Explain the relationship between biographical characteristics and outcomes of OB model.

Organizational behavior
Organizational behavior (OB) is the study of the way people interact within groups. Normally
this study is applied in an attempt to create more efficient business organizations. The central
idea of the study of organizational behavior is that a scientific approach can be applied to the
management of workers.

Biographical Characteristics:
Age:
-company believes that older workers have a strong work ethic, many skills, and job knowledge
that they can share with younger co-workers. Older workers are less likely to resign. The
relationship between age and job performance is likely to be an issue of increasing importance
during the next decade. Why? It is widespread that the job performance declines with the
increase in age.

Performance
Belief that it declines with age
WORKFORCE IS AGING
Older workers represent a huge potential pool of high-quality applicants.
Absenteeism (avoidable vs. unavoidable)
age and job satisfaction
PRODUCTITY
TURNOVERS

Gender:
"WOMEN are more agreeable and willing to conform to authority, whereas MEN are more
aggressive and more likely to have expectations of success. There are, for instance, no consistent
male-female differences in problem ability, analytical skills, competitive drive, motivation,
sociability, or learning ability.

Misconceptions
satisfaction and performance/productivity
Motherhood
absenteeism and turnover

1|Page
 Explain the relationship between biographical characteristics and outcomes of OB model.

Years of experience / Tenure:

The length of time in a persons current employment.

Tenure is the act or length of time that something is held or the achieved status of having ones
employment position become permanent.

Negatively related to turnover, positively related to satisfaction.

Outcomes of OB Model:
Attitudes and Stress:

Attitude refers to our opinions, beliefs, and feelings about aspects of our environment. We have attitudes
toward the food we eat, people we interact with, courses we take, and various other things. At work, two
particular job attitudes have the greatest potential to influence how we behave.

Stress is defined by psychologists as the bodys reaction to a change that requires a physical, mental, or
emotional adjustment or response. Stress is an inevitable feature of life. It is the force that gets us out of
bed in the morning, motivates us at the gym, and inspires us to work.

Job satisfaction:

Job satisfaction refers to the feelings people have toward their job. If the number of studies conducted on
job satisfaction is an indicator, job satisfaction is probably the most important job attitude.

Performance:

Performance is the accomplishment of a given task measured against preset known standards of
accuracy, completeness, cost, and speed. In a contract, performance is deemed to be the fulfillment of an
obligation, in a manner that releases the performer from all liabilities under the contract.

Withdrawal tendency:

Withdrawal tendency is the set of actions that employees take to separate themselves from the
organization. There are many forms of withdrawal, ranging from showing up late or failing to attend
meetings to absenteeism and turnover.

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB):

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), defined as behavior that (a) goes beyond the basic
requirements of the job, (b) is to a large extent discretionary, and (c) is of benefit to the organization.
OCBs are employee behaviors that, although not critical to the task or job, serve to facilitate
organizational functioning.

2|Page
 Explain the relationship between biographical characteristics and outcomes of OB model.

Relationship between Biographical characteristics and

outcomes of OB model:
Effects of age:
Attitudes and Stress:

The relationship between age and attitudes & stress because as the employees age increases the
older employees of the organization has more attitudes because of their long time experience
than the younger employees and also as the age increases different types of stress like losing the
job, work pressure and also different types of crisis.

Job satisfaction:

The relationship between age and job satisfaction. On this issue, the evidence is mixed. At least
up to age 60, job satisfaction indicates a positive association.

Performance:

The relationship between age and performance is likely to be an issue of increasing importance
during the next decade for at least three reasons. First, there is a widespread belief that job
performance declines with increasing age. Second, is that the workforce is aging. The third
reason is U.S. legislation that, for all intents and purposes, outlaws mandatory retirement.

Withdrawal tendency:

In relationship of withdrawal tendency with age is that;

Turnover: In addition, older workers are less likely to resign than are younger workers because
their long tenure tends to provide paid vacations and more attractive pension benefits.

Absenteeism: Its tempting to assume that age is also inversely related to absenteeism. After all,
if older workers are less likely to quit wont they also demonstrate higher stability by coming to
work more regularly. In general, older employees have lower rates of avoidable absence than
younger employees do.

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB):

Effects of GENDER:
Attitudes and Stress:
Job satisfaction:
Performance:

3|Page
 Explain the relationship between biographical characteristics and outcomes of OB model.

There are few, if any, important differences between men and women that will affect their job
performance is problem solving ability, analytical skills, competitive drive, motivation,
sociability or learning ability. But there are no significant differences in job productivity between
men and women.

Withdrawal tendency:

Absenteeism: The research on absence, however consistently indicates that women have higher
rates of absenteeism than men do.

Turnover: Research indicates that women quit rates are similar to those of men.

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB):

Effects of Years of experience / Tenure:

Attitudes and Stress:
Job satisfaction:

Tenure and satisfaction are positively related.

Performance:

Extensive reviews of the seniority job productivity relationship demonstrate a positive

relationship between seniority and job productivity.

Withdrawal tendency:

Absence: Studies consistently demonstrate seniority to be negatively related to absenteeism.

Turnover: Studies demonstrate seniority to be negatively related to turnover.

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB):

4|Page