze Age thi i ng-(thic). Trong kho c hc l mt thi i vn ho c trng bi k thut ch to 680
v s dng ng thic, nm gia thi i v st. Mc thi gian
chnh xc ca n c s thay i tu theo tng vng (do vy n c i snh
vi thi a tng trong a cht hc).
bronzitfels bronzitfels. X: bronzitite. 681
bronzitite bronzitit. Pyroxenit cha hu nh ton b l bronzit. n: bronzitfels. 682
brotocrystal tinh th b gm mn. Mnh v tinh th ca c kt trc ch b ng ho tng phn trong 684
magma mun hn. Thut ng t dng.
brown clay st nu. X: red clay. 685
brown coal than nu. Than mu nu n en pht nu, trung gian gia than bn v lignit A, trong 686
thng nhn thy cu trc nguyn thu ca thc vt. Thut ng c dng
rng ri Chu u, c, Vng quc Anh. ng ngha tng phn : lignite B.
ng ngha c : fulvurite.
Brown earth t nu. X: Brown Forest soil. 687
Brown Forest soil t rng nu. Nhm t ln trong h thng phn loi nm 1938, mt nhm t vi ho, ni 688
i pht trin vng kh hu n ho di rng cy rng l theo ma c tng
t rng nhng khng c tng st hoc sesquioxid (hp cht kim loi v oxy
theo t l 2:3 v d Al2O3) (USDA Cc Nng nghip Hoa K). Hu ht t
rng nu theo phn loi hin nay l Ochrepts. n: Brown earth.
1961 brown hematite hematit nu. Trong vn liu dng ng ngha vi limonit, l iu sai lm bi v c 689
hematit ch thc khng cha nc (khng ging limonit).
brown iron ore qung st nu, limonit. X: limonite. 690
brown lignite lignit nu. n: lignite B. 691
brown ocher son nu. Loi limonit c s dng lm mu. 692
brown ore qung nu. Qung c mu nu, c bit l nhm limonit. 693
brown rock nu. Thut ng c dng Tennessee ch loi phosphorit mu nu ti n en 694
l sn phm phong ho ca vi cha phosphat.
Brown soil t nu. Mt nhm t ln trong h thng phn loi nm 1938, l nhm t phn i 695
c b mt mu nu v lp di sng mu ph ln trn tp hp carbonat Ca.
N pht trin trong vng kh hu n ho n bn kh lnh (USDA Cc

45
 Nng nghip Hoa K). a s loi t ny hin c phn loi l Ustolls v
Xerolls.
brownstone ct kt nu. Loi ct kt mu nu hoc nu pht m cc ht ca n ni chung b ph 696
oxid Fe, c bit l loi ct kt thch anh cha Fe mu nu pht sm c
s dng lm xy dng.
1968 brggerite brugerit. c 697
Buchan-type facies series lot tng kiu Buchan. Cc thnh to trong mt kiu bin cht nhit ng khu vc kh ging vi 698
cc ca lot tng Abukuma nhng trong mi trng cao hn cht t, 3000
4000 bar (Hietanen, 1967).
buchite buchit. Sng ho thu tinh sn phm do nng chy st do bin cht nhit a 699
phng rt mnh.
1979 buchonite buchonit. phun tro ti mu cha hornblend v biotit c thm plagioclas, nephelin C 700
v augit; tephrit cha feldspar kim. Sandberger t nm 1872 theo tn vng
Buchonia, c. Khng nn dng.
bucklandite bucklandit. 1-Loi epidot mu en cha st v c nhng tinh th i xng. 701
2-Alanit. X: allanite.
buck quartz thch anh t gi tr. X: bull quartz. 702
1974 Bruxellia Bruxeli. c 703
1987 buetschliite buetschliit. Khong vt: K2Ca(CO3)2, ng hnh vi fairchildit. c 704
budding i qung. 705
buhrstone mi. 706
building stone xy dng. Thut ng tng qut ch loi s dng ph hp trong xy dng. C th l 707
magma, bin cht hoc trm tch; xy dng c chn da vo c
im ca n nh bn, tnh hp dn v tnh kinh t.
1990 built terrance thm sng v. 1-Thm do sng to nn. 2-Thm bi tch (thm xy dng). c 708
1993 bulachite bulachit. Khong vt: Al2(AsO4)(OH)3. c 709
1995 Bulitian Bulit. Bc Bc M, Paleocen (nm trn Ynezi, nm di Penut). c 710
bullet crystal tinh th hnh tr u nhn. Tinh th tuyt dng lng tr su gc, ngn vi mt u nhn c trng cho s 711
thnh to nhit rt lnh.
bull mica mica. ln muscovit vi nhng tinh th mc xen vi nhau v nh hng khc 712
nhau, c mt t albit v thch anh.

46
 bull quartz thch anh dng khi. Thut ng c th m hoc ngi thm d dng ch thch anh dng khi 713
nh l khong vt ph t c gi tr. n: bastard quartz; buck quartz.
2013 burbankite burbankit. Khong vt h su phng, vng nht : (Na, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ce)6 (CO3)5. c 714
burial n, chn vi. Cc yu t a cht b che ph bi qu trnh trm tch. 715
burial metamorphism bin cht n. Kiu bin cht khu vc bc thp, biu hin trm tch v phun tro xen 716
lp trong mt a mng khng b tc ng ca qu trnh to ni v xm nhp
magma. Kin trc nguyn thu c bo v nhng thnh phn khong vt
ni chung c s thay i (Coombs, 1961).
buried n, b chn vi. 717
buried ice bng n. Khi bng nhn bit c mt cch tng i ang nm di t, c bit 718
bng trn mt bin, h, sng hoc ngun sng bng b che ph ng sinh bi
trm tch nh vng bng vnh cu.
buried karst karst n, karst c. X: paleokarst. 719
buried soil t n, t c. X: paleosol. 720
Burozem t nu tho nguyn. Thut ng Nga ch t nu tho nguyn. 721
burl trng c, kt hch trong st Trng c hoc kt hch trong st chu la. N c hm lng alumina (Al2O3) 722
chu la. hoc oxid st cao.
burley clay st cha kt hch. St cha kt hch c bit l st cha diaspor Missouri, thng trung bnh 723
c 45-60% alumina.
burnt stone qu x l nhit. qu m mu ca n c lm thay i bng x l nhit, th d amethyst 724
thay i t ta n sng mu, hoc mt h (tiger-eye) thay i t nu pht
vng n nu pht .
burr silic. 1-Thut ng c dng Anh ch cng x x nh loi ct kt cha silic 725
c st c bit cng kh khoan.
2-Cc, bu, kt hch hoc mt khi cng cha silic nm trong mt loi
mm hn; thu knh qung trong mt mch mm hn.
3- mi (buhrstone).
4- cng, silic (whetstone - n: bur).
burmit burmit. Loi retinit (nha ho ) mu nu ti, vng nht hoc pht tm thy 726
Burma, ging h phch nhng cng hn, bn hn. N c xem l loi h
phch cha t acid susinic.

47
burr rock dng . Tp hp cc tp muscovit v thch anh (Skow, 1962), 727
burrstone mi. n: buhrstone. 728
burstone mi. n: buhrstone. 729
bustite bustit. X: aubrite. 730
butane butan. Hydrocarbon parafin dng kh d bc chy cng thc C4H10, c mt mt trong 731
hai dng ng phn : n-butan CH3CH2CH2CH3 hoc isobutan CH3CH(CH3)2.
Butan c mt trong du m v kh thin nhin.
buttgenbachite butgenbachit. Khong vt xanh da tri : Cu19CL4(NO3)2(OH)32.2H2O. N ng hnh vi 732
conelit.
byerite byerit. Than bitum ging albertit. 733
bystrmite bystromit. 1-Khong vt h bn phng mu xm xanh nht : MgSb2O6. 734
2-a hnh n nghing ca pyrhotit, cn c vit : bystromite.
bytownite bytownit. Khong vt pht xanh ti xm ti ca nhm feldspar plagioclas vi thnh 735
phn dao ng t Ab30 An70 n Ab30 An90. N c mt trong magma bas v
siu bas.
bytownitfels bytownitfels. X: bytownitite. 736
bytownitite bytownitit. magma thnh phn hu nh ch c bytownit. n: bytownitfels. Khng nn 737
dng.
by-water kim cng sc vng. 738
c cara. X: carat. 739
cactolith cactolith. Thn magma xm nhp hnh dng k d nh cy xng rng. 740
cafemic cafemic. magma hoc magma cha Ca, Fe v Mg. T c cu to : Ca (calcium) + 741
fe (ferric hoc ferrous) + m (magnesium) + ic (ui tnh t).
cafetite cafetit. Khong vt h thoi : Ca (Fe, Al)2 Ti4 O12. 742
cahemolith than mn cy. X: humic coal. 743
cahnite cahnit. Khong vt h bn phng, dng to tia hnh cu : Ca2B (AsO4) (OH)4. 744
cairngorm thch anh m khi. Loi thch anh m khi tm thy Cairngorm, Scotland. n: cairngorm 745
stone; Scotch topaz.
caking coal than dnh kt, than kt cc. Loi than tr nn mm v kt t khi nung nng v lm lnh to nn than cok 746
xp, rn mu xm. Khng phi tt c than dnh kt u l than luyn cok tt.

48
 n: binding coal.
cal wolframit. Thut ng s dng Cornwall, Anh ch tungstat st (wolframit). 747
calaite calait, ngc lam. X: turquoise. 748
2075 calamine calamin. 1-Thut ng dng Hoa K cho hemimorphit. Thut ng ny khng c s c 749
tn thnh ca Hi ng Khong vt mi v Tn khong vt thuc Hi
Khong vt hc quc