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CHAPTER

1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 HISTORY OF THE COMPANY


L&T is India's largest engineering and construction company. Considered to be the "bellwether
of India's engineering & construction sector", L&T was recognized as the company of the year
in Economic Times 2010 awards.
Delhi Metro is a metro system serving Delhi metropolitan area and its satellite cities of
Gurgaon, Noida, Faridabad and Ghaziabad in the National Capital Region of India. Delhi
Metro has been ranked second among 18 international Metro systems in terms of overall
customer satisfaction in an online customer survey.
SUCG Infrastructure India Pvt. Ltd. is an international company which integrates overseas
construction, design and management, investment, and sales of construction equipment.

1.2 ABOUT THE COMPANY


Details about the company are given below in sub-points.

1.2.1 DMRC

The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd., abbreviated to DMRC, is a state-central owned

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company that operates the Delhi Metro. The DMRC is also involved in the planning and
implementation of metro rail, monorail, and high-speed rail projects in India and abroad.

The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. was created on 3 May 1995 with E. Sreedharan serving
as the first managing director. Sreedharan handed over charge as MD of DMRC to Mangu
Singh on 31 December 2011.

DMRC has made it compulsory to wear safety helmets on construction sites. It also earns
carbon credits with rainwater harvesting at metro stations and runs an HIV/AIDS programme
for workers.

The DMRC has a business development department which is in charge of the consultancy
services.DMRC has served as the project consultant and has prepared detailed project reports
(DPR) for every metro and monorail project in India, except the Kolkata Metro and Chennai
MRTS, which were constructed before the formation of the DMRC.

1.2.2 LARSEN AND TOUBRO

Headquartered in Mumbai, Larsen & Toubro Limited is one of the largest and most respected
companies in India's private sector. With over 75 years of a strong, customer focused approach
and a continuous quest for world-class quality, L&T has unmatched capabilities across
Technology, Engineering, Construction and Manufacturing, and maintains a leadership in all
its major lines of business.

Larsen & Toubro is a major technology, engineering, construction, manufacturing and


financial services conglomerate, with global operations. L&T addresses critical needs in key
sectors - Hydrocarbon, Infrastructure, Power, Process Industries and Defense - for customers

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in over 30 countries around the world.

L&T is engaged in core, high impact sectors of the economy and our integrated capabilities
span the entire spectrum of design to deliver. With over 7 decades of a strong, customer
focused approach and a continuous quest for world-class quality, we have unmatched expertise
across Technology, Engineering, Construction, Infrastructure Projects and Manufacturing, and
maintain a leadership in all our major lines of business.

Every aspect of L&T's businesses is characterised by professionalism and high standards of


corporate governance. Sustainability is embedded into our long-term strategy for growth.

The Companys manufacturing footprint extends across eight countries in addition to India.
L&T has several international offices and a supply chain that extends around the globe.

The company has business interests in engineering, construction, manufacturing goods,


information technology and financial services.The company was founded in Mumbai in 1938
by two DANISH engineers, HENNINGHOLCK-LARSEN and SOREN KRISTIAN
TOURBO. The company began as a representative of DANISH manufacturers of dairy
equipment.
For the first quarter of FY 2012-13, L & T Construction has bagged orders worth Rs 2410
CRORES. L&T has expanded its focus to the Middle East, South East ASIA, RUSSIA, CIS,
MAURATIUS, AFRICAN and SAARC countries. It also has keen interest in the markets of
INDIAN OCEAN rim countries, AFRICA and LATIN AMERICA.
L&T is among the top 100 Most Trusted brands of India as published in The Brand Trust
Report.
L&T Won Best Innovation in Logistics-Transportation award on 20 May 2011 from INDIA
International Logistics Forum
L&T Won the Financial Express-EVI Green Business Leadership Award for 2010-11. The
award was received from Dr. A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM.
In STOCK MARKET L&T is a very trustable company for investing. Current price of a share
is around Rs 1750 which higher than almost all the other construction companies in INDIA.4
L&T housing finance provides unmatched quality service and transparency right through the

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loan procedures.
Companys motto is ITS ALL ABOUT IMAGINEERING. IMAGINEERING is a word
derived by two words IMAGINE and ENGINEERING. Thus imagining good stuff and make it
real by means of engineering.

1.2.3 SUCG:

SHANGHAI URBAN CONSTRUCTION GROUP Corporation, established in October 1996


with the approval of Shanghai Municipal Party Committee and the Government, is a
comprehensive enterprise particularly supported by the Ministry of Construction and
SHANGHAI Municipal Government.
It is authorized by SHANGHAI State-owned Asset Management Committee to manage the
state-owned assets within the Group. SUCG has the specialclass qualification for municipal
public works, the first-class general contracting qualifications for highway construction, housing,
etc.
In INDIA: With rich experience in design and construction of metro, SUCG has undertaken three
local metro and rail transit projects in the form of EPC, the involved engineering projects include
DELHI.
Elevated Metro Line phase II project BC-7, BC-34, BC-26 project, New Delhi Airport Metro
Express Line C5 project, Chennai Metro phase I UAA-04 project, and Delhi Metro phase III CC-
05 project, Delhi Metro phase III CC-27 project.

1.3 ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT:


The report comprises of chapters. The lists of figures, table, symbols and abbreviations are given
after the list of contents. The notations have been defined at the place where they first appear.

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The content of each chapter in the report is summarized below.
Chapter 1. Introduction- In this chapter, history of company is given.
Chapter 2. The second chapter consists of summary of training work.
Chapter 3. This chapter consists of details of vasant vihar metro station.
Chapter 4. This chapter consists of generals for safety and working.
Chapter 5. This chapter consists of tunneling.
Chapter 6. This chapter consists of construction of boundary wall.
Chapter 7. This chapter consists of estimation of tiles and kerb stones used.
Chapter 8. This chapter consists of cladding of wall.
Chapter 9. This chapter consists of retaining wall.
Chapter 10. This chapter consists of estimation of quantity of drainage pipe.
Chapter 11. Conclusions have been discussed in this chapter to justify the work.
Chapter 12. The references have been shown which has helped in the preparation of this
Industrial Training report.

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CHAPTER

2
SUMMARY OF TRAINING WORK

TRAINING WORK DONE AT THE SITE (VASANT VIHAR METRO STATION) :-

1. Estimation of area for plastering of boundary wall.


2. Estimation of Kerb stone used.
3. Estimation of area and no. of tiles used on the site.
4. Estimation of drainage pipe used.
5. Supervision of Placing of tiles at back side of es01 lift.
6. Supervision of Placing of kerb stone on the road side infront of es01.
7. Supervision of Placing of granite cladding (slate stone) on the wall of es01 and es01 lift.
8. Supervision of Construction of road boundary wall joining es01 to es04.
9. Supervision of construction(reinforcement,shuttering,concereting) of RETAINING wall of
es04.
10. Supervision of marking of the point for installation of emergency footwalk in TUNNEL with
autolevel by surveyor.
11. Supervision of marking of line for construction of road joining es01 to es04 by surveyor.
12. Supervision of marking of line for construction of footpath of es04 site by surveyor.
13. Supervision of plastering of boundary wall of backside of es01.

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CHAPTER

3
DEATILS OF VASANT VIHAR METRO STATION

The Vasant Vihar ( ) Metro Station is located on the Magenta Line of the Delhi
Metro.As part of Phase III of Delhi Metro, Vasant Vihar is the under construction metro station
of the Magenta Line.
Vasant Vihar is the only metro station of the project CC-27 which is constructed using Bottom-
Up construction methodology. The ground profile of this station is medium hard rocks. As a
result of this, bottom-up method is preferred for this particular station. The TBM used for
tunnelling is also Rock TBM (HERRENKNECHT). There are total 26 grids on this station.
There are 2 back off houses from grid 1 to 7 and grid 20 to 26.

Figure no - 1

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CHAPTER

4
GENERNAL FOR SAFETY AND WORKING

4.1 Safety measures:


Before you operate a machine, ensure that the dangerous part of the machine has been installed
with a guard.
Avoid going to any area with insufficient lighting as there may be some dangerous places
which have not been provided with fencing.
Keep vigilant all the time and watch out for moving cranes, hooks or other lifting equipment.
Before you use any electrical installation or tool, check the condition of its electric cables.
Avoid dragging electric cables on the ground or allowing the cables to come into contact with
water.
Use electrical tools installed with an earth leakage circuit breaker.
Use and handle chemicals with care.

4.1.1 Personal Safety:


Wear protective equipment.
Do not drink or take drugs while working.
Pay attention to personal hygiene.
Do not play in the workplace.
Report to your supervisor immediately if you notice any unsafe condition. You should have a
good understanding of your working environment and the instructions given by your supervisor.
When evacuation is required in an emergency, you should keep calm and find out:
What dangerous situation the alarm refers to.
The routes for evacuation.
The safe place that you should go to as designated by the company.

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When someone is found seriously injured, you should:
Keep calm.
Seek help immediately.
Accompany the injured person.
Assist in the immediate rescue work as far as possible.
Call the site safety staff.
Do not try to move the injured person unless it is really necessary to do so.
Do not tamper with the accident scene while waiting for the arrival of the investigation team.
When a fire breaks out, you should remember:
Put out the fire with a fire extinguisher if it is a small fire.
If the blaze is out of control, do not try to extinguish the fire on your own. Call the Fire
Services Department right away.

Figure no 2

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Figure no 3

4.1.2 Emergency telephone numbers:


Always pay attention to the emergency telephone numbers posted on the notice board in the
site office.

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CHAPTER

5
TUNNELING

5.1 Tunneling Technology Used :


DMRC using NATM technology to construct tunnel between kalkaji mandir and okhla
Phase III to pass below elevated viaduct of mandi house -Badarpur corridor
The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) is using the New Austrian Tunneling Method
(NATM) to carry out tunneling work between Kalkaji Mandir and Okhla Phase III on the under
construction Janakpuri West Botanical Garden corridor to pass below the presently operational
Nehru Place Kalkaji elevated section of the Mandi House Badarpur Metro corridor (violet
line).

The tunnel between Kalkaji Mandir and Okhla Phase III passes below piers 135 and 136 of the
violet line and the distance between the two piers is 28 mtrs. It would have been impossible to
construct twin tunnels within such a short space. Therefore, a decision was taken to construct a
single tube twin tunnel through which both the tracks will pass using the NATM technology.

Moreover, tunneling was required for only a short stretch of 176 mtrs. Therefore, it would have
been inconvenient and time consuming to insert a Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) and construct
separate shafts for insertion and retrieval of the TBM etc.

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Figure no - 4

5.2 Details of the NATM Stretch:


The NATM Tunnel will be 176 mtrs long and is placed between the Kalkaji Mandir and the
Okhla Phase III Metro stations.
The Average Depth of the Tunnel will be 20.5 mtrs from the ground level.
The finished dia of the tunnel will be 10.7 mtrs.
It will be a single tube twin tunnel though which both the tracks will pass.
The crown level of the tunnel excavation is approximately 9.4 mtrs below the base of the piers.
For passing below the piers, specially designed custom made bolts are being installed which
holds the soil.

Round the clock monitoring of the displacement of soil strata is being done with the help of
inclinometers, extensometer, bi-reflex targets, surface settlement points, gas monitors etc.
Permission has already been obtained from the Commissioner of Metro Rail Safety (CMRS) for
passing below the Metro viaduct.

The construction work of the tunnel started in September, 2013 and is expected to be completed
by June next year.

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Presently, out of the 176 mtrs, part construction of 158 mtrs has been completed.

5.3 What is NATM?


The full form of NATM is - New Austrian Tunnelling Method. This is the conventional mode of
tunnel excavation and is also known as sequential excavation method. It was first used by Mr.
Rabcewicz in 1962 in Austria.

In DMRC, it has been earlier used at Chawri Bazar (Phase 1), Buddha Jayanti Park and Saket
(Phase 2). In the present era, NATM is generally used in areas where tunnelling through Tunnel
Boring Machines is not possible.

NATM technology involves tunneling through mechanical excavation or controlled blasting. In


this method, initially the earth is excavated and a primary lining of shotcrete, steel/ lattice
girders, wire mesh and rock bolts are applied for stabilization of soil as per geological strata. M-
25 spray concrete is being used in the process.

Later, a final concrete lining using M-40 grade of concrete will be done which is 400 mm in
depth. Every movement of the surface during excavation is measured using sophisticated
instruments such as inclinometer, extensometer, load cell etc.

Details of the Janakpuri West Botanical Garden Metro corridor and the Kalkaji Mandir
Metro station
The Janakpuri West Botanical Garden Metro corridor is a 36.28 km long corridor slated to be
opened by March, 2016. The corridor constitutes 21.65 km of underground lines and 14.7 km of
elevated lines.

There will be 15 underground and 10 elevated stations on the corridor. The NATM Tunnel starts
right from the Kalkaji Mandir Metro station, which will have interchange facility with the
presently operational Kalkaji Mandir Metro station of the violet line.

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The Kalkaji Mandir Metro station is all set to emerge as a premier interchange hub after the
completion of phase 3 with direct connectivity to Faridabad and NOIDA. The new station will be
underground (depth about 17 mtrs) while the present station is an elevated one. A Foot Over
Bridge (FOB) about 2600 mtrs long will connect the paid area of the new station with the old.

The new station will have an upper concourse in addition to the main concourse. Presently, base
slab and excavation work have been completed and work on the concourse slab is in progress.

Underground Metro tunnels passing below operational elevated viaducts


Apart from Kalkaji Mandir, the underground corridors of the under construction Phase 3 will
pass below the already operational elevated sections of the Delhi Metro at three more corridors
on the Majlis Park Shiv Vihar section:
At Azadpur with the Jahangirpuri HUDA City Centre corridor (Line 2 - Yellow)
At Netaji Subhash Place with the Rithala Dilshad Garden corridor (Line 1 - Red)
At Lajpat Nagar with the Mandi House Badarpur corridor (Line 6 - Violet)

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CHAPTER

6
CONSTRUCTION OF BOUNDARY WALL

6.1 STEPS TO CONSTRUCT BOUNDARY WALL


6.1.1 Preparing the Wall :-
Select your bricks. There are many varieties of brick, but they all fall into three main categories:
Severe weathering (SW) bricks can withstand direct contact with the ground and moisture. Use
these for foundations, patios, garden walls, and so on.
Medium weathering (MW) bricks can withstand freezing temperatures and above ground
exterior work (not direct ground contact.
No weathering (NW) bricks are for interior work only.
Image titled Build a Brick Wall Step 12
Purchase the right amount of bricks. Bricks come in a variety of shapes and sizes, but the most
important thing to remember is that you must adjust the size bricks you buy to account for the
mortar. The most common brick, a modular brick, has "specified" dimensions 3" wide, 2"
tall, and 7" long (even if they are sold under nominal whole number measurements). They are
typically used with mortar joints " thick. Taking the mortar into account, each brick will take
up 4" x 2" x 8" of space.
You must add the mortar measurements when planning your wall. The combination
measurement of brick and mortar is called the brick's "nominal" size.
Three rows of bricks stacked on top of each other will be 8" tall.
For example, to make a wall 2 ft tall x 6 ft long, calculate (24" / 2") for height and (72" / 8")
for length, rounding up. In this case, you'll need 81 bricks, 9 rows tall x 9 bricks long.
Purchase at least five extra bricks to cut in half to begin new rows, plus an additional one brick
per row in case of damaged bricks.

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If the ground is uneven or sloped, plan to install an additional one or two rows of bricks below
the finished grade level to create a level base.
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Dig out a trench for your foundation. You need to dig out a trench to seat the wall in, which you
then make solid with a layer of concrete. This is often called a footer, or concrete foundation.
Dig out a rectangular trench the length and width of your planned wall, roughly 1 foot deep.
If your wall is more than 2 feet tall, you may need a deeper or wider trench. If the "footer" you
install (as described below) is not strong enough to support the wall, the wall can sag or collapse.
You can look up recommended dimensions online based on your soil's load bearing capacity and
the size of your project.
Make sure the footer will have good water drainage away from the wall. Water pooling around
the footer can cause wall failure.
Image titled Build a Brick Wall Step 34
Drive level wooden stakes into your trench. Take several wooden stakes and drive them into the
soil so that the tops of them are all level. Find the nominal height of your bricks (the height of
the bricks plus 1/2" for mortar), then drive the posts so that they are all this height below the top
of the trench. Use a level to ensure that the tops of the stakes are completely level.[4]
For this example, with 2-2/3" bricks, you would want 2-2/3" of space between the top of your
guide posts and the lip of the trench. This is so the first row of bricks is completely seated in
your foundation.
Space these posts 2-4 feet apart, depending on the length of your wall.
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Mix and pour concrete up to the top of the guideposts. Fill in the trench up to the top of the
stakes, leaving the space you measured for your bricks. The concrete needs 2-3 days to dry and
set, so use this time to start gathering supplies and preparing your measurements.[5]
Use a finishing trowel to make sure the top of the concrete is smooth and level before it starts
drying.
You can notch a "keyway joint" or "V" into the middle of the footer to help interlock it into the
mortar bed.
Image titled Build a Brick Wall Step 56
Make your guideposts. Also called gauging rods, these will ensure that your wall is level. Take 2
long wooden boards or posts and measure out each row of the brick wall, also known as a course.
Mark the boards where each brick should be, including the mortar lines. Make sure you can drive
the posts into the ground so that they can be freestanding. They should be as tall as your wall will
be.
For the 2x6ft wall, make a mark 2-1/4" up from the bottom -- this is the height of the first brick.
Make another mark 1/2" above that, then continue this pattern up to the top of the wall, here 2
feet high. You want two of these, one for each side of the wall.[6]
These rods will be the rulers for your wall, and need to be identically lined up. Use a level and
your tape measure to make sure the wall is immaculately planned.
Image titled Build a Brick Wall Step 67
Gather your supplies while the foundation dries. You'll need quite a bit of stuff to build your
wall, all things considered. Once the foundation is set and your guideposts are built, it's time to
get your building materials in order. You will need:[7]
String and clamps/nails (to create guidelines)
Mortar and a mixing bucket
Level
Brick jointer
Club hammer
Tape measure
Water
Dry bristle brush
Tarps or plywood to lay at base of wall

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Small torpedo level to check individual bricks
4 ft level

Figure no - 5
6.1.2 Building The First Row
1. Put down tarps or plywood to catch mortar. Lay down tarps or 2 ft wide plywood at the base
of the wall to catch excess mortar as it falls. Keep this surface clean and avoid walking on it so
you can reuse this mortar.
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2. Lay your first row of bricks in the foundation for a dry run. Space them out appropriately,
accounting for the mortar. Use your tape measure to make sure that they are the correct distance
apart, and make sure that they fit in the trench snugly. Plan out the whole first row like this
before you start any work.
If you do not have bricklaying experience, read through this entire section first. You may need to
practice a few techniques before you begin.
3. Clamp a string on your first guideline. This is going to be for the second layer of bricks, as the
first one will be buried in the trench. Run the string from one gauging rod to the other so that you

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have a straight, level line to work with.Don't let the line sag. This must be kept "true" for a solid,
level wall without major structural issues.[8]
4. Soak the bricks and let dry. Soak the bricks in water, then lay them out to drip dry. The bricks
should be thoroughly wet so the mortar bonds correctly. That said, wait until there is no more
water running off the bricks, or the mortar may become too runny.
5. Lay the first 1/2 inch of mortar along the base of the foundation. When in doubt, add a little bit
extra mortar, as you will be pushing the brick down slightly. Use your trowel to lightly press into
the mortar along the center line, leaving little intents. The mortar will look like little waves.[9]
6. Press the first brick into the mortar. Push down slightly, then use your level to check that the
brick even with the ground. To do so, press the level up against the side of the brick and then
check it with your string sting line.Scrape any excess mortar down the line. You can use this
mortar for the next bricks as long as it is free from contaminants
7. Lay mortar down for the next 2-3 bricks. Once you're sure your first brick is set, lay down
some mortar for the next few. You only want to work with 2-3 bricks worth of mortar at a time.
8. Butter the end of the next brick with mortar and press it into place. Take a slab of mortar and
coat the end of the brick that will be pushed up against the first brick. You want a nice, even pat
of mortar, just a little more than a 1/2" worth. Press it into place against to the first brick and use
your tape measure to make sure they are 1/2" apart and joined by mortar.
This is a very important step that ensures a strong bond between bricks. If you skip this and try to
fill the mortar in between laid bricks, the joint will eventually fail. For best results, practice this
several times on spare bricks before you move on to the real wall
9. Press the brick lightly into the 1/2" of mortar you've laid down so that it is level with the first
brick. Use the level to ensure that the bricks are flush and at an even height, pushing on them
lightly to make sure that they are perfect.
10. Scrape away any excess mortar as you work. You've pressed the bricks together, you'll notice
that mortar starts to squeeze out as you work to get 1/2" joints. Use your trowel to scrape the
mortar away and down onto the tarp or plywood at the base of the wall. As long as that surface is
kept clean, you can reuse the mortar for the next brick.
11. Keep adding bricks until the row is finished. Continue laying bricks down in this fashion --
mortar bottom and side, press in, check evenness with the level-- until your first row, or course,
is complete.

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You can never check if the wall is level enough. You should be using your level and tape
measure with almost every brick.

Figure no - 6
6.1.3Building Additional Rows
1. Move your guideline up to the next marker. It should be the 1/2 mortar marker that joins your
1st and 2nd rows. For the second row it should already be in place, but you need to remember to
move the line each time you move up a row so that you know the height you have to hit.
2. Cut a brick in half with a firm tap from the pointed end of a hammer. You can also use a
bolster, which may make a cleaner cut. Still, bricks are meant to break cleanly. Tap on the point
you want to cut the brick with the back of a hammer until you see a crack, then hit this spot hard,
once, to cut the brick in half.[11]You need to stagger your bricks, meaning that one brick in the
second row sits on two bricks in the row below it. To do this, you'll start every other new row
with half a brick.You don't need a perfectly clean, smooth cut. The rough edges will help hold
the mortar.
3. Start the second row with 1/2 a brick on both ends. You do not want to make the next row
right on top of the first one, so that the joints line up. Mortar and place the half brick, then place
a full brick next it like normal. Do this on both ends of the wall, so that each side has a half brick
and a full brick in place.

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4. Mortar and place one full brick on top of your ends. To help you stay level, you build the ends
of the wall up a course higher than you're working on, making it appear like there are staircases
on the ends of the wall. You then fill in the bottom row, build the sides up a little higher, then
continue until you reach the top.[12]Remember to use the guideline and your level together to
make sure the bricks are even and at the right height.Your gauging rods should help you place
the end bricks, as they will line up right with the marks planted at the end of your wall.
5. Fill in the entire bottom row. Place roughly 1/2" of mortar down, press the brick into place,
check the straightness with the guideline and level, and wipe up any excess mortar. Then repeat
until the second row is done.
6. Continue building your wall from the ends inward. You want to have the ends of your wall
one course higher than the row you are currently working on. This is especially important if the
wall has pillars on either end. With each row, the process is the same. However, remember to use
half-bricks every other row to ensure that the joints in each row are not perfectly lined up.
Move the guideline.
Apply mortar.
Press a brick into either end of the wall, using the guidelines and level to make sure they are at
the right height.
Do the same thing one row above the one you're currently working on.
Measure, mortar, and build the bottommost row, (infill the courses).
Repeat the process one row higher

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CHAPTER

7
ESTIMATION OF TILES AND KERB STONE USED

7.1 APPARATUS REQUIRED:


Measuring tape, note book, calculator etc.
7.1.1 FORMULA USED:
Area of rectangle= length*width
area of circle=3.14(diameter)*(diameter)
area of triangle=0.5*height*Base
7.1.2 THEORY:
Area of tile=300*300 mm2=.09m2
no. of tiles=total area/area of one tile
7.2 RESULT:
Area,no of tiles and curve stone used in different location of site are given below:
Table no - 1
TILES AREA
LOCATION AREA DIMENSION NUMBER OF KERB
SQM LXB (M) TILES STONE
ANCILLARY 149.16 53.181X2.70 1658 180
BUILDING
ROAD SIDE
MIZORAM
HOUSE

LIFT BACK 45.828 8.04X5.70 510

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SIDE

ES1 NEAR 48.26 21.30X2.26 537


LIFT
CAR
PARKING
SIDE
ES1 NEAR 67.52 21.30X3.17 750
LIFT FOOT
PATH SIDE

ES1 FRONT 221.442+79.14= 16.70X13.26+AREA 2461+880=


SIDE 300.59 OF QUADRANT 3341
WITH DIA

=36.17
ES1 BACK
SIDE 271.2 24X11.3 3014

ES1 159.84 44.40X3.60 1776


FOOTPATH

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ES2 GURUDWARA SIDE

200.43 15.30X3.10 2227


ES2 BACK
SIDE
ES2 FRONT 14.415 4.65X3.10 161
SIDE

24
CHAPTER

8
CLADDING OF WALL

8.1 CLADDING OF WALL STEPS:


8.1.1 Cladding is the application of one material over another to provide a skin or layer
Careful and proper installation is extremely important for long-lasting beauty of the exterior of
your home or business, so please follow these steps thoroughly.Please note all materials should
be stored in a dry and safe manner, and mortar should be covered at all times.

Figure no - 7

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Figure no - 8

8.1.2 TOOLS AND MATERIALS REQUIRED:


Hand Grinder, Hatchet Nippers Pointing, Gun Metal, Stick Brush Masons, Trowel Hammer
Spirit, Level Wheel, Barrow Strike, Tool Tuck Mortar Mixer.

8.1.3 HEALTH AND SAFETY:


You must wear the following personal protective equipment for health and safety reasons:
Boots, high visibility jacket, hat, gloves, goggles,

8.1.4 SURFACE PREPARATION:


Once you have your structurally sound wall surface in place, you can begin the surface
preparation.
Apply two layers of water resistant barriers from the bottom up smoothly, ensuring upper layer
laps lower at least four inches. The usual water resistant barriers are usually number 15 felt or
grade d building paper.
Apply the corrosion resistant metal lath horizontally using galvenized fasteners, penetrating
through the shieving and into the studs at least one inch. Be sure to to hit each stud every 6
inches on centre vertically.

26
Install lath with minimum one inch overlap. The surface should feel rough when you rub your
hand upwards, allowing the mortar to catch when applying the motor scratch coat.

8.1.5 INSTALLATION/APPLICATION:
Multiply height x width of the area that is to be covered, subtracting openings such as doors and
windows. This is the total surface area for which you will need stone.
If you are measuring corner stones, you must measure the linear meterage of external corners to
be covered including any doorways and windows that have corners.

8.1.6 TOTAL SURFACE AREA CALCULATOR:


Width:
Height:
Openings:
CALCULATE
Total Surface Area:
The quantity of mortar required will be one bag per square metre of flat stone. Multiply the linear
meterage of corners by 0.3 to give you additional bags required for corner stones.

8.1.7 ADDITIONAL BAGS REQUIRED FOR CORNER STONES CALCULATOR:


Linear Meterage:
CALCULATE
Additional Bags Required For Corner Stones:
Additional mortar may be required depending on stone type and quantity, speak to one of the
team at Fernhill Stone for advice on this.

8.1.8 GROUTING THE JOINTS:


After the stone has been applied to the surface, fill a grout bag with mortar and and fill in the
joints. Ensure you cover all broken or cut edges with mortar.
Once the mortar joints become dry, you can use a wood or metal strike tool to push the mortar
into any cavities or voids creating a seal around each stone.
Clean the edges with a tuck pointer; this is to prevent water or pests from settling in the spaces.

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8.1.9 FINISHING THE PROCESS AND CLEANING:
Clean the wall with detergent and water using a bristle brush, then clean with fresh water.

8.1.10 DO NOT!:
Use acid or acid based products - this will damage the stone.
Use a wire brush - this will damage the stone face.
Use a high pressure power washer.
Let loose mortar dry overnight.
Use a wet brush - this may leave permanent staining.
Sandblast.
Use corner or flat stones in exterior horizontal planes or to cap walls in high freeze thaw areas.
Use stone below water level, i.e. swimming pools.
Use chlorine and other chemicals as they may discolour products and other masonry materials.

28
CHAPTER

9
RETAINING WALL ES04 AT VASANT VIHAR METRO STATION

9.1 STEPS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF RETAINING WALL


9.1.1 PROPER EXAMINING OF THE DRAWING:
1. DETAILED PLAN OF THE RETAILING WALL.

Figure no - 9

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2. DRAW THE LINE OF PLAN ON GROUND BY SURVEYAR.
line of plan will be drawn on the ground by surveyar by using TOTAL STATION METHOD.
3. EXACAVATION OF WORKING SITE.
exacavation of ground upto the depth of 575 with the help of earth mover.
4. COMPACTION OF SOIL.
compaction and leveling of the ground surface.
5. REIGNFORCEMENT PATTERN

Figure no - 10

Figure no - 11

30
Figure no - 12

Figure no - 13

31
Figure no - 14

Figure no - 15

32
Figure no 16

5B. SHUTERING
6. CONCRETING

33
CHAPTER

10
ESIMATION OF QUANTITY OF DRAINAGE PIPE USED AT SITE

10.1 APPARATUS REQUIRED:


Measuring tape, note book, calculator etc.
10.2 THEORY;
Pipes are used of diameter 200,250,300.
10.3 RESULT:
Drainage pipes are used in different location of site are given below:
Table no - 2
DRAINAGE
LOCATION RM SIZE OF PIPE MAN HOLE DIMENSION
(M) DIA (MM) NAME & LXBXH (MM)
LOCATION
ES1 BACK 56 200MM O DIA 600MM
SIDE DROP MAN
,FRONT SIDE HOLE
ROAD SIDE
250MM (I) 900X800X1350
NEAR
BOUNDARY
WALL
11.1 300MM (J) 600X600X600
ES1 GATE
SIDE(ROAD

34
SIDE)
(K) 900X800X1200
BACK SIDE OF
ES1
(L) 600X600X1100
ES1 SIDE
NEAR
BOUNDARY
WALL
TOTAL=67.1 (M) 600X600X1100
FRONT SIDE
OF ES1
(N) 600X600X1100
GREEN PLANT
SIDE
(O)EXTERIOR 600X600X1100
BOUNDARY
WALL

35
CHAPTER

11
CONCLUSION

DELHI Metro is a world-class metro. DELHI Metro to be of world class standards in regard to
safety, reliability, punctuality, comfort and customer satisfaction. Duration of this project is of
42 months, which includesConstruction of Tunnel from end of underground ramp (near
SHANKAR VIHAR metro station) to HAUZKHAS Metro Station and Underground ramp
near SHANKAR VIHAR Metro Station and Underground metro Station at VASANT VIHAR,
MUNIRKA, R.K. PURAM, IIT and HAUZ KHAS on JANAKPURI West.

All the work is carried out as per the proper methodology stated given by contractor (L & T)
which is approved by client (DMRC).Good Co-ordination among all the peoples working at
site as well as regional office. This helps the company achieve its targets within the desired
period.The workers on site are skilled and well aware of the techniques They are well guided
by supervisors and the engineers on site. This helps to improve the efficiency and quality of
the work.

36
CHAPTER

12
REFERENCES

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi_Metro_Rail_Corporation
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larsen_%26_Toubro
[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_Construction_Group
[4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Austrian_tunnelling_method
[5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retaining_wall
[6] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cladding_(construction)

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