Masarykova univerzita

Filozofick fakulta

Katedra anglistiky a amerikanistiky

Bakalsk diplomov prce

2011 Elika Charvtov

 Masaryk University
Faculty of Arts

Department of English
and American Studies

English Language and Literature

Elika Charvtov

Latin Loanwords in English

Bachelors Diploma Thesis

Supervisor: doc. PhDr. Jana Chamonikolasov, Ph. D.

2011
 I declare that I have worked on this thesis independently,
using only the primary and secondary sources listed in the bibliography.

..
Authors signature
I would like to thank doc. PhDr. Jana Chamonikolasov, Ph.D. and prof. RNDr. Vclav Blaek, CSc. who
were kind enough to offer valuable suggestions and ideas for the paper as well as supplementary tips for
the list of bibliography.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................1

I. THE LANGUAGE CONTACT.........................................................................................3

1. THE LANGUAGE CONTACT SCHEMES....................................................................3

2. SOURCES OF NEW WORDS.....................................................................................4

3. BORROWING...........................................................................................................4

3.1 THE DEFINITION OF BORROWING........................................................................4

3.2 THE LEVELS OF LANGUAGE BORROWING...........................................................5

3.3 THE REASONS FOR LEXICAL BORROWING...........................................................6

3.4 THE PROCESS OF LEXICAL BORROWING..............................................................8

3.5 THE ATTITUDES TOWARDS BORROWING.............................................................8

4. LOANWORDS..........................................................................................................9

4.1 THE DEFINITION OF A LOANWORD......................................................................9

4.2 THE FUNCTIONS OF LOANWORDS......................................................................10

4.3 THE LEXICAL INTEGRATION OF LOANWORDS....................................................11

II. THE HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH AND LATIN LANGUAGES........................................13

1. THE LATIN LANGUAGE...........................................................................................13

1.1 CHRONOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF LATIN....................................................13

1.1.1 ARCHAIC LATIN......................................................................................13

1.1.2 CLASSICAL AND VULGAR LATIN............................................................14

1.1.3 CHRISTIAN LATIN...................................................................................15

1.1.4 LATIN OF THE MIDDLE AGES.................................................................16

1.1.5 RENAISSANCE LATIN..............................................................................16

1.1.6 MODERN LATIN......................................................................................16

1.2 THE LINGUISTIC INFLUENCE OF LATIN..........................................................17

 2. THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE....................................................................................18

2.1 CHRONOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF ENGLISH................................................18

2.1.1 OLD ENGLISH.........................................................................................18

2.1.2 MIDDLE ENGLISH...................................................................................20

2.1.3 MODERN ENGLISH..................................................................................22

3. THE ENGLISH-LATIN ANALOGY...............................................................................23

III. LATIN LOANWORDS IN ENGLISH..............................................................................24

1. LATIN LOANWORDS IN THE OLD ENGLISH PERIOD (449-1100)...........................24

1.1 CONTINENTAL DEVELOPMENT...........................................................................25

1.1.1 CONTINENTAL LOANWORDS.......................................................................25

1.2 INSULAR DEVELOPMENT....................................................................................26

1.2.1 INSULAR DEVELOPMENT AFTER THE ROMAN CONQUEST..........................26

1.2.2 INSULAR DEVELOPMENT AFTER THE GERMANIC CONQUEST.....................28

2. LATIN LOANWORDS IN THE MIDDLE ENGLISH PERIOD (1100-1500)...................31

2.1 ENGLISH, LATIN AND FRENCH...........................................................................31

2.2 LOANWORDS......................................................................................................32

2.3 AUREATE TERMS................................................................................................34

3. LATIN LOANWORDS IN THE MODERN ENGLISH PERIOD (1500 PRESENT).........34

3.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF LOANWORDS..................................................................35

3.1.1 THE ENGLISHING OF LATIN WORDS.......................................................36

3.2 LOANWORDS......................................................................................................36

3.3 THE LATIN-ENGLISH CONTROVERSY.................................................................37

IV. CHRONOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF LOANWORDS...............................................38

1. OLD ENGLISH LOANWORDS..............................................................................40

2. MIDDLE ENGLISH LOANWORDS........................................................................48

3. THE ELEVENTH CENTURY...............................................................................49

4. THE TWELFTH CENTURY.................................................................................50

 5. THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY............................................................................51

6. THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY...........................................................................54

7. THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY................................................................................81

8. THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY............................................................................108

9. THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY.........................................................................180

10. THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY..........................................................................252

11. THE NINETEENTH CENTURY............................................................................281

12. THE TWENTIETH CENTURY............................................................................307

13. CHRONOLOGICALLY UNSPECIFIED LOANWORDS............................................308

14. COMMENTARY ON THE CHRONOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION ........................309

OF LATIN LOANWORDS IN ENGLISH........................................................309

CONCLUSION..................................................................................................................311

BIBLIOGRAPHY...............................................................................................................314

WORKS CITED............................................................................................................314

WORKS CONSULTED...................................................................................................316

ENGLISH SUMMARY.......................................................................................................319

CZECH SUMMARY..........................................................................................................321

APPENDICES...................................................................................................................322

APPENDIX 1 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.....................................................................322

APPENDIX 2 COMMON PREFIXES IN ENGLISH.....................................................325

 I. INTRODUCTION

Latin has undoubtedly been one of the most influential languages in the history
of the civilization. Its impact on not only European nations has been immense. From the
political, cultural and social aspects of Roman lifestyle to the linguistic features, the
Roman legacy has become a natural part of our lives. English is no exception to this
statement. It was at the time of the very first encounters between the Romans and the
Germanic tribes that the English-Latin history started to be written. Since then, the
relationship between the two languages has undergone several stages of development.
The changes that occured during these stages affected not only the nature but also the
number of loanwords that were adopted into English.
This thesis focuses on the historical development of the two languages in
connection to the frequency of borrowing respectively the number of loanwords at
various periods in history. The social, political and cultural circumstances of the
English-Latin relations affected the amount of loanwords borrowed at particular time
periods. This hypothesis leads to the main research question of this thesis: In which
periods was the number of words taken over from Latin into English the highest
respectively the lowest and what was the cause of this? The goal of this thesis is to
provide an answer to this question through theoretical as well as practical research.
The thesis comprises of a theoretical and a lexical part. The theoretical part is
further divided into three chapter. The first chapter deals with the theory of the language
contact, borrowing and loanwords. It describes various language contact schemes,
functions of loanwords and the reasons of borrowing as well as different attitudes
toward it. The second chapter deals with the historical development of both languages
separately. It gives a chronological classification of both Latin and English history. The
purpose of this chapter is to create a background for the following third chapter that
deals with the common linguistic history of the two languages. The three major periods
of English, that is Old English, Middle English and Modern English are defined within
the context of Latin influence focusing on the effect that such influence has had on the
English vocabulary. The lexical part - that is the chronological classification itself -
represents the core of this thesis. Words that were adopted from Latin are sorted into
thirteen groups according to the centuries or time periods they were adopted in. A
commentary to this division has been provided at the end of the fourth chapter. The
conclusion sums up all the information reached in distinctive chapters and fully answers
the research question. There are two appendices that complete this work, that is a list of
abbreviations and a list of prefixes.

II. THE LANGUAGE CONTACT

One of the main reasons why languages change is that they come into contact with
other languages. (Schendl 2001: 55) Such linguistic contact usually occurs as a
consequence of social and cultural development between two nations. The degree of
mutual influence is given by factors such as the length of the language contact, the
extent of the communication between different speech communities and the number and
status of the bilingual speakers. (Schendl 2001: 56) The different historical
circumstances and the reasons why languages come into contact can influence not only
the social aspects of the relationship between two languages but they can also affect
linguistic aspects of a language that are being adopted such as syntax, pronunciation,
grammar and lexis. This chapter defines the various types of contact between two
languages, focusing on the influence that such an interaction may have. It further deals
with one of the major influences of the language contact lexical borrowing and
adoption of loanwords. The following theory has been, where possible, supplied with
Latin-English reference to the particular matter.

1. THE LANGUAGE CONTACT SCHEMES

Grlach distinguishes between several patterns of language contact. (Grlach 1997:
138)
The first scheme is defined by two co-existent spoken languages. This kind of
contact is typical of mixed-speech communities and border region areas. In this case,
transferred words are normally integrated into the receiving language. This kind of
language contact affects common daily life however, its impact may be restricted only
to certain domaines.
The second scheme that Grlach mentions is the distant contact scheme. This
scheme applies predominantly to business relations during which transfer can happen
over great distances such as import of foreign goods. Here, the impact of the language
contact is restricted to changes in lexis. It often occurs mainly in written form and does
not require bilinguals.
The third type of contact between two languages occurs when the contact is limited
to borrowings from book languages. The transfer is notably based on written forms;
words are not well integrated and only a possible later contact with the spoken medium
can lead to corrections, especially in pronunciation. (Grlach 1997: 138)
As for the case of English-Latin relations, the contact between the two languages
has not been of the same nature throughout the history. From the period of the Roman
influence in Europe, when English was confonted with Latin on everyday basis,
adopting words mainly through spoken Latin, through the time when Latin was
primarily a source of learned words and a so called book language, to the revival of
Latin in Renaissance, the two languages have undergone several changes that altered the
relationship between them. Therefore, the kind of mutual contact should be viewed
rather as a combination of the language contact patterns as Grlach drafted them, than
as just one them. The affect of such various circumstances, as suggested before, can
have multiple linguistic consequences. The following text, deals with the lexical
influence of the language contact.

2. SOURCES OF NEW WORDS

Francis points out that with each change in the physical and cultural environment,
there is a new demand for new meanings, respectively new words. These words may
come from several sources the principal ones being borrowing, derivation,
compounding, back formation, clipping, blends, acronyms, proper names, sound
imitation and coinage. He adds, that in English the most important source of new words
has always been borrowing. The borrowing has been so extensive that by far, the greater
part of the contemporary English vocabulary is made up of borrowed rather than native
words. (Francis 1965: 131)

3. BORROWING

3.1 THE DEFINITION OF BORROWING

Haugen, in his analysis on linguistic borrowing, says that there are three
prerequisites for a process of borrowing to be able to occur. First, we must assume, that
every speaker attempts to reproduce previously learned linguistic patterns. Second,
among the new patterns which he may learn, are those of a language different from his
own. And third, if he reproduces the new linguistic patterns, he must not do so not in the
context of the language in which he learned them, but in a context of another language.
If all the three conditions are fulfilled, we may speak of an act of borrowing. To
summarize, the process of borrowing can be defined as the attempted reproduction in
one language of patterns previously found in another. (Haugen 1950: 212)

3.2 THE LEVELS OF LANGUAGE BORROWING

Two languages can influence eachother on various levels. Grlach elaborates on
their importance and defines the influence of these levels. (Grlach 1997: 143-6)
First, a language can be modified at a writing system and spelling system level.
Latin-English relations is a perfect example of such modifications. Latin provided Old
English with Latin alphabet largely determining the value of individual graphemes by
Latin conventions. Moreover, individual words were affected when spelling and
pronunciation had diverged from those of the etymon, in particular where spellings were
made to conform with those of the original Latin or Greek by Renaissance grammarians.
 A second level of influence is the level of phonology. It is obvious, that the
process of phonetic adaptation of loanwords can be quite complex. Also, this level of
influence is sociolinguistically relevant, since knowledge of the foreign language will
affect the pronunciation of loanwords in the receiving language.
The morphological level is another field where one language can bring about
changes in another. Here, Grlach speaks about a necessity to distinguish between open
and closed sets of words. While the borrowing from open sets is the most common
borrowing (borrowing of lexemes), the borrowing from closed sets is not that common.
The level of syntax can be affected during the process of borrowing as well. For
instance, unidiomatic translation or deliberate adoption of foreign syntactical patterns
can lead to new structures and modifications. For instance, in Renaissance prose, the
imitation of Latin structures is particularly apparent and it extends to units far beyond
the sentence.
Finally, the lexical level, which is probably the most influential and the richest
one of all the above mentioned. It is a level that includes adoption of loanwords,
loanblends, loanshifts, doublets and calques and it is also the level the following text is
going to be dealing with. (Grlach 1997: 143-6)

3.3 THE REASONS FOR LEXICAL BORROWING

The circumstances under which a language contact occurs, as has been pointed
out earlier, are important and vary. The way two languages intertwine is influenced by
not only the time, place and people these are the general factors but also by more
linguistically specific factors. These are the most common reasons for lexical borrowing
(as Grlach and Weinreich drafted them in their works (Grlach 1997: 149-50,
Weinreich 1974: 56-60)):
Gaps in the indigenous lexis
The word is taken over together with the new content and
the new object.
A well-known content has no word to designate it.
Existing expressions are insufficient to render specific
nuances.
Lexical borrowing of this kind can be described as a consequence of the fact that
using ready-made designations is more economical than describing things afresh.
Weinreich also mentions here the constant need for synonyms which are generally
gladly accepted by the receiving language. As far as synonyms are concerned, Latin has
been a great source of synonyms in English, especially since the Renaissance period.
Weinreich further adds, that a language can also satisfy its need for euphemisms, slang
words and cacophemisms borrowing.
Previous weakening of the indigenous lexis
The content had been experimentally rendered by a number
of unsatisfactory expressions.
The content had been rendered by a word weakened by
homonymy, polysemy, or being part of an obsolescent type
of word-formation.
An expression which is connotationally loaded needs to be
replaced by a neutral expression.
Here, Weinreich speaks about the low frequency of words i.e. if the indigenous
lexis has words for concepts that are not frequent in the language, these words become
less stable and more subject to oblivion and replacement.
Associative relations
A word is borrowed after a word of the same family has
been adopted.
The borrowing is supported by a native word of similar
form.
Corrections: an earlier loanword is adapted in form /
replaced by a new loanword.
The part that associative borrowing plays, is also noteworthy. It is very common
for a word that has been adopted to be accompanied by the other parts of speech that are
related to it. For instance, the word iust was later adopted also in the forms of the
following words: justice, judge, judicial and judgement.
Special extralinguistic conditions
Borrowing of words needed for rhymes and metre.
Adoptions not motivated by necessity but by fashion and
prestige.
Words left untranslated because the translator was
incompetent, lazy or anxious to stay close to his source.
Weinreich supports this function of borrowing by saying that the symbolic
association of the source language in a contact situation with social values, positive or
negative, is a very important factor of language contact resp. lexical borrowing. If one
language is endowed with prestige it is highly probable that the other language will
adopt loanwords as means of displaying the social status which its knowledge
symbolizes. This can be observed in the so called learned borrowings of Latin phrases
in English and in the unnecessary borrowing of everyday designations for things which
have excellent names in the languge which is being spoken. (Grlach 1997: 149-50,
Weinreich 1974: 56-60)
It is true that most new foreign words were adopted into English for one of the
above enumerated reasons. However, it should be also noted, that there are many cases
when borrowing occured without any apparent reason.
In the case of Latin loanwords adopted into English, the range of reasons for
borrowing is quite wide. From the obvious necessity to find new names for objects that
were not known in the British Isles before the Roman conquest, to the time when Latin
was no longer a language of a conquered nation but a prestigeous and highly reputable
feature of the upper class society, reasons for adoption probably cover most of the above
mentioned.

3.4 THE PROCESS OF LEXICAL BORROWING

Grlach defines the process of borrowing or the integration process as the
gradual accomodation of a foreign word to the structures of the receiving language.
In many cases, the word is first accepted into a peripheral system and integrated only
later. Words that refer to object and concepts restricted to the foreign culture are likely
to remain unintegrated. In some cases, the foreigness may be deliberately preserved by
retaining foreign graphemes and phonemes. (Grlach 1997: 153)
In the context of English-Latin relations this applies to several semantic fields.
For instance, in medicine (names of bones in the human body), or in botany (names of
plants), were adopted without much change in graphemes. So were some words of
everyday communication such as via, recipe, etc., veto or post scriptum.
Grlach furher points out that words which are not fully integrated indicate by
their form where they were derived from. However, fully accommodated loanwords can
also preserve traces of their origin and indicate the direction of the borrowing process.
He then mentions the following four directions (Grlach 1997: 153-154):
Phonological (OE sealm psalmus cluster reduction)
Morphological (cherry, pl. cherries cherise incorrect
segmentation)
Word-formation (method Gr. met + hodos)
Meaning (spirit spiritus narrower meaning in
receiving language)

Once again, it is important to bear in mind that the process of integration is very
much dependent on the circumstances under which a word is being incorporated. The
social situation as well as intelectual level of people involved play an important role. In
addition, the process of borrowing usually tends to be a rather gradual and slow one
during which the form of a word adopted might change even several times.

3.5 THE ATTITUDES TOWARDS BORROWING

Naturally, the attitudes towards borrowing and loanwords range from one
extreme to the other i.e. from the strict opposition to borrowing to its full support.
Those, who have chosen resistance to borrowing, argue, that the field is sufficiently
supplied with native lexemes, and that the adoption of loanwords may therefore be
merely fashionable and not permanent. They also say that greater phonological and
morphological differences make the adoption difficult, and should therefore be avoided.
The history of English serves well to illustrate stages in which loanwords were being
adopted quite freely and frequently to those time periods when the rendering of foreign
concepts with native material predominated.
Discussions about the value of admissibility of loanwords in connection with
Latin words that were being adopted became particularly topical in the sixteenth
century. The proponents of loanwords claimed that the emancipation and expansion of
the vernacular needed foreign words for both lexical gaps and rhetorical ornament.
However, at the same time, excessive use of unnecessary loanwords was frequently
criticized, and the borrowings were often derogatively referred to as inkhorn terms by
language puritans. Some of the famous defenders of English of that time were Sir
Thomas Elyot, Roger Ascham, George Puttenham, Richard Mulcaster, Sir John Cheke
and Thomas Wilson. (Baugh & Cable 1993: 199, 212-5, Grlach 1997: 147)
On the other hand, there have always been those who defended borrowing and felt
that their language was being enriched by the adoption of new words rather than
discriminated. As John Dryden, an influential English poet, literary critic and
playwright, wrote: We have enough in England to supply our necessity, but if we will
have things of magnificence and splendour, we must get them by commerce. (Baugh &
Cable 1993: 215) And it is not just English which has borrowed frequently; Latin and
Greek had enriched themselves in this way as well.

4. LOANWORDS
 4.1 THE DEFINITION OF A LOANWORD
Loanwords are one of the possible outcomes of the process of borrowing.
Grlach defines a loanword as a foreign item that is borrowed at word level or above
(as a loan phrase). He goes on to say that both form and content are affected in the
process of borrowing and in later integration, mainly by adaptation to the formal
categories of the receiving language and by selection of a meaning (that has to coexist
with indigenous equivalents). (Grlach 1997: 145)

4.2 THE FUNCTIONS OF LOANWORDS

The functions of loanwords and the reasons for borrowing new words are closely
connected. There are four main functions of loanwords. (Grlach 1997: 151)
a. Loanwords serve to designate foreign objects and concepts for which a
descriptive paraphrase would be clumsy or ambiguous.
b. They serve to fill lexical gaps for concepts not properly named.
c. They contribute to a more precise differentiation.
d. They facilitate international communication.
If we were to apply these functions of loanwords to the Latin-English relations,
all of the four functions would be applicable to Latin loans. Let us look at each
particular function more closely.
Ad a. The first Latin loanwords were of military character. Naturally, the first
contact between the two nations was the period of Roman rule in Europe, therefore
there was a necessity to establish terms for new weapons, armor, battling techniques etc.
Later, when the conquered nation began to accomodate to the new culture of its
conquerors and businesses started to take up, new terms for dresses, textiles, vessels,
plants and agriculture were in social demand. In the Middle Ages and later on, in
Rennaissance, there was another wave of demand for words that would give names to
new concepts from the field of science, religion, music, poetry etc. Most of these words
have been preserved in the English languge till today.
Ad b. The second point is very much connected to the first one. Once again,
there were words for which the term was not an apposite one. These had to be replaced
with more suitable terms which were very often of Latin origin.
Ad c. This function applies to situations when there is a need for a more precise
distinguishing of similar concepts. New loans are adopted because new semantic or
stylistic contrasts have to be taken into account. This function of loanwords has
repeatedly been praised as a great advantage of the English language due to its ability to
reflect the smallest nuances in meaning.
Ad d. Latin has been, until the present day, a great facilitator of communication
in many fields. Since the very early beginnings of medicine, astrology, zoology and
other sciences, Latin has occupied the position of a lingua franca in these sciences
making it easier not only communicate more efficiently but also to learn and understand
more quickly. The reason why doctors or botanists from distant parts of the world can
understand eachother without having a common language is the result of such function
of Latin in the historical developement.
Jespersen supports this statement by saying that loanwords have not only been
the milestones of philology, but also the milestones of general history. That is because
they show us the course of civilization and give us valuable information as to the inner
life of nations when plain dates and annals can tell us only so much. When a trace of an
exanche of loanwords cannot be found in two languages, it implies the two nations most
probably have had no substantial contact with each other. However, if they have been in
contact, the number of loanwords and moreover their quality will inform us of their
reciprocal relations on which domains of human activity one has been superior to the
other etc. (Jespersen 1919: 29-30) J. P. Wild, who has dedicated much of his research to
the relationship between a borrowed word and a borrowed item, takes Jespersens
statement even further. He believes that in the context of Roman Britain a loanword
which denotes a concrete object may with fair probability be taken as evidence in itself
that the object, too, was borrowed. Having concluded this, Wild establishes the degree
of probability of parallel borrowing of noun and object. He further claims that the thesis
that loanword implies loan-object is untenable for only a small proportion of loanwords
(such as the terminology for parts of the body). (Wild 1976: 57) Wild also believes that
loanwords shed light on fields where historical rather than archaeological sources are
normally informative. The Roman calendar, Roman legal and administrative practices
and the whole spectrum of education and cultural life are reflected in at least seventy
loanwords in British. (Wild 1976: 59)

4.3 THE LEXICAL INTEGRATION OF LOANWORDS

Having previously demonstrated the complexity of the process of borrowing, it
is obvious that that there are several ways of how a word can be adopted. There are
words, which having no equivalent in the receiving languge can be adopted fairly easily.
However, there are words which have a very similar or even the same meaning as
domestic words and have to face eachother in linguistic battles. Weinreich comments
on this issue by saying that except for loans with entirely new content, the transfer of
reproduction of foreign words is bound to affect the existing vocabulary in one of the
following three ways. First, there can be confusion in usage or full identity of content
between the old and the new word. This is usually typical of the early stages of
language contact. Second, old words may be discarded as their content becomes fully
replaced by the new loanword which occurs both when foreign words are transferred
and when they are reproduced. Finally, the third affect that lexical borrowing may have
is a clarification and specialization of terms. The content of the clashing old and
borrowed words may result in specialization which may lead to the creation of
doublets. (Weinreich 1974: 53-5)
 III. THE HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH AND LATIN LANGUAGES
The focus of this chapter is the connection between historical events and the
language development in relation to the English and Latin languages. The description of
their individual development is important for us to be able to understand the influence
Latin has had on the English language. For this reason, a brief introduction to the
history of both languages is given the focus being primary the linguistic influence that
has shaped the two languages into the form they are in today and the chronological
classification of both English and Latin separately which is going to be create a
background for the next chapter in which the English-Latin linguistic contact will be
dealt with.

1. THE LATIN LANGUAGE

1.1 CHRONOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF LATIN

The Latin language is considered to have gone through several stages of
development. These patterns of chronological classifications may vary. I am going to
work with Barandovsks division that distinguishes between seven periods in the
development of Latin. Each of these periods represents the role that Latin played at that
particular time.
LATIN TIME PERIOD
Archaic Latin 3rd century B.C. 1st century
B.C.
Classical Latin 1. Golden period 1st century B.C. 14 A.D.
2. Silver period 14 A.D. 117 A.D.
Vulgar Latin 1st century B.C. 8th century
A.D.
Christian Latin 2nd century present
Middle Ages Latin 5th century 15th century
Renaissance Latin 14th century 17th century
Modern Latin 17th century present
Table 1 (Barandovsk 1995: 18-51)

1.1.1 ARCHAIC LATIN

The beginnings of ancient Latin its birth and early development are still very
much covered in darkness. The only thing that is certain is that Latin separated from the
Indo-European protolanguage it was not until the third century B.C. that this was first
documented. In the historical period it was merely a dialect in the Rome surroundings
and later became the language of the Latini i.e. people living in Latium. (Barandovsk
1995: 18-9)
It is therefore obvious that Latin has not always held the position of a
prestigeous, predominant language. Latin used to be merely one of a number of
languages once found in the area of todays Italy. As for the influences that shaped Latin
Latin adopted language patterns and lexis not only from Greek, but also from
Etruscan. For instance, the Latin alphabet that was later adopted by so many languages,
had been taken over from Etruscan. Also, architectonical features, some proper names
and religious customs were taken over from the Etruscan civilization. Even though
Etruscan was an important influence, the greatest influence on Latin was Ancient Greek.
Greek, being the main source of Latin lexis, was a significant influence also on its
morphology and syntax. The Greek influence on Roman literature, religion, arts,
language and many other fields is immense. Naturally, we have to ask ourselves why it
is that neither Etruscan nor Ancient Greek surpassed Latin in its use and spread. As for
Etruscan, as Barandovsk points out, the languge was not of a European character
which was reflected in the fact that Latin has not adopted that many words from it
compared to other languages. Greek lacked the potential to spread through Europe due
to its many dialects which were rather scattered and separated. Rome, on the other hand
was an area of one common language, whose spread was amplified by its growing
political power and the decision to install Latin in all newly conquered areas.
(Barandovsk 1995: 18-9)
1.1.2 CLASSICAL AND VULGAR LATIN
It is quite natural with all languages that the written and the spoken form of the
language differ to a certain extent. In the case of Latin, the two forms are particularly
different and the inconsistencies between the spoken and the written language are
sometimes connected not only with the correct and incorrect form but rather with the
fact that Latin has developed into two separate languages.
The written form, which planted its roots in the classical period (1st century B.C.
14 A.D.) and is therefore called the classical Latin, has become a pattern in fields such
as philosophy, oratory and poetry for many future generations and is usually the Latin
taught at classical schools. It is noteworthy that it was this relatively short period of
time that produced great politicians, writers and poet such as Cicero, Ovid, Vergil and
Horatio. The model of classical Latin was based on the use of conscientiously chosen
words, stylistic measures, optimal use of word-formation affixes, loanwords and their
precise translation. However, it had a rather elaborate and somewhat artificial grammar
suitable predominantly for literary purposes. As has been mentioned before, classical
Latin is a very independent language pattern much more different from its spoken form
that it is usual with contemporary languages. The existence of such a correct form not
only proves its high level of language but it also makes the process of grammar creation
much easier.
The spoken form of Latin is also known as vulgar Latin (vulgus = common
people). The records of the existence of the written form simultaneously with the
spoken form are not numerous, but some can be found in literature for example in
Platos and Petroniuss works. Also, Christian writers tended to accomodate the
language of Christianity to the vulgar form as a way of turning a greater number of
common people to their cause, therefore some evidence can be found in their works as
well. A contemporary way of getting to know vulgar Latin are Romance languages. It is
often possible to derive their original form from the phonetic changes that occured.
(Barandovsk 1995: 24-28) To give a few lexical examples of the differences between
the two language forms in classical Latin the word for horse was equus but the
colloquial denomination was caballus. From caballus the French cheval, Provenal
caval, Spanish caballo and Italian cavallo were derived. (Baugh & Cable 1993: 27)

1.1.3 CHRISTIAN LATIN

Even though, the original language of Christianity is Greek, Latin quickly
dethroned its predecessor and in the second century became the liturgical language of
Rome. The Christian Latin was divided into two branches the classical Christian Latin
and the vulgar Christian Latin. Therefore, Christian Latin had to function not only as the
language of the Church but also as a language of the common people. Latin is still today
considered one of the specific characteristics of the Catholic Church. In 1962, pope
John XXIII. gave a speech called Veterum sapientia in which he fought for theologists
active knowledge of the Latin language and he suggested that a theological programme
taught in Latin should be established. Despite the fact that later on, it was established
that liturgy may be held in national languages, Latin still occupied the position of a
referential language in ecclestical law. However, Christian Latin has been gradually
replaced by other languages such as Italian, Spanish, English, German and French.
(Barandovsk 1995: 28-30)
 1.1.4 LATIN OF THE MIDDLE AGES
Latin of Middle Ages is an umbrella terms for all three forms of Latin
classical, vulgar and Christian. Many monarchs, such as Charles the Great, or Otto I,
attempted to reform the declining state of Latin during the Middle Ages. At that time,
Latin did no longer hold the place of a mother tongue, rather an internation means of
communication this was the beginning of Latin as an international language as we
know it to be today. However, not everybody could speak it. The education system, that
was fully in hands of the church, gave the opportunity to study Latin only to scholars
and common people were not given the chance to study it respectively understand it any
more. A wide range of genres is very typical of Christian Latin some of the most
typical include poetry, legends, theater plays, proverbs, fables, moral songs etc.
(Barandovsk 1995: 30-2)

1.1.5 RENAISSANCE LATIN

The Renaissance period was a time of the revival of ancient values and
traditions, which included the rebirth and reintroduction of the Latin language.
Renaissance authors would find their inspiration in ancient writers such as Cicero,
Sallustius, Terentius or Vergil and Latin, once again, took the position of a language that
marked high status and high level of education. In fact, at that time Latin was
considered a requirement for studying at a renowned foreign university. However, the
trend of keeping the knowledge only within scholarly circles reassumed and Latin
continued to be an international language restricted to high class societies.
(Barandovsk 1995: 32-3)

1.1.6 MODERN LATIN

After the Renaissance period, Latin held a strong position of the number one
language of science. In the 20th century many Latin university magazines such as Civis
Romanus (in Limbach), Scriptor Latinus (in Frankfurt), Praeco Latinus (in
Philadelphia) were being published. New communities supporting the revival of Latin
were being established. For instance, in 1905 Unione pro Latinino Internationale was
established to promote and popularize Latin. It suggested a simplified version of the
Latin grammar with maximal use of Latin lexis. Organizations such as International
Auxiliary Language Association, that supported a creation of an international language,
defended Latin enumerating all its good qualities comparing them to English linguistic
qualities. Also, many congresses dealing with this topic were held. For instance, in 1966
there was the Latinitas Viva congress held in Rome. Five years later, another important
effort to preserve Latin occured - Conventus Neo-Latini Lovaniensi in 1971. The famous
Latin society Societas Latina has also been very active. Finally, even Latin games were
held e.g. Ludi Latini (in Augsburg, Friesing) and Ludi Horatiani (in Munich).
(Barandovsk 1995: 37-46)

1.2 THE LINGUISTIC INFLUENCE OF LATIN

As Rome was colonizing Spain, Gaul, the district west of the Black Sea,
northern Africa, the islands of the Mediterranean and Britain, Latin was spreading to all
these regions until its limits became practically co-terminous with those of the Roman
Empire. And in the great part of this area it has remained the language, although in an
altered form, to the present day. The Romance languages, Italian, French, Spanish and
Portuguese, in particular, owe a most of their vocabulary to Latin. In addition to these
most spoken languages, there are about a dozen Romance languages that are spoken by
smaller populations (such as Catalan on the Iberian peninsula and Corsica, or Rhaeto-
Romanic in Switzerland or Walloon a dialect of French spoken in southern Belgium).
(Baugh & Cable 1993: 26-7)
Latin has left, directly or indirectly, its mark on most of the languages of the
world. It may have been its grammar, syntax, alphabet or its lexis. In fact, Latin, even
though most people consider it a dead language nowadays, has been a continuous source
of terminology and everyday vocabulary since its very early beginnings. Its
international character allows people from different parts of the world and different
language groups make oneselves understood in the field of medicine, law, music,
botany, astronomy, biology etc. and many more.
Furthemore, from personal experience, the linguistic value of Latin cannot be
compared to any other language. If a person is acquainted with Latin grammar and Latin
basic lexis, the horizons that this knowledge brings are immensely broad. Not only does
the knowledge of Latin make it easier to learn a foreign language, it enriches a person in
various other ways that are better experienced that described. Latin may be a dead
language, but, in my opinion, it is the most alive of all the dead languages in the history
of the world.
 2. THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

2.1 CHRONOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF ENGLISH

The development of the English language is conventionally divided into three
time periods: Old, Middle and Modern English. A further division into Early and Late
stages of development, as often made, is too detailed to be considered here. For the
purposes of this thesis, the following division will suffice. The following text is draws
on Robertsons chronological classification, which, based on my research, is also the
most common one. It is as follows:
ENGLISH TIME PERIOD
Old English 449 1100
Middle English 1100 1500
Modern English 1500 present
Table 2 (Robertson 1934: 39)

2.1.1 OLD ENGLISH

The Old English period, as the term is usually understood, starts in the beginning
of the Germanic tribes (Jutes, Saxons and Angles) invasions to Britain in 449 and goes
until the year 1100. (Francis 1965: 39) After the Germanic conquest, each tribe settled a
part of the British Isles which explains the division of Old English into dialects that
have left their trace in the provincial speech of England until the present day.
(Robertson 1934: 41)
To outline the general development of the language in this period requires us to
go back to pre-Saxon Britain. When the Germanic invaders came, Britain had been
inhabited by the Celts. Celtic Britain was invaded by the Romans in 55 B.C. and 54
B.C. by Julius Caesars troops, but any attempt to conquer the island was postponed for
almost a century. The Roman occupation lasted until the early fifth century when the
Romans began to withdraw from the provinces in order to defend the capital leaving
Britain defenseless against the attacks of the Picts and Scots of the north and west. After
appealing in vain to Rome for help, the Celts finally called in the aid of Germanic sea-
rovers. The Germanic tribes who came to help eventually coveted the island for
themselves and turned against their Celtic allies who were driven to the corners of the
island. (Robertson 1934: 42)
There are three major language influences on Old English Celtic, Danish and
Latin. The Latin influence will be developed later on, in chapter four.
 The Celtic influence and its deposit in Old English is curiously and almost
inexplicably small. The words (apart from place-names) known to have been borrowed
from the Celts in the Old English period do not amount to more than a dozen (e.g.
bannock, brock, crock, dun, slough). Names of places stand on a different footing:
hundreds of towns and cities (such as Carlisle and Dundee) retain their old Celtic
names. One of the plausible ways of explaining the small number of words borrowed
from Celtic is that the relation of the conquerors and the conquered people made it
unnatural for the former to use the words of the latter. (Jespersen 1919: 37, 39,
Robertson 1934: 43-4) Francis ascribes the scarce borrowing to the fact that the
invading English had little of the kind of contact that would produce any extensive
borrowing. He says that instead, the Germanic tribes often simply killed the Celts, or
drove them into the mountains. (Francis 1965: 135)
Another foreign contact of that period was with the Danes. They began to settle
on the island in the late eighth century and by the time of Alfred the Great, they
commanded all the territory north of the Thames. The Scandianvians were on the whole
at much the same stage of civilization as the English especially at handicrafts such as
arts of war and shipbuilding. Undoubtedly, many very familiar words have reached us in
Scandinavian rather than through the language of the Germanic tribes: sister, for
example, is from the Old Norse syster rather than the Old English sweoster. (Robertson
1934: 45-6) The Danes seem to have adopted English, but they carried over into it many
words from their native Norse. Many of them, like sky, take, window, want and even the
pronouns they, their, them and the preposition till have since become standard English.
(Francis 1965: 79, Wardale 1937: 21-3) It is a small, but significant fact that in the
glorious patriotic war-poem celebrating the battle of Maldon (993) we find for the first
time one of the most important Scandinavian loanwords to call. This shows how early
the linguistic influence of the Danes began to be felt in the English language. An
enormous number of words were then identical in the two languages, so that we should
now have been utterly unable to tell which language they had come from, if we had had
no English literature before the invasion nous such as man, wife, father, mother,
house, thing, life, winter, summer, verbs like will, can, meet, come, bring, see, stand, sit
and adjectives and adverbs such as full, well, better, best with prepositions such as over
and under. (Jespersen 1919: 61, 63-4)
The resemblance between Old English and German suggests perhaps the readiest
way to outline the general characteristics of the former. Not only in its vocabulary, but
also in its accidence or inflection does Old English present familiar conceptions to a
person who has studied German. Most striking of all, perhaps, is the fact that while
Modern English definite article has a single invariable form, the Old English article
exhibits an elaborate set of distinctions for gender, number, and case that exactly
parallel the German forms. (Robertson 1934: 47-8)
There are written records from this period, but very little literature was written in
English. With the conservative forces of educated and literary usage in abeyance, the
language changed more rapidly than it otherwise would have. By the time it again
emerged as a literary language, it was so changed, that we give it a new name Middle
English.

2.1.2 MIDDLE ENGLISH

As we have seen, the Old English word-stock is virtually unilingual; the Middle
English, however, is clearly bilingual. The French influence began before the Norman
Conquest when Edward the Confessor gave many influential posts in the English
Church and state to French clergymen and French nobles. Thus it is not surprising that
French words begin to enter the English vocabulary even before 1066. The policy of
William the Conqueror is believed by recent historians to have been far more liberal in
its attitude toward the English language than was long supposed. The king made no
attempt to force his new subjects in their relations with one another to speak French. But
it was inevitable that French should become at once the language of law, the Church,
civil government and of military organization. Most of English legal terminology is to
be traced directly to French: suit, plead, judge, jury, cause, court, fee, crime, jail.
Ecclesiastical terms like religion, trinity, sacrifice, pray, clergy, cloister and service are
also from French. So are terms of national government like parliament, crown, state,
council, country and military words like fortress, siege, peace, soldier, troops, force,
guard, armor, battle and war. Further followed by words for art, music and literature
such as art itself, paint, music, chant, poem, and romance. As a result, the English
language was reduced from the status of a literary language to that of a mere spoken
dialect. According to Bradley, there is just one class of object for which the native
names have remained without any French mixture that consisting of the external parts
of the body. Words like eye, ear, tongue, nose, arm, hand and so forth are purely native.
One exception to this rule is the word face which is French. (Bradley 1904: 91)
However, it should be remembered that the addition of a French word does not
necessarily mean the loss of an English one. Frequently, the two remain as synonyms.
For instance, we have table as well as board, labor as well as work. However, as
Jespersen says, the native English word usually has the strongest associations with
everything that is primitive, fundamental, popular, while the French word is often more
formal, more polite, more refined and has a less strong hold on the emotional side of
life. Some examples of these synonyms may be the French amity and the English
friendship, aid and help, favourite and darling. In some cases the chief difference
between the native word and the French one is that the former is more colloquial and the
latter more literary e.g. begin and commence, look for and search for, hide and conceal.
Another English-French incosistency may be found in the interesting custom of
applying Saxon names to animals when alive, but Norman French names when prepared
for food which has been prevalent ever since this period and is illustrated in Ivanhoe.
Thus, Saxon swine, calf, ox, sheep and deer have their counterparts in Norman pork,
veal, beef, mutton and venison. (Bradley 1904: 88, Jespersen 1919: 84-90, 97-9,
Robertson 1934: 51-5, Thoma 1922: 27, Wardale 1937: 35)
Latin has been a rich source of borrowing in all periods of the English languge,
naturally including the Middle English period. However, its influence, again, will be
discussed in detail in the following chapter.
Generally speaking, the most important linguistic changes in this period are the
two following a more complex vocabulary which is accompanied by an increasingly
simpler inflectional system. Two changes are perhaps most conspicuous: the far-
reaching vowel weakening, by which almost every vowel other than e, occurring in an
inflectional ending, was changed to e. By the end of that period, even that e has become
mute to some extent as in Modern English, in which an earlier dayes has become days.
The other change was the loss of final -n in the inflectional forms of several parts of
speech. Greater simplicity was achieved also in the structure of the Middle English
sentence. (Robertson 1934: 57-8, Wardale 1937: 3)
The fourteenth century not only saw English firmly and finally established as a
literary language thanks to such figures as John Gower and writers such as Geoffrey
Chaucer, William Langland and the unknown author of Sir Gawain and the Green
Knight who staked all on English and showed that it could be the vehicle of great
poetry) (Francis 1965: 82), but it saw the elevation of one dialect into a commanding
position as a literary speech. The East Midland dialect of the capital, the court and the
universities assumed a peculiarly favored position among its two other rivals - Northern
and Southern dialects. The speech of London and the London area came to be thought
of as standard, or at least preferred for cultivated use. Chaucer is sometimes given credit
for influencing this choice since he was a Londoner born and bred and he wrote the
colloquial and educated speech of his native town, but the truth may be rather different.
Another person who substantially contributed to pushing English toward brighter future
was Caxton and his invention of the printing press. Its ability to spread copies of
English texts over the whole country made a standard writing system in English both
desirable and feasible. The fifteenth century saw the standardization of the literary
language carried even further and before the end of the fifteen century, it has developed
into what we know now as Modern English. (Francis 1965: 83, 86, Robertson 1934: 61-
3)

2.1.3 MODERN ENGLISH

In the sixteenth century the English society as well as its language were
overwhelmed by the humanistic movement - the revival of learning that put the study of
Latin on a new basis and introduced the study of Greek. The general effect of the revival
of learning in the context of the English language was twofold: a temporary neglect of
the vernacular but later a recognition of the possibility of giving modern languages
something of the grace and quality that scholars found in the classics. This twofold
division led to a division in society there were those who believed that English should
be improved by borrowings from Latin and those who believed that English should
rather develop its own words. These opposite attitudes, of course, do not represent a
new notion, simply one amplified by the time period. (Robertson 1934: 65-6)
Throughout the eighteenth century, beginning with the work of men like Swift
and Steele, the striving is for simplicity, directness, clarity and accurancy. The
Elizabethan exuberance, the joy in language is no longer requested. There is a tendency
towards purification and refinement. (Robertson 1934: 67-8)
With the dawn of Romanticism a freer and a more liberal atmosphere becomes
evident. Obsolete words are being revived, dialectal terms are being introduced.
Dictionaries begin to have a powerful influence upon Modern English development.
(Robertson 1934: 68-9)
One of the most interesting aspects of Modern English is its constantly
increasing use as an international language. This leadership among the languages of the
world has been achieved well within the Modern English period. In the nineteenth
century, English came rapidly to the front, largely as a result of the swift increase in the
population of the United States and of the British colonies. Probably by the middle of
the century, it had outdistanced its competitors. The reason why it had done so is up for
discussion. Its spread may be accounted for by external circumstances, or it may have
come about because English is the language best fitted to be the international tongue,
that Latin once was. Probably it is best to say that both internal and external factors
have worked hand in hand here. However, the analogy of the destiny of Latin and
English is quite interesting and will be mentioned in the following passage. (Robertson
1934: 87-92)

3. THE ENGLISH-LATIN ANALOGY

McArthur presents an interesting suggestion in his book The English Languages. He
compares the fate of Latin to the possible destiny of English. He suggests that there are
scholars who fear that Standard English might be slowly replaced by various dialects
and possibly lead to the death of English as we know it. He then, compares this possible
development to that of Latin which was replaced by other languages such as French,
Italian and Spanish. Because of this concern about English, the Latin which died under
barbarian assault 1,500 years ago offers a suitable dire analogue of mutally intelligible
post-English languages. McArthur also present the opposite side of the issue. He says
that there are those who do not see English as one language but rather as many world
Englishes. From this point of view, the growth of the vernacular Latins of Imperial
Rome which led in due course to the Romance languages, is hardly tragic. (McArthur
1998: 181-2) The truth might be somewhere in the middle. There is no way to know to
what extent the death of Latin was abrupt or how natural the transfer from Latin to the
Romance languages was. Moreover, changing of languages and creation of languages is
a natural process that cannot and should not be artificially interrupted. On the other
hand, the tendencies toward very different variations of English have become quite
numerous recently and we can expect such a trend to continue further in the future.

IV. LATIN LOANWORDS IN ENGLISH

Having introduced both languages in the context of their own history and
development that was marked by various influences, it is now time to present the two
languages in the context of their common history. This chapter has been divided into
three parts that correspond with the periods of the linguistic development of English,
that is the Old, Middle and Modern English periods. Each part deals with one particular
period of the English-Latin contact focusing primarily on the role that the historical
development played in the linguistic development. A characterization of the loanwords
of the given period is provided and examples of those loanwords that were adopted into
English at that particular period are given.
The principal languages which have affected the English lexis are Scandinavian,
French and Latin. Scandinavian words were borrowed most freely between the ninth
and the twelfth century; French words during the twelfth, thirteenth, and fourteenth
centuries, but Latin words have been making their way into English throughout almost
the whole period of English history, first into the spoken language, later into written
English. (Serjeantson 1961: 9)

1. LATIN LOANWORDS IN THE OLD ENGLISH PERIOD (449-1100)

There are numerous ways of dividing the early loan-words period. Skeats model
defines Latin of the first period as Latin that was present on the British Isles until 600
A.D. After this point, Latin of the Second period comes the Christian Latin. (Skeat
1887: 432-3) Baugh and Cable devide the history of early Latin loanwords in English
into three periods: the Zero period, the First period and the Second period. (Baugh &
Cable 1993: 77-82) A different classification was introduced by Alois Pogatscher in his
work Lautlehre in 1888, where he included a geographical aspect of division of the
early Latin loanwords. (Wollmann 2007: 6) According to his pattern, the early OE
loanwords can be divided into two main groups: continental and insular. Later on, he
added the period of Christian loanwords. The continental loanwords, originating in the
lower Rhine area and mainly in Gaul were those words borrowed by the Germanic
tribes from the beginning of the Roman-Germanic contact to 449 A.D. Insular
loanwords were words borrowed from the romanized urban British population between
the years 450 and 600 A.D. Christian loanwords are those words that were borrowed
roughly after the year 600 A.D. (Wollmann 2007: 6) Pogatschers geographical division
into continental and insular loanwords was later adopted by many scholars, (including
linguists such as Hladk (Hladk 2003: 319-21) and Serjeantson (Serjeantson 1961: 11-
4) and became the basic pattern of division of early Latin loanwords in English. This
work is going follow Pogatscher in his division into continental, insular and Christian
loanwords.
 1.1 CONTINENTAL DEVELOPMENT
The history of Latin words in English has its beginnings in the period before the
Angles, Jutes and Saxons crossed the North Sea to settle the British Isles. From the time
of Julius Caesar onwards we have evidence from the Roman historians of contact
betwen the Germanic and the Latin peoples which led to the adoption of Germanic
words into Latin and vice versa. The number of Germans living within the Roman
empire in the fourth century is estimated at several million. Germans usually worked as
slaves in the fields or served in the army as soldiers and also as commanders. For
instance, Augusta Treverorum in Gaul (now Treves) an important intersection of eight
military roads and a place where all the grandeur of the Roman civilization was shown
was practically under the gaze of the Germanic people.
As has been indicated before, the first spread of Latin words into Germanic was
due to military influence. And after the Roman soldier came the Roman merchant. From
the time of the first establishment by Julius Caesar of an imperial province on the Rhine,
the trade of Italy turned in this direction and the inhabitants of the new province learnt
very quickly to approve the new products, vessels, plants, ornaments and games which
came to them from the south. They traded products of Roman handicrafts and articles of
luxury for amber, furs, slaves and raw materials. The new words that some of the
Germans learned from the Romans then spread to other Germanic tribes. In the
beginning, the interchange of words between Germanic and Latin speakers took place in
the spoken language i.e. it was not classical Latin but rather vulgar Latin that was the
source of new lexis. (Hladk 2003: 319, Serjeantson 1961: 11)

1.1.1 CONTINENTAL LOANWORDS

Although, as Hladk states, the number of loanwords from this period is not very
high about 150, they are all very important words. (Hladk 2003: 320) The loanwords
adopted in the continental period are very concrete and descriptive. Mainly because
there was no need for any abstract terms and as Peprnk points out, the Germanic tribes
were not yet mature enough to absorb any abstract terms. (Peprnk 2006: 81) A few
examples from various fields follow (Hladk 2003: 320):

Military actions: battle, javelin, road, wall

Measure and distance: inch, mile, pound
Trade: bargain, chest, payment, price, market, mint sack, monger,
toll
Food and drink: butter, cheese, oil, wine
Cooking: dish, kitchen, kettle, mill
Plants: beet, cherry, cole, lily, mint, palm, pear, pepper, plum
Animals: dragon, drake, mule, peacock
Building arts: chalk, copper, pitch, pit, tile
Education: school
Church and religion: angel, ark, bishop, church, church, devil

Finally, it should be noted that there was two-way traffic in loanwords in the
Roman period. However, Germanic loanwords adopted into Latin are suprisingly very
scarce, as attested by Roman authors. Examples of such loanwords are ganta (goose),
sapo (soap), reno (hides) and glaesum (amber). (Wild 1976: 61) These loanwords reveal
the reverse side of Roman trade with Germanic tribes confirming Wilds theory of the
introduction of a new word that had been preceded by the introduction of the item itself.

1.2 INSULAR DEVELOPMENT

1.2.1 INSULAR DEVELOPMENT AFTER THE ROMAN CONQUEST

The first significant influence of Roman civilization on British Isles took place
in years 55 and 54 B.C. when Julius Caesar having completed the conquest of Gaul
decided upon an invasion of England. His chief purpose behind the invasion was
probably the intention to discourage the Celts of Britain from coming to the assistance
of Celts in Gaul. However, the expedition had resulted in no material gain and great
disappointment. The resistance of the Celts was unexpectedly spirited. His return the
following year was no greater an improvement on the situation. Even though he
succeeded in establishing himself in the southeast, after a few encounters with the Celts,
he was forced to return to Gaul. Britain was not again troubled by the Roman for nearly
a hundred years. (Baugh & Cable 1993: 43)
When emperor Claudius decided to undertake the actual conquest of the island
in 43 A.D. he did not underestimate the problems involved with it. An army of 40, 000
was sent to Britain and within three years Claudius managed to subjugate the peoples of
the central and southeastern regions. Subsequent campaigns soon brought almost all of
what is now England under Roman rule. A setback in Roman progress occured in 61
A.D. when Boadicea, the widow of one of the Celtic chiefs, led an uprising against the
Romans massacring about 70, 000 of them. The Romans never really penetrated far into
the mountains of Wales and Scotland. Eventually, they built Hadrians wall to protect
the northern boundary against the Scots. The area south of this line was under Roman
rule for more than 300 years. (Baugh & Cable 1993: 44)
The British Isles have been marked by the Roman rule in various ways. Roman
ways were found where Romans lived and ruled. Four great highways spread fanlike
from London to the north, the northwest, the west and the southwest. Numerous smaller
roads connected important military and civil centers. Small cities and more than a
hundred towns with their Roman houses, baths, temples and occasional theaters testify
to the introduction of Roman habits of life. The Romans introduced the heating
apparatus, the water supply system, paved floors in mosaic, walls of painted stucco and
other Roman ornaments, utensils, pottery and glassware. (Baugh & Cable 1993: 44)
Naturally, the position of Latin, right after the conquest, was the position of a
conquering language. However, the primary feeling of hostility toward the Roman
language began to change very early. Tacitus tells us that in the time of Agricola (78-85
A.D.) the Britons who at first despised the language of their conquerors now became
eager to speak it. On the whole, many people in Roman Britain habitually spoke Latin,
but its use was not sufficiently widespread to cause it to survive, as the Celtic language
survived, the upheaval of the Germanic invasions. A number of inscriptions have been
found, all of them in Latin. These inscriptions do not in themselves indicate a
widespread use of Latin by the native population. They rather suggest that the use of
Latin was probably confined to members of the upper class and inhabitants of the cities
and towns. The well-to-do inhabitants who occupied fine country houses probably
spoke Latin, too. (Baugh & Cable 1993: 44)

1.2.2 INSULAR DEVELOPMENT AFTER THE GERMANIC CONQUEST

When the Roman troops that had settled in Britain were called back home to
protect Rome, they left Britain unprotected. The English, constantly harrased by the
Picts and Scots were defenseless against these attacks and according to the tradition,
invited the Germanic tribes for the purpose of conquering the Picts and Scots. However,
when these tribes arrived and fulfilled their goal, they decided to establish kingdoms of
their own. The Jutes settled in southeastern England, the Saxons settled largely south of
the Thames and the Angles established their kingdoms in the east and central part of
England from the Thames to Scotland. By the middle of the sixth century, the invasion
had stopped. The Teutonic supremacy on the island naturally resulted in the suppression
of the native Celts. The Germanic tribes were not wildly barbarous as the presuming
opinion usually is. They were adventurous sea-rovers with high regard for freedom.
However, their type of civilization cannot be compared to that of the Romans, whose
culture they swept out of England. In the light of Roman civilization the Teutonic tribes
were, therefore, fierce and warlike. (Thoma 1922: 25-6)
Nevertheless, the Germanic tribes thought of Latin as of a language of a highly
regarded civilization, one from which they wanted to learn. Contact with that
civilization, at first commercial and military, later religious and intellectual, extended
over many centuries and was constantly renewed. (Baugh & Cable 1993: 75)

1.2.3 INSULAR LOANWORDS

When the Germanic tribes invaded Britain in the half of the fifth century and
conquered the Celtic inhabitants, the Latin language had already preceded them. As I
have mentioned before, Britain had been a Roman province for nearly four hundred
years. (Skeat 1887: 432) However, we must not expect too many Latin words from this
source. The words most likely to be incorporated into English are place-names left by
the Romans among the Celts. As Wollmann stresses, there are no loanwords that can for
sure be assigned to the insular period in the sense that there is a positive proof that they
were borrowed from romanized Celts or some dispersed speakers of British vulgar
Latin. Since possible Celtic interference can be probably restricted only to a few cases,
we are obliged to state, that a majority of early Latin loanwords were of continental
origin since there is no linguistic proof that loanwords were borrowed in Britain and not
by way of trade with Gaul. (Wollmann 2007: 21) Serjeantson agrees with this statement
and points out that it is sometimes impossible to distinguish between loans of the later
continental period and those of the first centuries of the settlement and in some cases,
though these are in a minority, words included in the respective lists might be
transferred from one to the other with equal probability of correctness. (Serjeantson
1961: 14) Moreover, each author deals with the issue of Latin loanwords differently,
which may result in words being classified as continental as well as insular borrowings.
The following words, as Emerson presents them in his work, are some of the examples
that Kluge and Skeat consider to be insular borrowings (Emerson 1917: 145-6, Skeat
1887: 432-3):

LATIN OLD ENGLISH MODERN ENGLISH

castra (pl.) easter Chester, Lancaster,
lacus lacu lake
montem (akuz.) munt mount
portus port port
milia (pl.) mil mile
strta (sternere) strt street
uallum wal wall
vcus wc Wick (Harwich,
Berwick)
vnum wn wine
Table 3 (Emerson 1917: 145-6, Skeat 1887: 432-3)

1.3 CHRISTIAN INFLUENCE AND LOANWORDS

The third period of the Latin influence on Old English, according to Potgatscher,
is the period of christianization. The English were converted to Christianity in about 596
A.D. It was in that year that Pope Gregory the Great sent Abbot Augustine to England to
spread Christianity. Augustine converted the king of Kent and founded the monastery at
Canterbury. Furthermore, Scottish missionaries founded Lindisfarne in Northumbria in
about 640 A.D. However, it must be noted that the Anglo-Saxons knew about some
phenomema of Christianity centuries before they were converted. This is proved by the
fact that they learned a few words from the Christian terminology before coming to
England e.g. bishop, church, devil, angel (see 1.1.1 Continental loanwords) (Skeat
1887: 433) But, as Thoma points out, some of these words of classical origin existing
previous to the introduction of Christianity were used with pagan connotation. For
instance, an angel was not a heavenly messenger but a messenger in our sense of the
word. (Thoma 1922: 26) During the following four centuries many Latin words were
introduced by Roman ecclesiastics, and by English writers who translated Latin words
into their own language. (Skeat 1887: 433)
Jespersen presents an interesting idea when he says that he is not concerned with
the words that were adopted at this period, but with those that were not. He does not
find it unusual, considering the historical development, that English borrowed from
Latin its religious terminology. What astonishes him is the fact that English has utilized
its own resources to such a great extent. The use of native words was also supported by
the clergy and missionaries who tended to avoid learned Latin words to make the new
faith more accessible to the population. This was done in three ways: by forming new
words from the foreign loans by means of native affixes, by modifying the sense of
existing English words, and finally by framing new words from native stems. (Jespersen
1919: 42)
A great example of how existing native words were largely turned to account to
express Christian ideas is the word God. Jespersen gives 23 native compounds that
include the word God. These are just some of them: godcundnes (divinity), godsibb
(sponsor), godspell (gospel), godsunu (godson), godgimm (divine gem). (Jespersen
1919: 45) Such a list shows how in the old system of nomenclature, everything was
native, and, therefore, easily understood even by the uneducated. Modern English,
however, has words derived from several bases instead: divine, religious, sacred, pious,
evangelical, oracle etc. Such series of terms is, naturally, harder to remember that the
Anglo-Saxon series beginning with god-. (This is the usual argument that those against
loanwords and borrowing give.) (Jespersen 1919: 45-6, Peprnk 2006: 82)
As Baugh and Cable say, the result of the christianizing of Britain is some 450
Latin words adopted into English (this number does not include proper names or
derivatives). However, about 100 of them were purely learned or retained so much of
the foreign character and hardly can be considered part of the English vocabulary (e.g.
inwit (conscience), houseling (confession)). (Francis 1965: 136) Of the 350 words,
some did not find their way into general use until later, when they were reintroduced.
On the other hand, a large number of them were fully accepted and thoroughly
incorporated into the language since they were introduced (e.g. deacon, bishop, martyr)
(Baugh & Cable 1993: 89, Francis 1965: 136)
A list of a few examples of words adopted in the period of Christian influence
follows (Baugh & Cable 1993: 84-5, Emerson 1917: 147, Hladk 2003: 321, Skeat
1887: 441):

Religion and church:
Household and clothing:
abbot, alb, alms, altar, anthem, apostle, balsam,
candle, canon, cleric, creed, cummin, deacon,
disciple, font, litany, manna, martyr, mass, minster,
monk, noon, nun, offer, organ, pall, pasch, pope,
priest, prime, provost, psalm, sabath, shrine,
temple
candle, cap, cowl, purple, silk, sock, sponge
Plants, herbs, trees: box (tree), cedar, chervil, feverfew, gladden,
mallow, myrth, periwinkle, pine, plant, rose, rue,
savine, spelt
Food: fennel, ginger, lentil, lobster, mussel, radish
Animals: capon, culver, doe, phoenix, trout, turtle-(dove)
Miscellaneous: canker, chapman, circle, coop, copper, coulter,
crisp, cup, dight, elephant, fan, fever, fiddle, fork,
giant, imp, keep, kiln, lever, linen, mat, mortar,
must, pan, paper, phoenix, pilch, pile, pillow, pin,
place, plaster, pole, punt, sack, shambles, shoal,
shrive, sickle, sole, spend, stop, strap, talent, tippet,
title, tun, tunic, verse, zephyr

2. LATIN LOANWORDS IN THE MIDDLE ENGLISH PERIOD (1100-1500)

2.1 ENGLISH, LATIN AND FRENCH

After 1066, when the Normans, led by William the Conqueror, settled in Britain,
English and Latin found themselves having to compete with yet another language,
French. The roles of the three languages were given by the official policy of the court.
The kings court, along with major religious communities were sources of the French
influence. The kings and the feudal lords were all French-speakers. All legal documents
were written in French. Monastic life was also dominated by French-speakers, although
the language of the liturgy and of the written documents was Latin. Latin had played an
important role as the official written language in England. Part of the literature of
medieval England from the twelfth century to the fourteenth was written in Latin.
During Middle English, the importance of Latin as the language of religion and learning
continued. Chronicles were written in Latin, and the number of learned words in
history and theology further kept rising. English was the language of ordinary trade and
agriculture. The balance between these two languages was upset in 1204 when King
John lost Normandy to Philip II of France, and isolated the Normans from their
continental lands. This was an encouragement for the aristocracy to use English. This
was also something that caused the Latin loans to appear in large numbers in Middle
English. In 1362, Edward III issued an act requiring the use of English as the language
of the oral proceedings in courts. The written records, however, were still made in Latin.
(Berndt 1989: 53, Hladk 2003: 324)

2.2 LOANWORDS
An important difference between Old English loanwords and Middle English
loanwords is the purpose of their borrowing. In Old English, borrowing was motivated
mainly by the need for denotation of new concepts while in Middle English, in many
cases, Latin words were taken over even though there were adequate native words
already in the English lexis. (Hladk 2003: 319)
The area of Middle English loanwords from Latin widens quite considerably
with the adoption of new words from scientific fields. The borrowing of religious and
ecclesiastical terms continues in this period. However, there are new semantical fields
such as medicine, alchemy, mineralogy, zoology that are being enriched with Latin
words. Middle English period is also considerably richer in abstract terms, as opposed
to the Old English period.
A few examples of loanwords from various fields follow (Serjeantson 1961:
260):

Religion: alleluia, apocalypse, collect, diocese, eremite, Exodus,

Genesis, gloria, lateran, lector, magnificat, mediator,
requiem, redemptor, sabbat, salvator, sanctum
Law: arbitrator, client, conviction, equivalent, executor,
exorbitant, extravagant, gratis, habeas corpus, implement,
legitimate, memorandum, pauper, persecutor
Education: abacus, abecedary, allegory, et cetera, cause, contradictory,
desk, ergo, explicit, finis, formal, incipit, index, item,
library, memento, major, minor, neuter, scribe, simile
Medicine: diaphragm, digit, dislocate, hepatic, ligament, recipe,
saliva
Alchemy: aggravate, calcine, concrete, dissolve, distillation, elixir,
essence, ether, fermentation, fixation, immaterial, liquable,
mercury
Astronomy: ascension, comet, conspect, dial, eccentric, equal,
equinoxium, equator, intercept, retrograde
Botany: cardamon, gladiol, juniper, lupin
Zoology: asp, cicade, lacert, locust
Mineralogy: adamant, chalcedony, jacinct, lapidary, onyx
Abstract terms: adoption, aggregate, alienate, collision, colony,
communicative, complete, concussion, conductor,
confederate, conflict, depression, determinate,
exclamation, expedition, imaginary, immortal, implication
etc.
Latin is also responsible for the adoption of a number of prefixes and suffixes
into English. A list of prefixes is given at the end of this work.
Latin nouns, adjectives and pronouns have usually been adopted in the
nominative case (circus, consul) but inflected forms are occasionally found, too (folio,
requiem). To these we may add various Latin verbal forms which have become
crystallized in the same way through some frequent construction and are now used as
nouns (exit, veto, deficit, interest). Latin prepositions and adverbs were adopted directly
less commonly than nouns, adjectives and verbs, but some do occur in English (alias,
extra, item, verbatim). (Serjeantson 1961: 263-4)
Serjeantson points out that, in this period, it is quite difficult to know which
language a word was adopted from. For example, the words exemption, impression or
discipline could have been taken over either directly from Latin or later on from French.
Another problem is that, often, a word which was adopted from Old French, is either in
Middle English or later, reborrowed from Latin or at least refashioned on the model of
Latin (in pronunciation, spelling or both). These include words such as adventure
(earlier aventure), confirm (conferm), debt (dette). The matter is further complicated by
the fact that in the adoption of words from Latin the common Latin suffixes are replaced
with common French suffixes. For instance, the OFr. suffix -ie represents the Latin
suffix -ia, hence the Latin words custodia, familia were modified into custodie, familie
(now custody, family) Sometimes, however, the French form has deviated so far from
the Latin form, that there is no doubt which language is the source of the corresponding
English word. In fact, English has often two terms doublets one adopted directly
from Latin and one adopted directly from French. (Serjeantson 1961: 261-2)

2.3 AUREATE TERMS

The fifteenth century introduced a rather unusual linguistic feature aureate
terms. It became a conscious stylistic device extensively used by poets and occasionally
by writers of prose. By means of words such as abusion, dispone, diurne, equipolent
and tenebrous, poets attempted what has been described as a kind of stylistic gilding,
and this feature of their language is accordingly known as aureate diction. The poets
who affected aureate terms have been described as tearing up words from Latin. Even
though, this effort was rather artificial and most of the words created in this way
disappeared from the English language quite early, there were words which were
considered aureate in Chaucer, like laureate, mediation, oriental and prolixity and did
become part of the common speech. However, this source of words is merely a small
stream of Latin words flowing into English in the period of Middle Ages. (Francis 1965:
181-2)

3. LATIN LOANWORDS IN THE MODERN ENGLISH PERIOD (1500 PRESENT)

The period of Modern English stretches from 1500 until the present day. And even
though the beginnings of Renaissance are usually considered to be in the 14th century,
its direct impact on English was the greatest in the 16th and 17th century; therefore, the
period of Renaissance has been included in the Modern English period rather than in the
Middle English. Moreover, Francis points out that the influx of classical borrowings that
entered English in Renaissance was a phenomenon of the period roughly from 1550 to
1675. Direct borrowing from Latin during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries far
surpassed that from any other foreign language, including French. The following
eighteenth century was a period of stabilization of the vocabulary crowned by the
publication of Johnsons great dictionary in 1755. (Francis 1965: 110)
The Renaissance movement brought about the revival of not only classical literature
and art but also of the classical languages. Compared to the Middle English period,
when on the whole many of the borrowings adopted from Latin into English are much
more likely to be from French than from Latin, in the Modern English period, they are
much more likely to be from Latin than from French. (Robertson 1934: 314) Although,
it is probably quite impossible to get anything like an accurate estimate of the whole
number of Latin loanwords borrowed in English, Professors Greenough and Kittredge
have arrived at the conclusion that English has appropriated a full quarter of the Latin
vocabulary, besides what it has gained by transferring Latin meanings to native words.
(Robertson 1934: 315)

3.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF LOANWORDS

Along with the scientific development, in the Modern English period, Latin
became the languge of science (medicine, anatomy, pathology, botany, astronomy,
physics, mathematics, philosophy etc.) therefore these are the fields which were
supplied with Latin words the most. Other Latin borrowings are broadly assignable to
such fields as education, rhetoric, prosody, literature etc. Among the large number of
Latin loans difficult to classify are words which are of a rather formal style as well as
others which have found their ways to the everyday speech of the average educated man
(Berndt 1989: 56) Latin also served as the channel through which most of the loans
from Greek passed into English. The process of borrowing abstract terms rather than
concrete words also continues in the Modern English period. This suggests the social
progress that started in the Middle English period which is demonstrated through
language.
An interesting course of development occured during this period. Since the
prestige of Latin was so great, many French words were being adapted back to their
Latin originals: such as avril april, doute doubt, egal equal, langage language.
(Berndt 1989: 56)

3.1.1 THE ENGLISHING OF LATIN WORDS

Apart from the assimilation of prefixes and suffixes that has been mentioned
before, English has managed to modify Latin words in other ways. For instance, Wrenn
mentiones that Latin technical terms and law phrases were commonly shortened or
abbreviated. Such as status quo which was taken originaly from status quo ante or
bona fide (as in bona fide traveller) or mob (as in mobile vulgus). Indeed many Latin
words have acquired such an English feeling that almost no-one knows what their
origins are. Thus, we have recipe in cookery which originally was the Latin imperative
in the sense of take (take that amount of ingredience) similarly the word item is properly
the Latin for likewise used in such lists as accounts, prescriptions or recipes. (Wrenn
1949: 114-6)
Substantial changes also occured in the field of pronunciation. Latin, as the
language of the educated classes in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries developed in
pronunciation on the same lines as English, therefore common Latin terms came to have
a real speech-tradition among the cultivated classes. However, in the nineteenth century
a new way of pronouncing Latin brought over from the Continent arose in schools. The
spreading of this new and foreign-sounding pronunciation has grown with the decline of
general knowledge of Latin which led to changes in pronunciation. Wrenn gives
examples of this the traditional stratum [streitm] becomes [stratm], and one even
hears occasionally cinema [sinima] spoken as [kinima] or [kainima] because the word
was made from a Greek formation kinma. Wrenn adds, that often rhymes in English
verse depending on the traditional English-Latin pronunciation are falsified by this
practice. (Wrenn 1949: 117-8)

3.2 LOANWORDS
As Serjeantson says, the period of Renaissance added very many Latin words to
the English vocabulary but it also introduced many which failed to receive general
approval. Serjeantson agrees with Francis on the period of the greatest influx of Latin
loanwords by saying that since 1500, the largest number of words have been introduced
during the second half of the sixteenth century and the first half of the seventeenth while
the smallest number during the last half of the eighteenth century. (Serjeantson 1961:
264).

3.3 THE LATIN-ENGLISH CONTROVERSY

The revival of Latin in the sixteenth century was viewed twofold. On one hand,
Latin was taken as a highly regarded language, a rich source of vocabulary and a
linguistic universal currency. On the other hand, Latin was viewed as a threat to the
emerging vernaculars. As Baugh and Cable say, in the Renaissance period, vernaculars
had to face three great problems (Baugh & Cable 1993: 198):
1. Recognition in the fields where Latin had for centuries been supreme.
2. The establishement of a more uniform orthography.
3. Enrichment of the vocabulary so that it would be adequate to meet the demand
that would be made upon it in its wider use.
Having said that, Latin was one of the possible sources of troubles that vernaculars
had to deal with. At that time, many scholars argued that compared to Latin, the
vernacular languages seemed immature, unpolished, and limited in resource. (Berndt
1989: 55) English also came under attack in the sixteenth century by various writers
who called the language uneloquent in such terms as base, simple, rude, gross,
barbarous and vile. For this reason, it was thought that serious compositions about
theology, medicine, philosophy, law etc. should be written in Latin. (Peters 1968: 269)
The early modern period was, on the other hand also the time when, as a result of
socioeconomic changes, the monopoly of Latin as the universal languagege of
philosophy, theology, and science was being challenged, and English came to be
employed more and more for purposes for which Latin had for centuries either
exclusively or predominantly been used. There were many scholars who defended
English against Latin such as Elyot, Wilson, Puttenham, or Mulcaster. (This issue is also
referred to in chapter 3.5.)
 In conclusion, I think it is safe to say that the scholars who at that time were in favor
of borrowing from Latin still outnumbered those who were against it and that is why the
word-stock of Latin loanwords in the Modern English period is the largest of all three
periods in the history of the English language.

V. CHRONOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF LOANWORDS

The core of this thesis is the following chronological classification of Latin
words in the English language. However, a few words need to be said to explain the
focus of the text that follows.
First, the following enumeration of words is based on one major source that was
used, that is Hoads Oxford Concise Dictionary of English Etymology (A). Other
sources were consulted, when the origin of words was not clear, especially when a word
was said to be of either French or Latin origin. In that case, two more sources were
consulted, that is Skeats Concise Dictionary of English Etymology (B) and Onionss
The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology (C). The letters in the brackets that is A,
B, and C were used to state which of the three book sources the origin of the word
was taken from. That is, if a headword is followed by A152, it means that the origin of
the word can be found in Hoads Dictionary on page 152. If a word was said to be
adopted either from Latin or French in Hoads work whereas Skeat claims that its origin
is Latin, the word is included in the list and both sources are stated.
Second, for practical reasons, the number of words is limited to the headwords
of Hoads dictionary. Therefore, derivatives and related words are not included in the
classification. However, all headwords that are stated to be clearly of Latin origin have
been written down, along with their various meanings. The development of meaning is
always reflected in the chronological classification, i.e. one word may be included in
several centuries as it was adopted several times with different meanings or the meaning
has changed throughout history. Not all headwords are provided with a definition of
meaning. Definitions have not been provided for words whose senses have undergone
no major change in English, and whose meanings are likely to be ascertainable by most
readers.
 Third, the headword (with its English definition) is always followed by its
origin. Words from other languages that are part of the trail of etymological history of
the English headword are written in italics. The first word given is always Latin, if not
stated otherwise. If the word had been adopted into Latin from some other language
before it was adopted from Latin into English, the chain of origin is also given. The
following signs were used in explaining the course of the adoption of words:
adoption, borrowing from one language into another
f. formed on, a word was formed on another word
= means, meaning
Further abbreviations that were used are listed at the end of this chapter along
with a list of the most common prefixes that occur in English (with stress on Latin
prefixes). A list of suffixes is not included due to its complexity that transcends the
limits of this thesis.
The words are divided according to the century they were adopted in. However,
the earliest loanwords usually cannot be assigned to a particular century. For this reason,
words that were adopted approximately from 700 to 1100 are simply included in one
group of loans Old English Loanwords. This applies also to several Middle English
loanwords whose precise date of adoption is not known, and which are therefore put in
another group of loans Middle English Loanwords. Following these two groups, there
are 10 groups of words listed according to the century they were adopted in from the
11th century until the 20th century. A list of words that entered English via Latin whose
time of adoption, however, is not given by any of the consulted dictionaries, concludes
the enumeration of Latin loanwords in English. The final part of this chapter explains
why the highest number of loanwords were adopted in the sixteenth and seventeenth
centuries and why other periods were less rich in Latin loans.
 1. Old English Loanwords

ALBION Britain OE. Albion L. Albin, Gr. Aloun Celtic

A10 Albio, -on- (albus = white)
ALTAR OE. altar, alter L. altar, altre, altrium
for altria, n. pl. burnt offerings, altar, prob.
A12 rel. to adolre = burn in sacrifice
AMPULLA vessel for holy oil OE. L. dim. of ampora, var. of amphora
A14
ANCHOR appliance for OE. ancor, -er, ancra L. anc(h)ora Gr.
mooring vessel to gkra
A15 the bottom
ANTHEM OE. antef(e)n L. antiphona for antiphna =
A18 antiphon
APOSTLE OE. apostol L. apostolus Gr. apstolos =
one sent forth, f. apostllein, f. apo- +
A19 stllein = place, make ready
AUGUST eight month of the OE. L. Augustus, f. base of augre =
year increase; so named after the first Roman
A28 emperor, Augustus Caesar
BEELZEBUB the Devil OE. Belzebub - L. Beelzebub, rendering Heb.
A37 = lord of flies and Gr. Beelzebob of the N.T.
BRITISH pert. to ancient OE. Brettis, Brit-, Bryt-, f. Bret, pl. Brettas,
Britons based on L. Britt (or OCelt. Britto or
A50 Brittos)
BUTTER OE. butere L. btrum Gr. botron
A56
CALTROP (usu. pl.) name of OE. calcatrippe L. calcatrippa
various plants that
A59 entangle the feet
CANDLE OE. candel L. candla, -della, f. candre =
A60 glisten
CANON rule, law (of the OE. canon L. cann Gr. kann = rule
A61 Church)
CAP OE. cppe L. cappa, poss. f. caput = head
 A61
CHEESE food made of OE. se, ese, se L. cseus
A72 pressed curds
CHERVIL garden herb OE. erfille, -felle L. chrephylla, -um
A73 Gr. khairphullon
CHEST box, coffer OE. est, ist L. cista Gr. kst = box,
A73 chest
COCKLE plant growing OE. coccul, -el L. cocculus, f. coccus,
A82 among corn earlier coccum = kermes Gr. kkkos
COOK preparer of food OE. cc L. ccus, for coquus
A96
COPPER metal of reddish copor, coper L. cuprum, for cyprium (s) =
colour (metal) of Cyprus; so named from its most
A97 noted ancient source
COULTER OE. culter L. culter = knife, plough-share
A100
COWL hooded garment OE. cug(e)le, cle L. cuculla, f. cucullus =
A101 worn by religious hood of a cloak
CREED OE. crda L. crd = I believe
A104
CRISP curly OE. crisp, crips L. crispus = curled
A105
CUP OE. cuppe L. cuppa, var. of cpa = tub
A108
DEACON OE. diacon diconus Gr. dikonos =
A113 servant, messenger, Christian minister
DEVIL the supreme spirit OE dofol L. diabolus Gr. dibolos =
of evil; malignant prop. accuser, slanderer, f. diabllein =
being slander, traduce, f. di = across + bllein =
A122 , B122 throw
DISCIPLE OE. discipul L. discipulus = learner, f.
A127 discere = learn
ET CETERA OE. L., et = and, ctera = the rest, n. pl. of
A156 cterus = remaining over
FALSE wrong; untrue, OE. fals adj. in false ewihta = wrong
deceitful; spurious weights, falspening = counterfeit penny L.
falsus adj. and falsum n. sb., prop. pp. of
A165 fallere = deceive
FAN instrument for OE. fann L. vannus
A165 winnowing grain
FENNEL OE. finugl, finule fem., fenol, finul m. L.
fnuclum, -oclum of fniculum, dim. of
A169 fnum = hay
FEVER OE. ffor m. L. febris fem., of obscure orig.
A170
FEVERFEW OE. feferfuge L. febrifuga, -fugia, f. febris
A170 = fever + fugre = drive away
FIDDLE stringed musical OE. fiele L. vidula, fidula, vitula
instrument played
A170 with a bow
FORK pronged OE. forca, force L. furca = pitchfork,
instrument for forked stake
A179 digging
FULLER one who cleanses OE. fullere L. full or fullre
and thickenes
cloth by treading
A184 or beating
GENESIS first book of the L. Gr. gnesis = generation, creation,
O.T.; (mode of) nativity, f. gen-, base of ggnesthai = be born
origin (7th) or produced
A191
GREEK native of Greece OE. Grcas L. Grcus (applied by the
Romans to the people who called themselves
A200 Hellnes) Gr. Graiks
HUN OE. (pl.) Hne, Hnas L. Hunn, Hn, Gr.
A222 Hounnoi Sogdian wn
INBORN native OE. inboren L. inntus = innate
A231
INCH twelfth part of a OE. yne L. uncia = twelfth part
A232 foot
INDIA OE. India, Indea L. Gr. Inda, f. Inds =
A233 the river Indus Pers. hind
ISRAEL OE. in g. pl. Israela folc L. Isrl Heb. =
A243 he that striveth with God (patriarch Jacob)
JESUS , JESU the Founder of not used in OE., in which it was rendered by
Christianity Hlend = Saviour, in ME repr. L. Iss, obl.
cases Is Gr. Isous, Isou Heb. or
A247 Aramaic
KEEP seize, hold, watch OE. cpan, pt. cpte, of which no cogns. are
(for); pay regard known; its sense-development has been infl.
A251 to, observe by its being used to render L. servre
KENTISH OE. Centis, f. Cent L. Cantium, Gr.
Kntion, f. OCelt. kanto- = rim, border; white
A252
KITCHEN OE. cyene L. cocna, pop. var. of coquna,
A253 f. coquere = cook
LILY OE. lilie L. llium
A266
LINE 1 flax; flax thread or OE. ln L. lnum = flax, rel. to Gr. lnon, Ir.
A267
cloth ln, Lith. lina
LINE 2 cord, string; string, OE. lne = rope, line, series, rule L. lnea
A267 row, series
LOBSTER OE. loppestre, lopystre, lopustre L. locusta
A269 = crustacean, locust
LUCIFER morning star; OE. L. lcifer, f. lx, lc- = light + -fer =
A272 Satan bearing (ferre = carry, bear)
MALLOW plant of genus OE. mealuwe, -(e)we L. malva, rel. to Gr.
A278 Malva malkh, molkh
MANDRAGORA plant of S. Europe OE. L. mandragora Gr. mandragras
and the East
 having emetic and
A279 narcotic properties
MASS Eucharistic service OE. msse, messe L. missa, f. pp. stem
A284 miss- of mittere = send, send away
MASTER man having OE. mister, maister L. magistrum,
control or nom. magister, usu. referred to magis = more
A284 authority; teacher
MAT piece of coarse OE. m(e)atte L. matta
fabric of plaited
A284 fibre
MILE Roman measure of OE. ml fem. ml(l)ia, pl. of ml(l)e =
1,000 paces thousand
estimated at 1,618
yards; unit of
measure derived
from this, viz.
1,760 yards in
English-speaking
A293 countries
MILL bulding fitted with OE. mylen m. and fem. mulino, -ina, for
apparatus for molnus, -na, -num, f. and repl. mola =
A293 grinding corn grindstone, mill
MINSTER monastery; OE. mynster L. monisterium for
church originating monastrium = monastery
in a monastic
establishment;
large church
A294
MINT aromatic plant OE. minte L. ment(h)a Gr. mnth
A294
MONK OE. munuc L. monicus for monachus Gr.
mnakhos, sb. use of adj. single, solitary, f.
A299 mnos = alone
MUSSEL bivalve mollusc OE. mus(c)le, muxle L. muscula, alt. f.
A305 musculus, dim. of ms = mouse
NOON ninth hour of the OE. nn L. nna, fem. sg. of nnus = ninth
day reckoned from
sunrise, 3 p.m.;
A314 office of nones
NUN OE. nunne L. nonna, fem. of nonnus =
A316 monk, orig. titles given to elderly persons
OCTOBER tenth (formerly OE. L. octber, -bris, f. oct = eight
eighth) month of
A320 the year
PALL (arch.) cloth, esp. OE. pll L. pallium = Greek mantle,
rich cloth; (arch.) philosophers cloak
A331 robe, mantle
PALM tree of the (chiefly OE. palm(a), palme L. palma = palm (the
tropical) family palmleaf was likened to the hand with the
 Palmae: leaf or fingers extended)
branch of a palm
A332 tree
PATERNOSTER the Lords Prayer L. pater noster = our Father, the first words
A340 of the Lords prayer
PEAR OE. pere, peru L. pira, fem. sg. repl.
A341 pirum
PEASE (arch. or dial.) pea OE. pise, pl. pisan L. pisa, pl. pis, for
A341 plant or its seed earlier pisum, pl. pisa Gr. pson, pl. psa
PENTECOST the Jewish Feast of OE. penteconsten acc. of L. Pentcost
Weeks; Christian Gr. Pentkost, sb. use of fem. ordinal adj. of
feast observed on pentkonta = fifty
the seventh
Sunday after
Easter,
A344 Whitsunday
PEPPER OE. piper, -or L. piper Gr. pperi
A345
PHARISEE OE. fariseus L. pharsus, -us Gr.
A349 pharsaios Aram.
PHOENIX mythical bird of OE. fenix L. phnix Gr. phonix
gorgeous plumage
living for centuries
in the Arabian
desert, then
burning itself to
ashes, from which
it emerged with
A350 renewed youth
PILCH outer garment of OE. pilee, pyl(e)e L. pellicia = cloak, for
skin dressed with pellicea, f. pellis = skin
the hair or of
A352 woollen stuff
PILE dart, shaft, spike OE. pl L. plum = javelin
A352
PIN peg OE. pinn L. pinna = applied to varous
A353 objects likened to a wing or feather
PINE 1 tree of the OE. pn L. pnus
coniferous genus
A353 Pinus
PINE 2 afflict, torment OE. pnian L. pna, pna
A353
PIT hole in the ground OE. pytt L. puteus = well, pit, shaft
A355
PITCH black or dark OE. pi L. pix, pic-
resinuous
A355 substance
PLASTER curative OE. plaster L. plastrum, for emplastrum
application Gr. mplastron, f. em- + plasts = daubed,
cohesive to the plastered, f. emplssein, f. em- + plssein =
 A356 skin fashion, form
PLUM (fruit of) tree of OE. plme L. prna, orig. pl. of prnum =
A358 the genus Prunus plum
POPE the Head of the OE. ppa L. ppa = bishop Gr. ppas,
R.C.Ch. papas = bishop, patriarch, later form of
A362 pppas = father
POPPY OE. pop, pap, later popi papg,
popg, for ppau L. papuum, alt. of
A362 papver
PORT harbour, haven; OE. L. portus, rel. to porta
town having a
A362 harbour
POST stout piece of OE. L. postis, perh. f. por- = pro- + base of
A363 timber set upright stre = stand
POUND measure of weight; OE. pund L. pond = pound weight, orig.
English money of abl. of pondos, rel. to pondus = weight
A365 account
PRIME earliest of the day OE. prm L. prma = (fem.) first
hours of the
A369 Western Church
PROVOST official set over OE. profost, prafost L. prpositus, used
others alongside prpositus, sb. use of pp. of
prpnere = place in front, set in authority, f.
A375 pr- = pre-, pro- + pnere = place
PSALM OE. (p)s(e)alm L. psalmus Gr. psalms =
plucking with the fingers, sounding of the
harp, song sung to the harp, f. psllein =
A376 pluck, sing to the harp
PURPLE (orig.) of crimson OE. purple, reduced and dissimilated form of
or other red purpuran, obl. case of purpure = purple
colour; (later) of a clothing or garment L. purpura Gr.
colour obtained by porphr = shellfish that yielded the Tyrian
mixing red and purple dye, dye itself, cloth dyed therewith
A379 blue
PURSE money-bag of OE. purs L. bursa Gr. brsa = leather,
A379 leather, etc. bag
RADISH OE. rdi L. rdx, rdc- = root
A386
ROSE plant and flower of OE. rse L. rosa, rel. obscurely to synon.
A408 the genus Rosa Gr. rhdon
RUSH marsh or waterside OE. rys(e), possible connections in L. restis
A411 plant
SABBATH seventh day of the OE. sabat L. sabbatum Gr. sbbaton
week observed by Heb. abbth, f. bath = rest
Jews as a day of
A412 rest
SACK large oblong bag OE. sacc L. saccus = bag, sack, sackcloth
A412 open at one end
SADDUCEE member of one of OE. sad(d)ucas L. Saddcus Gr.
the three Jewish Saddoukaios, f. Heb. = Zadok, the highest
 sects of the time of priest of Davids time from whom the
Christ priesthood of the Captivity and later periods
A413 claimed to be descended
SATAN the Devil OE. L. Satn (Vulg.) Gr. Satn Heb. =
A417 adversary, plotter
SATURDAY seventh day of the OE. Stern(es)d, Sterd, tr. of L.
A418 week Sturn dis = day of (the planet) Saturn
SATURN Italic god of OE. Sternes steorra L. Sturnus, poss. of
A418 agriculture Etruscan orig.
SCHOOL place or OE. scl, scolu L. scla, for schola Gr.
establishment for skhol = leisure, employment of leisure in
instruction; body disputation, lecture, school
of teachers of a
subject in a
A422 university
SCOT (hist.) one of a OE. Scot, only in pl. Scottas L. Scottus
Gaelic-speaking
people first known
in Ireland, and
later settled in
north Britain
A423 (Scotland)
SCUTTLE dish, trencher OE. sutel L. scutula or scutella, rel. to
A425 scutra = dish, platter
SERAPHIM the living creatures OE. seraphin, seraphim L. seraphim, -in
with six wings of Heb.
Isaiah 6, in early
Christian
interpretation
taken to be a class
A430 of angels
SHRINE box, chest; OE. srn L. scrnium = case or chest for
repository for a books or papers
A437 saints relics
SICKLE OE. sicol, sicel L. sicila of secula, f. secre
A438 = cut
SOCK light shoe OE. socc L. soccus Gr. skkhos, sukkhs
A447
SOT fool OE. sott L. sottus
A450
SOUTER (Sc. and north.) OE. stere L. stor = shoemaker, f. suere =
shoemaker, sew, stitch
A451 cobbler
SPEND give or pay out OE. spendan L. expendere = expend
A453
SPONGE sb. OE. sponge L. spongia Gr. spoggi, f.
A455 spggos, sphggos
STOLE (arch.) long robe; OE. stole fem., stol n. L. stola Gr. stol =
vestment equipment, clothing, garment, f. stol- stel- =
consisting of a place, array, lead, send
 narrow strip of
stuff worn over
and hanging from
A463 the shoulders
STREET paved road, OE. strt L. strta, sb. use of fem. pp. of
highway; road in a sternere = throw or lay down
A466 town or village
TAPER wax candle OE. tapor, -er, -ur L. papyrus
A482
TILE thin slab of burnt OE. tiele (tiule) L. tgula, f. IE. tg- =
clay for roofing, cover
A494 paving, etc.
TROUT OE. truht L. tructa
A507
TUN large cask OE. tunne L. tunna
A508
TURN vb. of extensive OE. tyrnan, turnian L. tornre, f. tornus =
sense-development lathe Gr. trnos = lathe, circular movement,
the basic notions taken to be cogn. with terere = rub
of which are
rotation and
deviation from a
A509 course
TURNIP turnep(e), the first el. is unexpl.; the second
A509 is neep OE. np L. npus = turnip
TYMPAN tympanum OE. timpana L. tympanum = tympanum
A511
VENUS ancient Roman L. Venus (goddess of the ancient Romans) =
goddess of beauty venus, vener- = love
A523 and love
VERSE metrical line; OE. fers L. versus = turn of the plough,
versicle furrow, row, line of writing, verse, f. vers-,
A524 pp. stem of vertere = turn
VIRAGO name given by L. virg, obscurely f. vir = man
Adam to Eve, after
the use in Vulg.
A527 Gen. 2:23
WALL rampart; defensive OE. wall, weall L. vallum = rampart, orig.
structure enclosing palisading, f. vallus = stake
a town, etc.; lateral
or vertical division
A532 of a building
WICK dwelling; (dial.) OE. wc L. vcus = row of houses, quarter
town, hamlet of a town, street, village, cogn. with Gr. oikos
A541 = house
WINE OE. wn L. vnum, rel. to Gr. = wine
A542
ZION, SION one of the hills of OE. Sion L. Sin, Gr. Sen, Sein Heb.
Jerusalem on
which the city of
 David was built;
(hence) house of
God, the Christian
Church, place of
A551 worship

2. Middle English Loanwords

APOSTLE ME. apostel L. apostolus Gr. apstolos =

one sent forth, f. apostllein, f. apo- + stllein
A19 = place, make ready
BEELZEBUB the Devil ME. Beelzebub, rendering Heb. = lord of flies
A37 and Gr. Beelzebob of the N.T.
CALTROP star-thistle Trapa ME. calketrappe L. calcatrippa
A59 natans
JESUS , JESU the Founder of in ME. usu. written in full, but almost always
Christianity in the abbreviated Gr. forms ihu(s), ihs, etc,;
repr. L. Iss, obl. cases Is Gr. Isous,
A246 Isou Heb. or Aramaic
JOHN one of the ME. Io(ha)n, Ihon, Iohn, John L. Ianns
commonest Jewish N.T. Gr. Inns Heb.
and Christian
A248 names
PILLOW ME. pilwe OE. pylw-, obl. stem of pyle,
A353 later pylu L. pulvnus = cushion, bolster
 3. The Eleventh Century

CASTLE castellum, dim. of castrum = entrenchment,

A65 , B75 fortified place, fort
CLERK ordained minister clricus = cleric
A79 of the Church
PILE pointed stake or plum = javelin
post, esp. for
driving into soft
ground for support
A353 of a structure
SEPTEMBER ninth month of the September, f. septem = seven
year, formerly
seventh month of
the year beginning
A429 , B447 in March
WICK farm vcus = row of houses, quarter of a town,
A541 street, village, cogn. with Gr. oikos = house
 4. The Twelfth Century

AMEN mn Gr. mn Heb. mn = certainty,

A13 truth
ANGEL angelus Gr. ggelos = messenger
A16 , B12
CELL dependent cella = store-room, chamber, small apartment,
A68 , B79 religious house rel. to clre = conceal
CREDO creed 1st pers. pres. sg. ind. of crdere = believe
A104
JUNE Inius, var. of Innius = sacred to the
A249 , B241 goddess Juno
KEEP take care of, guard OE. cpan, pt. cpte, of which no cogns. are
known; its sense-development has been infl.
A251 by its being used to render L. servre
NOON midday meal nna, fem. sg. of nnus = ninth (orig. ninth
A314 hour of the day reckoned from sunrise, 3 p.m)
PIER one of the AL. pera or pra
supports of the
A352 spans of a bridge
SHINGLE piece of wood scindula, later form of scandula after Gr.
used as a house skhdax, skhindalms
A435 tile
TRIFORIUM (archit.) gallery in AL.
the wall over the
arches at the side
of nave and choir
(taken up by
antiquaries in the
A504 18th cent.)
VERSE section of a psalm versus = turn of the plough, furrow, row, line
or canticle of writing, verse, f. vers-, pp. stem of vertere
A524 = turn

5. The Thirteenth Century

AFTERNOON f. after- + noon; cf. late L. post-meridiem

A8
ALLELUIA ecclL. allluia Gr. allloia
A11
AMICE (eccl.) linen amicia, amisia, f. amictus = outer garment,
vestment covering cloak
neck and
A14 shoulders
ANNIVERSARY anniversrius, f. annus = year + versus =
A17 turning, f. vertere = turn
BARNACLE wild goose (Anas bernaca,-eca
A34 leucopsis)
BREVE brevis = short
A49
BUGLE plant of the genus bugula
A53 Ajuga
BURSAR treasurer bursrius, f. bursa = purse
A55
CANON central portion of cann Gr. kann = rule
A61 the Mass
CARDINAL chief, principal cardinlis, f. card, cardin- = hinge
A63
CATMINT the plant Nepeta f. cat + mint, after herba catti, h. cataria
cataria, which
A66 attracts cats
CHIME cymbal cymbalum = cymbal
A74
CINQUEFOIL plant Potentilla quinquefolium, f. quinque = five + folium =
reptans, with leaf
leaves of five
A77 leaflets
CIRCUMSTANCE (pl.) adjuncts of circumstantia, f. prp. of circumstre = stand
A77 , B489 an action around, surround, f. circum- + stre = stand
CLERK learned man, clricus = cleric
A79 scholar
COBLE (Sc.) boat used AL. cobellum, poss. of Celtic orig.
esp. for salmon-
fishing, sea
A82 fishing-boat
COLLECT (liturg.) short collcta = collection, sb. use of fem. pp. of
prayer, varying colligere = collect
with the day or
A84 , B257 season
COOP basket cpa, also cpa = tun, barrel
A96
CURTANA pointless sword AL. curtna = fem. AN. curtain, OF.
used at English cortain, naame of Rolands sword, so called
coronations because it had broken at the point when
thrust into a block of steel, f. cort, curt =
A109 short
DIRGE office of matins (dirige) - imper. of drigere (direct); the first
for the dead word of the L. antiphon to the first psalm in
the office: Dirige, Domine, Deus meus, in
conspectu tuo viam meam! = Direct, O Lord
A126 my God, my way in thy sight!
DOLPHIN delphnus Gr. delphs, -n-, dalphyn OF.
A132 daulphin
DYSENTERY inflammation of dysenteria Gr. dusenter, f. dusnteros, f.
A139 , B136 the large intestine dys- + ntera = bowels
EPISTLE apostolic letter of epistola Gr. epistol, f. epistllein = send,
A152 the N.T. f. epi- + stllein = send
FRANKLIN landholder of free AL. franclnus, f. franclis, f. francus =
A181 but not noble birth free, frank
FRY offspring; young frium ON. fro, frj = seed
A184 of fish
GLORIA short for the liturgical Gloria Patri (et Filio
et Spiritui Sancto) = Glory be to the Father
(and to the Son and to the Holy Ghost),
Gloria in excelsis Deo = Glory to God in the
highest, and Gloria tibi Domine = Glory be
A195 to thee, O Lord
INCEST incestus, or incestum, sb. use of n. of
incestus = impure, unchaste, f. in- + castus =
A232 chaste
INTERVAL period between intervallum, f. inter- + vallum = rampart,
A240 , A532 two events orig. pallisading, f. vallus = stake
JULY Ilius, so named after Julius Caesar, who
A249 , B241 was born in this month
JUPITER supreme deity of in earliest use Iubiter; corr. to Skr. dyas
the ancient pit = heaven father
Romans; largest
A248 , A250 of the planets
MASTER title of rank or magistrum, nom. magister, usu. referred to
A284 compliment magis = more
NOON midday nna, fem. sg. of nnus = ninth (orig. ninth
hour of the day reckoned from sunrise, 3
A314 p.m)
PATERNOSTER rosary, or a bead pater noster = our Father, the first words of
A340 of this the Lords prayer
PILLORY sb. sb. AL pillorium OF. pilori, pillori,
A353 pellori Pr. espilori
PINE cause to languish pna, pna
A353 or waste away
PIT hell; hollow in a puteus = well, pit, shaft
A355 surface
PRIME (arch.) first hour prma = first
A369 of the day
PROCURATOR orig. form of prcrtor = manager, agent, deputy,
proctor, surviving collector in a province, f. prcrre =
in Sc. p. fiscal, procure
public prosecutor
A371 , B111 of a district
RHINOCEROS rhnocers Gr. rhnkers, f. rhs, rhn- =
A403 nose + kras = horn
ROMAN pert. to ancient Rmnus, f. Rma = Rome
A407 , B427 Rome
SECULAR sb. secular cleric sculris, f. sculum = generation, age
A427
SIBYL woman Sibilla, Sibylla, Sibulla Gr. Sbulla
possessing powers
A438 , B458 of divination
SPEND use, use up expendere = expend
A453
STATE condition; status, status = manner of standing, condition, f.
A459 (high) rank base of stre = stand
TESTAMENT covenant between testmentum, f. testr = bear witness, make
God and man; a will, f. testis = witness
each of the two
divisions of the
Holy Scripture or
A488 Bible
TRANSLATE remove from one transltus, functioning as pp. of transferre =
place to another; transfer, f. trans- + ferre = carry, bear
turn from one
language into
 A501
another
TRANSMIGRATION removal of the transmigrti, -n- = change of country, f.
Jews into transmigrre, prob. based on mei-, change
captivity at
A501 Babylon
TUN tub, vat, etc. OE. tunne L. tunna, prob. of Gaul. orig.
A508
VENITE invitatory psalm vente, imper. pl. of venre = come
A522 at matins
VENUS venery; (astron.) Venus (goddess of the ancient Romans) =
second planet in venus, vener- = love
distance from the
A523 sun
VERSE metrical versus = turn of the plough, furrow, row,
composition line of writing, verse, f. vers-, pp. stem of
A524 vertere = turn

6. The Fourteenth Century

A
ABSOLUTE free from absoltus = freed, pp. of absolvere =
imperfection or absolve, free, f. ab- + solvere = solve
A2 qualification
ABSTRACT adj. abstractus, pp. of abstrahere = to draw
A2 , B542 away, f. abs- + trahere = draw
ACACIA acacia - Gr. akaka
A3
ACCIDENCE part of grammar accidentia, n. pl. of accidns = accident,
dealing with taken as fem. sg.
A3 inflexions
ACT deed ctus = doing, f. ct, pp. stem of agere = do
A4
ACUTE actus, pp. of acuere = sharpen
A5
ADD unite, say in addere, f. ad- + base of facere = do
addition, perform
the arithmetical
A5 process of addition
ADJURE put (one) to his adirre, f. ad- + is, ir- = oath
A5 oath
ADMINISTER administrre = to minister, f. ad- +
B301 ministrre = serve
ADMIT let in admittere, f. ad- + mittere = send
A6
AFFLICT afflictre or f. afflict-, pp. stem of afflgere, f.
A7 af- + flgere = strike
ALGEBRA bone-setting algebra Arab. al-jabr (jabr = reunion of
A10 broken parts)
ALKALI soda ash L. Arab. al-kily = calcined ashes, f. kal =
A11 fry, roast
ALMANAC almanac(h) (Roger Bacon, 1267)
A12
ALOE liliaceous genus of alo Gr. al = plant and drug
plants with bitter
juice, whence is
A12 made a drug
ALOPECIA alpecia Gr. alpek, f. alpx, alpek- =
A12 fox
ALTITUDE altitd, f. altus = high
A12
AMAZON one of a race of Amazn Gr. Amazn, -nos, expl. by the
female warriors Greeks as meaning breastless, f. a- + mazs
A13 = breast
AMPHITHEATRE oval or circular amphithetrum Gr. amphithtron
building round an
A14 arena
AMPHORA two-handed L. Gr. amphores = lit. born on both sides,
vessel; liquid f. amphi- + phor-, pher- = bear
A14 measure
ANAGOGIC mystical anaggicus Gr. anaggiks, f. anagg =
elevation, mystical sense, f. angein = lift up,
A15 elevate
ANIMAL animlis, f. anima = breath, life
A17 , B13
ANTARCTIC antarcticus Gr. antarktiks = opposite to
A17 , B17 the north
ANTECEDENT antecdns, -ent-, prp. of antecdere, f. ante-
A18 , B78 + cdere = go, cede
ANTHRAX carbuncle L. Gr. nthrax = coal, carbuncle
A18
APPREHEND apprehendere, f. ap- + prehendere = seize
A20 , B390
APRIL Aprlis, prop. adj.
A20
APT aptus, pp. of apere = fasten
A21
ARAB Arab(u)s Gr. raps, Arab- Arab = arab
A21
ARTERY artria Gr. artr, prob. f. base ar- = raise
A23
ASAFOETIDA resinous gum with L. = lit.stinking asa, i.e. asa (from Persian
a strong smell az = mastic) + ftida, fem. of ftidus, f.
A24 ftre = stink
ASCEND ascendere, f. ad- + scandere = climb
A24
ASIAN Asinus Gr. Asins
A24
ASPECT aspectus, f. aspect-, pp. stem of aspicere =
A24 look at, f. ad- + specere = look
ASPHALT asphalton, -um Gr. sphalton, -os
A25
ASSOCIATE pp. joined in associtus, pp. of associre, f. as- + socius =
A25 function or status sharing, allied
ATTRITION (theol.) imperfect attrti, -n-, f. attrt-, pp. stem of atterere, f.
A28 contrition at- + terere = rub
AUGUR Roman religious f. base of augre = increase
official with duty
of foretelling
A28 future events
AURORA dawn aurra
A28
AUTUMN autumnus
A29
AXIS axis = axle
A29
AZIMUTH arc extending from L. Arab. as-sumt, i.e. al- + sumt, pl. of
zenith to horizon samt = point of the compass
A30

B
BANNS proclamation of pl. of ban, after pl. banna
A33 marriage
BASILISK fabulous reptile basiliscus Gr. basilskos, dim. of basiles =
A34 king
BASIS L. Gr. bsis = step, pedestal
A34
BIB vb. drink, tipple bibere = drink
A40
BRITISH pert. to Great Britt or OCelt. Britto, Brittos
A50 Britain
BUBO inflamed swelling bub, -n- = swelling Gr. boubn = groin,
A52 in groin or armpits swelling in groin
BUTT cask for wine, etc. AL. butta, bota AN., OF.
A56

C
CANCER zodiacal cancer = crab Gr. karknos = crab
constellation of the
A60 Crab
CANON books of the Bible cann Gr. kann = rule
accepted as
A61 authentic
CANOPY canopeum, for cnpum = net over a bed
Gr. knpeion = Egyptian bed with mosquito
A61 curtains, f. knps = gnat, mosquito
CAPTION (arch.) seizure, capti, -n-, f. capere, capt- = take, seize
A62arrest
CASTOR beaver, unctuous castor Gr. kstr
substance obtained
from the beaver
A65 , B75 (used as a drug)
CATHOLIC universal catholicus Gr. katholiks = general,
universal, f. kat = in respect of + hlos =
A66 , B76 whole
CAUSTIC corrosive causticus Gr. kaustiks = capable of
A67 , B77 burning, f. kausts = combustible
CELL small dwelling or cella = store-room, chamber, small
apartment; cavity apartment, rel. to clre = conceal
A68 , B79 in an organism
CEMETERY cmtrium Gr. koimtrion = dormitory,
A68 burialground, f. koiman = put to sleep
CENTAUR fabulous creature, centaurus Gr. kntauros
half man, half
A68 horse
CENTAURY plant the medicinal centauria,-ea, f. centaurion, -um Gr.
properties of which kentar(e)ion, f. kntauros = centaur
were said to have
been discovered by
A68 Chiron the centaur
CESSATION cesst, -n-, f. pp. stem of cessre = cease
A69
CHAMELEON chamlen Gr. khamailn, f. khama = on
A70 the ground + ln = lion
CHARACTER distinctive mark charactr Gr. kharaktr = instrument for
marking, impress, dinstinctive nature, f.
A71 , B81 kharssein = scratch, engrave
CIRCUMSTANCE condition of circumstantia, f. prp. of circumstre = stand
affairs; formality, around, surround, f. circum- + stre = stand
ceremony;
accessory matter,
A77 , B489 detail
CLARION kind of trumpet clri, -n-, f. clrus = clear
A78
CLIENT one under the clins, client-, earlier cluns, sb. use of prp.
protection of a of cluere, clure = hear, listen
A79 patron
COACERVATION heaping together coacervti, -n-, f. coacervre, f. co- +
A81 acervus = heap
COLANDER clre = strain
A84
COLLATERAL situated or existing collaterlis, f. col- + laterlis, f. latus, later-
A84 side by side = side
COLLUSION collsi, -n-, f. colldere, colls- = have a
secret agreement, f. col- + ldere = play, f.
ldus = play, sport
 A85 , B274
COLOPHONY dark or amber- (rsna) colophnia = resin of Colophon, a
A85 coloured resin town in Lydia
COLOSSUS gigantic statue colossus Gr. kolosss
A85
COMMEND give in trust or commendre, f. com- + mandre = commit,
charge; approve entrust
conduct or
A86 character of
COMMENSAL (one) who eats at commenslis, f. com- + mensa = table
A86 the same table
COMMISARY (eccl.) officer commissrius = officer in charge, f.
representing commiss-, pp. stem of committere = commit
A86 another
COMMIT entrust committere = join, join (battle), practise,
perpetrate, place with another for safety,
A86 entrust, f. com- + mittere = put, send
COMMON WEAL , the body politic, rendering rs commnis
COMMONWEAL state, community
A87
COMPACT closely packed or compactus, pp. of compingere = put closely
A87 knit together together, f. com- + pangere = fasten
COMPEL constrain compellere, f. com- + pellere = drive
A88
COMPLEMENT accomplishment, complmentum, f. complre = fill up, finish,
A88consummation fulfil, f. com- + plnus = full
COMPLETE entire, finished, compltus, pp. of complre = fill up, finish,
A88 , B376 perfect fulfil, f. com- + plnus = full
COMPREHEND comprehendere, f. com- + prehendere = seize
A89 , B390
COMPRESS press together compressre, or f. pp. stem compress- of
A89 , B390 comprimere
CONCLUDE enclose, include; concldere, f. con- + claudere = shut
bring or come to a
close, settlement,
decision; infer,
A90 prove
CONCRETE united, concrtus, pp. of concrscere = grow
composite; opp. to together, f. con- + crscere = grow
A90 , B106 abstract
CONFEDERATE leagued, allied confdertus, f. con- + fder- crude form of
A91 fdus = a treaty
CONFUSED discomfited, confsus, pp. of confundere = pour together,
A91 , B175 confounded confound
CONGREGATION meeting, assembly; congregti, -n-, f. congregre = gather
orig. in biblical
language, in O.T.
assembly of
A92 , B195 Israelites
CONSANGUINITY consanguinits, f. consanguineus = of the
 same blood, f. con- + sanguis, sainguin- =
A92 blood
CONSTRUE (gram.) analyse the construere, f. con- + struere = build
construction of;
A94 expound, interpret
CONSUL supreme magistrate consul - related to consultre, frequent. f.
in the ancient consult-, pp. stem of consulere = take
A94 Roman republic counsel
CONSUME consmere, f. con- + smere = take
A94
CONTAGION contagious disease, contgi, -n-, f. con- + base of tangere =
A94 infecting influence touch
CONTEMPT contemptus, f. contempt-, pp. stem of
A94 contemnere = contemn
CONTINGENT liable to happen contingns, -ent-, prp. of contingere = be
contiguous, in connection or in contact,
A95 befall
CONVENTICLE meeting, conventiculum = (place of) assembly, in form
assembly, esp. of a dim. of conventus = meeting
clandestine or
illegal kind, at first
political, later
A96 religious
CONVICT prove guilty f. convict-, pp. stem of convincere =
A96 convince
CONVOCATION convocti, -n-, f. con- + vocre = call
A96
CORDIAL pert. to the heart; cordilis, f. cor, cord- = heart
A97 sb.
CORNEA (anat.) horny short for cornea tla or tunica = horny tissue
covering of the or coating, f. corn = horn
A98 eyeball
CORPORAL bodily; corporeal, corporlis, f. corpus = body
A98 , B101 material
CORPULENT material, gross; corpulentus, f. corpus = body
A98 bulky of body
CORPUS pl. corpora, body corpus = body
A98
CORRECT vb. f. correct-, pp. stem of corrigere, f. cor- +
A98 regere = lead straight, direct
CORRODE corrdere, f. cor- + rdere = gnaw
A99
CORRUPT as pp. corrupted; corruptus, pp. of corrumpere = destroy, ruin,
unsound, rotten, falsify, seduce, f. cor- + rumpere = break
A99 , B431 debased, venal
CRISP wrinkled, rippled crispus = curled
A405
CRUDE in a raw state crdus = raw, rough, cruel
A106
CUBIT forearm; measure cubitum = elbow, distance from the elbow to
 of length derived the finger-tips
A107 from this
CUPID Cupd, personification of cupd = desire, f.
A108 cupere = desire, long for
CURATE (arch.) one having crtus, f. cra = cure
A108 the cure of souls

D
DACTYL date (fruit); dactylus Gr. dktulos = finger, date, dactyl
A111 (pros.) the foot
DAFFODIL asphodel; plant affodillus, prob. a book-perversion of
of the genus asfodillus, var. of aspohodilus, -elus =
A111 Narcissus asphodel
DAMASCENE pert. to the city of Damascnus Gr. Damaskns, f. Damasks
Damascus, famous Sem. name
for its steel and its
silk fabrics; also
A111 sb.
DAMSON damascnum = plum of Damascus
A112
DECLARE manifest; state dclrre = make clear, f. de- + clrre, f.
publicly or clrus = clear
A115 explicitly
DECOCTION liquor in which a dcocti, -n-, f. pp. stem of dcoquere =
substance has been boil down, f. de- + coquere = cook
A115 , B99 boiled
DELEGATE person chosen to dlgtus, pp. of dlgre, f. de- + lgre =
A117 act for another send on a commission
DELICATE delightful, dlictus = luxurious, rel. to delicia =
elegant, dainty; pleasure, delight, f. delicere = amuse, allure,
indolent, f. de- + lacere = entice
fastidious
A117 , B119
DESK desca, prob. based on Pr. desc(a) = basket or
It. desco = table, butchers block L. discus
A121 = quoit, dish, disc
DESOLATE left alone; deserted dsltus, pp. of dslre = abandon, f. de- +
A121 slus = alone
DESTITUTE abandoned, dstittus = forsaken, pp. of dstituere, f. de-
A121 forsaken, forlorn + statuere = set up, place
DIABOLIC diabolicus, f. diabolus = devil
A123 , B122
DIAPASON (mus.) octave diapsn Gr. diapson, i.e. dia pson =
A123 through all (the notes)
DIATESSARON (mus.) interval of diatessarn, f. Gr. dia tessrn = through, i.e.
A123 a fourth composed of, four (tssares = four)
DIFFICULT back-formation from difficulty difficults,
A124 f. dif- + facults = faculty
DIGEST methodical or dgesta = matters methodically arranged, n.
 systematic pl. of dgestus, pp. of dgerere = divide,
A124 compendium distribute, digest, f. di- + gerere = carry
DIMISSORY dmissrius, f. dmiss-, pp. stem of dmittere
A125
DIRECT address (a letter or drectus, pp. of drigere, d- = straighten,
message) direct, guide, f. di-, de- + regere = put
A126 straight, rule
DISCONSOLATE disconsltus, f. dis- + consltus, pp. of
A127 conslr = console
DISCOURSE reasoning discursus = running to and fro, intercourse,
argument, f. discurs-, pp. stem of discurrere
= run to and fro, speak at length, f. dis- +
A127 currere = run
DISCRETE distinct, separate discrtus, pp. of discernere = separate,
A127 discern
DISCUSS investigate, f. discuss-, pp. stem of discutere = dash to
decide; dispel, pieces, disperse, dispel, in Rom. investigate,
A127 disperse f. dis- + quatere = shake
DISSOLVE loosen the parts of, dissolvere, f. dis- + solvere = loosen, solve
spec. melt, fuse,
diffuse in liquid;
release from life;
A129 undo
DISTEMPER disturb or distemperre, f. dis- + temperre =
derange the proportion or mingle duly, temper
condition of; put
out of humour;
derange the
physical or bodily
A129 condition of
DISTEND stretch out or distendere, f. dis- + tendere = stretch, extend
A129 apart
DISTIL (L ) (let) fall in minute distillre, for dstillre, f. de- + stillre, f.
drops; vaporize by stilla = drop
heat and condense;
A129 also intr.
DINSTINCT distinctus, pp. of distinguere = distinguish
A129
DISTRACT draw away or in f. distract-, pp. stem of distrahere, f. dis- +
A129 different directions trahere = draw, drag
DIVIDE dvidere = cleave, apportion, separate, f. di- +
A130 videre = see
DUODENUM short for intestinum duodenum digitorum = of
twelve digits, f. duodn, distributive of
A138 duodecim = twelve

E
ECHINUS (zool.) sea-urchin L. Gr. ekhinos = hedgehog, sea-urchin
A141
ECHO sb. ch Gr. kh, cf. khe, ekhos = noise
 A141 , B138
ECLIPTIC pert. to an eclipse; eclpticus Gr. ekleiptiks, f. eklepein = be
sb. great circle of eclipsed, f. ek = out, away, ex- + lepein =
the celestial leave
sphere, the
apparent orbit of
the sun, so called
because eclipses
happen only when
the moon is on or
A141 very near this line
EDEN abode of Adam den, Gr. dn Heb. dhen = delight
A142 and Eve
EDIFICATION building up the dificti, -n-, f. dificre = build
church, of the soul
in holiness; mental
or moral
A142 improvement
EFFEMINATE effmintus, pp. of effminre = make
A142 feminine, f. ef- + fmina = woman
ELECAMPANE composite plant, enula campna, i.e. enula for inula Gr.
A144 Inula helenium helnion, and campna = of the fields
ELECTUARY medicinal lecturium Gr. ekleiktn, f. eklekhein =
A144 conserve or paste lick up
ELIXIR alchemists L. Arab. al-iksr, perh. f. al- + Gr. xrion =
preparation for desiccative powder for wounds, f. xrs =
changing metals to dry
gold or prolonging
A145 life
EMBOLISM intercalation of a embolismus Gr. embolisms, f. embllein =
day or days in a throw in, insert, f. em- + bllein = throw
A146 calendar
ENCAENIA dedication (of a L. Gr. egkania n. pl. = festival of renewal,
A147 temple) f. en- + kains = new
EPISTLE (gen.) letter epistola Gr. epistol, f. epistllein = send, f.
A152 epi- + stllein = send
EQUAL qulis, f. quus = level, even
A152
EQUINOX quinoctium, -noxium, f. qui- = equi- +
A153 nox, noct- = night
ERECT upright rectus, pp. of rigere = set up, f. e- + regere
A154 = direct
ERGO therefore L. as prep. = in consequence of , absol.
A154 consequently
EXCEPT pp. excepted; exceptus, pp. of excipere, f. ex- + capere =
prep. if one leaves take
A159 out of account
EXCLUDE excldere, f. ex- + claudere = shut
A159
EXORCISM expulsion of an exorcismus Gr. exorkisms, f. exorkzein, f.
 evil spirit by ex- + hrkos = oath
A160 adjuration, etc.
EXPEL expellere, f. ex- + pellere = drive, thrust
A161
EXTEND stretch out extendere, f. ex- + tendere = strech, tend
A162
EXTRAVAGANT epithet of certain prp. of extrvagr, f. extra- + vagr =
papal decrees not wander
contained in
particular
A162 collections

F
FAN instrument for OE. fann L. vannus
A165 agitating the air
FANE (poet.) temple fnum
A166
FAUN ancient rural deity Faunus = god or demi-god worshipped by
shepherds and farmers and identified with
A167 , B154 Pan; perh. rel. to favre = be favourable
FICTION something ficti, -n-, f. fict-, pp. stem of fingere =
A170 feigned, invention fashion
FINIAL adj. final; sb. AL. finilis, f. fin, fnis = end
(archit.) terminal
ornament of an
A172 apex or corner
FLAGITIOUS flgitisus, f. flgitium = noisy protest against
a persons conduct, scandal, shameful act,
crime, f. flgitre = demand earnestly or
A173 vociferously
FLAMEN supposed grade flmen
of priest in
A173 heathen Britain
FLUVIAL fluvilis, f. fluvius = river, based on fluere =
A176 flow
FOETUS ftus = giving birth, young offspring, abstr.
sb. parallel to adj. ftus = pregnant,
A177 productive
FORK divergence into furca = pitchfork, forked stake
branches,
A179 bifurcation

G
GALBANUM gum resin from L. Gr. khalbn, of Sem. orig.
A187 species of ferula
GEMINI the twins Castor L., pl. of geminus = double, twin
A191 and Pollux
GENTIAN gentina, so called, acc. to Pliny, after
A191 Gentius, a king of Illyria
GENTILE non-Jewish, gentlis = of the same family or nation,
 A192 pagan heathen, pagan, f. gns, gent- = race, people
GEOMANCY divination from gemanta, f. ge = earth + mancy, f. manta
signs derived from Gr. mante = divination
A192 the earth
GIBBOUS convex; hump- gibbsus, f. gibbus = hump
A193 backed
GLEBE soil, earth; field; glba, glba = clod, land, soil
portion of land
attached to a
A195 benefice
GLOSSARY glossrium, f. glssa = gloss
A195
GREEK language of Grcus (applied by the Romans to the people
Greece; adj. who called themselves Hellnes) Gr.
A201 Graiks
GYMNOSOPHIST ascetic Hindu pl. gymnosophist Gr. gumnosophista, f.
philosopher who gumns = gymno- + sophists = sophist
wore little or no
A206 clothing

H
HADDOCK AL. haddocus AN., hadoc, var. of OF.
A207
HALCYON bird fabled to (h)alcyon Gr. alkun = kingfisher
A208 breed on the sea
HAMADRYAD wood-nymph Hamdryas, -ad-, Gr. Hamdruas, -ad-, f.
A208 hma = together + drus = tree
HEMISPHERE in the form hmisphrium Gr. hmispharion
(h)emisperie,
A214 -sphery
HERNIA L.
A215
HERO man of hrs, pl. hrs Gr. hrs, pl. hres
superhuman
A215 qualities, demigod

I
IBIS L. Gr. ibis, of Egyptian orig.
A226
ILEX L.
A228
IMMATERIAL incorporeal f. im- + mterilis, mteria = matter
A229
IMMORTAL immortlis, f. im- + mortlis = mortal
A229
IMPUDENT immodest impudns, -ent-, f. im- + pudns = ashamed,
modest, orig. prp. of pudre = feel ashamed,
A231 shame
IMPUGN assail impugnre, f. im- + pugnre = fight
A231
INANITION emptying of a innti, -n-, f. innre, f. innis = empty,
A231 body vain
INCARNATE embodied in flesh incarntus, pp. of incarnr = be made flesh,
A232 f. in- + car, carn-= flesh
INCOMPREHENSI - not to be f. in- + comprehendere, f. com- + prehendere
BLE circumscribed; = seize
not to be grasped
by the
A232 understanding
INCORPORATE put into the body f. pp. stem of incorporre, f. in- + corporre
of something = fashion into or with a body, collect, f.
A232 corpor- = body
INCUBUS demon incubus, earlier incubo, f. incubre, f. in- +
descending upon cubre = lie
persons in their
A232 sleep
INDICTION declaration or indicti, -n-, f. indcere, f. in- + dcere =
A233 proclamation pronounce, utter
INDIVISIBLE indvissibilis, f. in- + dvidere = divide
A233
INDUCE lead to some indcere, f. in- + dcere = lead
A234 action, etc.
INFAMOUS infamsus, for infmis
A234
INFECT affect with f. infect-, pp. stem of inficere = dip in, stain,
disease; taint, taint, spoil, f. in- + facere = put, do
A234 deprave
INFINITE (arch.) unlimited infntus, f. in- + fntus, pp. of fnre = finish
A235 in number
INFIRM weak, unsound infirmus, f. in- + firmus = firm
A235
INFLEXIBLE in- + flectere = bend
A235
INORDINATE irregular; inordintus, f. in- + ordintus, pp. of ordinre
A237 immoderate = ordain
INSOLENT haughty, insolns, -ent- = unusual, excessive, arrogant,
A237 arrogant f. in- + prp. of solre = be accustomed
INTERLUDE light or humorous interldium, f. inter- + ldus = play
dramatic
representation,
A239 comedy, farce
INTESTATE intesttus, f. in- + testtus, pp. of testr =
A240 bear witness, make a will, f. testis = witness
INVOLVE wrap around, lit. involvere, f. in- + volvere = roll
and fig.; implicate
A241 trouble, etc.
IRIS species of crystal ris Gr. iris = rainbow, coloured circle, etc.,
iris (plant), female messenger of the gods,
A242 whose sign was a rainbow
ITEM adv. likewise, L. = just so, in like manner, moreover, f. ita =
 A244 moreover so, based on the pronominal stem i-

J
JACOBITE member of a f. Jacbus = James
monophysite sect
taking its name
from Jacobus
Baradaeus, of
A254 Edessa
JANUARY Inurius, sb. use of adj. of Inus, name of an
ancient Italian deity figured with faces
A245 looking forwards and backwards
JUBILATION ibilti, -n-, f. ibilre = call, halloo, shout
A249 for joy
JUDICIAL pert. to judgement idicilis, f. idicium = judgement, f. idex,
A249 or a judge idic- = judge
JUNIPER iniperus
A249
JUPITER (alch.) tin L. corr. to Skr. dyas pit = heaven father
A250

K
KEEP preserve, OE. cpan, pt. cpte, of which no cogns. are
maintain; known; its sense-development has been infl.
A251 withhold, restrain; by its being used to render L. servre
reside, dwell (in)

L
LAPIDARY sb. who cuts stones lapidrius, f. lapis, lapid- = stone
A258
LAPIS LAZULI silicate producing f. lapis = stone + lazul, g. of lazulum,
ultramarine varying wiht lazur, lazurius, f. Pers.
A258 pigment lzhward = azure
LATITUDE breadth; angular ltitdo, f. ltus = broad
distance on a
A260 meridian
LAUREATE worthy of the lauretus, f. laurea = laurel tree, laurel
laurel crown, as an crown, sb. use of fem. of adj. laureus, f.
A260 eminent poet laurus
LAVATORY vessel for washing lavtorium, f. lavt-, pp. stem of lavre =
A260 wash, lave
LAX (of the bowels) laxus = loose
A261 loose
LAZAR (arch.) poor or lazarus, use of Lazarus, name of the beggar
diseased person, in the parable, full of sores
A261 esp. leper
LEAGUE distance of three leuge leuca, leuga, late Gr. leg
A261 miles
LEGIBLE legibilis, f. legere = read
A263
LEVIATHAN large aquatic L. Heb. liwythn
animal in the
Bible; Satan;
used by Hobbes
for the
commonwealth
A264 1651
LIBATION lbati, -n-, f. lbre = taste, pour as an
offering, rel. to Gr. lebein = pour drop by
A265 drop
LIBERTINE freedman lbertnus, f. lbertus = made free, f. lber =
A265 free
LIGAMENT short band of ligmentum, f. ligre = bind, tie
A266 animal tissue
LIGN -ALOES aloes, aloes wood lignum alos = wood of the aloe
A266
LIMBO region on the orig. in phr. in, out of limbo, rerp. in, limb;
A266 border of Hell abl. of limbus = hem, selvage, fringe
LIMIT sb. lmes, lmit- = frontier
A266
LINK loop of a chain, AL. linkum ON.
A267 etc.
LIQUID adj. neither solid liquidus, f. liqure = be fluid
A268 nor gaseous
LONGITUDE length longitd, f. longus = long
A271
LOOP opening in a wall AL. loupa = loop-hole
to look or shoot
A271 through
LOTION liquid preparation lti, -n- = washing, f. lt-, laut-, pp. stem
A272 , B253 for external use of lavre = lave
LUPIN lupnus, -um, prob. rel. to lupus = wolf
A273
LUSTRE period of five lstrum, prop. quinquennial purification
A274 years
LYNX feline animal L. Gr. lgx, rel to OE. lox
credited with very
A274 keen sight

M
MAGISTRATE officer concerned magistrtus = magistracy, magistrate, f.
with the magistr- = master
administration of
A276 laws
MAGNESIA (alch.) mineral magnsia Gr. (h) Magnsa (lthos) = the
ingredient of the Magnesian stone, loadstone, stone with
philosophers silvery sheen
A276 stone
MAGNITUDE greatness magnitd, f. magnus = great, large
A276
MAGUS in pl. magi = the L. Gr. mgos OPers. magu
wise men who
came from the
East to worship the
A276 child Jesus
MANIA highly excited mani Gr. man, rel. to manesthai = be
A280 form of madness mad
MANICHEE heretic holding Manichus, f. name of the founder of the
dualistic belief in sect, Manes or Manichus
A280 God and Satan
MARGIN marg, margin-, rel. to mark
A282
MASTER one who has magistrum, nom. magister, usu. referred to
received an magis = more
academic degree
orig. conveying
authority to teach;
title of presiding
A284 officer
MECHANIC pert. to manual mchanicus Gr. mkhaniks, f. mkhan =
A287 work machine
MERCENARY sb. mercnrius, earlier mercennrius, f. mercs,
A289 merd- = reward, wages
MERCURY (M-) Roman divinity Mercurius, orig. god of commerce, f. merx,
identified with the merc- = merchandise
Gr. Hermes, god of
eloquence,
messenger of the
gods, patron of
traders, roads,
guide of departed
souls; planet
nearest the sun;
quicksilver; plant
name
A290
MILLER molnrius, f. molna = mill
A293
MISSAL missle, use of n. sg. of misslis = pert. to the
A296 Mass, f. missa = mass
MODE tune, melody modus = measure, size, manner, method, tune
A297
MODERATE avoiding extremes, modertus, pp. of moderr, -re = reduce,
of medium abate, control
A297 quantity or quality
MORAL pert. to character mrlis, f. ms, mr- = custom, pl. mrs =
A300 or conduct manners, character
MULBERRY mrum = mulberry, mrus = mulberry-tree
A304
MUSK odoriferous muscus Pers. muk Skr. musk = scrotum
substance secreted (the shape of the musk-deers musk-bag
 A305 by the musk-deer being similar)
MUTABLE mtbilis, f. mutre = change
A306
MYRMIDON one of a warlike l. pl. Myrmidones Gr. Murmidnes, acc. to
A306 race of Thessaly legend created orig. from ants (mrmkes)
MYRTLE myrtle-berry myrtilla, -us, dim. of myrta, -us Gr. mrtos
A306
MYSTERY phr. in (a) m., mystrium Gr. mustrion = secret thing or
mystically; ceremony
religious truth or
doctrine; hidden or
secret thing
A307
MYSTERY occupation, misterium, contr. of ministerium = ministry,
A307 handicraft, art by assoc. with mystrium

N
NARD aromatic unguent nardus Gr. nrdos, of Sem. orig.
A309
NATAL pert. to birth or ntlis, f. nt-, pp. stem of nsc = be born
A309 nativity
NEUTER neither masculine neuter, f. ne- + uter = either of two
A312 , B323 nor feminine
NOTARY clerk, secretary; notrius = shorthand writer, clerk, f. nota =
one authorized to note
A315 draw up deeds

O
OBJECT objection, obiectum, sb. use of the pp. of obicere =
obstacle; throw towards, place in front of, f. ob- +
something iacere = throw
presented to the
A318 sight or observed
OBSECRATION earnest entreaty obsecrti, -n-, f. obsecrre = entreat,
A319 beseech, f. ob- + sacrre = hold sacred
OBSTINATE obstintus, pp. of obstinre = persist, f. ob- +
A319 -stan-, rel. to stand
OBTUND obtundere = beat against, blunt, dull, f. ob- +
A319 tundere = beat
OCTAD group of eight octas, octad- - Gr. okts, f. okt = eight
A320
OESOPHAGUS L. Gr. oisophgos, of which the first el. is
unknown and the second appears to be
A321 phagos = eating
OLIBANUM aromatic gum- L. Gr. lbanos = frankincense tree, incense
A322 resin
ONAGER wild ass L. Gr. nagros for nos grios (nos = ass,
A322 grios = wild)
OPIUM L. Gr. pion, dim. of ops = vegetable juice
A323
OPOPANAX fetid gum-resin L. Gr. opopnax, f. ops = juice + pnax, n.
from the root of of panaks = all-healing
Opopanax
A323 chironium
OPPILATION obstruction opplti, -n-, f. opplre = stop up, f. op- +
A324 plre = ram down, stop up
OPPROBRIOUS opprobrisus, f. opprobrium = infamy,
A324 reproach, f. op- + probrum = shameful deed,
disgrace
ORYX species of L. Gr. rux = stonemasons pickaxe,
antelope applied to an antelope or gazelle having
A327 pointed horns

P
PAGEANT scene acted on a AL. pagina
A331 stage
PALATE paltum
A331
PALLADIUM image of Pallas in L. Gr. palldion, f. Palls, -ad- = epithet
the citadel of Troy, of the goddess Athene
on which the safety
of the city
A332 depended
PALM branch or sprig of a palma = palm (the palmleaf was likened to
tree substituted for the hand with the fingers extended)
the palm in Palm
A332 Sunday processions
PALPABLE tangible, sensible palpbilis, f. palpre = touch soothingly
A332
PANTHEON sacred building in pantheon Gr. pntheion, f. pan- = all +
ancient Rome theios = divine, f. thes = god
dedicated to all the
A334 gods
PAPACY office of pope pptia, f. ppa = pope
A334
PAPYRUS kind of sedge from pap Gr. ppros = paper-rush
which ancient
writing material
A334 was made
PARTAKER one who takes a f. part- sb. + taker, agent-noun of take, after
part, participator particeps, f. pars, part- = part + capere =
A338 take
PARTICLE small or minute particula, dim. of pars, part- = part
A338
part
PATERNOSTER form of words used pater noster = our Father, the first words of
A340 as a charm the Lords prayer
PEAT AL. peta, also in petamora = peat-moor;
A341 petaria, -er(i)a = peat-bog
PEDAGOGUE pdaggus Gr. paidaggs = slave who
took a boy to and from school, f. pais, paid-
 A342 = boy + aggs = leading, gein = lead
PENTANGLE pentangulum, alt. of pentaculum = pentacle,
A344 f. penta- = five + angulus = angle
PERCEIVE receive, collect percepti, -n- = collecting, perceiving
A345
PERIPHERY layer of air (once) periphera Gr. periphreia, f. periphers =
A346 revolving round, f. peri- + phrein = bear
PERMUTE exchange permtre, f. per- + mtre = change
A347
PERPENDICULAR situated or having a perpendiculris, f. perpendiculum =
direction at right plummet, plumb-line, f. per- + pendre =
A347 angles hang
PERSPECTIVE optics; optical perspectva, sb. use of fem. of perspectvus,
instrument f. perspect-, pp. stem of perspicere = look at
A347 closely, f. per- + specere = look
PESSARY suppository pessrium, f. pessum, -us Gr. pesss, -n =
draught-board, oval stone used in a game,
A348 medicated plug
PICT one of an ancient Pict, indentical in form with pict = painted
people of N. or tattooed people
A352 Britain
PIER solid structure AL. pera or pra
extending into the
A352 sea, etc.
PIGMENT pigmentum, f. pig-, base of pingere = paint
A352
PIMPLE nasalized form of OE ppel L. papula =
B371 pimple
PIN pointed lenght of pinna = applied to varous objects likened to
stiff wire used as a a wing or feather
A353 fastener
PLAGUE blow, wound; plga = stroke, wound, pestilence, infection,
affliction; prob. Gr. plg, plg, f. plag- = strike
malignant
epidemic,
A355 pestilence
PLASTER plastic composition plastrum, for emplastrum Gr. mplastron,
to be spread on a f. em- + plasts = daubed, plastered, f.
surface emplssein, f. em- + plssein = fashion,
A356 form
POLE each of the two polus = end of an axis Gr. plos = pivot,
points in the axis
A360 celestial sphere
POLLUTE render impure f. pollt-, pp. stem of polluere, f. por- = pro
A360 + base of lutum = mud
POLYPUS (path.) tumour usu. L. Gr. plupos, var. of Attic polpous =
having tentacle-like cuttle-fish, f. pols = poly + pos = foot
A361 ramifications
PONDEROUS physically weighty pondersus, f. pondus, ponder- = weight,
A361 rel. to pendere = weigh
POPPET small person or ppa, puppa = girl, doll
A362 human figure, pet
PORISM geometrical porisma Gr. prisma = deduction,
proposition in corollary, problem, f. porzein = carry,
ancient Gr. deduce, f. pros = way, passage
A362 mathematics
PORPHYRY three types: porfurie, -firie; purfire,
porphire; porphyry L. porphyreum, for
porphyrts Gr. porphurtes, f. prphuros
A362 = purple
PRECEPT general command, prceptum = maxim, order, sb. use of n. pp.
esp. of divine of prcipere = take beforehand, warn,
origin instruct, enjoin, f. pr = pre- + capere = take
A366
PREDESTINATION prdestinti, -n-, f. prdestinre =
appoint beforehand, f. pr = pre- +
A366 destinre = destine
PREDICAMENT category of prdicmentum, f. prdicre = preach, f.
A367 predication pr = pre- + dcre = say, speak
PREPOSITION prpositi, -n- = putting before,
preposition, f. prpnere, pr = pre- +
A368 ponre = put
PREPUCE foreskin prptium, f. pr = pre- + an el. of
A368 unknown. orig.
PREVAIL become strong prvalre = have greater power
A369
PRICKET spike on which to AL. prikettus, -um, dim. f. prick
stick a candle,
A369 candle itself
PRIME golden number; prma = first
beginning, earliest
A369 time
PRIMORDIAL prmrdilis, f. prmrdium, sb. use of n. of
prmrdius = original, f. prmus = first,
A370 prime + base of ordr = begin
PRIVATE applied by Wyclif prvtus = withdrawn from public life,
to the first friars peculiar to oneself, sb. man in private life,
prop. pp. of prvre = bereave, deprive, f.
A370 prvus = single, individual, private
PROCONSUL governor of an prconsul, for pr consule = (one acting) for
ancient Roman the consul
A371 province
PROJECT design, scheme priectum, n. of pp. of pricere = throw
A372 forth, expel, f. pro- + iacere = throw
PROMISE sb. prmissum, sb. use of n. pp. of prmittere =
send or put forth, promise, f. pro- + mittere
A373 = send
PROMOTE advance in position f. prmt-, pp. stem of prmovre = move
A373 forward
PRONE naturally inclined, prnus, f. pr = forward
 A373disposed
PROPINQUITY nearness, proximity propinquits, f. propinquus = neighbouring,
A373 , B394 f. prope = near
PROSELYTE proslytus Gr. prosluthos = strange,
sojourner, convert to Judaism, f. 2nd aorist
A374 stem of prosrkhesthai = come to, approach
PROSTRATE prstrtus, pp. of prsternere = throw in
A374 front, cast down, f. pro- + sternere = lay low
PUBERTY pberts, f. pbs, -er- = adult
A376
PUBLISH make publicly pblicre = make public, f. pblicus =
A376 known public
PULPIT pulpitum = scaffold, platform, stage, pulpit
A377
PYGMY, PIGMY pl. pygmeis, pygm, pl. of pygmus Gr.
pugmaios = dwarf(ish), f. pugm = measure
A379 of length from elbow to knuckles, fist
PYX vessel for the pyxis Gr. puxs = box
reservation of the
A380 Host

Q
QUADRANT fourth part, quadrns, -ant- = quarter, orig. of the as
quarter, now only
of a quarter-circle;
instrument used for
making angular
A381 measurements
QUADRAT square quadrtum, sb. use of n. of quadrtus, pp. of
A381 quadrre = square
QUAESTOR (Rom. antiq.) qustor, f. qus-, old form of stem of
official having qurere = seek, inquire
charge of public
A381 finances
QUATERNION group of four quaternrius, f. quatern = four together, f.
quater = four times, f. base of quattor =
A382 four
QUINQUAGESIMA period beginning sb. use of fem. of quinqugsimus = fiftieth,
on the Sunday f. quinqugint = fifty
immediately
preceding Lent and
ending on Easter
A384 Eve
QUODLIBET question proposed quodlibetum, f. quodlibet, f. quod = what,
in scholastic libet = it pleases
disputation;
scholastic debate or
A384 exercise
QUOTE mark with quotre = number, f. quot = how many, or
numbers or quota = quota
 (marginal)
A385 references

R
RABBI (title of respect rabbi Heb. rabb = my master, f. rabh =
given to) a Jewish master
A386 doctor of the law
RADICAL pert. to the radiclis, f. rdx, rdc- = root
moisture inherent
in animals and
A386 plants
RAPE turnip; plant rpum, rpa = turnip
A388 producing oil-seed
RAPT taken and carried raptus, pp. of rapere = seize
A388 up to heaven, etc.
RATIONAL endowed with ratinlis, f. rati, -n- = reckoning,
reason judgment, understanding, reasoning, method,
motive, f. rat-, pp. stem of rr = think,
A389 reckon
REALGAR native disulphide L. Arab. rahj al-gar = powder of the cave
A391 or arsenic or mine
RECIPE (imper.) take recipe, imper. sg. of recipere = receive
A392
RECOMMEND commend or recommendre, f. re- + commendre =
commit to God; commend
A392 praise, commend
REDUCE bring or lead redcere = bring back, restore, replace, f. re-
A394 back + dcere = lead, bring
REGRESS return, re-entry regressus, f. pp. stem of regred = go back, f.
A396 re- + grad = step, go
RELENT melt, dissolve relentre, f. re- + lentre = bend, soften, f.
A397 lentus = flexible
REMIT forgive (sin); remittere = send back, slacken, relax,
abstain from postpone, f. re- + mittere = put, send
exacting (a
penalty); give up,
desist from; refer
for consideration,
A397 etc.
REPREHEND reprehendere, f. re- + prehendere = seize
A399
REPRESS f. repress-, pp. stem of reprimere, f. re- +
A399 premere = press
REPUTATION opinion, reputti, -n- = computation, consideration,
estimation; f. reputre, f. re- + putre = reckon
general estimate;
high esteem or
A400 credit
REQUIEM Mass for the requiem, acc. of requis = rest, first word of
departed the introit of the Mass, (Requiem ternam
 dona eis, Domine = Rest eternal grant unto
A400 them, O Lord)
RESIN , ROSIN adhesive substance resna, rosna
A400 secreted by plants
RETINA f. rte = net
A402
RETRIBUTION recompense, retribti, -n-, f. retribuere, f. re- + tribuere
A402 requital = assign
RETROGRADE (astron., of retrgradus, f. retro- + gradus = step
planets) moving
apparently in a
direction contrary
to the order of the
A402 signs
REVOLVE turn or roll back revolvere, f. re- + volvere = roll, turn
A403 or round
RHETOR professor of rethor, var. of rhtor Gr. rhtr
A403 rhetoric
RITE formal procedure rtus = (religious) usage
A406 , B425 or act
ROGATION (pl.) litanies used in pl. rogtins, f. rogre = ask
on the Monday,
Tuesday, and
Wednesday before
A407 Ascension Day
ROSARY base coin current rosrius (coin)
in England in the
A408 13th century
ROSE rose-shaped figure rosa, rel. obscurely to synon. Gr. rhdon
A408

S
SABAOTH in phr. Lord of S. Sabath (Vulg.) Gr. Sabath Heb. =
in Eng. N. T. and army, host
A412 Te Deum
SAGITTARIUS zodiacal sagittrius = archer, f. sagitta = arrow
A413 constellation
SAL -AMMONIAC ammonium sal ammniacus, f. sal armniacum = salt +
A414 chloride ammoniac
SANDAL 1 covering for the sandalium Gr. sandlion, dim. of sndalon
A416 sole of the foot = wooden shoe
SANDAL 2 scented wood of sandalum
species of
A416 Santalum
SARDINE precious stone of sardinus Gr. srdinos, var. reading for
A417 Rev. 4:3 srdios = sardius
SARDIUS precious stone, L. Gr. srdios, prob. f. Sard = Sardinia
A417 sard
SARDONYX variety of onyx L. Gr. sardnux, presumably f. srdios =
A417 sardius + nux = onyx
SATURN (astron.) one of the Sturnus, poss. of Etruscan orig.
A418 primary planets
SAVORY herb of the genus ME. saverey L. satureia, fem. sg. and n. pl.
A418 Satureia
SCABIOUS plant of the genus scabisa, fem. of scabisus, f. scabis =
Scabiosa roughness, itch, f. scabere = scratch, scrape
(formerly of repute
for the cure of skin
A419 diseases)
SCALE set of graduations scla usu. pl. steps , staircase, ladder, f. base
for measuring of scandere = climb
A419 distances
SCAN analyse the metre scandere = climb, measure (verses)
A420 of
SCILICET abbrev. scil., sc. contr. of scre licet = it is permitted to know
that is to say, to
A422 wit
SCOT native of Scotland Scottus
A423
SCRIBE doctor on the scrba = official or public writer, f. scrbere =
A424 Jewish law write, trace characters
SCROFULA disease scrful, dim. f. scrfa = breeding-sow
characterized by (supposed to be subject to the disease)
degeneration of
the lymphatic
A424 glands
SCULPTURE art of carving in sculptra, f. pp. stem of sculpere, var. of
hard material, scalpere = scratch, carve
A425 products of this
SCUTTLE (dial.) cornbasket, scutula or scutella, rel. to scutra = dish,
A425 grain-shovel platter
SEBESTEN plum-like fruit of sebestn Arab . Pers.
A426 the genus Cordia
SECRETARY confidant scrtrius = confidential officer, sb. use of
A426 adj. f. scrtus = secret
SENIOR person superior by senior, compar. of senex = old
reason of age or
A429 station
SENSE meaning, snsus = faculty of feeling, sensibility, mode
signification of feeling, thought, meaning, f. sns-, pp.
A429 stem of sentre = feel
SERPIGO creeping skin f. serpere = crawl
A430 disease
SETON thread, etc. drawn st, -n-, app. f. st = bristle, silk
through a fold of
the skin to
A431 maintain an issue
SHINGLES eruptive disease cingulus, var. of cingulum = girdle
often extending
round the middle
 A435 of the body
SHRINE casket for a dead scrnium = case or chest for books or papers
A437 body, tomb
SISTRUM jingling instrument L. Gr. sestron, f. seein = shake
or rattle used by
A441 ancient Egyptians
SLAV Sclavus, corr. to Gr. Sklbos; later after
A443 Slavus, F., G. Slave
SOCK half-hose soccus Gr. skkhos, sukkhs
A447
SOKE right of local sca OE. scn = attack, resort, right of
juristiction; area of prosecution or jurisdiction, administrative
A448 this district
SOL sun; (alch.) gold sl = sun
A448
SOLITARY slitrius, f. slits = solitariness, f. slus =
A448 sole
SPERM sperma Gr. sprma, -at-, f. base of sperein
A453 = sow
SPIKE ear of corn spca, -us, -um
A453
SPIKENARD spca nard
A453
SPOLIATION spoliti, -n-, f. spolire = spoil
A455
SPONDEE (pros.) metrical spondus Gr. spondeios sb. use of adj. f.
foot of two long spond = libation, the spondee being a foot
syllables characteristic of melodies accompanying
A455 , B482 libations
SPUME foam, froth spma, gen. connected with pmex = pumice
A456
SQUILL (root of) the sea- squilla, var. of scilla Gr. sklla
A457 onion
STACTE fragrant spice of L. Gr. stakt, sb. use of fem. stakts =
the ancients distilling in drops, f. stag-, base of stzein =
A457 flow, drip
STATE solemn pomp; status = manner of standing, condition, f.
A459 estate of the realm base of stre = stand
STATER ancient weight and statr Gr. statr, f. sta-, base of histnai =
A460 coin stand
STAVESACRE plant Delphinium staphisagria Gr. staphis agr = wild raisin,
staphisagria i.e. staphs = raisin, agr, fem. of grios =
A460 wild
STRICTURE (path.) morbid strictra, f. strict-, pp. stem of stringere =
A466 narrowing touch, stroke, blame
STROP (naut.) band of struppus, stroppus
A467 rope, etc.
STUDIOUS studisus, f. studium = study
A467
STUPE piece of steeped stuppa = tow Gr. stpp
 tow, etc. for
fomenting a
A468 wound
STYPTIC having contracting stypticus Gr. stuptiks, f. stphein =
A468 properties contract
STYRAX storax L. Gr. strax
A468
SUBDEACON subdiaconus, subdiacon Gr. hupodikonos
A469
SUBMIT (refl. and intr.) submittere, f. sub- + mittere = send
place oneself
under control; so
A469 trans.
SUBURB suburbium, f. sub- + urbs = city
A470 , B559
SUFFRAGE pl. (intercessory) suffrgium, partly through F. suffrage
A471
prayers
SUPERSCRIBE inscribe on the top superscrbere, f. super- + scrbere = write
A473 or surface of
SUPPLEMENT supplmentum, f. supplre = supply
A473
SUPPRESS put down by force f. suppress-, pp. stem of supprimere, f. sub- +
A474 or authority premere = press
SUSURRATION whispering susurrti, -n-, f. susurrre, f. susurrus =
A475 whisper
SYNOD synodus Gr. snodos = meeting, f. syn- +
A479 hods = way, travel

T
TARTAR deposit of acid tartarum Gr. trtaron
potassium tartrate
adhering to the
sides of wine
A483 casks
TE DEUM opening words of the canticle beginning Te
Deum laudamus = Thee God we praise,
recited mainly at matins in the Western
A484 Church
TEMPER due mixture of f. temperre = mingle, restrain oneself
A485 elements
TEPID tepidus, f. tepre = be warm
A486
TEREBINTH tree Pistacia terebinthus Gr. terbinthos
terebinthus, the
source of
A487 , B522 turpentine
TERNARY threefold, triple ternrius, f. tern = three at a time, three by
A487 three, f. ter = thrice
TERTIAN (of a fever) of tertinus, f. tertius = third
which the
 paroxysms occur
every third day;
A487 sb.
TESTAMENT will disposing of testmentum, f. testr = bear witness, make a
property and will, f. testis = witness
appointing an
A488 executor
TESTER canopy over a bed testerium, testrum, testura, f. Rom. testa =
A488 head
TESTIFY testificre, -r, f. testis = witness
A488
TESTIMONY testimonium, f. testis = witness
A488
TETRARCH ruler of one of tetrarcha, - Gr. tetrrkhs, f. tetra- + -arkhs
four divisions of a = ruling
country,
A488 subordinate ruler
THESIS , PL . (pros.) thesis Gr. thsis = placing, setting, f. the-,
THESES unaccented or base of tithnai = place
unstressed
A490 element
TINCTURE dye, pigment tinctra = dyeing, f. tinct-, pp. stem of tingere
A494 = dye, tinge
TITTLE point of dot over titulus = title
A495 or under a letter
TRACT (liturg.) item tractus, spec. use of tractus, f. pp. stem of
replacing the trahere = draw
Alleluia in the
Mass from
Septuagesima to
A500 Easter Eve
TRADITION that which is trditi, -n-, f. trdere = hand over, deliver,
handed down as f. trans- + dre = give
A500 , B116 belief or practice
TRANSCEND pass (a limit) or tran(s)scendere = climb over, surmount, f.
A501 , B439 the limits of trans- + scandere = climb
TRANSFER convey from transferre, f. trans- + ferre = bear
A501 place to place
TRANSMIGRATION passage from one transmigrti, -n- = change of country, f.
A501 place to another trans- + migrre, prob. based on mei-, change
TRANSMIT send across a transmittere, f. trans- + mittere = send
A502 space
TRANSUBSTAN - change of tran(s)substantiti, -n-, f.
TIATION substance tran(s)substantire
A502
TREPAN (surg.) saw for trepanum Gr. trpanon = borer, f. trupan =
cutting out pieces pierce, bore
A503 of bone
TRIBUNE officer in the tribnus, prob. orig. sb. use of adj. f. tribus =
administration of tribe
 A504 ancient Rome
TRIBUTE tax paid to a tribtum, sb. use of n. of trbtus, pp. of
superior tribuere = assign, allot, grant, prop. to divide
A504 among the tribes, f. tribus = tribe
TRIPARTITE triparttus, f. tri- + pp. of partr = divide, part
A505
TROPIC each of the two tropicus Gr. tropiks = pert. to the turning of
solstitial points the sun at the solstice, fig. f. trop = turning,
putting to flight, defeat, rel. to trpein = turn
A506
TURPETH cathartic drug turbit(h)um, turpetum Pers. , Arab.
A509
TYMPANITES (path.) distension L. Gr. tumpants, f. tmpanon = tympanum
of the abdomen
A511 by gas

U
UNCTION anointing as a rite uncti, -n-, f. unct-, pp. stem of ung(u)ere =
or symbol; anoint
A514 spiritual influence
UNDERWRITE write underneath tr. subscrbere = subscribe, f. sub- + scrbere
A514 = write
URN vessel in which to urna urcn, rel. to urceus = pitcher
preserve the ashes
A517 of the dead
UVULA fleshy part of the vula, dim. of va = grape
A518 soft palate

V
VALVE either of the leaves valva = leaf of a door
A520 of a folding door
VENTRICLE (anat.) any of the ventriculus, dim. of venter = belly
cavities of the
A523 heart, brain, etc.
VENUS (alch.) copper Venus (goddess of the ancient Romans) =
A523 venus, vener- = love
VERSE stanza versus = turn of the plough, furrow, row, line
of writing, verse, f. vers-, pp. stem of vertere
A524 = turn
VESTA (Rom. myth.) L., corr. to Gr. Hest, personification of
goddess of the hest = heart, house, household
A525 household
VICTOR victor, f. vict-, pp. stem of vincere = conquer
A526 , B569
VILLOUS covered with villsus, f. villus = growth of hair
numerous thick-set
stout hairlike
A527 projections
VIRAGO man-like or heroic virg, obscurely f. vir = man
woman, female
 warrior; bold or
A527 violent woman
VIRGO constellation lying L. = virgin
between Leo and
Libra; sixth sign of
A527 the zodiac
VOLUNTARY adj. voluntrius, f. volunts = will, for voluntits
A529
VOMIT sb. vomitus, f. vomere = vomit, rel. to Skr., Gr.
A529 , B574
VULGAR adj. that is in vulgris, f. vulgus, volgus = the common
common or people
A530 ordinary use

7. The Fifteenth Century

A
ABBACY abbcia, var. of abbtia, f. abbt- = abbot
A1
ABBREVIATE f. pp. stem of abbrevire = to shorten, f. ab- =
A1 put for or ad- = to + brevis = short)
ABHOR abhorrre, f. ab- + horrre = shudder
A1
ABJECT pp. rejected; adj. abiectus, pp. of abicere, f. ab- + iacere =
downcast, throw
A1 degraded
ABJURE abiurare = deny, swear away from, f. ab- +
A1 , B242 iurre = swear
ABLATIVE (gram.) of a case ablatvus, f. ab- + ltum, pp. stem of ferre =
expressing carry, take = auferre = to take away
removal, source,
A1 , B1 agent, etc.
ABSORB absorbre = to suck up, f. ab- + sorbre = to
A2 , B2 swallow
ABUT border upon AL. abuttre, f. a- = ad- + butta = strip of
A3 land
ACCEDE accdere, f. ac- + cdere = go
A3
ACCESSARY accessrius, f. access-, pp. stem of accdere
A3 = accede
ACT legislative degree ctus = doing, f. ct-, pp. stem of agere = do
A4
ADDUCE addcere, f. ad- + dcere = lead, bring
A5
ADJACENT adiacns, -ent-, prp. of adiacre, f. ad- +
A5 iacre = lie down
ADJURE charge solemnly adirre, f. ad- + is, ir- = oath
A5
ADMIT allow the truth admittere, f. ad- + mittere = send
A6
ADOPT adoptre = choose for oneself
A6 , B334
ADVERB word that qualifies adverbium, f. ad- + verbum = word
an adjective, a
verb, or another
A6 , B566 adverb
AFFECT aspire to affectre, f. affect-, pp. stem of afficere = act
A7 , B150 upon, influence, f. ad- + facere = do
AGARIC kind of fungus agaricum Gr. agarikn
A8
AGENT agns, agent-, sb. use of prp. of agere = do
A8
AGGREGATE collected into one aggregtus, pp. of aggregre, f. ag- + grex,
body; sb. sum greg- = flock
A8 total, entire mass
AGRICULTURE agricultra
A9 , B6
AGRIMONY plant of the genus agrimnia, misreading for argemnia Gr.
Eupatorium or argemn = poppy, f. rgemon = white spot
Agrimonia on the eye, which the plant was reputed to
A9 cure
ALACRITY alacrits, f. alacer, alacr- = brisk
A10
ALLEVIATE f. pp. stem of allevire, f. al- + levis = light
A11
ALPHABET alphabtum, f. Gr. lpha + beta, first two
letters of the Gr. alphabet taken to repr. the
A12 whole
AMICABLE amcbilis, f. amcus = friend
A14
ANCHORITE , religious recluse an(a)chorta, -rta Gr. anakhrts, f.
-RET occupying a cell anakhrein = retire, retreat
A15
ANGULAR angulris, f. angulus = angle
A16
ANTIMONY antimnium
A18
ANTIPHON antiphna Gr. antphna, n. pl. of
antphnos = responsive, f. anti- + phn =
A18 sound
ANTITHESIS L. Gr. antthesis, f. anti- + tithnai = set,
A18 place
ANUS nus = orig. ring
A18
APERTURE apertra, f. apert-, pp. stem of aperre = open
A19
APPEND appendere, f. ap- + pendre = hang
A20
APPLAUD applaudere, f. ap- + plaudere = clap
A20
APPROXIMATE very near in approximtus, pp. of approximre, f. ap- +
A20 position or nature proximus = nearest
AQUATIC aquticus, f. aqua = water
A21 , B16
ARBITER arbiter = witness, judge, umpire
A21 , B16
ARUM cuckoo-pint, Arum arum Gr. ron
A23 maculatum
ASCRIBE ascrbere, f. ad- + scrbere = write
A24
ASPERITY asperits, -tt-, f. asper = rough
A24
ASPERSE besprinkle f. aspers-, pp. stem of aspergere, f. ad- +
A24 spargere = sprinkle
ASSIMILATE make like; absorb f. pp. stem of assimilre, f. as- + similis =
A25 and incorporate similar (based on IE)
ASSUME take to or upon assmere, f. as- + smere = take
A25 oneself
ASYLUM sanctuary, place of aslum Gr. slon, sb. use of n. of slos =
refuge inviolable, f. a- + sl, sulon = right of
A26 seizure
ATLANTIC Atlanticus Gr. Atlantiks, f. tls, Atlant-,
name of the Titan who was supposed to hold
up the pillar of the universe; also the
mountain in Libya which was held to support
A27 the heavens
ATTRACT f. attract-, pp. stem of attrahere, f. at- +
A28 trahere = draw
ATTRIBUTE attribtum, sb. use of n. pp. of attribuere, f.
A28 , B547 at- + tribuere = allot
ATTRITION rubbing away attrti, -n-, f. attrt-, pp. stem of atterere, f.
A28 at- + terere = rub
AUREATE golden auretus, f. aureus, f. aurum = gold
A28
AURICLE cavity of the heart auricula, dim. of auris = ear
A28

B
BALSAM balsamum Gr. blsamon, perh. of Sem.
A32 orig.
BAWL bark; cry baulre = bark
A35 vociferously
BELLICOSE warlike bellicsus, f. bellicus, f. bellum = war
A38
BINARY bnrius = two together
A41
BITUMEN L.
A42
BREVE (mus.) the brevis = short
shortest note of
A49 the series
BREVIARY book containing brevirium = summary, abridgement, f.
the Divine Office brevire = abridge, abbreviate
A49 for the year
BRITISH pert. to Great based on Britt or OCelt. Britto, Brittos
Britain
A50

C
CALUMNY calumnia = false accusation
A59
CALX powder resulting L. = lime(stone) Gr. khlix = pebble,
from calcination limestone
A59 of a mineral
CANTHARIDES pl. of cantharis Gr. kanthars = blister fly
A61
CARNAL carnlis, f. car, carn- = flesh
A63
CARUCATE as much land as car(r)cta, f. car(r)ca = orig. coach,
can be tilled with chariot, in Gaul applied to the wheel-plough,
one plough in one rel. to carrus = car
A64 year
CASEMENT (archit.) hollow cassimentum = casement (of window)
A64 moulding
CATARACT (pl.) floodgates cataracta Gr. katar(r)hkts = down-rush,
A66 of heaven waterfall, portcullis
CATECHIZE give systematic catchzre Gr. katkhzein, f. katkhein =
oral instruction sound through, instruct orally, f. cata- +
A66 khein = sound
CATHOLIC sb. member of the catholicus Gr. katholiks = general,
Catholic Church universal, f. kat = in respect of + hlos =
A66 whole
CELEBRATE celebrtus, pp. of celebrre, f. celeber,
A68 celebr- = frequented, frequent, renowned
CERE wax-like cra = wax
membrane at the
base of a birds
A68 beak
CERECLOTH waxed cloth used crre, f. cra = wax
 as a winding-
A69 , B80 sheet
CERTIORARI (leg.) writ from a certirre = inform, f. certior, compar. of
higher court for certus = certain
the production of
records from a
A69 lower
CERTITUDE certitd, f. certus = certain
A69
C( H)ALCEDONY precious stone c(h)alcdonius Gr. khalkdn (stone of
A69 Chalcedon)
CINNABAR vermilion cinnabaris Gr. kinnbari
A77
CIRCUMJACENT lying around circumiacent, prp. stem of circumiacre, f.
circum = round + adjacent, f. adiacns, -ent-,
A77 prp. of adiacre, f. ad- + iacre = lie down
CIRCUMLOCUTIO circumlocuti, -n-, lit. rendering of Gr.
N perphrasis = periphrasis
A77 , B272
CIRCUMSCRIBE draw a line circumscrbere, f. circum = around + scrbere
round; describe = write
about another;
A77 delimit
CIRCUMSPECT circumspectus = well considered, considerate,
cautious, pp. of circumspicere = look round,
A77 f. circum = round + specere = look
CIRCUMVENT encompass with circumvent-, pp. stem of circumvenre =
evil or hostility; surround, beset, deceive, f. circum = round +
A77 overreach, outwit venre = come
CIRCUMVOLUTIO revolution, circumvolvere = wind round
N rotation
A77
CLAUSTRAL of a cloister claustrlis, f. claustrum = cloister
A79
CLAVICHORD string-and-key clvichordium, f. clvis = key + chorda =
A79 instrument string, chord
CLEMENT clmns, -ent-, of unknown orig.
A79
CLIENT one for whom an clins, client-, earlier cluns, sb. use of prp. of
A79 advocate pleads cluere, clure = hear, listen
CODICIL supplement to a cdicillus, dim. of cdex, cdic- = block of
A83 will wood, block split into leaves or tablets, book
COGNITION action or faculty cogniti, -n-, f. cognit-, pp. stem of
of knowing cognscere = get to know, investigate, f. co-
A83 + gnscere = know
COMBINE vb. combnre = join two and two, f. com- + bn
A85 , B41 = two together
COMMENT commentary; commentum = invention, interpretation,
explanatory note comment, f. comment-, pp. stem of
comminisc = devise, contrive, f. com- +
 A86 men-, base of mns = mind
COMMINATION threatening of comminati, -n-, f. comminr = menace
punishment or
A86 vengeance
COMMISARY official having commissrius = officer in charge, f.
charge (esp.) of commiss-, pp. stem of committere = commit
A86 supplies
COMMISURE juncture, seam commissra, f. commiss-, pp. stem of
A86 committere = put together
COMMIT perpetrate committere = join, join (battle), practise,
perpetrate, place with another for safety,
A86 entrust, f. com- + mittere = put, send
COMMODIOUS advantageous, commodisus, f. commodus = of due measure,
serviceable convenient, f. com- + modus = measure
A86 , B305
COMMON WEAL , the general good, rendering rs commnis
COMMONWEAL public welfare
A87
COMPEL drive or force compellere, f. com- + pellere = drive
A88 together
CONCAVE concavus, f. con- + cavus = hollow
A89
CONCUR collide, concurrere, f. con- + currere = run
converge; fall
together,
coincide; agree in
A90 action or opinion
CONCUSSION violent agitation concussi, -n-, f. concuss-, pp. stem of
concutere = dash together, shake violently, f.
A90 con- + quatere = shake
CONDENSE increase the condensre, f. condensus = very dense
A90 , B120 density of
CONDIMENT condmentum, f. condre = preserve, pickle,
A90 by-form of condere = preserve
CONDUCE lead condcere = bring together, f. con- + dcere =
A90 lead
CONDUCT guiding, leading; conductus, f. condcere, f. con- + dcere =
A90 management lead
CONFEDERATE sb. accomplice confdertus, f. con- + fder- crude form of
A91 fdus = a treaty
CONFIDE put faith in confdere, f. con- + fdere = trust
A91
CONFLICT conflctus, f. conflct-, pp. stem of conflgere,
A91 f. con- + flgere = strike
CONGRUENT conforming, congruns, -ent-, prp. of congruere = meet
accordant, together, agree, correspond, f. con- + gruere,
A92 agreeable ruere = fall, rush
CONJUNCT coniunctus, pp. of coniungere, f. con- +
A92 iungere = join
CONSCRIPT enrolled or conscriptus, pp. of conscrbere = enrol, f.
 elected as a con- + scrbere = write
A93 senator
CONSECRATE devote to a sacred consecrre, -t-, f. con- + sacrre = dedicate,
A93 purpose f. sacer, sacr- = sacred
CONSTITUTE set up, establish constitt-, pp. of constituere = establish,
A94 appoint, f. con- + statuere = set up
CONSTRICTION compression constricti, -n-, f. constrict-, pp. stem of
A94 constringere = bind tightly together
CONSUL applied to various consul, rel. to consultre (consulere = take
magistrates or counsel)
chiefs officials,
spec. head of a
merchant
company resident
in a foreign
A94 country
CONSUMMATE completed; adj. consummtus, f. consummre, -t-, f. con- +
complete, perfect summa = sum, summus = highest, utmost,
A94 supreme
CONTAMINATE f. pp. stem of contaminre, f. contmen-,-
min- = contact, pollution, for contagment, f.
A94 con- + tangere = touch
CONTENT what is contentum, pl. -ta = things contained, sb. use
contained; of n. of contentus, pp. of continre = contain
containing
A94 capacity or extent
CONTEXT construction, contextus, f. context-, pp. stem of contextere
A95 composition = weave together, f. con- + textere = weave
CONTORT f. contort-, pp. stem of contorqure, f. con- +
A95 torqure = twist
CONTUSE bruise f. conts-, pp. stem of contundere, f. con- +
A96 tundere = beat
CONVALESCE convalscere, f. con- + valscere = grow
A96 strong, f. valre = be strong or well
CONVENE come together convenre = assemble, f. con- + venre =
A96 come
COOP cage for poultry cpa, also cpa = tun, barrel
A96
CORDIAL stimulating to the cordilis, f. cor, cord- = heart
A97 heart; hearty
CORPORATE forming a corportus, pp. of corporre = fashion into or
A98 corporation with a body, collect, f. corpor- = body
CREATE cretus, pp. of crere = bring forth, produce,
A103 cause to grow, prob. rel. to crscere = grow
CRISIS turning-point of a L. Gr. krsis = decision, event, turning-point
A105 disease of a disease, f. krnein = decide
CUBICLE bedchamber cubiculum, f. cubre = recline, lie in bed
A107
CURVE curved curvus, app. rel. to Gr. kurts = curved
A109
CUSTODY safe-keeping custdia, f. custs, custd- = guardian, keeper
A109
CYCLOPS (Gr. myth.) one Cyclps Gr. Kklps = round-eyed, f.
of a race of one- kklos = circle
A110 eyed giants

D
DATIVE appointed by the datvus = pert. to giving, f. dat-, pp. stem of
king or the dare = give
commissary;
(gram.) case
A113 denoting to or for
DEBENTURE voucher for a sum dbentur = are owing or due, 3rd pl. pres.
A114 due ind. pass. of dbre = owe
DEBIT debt dbitum = debt
A114
DECREPIT dcrepitus, f. de- + crepitus, pp. of crepre =
A115 rattle, creak
DEDICATE devote to the f. pp. stem of ddicre = proclaim, devote,
service of a deity consecrate, f. de- + dic-, weak var. of dc- =
A115 say
DEDUCE bring, convey; ddcere, f. de- + dcere = lead
derive; trace the
course of; draw as
A115 a conclusion
DEFALCATE lop off, retrench, f. pp. stem of dfalcre, f. de- + falx, falc- =
A116 deduct sickle, scythe
DEFECT shortcoming, dfectus, f. dfect-, pp. stem of dficere =
A116 deficiency leave, desert, fail, f. de- + facere = make, do
DEGENERATE that has declined dgenertus, pp. of dgenerre = depart from
in character or its race or kind, f. dgener = debased,
A117 qualities ignoble, f. de- + genus, gener- = kind
DEJECT cast down f. diect-, pp. stem of deicere, f. de- + iacere
A117 = throw
DELIBERATE adj. dlbertus, pp. of dlberre, f. de- + lbrre
A117 = weigh, f. lbra = scales
DELUDE dldere = play false, mock, f. de- + ldere =
A117 play, f. ldus = play, game
DEMON inferior divinity, dmn, dmn Gr. damn = divinity,
genius, attendant genius
spirit; evil spirit,
A118 devil
DENSE thick, crowded dnsus
A119 , B120
DENUDE dndre, f. de- + ndre = bare, f. ndus =
A119 nude
DEPONENT (gram.) dpnns, -ent-, prp. of dpnere = lay aside,
put down, deposit, testify, f. de - + pnere =
A119 place, lay
DEPRECIATE lower in value or f. pp. stem of dpretire, f. de- + pretium =
 A120 estimation price
DEROGATE abrogate in part; f. pp. stem of drogre, f. de- + rogre = ask,
detract from, question, propose
disparage; take
A120 away a part from
DESCRIBE dscrbere = write down, copy off, f. de- +
A120 scrbere = write
DESOLATE distitute of life, dsltus, pp. of dslre = abandon, f. de- +
A121 joy, or comfort slus = alone
DESPERATE dsprtus = despaired of, pp. of dsprre =
A121 despair, f. de- + sprre = hope
DESTITUTE devoid of dstittus = forsaken, pp. of dstituere, f. de-
A121 + statuere = set up, place
DESUETUDE dsutd, f. dsuscere, dsut- = disuse,
become unaccustomed, f. de- + suscere = be
A121 , B112 wont
DETECT uncover, expose dtect-, pp. stem of dtegere, f. de- + tegere =
A121 cover
DETRACT f. dtract-, pp. stem of dtrahere = draw off,
A122 take away, disparage, f. de- + trahere = draw
DEVOLVE roll down dvolvere = roll down, f. de- + volvere = roll
A122
DIAPHORETIC sudorific diaphorticus Gr. diaphortiks, f.
diaphrsis = perspiration, f. diaphorein =
throw off by perspiration, f. dia- + phorein =
A123 carry
DIATESSARON medicine of four diatessarn, f. Gr. dia tessrn = through, i.e.
A123 ingredients composed of, four (tssares = four)
DIFFUSE confused, diffssus = extensive, ample, prolix, pp. stem
A124 , B175 indistinct of diffundere = pour out, f. dif- + fundere =
pour
DIGIT any numeral from digitus = finger, toe
A124
0 to 9
DILATORY tending to cause dltrius, f. dltor = delayer, f. dlt-, pp.
A125 delay stem of differre = defer
DIMIDIATION halving dmiditi, -n-, f. dmidit-, pp. stem of
dmidire, f. dmidium = half, f. di- + medius
A125 = middle, mid
DIMITY stout cotton fabric dimitum Gr. dmitos, f. di- + mtos = thread
A125 , B125 of the warp
DIRECT instruct drectus, pp. of drigere, d- = straighten,
direct, guide, f. di-, de- + regere = put
A126 straight, rule
DISCREPANT discrepns, -ant-, prp. of discrepre = be
discordant, f. dis- + crepre = make a noise,
A127 creak
DISCUSS examine by f. discuss-, pp. stem of discutere = dash to
argument pieces, disperse, dispel, in Rom. investigate,
A127 f. dis- + quatere = shake
DISJUNCTIVE disiunctvus, f. disiunct-, pp. stem of
A128 disiungere
DISSIMULATE dissemble f. pp. stem of dissimulre, f. dis- + simulre,
A129 f. similis = similar
DISSIPATE scatter, dispel f. pp. stem of dissipre, f. dis- + supre,
A129 sipre = throw
DISSUADE advise against dissudre, f. dis- + sudre = advise, urge
A129
DISTRIBUTE f. distribt-, pp.stem of distribuere, f. dis- +
A130 tribuere = grant, assign
DIURNAL occupying a day; diurnlis, f. diurnus, f. dis = day
A130 occuring daily
DIVULGE publish abroad dvulgre = make commonly or publicly
known, f. di- + vulgre = publish, propagate,
A131 f. vulgus = common people
DOCILE teachable docilis, f. docre = teach
A131
DUPLICATE adj. duplictus, pp. of duplicre, f. duplus, f. duo
A138 = two + plic- = fold
DURA MATER outermost L. = lit. hard mother, tr. Arab.; so called
envelope of brain because it was thought to be the source of
A138 and spinal cord every other membrane in the body

E
ECCLESIASTIC adj. ecclsiasticus Gr. ekklsiastiks, f.
ekklsiasts = member of the ecclesia or
public assembly of citizens, f. ekklsizein =
hold or summon to an assembly, summon to
church, f. ekkls = assembly, church, f.
ekklts, pp. adj. of ekkalein, f. ek = out, ex-
A141 , B138 + kalein = call, summon
ECLOGUE pastoral dialogue ecloga = short poem Gr. eklog = selection,
esp. of poems, f. eklgein, f. ek = out, ex- +
A141 lgein = choose
EDICT dictum, sb. use of n. pp. of dcere =
A142 proclaim, f. e- + dcere = say, tell
EDIFICATION building dificti, -n-, f. dificre = build
A142
EDUCATE f. pp. stem of ducre, rel. to dcere =
A142 educe
EDUCE lead or draw dcere, f. e- + dcere = lead
A142 forth
EJECT f. iect-, pp. stem of icere, f. e- + iacere =
A143 throw
ELECT chosen, select lectus, pp. of ligere, f. e- + legere = choose
A144
ELEVATE f. pp. stem of levre, f. e- + levre = lighten,
A144 raise, rel. to levis = light
ELOCUTION literary or locti, -n-, f. loct-, pp. stem of loqu =
A145 oratorical style speak out, f. e- + loqu = speak
EMBLEM allegorical emblma = inlaid work, raised ornament
picture Gr. mblma, -at- = insertion, f. embl-,
embllein = throw in, insert, f. em- + bllein
A146 = throw
EMBROCATION fomentation; f. embrocre, f. embroc(h)a Gr. embrokh
liniment = lotion, f. embrkhein = steep, foment, f.
A146 em- + brkhein = wet
EMEND correct mendre, f. e- + menda = fault
A146
EMINENT conspicuous, f. prp. stem of minre, rel. to mns = mount
A146 signal
ENEMA L. Gr. nema, f. eninai = send or put in,
A149 inject, f. en- + hinai = send
EPICENE (gram.) of epicnus Gr. epkoinos, f. epi- + koins =
A152 common gender common
EQUATE average f. pp.stem of qure, f. quus = even
A152
ERUDITE rudtus, pp. of rudre = instruct, f. e- +
A154 rudis = rude
ERUPTION rupti, n-, f. rumpere, rupt- = burst
A154 , B431 forth, f. e- + rumpere = break
ETHIC adj. thicus Gr. thiks, f. ethos = usage,
A156 , B146 character, personal disposition
EUNUCH eunchus Gr. eunoukhos, f. eun = bed; lit.
A157 bedchamber guard
EUPHRASY the plant eye- euphrasia Gr. euphras = cheerfulness, f.
bright euphranein = be cheerful, f. eu- + phrn =
A157 mind
EVACUATE f. pp. stem of vacure, f. e- + vacuus =
A157 empty
EVICT recover (property) f. vict-, pp. stem of vincere = conquer,
obtain by conquering, recover, overcome and
A158 expel, eject judicially, prove
EXALT exaltre, f. ex- + altus = high
A158
EXCEL excellere = be eminent, rise, raise, f. ex- +
cellere, rel. to celsus = high, columna =
A159 column
EXCEPT 1 leave out of f. except-, pp. stem of excipere, f. ex- +
A159 account capere = take
EXCEPT 2 conj. unless exceptus, pp. of excipere, f. ex- + capere =
A159 take
EXCOMMUNICATE f. pp. stem of excommnicre, f. ex- +
commnis = common, after commnicre =
A159 communicate
EXCORIATE remove the skin f. pp. stem of excorire, f. ex- + corium =
A159 from, flay hide
EXCRESCENCE excrscentia, f. prp. of excrscere = grow
A159 out, ex- + crscere = grow
EXEUNT stage direction for L. = they go out, 3rd pers. pl. pres. ind. of
 certain actors to exre = go out
A160 leave the stage
EXHIBIT offer, furnish, f. exhibit-, pp. stem of exhibre, f. ex- +
A160 administer habre = hold
EXORBITANT deviating from the prp. of exorbitre, f. ex- + orbita = orbit
right or normal
A160 path
EXPAND expandere, f. ex- + pandere = spread
A160
EXPEND expendere, f. ex- + pendere = weigh, pay
A161
EXPLAIN unfold (a matter), explnre, f. ex- + plnus = plain
A161 give details of
EXPORT carry away exportre, f. ex- + portre = carry
A161
EXQUISITE ingenious, exqustus, pp. adj. of exqurere = search out,
A162 abstruse, choice f. ex- + qurere = search, seek
EXSICCATE make dry, dry up f. pp. stem of exsiccre, f. ex- + siccre, f.
A162 siccus = dry
EXTINCT that has burned out ex(s)tinctus, pp. of extinguere, f. ex- +
A162 stinguere = quench
EXTOL lift up; praise extollere, f. ex- + tollere = raise
A162 highly, boast of
EXTRACT pp. derived, f. extract-, pp. stem of extrahere, f. ex- +
A162 descended trahere = draw

F
F( A)ECES dregs pl. of fx = dregs
A164
FALLACY deception fallcia, f. fallx, fallc-, f. fallere = deceive
A165
FALLIBLE fallibilis, f. fallere = deceive
A165
FAMILY familia = household, f. famulus = servant
A165
FASCICLE bundle, cluster fasciculus, dim. of fascis = bundle
A166
FASTIDIOUS disdainful, fastdisus, f. fastdium = loathing
A167
scornful
FECULENT turbid, as with fculentus, f. fx, fc- = dregs
A168 dregs
FERMENT leaven; fermentum, f. fervre = boil
A169 , B156 fermentation
FERULE giant fennel ferula
A169
FIGMENT figmentum, f. fig-, base of fingere = fashion
A171
FILIAL flilis, f. flius = son, flia = daughter
A171 , B159
FORK pronged furca = pitchfork, forked stake
instrument for
 A179 eating
FORTALICE fortress, small fortalitia, -itium, f. fortis = strong
A180 outwork
FORUM (Rom. antiq.) forum, rel. to fors = (outside) door
market-place;
spec. in ancient
Rome a place of
assembly for
judicial and other
A180 business
FRANGIBLE frangibilis, f. frangere = break
A181 , B169
FRANKPLEDGE system by which franciplegium, latinization of AN.
each member of a frauncplege, f. franc = frank + plege = pledge
tithing was
responsible for
A181 every other
FRATERNAL frternlis, f. frternus, f. frter = brother
A182
FRIVOLOUS f. frvolus = silly, trifling
A183
FRUSTRATE vb. f. frustrate frustrtus, pp. of frustrre, f.
A184 frustr = in vain, rel. to fraus = fraud
FRY young or frium ON. fro, frj = seed
insignificant
A184 creatures
FULGENT (arch.) glittering fulgns, -ent-, prp. of fulgre = shine
A184
FULMINATE thunder forth; orig. f. pp. stem of fulminre, f. fulmen, -min- =
a rendering of lightning
fulminre, used
spec. of formal
censure by eccl.
A184 authority

G
GENUFLEXION , genuflexi, -n-, f. genuflectere, f. genu =
-FLECTION knee + flectere = bend
A192
GERMANDER germandr(e)a, alt. of gama(n)drea, for
chamedreos Gr. khamadruon, -drs =
ground-oak, f. khama = on the ground + drus
A192 = oak
GESTURE bearing, carriage gestra, f. gest-, pp. stem of gerere = carry
A192
GLADIATOR gladitor, f. gladius = sword
A194
GRATIS for nothing, freely grts, reduction of grtis, abl. pl. of grtia =
A200 favour, grace
H
HABEAS CORPUS (leg.) writ first words of the writ beginning Habeas
requiring a person corpus ad subiiciendum (etc.) = You shall
to be brought produce the body (of the person concerned,
before the court in court) to undergo (what the court may
award) habes, 2nd pers. sg. pres. subj. of
A207 habre = have, corpus = body
HEPATIC pert. to the liver, hpaticus Gr. hpatiks, f. hepar, hpat- =
A214 liver-coloured liver
HEREDITAMENT hrditmentum, f. hrditre, f. hrs,
A215 hrd- = heir
HERMAPHRODITE hermaphrodtus Gr. hermaphrdtos, orig.
proper name of a son of Hermes and
Aphrodite, who grew together with the
nymph Salmacis while bathing in her
fountain and so combined male and female
A215 characters
HISTORY story, tale; historia Gr. histor = learning or knowing
methodical by inquiry, narrative, history, f. hstr =
narrative of knowing, learned, wise man
events, branch of
knowledge
A217 dealing with these

I
IMMACULATE immacultus, f. im- + maculre, f. macula =
A229 spot
IMMUNE free, exempt immnis = exempt from a service or charge,
A229 f. im- + mnis = ready for service
IMPEL impellere, f. im- + pellere = drive
A229
IMPERTURBABLE f. im- + perturbre, f. per- + turbre =
A229 disturb
IMPLEMENT (pl.) equipment, implmenta = (pl.) noun of instrument corr.
outfit to implre = employ, spend
A230
IMPORT carry as its importre = mean, imply
purport, signify,
A230 imply
IMPORTUNATE persistent in asking f. importnus
A230
INCENTIVE that incites to incentvus = that sets the tune, that provokes
action or incites, f. incent-, var. of incant-, f.
A232 incantre, f. in- + cantre = sing
INCLUDE shut in; comprise incldere, f. in- + claudere = shut, close
A232
INCREMENT increase incrmentum, f. stem of incrscere, f. in- +
A232 crscere = grow
INDISCREET without indiscrtus
A233 discernment
INDIVIDUAL indivisible indvidulis, f. indviduus = indivisible,
inseparable, f. in- + dviduus = divisible, f.
A233 dvidere = divide
INDUCE introduce; give indcere, f. in- + dcere = lead
A234 rise to, lead to
INEBRIATE f. inebriate ppl. adj. or pp. of inbrire, f. in-
A234 + brire = intoxicate, f. brius = drunk
INEVITABLE f. in- + vitbilis, f. vtre, f. e- + vtre =
A234 avoid
INFECT imbue esp. f. infect-, pp. stem of inficere = dip in, stain,
injuriously; dye, taint, spoil, f. in- + facere = put, do
A234 stain
INFERIOR lower compar. of inferus = low
A234
INFINITE having no limit or infntus, f. in- + fntus, pp. of fnre = finish
A235 end
INFLECT bend inflectere, f. in- + flectere = bend
A235
INFUSE pour in f. infs-, pp. stem of infundere, f. in- +
A235 fundere = pour
INGREDIENT prp. of ingred = enter, f. in- + grad = step,
A236 go
INGRESS ingressus, f. pp. stem of ingred = enter, f. in-
A236 + grad = step, go
INHIBIT (eccl. law) forbid, f. inhibit-, pp. stem of inhibre = hold in,
A236 interdict hinder, f. in- + habre = have, hold
INNATE inntus, pp. of innsc
A237
INOCULATE set in (a bud or f. pp. stem of inoculre = engraft, implant, f.
scion), bud (a in- + oculus = eye
A237 plant)
INSCRUTABLE inscrtbilis, f. in- + scrtr = search,
A237 examine
INSTINCT impulse instinctus = instigation, impulse, f. instinct-,
pp. stem of instinguere = incite, impel, f. in-
A238 + stinguere = prick
INSTRUCT impart knowledge f. instruct-, pp. stem of instruere = set up, fit
A238 to out, teach, f. in- + struere = pile up, build
INTACT untouched, intactus, f. in- + tctus, pp. of tangere =
A238 unblemished touch
INTEMPERATE intempertus, f. in- + tempertus, pp. of
A238 temperre = mingle, restrain oneself
INTERIOR situated (more) compar. adj. f. inter = within
A239 within
INTERLINE interlnere, inter- + linere, f. lnea = line
A239
INTERROGATE f. pp. stem of interrogre, f. inter- + rogre
A240 = ask
INTERRUPT f. interrupt-, pp. stem of interrumpere, f.
A240 inter- + rumpere = break
INTERVAL space between two intervallum, f. inter- + vallum = rampart,
A240 things orig. palisading f. vallus = rampart
INTONE intonre, f. in- + tonus = tone
A240
INTRICATE intrctus, pp. of intrcre = entangle,
perplex, f. in- + trc = trifles, tricks,
A240 perplexities
INTROMIT intrmittere = introduce, f. intr- + mittere =
A240 send
INTUITION contemplation, intuiti, -n-, f. in- + tuiti, -n- =
A241 view protection, f. tur = look after
INVADE make a hostile invdere, f. in- + vdere = go
A241 attack
INVEIGHT bring in, invehere = carry in, inveh = be borne into,
introduce attack, assail with words, f. in- + vehere =
A241 carry
INVENT come upon, find f. invent-, pp. stem of invenre, f. in- + venre
A241 = come
INVINCIBLE invincibilis, f. in- + vincibilis, f. vincere =
A241 , B570 conquer
INVIOLATE invioltus, f. in- + pp. of violre = violate
A241
IRIS rainbow ris Gr. iris = rainbow, coloured circle, etc.,
iris (plant), female messenger of the gods,
A242 whose sign was a rainbow
IRRATIONAL ir- + ratinlis, f. rati = reason
A242

J
JUDAICAL Idaicus Gr. Ioudaiks, f. Ioudaios = Jew
A249
JURAT municipal official irtus, f. irre = swear
or magistrate in
the Cinque Ports,
the Channel
Islands, and some
A250 French towns, etc.

K
---
L
LABILE lbilis, f. lb = fall
A256
LASCIVIOUS lascvisus, f. lascvia = licentiousness, f.
A259 lascvus = sportive, lustful, wanton
LAUREATE of laurel lauretus, f. laurea = laurel tree, laurel
crown, sb. use of fem. of adj. laureus, f.
A260 laurus
LAX slack, not strict laxus = loose
A261
LEGITIMATE lawfully begotten lgitimtus, pp. of lgitimre = declare to be
lawful, legitimize, f. lgitimus, f. lx, lg- =
A263 law
LENTISK mastic tree lentiscus, prob. of alien orig.
A263
LIBIDINOUS libdinsus, f. libd, -din- = lust
A265
LICIT licitus, pp. of licre = be lawful
A265
LIMB limbo of Hell limbus = hem, selvage, fringe
A266 , B264
LINEAMENT distinctive feature lnementum, f. lnere = make straight, f.
A267 lnea = line
LINIMENT grease linimentum, f. linere = smear, annoint
A267
LONGANIMITY long-suffering longanimits, f. longanimis (f. longus = long,
A271 animus = mind)

M
MACULATE spotted macultus, pp. of maculre, f. macula = spot
A275
MAGMA dregs of a semi- L. Gr. mgma = thick unguent, f. base mag-
A276 liquid substance of mssein = knead
MAGNATE pl. magnts, f. magnus = great
A276
MAGNET magnetic oxide magnta, acc. of magns Gr. mgns, for
A276 of iron ho Mgns lthos = the Magnesian stone
MALTHA kind of cement L. Gr. mltha, mlth = mixture of wax and
A278 pitch
MANSE mansion house mansus, -a,-um = dwelling, house, measure
of land, f. mns, pp. stem of manre =
A280 remain, stay
MARCASITE marcasta Arab. Pers.
A281
MAT piece of material L. matta
laid on a surface
A284 for protection
MATURE fully developed or mtrus = timely, early, f. mtu-, rel. to mne
A285 ripened = early, in the morning
MEDICK plant of the genus mdica Gr. mdik = Median
A287 Medicago
MELLIFLUOUS sweet as if flowing mellifluus, f. mel = honey + flu-, f. fluere =
A288 with honey flow
MEMENTO either of two mement, imper. of meminisse = remember
prayers beginning
with memento =
remember in the
A288 canon of the Mass
MENDICANT sb. beggar pp. of mendcre = beg, f. mendcus =
A289 beggar, f. mendum = fault, blemish
METEOR atmospheric meterum of Gr. metron, sb. use of n. of
phenomenon metros = raised up, lofty, f. met = meta- +
A291 er-, var. of base of aerein = raise
MINIM (mus.) note half ellipt. or absol. uses of minimus, -a, -um =
the value of a least
A294 semibreve
MINUS with the deduction L. = less, n. of minor
A294 of
MINUTE chopped small mintus, pp. of minuere = lessen, diminish
A295
MISSIVE letter m. , (orig. missvus, f. miss-, pp. stem of mittere = let
techn.) letter sent go, send
by a superior
A296 authority
MITIGATE appease; alleviate, f. pp. stem of mtigre, f. mtis = mild, gentle
lessen the violence
A296 or burden of
MITTIMUS (leg.) warrant to L. = we send, the first word of the writ; 1st
the keeper of a pers. pl. pres. ind. of mittere = let go, send
prison to hold the
A297 person sent
MIXTURE mixtra, f. mixt-, pp. stem of miscre =
A297 , B304 mingle, mix
MODICUM moderate amount modicum = little way, short time, n. sg. of
modicus = moderate, f. modus = measure,
A297 mode
MONASTERY monastrium Gr. monastrion, f. monzein
A298 = live alone, f. mnos = alone
MYSTERY trade guild or misterium, contr. of ministerium = ministry,
A307 company by assoc. with mystrium

N
NICENE pert. to Nicaea in Ncnus, Ncnus
Bithynia (coucils
of the Church held
A312 there)

O
OBDURATE obdrtus, pp. of obdrre, f. ob- + drre =
A318 harden
OBLONG oblongus = somewhat long, oblong, elliptical,
A319 f. ob- + longus = long
OBLOQUY obloquium = contradiction, f. ob- + loqu =
A319 speak
OBSEQUIOUS readily compliant obsequisus, f. obsequium, f. obsequ =
A319 comply with, f. ob- + sequ = follow
OMIT omittere, f. ob- + mittere = send, let go
A322
OPAQUE (arch.) dark, dull opcus
A323
OPPUGN assault, besiege oppugnre = fight against, f. op- + pugnre =
A324 fight
ORPHAN (one) deprived of orphanus Gr. orphans, rel. to orbus =
A326 parents bereft, Arm. orb = orphan

P
PAGEANT stage on which AL. pagina
scenes were acted,
esp. in the open-air
performances of
A331 the miracle plays
PALL cloth spread on a pallium = Greek mantle, philosophers cloak,
coffin or hearse;
papal pallium;
mantle of cloud,
A331 mist, smoke
PALPABLE plainly observable palpbilis, f. palpre = touch soothingly
A332
PANIC millet pncum, rel. to pnus = stalk of a panicle
A333
PARADIGM pattern, example paradgma Gr. pardeigma = example, f.
paradeiknnai = show side by side, f. para-
A335 + deiknnai = show
PARLIAMENT parliamentum, based on ME parliment =
talk, conference, deliberative assembly,
A337 Great Council of the realm
PARSIMONY (arch.) care in the parsimnia, f. pars-, pp. stem of parcere =
A338
use of money refrain, spare
PATERFAMILIAS male head of a f. pater = father + arch. g. of familia =
family or family
A340 household
PECULIAR that is ones own pecliris = not held in common with others,
A342 f. peclium = property, f. pecu = herd
PENURY indigence, want; pnria, pnria, perh. rel. to pne = almost
A345
dearth
PERAMBULATION travelling through perambulti, -n-, f. perambulre
a place, tour; spec.
for the purpose of
recording
A354 boundaries
PERMEABLE permebilis, f. permere, f. per- + mere =
A347 pass, go
PERMISSION permissi, -n-, f. pp. stem of permittere =
A347 , B303 surrender, allow, f. per- + mittere = let go
PERMUTE change, permtre, f. per- + mtre = change
A347 transmute
PERQUISITE property acquired perqustum = acquisition, sb. use of n. of pp.
otherwise than by of perqurere = search diligently for, f. per- +
A347 inheritance qurere = seek
PERUSE use up; go AL. persre, persitre = use up, f. per- +
 through so as to sre, sitr = use often, frequent. f. s- =
examine, revise, use
A348 etc.
PICTURE pictorial pictra = painting, f. pict-, pp. stem of
representation; pingere = paint, embroider
individual painting
A352 or drawing
PILE 1 (her.) charge of the plum = javelin
A352 form
PILE 2 haemorrhoid pila = ball
A353
PINE become wasted pna, pna
A353
PIRATE sea-robber prta Gr. peirts, f. peiran = attempt,
attack, peira = attempt, trial, f. per- as in
A354 peril
PISCARY right of fishing piscria = fishing rights, n.pl. use sb. of
A354 piscrius, f. piscis = fish
PLACABLE agreeable plcbilis, f. plcre = be pleasing, pp. stem
A355 , B376 of plct-
PODAGRA gout L. Gr. podgr, f. pos, pod- = foot + gr
A359 = seizure, trap
POLITE polished poltus, pp. of polre = polish
A360
PORRECT (techn.) stretch out f. porrect-, pp. stem of porrigere, f. por- =
A362 pro- + regere = stretch, direct
PORTEND portendere, f. por- = pro- + tendere = stretch
A363
POTENT powerful ptns, -ent-, prp. of potre, posse = be
A364 powerful or able
PRAECIPE (leg.) writ the opening words of the writ, prcipe quod
requiring reddat = enjoin that he render; imper. of
something to be prcipere
A365 done
PRAEMUNIRE (leg.) in full p. prmunre = fortify or protect in front,
pacias = name of a forewarn, admonish
writ derived from
a formula in the
A365 text of it
PRAETOR , U.S. magistrate of prtor, f. pritor = one who goes before, f.
PRETOR ancient Rome pr = pre + pp. stem of re = go
A365 , B235
PRECEPT writ, warrant prceptum = maxim, order, sb. use of n. pp.
of prcipere = take beforehand, warn,
A366 instruct, enjoin, f. pr = pre- + capere = take
PRECINCT space enclosed by prcinctum, also pl. prcincta, sb. uses of n.
boundaries; district pp. of prcingere = gird about, encircle, f.
or province of pr = pre- + cingere = gird
A366 government
PRECONIZE proclaim publicly prcnzre, f. prc, -n- = public crier,
 A366 herald
PRESCRIBE hold by prscrbere, f. pr = pre- + scrbere = write
A368
prescription
PREVAIL be superior, gain prvalre = have greater power
A369 the ascendant
PREVENT act in anticipation f. prvent-, pp. stem of prvenre = precede,
of anticipate, hinder, f. pr = pre- + venre =
A369 come
PRICKET buck in its second AL. prikettus, -um, dim. f. prick
year, having
straight
A369 unbranched horns
PRIMA FACIE prm fci, i.e. abl. of fem. prmus = first,
A369 prime and of facis = face
PRIMARY earliest, original prmrius = chief, principal, f. prmus =
A369 prime
PRIMUM MOBILE supposed L. = first moving thing, n. of prmus = first,
outermost sphere prime and mbilis = mobile
added to the
Ptolemaic system,
carrying with it
other spheres in its
A370 revolution
PRISTINE pert. to the earliest pristinus, f. base of priscus = early, prmus =
A370 period first, prime
PRIVATE not open to the prvtus = withdrawn from public life,
public; not holding peculiar to oneself, sb. man in private life,
a public position prop. pp. of prvre = bereave, deprive, f.
A370 prvus = single, individual, private
PROBATE official proving of probtum = thing proved, sb. use of n. pp. of
A371 a will probre = prove
PRODUCE bring forward prdcere, f. pro- + dcere = lead
A371
PROFUSE liberal to excess prfsus, adj. use of pp. of prfundere =
A372 pour forth, f. pro- + fundere = pour
PROGRESS onward march; prgressus, f. pp. stem of prgred = go
visit of state forward, f. pro- + grad = step, walk, go, f.
A372 gradus = step
PROHIBIT f. prohibit-, pp. stem of prhibre = hold
back, prevent, forbid, f. pr = in front of,
A372 pro- + habre = hold
PROLOCUTOR spokesman of an prloctor = pleader, advocate, agent-noun
A372 assembly of prloqu = speak out
PROLONG extend in duration prlongre, f. pro- + longus = long
A372
PROPEL expel prpellere, f. pro- + pellere = drive
A373
PROPRIETARY adj. proprietrius, f. propriets = property
A374
PROSECUTE follow up, go on f. prsect-, pp. stem of prsequ = pursue,
 A374 with accompany, f. pro- + sequ = follow
PROSODY prosdia = accent of a syllable Gr.
prosid = song sung to music, tone of a
A374 syllable, f. prs = to + id = ode
PROSPECT view afforded by a prspectus = look-out, view, f. prspicere, f.
A374 position pro- + specere = look
PROVIDE (intr.) exercise prvidre = foresee, attend to, f. pro- +
foresight; furnish vidre = see
A375 for use; fit out
PROXY action of a prcrtia, repl. prcrti = procuration
substitute or
A375 deputy
PURPLE sb. purpura Gr. porphr = shellfish that
yielded the Tyrian purple dye, dye itself,
A379 cloth died therewith

Q
QUARRY open-air quarreia, shortened var. of quareria = OF.
excavation from quarriere, f. quarre L. quadrum = square
which stone is
A382 obtained
QUASI as it were reduced form of quansei, f. qum, acc. sg.
A382 fem. of the base of who, what + sei, s = if
QUATERNARY sb. set of four quaternrius, f. quatern = four together, f.
things quater = four times, f. base of quattuor = four
A382
QUIDDITY essence of a thing quiddits, f. quid = what
A383
QUINQUENNIAL lasting five years f. quinquennis, f. quinque- + annus = year
A384
QUITS clear, discharged prob. colloq. use of quittus = quit
A384
QUORUM justice of the g. pl. of qu = who; taken from the wording
peace whose of commissions designation such persons,
presence was quorum vos...duos (etc.) esse volumus = of
necessary on the whom we will that you be...two (etc.)
A385 bench, later gen.
QUOTIENT result obtained by quotins = how many times (f. quot = how
dividing one many), taken as a prp. in ns
quantity by
A385 another

R
RADIANT shining brightly radins, -ant-, prp. of radire = radiate, f.
A386 radius = ray
RAPT carried away by raptus, pp. of rapere = seize
force; carried
A388 away in spirit
RARE not thick or rrus
closely set; few
 and widely
separated; of
A389 unusual merit
RECEDE retire from a place recdere, f. re- + cdere = go, cede
A391
RECLINE lay down reclnre = bend back, lay aside, recline, f.
A392 , B229 re- + clnre = lean
RECOGNITION (Sc. leg.) recogniti, -n-, f. recognit-, pp. stem of
resumption of recognoscere = examine, recognize, f. re- +
lands by a feudal congnoscere = get to know, investigate, f. co-
A392 superior + gnscere = know
RECREATE restore to a good f. pp. stem of recrere, f. re- + crere =
or wholesome create
A393 condition, refresh
REDINTEGRATE restore to f. pp. stem of redintegrre, f. red- +
completeness or integrre = integrate
A394 unity
REDUCE bring or restore to redcere = bring back, restore, replace, f. re-
a condition; bring + dcere = lead, bring
into subjection,
A394 bring down
REFLECT divert, deflect reflectere, f. re- + flectere = bend
A394
REJECT refuse to have, f. reiect-, re- + pp. stem of iacere = throw
A396 recognize, etc.
RELAX loosen relaxre, f. re- + laxus = lax
A396
REMAND send back remandre = send back word, repeat a
command, f. re- + mandre = command,
A397 send word
REMISS diluted, weak, remissus, adj. use of pp. remittere = slacken,
mild; slack, lax, relax, remit
A397 loose
REMOTE remtus, pp. of removre = remove
A398
REPEL repellere, f. re- + pellere = drive
A399
REPOSE replace f. re- + pose, after repnere, re- + ponere =
A399 place
RESOLUTE determine, resoltus, pp. of resolvere, f. re- + solvere =
absolute; of fixed solve
A400 resolve
RESPLENDENT resplendns, -ent-, prp. of resplendre, f. re-
A401 + splendre = shine
RESULT arise as a resultre = spring back, reverberate, re-echo,
consequence or f. re- + saltre = leap
A401 effect
RETRACT draw back f. retract-, pp. stem of retrahere, f. re- +
A402 trahere = draw
REVOLVE turn over in the revolvere, f. re- + volvere = roll, turn
 A403 mind, consider
RITE general use or rtus = (religious) usage
practice, esp. in
A406 , B425 religion
ROGATION (Rom. hist.) rogti, -n-, f. rogre = ask
submission by
consuls, etc. of a
proposed law to
A407 the people
ROSARY rose-garden rosrium = rose-garden, sb. uses of n. and m.
A408 of adj. f. rosa = rose
ROSEMARY evergreen shrub rs marnus = sea-dew; rsmarnum
A408
RUSTIC pert. to the country rsticus, f. rs = country
A411

S
SALINE pert. to salt salnum, f. sl = salt
A411
SANDAL half-shoe for sandalium Gr. sandlion, dim. of sndalon
A416 ceremonial wear = wooden shoe
SAPOR taste sapor, f. sapere = have a taste
A417
SAURIAN pert. to reptiles of f. Sauria, f. Gr. sar, saros = lizard
A418 the order Sauria
SCALE ladder scla usu. pl. steps, staircase, ladder, f. base
A419 of scandere = climb
SCAPULAR monastic garment scapulre, f. scapula = shoulder
covering the
A420 shoulders
SCRIBBLE write carelessly or scrbillre, dim. f. scrbere = write
A424 hastily
SCUTAGE (hist.) tax levied on sctgium, f. sctum = shield
knights fees, esp.
in lieu of military
A425 service
SCUTTLE wide-mouthed scutula or scutella, rel. to scutra = dish,
A425 basket platter
SECLUDE shut off or away scldere, f. se- + claudere = shut
A426
SECRETARY one employed to scrtrius = confidential officer, sb. use of
conduct adj. f. scrtus = secret
correspondence,
A426 keep records, etc.
SEDUM (bot.) genus the L.
British species of
which are known
A427 as stonecrop
SEMINARY seed-plot sminrium, sb. use of n. of sminrius, f.
A428 smen, smin- = seed
SENIOR adj. older, elder senior, compar. of senex = old
A429
SEPARATE vb. f. pp. stem of sparre, f. se- + parre =
A429 make ready, prepare
SESAME E. Indian plant, ssamum, ssamum, ssama, -ima Gr.
A431 Sesamum indicum ssamon, ssm
SHAMBLES (dial.) meat-market scamellum, dim. of scamnum = bench
A433
SINISTER marked by ill- sinister = left
will, suspicion,
dishonesty;
situated on, or
directed to, the left
A440 side
SOLAR slris, f. sl = sun
A448
SOLVE loosen, unbind solvere = unfasten, free, pay, for seluere, f.
A449 se- + luere = pay
SPARTAN native of Sparta Spartnus, f. Sparta (Gr. Spart)
A452
SPERMACETI fatty substance spermact, f. sperma = sperm + ct, g. of
obtained from the ctus Gr. ketos = whale
A453 sperm whale
STANNARY the Stannaries, the stannria n. pl., f. stannum = tin, properly
districts stagnum = alloy of silver and tin
comprising the tin
mines and smelting
works of Cornwall
A459 and Devon
STUDENT studns, -ent-, prp. of studre = be eager or
A467 diligent, study
SUBDIVIDE subdvdere, f. sub- + dvdere = divide
A469
SUBJUGATE f. pp. stem of subiugre, f. sub- + iugum =
A469 yoke
SUBORDINATE adj. subordintus, pp. of subordinre, f. sub- +
A469 ordinre, f. rd, rdin- = order
SUBPOENA (leg.) writ issued sub pn = under penalty, being the first
by a court words of the writ
commanding the
appearance of a
A469 person
SUBSCRIBE write (ones name) subscrbere, f. sub- + scrbere = write
A469 on
SUBSEQUENT subsequns, -ent-, prp. of subsequ, f. sub- +
A469 , B448 sequ = follow
SUCCINT pp. girded, girt succintus, pp. of succingere, f. sub- +
A470 cingere = gird
SUMMARY comprising the summrius, f. summa = sum
chiefs points or
 A472 substance
SUPERFINE extremely subtle superfnus, f. super- + fnus = fine
A473
SUPERFLUOUS f. superfluus, f. super- + fluere = flow
A473
SUPINE adj. lying on ones supnus, f. sup- repr. in super = above,
A473 back superus = higher, superior
SUPPLICATE beg humbly f. pp. stem of supplicre, f. sub- + plic- =
A473 bend
SURREPTITIOUS obtained by f. surrepttius, cius, f. surrept-, pp. stem of
fraudulent surripere = seize secretely, make false
A475 misrepresentation suggestions, f. sub- + rapere = seize
SUSPIRE (arch.) sigh (for) susprre, f. sub- + sprre = breathe
A475
SYMBOL summary of symbolum Gr. smbolon = mark, token,
Christian belief, watchword, f. sym- + bol-, as in bol, blos
A478 creed = a throw
SYRINGE sb. syringa, f. syrinx Gr. surigx = pipe, tube,
A479 channel

T
TAMARISK plant of the genus tamariscus, var. of earlier tamarix
A481 Tamarix
TEDIOUS tdisus, f. tdium = weariness, disgust
A484 , B518
TEGUMENT covering, envelope tegumentum, f. tegere = cover
A485
TEMPER chiefly in various f. temperre = mingle, restrain oneself
senses of
temperament and
A485 temperature
TERRESTRIAL earthly, mundane f. terrestris, f. terra = earth
A487
TERRITORY territrium, f. terra = land
A487
TESTICLE testiculus, dim. of testis = witness (the organ
A488 being evidence of virility)
TEXTURE weaving textra, f. text-, pp. stem of texere = weave
A488
THURIBLE censer t(h)ribulum, f. t(h)s, t(h)r- = incense Gr.
A492 , B531 thos = sacrifice, offering, incense
TINCTURE hue, colour (spec. tinctra = dyeing, f. tinct-, pp. stem of
A494 in her.) tingere = dye, tinge
TINGE impart a slight tingere = dip in liquid, moisten
change of colour
A494 to
TITAN the sun-god Ttan, -n-, elder brother of Kronos Gr.
A495 Ttn, pl. Ttanes
TITTLE smallest part or titulus = title
A495 amount
TRACT tractate, (later) poss. shortening of tracttus = tractate
A500 short pamphlet
TRACTATE tracttus, f. tractre = treat
A500
TRANSCEND rise above, surpass tran(s)scendere = climb over, surmount, f.
A501 , B439 trans- + scandere = climb
TRANSFUSE pour from one transfs-, pp. stem of transfundere, f. trans- +
A501 place to another fundere = pour, melt, found
TRANSPLANT transplantre, f. trans- + plantre, perh. orig.
A502 = thrust in with the sole of the foot (planta)
TRIVIAL pert. to the trivium trivilis, f. tri- + via = way
of medieval
A506 learning
TRUNCATED f. trunctus, f. truncus = trunk
A507
TUN measure of wine, OE. tunne L. tunna
etc. equiv. to 4
A508 hogsheads

U
UNGUENT ointment, salve unguentum, f. unguere = anoint
A515
UNITE trans. make one f. nt-, pp. stem of nre = join together, f.
A515 nus = one

V
VENEREAL pert. to sexual f. venerus, f. venus, vener- = love
desire or
A522 intercourse
VENERY indulgence of veneria, f. venus, vener- = love
A522 sexual desire
VENTILATE blow away f. pp. stem of ventilre = brandish, fan,
winnow, agitate, discuss, air a subject, f.
A523 ventus = wind
VERSUS (leg.) against versus = towards, in the sense of adversus =
A524 against
VICTIM living creature victima, perh. rel to Goth. weihan =
A526offered in sacrifice consecrate
VIDELICET that is to say, vidlicet, f. vid-, stem of vidre = see + licet
A526 namely = it is permissible
VIDIMUS (leg.) copy of a vdimus = we have seen, 1st pers. pl. perf. of
document bearing vidre = see
an attestation that
A526 it is authentic
VINTNER wine merchant AL. vintenrius, var. of vini-, vin(e)trius
AN., OF L. vntrius, -trius, f. vntum
A527 = vineyard, f. vnum = wine
VIOLA violet viola = violet
A527
VIOLATE infringe, f. pp. stem of violre, f. vs, vi- = force
 transgress; ravish,
rape; desecrate,
A527 profane
VISUAL proceeding from vsulis, f. vsus = sight, f. vs
A528 the eye
VULGAR sb. the vernacular vulgris, f. vulgus, volgus = the common
A530 people

W
---

X
---

Y
---

Z
ZEDOARY (root of) species of zedorium Arab. zadwr
A551 Curcuma

8. The Sixteenth Century

A
ABACUS abacus, f. Gr. bax, abak- = table
A1
ABDICATE f. pp. stem of abdicre, f. ab- + dicre =
A1 proclaim
ABDOMEN abdmen = lower part of the belly
A1
ABERRATION aberrti, n, f. aberrre = to wander from,
A1 f. ab- + errre
ABJECT sb. outcast abiectus, pp. of abicere, f. ab- + iacere =
A1 throw
ABORIGINES sg. aborigine 19th aborgins = pl. the first inhabitants of Latin
century and Italy; usu. expl. as f. ab- + origine (abl.
A2 of origo) = from the beginning
ABORTION aborti = an untimely birth, from abortus, pp.
of aborr = to fail, from ab- + orr = to
 A2 grow, arise
ABROGATE f. pp. stem of abrogre, f. ab- + rogre =
A2 propose (a law)
ABRUPT broken away or abruptus, pp. of abrumpere, f. ab- + rumpere
off; sudden = break
A2
ABSCOND abscondere, f. abs- + condere = put together,
A2 stow
ABSTRUSE abstrsus = difficult, concealed, pp. of
abstrdere = thrust away, f. abs- + trdere =
A2 , B232 thrust
ABSURD absurdus
A2 , B504
ABYSS abyssus Gr. bussos = unfathomable
A3
ACCELERATE f. pp. stem of accelerre, f. ac- + celer =
A3 swift
ACCOMMODATE f. pp. stem of accommodre = to fit, suit,
A3 adapt, f. ac- + commodus = fit
ACCUMULATE f. pp. stem of cumulre = to heap up, f. ac- +
A3 cumulus = heap
ACROSTIC acrostichis Gr. akrostikhs, f. kros =
A4 endmost
ACTOR stage-player ctor, f. ct-, f. ctus = doing
A4
ACTUARY registrar cturius = shorthand writer, keeper of
A4 accounts, f. ctus = doing
ACTUATE f. pp. stem of cture, f. ctus, pp. stem of
A4 agere = do
ACUMEN acmen, f. acuere = sharpen
A5
ADDICT devote or apply addictus, pp. of addcere, f. ad- + dcere =
habitually, mainly appoint, allot
A5 in pp. addicted
ADHERE adhrre, f. ad- + hrre = stick
A5 , B213
ADJUNCT adiunctus, -um, pp. of adiungere = adjoin
A5
ADULT adj. adultus, pp. of adolscere = grow up
A6
ADULTERATE commit adultery; f. pp. stem of adulterre = corrupt
debauch; falsify,
A6 debase
ADUMBRATE shadow forth, f. pp. stem of adumbrre, f. ad- + umbra =
A6 prefigure shade, shadow
AERY aerial;etherial erius, f. er = air
A7
AETIOLOGY , U.S. doctrine of cause tiologia Gr. aitiolog, f. ait = cause
ETIOLOGY or causation
 A7
AFFECT have a liking for affectre, f. affect-, pp. stem of afficere = act
A7 , B150 upon, influence, f. ad- + facere = do
AFFECTED sought after, affectus, pp. of afficere = act upon, influence,
cherished; f. ad- + facere = do
assumed; full of
affection; having
disposition or
A7 affection
AFFOREST convert into forest afforestre, f. af- + foresta = forest
A7
AFRICAN adj. fricnus, f. frica, f. fr (sg. fer)
A8
AGGLUTINATE unite as with glue f. pp. stem of agglutinre, f. ag- + glten =
A8 glue
AGGRAVATE burden; add f. pp. stem of aggravre, f. ag- + gravis =
weight or gravity heavy
A8 to
AGITATE f. pp. stem of agitre = move to and fro,
A8 frequent. of agere = do
AGNATE kinsman by the f. agntus, f. ad- + (g)ntus = born
A8 fathers side
ALBUMEN white of egg albmen, f. albus = white
A10
ALECOST the plant f. ale + cost; costum Gr. kstos = plant used
Chrysanthemum as a spice
balsamita,
formerly used for
giving a flavour to
A10 ale
ALGA pl. algae alga = seaweed
A10
ALGEBRA branch of algebra Arab. al-jabr, jabr = reunion of
A10 mathematics broken parts
ALIAS otherwise named alis = at another time, otherwise, f. alius =
A10 other
ALIQUOT aliquot = some several
A11
ALKALI salwort, Salsola L. Arab. al-kily = calcined ashes, f. kal =
A11 kali fry
ALLUDE play upon; refer alldere, f. al- + ldere = play, f. ldus =
A11 to game
ALTERNATE alterntus, pp. of alternre = do things by
turns, f. alternus, f. alter = one or other of
A12 two, second
AMARANTH mythical fadeless amaranthus, alt. after names in -anthus (Gr.
flower; genus of nthos = flower)
A13 ornamental plants
AMATORY amtrius, f. amtor = lover, f. pp. stem of
A13 amre = love
AMBIDEXTER ambidexter, f. ambi-, comb. form of amb =
A13 both + dexter = righ-handed
AMBIENT ambient-, prp. stem of ambre = go round, f.
A13 , B11 amb- + re = go
AMBIGUOUS ambiguus, f. ambigere = go round, f. ambi- +
A13 agere = drive
AMBIT ambitus circuit, f. ambre = go round
A13
AMBROSIA fabled food of the ambrosia Gr. ambros = immortality, elixir
Greek gods of life, mbrotos = immortal
A13
AMERICAN Americnus, f. America, f. L. form, Americus
Vesputius, of the name of the It. navigator
A13 Amerigo Vespucci
ANAPAEST (pros.) foot anapstus Gr. anpaistos = reversed
A15
ANAPHORA (rhet.) repetition L. Gr. anaphor = carrying back, f.
anaphrein = carry up or back, f. an = ana-
A15 + phrein = bear
ANARCHY anarchia Gr. anarkhi, f. an- + arkhs =
A15 leader
ANATHEMA curse, accursed anathema Gr. anthema = accursed thing
A15 thing
ANEMONE genus of plants anemn Gr. anemn, perh. f. nemos =
A16 wind
ANGELICA short for herba angelica = angelic plant
A16
ANGINA quinsy angina = quinsy Gr. agkhn = strangling
A16
ANIMADVERT observe animadvertere, i.e. animum advertere = turn
A16 the mind to
ANIMALCULE tiny animal animalculum, dim. of animal
A17
ANIMATE vb. f. pp. stem of animre = give life to, f. anima
A17 = air, breath, life, soul
ANNO DOMINI abl. of annus = year and gen. of dominus =
A17 lord
ANNULAR ring-shaped, annulris, f. annulus, late form of nulus,
A17 , B14 ringed dim. of nus = ring
ANODYNE (med.) assuaging andynus Gr. andynos = free from pain, f.
A17 pain an- + odn = pain
ANTICIPATE f. pp. stem of anticipre, f. ante- + capere =
A18 take
ANTINOMY contradiction antinomia Gr. antinom, f. anti- + nmos =
A18 law
ANTIRRHINUM L. Gr. antrrhnon, f. ant = counterfeiting,
A18 anti- + rhs, rhn = nose
AORTA L. Gr. aort, f. aerein = raise
A19
APOCOPE (gram.) cutting off L. Gr. apokop, f. apokptein = cut off
 A19the end of a word
APOLOGY defence, apologia Gr. apolog = speech in defence
justification,
acknowledgement
A19 , B269 of offence given
APOSIOPESIS (gram.) sudden L. Gr. aposipesis, f. aposipan = be silent,
breaking-off in the f. apo- + sip = be silent
middle of speech
A19
APOSTROPHE (rhet.) L. Gr. apostroph = turning away
exclamatory
A19 address
APPENDIX pl. ices, ixes appendix, -ic-, f. appendere, f. ap- + pendre
A20 = hang
APPLICABLE compliant applicre , f. ap- + plicre = fold
A20
AQUEDUCT aquductus, i.e. aqu, g. of aqua = water,
A21 ductus = conveyance
ARCADIAN f. Arcadius, f. Gr. Arkad district in the
A21 Peloponnese
ARCANA mysterious secrets n. pl. of arcnus = hidden, secret, f. arca =
A21 chest
ARDUOUS difficult, laborious f. arduus = high, steep, difficult
A22, C48
AREA clear open space; rea = vacant piece of ground
A22 superficial extent
ARSY -VERSY back-foremost, f. arse + versus = turned, f. vertere = turn
A23 upside-down
ARTHRITIS inflammation of a arthrtis Gr. arthritis, f. rthron = joint
A23 joint
ARTICULATE adj. articultus = joined, pp. of articulre, f.
articulus, dim. of artus = joint, f. base ar- =
A23 join
ASPARAGUS L. Gr. aspragos
A24
ASPHODEL liliaceous plant asphodelus Gr. asphdelos
A24
ASSEVERATION assevrti, -n-, f. assevrre, f. as- +
A25 sevrus = grave, severe
ASSIDUOUS assiduus, f. assidre = attend or apply oneself
A25 to
ASSOCIATE sb. companion, associtus, pp. of associre, f. as- + socius =
A25colleague sharing, allied
ASSUME claim, take for assmere, f. as- + smere = take
A25 granted
ASTRINGENT causing astringns, -ent-, f. astringere, f. ad- +
contraction of stringere = bind, draw tight
A26 , B22 bodily tissues
ASYNDETON (gram.) L. Gr. asndeton, n. of asndetos =
construction in unconnected
 which a
conjunctive
A26 element is omitted
ATOMY (arch.) atom, tiny prob. f. atom, pl. of atomus Gr. tomos, f.
A27 being a- + tomos = cutting
ATTENUATE f. pp. stem of attenure, f. at- + tenure, f.
A27 tenuis = thin
ATTIC of Attica, Atticus Gr. Attiks
A27 Athenian
AUCTION aucti, -n-, f. auct-, pp. stem of augre =
A28 increase
AUDACIOUS audx, audc-, f. audre = dare
A28
AUDIBLE audbilis, f. audre = hear
A28
AVERSE opposed, versus, pp. of vertere, f. -, ab- + vertere =
A29 disinclined turn
AVIARY avirium, f. avis = bird
A29

B
BACCHANAL pert. to Bacchus baccnlis, f. Bacchus Gr. Bkkhos = god
A31 of wine
BALLISTA ancient missile L., f. Gr. bllein = throw
A32 engine
BARNACLE marine bernaca, -eca
A34 crustacean
BASILICA L. Gr. basilik, sb. use of fem. of basiliks
A34 = royal, f. basiles = king
BASILISK large cannon basiliscus Gr. basilskos, dim. of basiles =
A34 king
BATTELS (pl.) college batill
account at Oxford
A35 for board etc.
BELLIGERENT waging war belligerant-, prp. stem of belligerre, f.
A38 bellum = war + gerere = carry
BIB sb. cloth to bibere = drink
protect the front
A40 of a childs dress
BINOMIAL (math.) having binmius, f. bi- + nmen = name
A41 , B324 two terms
BISSEXTILE leap(-year) bis(s)extilis (sc. annus = year) = year of the
bissextus intercalary day inserted in the
Julian calendar every fourth year after the
sixth day before the calends of March (24
A41 Feb.), f. bis = twice + sextus = sixth
BONA FIDE L. = with good faith, abl. of bona fem. of
A45 bonus = good + abl. of fds = faith
BREVIARY epitome brevirium = summary, abridgement, f.
A49 brevire = abridge, abbreviate
BRIONY climbing plant of brynia Gr. brun
A52 genus Bryonia
BUCKTHORN shrub Rhamnus tr. L. cervi spina = stags horn
A52 catharticus
BUCOLIC pastoral, rustic; bcolicus Gr. boukoliks, f. bouklos =
sb. pl. pastoral herdsman, f. bous = ox
A52 poems
BULB onion bulbus = Gr. blbos = onion, bulbous root
A53

C
CADAVER cadver, prop. = fallen thing, f. cadere = fall
A57
C( A)ESURA (pros.) division of csra = lit. cutting, f. cs-, pp. stem of
a foot between cdere = cut
A58 two words
CALAMARY squid, pen-fish calamrium = pen-case, n. of calamrius, f.
A58 calamus = pen Gr. klamos
CALCULATE f. pp. stem of calculre, f. calculus = stone,
A58 pebble
CALLOUS hardened callsus, f. callus = hardened skin
A59
CAMP place where campus = level field, place for games and
troops are lodged military exercises, field of battle
B65 in tents
CANON (mus.) cann Gr. kann = rule
A61
CANT (sl.) speak, talk, cantre = sing
esp. in the
whining fashion
A61 of beggars
CANTOR L. = singer, f. canere, cant-
A61
CAPITULATE specify as under f. pp. of capitulre = draw up under distinct
heads; propose heads, f. capitulum = head of a discourse
terms, make
A62 terms about
CAPTIVATE make captive, pp. stem of captivre, f. captvus, f. capt-, pp.
A62 capture, enthral stem of capere = take
CARTHUSIAN one of an order of Carthusinus, f. Chart(h)sia = Chartreuse,
monks founded near Grenoble, France
by St. Bruno in
A64 1084
C( H)ARTULARY place where c(h)artulrium, f. c(h)artula, dim. of c(h)arta
records are kept; = paper
collection or
register of
A64 records
CASEMENT (archit.) window cassimentum = casement (of window)
frame opening on
 A64 hinges
CASSIA kind of cinnamon cas(s)ia Gr. kas Heb. = bark resembling
A65 cinnamon
CATACHRESIS improper use (of catachrsis Gr. katkhrsis, f. katakhresthai
A65 word) = use amiss, f. cata- + khresthai = use
CATAMITE sodomites catamtus (through Etruscan catmite) Gr.
A66 subject Ganumds = Ganymede, cup-bearer of Zeus
CATAMOUNTAIN leopard, panther, cat of the mountain first used to render
A66 etc. pardus, Gr. prdos = pard
CATAPULT (mil.) missile catapulta Gr. kataplts, f. cata- + pel-, var.
A66 , B76 engine base of pllein = hurl
CATARACT waterspouts; cataracta Gr. katar(r)hkts = down-rush,
(sg.) waterfall; waterfall, portcullis
opacity of the
A66 lens of the eye
CAVEAT 3rd sing. pres. subj. of cavre = beware
A67
CECITY blindness ccits, f. ccus = blind
A67
CENSOR supervisor of cnsor, f. cnsere = pronounce as an opinion,
A68 morals assess, judge
CENTENARY sb. 100 pounds centnrius containing a hundred, f. centn
A68 = hudred each, f. centum = hundred
CENTURY group of 100 centuria = assemblage of 100 things, division
A68 of the Roman army, f. centum = hundred
CHART charta Gr. khrts, perh. of Egypt. origin
A71
CHEST thorax cista Gr. kst = box, chest
A73
CHILIAD 1,000 esp. 1,000 chlis, -d- Gr. khlis, -ad-, f. khlioi =
A74 years 1,000
CHIM( A)ERA (Gr. myth.) fire- chimra Gr. khmaira = she-goat, monster,
breating monster; f. khmaros = he-goat
horrible
phantasm; wild
A74 fancy
CHIME set of bells or of cymbalum = cymbal
sounds produced
A74 by them
CHORAL pert. to a choir chorlis Gr. khors = dance, band of
A75 dancers, choir
CHORD tendon; line chorda
joining
extremities of an
arc; string of
musical
A75 instrument
CHORUS in Greek drama L. Gr. khors = dance, band of dancers,
and dramatic choir
pieces modelled
 A75 thereon
CINCTURE girding cinctra, f. cinct-, pp. stem of cingere = gird
A77
CINERARIA genus of fem. of cinerrius, f. cinis, ciner- = ashes
A77 composite plants
CINNABAR red sulphide of cinnabaris Gr. kinnbari
A77 mercury
CIRCUMFLEX circumflexus, pp. of circumflectere = bend
round, tr. Gr. perispmenos = drawn round, f.
A77 per = around + span = draw
CIRCUMVOLUTIO winding or circumvolvere = wind round
N rolling round
A77
CIRCUS building circus = circle, circus = Gr. krkos, krkos =
surrounded with ring, circle
rising tiers of
A77 seats
CITHERN , instrument of the cithara Gr. kithr, crossed with gittern
CITTERN guitar kind
A78
CLANG imit. formation parallel to (O)HG. klang
A78 partly clangere = resound
CLANGO (U) R clangor, f. clangere = resound
A78
CLARITY lustre, splendour clrits, f. clrus = clear
A78
CLEMATIS clmatis Gr. klmats, f. klema = vine-
A79 branch
CLERK lay officer of a clricus = cleric
church; one
having charge of
records,
correspondence,
A79 or accounts
CLIMAX (rhet.) ascending clmax Gr. klmax = ladder
series of
A80 expressions
CLIME (now arch.) clma, clmat- Gr. klma, klmat-, f. klnein =
A80 slope
COALESCE coalscere, f. co- + alscere = grow up, f.
A81 alere = nourish
COHABIT cohabitre, f. co- + habitre = live
A83
CO- HEIR cohrs, f. co- + hrs = heir
A83
COHERE cohrre, f. co- + hrre = stick
A83
COITION conjunction coiti, -n-, f. coit-, pp. stem of core, f. co- +
A84 re = go
COLCHICUM genus of plants L. Gr. kolkhkn, sb. use of n. of Kolkhiks
pert. to Colchis, ancient name of a region
 A84 east of the Black Sea
COLLATE confer f. collt-, stem of the form used as pp. of
A84 conferre = confer
COLLIGATE bind together f. pp. stem of colligre, f. col- + ligre = bind
A84
COLLOCATE place side by side collocre, -t-, f. col- + locre = place
A84
COLLOQUY conversation colloquium, f. col- + loqu = speak
A84
COLON member of a clon Gr. kolon = limb, clause
sentence; the
A85 punctuation mark
COLONY colnia = farm, landed estate, settlement, f.
colnus = cultivator, settler, f. colere =
A85 cultivate
COLUMBRINE snake-like columbrnus, f. coluber = snake
A85
COLURE each of the great colr pl. Gr. klourai, pl. of klouros =
circles truncated, f. klos = docked + our = tail
intersecting at
right angles at the
A85 poles
COMIC pert. to comedy cmicus Gr. kmiks, f. komos = revel
A86
COMITY courtesy cmits, f. cmis = courteous
A86
COMMA phrase smaller L. Gr. kmma = piece cut off, short clause,
than a colon; the f. kop-, stem of kptein = strike, cut
punctuation
mark; minute
A86 interval
COMMEMORATE f. pp. stem of commemorre, f. com- +
A86 memorre = relate, f. memor = mindful
COMMENSURABLE commensurbilis, f. com- + mensurbilis =
A86 measurable
COMMODIOUS conveniently commodisus, f. commodus = of due measure,
roomy convenient, f. com- + modus = measure
A86 , B305
COMMONPLACE passage of tr. locus commnis, tr. Gr. koinos tpos
general
application,
leading text,
theme; notable
passage stored up
for use in a book
of common
places or
commonplace
book; ordinary
topic, stock
 A87 theme or subject
COMMUNICATE give a share of, f. pp. stem of commnicre, f. commnis =
share in; receive, common
administer Holy
Communion;
hold intercourse
A87 with
COMPACT convenant, compactum, sb. use of n. of pp. of compasc =
A87 contract make an agreement
COMPLEMENT something which complmentum, f. complre = fill up, finish,
completes a fulfil, f. com- + plnus = full
whole; adjunct,
personal
accomplishment;
observance of
ceremony, tribute
A88 of courtesy
COMPORT bear, endure; comportre, f. com- + portre = carry, bear
A88 agree with
COMPURGATOR witness who compurgtor, f. com- + purgtor = purger
swears to the
credibility of an
accused person
when he purges
A89 himself by oath
CONCATENATE link together f. pp. stem of concatnre, f. con- + catna =
A89 chain
CONCH shell(-fish) concha = bivalve, mussel, pearl oyster
A90
CONCILIATE gain goodwill of, f. pp. stem of concilire = unite, procure, win,
win over; f. concilium = council
A90 reconcile
CONCINNITY congruity; concinnits, f. concinnus = skillfully put
elegance of together, elegant, neat
A90 literary style
CONCOCT digest (food) concot-, pp. stem of concoquere = digest, etc.,
f. con- + coquere = cook, f. coquus = cook
A90
CONCUSSION injury due to the concussi, -n-, f. conduss-, pp. stem of
shock of a blow concutere = dash together, shake violently, f.
A90 con- + quatere = shake
CONDOLE sorrow greatly; condolre, f. con- + dolre = suffer pain,
trans. grieve grieve
with or over
A90
CONDUCE engage, hire; condcere = bring together, f. con- + dcere =
contribute, lead lead
A90 or tend to
CONFEDERATE ally confdertus, f. con- + fder- crude form of
A91 fdus = a treaty
CONFER bring together, conferre, f. con- + ferre = bring, bear
collect; compare,
collate; converse,
take counsel;
A91 bestow
CONFIGURATION (astron.) relative configrti, -n-, f. configrre = fashion
A91 position after a pattern
CONFISCATE appropriate to the confiscre, -t-, f. con- + fiscus = chest,
A91 public treasury treasury
CONFLAGLATION consumption by conflagrti, -n-, f. conflagrre = burn up
A91 fire; great fire
CONFLUENCE flowing together, confluentia, f. confluns, -ent-, prp. of
junction of confluere, f. con- + flure = flow
A91 streams
CONFUSED thrown into confsus, pp. of confundere = put together
A91 disorder, mixed
CONFUTE prove to be conftre = check, restrain, answer
wrong or false conclusively, f. con- + ft as in reftre =
A92 refute
CONGLOMERATE massed together conglomertus, pp. of conglomerre, f. con-
A92 + glomus, glomer- = ball
CONGRATULATE f. pp. stem of congrtulr, f. con- +
A92 grtulr = manifest ones joy, f. grtus =
pleasing
CONGREGATION in N.T. body of congregti, -n-, f. congregre
Christians; body
assembled for
A92 , B195 worship
CONGRESS meeting, congressus, f. congress-, pp. stem of congred
assembly = go together, meet, f. con- + grad = step,
A92 walk
CONJUGAL coniuglis, f. coniu(n)x, coniug- = spouse, f.
A92 con- + iungere = join
CONSECRATE dedicate consecrre, -t-, f. con- + sacrre = dedicate,
A93 f. sacer, sacr- = sacred
CONSECUTION logical sequence consecti, -n-, f. consequ, consect- =
A93 follow closely
CONSIST consistere = stand still, remain firm, exist, f.
A93 con- + sistere = place, stand firm or still
CONSOLIDATE f. pp. stem of consolidre, f. con- + solidre,
A93 f. solidus = solid
CONSPICUOUS conspicuus, f. conspicere = look attentively, f.
A93 con- + specere = look
CONSTIPATE pack or bind f. pp. stem of constpre, f. con- + stpre =
close together; press, cram
confine the
A94 bowels
CONSTITUTE make up, form constitt-, pp. of constituere = establish,
A94 appoint, f. con- + statuere = set up
CONSUL representative consul; related to consultre (consulere =
agent of a state in take counsel)
commercial
relations with a
A94 foreign country
CONTEMPLATE f. comtemplr, -t-, f. con- + templum = open
A94 space for observation
CONTEST bear witness to contestr = call to witness, introduce by
calling witnesses, set on foot, f. con- + testr
A94 = bear witness
CONTEXT connected contextus, f. context-, pp. stem of contextere
structure of a = weave together, f. con- + textere = weave
composition or
passage, parts
immediately
before and after a
A95 given passage
CONTINGENT dependent upon contingns, -ent-, prp. of contingere = be
or subject to contiguous, in connection or in contact, befall
condition; sb.
accident,
A95 possibility
CONTRADICT contrdict-, pp. stem of contrdcere, orig.
A95 contr dcere = speak against
CONTRAVENE contravenre, i.e. contr = against + venre =
A95 come
CONTRIBUTE f. contribt-, pp. stem of contribuere = bring
A95 together, f. con- + tribuere = bestow
CONUNDRUM whim, crotchet prob. based on some L. formula (involving
A96 quoniam or quin)
CONVENE call together convenre = assemble, f. con- + venre =
A96 come
CONVENTICLE meeting or conventiculum = (place of) assembly, in form
meeting-place of dim. of conventus = meeting
Protestant
A96 Dissenters
CONVERSE proposition or conversus, pp. of convertere, f. con- + vertere
relation turned = turn
round or upside
A96 down
CONVEX convexus = vaulted, arched
A96
CONVINCE overcome in convincere = convict of error, prove clearly, f.
argument; con- + vincere = overcome
A96 convict; prove
COOP place of cpa; also cpa = tun, barrel
A96 confinement
CORNUCOPIA corncpia, earlier corn cpi = horn of
plenty, the horn of the goat Amalthea placed
in heaven, emblem of fruitfulness and
 abundance
A98
CORONA member of a corna = crown
A98
cornice
CORROBORATE strengthen, f. pp. stem of corrborre, f. cor- + rborre
A99 confirm = strengthen, f. rbur = strength
COWL hood of the habit cuculla, f. cucullus = hood of a cloak
A101 or of a cloak
CRANIUM crnium Gr. krnon, rel. to kr = head
A102
CRAPULOUS grossly excessive crpulsus, f. crpula = introxication Gr.
A103 in drink or food kraipl = result of a drunken debauch
CRASS coarse, gross crassus = solid, thick fat
A103
CRISP brittle but hard or crispus = curled
A105 firm
CRITIC criticus Gr. kritiks, sb. use of adj. f. krits
A105 = judge
CRUCIFER cross-bearer f. crux, cruc- = cross
A106
CRUDE ill-digested, not crdus = raw, rough, cruel
A106 matured
CRURAL pert. to the leg crrlis, f. crs, crr- = leg
A106
CUMULATE f. pp. stem of cumulre, f. cumulus = heap
A108
CURATE assistant to a crtus, f. cra = cure
A108 parish priest
CURIA (Rom. antiq.) cria = division of the Roman people, its
A108 place of assembly, senate
CUSP (astrol.) entrance cuspis, -id- = point, pointed weapon
A109 of a house
CUSTODY the keeping of an custdia, f. custs, custd- = guardian, keeper
officer of justice;
A109 imprisonment
CUTANEOUS cutneus, f. cutis = skin
A110
CYCLAMEN cyclamen, for cyclamnos, -on- Gr.
kuklmnos, perh. f. kklos = circle,cycle,
A110 with rel. to its bulbous roots
CYLINDER cylindrus Gr. klindros = roller, f. kulndein
A110 = roll
CYNIC sect of ascetic cynicus Gr. kuniks = dog-like, churlish,
philosophers in Cynic, f. kn, kun- = dog
ancient Greece;
A110 sneering critic

D
DECORATE adorn f. decorate pp. or its source decortus, -re =
beautify, f. decus, decor-, rel. to decns,
 A115 decent-, pp. of decre = be fitting
DEDICATE assign to an end or f. pp. stem of ddicre = proclaim, devote,
purpose consecrate, f. de- + dic-, weak var. of dc =
A115 say
DEDUCE deduct ddcere, f. de- + dcere = lead
A115
DEFECATE clear from dfctus, -re, f. de- + fx, fces = dregs
A116 impurities
DEFICIENT wanting in dficins, -ent-, prp. of dficere = undo, take
A116 something oneself away, fail, f. de- + facere = make, do
DEFUNCT dfunctus = discharged, deceased, pp. of
dfung = discharge, perform, finish, f. de- +
A117 fung = perform
DEJECT depress in spirits f. diect-, pp. stem of deicere, f. de- + iacere
A117 = throw
DELICATE fine, not coarse or dlictus = luxurious, rel. to delicia =
robust pleasure, delight, f. delicere = amuse, allure,
A117 , B119 f. de- + lacere = entice
DELINEATE f. pp. stem of dlnere, f. de- + lnea = line
A117
DELIRIUM dlrium, f. dlrre = deviate from a straight
line, be deranged, f. de- + lra = ridge
A117 between furrows
DEMENTED f. dmenttus, pp. of dmentre, f. dmns,
A118 -ent-, f. de- + mns, ment- = mind
DEMOSTRATE indicate, exhibit; f. pp. stem of dmonstrre, f. de- +
make evident by monstrre = show
A118 proof
DENARIUS ancient Roman ellipt. for dnrius nummus = coin containing
A118 coin ten asses, f. dn = by tens, distributive of ten
DENIGRATE blacken, lit. and pp. stem of dnigrre, f. de- + nigrre, f.
A119 fig. niger, nigr- = black
DENOMINATE f. pp. stem of dnminre, f. de- + nominre,
A119 f. nmen, nmin- = name
DENTAL dentlis, f. dns, dent- = tooth
A119
DENUNCIATE denounce f. pp. stem of dnuntire = denounce
A119
DEPILATE remove hair from f. pp. stem of dpilre, f. de- + pilre =
A119 deprive of hair
DEPONENT one who makes a dpnns, -ent-, prp. of dpnere = lay aside,
deposition put down, deposit, testify, f. de - + pnere =
A119 place, lay
DEPOPULATE lay waste; f. pp. stem of dpopulre, -r, = ravage, f.
deprive of de- + populre, -r = lay waste
A119 population
DERIDE drdre, f. de- + rdere = laugh
A120
DESICCATE f. pp. stem of dsiccre, f. de- + sccre =
A121 make dry, f. siccus = dry
DESULTORY shifting from one dsultrius = pert. to a vaulter, superficial, f.
place or thing to dsultor, f. dsult-, pp. stem of dsilre = leap
A121 another down, f. de- + salre = leap
DETECT expose the secrecy dtect-, pp. stem of dtegere, f. de- + tegere =
A121 of cover
DETER dterrre, f. de- + terrre = frighten
A122
DETERIORATE make worse f. pp. stem of dterirre, f. dterior = worse
A122
DETEST excrate; have dtestr = denounce, renounce, f. de- +
abhorrence of testr = bear witness, call to witness, f. testis
A122 = witness
DEVIOUS lying out of the dvius, f. de- + via = way
A122 way
DEVOLVE pass or cause to dvolvere, f. de- + volvere = roll
pass to or fall upon
A122 another
DEVOTE f. dvt-, pp. stem of dvovre, f. de- +
A122 vovre = vow
DEXTER (her.) right-hand dexter, compar. formation, f. IE. base
A122
DIABETES disease marked by diabts Gr. diabts, f. diabanenin = go
immoderate through
discharge of urine
A123 containing glucose
DIAGONAL diagnlis, f. Gr. diagnios, f. dia- + gn =
A123 angle
DIALYSIS statement of L Gr. dilusis, f. dialein = part asunder, f.
disjunctive dia- + lein = set free
propositions,
A123 asyndeton
DIAPASON (mus.) harmonious diapsn Gr. diapson, i.e. dia pson =
or melodious through all (the notes)
succession of
notes or parts;
foundation stop in
A123 an organ
DIARRHOEA L. Gr. dirrhoia, f. diarrhein = flow
A123 through, f. dia- + rhein = flow
DIARY dirium = daily allowance, journal, in form
A123 sb. use of n. of dirius = daily, f. dis = day
DIASTOLE (physiol.) L. Gr. diastol = separation, expansion, f.
A123 dilatation diastllein, f. dia- + stllein = place
DICTIONARY dictinrium, -us, f. dicti = phrase, word
A124
DIGIT one twelfth of the digitus = finger, toe
diameter of sun or
A124 moon
DIGRESS f. dgress-, pp. stem of dgred, f. di- + grad
A125 = step, walk, f. gradus = step
DILAPIDATE f. pp. stem of dlapidre, f. di- + lapis, lapid-
A125 = stone
DILEMMA form of argument L . Gr. dlmma, f. di- + lemma =
involving the assumption, premiss
opponent in the
choice of
alternatives;
choice between
two equally
unfavourable
A125 alternatives
DILUTE f. dlt-, pp. stem of dluere = wash away,
dissolve, f. di- + luere comb. form of
A125 lavre = wash, lave
DIRE drus, rel. to Gr. dedein = to fear
A126
DIRGE song of mourning imper. of drigere = direct; ME. dirige, the
first word of the L. antiphon to the first psalm
in the office: Dirige, Domine, Deus meus, in
conspectu tuo viam meam = Direct, O Lord
A126 my God, my way in thy sight
DIRIGIBLE that can be f. drigere = = straighten, direct, guide, f. di-
A126 directed or steered + regere = rule, put straight
DISCOURSE conversation, talk; discursus = running to and fro, intercourse,
treatment of a argument, f. discurs-, pp. stem of discurrere
subject; course = run to and fro, speak at lenght, f. dis- +
A127 currere = run
DISCURSIVE passing rapidly discursvus, f. discurs-, pp. stem of
from one thing to discurrere = run to and from, speak at length,
A127 another f. dis- + currere = run
DISSIDENT at variance dissidns, -ent-, prp. of dissidre = dissagree,
A129 , B445 f. dis- + sedre = sit
DISSIMULATE pretend not to see f. pp. stem of dissimulre, f. dis- + simulre,
A129 f. similis = similar
DISSUADE seek to divert from dissudre, f. dis- + sudre = advise, urge
A129
DISTICH pair of verse lines distichon Gr. dstikhon, sb. use of n. of
dstikhos = of two rows or verses, f. di- +
A129 stkhos = stich
DISTORT f. distort-, pp. stem of distorqure, f. dis- +
A129 torqure = twist
DIVAGATION f. dvagr, -t-, f. di- + vagr = wander
A130
DOME (arch.) house, domus = house
A132 mansion
DUBIOUS dubisus, f. dubium = doubt, sb. use of n. of
A137 dubius = doubtful, obscurely f. duo = two
DUPLE duplus, f. duo = two + plic- = fold
A138
DUPLICATE sb. duplictus, pp. of duplicre, f. duplus, f. duo
 A138 = two + plic- = fold

E
EBULLIENT boiling, bubbling bullins, -ent-, prp. of bullre, f. e- + bullre
A141 over = boil
ECHINUS (arch.) ovolo L.- Gr. ekhinos = hedgehod, sea-urchin
moulding next
A141 below the abacus
ECUMENICAL pert. to the f. cumenicus Gr. oikoumeniks, f. h
universal church oikoumn = the inhabited world, pp. fem. of
A141 oikein = inhabit, f. oikos = house
EDEN delightful abode, den, Gr. den Heb. dhen = delight
A142 paradise
EFFICACIOUS f. efficx, -c-, f. efficere= = work out, f. ef- +
A143 fic-, facere = make, do
EGREGIOUS eminen; gross, f. gregius = surpassing, illustrious, f. e- +
A143 flagrant grex, greg- = flock
EGRESS going out gressus, f. gress-, pp. stem of gred, f. e- +
A143 grad = step
EJACULATE eject (fluid) f. pp. stem of iaculr, f. e- + iaculr = dart,
A143 f. iaculum = dart, javelin, f. iacere = throw
ELABORATE produced by labrtus, pp. of labrre, f. e- + labor =
A143 labour labour
ELATE elevate f. lt-, pp. stem of efferre. ef- + ferre = bear
A143
ELECT theol. lectus, pp. of ligere, f. e- + legere = choose
A144
ELIDE annihilate; annul ldere, f. e- + ldere = injure, harm
A144
ELIMINATE f. pp. stem of lminre = thrust out of doors,
A144 expel, f. e- + lmen, lmin- = threshold
ELLIPSIS ellipse ellpsis Gr. lleipsis = defect, ellipse,
grammatical ellipsis, f. ellepein = leave out,
A145 fall short, f. en = in + lepein = leave
ELONGATE remove; f. pp. stem of longre = remove, prolong, f.
lengthen e- + long = far off, later taken as if f. e- +
A145 longus = long
ELUCIDATE f. pp. stem of lcidre, f. e- + lcidus = lucid
A145
ELUDE delude, baffle ldere,f. e- + ldere = play
A145
ELYSIUM state or abode of L. Gr. Elsion
A145 the blessed dead
EMBODY put into a body f. em- + body, after incorporre = incorporate
A146
EMBRYO embry, alt. of embryon Gr. mbruon =
new-born animal, foetus, f. em- + brein =
A146 swell, grow
EMERGE come to light, mergere, f. e- + mergere = dip, merge
A146 arise
EMINENT lofty, prominent f. prp. stem of minre, rel. to mns = mount
A146
EMPHASIS intensity of emphasis = use of language to imply more
statement than is said Gr. mphais = appeareance, f.
A146 em- + phanein = show
EMPIRIC sb., member of empricus Gr. empeiriks, f. empeir =
the sect of experience, f. mpeiros = skilled, f. em- +
ancient peira = trial, experiment
physicians called
Empirici;
untrained
practitioner,
quack
A146
EMPORIUM L. Gr. emprion, f. mporos = merchant, f.
A147 em- + IE. por-
EMULATE strive to equal or f. pp. of mulr, f. mulus= rival,
A147
rival
EMUNCTORY cleaning by munctrius, f. munct-, pp. stem of
excretion; mungere = wipe or blow the nose, f. e- +
cleansing organ base rel. to mucus
A147 or canal
ENCHIRIDION manual L. Gr. egkheirdion, f. en- + kher = hand
A148
ENCOMIUM encmium Gr. egkmion, sb. use of n. of
A148 adj., f. en- + komos = revel
ENCYCLOP (A) EDI general course L. spurious Gr. egkuklopaide, for
A of instruction egkklios paide = general education
A148
ENDORSE write, put ones indorsre, f. in- + dorsum = back
signature, etc. on
A148 the back on
ENIGMA riddle in verse nigma, -mat- Gr. anigma, f. base of
ainssesthai = speak allusively or obscurely, f.
A149 ainos = fable
ENORMOUS abnormal, f. normis, f. e- + norma = pattern
monstrous;
irregular,
outrageous; of
A150 excessive size
ENS (pl. entia = being, L. sb. use of n. of prp. f. esse = be
A150 entity)
ENTHYMEME syllogism in enthmma Gr. enthumma, f.
which one enthmeisthai = consider, infer, f. en- +
premiss is thms = passion, mind
A150 suppressed
ENTITY entits, f. ens, ent-
A151 , B143
EPHOR Spartan ephorus Gr. phoros, f. epi- + base of horan
A152 magistrate
EPIC adj. epicus late Gr. epiks, f. pos = word, song
A152
EPICURE Epicurean; epicrus = one whose chief happiness is in
glutton, carnal pleasure; appellative use of picrus,
sybarite; one who Gr. Epkouros name of an Athenian
is choice in philosopher
eating and
A152 drinking
EPITHET epitheton, sb. use of n. of Gr. epthetos =
attributed, pp. adj. of epitithnai = put on or
A152 , B527 to, f. epi- + tithnai = place
EPITOME abridgement, epitom Gr. epitom, f. epitmnein = cut
A152summary into, cut short, f. epi- + tmnein = cut
ERADICATE pull up by the f. pp. stem of rdicre, f. e- + rdix, rdic =
A154 roots root
ERYSIPELAS disease with red L. Gr. eruspelas, perh. f. base of eruthrs =
A155 inflammation red + pel- = skin
ESSENE member of a pl. Essn Gr. Essno, presumably of Heb.
Jewish ascetic or Aram. orig.
A156 sect
ESTUARY sturium = tidal part of a shore, tidal
A156 channel, f. stus = swell, surge, tide
EULOGY eulogium, app. blending of logium =
inscription on a tomb, etc., and eulogia Gr.
eulog = praise, f. phr. eu lgein = speak
A157 well of
EVAPORATE f. pp. stem of vaporre, f. e- + vapor, -r- =
A157 steam, heat
EVENT outcome, issue; ventus, f. vent-, pp. stem of venre = come
anything that out, result, happen, f. e- + venre = come
A158 happens
EVICT expel (a person) f. vict-, pp. stem of vincere = conquer,
by judicial obtain by conquering, recover, overcome and
process; expel, eject judicially, prove
conquer,
A158 overcome; prove
EXACT exactus, pp. of exigere = complete, bring to a
perfection, examine, ascertain, f. ex- + agere
A158 = perform
EXAGGERATE accumulate, pile f. pp. stem of exaggerre, f. ex- + aggerre =
up heap up, f. agger = heap, prob. f. ag- + gerere
A158 = carry
EXARCH governor of a exarchus Gr. xarkhos = leader, chief, f.
province under exrkhein = take the lead, f. ex- + rkhein =
the Byzantine rule
emperors;
metropolital in
the Eastern
A159 Church
EXASPERATE f. pp. stem of exasperre, f. ex- + asper =
A159 rough
EXCAVATE f. pp. stem of excavre, f. ex- + cavre, f.
A159 cavus = hollow
EXCEPT otherwise than exceptus, pp. of excipere, f. ex- + capere =
A159 take
EXCISE cut out f. excs-, pp. stem of excdere, f. ex- + cdere
A159 = cut
EXCREMENT dregs; faeces excrmentum, f. excr-, pp. base of excernere,
A159 , B96 f. ex- + cernere = sift
EXCRUCIATE torture f. pp. stem of excrucire, f. ex- + crucire =
A159 torment, f. crux = cross
EXCURSION escape; sally, excursi, -n-, f. excurs-, pp. stem of
sortie excurrere = run out, issue forth, f. ex- +
A159 currere = run
EXEAT stage direction L. = let him go out, 3rd pers. sg. pres. subj. of
A159 repl. by exit exre = go out
EXECRATE express or feel f. pp. stem of ex(s)ecrr = curse, f. ex- +
abhorrence of sacrre = devote religiously, f. sacer, sacri- =
A159 religiously set apart
EXHAUST draw off or out, f. exhaust-, pp. stem of exhaurre, f. ex- +
A160 drain haurre = draw, drain
EXHIBIT submit to view, f. exhibit-, pp. stem of exhibre, f. ex- +
A160 display habre = hold
EXHILARATE f. pp. stem of exhilarre, f. ex- + hilaris =
A160 cheerful, gay
EXIT (theatr.) direction repl. exeat; 3rd pers. sg. pres. ind. of exre =
to a player to go out, f. ex- + re = go
leave the stage,
departure from
A160 the stage
EXONERATE unload, relieve f. pp. stem of exonerre, f. ex- + onus, oner-
of a burden; = burden
relieve or free
from an
obligation,
A160 reproach, etc.
EXORDIUM beginning of a f. exordr, f. ex- + ordr = begin, rel. to ord
A160 discourse = order
EXOTIC foreign, not exticus Gr. extiks, f. x = outside
A160 indigenous
EXPATIATE (arch.) walk ex(s)patir, -t-, f. ex- + spatir = walk, f.
A160 about at large spatium = space
EXPECT wait, wait for; ex(s)pectre, f. ex- + spectre = look
look for in
A161 anticipation
EXPIATE bring to an end f. pp. stem of expire, f. ex- + pire = seek to
A161 appease, f. pius = devout, pious
EXPLICATE unfold, lit. and f. pp. stem of explicre, f. ex- + plicre = fold
A161
 fig.
EXPLODE reject expldere = drive out by clapping, hiss off the
A161 stage, f. ex- + plaudere = clap the hands
EXPONENT interpreting expnns, -ent-, prp. of expnere = expound
A161
EXPOSTULATE demande, urge, f. pp. stem of expostulre, f. ex- + postulre,
complain of; prob. f. base of poscere
make friendly
A161 objections
EXQUISITE accurate, exact; exqustus, pp. adj. of exqurere = search out,
carefully f. ex- + qurere = search, seek
elaborated;
highly cultivated,
A162 consummate
EXTANT standing out or ex(s)tns, -ant-, prp. of exstre = be
forth; existing prominent or visible, exist, f. ex- + stre =
A162 stand
EXTEMPORE adv. f. phr. ex tempore = on the spur of the
moment, i.e. ex = out of, tempore = abl. of
A162 tempus = time
EXTEND enlarge the scope extendere, f. ex- + tendere = stretch, tend
of; stretch forth,
A162 hold out
EXTENUATE make thin, f. pp. stem of extenure, f. ex- + tenuis = thin
diminish,
disparage the
magnitude of;
underrate, seek to
lessen the
A162 importance of
EXTERIOR L., compar. formation on exterus = that is
A162 outside
EXTERMINATE expel, banish f. pp. stem of exterminre, f. ex- + terminus =
A162 boundary
EXTINCT that has died out ex(s)tinctus, pp. of extinguere, f. ex- +
A162 stinguere = quench
EXTIRPATE root out f. pp. stem of ex(s)tirpre, f. ex- + stirps =
A162 stem or stock of a tree
EXTORT f. extort-, pp. stem of extorqure, f. ex- +
A162 torqure = twist
EXTRACT draw out or forth f. extract-, pp. stem of extrahere, f. ex- +
A162 trahere = draw
EXTRAORDINARY exceptional extrordinrius, f. phr. extr ordinem = out of
A162 course, in an unusual manner
EXTRAVAGANT exceeding due prp. of extrvagr, f. extra- + vagr =
A162 bounds wander
EXTRINSIC exterior, extrinsecus = adj. outer, f. extrinsecus = adv.
external outwardly, f. extra- + im + secus = alongside
A162 of
EXTRUDE extrdere, f. ex- + trdere = thrust
A162
EXUDE ex(s)dre, f. ex- + sudre = sweat
A162
EXULT leap up; rejoice ex(s)ultre, frequent. of exsilre, f. ex- +
A162exceedingly salre = leap
EYRIE , AERIE nest of a bird of airea, eyria, etc.
A163 prey

F
FACT deed; something factum, sb. use of n. pp. of facere = do
that has occurred,
what has
happened; truth,
A164 reality
FACTORY factorship, agency; factria, f. factor, f. fact-, f. facere = do;
manufactory, factrium (recorded in the sense oil-press)
A164 words
FACTOTUM facttum, f. fac, imper. of facere = do + ttum
A164 = the whole
FALLACY logical flaw, fallcia, f. fallx, fallc-, f. fallere = deceive
A165 delusive notion
FASCINATE cast a spell over, f. pp. stem of fascinre, f. fascinum = spell,
A166 bewitch witchcraft
FERULE rod used for ferula
A169 punishment
FETIC , FOETID stinking ftidus, ft-, f. ftre, ft- = stink
A169
FLAGELLANT flagellns, -ant-, prp. of flagellre = whip, f.
A173 flagellum, dim. of flagrum = scourge
FLAMEN priest of a flmen
particular deity in
A173 ancient Rome
FLEX bend f. flex-, pp. stem of flectere = bend
A174
FLORA (F-) goddess of f. fls, flr- = flower
A175 flowering plants
FLUENT flowing freely or fluns, fluent-, prp. of fluere = flow
easily; ready in
A176 speech
FOLIO leaf of paper, abl. of folium = leaf, foil
A177 parchment, etc.
FRUGAL sparing in the use frglis, back-formation from frglior,
of things -issimus, compar. and super. of frg
indeclinable adj., d. of flux, chiefly pl. frgs
A184 = produce of the soil
FUCUS cosmetic fcus = rock-lichen, red dye or cosmetic - Gr.
A184 phukos
FULIGINOUS sooty flginsus, f. flg, flgin- = soot, prob. rel.
A184 to fmus = smoke, fume
FUNGUS mushroom or the fungus, perh. connected with Gr. sp(h)ggos
A185 like = sponge
FUSION melting fsi, -n-., f. fs-, pp. stem of fundere = pour
A186
FUTILE ftilis, better futtilis = that pours out, f. fud-,
A186 base of fundere = pour

G
GAUDY rejoicing; annual gaudium = joy or gaud, imper. of gaudre
A190 college feast
GEMINATION geminti, -n-, f. geminre = vb. double, f.
A191 geminus = twin
GENERATE produce (orig. f. pp. stem of generre, f. genus, gener-
A191 offspring)
GENIAL (arch.) nuptial, genilis = nuptial, productive, joyous,
A191 generative pleasant, f. genius = genius
GENIUS tutelary deity or genius = attendant spirit, inclination,
spirit; demon; appetite, intellectual capacity
characteristic or
prevalent
disposition or
A191 spirit
GENTILE pert. to a tribe or a gentlis = of the same family or nation,
A191 nation heathen, pagan, f. gns, gent- = race, people
GENUINE natural, native genunus, f. genu = knee (the orig. ref. was to
the recognition of a new-born child by the
A192 father placing it on his knees)
GENUS (techn.) kind, class genus = birth, race, stock, kin
A192
GEOGRAPHY gegraphia Gr. gegraph, f. ge = earth,
A192 graphein = write
GERANIUM genus of plants L. Gr. gernion, f. granos = crane
with fruit shaped
A192 like a cranes bill
GERMAN pert. to Germania Germnus, perh. of Celt. orig.
A192 or Germany
GERUND gerundium, f. gerundum, var. of gerendum,
A192 gerund of gerere = carry on
GESTATION carrying, being gestti, -n-, f. gestre, frequent. f. gest-,
A192 carried pp. stem of gerere = carry
GESTURE attitude, posture; gestra, f. gest-, pp. stem of gerere = carry
movement of the
A192 body
GLADIOLUS dim. of gladius = sword
A194
GLOSS interlinear or glssa = gloss
marginal
explanation;
sophistical
A195 interpretation
GLOTTIS L. Gr. gltts, f. glotta, var. of glossa =
A195 tongue
GNOMON indicator, esp. of a gnmn Gr. gnmn = inspector, indicator,
sundial; nose; carpenters square, f. IE gn- = know
part of a
parallelogram
remaining after
similar one is
taken from one
A196 corner
GONORRHOEA L. Gr. gonrrhoia, f. gnos = semen +
A197 rhoa = flux, rel. to rhein = flow
GORGON terrible- or Gorg, -n- Gr. Gorg, f. gorgs = terrible
repulsive-looking
A197 person
GRADATION (rhet.) climax; gradti, -n-, f. gradus = step
gradual progress;
A198 series of stages
GRANARY grnrium, f. grnum = grain
A199
GRANDILOQUENT grandiloquus, f. grandis = great, grand +
A199 loquus = speaking, f. loqu = to speak
GRATEFUL pleasing, thankful f. grtus (in the same sense)
A200
GRAVID pregnant gravidus = laden, pregnant, f. gravis = heavy
A200
GREEK cheat, sharper Grcus (applied by the Romans to the
people who called themselves Hellnes)
A201 Gr. Graiks
GREMIAL (hist.) internal, gremilis, -le, f. gremium = lap, bosom
A201resident (member)
GUAIACUM tree, wood, and L. f. Sp. guayaco, guayacn, of Haitian
resin of the West origin
A204 Indies
GURGITATION swallowing gurgitti, -n-, f. gurgitre = engulf, f.
A205 gurges, gurgit- = gulf, abyss
GUSTATION tasting, taste gustti, -n-, f. gustre, f. gustus = taste
A205
GYMNASIUM L. Gr. gumnsion, f. gumnzein = train, f.
A206 gumns = naked

H
HALO circle of light hal, for hals, -n-, Gr. hls = threshing-
A208 round the sun, etc. floor, disk of the sun, moon, or a shield
HEBETATE make blunt f. pp. stem of hebetre, f. hebes, hebet- =
A213 blunt
HECATOMB sacrifice of many hecatomb Gr. hekatmb, f. hekatn =
A213 victims hundred + bous = ox
HEGIRA , HEJIRA Muslim era hegira Arab. hijra = departure, f. hajara =
A213 separate, go away
HELIX helix, helic- Gr. hlix, -ik-, f. IE. wel- = roll
A214
HELOT serf in ancient (H)lt, Hltes pl. Gr. Heltes, Helotai
A214 Sparta
HEMISTICH (pros.) half-line hmistichum Gr. hmistkhion, f. stkhos
A214
HERO illustrious warrior hrs, pl. hrs Gr. hrs, pl. hres
A215
HESPERIAN western f. hesperius, Gr. hesprios, f. Hesperia, Gr.
Hespera (poet.) land of the west, f.
Hesperus, Hsperos, adj. western, sb.
A215 evening star
HIATUS gap, chasm hitus = gaping, opening, f. hire = gap
A216
HIEROGLYPHIC pert. to ancient hieroglyphicus Gr. hierogluphiks, f. hiers
Egyptian writing; = sacred + gluph = carving
sb. character in
such picture-
writing; symbolic
A216 , B214 or enigmatic figure
HIPPOPOTAMUS L. Gr. hippoptamos, for earlier hppos ho
potmio = the horse of the river (potmos =
A217 river)
HISTORY methodical historia Gr. histor = learning or knowing
account of natural by inquiry, narrative, history, f. hstr =
A217 phenomena knowing, learned, wise man
HOM (O) OUSIAN (theol.) homosinus, f. homosius Gr.
consubstantial hom(o)osios, f. homs = same + ous =
A219 essence
HUMILIATE humble f. pp. stem of humilire, f. humilis = humble
A222
HUNGARIAN f. Hungary, medL. Hungaria, f. (H)ungar,
U(n)gr, Gr. Oggroi, foreign name of the
A222 people called by theselves Magyar
HYDRA fabulous many- L. Gr. hdr = water-serpent
headed snake
whose heads grew
again as fast as
A223 they were cut off
HY( A)ENA hyna Gr. haina, f. hus = swine, sow
A224
HYPALLAGE (rhet.) figure of hypallag Gr. hupallag, f. hup = hypo- +
speech in which allag-, stem of allsein = exchange, f. llos =
two elements are other
A224 interchanged
HYPERICUM hypercum Gr. hupreikon, f. hupr =
A224 hyper- + erek = heath
HYSTERON figure of speech L. Gr. hsteron prteron = latter (put as)
PROTERON reversing the former
proper order of
 A225 words

I
IAMBUS L. Gr. ambos
A226
ICHNEUMON N. Afr. mongoose ichneumn Gr. iknemn = tracker, f.
which destroys ikhneein = track, f. khnos = track, footstep
A226 crocodiles eggs
ICON, IKON image, picture cn Gr. eikn = likeness, image
A227
ICTERIC pert. to jaundice ictericus Gr. ikteriks, f. kteros = jaundice
A227
IDEA archetype, idea Gr. id = look, form, nature, ideal
conception, form
design; form,
figure; mental
A227 image, notion
IDENTITY quality of being identits, f. idem = same
A227 the same
IGNIS FATUUS will-o-the-wisp L. = foolish fire; so named from its erratic
A228 flitting from place to place
IGNORAMUS endorsement L. = we do not know, in legal use we take no
made formerly by notice, 1st per. pl. pres. ind. of ignorre =
a grand jury on a ignore
bill returned as
A228 not a true bill
ILLATIVE (gram.) inferential illtvus, f. illtus, used as pp. of inferre =
A228 infer
ILLEGITIMATE not born in lawful f. illegitimus, after legitimate
A228 wedlock
ILLITERATE f. il- + lit(t)erlis, f. li(t)era = letter
A228
ILLUMINATE light up, give f. pp. stem of illuminre, f. il- + lmen, lmin-
A228 light to = light
ILLUSTRATE throw light or f. pp. stem of illustrre, f. il- + lustrre =
lustre on; illuminate, rel. to lmen = light
A228 elucidate
IMBIBE drink in, absorb imbibere, f. im- + bibere = drink
A228
IMBUE saturate, imbtus, pp. of imbuere = moisten, stain,
A228 , B228 impregnate imbue
IMITATE f. pp. stem of imitr = copy, rel. to img =
A228 image and mulr = emulate
IMMANENT prp. of immanre, f. im- + manre = remain,
A229 dwell
IMMINENT imminns, -ent-, prp. of imminre = project,
A229 be impending
IMMOLATE sacrifice f. pp. stem of immolre = sprinkle with
A229 sacrificial meal, f. im- + mola = meal
IMMURE wall in; shut immrre, f. im- + mrus = wall
 A229 within walls
IMPECCABLE not liable to sin impeccbilis, f. im- + peccre = sin
A229
IMPECUNIOUS f. im- + pecunia = money
A229
IMPEND hang impendre, im- + pendre = hang
A229 threateningly
IMPERATIVE (gram.) impertvus, f. impert-, pp. stem of imperre
expressing = command
command;
commanding,
A229 peremptory
IMPERIOUS imperial; imperisus, f. imperium = command, empire
sovereign,
majestic;
A229 overbearing
IMPERSONAL (gram.) impersnlis, f. im- + personlis = personal
A229
IMPETIGO f. impetere = assail, f. im- + petere = seek
A229
IMPETRATE obtain by entreaty f. pp. stem of impetrre, f. im- + patrre =
A229 bring to an end
IMPINGE thrust upon impingere, f. im- + pangere = fix, drive in
A230
IMPIOUS impius, f. im- + pious
A230
IMPLEMENT apparatus, set of implmentum = filling up, noun of action of
utensils, tools implre = employ, spend
A230
IMPLICATE (arch.) intertwine, f. pp. stem of implicre, f. im- + plicre = fold
A230 entangle; involve
IMPLICIT implied but not implicitus, later form of implictus, pp. of
A230 , B379 plainly expressed implicre, f. im- + plicre = fold
IMPORT be of significance importre, f. im- + portre = bring, carry
or importance;
bring from
A230 outside
IMPRECATION invocation of evil imprecti, -n-, f. imprecr, f. im- + precr
A230 = pray
IMPROPRIATE annex to a person f. pp. stem of improprire, f. im- + proprius =
A231 or corporation proper
IMPUDENT ublushingly impudns, -ent-, f. im- + pudns = ashamed,
presumptuous modest, orig. prp. of pudre = feel ashamed,
A231 shame
IMPUNITY exemption from impnits, f. impnis = unpunished, f. im- +
A231 punishment pna = penalty
IMPURE f. im- + prus = pure
A231
INADVERTENCE lack of attention inadvertentia, f. in- + advertere = turn
A231 towards
INANIMATE f. in- + animus = spirit
A231
INBORN after inntus = innate
A231
INCARCERATE f. pp. stem of incarcerre, f. in- + carcer =
A231 prison
INCARNATE flesh-coloured incarntus, pp. of incarnr = be made flesh,
A232 f. in- + car, carn- = flesh
INCESSANT incessns, -ant-, f. in- + cessns, prp. of
A232 cessre = cease
INCHOATE inchotus, pp. of inchore, incohre = begin
A232
INCINERATE f. pp. stem of incinerre, f. in- + cinis, ciner-
A232 = ashes
INCOMMENSURA - (math.) having no f. in- + commensurbilis = commensurable
BLE common measure
A232
INCORPORATE combine or form f. pp. stem of incorporre, f. in- + corporre
into one body, = fashion into or with a body, collect, f.
A232 adopt into a body corpor- = body
INCUBUS nightmare incubus, earlier incubo, f. incubre, f. in- +
A232 cubre = lie
INCULCATE impress upon a f. pp. stem of inculcre = stamp in with the
A232 person heel, press in, f. in- + calcre = tread
INCUMBENT falling as a duty prp. of incumbere = lie or lean upon, apply
or obligation oneself to, f. in- + cumbere, f. nasalized stem
A232 corr. to cubre = lie
INCUR intr. run, fall; tr. incurrere , f. in- + currere = run
run or fall into,
A233 become liable to
INDEFINITE f. in- + dfntus, pp. of dfnre, f. de- + fnre
A233 = finish
INDEX pl. indexes, f. in- + -dex, dic-, f. IE deik-, dik- = point out
indices =
forefinger;
pointer; guiding
principle; table
of contents;
alphabetical list
of subjects
appended to a
A233 book
INDIGNANT indignns, -ant-, prp. of indignr = regard as
unworthy, f. indignus, f. in- + dignus = worthy
A233
INDISCREET injudicous, indiscrtus
A233unwary
INDISPENSABLE (eccl.) that cannot f. in- + dispensre = weigh out, disburse,
be allowed or administer, dispose, frequent. of dispendere, f.
A233 condoned dis- + pendere = weigh
INDUCE infer indcere, f. in- + dcere = lead
A234
INDURATE harden f. pp. stem of indrre
A234
INEPT (leg.) void ineptus, f. in- + aptus = apt
A234
INFATUATE turn (a thing) to f. pp. stem of infature, f. in- + fatuus =
folly; make fatuous
foolish, possess
with an
extravagant
A234 passion
INFER bring about, inferre = bear or bring in, f. in- + ferre = bear
induce; bring in,
introduce; draw
as a conclusion;
A234 imply
INFERIOR of lower or low compar. of inferus = low
A234 degree, sb.
INFIRM not firm, infirmus, f. in- + firmus = firm
A235 irresolute
INFLATE infltus, pp. of inflre, f. in- + flre = blow
A235
INFLICT f. inflict-, pp. stem of inflgere, f. in- + flgere
A235 = strike
INFLORESCENCE inflrscentia, f. inflrscere = come into
A235 flower
INFRINGE infringere, f. in- + frangere = break
A235
INFUSE instil; steep f. infs-, pp. stem of infundere, f. in- +
A235 fundere = pour
INGEMINATE utter twice, f. pp. stem of ingeminre = redouble, repeat,
A236reiterate f. in- + geminre = geminate
INGENUOUS noble-minded; ingenuus = native, free-born, noble, frank, f.
honourably in- + gen-, base of gignere = beget
A236 straightforward
INGURGITATE swallow greedily f. pp. stem of ingurgitre, f. in- + gurges,
A236 gurgit- = whirlpool, gulf
INHERE exist as an inhrre, f. in- + hrre = stick
A236 attribute in
INHIBIT restrain f. inhibit-, pp. stem of inhibre = hold in,
A236 hinder, f. in- + habre = have, hold
INITIAL pert. to a or the initilis, f. initium = beginning, f. init-, pp.
beginning stem of inre = enter upon, begin, f. in- + re =
A236 go
INJUNCTION iniucti, -n-, f. iniunct-, pp. stem of
A236 iniungere = enjoin
INNOVATE renew, f. pp. stem of innovre = renew, alter, f. in- +
introduce as novre = make new, f. novus = new
new; bring in
 something new
A237
INSANE insnus, f. in- + snus = sane
A237
INSCRIBE write in or on; inscrbere, f. in- + scrbere = write
(geom.) delineate
A237 within a figure
INSERT set or put in f. insert-, pp. stem of inserere, f. in-+ serere =
A237 plant, join, put into
INSIDIOUS insidisus, f. insidi = ambush, trick, rel. to
insidre = sit in or upon, be settled, f. in- +
A237 sedre = sit
INSINUATE f. pp. stem of insinure, f. in- + sinure =
A237 curve, f. sinus = curve
INSIST continue insistere = stand upon, persist, f. in- + sistere
steadfastly in; = stand
dwell
A237 emphatically on
INSTALL invest with or installre, f. in- + stallum = stall
place in an office,
orig. by placing in
A237 an official stall
INSTIGATE spur or urge on f. pp. stem of instgre, f. in- + stgre =
A238 prick, incite
INSTIL put in by drops; instillre, f. in- + stillre, f. stilla = drop
A238 infuse gradually
INSTINCT innate impluse or instinctus = instigation, impulse, f. instinct-,
propensity, pp. stem of instinguere = incite, impel, f. in- +
A238 intuition stinguere = prick
INSTITUTE purpose; instittum = design, ordinance, precept, sb.
established usage; use of n. of pp. of instituere = establish,
principle or ordain, teach, f. in- + statuere = set up
element of
A238 instruction
INSTRUCT direct, command f. instruct-, pp. stem of instruere = set up, fit
A238 out, teach, f. in- + struere = pile up, build
INSULT glory or triumph insultre, f. in- + saltre, iterative-intensive f.
A238 over salre = leap, jump
INTEGER integer = intact, entire
A238
INTERCEPT f. intercept-, pp. stem of intercipere, f. inter- +
A239 capere = take, seize
INTERCOMMUNI - AL. inter- + communicre, f. commnis =
CATE common
A239
INTERIM (arch.) L. = in the meantime
meanwhile;
intervening time,
A239 interval of time
INTERLOCUTOR f. interloqu, -locti, f. inter- + locuti, -n-,
 A239 f. loct-, pp. stem of loqu = talk, speak
INTERMIT leave off, intermittere, f. inter- + mittere = let go, send
A239 discontinue
INTERNAL f. comtemp. intern or its source, internus =
A240 inward, internal
INTERPELLATION pleading, interpellti, -n-, f. interpellre = interupt by
intercession speaking, f. inter- + -pellre = thrust or direct
A240 oneself
INTERREGNUM temporary f. inter- + regnum = reign
authority
exercised during a
vacancy; period
intervening
between a ruler
A240 and his successor
INTERSPERSE f. interspers-, pp. stem of interspergere, f.
A240 inter- + spargere = strew
INTERVENE intervenre, f. inter- + venre = come
A240
INTESTINE intestnus, f. intus = within, sb. lower part of
the alimentary canal; intestnum, sb. use of n.
A240 of adj.
INTINCTION dipping, infusion intincti, -n-, f. intingere, f. in- + tingere =
A240 dye, tinge
INTOXICATE poison; stupefy f. pp. stem of intoxicre, f. in- + toxicum =
with a drug or poison
A240 strong drink
INTRODUCE intrdcere, f. intro- + dcere = lead, bring
A240
INTRUDE intrdere, f. in- + trdere = thrust
A241
INTUITION regard, intuiti, -n-, f. in- + tuiti, -n-, = protection,
reference; f. tur = look after
(philos.)
immediate
knowledge or
A241 apprehension
INVALID not valid invalidus, f. in- + validus = strong, powerful,
A241 effective, f. valre = be strong
INVEIGHT give vent to invehere = carry in, inveh = be borne into,
denunciation attack, assail with words, f. in- + vehere =
A241 carry
INVENT devise, esp. by f. invent-, pp. stem of invenre, f. in- + venre
way of original = come
A241 contrivance
INVESTIGATE f. pp. stem of investgre, f. in- + vestgre =
A241 track, trace out
INVETERATE established by age invetertus, ppl. adj. of inveterre = make old,
or long standing; f. in- + vetus, veter- = old
obstinately
 A241 embittered
INVIGILATE keep watch f. pp. stem of invigilre, f. in- + vigilre =
A241 watch, f. vigil = watchful
INVOLUNTARY f. in- + voluntrius, f. volunts = will
A241
IRIS flat circular ris Gr. iris = rainbow, coloured circle, etc.,
coloured iris (plant), female messenger of the gods,
membrane in the whose sign was a rainbow
aqueous humour
of the eye; genus
of tuberous or
A242 bulbous plants
IRONY figure of speech rnia Gr. eirne, f. ern = disembler
in which the
intended maning
is the opposite of
A242 that expressed
IRRATIONAL (math.) ir- + ratinlis, f. rati = reason
A242
IRREFRAGABLE incontrovertible, irrefrgbilis, f. ir- + refrgr = oppose,
A242 undeniable contest
IRRELEVANT ir- + relevns, -ant-, prp. of relevre = raise
A242 up, relieve
IRRITATE incite; excite to f. pp. stem of irrtre
A242 anger, fret
IRRUPTION bursting in irrupti, -n-, f. irrupt-, pp. stem of
A242 irrumpere, f. in- + rumpere = break
ISTHMUS narrow neck of L. Gr. isthms = narrow passage, isthmus
A243 land
ITEM maxim, hint; L. = just so, in like manner, moreover, f. ita =
article in an so, based on the pronominal stem i-
A244 enumeration
ITERATE do or say again f. pp. stem of iterre = repeat, f. iterum =
again, compar. formation on the pronominal
A244 base i-
ITINERANT prp. of itinerr, -re, f. iter, itiner- = journey,
A244 f. IE. i- = go

J
JACTATION boasting iactti, -n-, f. iactre = toss about, discuss,
A245 boast, frequent. of iacere = throw
JESUIT Isuta, f. Iss + ta = -ite
A246 , B238
JOT least part or point ita Gr. iota = iota
A248
JUDICATURE action or office of idictra, f. pp. stem of idicre = judge
a judge; body of
A249 judges
JUDICIAL giving judgement idicilis, f. idicium = judgement, f. idex,
A249 idic- = judge
JUGULAR pert. to the neck or iugulris, f. iugulum = collar-bone, dim. of
A249 throat iugum = yoke
JUPITER azure L. corr. to Skr. dyas pit = heaven father
A250
JURIDICAL iridicus, f. is, ir- = law + -dicus = saying,
A250 f. dcere = say

K
KIT (arch.) small cithara, Gr. kithr = cither
A253 fiddle
KYRIE short for kyrie L. repr. of Gr. Krie elson = Lord, have
A255 eleison (14th) mercy

L
LABDANUM med. form of ldanum Gr. ldanon,
A256 ldanon, f. ledon = mastic
LABIAL labilis, f. labia = lips
A256
LABURNUM L. prob. of foreign origin
A256
LACERATE f. pp. stem of lacerre, f. lacer = mangled,
A256 torn
LACHRYMAL pert. to tears lachrymlis, lacrimlis, f. lacrima, earlier
A256 lacruma = tear
LACONIC (L-) Lacedaemonian, Lacnicus Gr. Lakniks, f. Lkn =
Spartan; brief of member of the Spartan race, renowned for
A256 speech brevity of speech
LADANUM ldanum Gr. ldanon, ldanon, f. ledon =
A256 mastic
LAIC licus = lay
A257
LAMENT sb. lmentum
A257
LAPSE slip of the lapsus, f. laps-, pp. stem of lb = glide, slip,
memory; fall from fall
rectitude, grace;
termination of a
A258 right
LAR, PL . LARES household god(s); lr, pl. lrs; prob. orig.infernal divinities
A258 heart, home and hence rel. to lrva = spectre, ghost
LARYNX L. Gr. lrugx
A259
LATERAL pert. to or at the laterlis, f. latus, later- = side
A259 side
LATITUDE (arch.) extent, ltitdo, f. ltus = broad
A260 scope
LATRIA worship that may L. Gr. latre = service, worship, rel. to
be paid only to latreein = serve
A260 God
LAUDANUM laudanum, Paracelsuss name for a
 medicament of which he gives a pretended
prescription of costly ingredients but which
A260 was early suspected to contain opium
LAVATORY lavabo lavtorium, f. lavt-, pp. stem of lavre =
A260 wash, lave
LAVER (edible) seaweed laver = a water-plant
A260
LECTION reading; liturgical lecti, -n-, f. lect-, pp. stem of legere = read
A262 lesson
LEMMA , PL . (math.) subsidiary L. Gr. lemma, pl. lmmata = something
LEMMATA , proposition taken for granted or assumed, theme,
LEMMAS argument, title, f. lab- = base of lambnein =
A263 take
LEVITY levits, f. levis = light
A264
LIBERTINE antinomian, free- lbertnus, f. lbertus = made free, f. lber =
thinker; licentious free
A265 man
LICTOR officer in ancient L.
A265 Rome
LIGAMENT ligature ligmentum, f. ligre = bind, tie
A266
LIMB edge or boundary limbe or its source limbus = hem, selvage,
of a surface or fringe
A266 , B264 instrument
LIMBO prison, orig. in phr. in, out of limbo, repr. in, limb;
A266 confinement abl. of limbus = hem, selvage, fringe
LINEAMENT line, outline lnementum, f. lnere = make straight, f.
A267 lnea = line
LINGUIST f. lingua = language
A267
LINIMENT embrocation linimentum, f. linere = smear, anoint
A267
LIQUID pure, clear (of air, liquidus, f. liqure = be fluid
A268 sound, light)
LITIGATION disputation ltigti, -n-, f. ltigre, -t-, f. ls, lt- =
A268 strife, lawsuit + agere = do
LOBBY (perh.) monastic lobium, lobia = lobby
cloister; passage or
corridor attached
A269 to a building
LOBE roundish lobus Gr. lobs = lobe of ear or liver, pod
projecting part of
A269 an organ
LOOSESTRIFE tr. lysimachia ( Gr. lusimkheion), erron.
taken to be directly f. Gr. lusi-, comb. form
A271 of lein = loose + mkh = strife
LOTION washing lti, -n- = washing, f. lt-, laut-, pp. stem
A272 , B253 of lavre = lave
LOTUS plant yielding a ltus Gr. lts
 soporific fruit;
water-lily of Asia
A272
LUCUBRATION (nocturnal) study lcubrti, -n-, f. lcubrre = work by
A273 or its product lamplight, f. lx, lc- = light
LUPUS (path.) ulcerous L. = wolf
A273 disease of the skin
LYCANTHROPY lycanthrpia Gr. lukanthrp, f.
luknthrpos, f. lkos = wolf + nthrpos =
A274 man
LYCEUM the garden in Lycum Gr. Lkeion, n. of lkeios = epithet
Athens where of Apollo, to whose temple the Lyceum was
A274 Aristotle taught adjacent

M
MACERATE soften by steeping; f. pp. stem of mcerre = steep, soften,
cause to waste weaken
A275 away
MAENAD Bacchante Mnas, -ad- Gr. Mains, -ad-, f.
A276 manesthai = rave
MAGNANIMOUS magnanimus, f. magnus = great + animus =
A276 mind
MAGNITUDE size magnitd, f. magnus = great, large
A276
MAGUS member of an L. Gr. mgos OPers. magu
ancient Persian
A276 priestly caste
MAJOR greater mior, compar. of magnus = great
A277
MAMMON (personification mam(m)na, mam(m)on N.T. Gr.
of) riches mam(m)ns Aram. mmn, mmon =
A279 riches, gain
MANDAMUS (leg.) writ L. = we command, 1st. pers. pl. pres. ind. of
directing the mandre = enjoin, commit, f. manus = hand
performance of a + dre = give
A279 certain act
MANDATE command, spec. mandtum, sb. use of n. pp. of mandre =
legal or judicial enjoin, commit, f. manus = hand + dre =
A279 give
MANDIBLE mandibula, -ulum, f. mandere = chew
A279 , B283
MANDUCATION eating mandcti, -n-, f. mandcre, f. mandc
A279 = guzzler, f. mandere = chew
MANIPLE (eccl.) vestment manipulus = handful, troop of soldiers, f.
worn suspended manus = hand
from the left arm;
subdivision of the
A280 , B285 Roman legion
MANNA miraculous food of L. Hellenistic Gr. mnna Aram. mann
Exodus; juice from Heb. mn
the bark of
 Fraxinus ornus
(manna ash)
A280
MANSE (hist.) measure of mansus, -a,-um = dwelling, house, measure
land sufficient to of land, f. mns , pp. stem of manre =
support a family; remain, stay
ecclesiastical
A280 residence
MANUSCRIPT adj. written by manscrptus, i.e. man = with the hand,
hand; sb. writing; scrptus, pp. of scrbere = write
A281 codex
MARITIME maritimus, f. mare = sea + -timus, as in
fnitimus = neighbouring, lgitimus =
A282 legitimate
MATRICULATE insert (a name) in a f. pp. stem of mtrculre, f. mtrcula, dim.
register, admit into of mtrc- = matrix
A285 a university, etc.
MATRIX uterus; place or mtrix, -c- = pregnant animal, female used
medium of for breeding, parent stem, womb, register, f.
A285 production mter, mtr- = mother
MAUSOLEUM mauslum Gr. mausleion = the
magnificent tomb of Mauslus, king of Caria
at Halicarnassus, accounted one of the seven
A285 wonders of the world
MEANDER (pl.) windings, mander Gr. maandros, appellative use of
intricacies the name of a river in Phrygia famous for its
A287 notoriously winding course
MECHANIC handicraftsman, mchanicus Gr. mkhaniks, f. mkhan =
A287 artisan machine
MEDIAL (math.) mean medilis, f. medius = mid
A287
MEDIASTINUM (anat.) sb. n. of mediastnus = medial, f. medius =
membranous mid
septum between
A287 cavities
MEDIATE halve; effect by f. pp. stem of medire, f. medius = mid
A287 intercession
MEDIOCRE mediocris = of middle height, f. medius =
A287 mid + ocris = rugged mountain
MEDITATE f. pp. stem of meditr, frequent. f. IE. med-
A287 md- mod- = measure
MEDITERRANEAN (of water) land- mediterrneus = inland, in late L. applied to
locked the Mediterranean Sea, Mare
Mediterraneum, in which the orig. notion
may have been in the middle of the earth
rather than enclosed by land, f. medius = mid
A287 + terra = land, earth
MEDIUM middle degree or medium = middle, midst, sb. use of n. of
condition; middle medius = mid
term, mean;
 intervening
A287 substance
MEDUSA (M-) one of the three Medsa Gr. Mdousa
Gorgons, having
snakes for the hair
A287 of the head
MELIORATE f. pp. stem of meliorre, f. melior = better
A288
MEMBRANE membrna = skin covering a part of the
A288 body, f. membrum = member
MEMENTO reminder, warning mement, imper. of meminisse = remember
A288
MENDICANT adj. begging pp. of mendcre = beg, f. mendcus =
A289 beggar, f. mendum = fault, blemish
MENSES monthly discharge mnss, pl. of mnsis = month
A289 from the womb
MENSTRUUM uterine secretion mnstruum, in class. L. only pl. menstrual
A289 blood, sb. use of n. mnstruus, f. mnsis =
month
MENSURATION mensuring mnsrti, -n-, f. mnsrre = measure
A289
MERCENARY adj. mercnrius, earlier mercennrium, f.
A289 mercs, merd- = reward, wages
MERCIAN pert. to, native of, Mercia, f. OE. M(i)erce = lit. people of the
the Anglo-Saxon march, borderers
A290 kingdom of Mercia
MESENTERY (anat.) fold of mesenterium Gr. mesentrion, f. msos =
A290 peritoneum mid + nteron = intestine
METEMPSYCHOSI transmigration of L. Gr. metempskhsis, f. met = meta +
S the soul en = in + pskh = soul
A291
METEOR fireball, shooting meterum of Gr. metron, sb. use of n. of
star metros = raised up, lofty, f. met = meta +
A291 er-, var. of base of aerein = raise
METICULOUS timid metculsus, f. metus = fear
A291
METONYMY (rhet.) substitution metnymia Gr. metnum, f. met = meta
for the name of a + noma, numa = name
thing the name of
A291 an attribute of it
METOPE (arch.) square metopa Gr. metp, f. met = between,
space between meta + opa = holes in a frieze to receive the
triglyphs of the beams ends
A291 Doric frieze
METROPOLIS (hist.) seat of the mtropolis Gr. mtrpolis, f. mtr =
bishop of a mother + plis = city
province; chief
A292 city
MILL aparatus for molnus, na, num, f. and repl. mola =
grinding corn; grindstone, mill
 building in which
an industry or
manufacture is
A293 carried on
MINATORY mintrius, f. mint-, pp. stem of minr =
A293 menace
MINIM friar of the Ordo ellipt. or absol. uses of minimus, -a, -um =
Minimorum least
Eremitarum; thing
of the least size or
A294 importance
MINUS verbal rendering of L. = less, n. of minor
A294 the sign
MINUTE lesser mintus, pp. of minuere = lessen, diminish
A295
MISER wretch miser = wretched
A295 , B302
MISSION sending, esp. missi, -n-, f. miss- stem of mittere = let go,
A296 abroad send
MISSIVE missile; sb.letter
missvus, f. miss-, pp. stem of mittere = let
A296 go, send
MODE mood in grammar modus = measure, size, manner, method,
A297 and logic tune
MODULATE make melody f. pp. stem of modulr = measure, adjust to
rhythm, make melody, f. modulus, dim. of
A297 modus = mode
MOLAR grinding (tooth) molris = of a mill, sb. millstone, grinder
A298 tooth, f. mola = millstone
MOLY fabulous herb mly Gr. molu
A298
MOMUS captious critic L. Gr. Momos = god of ridicule
A298
MONOPOLY exclussive monoplium Gr. monoplion, -pl, f.
possession of the mnos = alone + plein = sell
trade in some
A299 article
MONSTRANCE (eccl.) vessel in mnstrantia, f. prp. stem of mnstrre =
which the Host is show, f. mnstrum = something marvellous
exposed or prodigious, orig. divine portent, f. monre
A299 = warn
MORA (leg.) delay L.
A300
MOROSE mrsus = peevish, wayward, fastidious, f.
A301 ms, mr- = manner
MOTOR agent or force mtor = mover, f. mt-, movre = move
A302 producing motion
MUNICIPAL pert. to the mniciplis, f. mnicipium = Roman city of
internal affairs of a which the inhabitants had Roman
state; pert. to local citizenship, f. mniceps, -cip-, f. mnia =
self-govenment, civic offices + capere = take
 A304 esp. of a town
MUNIFICENT f. mnificent- used as stem of of mnificus, f.
A305 mnus = office, duty, gift
MUREX shell-fish yielding mrex
A305 a purple dye
MURRHINE (Rom. antiq.) pert. murr(h)inus, f. murra
to murra = fine
earth of which
precious vases, etc.
A305 were made
MUTILATE deprive of a limb f. pp. stem of mutilre = cut or lop off, f.
A306 or principal part mutilus = maimed
MYRIAD ten thousand; mrias, mriad- Gr. mris, mriad-, f.
countless number mris = countless, innumerable, pl. mroi
A306 = ten thousand
MYRTLE plant of genus myrtilla, -us, dim. of myrta, -us Gr. mrtos
A306 Myrtus
MYSTERY religious rite mystrium Gr. mustrion = secret thing or
A307 ceremony

N
NAPHTHA inflammable oil L. Gr. nphtha, also nphthas, of oriental
A308 from coal orig.
NARCISSUS L. Gr. nrkisson, the termination of which
A308 suggests a Mediterranean orig.
NARD derived from the nardus Gr. nrdos, of Sem. orig.
A309 plant so named
NATATION natti, -n-, f. natre = swim
A309
NAUSEA feeling of sickness nausea, nausia Gr. naus, naut =
A309 seasickness, nausea, f. naus = ship
NAUTICAL f. nauticus Gr. nautiks, f. nats = sailor,
A309 f. naus = ship
NAVAL nvlis, f. nvis = ship
A309
NECTAR drink of the gods; L. Gr. nktar
delicious drink,
A310 sweet fluid
NEFARIOUS f. nefrius, f. nefs = wrong, wickedness, f.
A310 ne- + fs = divine permission or law
NEGLECT vb. f. neglct-, pp. stem of neglegere = disregard,
A310 slight, f. neg- + legere = choose
NEGOTIATE hold conference f. pp. stem of negtir = carry on business, f.
with negtium = business, f. neg- + tium = leisure
A310
NENUPHAR water-lily L. Arab. and Pers. nnfar, nlfar Skr.
nltpala = blue lotus, f. nla- = blue +
A311 utpala- = lotus
NEOPHYTE neophytus N.T. Gr. nephutos = newly
A311 planted, f. nes = neo- + phutn = plant
NEOTERIC recent, modern neotericus Gr. neteriks, f. neteros,
A311 compar. of nos = new
NEPHRITIC affecting the nephrticus Gr. nephrtiks, f. nephrtis, f.
A311 kidneys nephrs = kidney
NERVE sinew, tendon nervus = sinew, bowstring
A311
NEUTER intransitive, neuter, f. ne- + uter = either of two
A312 , B323 neutral
NO. (read as number) abbr. of numer = in number, abl. of numerus
A313 = number
NODE complication, ndus = knot, etc.
A314 entaglement
NOMINATE f. pp. stem of nminre, f. nmen, nmin- =
A314 name
NONPLUS state in which no f. phr. nn pls = not more, no further
more can be said
or done, esp. in
phr. be at, put to, a
A314 nonplus
NOTION nti, -n- = becoming acquainted,
examination, idea, f. nt-, pp. stem of
A315 nscere = know
NOTORIOUS well or generally ntrius, f. ntus = known
known; noted for
A315 some bad quality
NUDE (leg.) not formally ndus f. now(e)dos, nogwedos = naked
attested; bare,
A316 mere
NULL not valid (n. and nllus, -a = no, none, f. ne + llus = any, f.
A316 , B324 void) nus = one
NUMERAL adj. pert. to numerlis, f. numerus = number
number; sb. figure
A316 denoting a number
NUNCUPATIVE (leg.) oral, not nncuptvus, f. pp. of nncpre = name,
written (as a will) declare, f. nmiceps or -capos = name-taking,
A316 f. nmen = name + capere = take
NUTRIMENT ntrmentum, f. ntrire = nourish
A317
NUX VOMICA seed of an E. nux = nut and fem. of vomicus, f. vomere =
Indian tree from vomit
which strychnine
A317 is obtained

O
OBELISK tampering column obeliscus = small spit, obelisk Gr.
of stone; any of obelskos, dim. of obels = spit, pointed
A318 the signs , , pillar
OBFUSCATE f. pp. stem of obfuscre, f. ob- + fuscre =
A318 darken, fuscus = dark
OBITER by the way f. phr. ob iter, i.e. ob- + iter = journey, road
 A318
OBLITERATE f. pp. stem of oblit(t)erre = strike out, erase,
A319 f. ob- + lit(t)era = letter
OBNOXIOUS exposed to harm; obnoxisus or f. obnoxius = exposed to harm,
subject to subject, liable, f. ob- + noxa = hurt, injury
authority; hurtful,
injurious;
offensive, highly
A319 objectionable
OBSCENE offensive to the obscnus, obscnus = ill-omened,
senses, etc. ; disgusting, indecent
offensive to
A319 , B329 decency
OBSESS beset, as a f. obsess-, pp. stem of obsidre = sit down
A319 besieging force before, f. ob- + sedre = sit
OBSOLETE fallen into disuse obsoltus = grown old, worn out, pp. of
obsolre, f. ob- + solre = be accustomed or
A319 used
OBSTREPEROUS clamorous, noisy obstreperus, f. obstrepere = shout at, oppose
A319 noisily, f. ob- + strepere = make a noise
OBTRUDE obtrdere, f. ob- + trdere = thrust
A319
OBVIATE f. pp. stem of obvire = meet in the way,
A319 prevent, f. ob- + via = way
OCCIPUT back of the head occiput, -pit-, f. oc- + caput = head
A320
OCCLUDE occldere, f. oc- + claudere = close
A320
OCCULT hidden, secret, occultus, pp. of occulere, f. oc- + base of
A320 recondite clre = conceal
OCCUR meet with; occurrere = run to meet, present itself, befall,
present itself to the f. oc- + currere = run
mind, in the course
A320 of events, etc.
OEDEMA (path.) swelling L. Gr. odma, -mat-, f. oidein = swell
produced by
A321 serous fluid
OFFICIOUS eager to please or officisus, f. officium = office
A321 serve; dutiful
OLEAGINOUS oleginus, f. oleum = oil
A322 , B332
OLEANDER oleander, oliandrum
A322
OMEN men, min- = name
A322
OMENTUM (anat.) caul L.
A322
OMNIUM gathering of all omnium g. pl. of omnis = all + mock-L.
GATHERUM sorts, formation on gather for a gathering
miscellaneous
A322
 assemblage
ONOMATOPOEIA word-formation L. Gr. onomatopoi = making of words, f.
based on imitation onomatopois, f. noma, -mat- = name +
A323 poios = making
OPTHALMIA inflammation of L. Gr. ophthalm, f. opthalms = eye
the eye
A323
OPIATE containing opium, opitus
A323 narcotic
OPPONENT one who maintains oppnns, -ent-, prp. of oppnere = set
a contrary against, f. op- + pnere = place
A324 argument
OPPUGN assail in speech or oppugnre = fight against, f. op- + pugnre =
A324 action fight
ORATORY art of the orator, rtria, sb. use of fem. of rtrius, f.
A325 eloquent speaking rtor
ORB (old astron.) orbis = ring, round surface, disc
hollow sphere
surrounding the
earth; circle, ring;
A325 heavenly body
ORBIT eye-socket orbita = wheel-track, course, path, eye-
cavity, sb. use of fem. of orbitus = circular, f.
A325 orbis, orb- = orb
ORC ferocious orca = kind of whale Gr. ruga, acc. of
(sea-)monster; rux = oryx
cetacean of the
A325 , B335 genus Orca
OREAD mountain nymph Oras, -ad- Gr. Oreis, -ad-, f. ros =
A325 mountain
ORIGANUM wild marjoram L. Gr. organon
A326
ORTHODOX according with orthodoxus Gr. orthdoxos, f. orths =
accepted opinion straight, right + dxa = opinion, f. base of
A326 dokein = seem, rel. to decet
OVAL egg-shaped vlis, f. vum = egg
A328
OVATION (in ancient Rome) ovti, -n-, f. ovre = celebrate a (lesser)
lesser triumph triumph, perh. f. Gr. euoi = exultant cry at the
A328 Bacchanalia

P
PAEAN song of triumph pn Gr. pain = hymn to Apollo invokend
or exultation by the name Pain, Doric var. of Ionic
Pain, Attic pain, orig. the Homeric name
of the physician of the gods, afterwards
A330 Apollo
PAGEANT tableau of series AL. pagina
A331 of tableaux
PALAESTRA wrestling-school palstra Gr. palastr, f. palaein = wrestle
 A331
PALLADIUM safeguard, L. Gr. palldion, f. Palls, -ad- = epithet of
A332 protection the goddess Athene
PALLIATE cloak, conceal; f. pp. stem of pallire, f. pallium, rel. to palla
A332 alleviate = long wide outer garment of Roman ladies
PALLIUM large cloak pallium, rel to palla = long wide outer
A332 garment of Roman ladies
PANACEA universal remedy panaca Gr. pankeia, f. panaks = all-
A333 healing, f. pan- + base of kos = remedy
PANICLE compound pnicula, dim. of pnus = stalk of a panicle
A333 inflorescence
PANTHEON habitation of all pantheon Gr. pntheion, f. pan- + theios =
the gods, deities divine, f. thes = god
A334 collectively
PAPACY papal system pptia, f. ppa = pope
A334
PARABOLA (geom.) plane L. Gr. parabol = juxtaposition, application
curve formed by
the intersection of
alone by a plane
parallel to a side
A335 of the cone
PARADIGM (gram.) example paradgma Gr. pardeigma = example, f.
of the inflexions paradeiknnai = show side by side, f. para- +
of a class of deiknnai = show
A335 words
PARADOX statement or tenet paradoxum, -doxon, sb. use of n. of
contrary to paradoxus Gr. pardoxos, f. para- + dxa =
received opinon; opinion
proposition on the
face of it self-
A335 contradictory
PARALYSIS L. Gr. parlusis, f. paralesthai = be
loosened or disabled at the side, pass. of
A335 paralein, f. para- + lein = loosen
PARASITE one who obtains parastus Gr. parstos = one who eats at
hospitality etc. by the table of another, toady, f. para- + sitos =
A336 obsequiousness food
PARENTHESIS qualifying matter L. Gr. parnthesis, f. parentithnai = place
introduced into a in besides
A336 passage
PARIETAL (anat.) pert. ot the parietlis, f. paris, pariet- = wall, partition
wall of the body wall
A337 , B350 or a bodily organ
PARODY sb. pardia or Gr. parid = burlesque poem or
A337 song, f. para- + id = song, poem
PARONOMASIA L. Gr. paronomas, f. para- + onomas =
naming after paronomzein = alter slightly in
A337 naming, f. para- + noma = name
PARSIMONY stinginess parsimnia, f. pars-, pp. stem of parcere =
 A338 refrain, spare
PARTIBLE divisible partbilis, f. partr = divide, part
A338
PARTICIPATE f. pp. stem of participre, f. particepts, -cip-
= taking part, f. pars, part- = part + cip-,
A338 weakened form of cap- of capere = take
PARTICLE (gram.) particula, dim. of pars, part- = part
A338
PARTURIENT about to bring parturins, -ent-, prp. of parturre = be in
forth labour, inceptive, f. part-, pp. stem of parere
A338 = bring forth
PATENT (gen.) open, patns, -ent-, prp. of patre = lie open
A340 manifest
PAUPER pauper = poor
A341
PECULIAR individual, pecliris = not held in common with others,
particular; sb. f. peclium = property, f. pecu = herd
parish or church
independent of the
jurisdiction of the
A342 ordinary
PECUNIARY pecnirius, f. pecnia = money, orig. riches
A342 in cattle, f. pecu = herd
PENATES household gods of Pents, pl. f. penus = provision of food
A343 the Romans
PENETRATE f. pp. stem of penetrre = place within, enter
within, f. penitus = inner, inmost, into the
A344 inmost recesses
PENINSULA pninsula, f. pne = almost + insula = island
A344
PENTAMETER L. Gr. pentmetros, -on, sb. uses of m. and
A344 n. of adj., f. penta- = five + mtron = metre
PENTATEUCH the first five pentateuchus Gr. pentteukhos, sb. use of
books of the O.T. adj. , f. penta- = five + teukhos = implement,
A344 vessel, book
PERCUSSION striking of one percussi, -n-, f. pp. stem of percutere =
body by another strike or thrust through, f. per- + quatere =
A345 , B405 strike, dash, shake
PEREGRINATE travel (abroad) f. pp. stem of peregrnr = sojourn or travel
A345 abroad, f. peregrnus = foreign
PEREGRINE foreign, peregrnus = foreign, f. pereger = that is
outlandish abroad or on a journey, f. per- + ager =
A345 territory, country
PERFIDY perfidia, f. perfidus = treacherous, f. per- +
A346 fds = faith
PERFORATE make a hole f. pp. stem of perforre, f. per- + forre =
A346 through bore, pierce
PERFUNCTORY done or acting perfunctrius = careless, negligent, f.
merely by way of perfunct-, pp. stem of perfung = perform,
duty discharge, get rid of, f. per- + fung = perform
 A346
PERICARDIUM L. Gr. perikrdion = pod, husk, shell, f.
A346 peri- + krdi = heart
PERICRANIUM L. Gr. perikrnion, sb. sue of n. of
A346 perikrnios = round the skull
PERIPATETIC (member) of the peripatticus Gr. peripattiks, f. peripatein
school of = walk up and down, f. peri- + patein = tread
philosophy
founded by
Aristotle, who
taught in a
perpatos =
walking place in
the Lyceum at
Athens
A346 , B363
PERIPHERY boundary of a periphera Gr. periphreia, f. periphers =
A346 rounded surface revolving round, f. peri- + phrein = bear
PERIPHRASIS L. Gr. perphrasis, f. peri- + phrzein, f.
A346 peri- + phrzein = declare
PERITONEUM peritonum, -um Gr. peritnaion, -eion,
sb. use of n. of peritnaios, f. pertonos =
A346 stretched around, f. peri- + tonos = stretched
PERLUSTRATE travel through and f. pp. stem of perlstrre, f. per- + lstrre =
A347 survey purify, pass in review, f. lstrum = lustre
PERNICIOUS pernicisus, f. pernicis = destruction, f. per-
A347 + nex, nec- = death, destruction
PERPEND (arch.) ponder perpendere = weigh exactly, consider, f. per-
A347 + pendere = weigh
PERPETRATE f. pp. stem of perpetrre = perform, f. per- +
patrre = bring about, lit. perform or execute
A347 as father, f. pater, patr- = father
PERQUISITE casual profits or perqustum = acquisition, sb. use of n. of pp.
emoluments of perqurere = search diligently for, f. per- +
A347 qurere = seek
PERSIST continue firmly in persistere, f. per- + sistere = stand
A347
a state, etc.
PERSPECTIVE art of drawing so perspectva, sb. use of fem. of perspectvus, f.
as to give the perspect-, pp. stem of perspicere = look at
effect of sollidity closely, f. per- + specere = look
A347 and relative size
PERSUADE induce to believe persudre, f. per- + sudre = advise,
or act in a certain recommend
way; induce
belief in or
practice of,
A348 commend
PERUSE read through AL. persre, persitre = use up, f. per- +
sre, sitr = use often, frequent. f. s- =
A348 use
PETROLEUM mineral oil, f. petra = rock + oleum = oil
A348 occurring in rocks
PHALANX line of battle L. Gr. phlagx
A349
PHAROS lighthouse appelative use of Pharos Gr. Phros = name
of an island of Alexandria on which stood a
A349 famous lighthouse
PHILIPPIC (pl.) name of the philippicus Gr. Philippiks, f. Phlippos
orations of
Demosthenes
against Philip II,
king of Macedon;
hence applied to
Ciceros orations
against Mark
Anthony, and gen.
to any invective
or denunciatory
speech
A349
PHRASE style of phrasis Gr. phrsis = speech, manner of
expression, speaking, f. phrzein = indicate, declare, tell
diction; small
group of words in
a sentence; pithy
A350 expression
PIA MATER delicate innermost L. tr. Arab. al-umm ar-rakka = the thin or
of the three tender mother
meninges of the
brain and spinal
A351 cord
PICA (typogr.) size of transf. use of pica = almanac for the recitation
A351 printing type of divine service
PICTURE visual impression, pictra = painting, f. pict-, pp. stem of
mental image; pingere = paint, embroider
graphic
A352 description
PILCH saddle pad pellicia = cloak, for pellicea, f. pellis = skin
A352
PIN (pl.) legs; skittles pinna = applied to varous objects likened to a
A353 wing or feather
PINASTER pine tree of south- pnaster, f. pnus = pine
A353 western Europe
PINE be consumed with pna, pna
A353 longing
PIRATE marauder prta Gr. peirts, f. peiran = attempt,
A354 attack, peira = attempt, trial, f. per- as in
peril
PLACABLE capable of being plcbilis, f. plcre = be pleasing, pp. stem
A355 , B376 appeased, mild of plct-
PLACET vote of assent placet = it pleases, 3rd sg. pres. ind. of
A355 placre = please
PLAGAL (mus.) pert. to an plaglis, f. plaga = plagal mode, f. plagius
ecclesiastical Gr. plgios = oblique, f. plgos = side
mode having its
sounds comprised
between the
dominant and its
A355 octave
PLAGIARY adj. plagiarizing plagirius = kidnapper, literary thief, f.
plagium = man-stealing, kidnapping Gr.
A355 plgion
PLAINSONG music composed tr. cantus plnus = plain song
in the medival
modes and in free
rhythm; simple
A356 musical theme
PLATONIC pert. to Plato, Platnicus Gr. Platniks, f. Pltn
A357 Greek philosopher
PLAUSIBLE laudable; plausibilis, f. plaus- pp. stem of plaudere =
acceptable, clap hands in approval
agreeable; having
an appearance of
A357 truth or value
PLEBEIAN pert. to, a member plbius, f. plbs, plb- = commonalty of
of, the Roman ancient Rome
A357 plebs
PLENARY plnrius, f. plnus = full
A357
PLETHORA (path.) condition plthra Gr. plthr = fullness, repletion,
marked by f. plthein = be full
overfullness of
A357 blood, etc.
PLUPERFECT f. pls quam perfectum = more than perfect
A358
PLUS verbal rendering pls = more
A359 of the sign +
POLE each extremity polus = end of an axis Gr. plos = pivot,
(north and south) axis
of the earths axis;
each of two
opposite points on
surface of magnet
at which magnetic
forces are
A360 manifested
POLITE refined poltus, pp. of polre = polish
A360
POLLEN fine flour pollen = flour, fine powder, rel. pulvis =
A360 powder
POLYPUS hydra, octopus, L. Gr. plupos, var. of Attic polpous =
A361 etc. cuttle-fish, f. pols = poly + pos = foot
POMACE mash of crushed pmcium = cider (f. pmum = apple)
apples in cider-
A361 making
POPPET puppet ppa, puppa = girl, doll
A362
POSSE potentiality (often posse = be able; from scholastic terminology
in phr. in p. =
A363 potential(ly)
POSTERIOR latter; sb. posterior, compar. of posterus = following,
A364 descendants future, f. post = after
POSTULATE demand postultum, sb. use of n. pp. of postulre ,
A364 prob. f. base of poscere = demand
POULTICE soft mass of pl. pultes, later taken as sg. puls, pult- =
bread, etc. applied pottage, pap
as an emollient,
A365 etc.
PRAXIS practice, exercise L. Gr. praxis = doing, action, f. prk- , base
A366 of prssein = do
PRECESSION (astron.) of the prcessi, -n-, f. prcdere = precede
A366 equinoxes
PRECURSOR prcursor, f. prcurrere , f. pr = pre +
A366 currere = run
PREDATORY prdtrius, f. prdtor = plunderer, f.
A366 prdr = plunder, f. prda = booty, plunder
PREDIAL pert. to land or prdilis, f. prdium = farm, estate, f. prs,
A367
farms prd- = surety, bondsman
PREDICAMENT class, category, prdicmentum, f. prdicre = preach
A367 situation
PREDICANT sb. preacher prdicns, -ant-, prp. of prdicre = preach
A367
PREDICATE (logic and gram.) prdictum, n. pp. of prdicre = proclaim,
that which is declare; predicate also pr = pre- + dcre =
asserted of the say, speak
A367 subject
PRE -EMPTION purchase before prempti, -n-, f. premere, -empt-, f. pr
an opportunity is = pre- + emere = buy
A367 offered to others
PRELECTION public lecture in a prlecti, -n-, f. pr = pre- + lecti, -n-, f.
college or lect-, pp. stem of legere = read, orig. gather,
A367 university choose
PREMATURE occurring before prmtrus = very or too early, f. pr = pre-
A367 the time + mtrus = mature
PREMEDITATE f. pp. stem of prmeditr, f. pr = pre- +
meditr, frequent. f. IE. med- md- mod- =
A367 measure
PREOCCUPY occupy or engage f. pre- + occupy, after proccupre = seize
A367 in advance beforehand
PREPOSTEROUS inverted in prposterus = before-behind, reserved, out of
 position; contrary order or season, f. pr + posterus =
to nature or following, future, f. post = after
A368 reason
PRESBYTER elder in the early presbyter Gr. presbteros = in N. T. elder of
Christian church; the Jewish sanhedrin, elder of the apostolic
Christian minister church
of the second
A368 order
PRESCRIBE lay down as an prscrbere, f. pr = pre- + scrbere = write
injunction; order
the use of (a
A368 medicine)
PRETEXT prtextus = outward display, f. prtext-, pp.
stem of prtexere = weave in front, border,
A369 disguise, f. pr = pre- + textere = weave
PREVARICATE swerve from the f. pp. stem of prvricr = go crookedly,
right course deviate from the right path, practise collusion,
transgress, f. pr = pre- + vrcre = spread
the legs apart, straddle, f. vrus = knock-
A369 kneed
PREVENT anticipate with f. prvent-, pp. stem of prvenre = precede,
guidance; forstall anticipate, hinder, f. pr = pre- + venre =
by previous come
A369 measures, hinder
PRIMARY of the first rank prmrius = chief, principal, f. prmus =
A369 prime
PRIME choicest or finest prma = first
A369 part, time, etc.
PRISM (geom.) solid prisma Gr. prisma, -mat- = lit. thing sawn,
figure of which f. przein = saw
the two ends are
similar, equal, and
parallel rectilinear
figures and the
sides
A370 parallelograms
PROBE blunt instrument proba = proof, examination, f. probre = test,
for exploring prove
A371 wounds, etc.
PROCLIVITY prclvits, f. prclvis = inclined, f. pro- +
A371 clvus = slope
PROCRASTINATE f. pp. stem of prcrstinre, f. pro- +
crstinus = belonging to tomorrow, f. crs =
A371 tomorrow
PROCREATE f. pp. stem of prcrere, f. pro- + crere =
A371 create
PRODIGAL prdiglis, f. prdigus = lavish, rel. to
prdigere = drive forward, cast before one,
squander, f. prd-, var. of pro- + agere =
 A371 drive
PRODIGY omen, portent prdigium, f. prd-, var. of pro- + an el. of
A371 uncert. orig.
PRODUCE bring into prdcere, f. pro- + dcere = lead
existence; extend
A371 in length
PROFICIENT making prficins, -ent-, prp. of prficere = advance,
progress; that has pro- + facere = do
made progress in
A372 learning
PROFLIGATE overthrown; prflgtus = ruined, dissolute, pp. of
abandoned to vice prflgre = cast down, ruin, f. pro- + base
A372 glg- = beat
PROGRESS forward prgressus, f. pp. stem of prgred = go
movement forward, f. pro- + grad = step, walk, go, f.
A372 gradus = step
PROJECT conception, priectum, n. of pp. of pricere = throw forth,
A372 notion expel, f. pro- + iacere = throw
PROLEPSIS anticipation, esp. prolpsis Gr. prlepsis, f. prolambnein =
as techn. device in anticipate, f. pro- + lambnein = take
A372 reth. and gram.
PROLONG lengthen in space prlongre, f. pro- + longus = long
A372
PROMINENT projecting prminns, -ent-, prp. of prminre = jut out,
A373 f. pro- + base of mns = mount
PROMONTORY prmontrium, alt. of prmunturium, gen.
considered to be f. pr = pro and deriv. of
A373 mns
PROMOTE further in growth f. prmt-, pp. stem of prmovre = move
A373 forward
PROMULGATE f. pp. stem of prmulgre = expose to public
view, f. pro- + base of mulgre = milk, cause
A373 to issue forth, bring to light
PRONE bending forward prnus, f. pr = forward
A373 and downward
PROPAGATE multiply f. pp. stem of prpgre = multiply by
specimens of; means of layers or slips
cause to increase
A373 or spread
PROPENSITY prpensus = inclining, inclined, pp. of
A373 prpendre, f. pro- + pendre = hang
PROSCRIBE post up the name prscrbere = publish in writing, f. pro- +
(of a person) as scrbere = write
A374 condemned
PROSECUTE carry on; institute f. prsect-, pp. stem of prsequ = pursue,
legal proceedings accompany, f. pro- + sequ = follow
A374 against
PROSOPOPOEIA (rhet.) figure by L. Gr. prospopoi = representaion in
which an human form, f. prspon = face, person +
imaginary or poiein = make
 absent person is
represented as
acting;
A374 personification
PROSTHESIS (philol.) addition L. Gr. prsthesis, f. prostithnai = add, f.
of a letter or prs = to
syllable at the
beginning of a
A374 word
PROSTITUTE adj. offered or prstittus, pp. of prstituere = expose
exposed to lust publicly, offer for sale, prostitute, f. pro- +
A374 statuere = set up, place
PROTECT f. prtect-, pp. stem of prtegere = cover in
A374 front, f. pro- + tegere = cover
PROTEUS (Gr. and Roman L. Gr. Protes
myth.) sea-god
fabled to change
his shape, transf.
A374 and fig.
PROTRACT lengthen out; f. prtract-, pp. stem of prtrahere = prolong,
A375 draw to scale defer, also f. pro- + trahere = draw
PROXIMATE immediately proximtus, pp. of proximre = approach, f.
adjacent proximus = nearest, superl. of proqe, var. of
A375 prope = near
PROXY document prcrtia, rep. prcrti = procuration
authorizing a
person to act for
A375 another
PUBLISH issue copies of (a pblicre = make public, f. pblicus = public
book, etc.) to the
A376 public
PULP fleshy part of pulpa
A377 fruit, etc.
PULVERIZE reduce to powder pulverizre, f. pulvis, pulver- = dust, powder
A377
PUNGENT pungns, -ent-, prp. of pungere = prick
A378
PURITAN Protestant who pritts = purity
aimed at further
purification of
Reformed
doctrine and
A378 practice
PURULENT of the nature of purulentus, f. ps, pr- = pus
A379 pus
PUS ps, pr = pus
A379
PUSILLANIMOUS psillanimis, f. psillus = very small, weak (f.
psus = boy, rel. to puer = boy) + animus =
A379 mind
PYRAMID monumental (esp. pyramis, -id- Gr. purams, - id-
Egyptian)
structure with
polygonal base
and sloping sides
meeting in an
apex; pile of this
A379 shape
PYRETHRUM pellitory of Spain L. Gr. prethron = feverfew
A379
PYRITES fire-stone; pyrts Gr. purts sb. use of adj. = pert. to
A380 sulphide of iron fire, f. pur = fire
PYRRHIC war-dance of pyrricha or Gr. purrhkh, said to be named
A380 ancient Greeks from the inventor, Prrhikhos
PYTHON (Gr. myth.) huge Pthn Gr. Pthn
serpent slain by
Apollo near
A380 Delphi
PYX box at the Royal pyxis Gr. puxs = box
Mint in which
gold and silver
coins are
deposited to be
A380 tested

Q
QUAERE one may ask, it is a L. imper. of qurere = ask, inquire
question; question,
A381 query
QUARTO size of paper orig. in phr. in quarto = in a fourth
produced by
folding a whole
sheet twice so as
to form four leaves
A382 (8 pages)
QUERULOUS querulus or querulsus, f. quer = complain
A382
QUIDDITY subtlety, quibble quiddits, f. quid = what
A383
QUID PRO QUO (in apothecaries quid = something, pr = for, qu (abl. of
language) one quid) = something
thing in place of
another; one thing
in return for
A383 another, tit for tat
QUIETUS discharge or short for quitus est = he is quit
A383 acquittance
QUIP sharp or sarcastic prob. abbrev. of quippy, perh. quippe =
A384 remark indeed, forsooth
QUONDAM former adj. use of quondam = formerly (orig. at any
 given moment), f. quom = when +
A385 generalizing particle -dam
QUOTE cite or refer to; quotre = number, f. quot = how many, or
A385 note quota = quota

R
RADIAL radilis, f. radius
A386
RADICAL (math., philol. radiclis, f. rdx, rdc- = root
etc.) pert. to a root
or radix; inherent,
A386 fundamental
RADIUS staff of a cross radius = staff, spoke, ray, radius of a circle, of
A386 the arm
RADIX (chiefly techn.) rdx = root of a plant
A386 root, basis
RAMPION species of bell f. some var. of the Rom. forms derived from
A388 flowers rapuncium, rapontium
RANUNCULUS crowfoot, rnunculus = little frog, tadpole, medicinal
A388 buttercup plant, dim. of rna = frog
RAPT transported with raptus, pp. of rapere = seize
emotion, plunged
A388 in thought
RARE uncommon rrus
A389
RATIOCINATION raticinti, -n-, f. raticinr = calculate,
deliberate, f. rati, -n- = reckoning,
judgment, understanding, reasoning, method,
motive, f. rat-, pp. stem of rr = think,
A389 reckon
RATIONAL based on or pert. ratinlis, f. rati, -n- = reckoning,
to reason judgment, understanding, reasoning, method,
motive, f. rat-, pp. stem of rr = think,
A389 reckon
REAL actually existing relis, f. rs = thing
or present that is
truly what its
A391 name implies
RECANT recantre = recall, revoke, f. re- + cantre =
A391 sing, chant
RECAPITULATE f. pp. stem of recapitulre, f. re- + capitulum
A391 = section of a writing, chapter
RECIPE sb. formula for a recipe, imper. sg. of recipere = receive
medical
A392 prescription
RECIPROCAL done in return; reciprocus = moving backwards and
inversely related forwards, alternating recoprocos, f. recos +
A392 procos, f. re- and pro =
RECLINE (of a dial) incline reclnre = bend back, lay aside, recline, f. re-
A392 , B229 from the vertical + clnre = lean
RECOGNITION acknowledgement recogniti, -n-, f. recognit-, pp. stem of
as true or valid recognoscere = examine, recognize, f. re- +
congnoscere = get to know, investigate, f. co-
A392 + gnscere = know
RECOLLECT call back to ones f. recollect-, pp. stem of recolligere = collect
mind; collect; again, f. re- + colligere = collect
A392 collect again
RECTUM rctum, n. of rctus = straight
A393
RECUPERATE recover, regain f. pp. stem of recuperre, f. re- + cup- (as in
A393 occupre = occupy)
RECUSANT Roman Catholic recsns, -ant-, prp. of recsre = refuse, f.
who refused to re- + causa = cause
attend services of
the Church of
A393 England
REDUCE diminish redcere = bring back, restore, replace, f. re-
A393 + dcere = lead, bring
REDUPLICATE make double or f. pp. stem of reduplicre, f. re- + duplicre =
A394 twofold duplicate
REFRIGERATE cause to become f. pp. stem of refrgerre, f. re- + frgus,
A395 cold frgor- = cold
REFULGENT prp. of refulgre, f. re- + fulgre = shine
A395
REFUTE refuse; prove in reftre = repel, rebut, f. re- + ft-
A395
error, disprove
REGENERATE cause to be born f. pp. stem of regenerre, f. re- + generre, f.
again or genus, gener- = genus
A395 reproduced
REGULUS (astron.) bright dim. of rx, rg- = king
star in Leo;
metallic
antimony, app. so
called from its
ready combination
with gold;
metallic part of a
A396 mineral
REHABILITATE restore to former f. pp. stem of rehabilitre, re- + habilitre, f.
A396 status habilits = ability
REITERATE f. reitert-, f. re- + iterre = repeat
A396
RELAPSE vb. relaps-, pp. stem of relab, f. re- + lab = slip
A396
RELATE give an account f. stem of reltus, fuctioning as pp. of referre
of; (leg.) refer = refer
A396 back
RELAX free from legal relaxre, f. re- + laxus = lax
A396 restraint
RELEGATE send into exile f. pp. stem of relgre = send away, refer, f.
 A397 re- + lgre = send
RELENT grow gentle or relentre, f. re- + lentre = bend, soften, f.
A397 forgiving lentus = flexible
RELEVANT pertinent to relevns, -ant-, prp. of relevre = raise up,
A397 relieve
RELICT relic; pl. remains relictus, n. sg. -um, n. pl. -a, pp. of relinquere
A397 = leave behind, relinquish
REMAND send a prisoner remandre = send back word, repeat a
into custody command, f. re- + mandre = command, send
A397 word
REMANET remainder L. = there or it remains, 3rd sg. pres. ind. of
A397 remanre = remain
REMINISCENCE reminiscentia, f. reminisc = remember, f. re-
A397 + men- = revolve in the mind, think
REMIT put back remittere = send back, slacken, relax,
A397 postpone, f. re- + mittere = put, send
REMONSTRATE demonstrate f. pp. stem of remnstrre = demonstrate, f.
A398 re- + mnstrre = show
REMORA sucking-fish remora = delay, hindrance, f. re- + mora =
A398 delay
REMUNERATE f. pp. stem of remnerr, f. re- + mnerre,
A398 -r, f. mnus, mner- = gift, reward
RENEGUE deny, renounce; renegre, f. re- + negre = deny
A398 refuse
RENOVATE f. pp. stem of renovre, f. re- + novre =
A398 make new, f. novus = new
REPERCUSSION repulsion, f. re- + percussi, -n-, f. pp. stem of
repulse, recoil; percutere = strike or thrust through, f. per- +
A399 , B405 reverberation quatere = shake, strike, dash
REPERTORY index, list; repertrium, f. repert-, pp. stem of reperre =
storehouse, find
A399 repository
REPOSE place (trust) in f. re- + pose, after repnere, f. re- + ponere =
A399 place
REPROBATE rejected by God; reprobtus, pp. of reprobre = disapprove, f.
of abandoned re- + probre = approve, prove
A399 chraracter; sb.
REPUDIATE put away (a wife); f. pp. stem of repudire, f. repudium =
A399 reject divorce
REPULSE driving back; repulsus, repulsa, f. pp. stem of repellere =
A400 refusal, rejection repel
RESCRIPT decretal epistle rescriptum = imperial decision, sb. use of n.
from the Pope in of pp. rescriptus of rescrbere = reply in
reply to a writing to a petition, etc., f. re- + scrbere =
question; edict, write
A400 decree
RESTRICT f. restrict-, pp. stem of restringere = confine,
A401 bind fast, f. re- + stringere = draw tight
RESURGE rise again resurgere, f. re- + surgere = rise
 A401
RESUSCITATE f. pp. stem of resuscitre, f. re- + suscitre =
raise, revive, f. sus- = sub- + citre = put in
A401 motion, excite
RETICULAR resembling or f. rticulum = reticule
constructed like a
A402 net
RETORT repay, requite; f. retort-, pp. stem of retorqure, f. re- +
A402 cast back torqure = twist
RETRACT restraint, f. retract-, pp. stem of retrahere, f. re- +
A402 withdraw trahere = draw
RETRIBUTION recompense for retribti, -n-, f. retribuere, f. re- + tribuere
A402 evil = assign
RETROGRADE tending or retrgradus, f. retro- + gradus = step
inclined to go
A402 backwards
REVERBERATE beat or drive f. pp. stem of reverberre, f. re- + verberre
back; re-echo; = strike, beat, f. verbera = rods, scourge
A402 intr.
RHAPSODY epic poem or part rhapsdia Gr. rhapsid, f. rhapsids =
of one suitable for rhapsodist, f. rhptein = stitch + id = song
recitation at one
time; miscellany,
A403 medley
RHETOR (professional) rethor, var. of rhtor Gr. rhtr
A403 orator
RIGID not pliant or rigidus, f. rigre = be stiff
A405 , B423 yielding; strict
RISIBLE inclined to risibilis, f. rs, pp. stem of rdre = laugh
A406 laughter
RIVAL sb. rvlis = one who uses the same stream with
A406 another, f. rvus = stream
ROGUE one of a class of prob. roger = begging vagabond pretending
vagrants; to be a poor scholar from Oxford or
unprincipled man; Cambridge; f. rogre = ask, beg
mischievous
A407 person
ROSTRUM platform for rstrum = beak, snout, etc. f. rdere = gnaw
public speakers in
ancient Rome,
adorned with
beaks of captured
A408 ships
RUMINATE meditate (upon); f. pp. stem of rminr, -re, f. rmen, rmin-
A410 chew the cud = throat, gullet, first stomach of a ruminant
RUSTIC sb. countryman, rsticus, f. rs = country
A411 peasant

S
SABBATH the Lords Day, sabbatum Gr. sbbaton Heb. abbth, f.
A412 Sunday bath = rest
SABBATICAL pert. to the sabbaticus Gr. sabbatiks, f. sbbaton
Sabbath; pert. to Heb. = rest
the seventh year
prescribed by
Mosaic law to be
observed as a
A412 Sabbath
SALIENT leaping (first in salins, -ent-, prp. of salre = leap
A414 her.)
SALUBRIOUS salbris, f. sals = health
A415
SANDARAC realgar sandaraca Gr. sandark(h)
A416
SANIES sanis
A416
SATIATE satisfy f. pp. stem of satire, f. satis = enough
A418
SATURATE satisfy, satiate f. pp. stem of saturre, f. satur = full, satiated
A418
SCABROUS fig. harsh f. scaber, scabr-, f. scabis = roughness, f.
A419 scabere = scratch, scrape
SCALE (mus.) series of scla = usu. pl. steps, staircase, ladder, f. base
A419 graduated sounds of scandere = climb
SCAN criticize, test; scandere = climb, measure (verses)
examine or
consider closely;
interpret;
A420 discern
SCARAB beetle scarabus Gr. krabos = stag beetle
A420
SCENE apparatus for scna, scna = stage, scene Gr. skn =
setting forth the tent, stage, scene, rel. to ski = shadow
action of a play;
division of an act
of a play; place of
an action; stage
A421 performance
SCHEME figure of rhetoric schma Gr. schema = form, figure
A421
SCHOLASTIC pert. to the scholasticus Gr. skholastiks = studious,
schoolmen learned, sb. scholar, f. skholzein = be at
leisure, devote ones leisure to learning, f.
A421 skhlol = leisure
SCHOLIUM , PL. explanatory note, L. Gr. skhlion, f. skhol = learned
-IA comment discussion
A422
SCRIBE secretary, clerk; scrba = official or public writer, f. scrbere =
copyist, write, trace characters
A424 transcriber
SCROTUM scrtum (scrautum = skin sheath for arrows)
A424
SCRUTATOR one who scrttor, f. scrtr = search, examine, f.
examines closely scrta = trash, rubbish; the orig. application
being to the rummaging of rag-pickers or the
A425 searching of persons
SCURRILOUS coarsely f. synon. scurrile, f. scurrlis, f. scurra =
opprobrious or buffoon
A425 , B443 jocullar
SECRETARY minister at the scrtrius = confidential officer, sb. use of
head of a adj. f. scrtus = secret
department of
A426 state
SECTOR plane figure sector (agent-noun of secre = cut)
contained by two
radii and the arc
of a curve
intercepted by
them; instrument
invented by
Thomas Hood for
the mechanical
solution of
mathematical
problems
A426
SECULAR occurring once in sculris, f. sculum = generation, age
A427 an age
SECURE (arch.) feeling no scrus, f. se- + cra = care
A427 care; safe, certain
SEDULOUS diligent or f. sdulus = eager, zealous, f. sdul =
persistent in zealously, carefully, for s dol = without
A427 application guile, with zeal
SEGMENT sb. segmentum, f. sec- stem of secre = cut
A427
SEGREGATE f. pp. stem of sgregre, f. se- + grex, greg- =
A427 flock
SELECT specially chosen, slectus, pp. of sligere = choose out, f. se- +
A428 picked legere = collect, choose
SELENITE suplhate of lime selnts Gr. selnts, f. seln = moon; so
or gypsum called because supposed to wax and wane
A428 with the moon
SEMINARY place of sminrium, sb. use of n. of sminrius, f.
production, smen, smin- = seed
cultivation, or
A428 education
SENARIUS (pros.) iambic snrius, sb. use of adj., f. sn = six each, f.
A428 trimeter sex = six
SENIOR that ranks higher senior, compar. of senex = old
A429
SENNA (leaflets of) the sen(n)a Arab. san
 A429 cassia plant
SENSE faculty of snsus = faculty of feeling, sensibility, mode
perception or of feeling, thought, meaning, f. sns-, pp.
sensation; actual stem of sentre = feel
perception or
A429 feeling
SEPIA cuttlefish spia Gr. sp
A429
SEPS very venomous sps Gr. sps, base of spein = rot
A429 serpent
SERENE (of weather, etc.) sernus = clear, fair, calm
clear and calm;
honorific epithet
A430 of a prince
SEROUS pert. to serum sersus, f. serum
A430 , B449
SERVICE tree of the genus sorbea, f. sorbus = service tree
A431Sorbus
SESTERCE ancient Roman sestertius = that is two and a half, f. smis =
A431 coin half + tertius = third
SETON issue created by a st, -n-, app. f. st = bristle, silk
thread etc. drawn
through a fold of
A431 the skin
SHAMBLES slaughter-house scamellum, dim. of scamnum = bench
A433
SIDERAL pert. to the stars sderlis, f. sdus, sder- = constellation, star
A438
SINCERE sincrus
A439
SINCIPUT (anat.) front part sinciput, for senciput, f. smi- = half, semi- +
A439 of the skull caput = head
SINE (math.) one of the sinus = bend, fold of toga, bosom
three
trigonometrical
A439 functions
SINISTER unlucky, sinister = left
A440 , B461 unfavourable
SINUOUS marked by turns sinusus sinus = semicircular fold, bosom,
A440 , B461 or bends bay
SINUS (path.) abscess, sinus = semicircular fold, bosom, bay
A440 etc.
SITUATE situated situtus, f. situs = site
A441
SOCK shoe worn by soccus Gr. skkhos, sukkhs
comic actors on
the Greek and
A447 Roman stage
SODA sodium carbonate perh. back-formation f. sodnum = glasswort,
A447 based on Arab. = headache
SOLIFIDIAN (theol.) one who f. sli-, comb. form of slus = sole + fides =
holds that faith faith
alone is sufficient
A448 for justification
SOLVE explain, clear up; solvere = unfasten, free, pay, for seluere, f. se
A449 clear off (a debt) = se- + luere = pay
SOPORIFEROUS producing sleep f. soprifer, f. sopor, -r- = sleep
A450
SORGHUM Indian millet L. It. sorgo, perh. Rom. syricum
A450
SORITES (logic) chain srts Gr. srts, f. srs = heap
syllogism, in
which the
conclusion is
formed of the first
subject and the
A450 last predicate
SOT habitual drunkard sottus
A450
SPARTAN adj. Spartnus, f. Sparta (Gr. Spart)
A452
SPATULA flat elongated var. of spathula, dim. of spatha = spathe
A452 implement
SPECIES outward form; specis, f. spec- of specere = look, behold
A452 kind
SPHINCTER (anat.) muscular L. Gr. sphigktr = band, contractile muscle,
ring normally f. sphggein = bind tight
A453 closing an orifice
SPHINX (Gr. myth.) hybrid L. Gr. Sphgx, f. sphggein = bind tight
monster which
propounded a
riddle; figure of
creature having a
human head and
breast with a
lions body;
inscrutable being
A453
SPIGNEL (aromatic root of) spigurnella
Meum
A453 athamanticum
SPIKE inflorescence of spca, -us, -um
sessile flowers on
a long axis;
A453 lavender
SPINAL pert. to the spine spnlis
A453
SPURIOUS illegitimate f. spurius = illegitimate, false
A456
SQUALID repulsively foul squlidus, f. squlre = be dry, rough, dirty
 A456
STADIUM ancient Greek and L. Gr. stdion, earlier spdion = racecourse,
Roman measure f. span = draw
A457 of length
STATE commonwealth; status = manner of standing, condition, f.
body politic, base of stre = stand
territory
A459 belonging thereto
STELLAR stellris, f. stella =star
A461
STERNUTATION (act of) sneezing sterntti, -n-, f. sterntre, frequent. of
A462 sternuere = sneeze
STIGMA (arch.) mark L. Gr. stgma, -mat- = mark made by a
branded pointed instrument, brand, f. stig-, as in
A462 stzein = prick
STOIC pert. to the school sticus Gr. stiks, f. sto = the Porch in
of philosophers which Zeno taught at Athens
founded by Zeno;
A463 sb.
STOLID stolidus, poss. rel. to stultus = foolish
A464 , B496
STRAP leather band var. of struppus, stroppus
A465
STRENUOUS vigorous; ardently f. strnuus = brisk, active, valiant
A466 energetic
STRIA (arch.) fillet stria = furrow, grooving
between flutes of
A466 columns, etc.
STRICT tight, close; strictus, pp. of stringere = draw tight
restricted in
space, narrow;
(techn.) straight
and stiff; in
various non-
physical senses
close, intricate;
A466 rigorous, exact
STRIGIL instrument for strigilis, f. strig-, base of stringere = touch
A466 scraping the skin lightly
STRUMA (path.) scrofula strma = scrofulous tumour
A467
STRUMOUS strmsus, f. strma = scrofulous tumour
A467
STYGIAN pert. to the river f. Stygius Gr. Stgios, f. Stx, Stug-, rel. to
Styx (river of stugein = hate
A468 Hell); infernal
SUBALTERN of inferior status subalternus, f. sub- + alternus, f. alter = one
A469 or other of two
SUBJUNCTIVE (gram.) subjunctvus, f. pp. stem of subiungere =
A469 , B240 subjoin
SUBLIMATE rise to a high f. pp. stem of sublmre, f. sublmis, -us, f.
A469 state sub- + lmen, lmin- = threshold
SUBLUNARY existing or f. sublnris, f. sub- + lna = moon
situated beneath
A469 the moon
SUBORN procure by subornre, f. sub- + ornre = equip
underhand or
A469 unlawful means
SUBSCRIBE intr. write to subscrbere, f. sub- + scrbere = write
A469
SUBSIST exist as substance subsistere = stand still or firm, f. sub- +
A469 or entity sistere = stand
SUBSTITUTE appoint as f. pp. stem of substituere, f. sub- + statuere =
deputy or set up, establish, decree
delegate; put one
in place of
A470 another
SUBSUME bring under, subsmere, f. sub- + smere = take
subjoin; state a
A470 minor premiss
SUBTEND (geom.) extend subtendere, f. sub- + tendere = stretch, extend,
under, be opposite aim at
A470 to
SUBTRACT withdraw; f. substract-, pp. stem of subtrahere, f. sub- +
A470 deduct trahere = draw
SUCCINT adj. brief and succintus, pp. of succingere, f. sub- + cingere
A470 concise = gird
SUCCUBUS demon in female succubus, m. form with fem. meaning; corr. to
form having succuba, f. sub- + cub- = lie down
intercourse with
A470 men
SUFFOCATE f. pp. stem of suffocre, f. suf- = sub- + faucs
A471 = throat
SUFFRAGE vote suffrgium, partly through F. suffrage
A471
SUFFUSE overspread as suffs-, pp. stem of suffundere, f. suf- = sub- +
with fluid, colour, fundere = pour
A471 etc.
SUGGEST f. suggest-, pp. stem of suggerere, f. sug- =
A471 sub- + gerere = bear, carry, bring
SUMMUM BONUM i.e. summum n. sg. of summus = highest,
A472 bonum n. sg. of bonus = good
SUMPTUARY pert. to sumpturius, f. sumptus = expenditure,
A472 expenditure expense, f. smere, sumpt- = consume, spend
SUPERCILIOUS supercilisus, f. supercilium = eyebrow, f.
A473 super- + cilium = eyelid
SUPEREROGATION performance of supererogti, -n-, f. supererogre, f. super-
good works + ergre = pay out, f. e- + rogre = ask
beyond what is
A473 required
SUPERFICIES surface f. super- + facis = face
A473
SUPERFINE over-refined superfnus, f. super- + fnus = fine
A473
SUPERNACULUM (drink) to the last tr. G. auf den nagel (trinken) = on to the nail
A473 drop
SUPERNATURAL superntrlis, f. super- + ntra = nature
A473
SUPERSUBSTANTI - spiritual; supersubstantilis, tr. Gr. epiosions (from the
AL transcending all Bible)
substance
A473
SUPERVISE survey f. supervs-, pp. stem of supervidre, f. super-
A473 + vidre = see
SUPPRESS subdue (feelings, f. suppress-, pp. stem of supprimere, f. sub- +
A474 etc.); keep secret premere = press
SUPPURATE cause to form f. pp. stem of supprre, f. sub- + ps = pus
A474 pus
SUPREME (poet.) loftiest, suprmus, f. supr
topmost; higest in
authority of rank;
of the highest
A474 quality or degree
SURD (math.) irrational surdus = deaf, mute, silent, dull, indistict
A474
SYBARITE Sybarta Gr. Subarts, f. Sbaris, ancient
Greek city of S. Italy, noted for its effeminacy
A477 and luxury
SYCAMINE black mulberry scamnus Gr. skmnon, f. Heb. =
A477 sycamore
SYCOSIS ulcer or eruption scsis Gr. sksis, f. sukon
A478 resembling a fig.
SYLLEPSIS (gram.) figure by syllpsis Gr. sllpsis, f. syl- + lepsis =
which one word taking, f. lb- lb- lab-, base of lambnein =
or form is made take
to refer to two or
more in the same
sentence while
strictly applying
A478 to only one
SYLVAN , SILVAN sb. inhabitant of silvnus, syl-, f. silva = wood
the woods; adj.
pert. to a wood or
A478 , B459 woods, wooded
SYMBOL something that symbolum Gr. smbolon = mark, token,
represents watchword, f. sym- + bol-, as in bol, blos =
A478 something else a throw
SYMPATHY affinity; sympatha Gr. sumptheia, f. sumpaths =
aggrement; having a fellow-feeling, f. sym- + path-, base
conformity, of of pthos = feeling, pathos
 feelings or
A478 temperament
SYMPTOM symptma Gr. smptma = chance, accident,
mischance, f. sumpptein = fall upon, happen
A478 to f. sym- + pptein = fall
SYNAERESIS contraction of two synresis Gr. sunaresis, f. syn- + hairein =
A478 vowels take
SYNCOPATION (gram.) syncopti, -n-, f. syncopre, f. syncop
contraction of a Gr. sugkhop, f. syn- + kop- = strike, cut off
word by elision of
one or more
syllables; (mus.)
beginning a note
on a normally
unaccented part
of the bar and
continuing it into
the normally
accented part
A478
SYNCOPE (path.) failure of syncop Gr. sugkhop, f. syn- + kop- =
the hearts action; strike, cut off
grammatical
A478 syncopation
SYNONYM synnymum Gr. sunnumon, sb. use of n. sg.
A479 of sunnumos, f. syn- + numa = name
SYSTOLE (physiol.) regular systol Gr. sustol, f. sy- + stol- stel- =
contraction of the place, after sustllein = contract
A479 heart and arteries

T
TAENIA , TENIA band, fillet L. Gr. tain
A480
TALES writ for tls, pl. of tlis, such in phr. tales de
summoning circumstantibus = such persons from those
jurors; list of standing about
persons so
A481 summoned
TAMARIND fruit of the tree tamarindus Arab. tamr hid = date of India
Tamarindus
A481 indica
TANGENT (geom.) adj. tangns, -ent-, prp.of tangere = touch
touching at a
A482 point; sb.
TANTALIZE f. Tantalus, name of a mythical king of
Phrygia condemned to stand in Tartarus up to
his chin in water which receded as he stooped
A482 to drink
TARANTULA large wolf-spider L. It. Tarantola, f. Taranto, where it is
A482 of S. Europe commonly found
TARRAGON repr. tragonia and tarchon (Gr. tarkhn
A483 Arab. drkn)
TAUTOLOGY tautologia Gr. tautolog, f. tautolgos =
repeating what has been said, f. taut = the
A484 same + lgos = saying
TEMERARIOUS unreasonably bold f. temerrius = fortuitous, rash, f. temere =
A485 or venturous blindly, rashly
TEMPORAL pert. to the temporlis, f. tempus, tempor- = temple
A486 temples
TENACIOUS tenx, tenc-, f. tenre = hold
A486
TENUITY thinness, tenuits, f. tenuis = thin
A486
meagreness
TERGIVERSATION desertion of a tergiversati, -n-, f. tergiversr, f. tergum =
cause; back + vers-, pp. stem of vertere = turn
contradictory
A487 behaviour
TERRESTRIAL pert. to the earth f. terrestris, f. terra = earth
A487
TETANUS spasm and L. Gr. ttanos, f. base of tenein = stretch
rigidity of the
A488 muscles
THEOREM general therma Gr. therma = speculation,
proposition theory, proposition to be proved, f. therein =
demonstrable by look at, f. thers = spectator
A489 , B526 argument
THEORY mental theria Gr. ther = comntemplation,
conception, speculation, sight, f. thers = spectator, f.
scheme of thea-, base of theasthai = look upon,
A489 thought contemplate
THERIAC (arch.) antidote thriaca, -c Gr. thriak, sb. use of fem. of
adj. f. thron = wild beast, venomous animal,
A490 dim. of thr = wild beast
THESIS , PL . proposition, thesis Gr. thsis = placing, setting, f. the- ,
THESES theme base of tithnai = place
A490
THEURGY magic of the thergia Gr. theourg, f. thes = god +
Egyptian -ergos = working
A490 Platonists
THOMIST follower of Thmista, f. Thms
Thomas Aquinas,
scholastic
philosopher and
A491 theologian
THORAX (anat.) part of the thrx, Gr. thrx, -k- = breastplate, breast,
body between the chest
neck and the
A491 abdomen
THRASONICAL given to boasting f. thras, -n- Gr. Thrsn, name of the
braggart soldier in Terences Eunuchus, f.
 A491 thrass = bold, resolute
TIARA conical cap of tira Gr. tira, tiras, partly through It.
A493
ancient Persians tiara
TINCTURE imparted quality, tinctra = dyeing, f. tinct-, pp. stem of tingere
tinge; (alch.) = dye, tinge
supposed spiritual
A494 principle
TINTINNABULUM small tinkling bell f. tintinnre, redupl. f. tinnre = ring, tinkle
A495
TITUBATE stagger, totter f. pp. stem of titubre
A496
TOGA rel. to tegere = cover
A496
TOPHUS soft porous stone, tphus
esp. deposited by
A498 calcareous springs
TORPEDO (zool.) electric ray torpd, f. torpre = be stiff or numb
A498
TORUS , PL. TORI (archit.) large torus = swelling, round moulding
A499convex moulding
TRACHEA (anat.) tube trcha, trcha Gr. trkheia, fem. of
extending from trkhs = rough
the larynx to the
A500 bronchi
TRACT act of drawing or tractus, f. pp. stem of trahere = draw
something drawn
in various uses
identical with
those of trace and
tract, now chiefly
stretch or extend
A500 of territory
TRACTABLE tractbilis, f. tractre = treat
A500
TRADITION delivery, trditi, -n-, f. trdere = hand over, deliver,
A500 , B116transmission f. trans- + dre = give
TRADUCE transport; trdcere, f. trns- = trans- + dcere = lead
translate;
transmit;
propagate; speak
A500 evil of
TRANSACT do business, f. transact-, pp. stem of transigere = drive
treat through, accomplish, f. trans- + agere = drive,
A501 do
TRANSCEND go beyond, tran(s)scendere = climb over, surmount, f.
A501 , B436 climb over trans- + scandere = climb
TRANSCRIBE make a copy of transcrbere, f. trans- + scrbere = write
A501
TRANSEPT transverse part of transeptum = cross division
a cruciform
 church, either arm
A501 of this
TRANSFER make over by transferre, f. trans- + ferre = bear
A501 legal process
TRANSFIX impale upon a f. transfix-, pp.stem of transfigere, f. trans- +
A501 sharp point figere = fix, fasten
TRANSGRESS go beyond the transgress-, pp. stem of transgred, f. trans- +
bounds prescribed grad = step
A501 by law, etc.
TRANSIRE warrant transre = pass over, f. trans- + re = go
permitting the
passage of
A501 merchandise
TRANSLUCENT shining through translcns, -ent-, prp. of trans- + lcere =
A501 shine
TRANSMARINE that is beyond the transmarnus, f. trans- + marnus = marine
A501 sea
TRANSMIGRATION passage of the transmigrti, -n- = change of country, f.
soul at death into trans- + migrre, prob. based on mei-, change
another body,
A501 metempsychosis
TRANSPIRE emit as vapour transpirre, f. trans- + spirre = breathe
A502 , B482
TRANSUBSTANTI - change of tran(s)substantiti, -n-, f.
ATION substance spec. of tran(s)substantire
the Eucharistic
A502 bread and wine
TRAPEZIUM (geom.) irregular L. Gr. trapzion, f. trpeza = table, for tetra-
quadrilateral peza, f. tetra = four; or trapezoids Gr.
A502 trapezoeids
TRIBRACH (pros.) foot of 3 tribrachys Gr. trbrakhus, f. tri- + brakhs =
A504 short syllables short
TRIBUTE transf. and fig. tribtum, sb. use of n. of trbtus, pp. of
tribuere = assign, allot, grant, prop. to divide
A504 among the tribes, f. tribus = tribe
TRICEPS having three triceps, f. tri- + -ceps, adj. comb. form corr. to
heads (of a caput = head
muscle) or points
A504 of origin
TRIDENT three-pronged tridns, -dent-, f. tri- + dns = tooth
A504 instrument
TRIDENTINE pert. to the city of Tridentnus, f. Tridentum = Trent
Trent (Trento) in
N. Italy and the
Council of the
Roman Catholic
Church held there
A504 1545-63
TRIGLYPH (archit.) in the triglyphus Gr. trgluphos, f. tri- + gluph =
 Doric order, block carving
with three vertical
A504 grooves
TRIMETER (pros.) verse of trimetrus Gr. trmetros, f. tri- + mtron =
A505 three measures measure
TRIPOS tripod trips = tripod
A505
TRITE worn out by use trtus, pp. of terere = rub
A505
TRITON (Gr. and Rom. Trtn Gr. Trtn
myth.) sea-god,
son of Poseidon
A505 and Amphitrite
TRIUMVIR (Rom. hist.) one sg. deduced from pl. triumvir, back-
of a board of formation from trium virrum, g. pl. of trs
A505 three magistrates vir = three men
TRIVIAL such as may be trivilis, f. tri- + via = way
met with
A506 anywhere
TROCHEE (pros.) foot trochus Gr. trokhaios = running, tripping,
consisting of a f. trkhos = running, course, rel. to trkhein =
long followed by run
A506 a short syllable
TROCHILUS small Egyptian L. Gr. trokhlos, f. var. stem of trkhein =
bird said to have run
picked crocodiles
A506 teeth
TROGLODYTE cave-dweller trglodyta Gr. trglodts, corrupt form of
A506 trgodts, after trgl = hole
TROPE (rhet.) use of a tropus = figure of speech Gr. trpos = turn,
word or phrase in rel. to trpein = turn
a sense not proper
to it, figure of
A506 speech
TROPIC each of the two tropicus Gr. tropiks = pert. to the turning of
circles of the the sun at the solstice, fig. f. trop = turning,
celestial sphere putting to flight, defeat, rel. to trpein = turn
touching of the
ecliptic at the
A506 solstitial points
TRUCULENT truculentus, f. trux, truc- = fierce, savage
A507
TUMID swollen tumidus, f. tumre = swell
A508
TURBULENT disorderly, unruly turbulentus, f. turbre = disturb, agitate, f.
A509 turba = disturbance, crowd
TURNIP turnep(e), the first el. is unexpl.; the second is
A509 neep OE. np L. npus = turnip
TWAYBLADE ordchid of the tr. bifolium, f. tway, clipped form of twain +
genus Listera, blade
 etc., having two
A510 broad leaves
TYMPAN (typogr.) in a OE. timpana L. tympanum = tympanum
printing press,
frame for
equalizing
A511 pressure
TYRIAN pert. to Tyre, f. Tyrius, f. Tyrus = Tyre
ancient
Phoenician city
on the
Mediterranean,
spec. of a purple
or crimson dye
obtained from
A511 molluscs

U
ULNA (anat.) larger inner ulna = forearm, ell
bone of the
A512 forearm
ULTRAMARINE applied to a blue ultramarnus, f. ultra- + marnus, f. mare =
pigment obtained sea
orig. from lapis
A512 lazuli
ULTRAMONTANE (one) representing ultrmontnus, f. ultra- + montnus
the R.C.Ch.
beyond (i.e. north
of) the Alps and so
not favouring
extreme views of
A512 papal authority
UMBEL (bot.) umbella = sunshade, dim. of umbra =
inflorescence in shadow
which the flowers
are borne upon
nearly equal
pedicels springing
from a common
A513 , B556
centre
UMBILICAL pert. to the navel umbilclis, f. umbilcus, f. base of umb =
A513 boss of shield
UMBRA phantom, ghost umbra = shadow, shade, phantom
A513
UNCTION lubrication, uncti, -n-, f. unct-, pp. stem of ung(u)ere =
A514ointment anoint
UNDERWRITE subscribe (a tr. subscrbere = subscribe, f. sub- + scrbere
A514 document) = write
UNIT (math.) indivisible nus = one, prob. after digit
 whole regarded as
A515 the base of number
URBANE urban urbnus, -na, f. urbs, urb- = city
A517 , B559
URGE demand or entreat urgre = press, drive, compel
insistently; press
A517 or drive forward
URN vessel for holding urna urcn, rel. to urceus = pitcher
voting-tablets or
A517 the like
URSINE pert. to or like a ursnus, f. ursus = bear
A517 bear
UXORIOUS excessively uxrius, f. uxor = wife
devoted to ones
A518 wife

V
VACILLATE swing or sway f. pp. stem of vacillre = sway, totter
A519 unsteadily
VAGARY roaming, ramble; vagr = wander
wandering in
speech; frolic,
A519 prank
VALE farewell val, imper. of valre = be strong or well
A519
VALETUDINARY not in robust valtdinrius = in ill health, f. valtd,
health, constantly -din- = state of health, f. valre = be strong or
concerned with well
A519 ones ailments
VANDAL member of a Gmc. Vandalus Gmc. Wandal-, -il-, -ul-
tribe which
invaded Western
Europe in the
fourth and fifth
century and in 455
A520 sacked Rome
VARIOUS variable, f. varius
A521 changeable
VAST vastus = waste, uncultivated, immense, pp.
formation on a base ws-, repr. also by vnus
A523 = vain
VENTILATE investigate freely; f. pp. stem of ventilre = brandish, fan,
sift by discussion winnow, agitate, discuss, air a subject, f.
A523 ventus = wind
VENTRILOQUY f. venter, ventr- = belly + loqu = speak
A523
VENUS beautiful woman; Venus (goddess of the ancient Romans) =
A523 (her.) green venus, vener- = love
VERBENA (Rom. antiq., usu. L.
pl. verbenae)
 certain leaves or
twigs used in
sacred rites;
A523 vervain
VERNAL pert. to the spring vernlis, f. vernus = of the spring, f. vr =
A524 spring
VERSED (math.) in v. sine tr. sinus versus, i.e. sinus = sine, versus =
A524 turned, pp. of vertere = turn
VERTEX (geom.) point vertex, vertic- = whirl, vortex, crown of the
A524 opposite the base head, highest point, f. vertere = turn
VERTIGO vertg, -gin-
A524
VETERAN experienced veternus, f. vetus, veter- = old
A525 , B568 soldier
VIATICUM Holy Communion viticum = travelling money, provisions for a
as administered to journey, sb. use of n. of viticus, f. via = via
the dying;
necessaries for a
A525 journey
VIBRANT agitated, prp. of vibrre = move rapidly to and fro,
A525 energetic shake, be agitated
VICISSITUDE mutation, vicissitd, f. vicissim = by turns, f. vic- =
A526 , B569 mutability turn
VIDE see, refer to vid, imper. sg. of vidre = see
A526
VINCIBLE that may be vincibilis, f. vincere = overcome
A527 overcome
VINDICATE set free f. pp. stem of vindicre = claim, set free,
punish, avenge, f. vindex, -dic- = claimant,
A527 protector, deliverer, avenger
VIRID green viridis, f. virre = be green
A527
VIRUS venom vrus, rel. to OIr., Gr., Skr.
A528
VITIATE render faulty or f. pp. stem of vitire, f. vitium = vice
A528 corrupt
VITUPERATE blame in strong f. pp. stem of vituperre, f. vitu- for viti-,
A528 language stem of vitium = vice
VIVARIUM enclosed place for L. = warren, fishpond, sb. use of vvrius, f.
keeping live vvus = alive
A528 animals, esp. fish
VIZ . = videlicet repr. vi, in which is the normal symbol for
A528 the termination -et
VOTARY one bound by vow f. vt-, pp. stem of vovre = vow
to a religious life
or devoted to a
A529 pursuit, etc.
VOTE sb. vtum = vow, wish, sb. use of n. pp. of
A530 vovre = desire, vow
VULGAR ordinary, common, vulgris, f. vulgus, volgus = the common
 commonplace; people
(chiefly pl.)
common or vulgar
A530 person
VULVA (anat.) external vulva, volva = womb, matrix
genitals of the
A530 female

W
---

X
---

Y
---

Z
ZIBET zibethum
A551
 9. The Seventeenth Century

A
ABNEGATE f. pp. stem of abnegre, f. ab- + negre = say
A2 no, deny
ABRADE abrdere, f. ab- + rdere = scrape
A2
ABRUPT steep abruptus, pp. of abrumpere, f. ab- + rumpere
A2 = break
ABSTEMIOUS f. abstmius, f. abs- + base of tmtum =
A2 intoxicating drink
ACANTHUS L. Gr. kanthos, f. kantha = thorn
A3
ACCLAIM acclmre, f. ac- + clmre = call
A3
ACCLIVITY ascending slope acclvits, f. acclvis, f. ac- + clvus = slope,
accrscere, f. ac- + crscere = grow
A3
ACCRETION accrti, -n-, f. accrt-, pp. stem of
A3 accrscere, f. ac- + crscere = grow
ACCURATE accrtus, f. accrre, f. ac- + cra = care
A3
ACQUIESCE remain quiet; acquiscere, f. ac- + quiscere = rest
submit; agree
A4 tacitly
ACT section of a drama ctus = doing, f. ct-, pp. stem of agere = do
A4
ADEPT adeptus, f. adept-, pp. stem of adipsc =
A5 attain, acquire, f. apere = fasten
ADEQUATE adqutus, pp. of adqure = equalize, f.
A5 quus = equal
ADJUTANT aditns, -ant-, prp. of aditre, frequent. of
A5 adivre = help
AD LIBITUM phr. i.e. ad = according to, libitum = pleasure
A5
ADMIXTURE f. admixt-, pp. stem of admiscre, f. ad- +
A6 miscre = mix
ADULT sb. adultus, pp. of adolscere = grow up
A6
ADUMBRATE overshadow f. pp. stem of adumbrre, f. ad- + umbra =
A6 shade, shadow
ADVENTITIOUS coming from f. adventitius, medL. sp. of adventcius, f.
without, advent-, pp. stem of advenre = arrive, f. ad-
A6 accidental, casual + venre = come
AEON, EON an age of the L. on Gr. ain = age
A7 universe
AERIAL pert. to or f. erius, f. Gr. rios, f. r, er- = air
resembling air or
A7 the atmosphere
AFFECT display or assume affectre, f. affect-, pp. stem of afficere = act
openly; assume or upon, influence, f. ad- + facere = do
pretend falsely,
attack, influence,
A7 , B150 move
AFFIDAVIT statement 3rd pers. sing. pt. of affdre = declare on
A7 confirmed by oath oath, f. af- + fdre, f. fdus = trusty
AGGLOMERATE gather into a mass f. pp. stem of agglomerre, f. ag- + glomus =
A8 ball, mass
AGGRAVATE incense, provoke f. pp. stem of aggravre, f. ag- + gravis =
A8 heavy
AGRARIAN f. agrarius, f. ager, agr- = land
A8
ALBATROSS usu. taken to be alt., by assoc. with albus =
A10 white, of alcatras = pelican
ALBUM blank book for the album (white tablet on which records were
insertion of inscribed, list)
A10 collected items
ALEATORY depending on letrius, f. letor = gambler, f. lea =
A10 chance game of chance
ALGID cold, chill algidus, f. algre = be cold
A10
ALIAS another name alis = at another time, otherwise, f. alius =
A10 other
ALIMONY alimnia, f. alere = nourish
A11
ALKALI any substance L. Arab. al-kily = calcined ashes, f. kal =
having the fry
A11 properties of soda
ALLITERATION allitterti, -n-, f. al- + littera = letter
A11
ALLOCATE f. pp. stem of allocre, f. al- + locre = place
A11
ALLOCUTION address, allocti, -n-, f. alloct-, pp. stem of
exhortation alloqu = address, f. al- + loqu = speak
A11
ALLODIUM estate held in al(l)dium, f. Frankish ald = entire property
absolute
A11 ownership
ALLUVIUM deposit left by n. of alluvius = washed against, f. al- + luv-
water flowing over of luerre = wash
A12 land
ALUMNUS f. alere = nourish, bring up
A12
AMANUENSIS manunsis, f. man in servus man =
A13 slave at hand, secretary
AMBULATORY ambultrius, f. pp. stem of ambulre = walk

A13
AMIANTHUS variety of asbestos amiantus Gr. amanthos, f. a- + mianein =
A14 defile
AMNION (anat.) caul. L. Gr. amnon, dim. of amns = lamb
A14
AMPHIBIAN amphibium Gr. amphbion
A14
AMPUTATE f. pp. stem of amputre, f. am- for amb- +
A14 putre = prune, lop
ANALECTS literary gleanings analecta Gr. anlekta = things gathered up,
A15 f. an = up, ana- + lgein = gather
ANCILLARY ancillris, f. ancilla = hand-maid
A15
ANDROGYNOUS hermaphrodite; f. androgynus Gr. andrgunos
A16 spec. in bot.
ANECDOTE (pl.) secret anecdota Gr. ankdota = things
A16 history unpublished
ANGLICAN Anglicnus, f. Anglicus, f. Anglus = Angle
A16
ANGLICISM English feature or f. Anglicus, f. Anglus = Angle
A16 idiom
ANGLO -SAXON Anglo-Saxones pl., earlier Angli Saxones
A16
ANILE pass criticism on anlis, f. anus = old woman
A16
ANIMADVERT pass criticism on animadvertere, i.e. animum advertere = turn
A16 the mind to
ANIMALCULE microscopic animalculum, dim. of animal
A17 animal
ANOMALOUS anmalus Gr. anmalos = uneven
A17
ANONYMOUS anonymus Gr. annumos, f. an- + noma =
A17 name
ANTEDILUVIAN before the Flood ante- + dluvium= deluge
A18
ANTENNA horn or feeler of antenna, prop. antemna = sail-yard, used in
A18 insects pl. to tr. Aristotles keraioi = horns of insects
ANTERIOR anterior, f. ante-
A18 , B14
ANXIOUS f. anxius, f. pp. stem anx- of angere = choke,
A18 oppress
APERIENT f. aperins, -ent-, prp. of aperre = open
A19
APEX apex, apic-
A19
APIARY apirium, f. apis = bee
A19
APODOSIS (gram.) consequent L. Gr. apdosis = a giving back
clause answering
A19 to the protasis
APOTHEOSIS deification L. apotheis Gr. apothsis, f. apotheoun
A19 = deify, f. thes = god
APPARATUS appartus, f. apparre = make ready, f. ap- +
A20 parre = prepare
APPLICABLE capable of being applicre, f. ap- + plicre = fold
A20 applied
APPOSITE appositus, pp. of appnere = apply, f. ap- +
A20 pnere = place
APPRECIATE estimate duly; f. pp. stem of appretire = set price on, f. ap-
A20 esteem highly + pretium = price
AQUEOUS f. aqua = water
A21
AQUILINE eagle-like, hooked aquilnus, f. aquila = eagle
A21
ARBOREAL f. arboreus, f. arbor = tree
A21
ARCHAEOLOGY archologia Gr. akrhaiolog, f. arkhaios
A21 = ancient
ARCHETYPE archetypum Gr. arkhtupon, sb. use of n. of
adj. first moulded as a model, f. arkhe- +
A21 tpos = model
ARCHIMANDRITE superior of a archimandrta ecclGr. arkhimandrts, f.
A21 monastery archi- + mndr = monastery
AREA enclosed court rea = vacant piece of ground
A22
ARENA arna, prop. harna = sand, centre of an
A22 amphitheatre
ARID ridus, f. rre = be dry or parched
A22 , B18
ARMAMENT armmentum, f. armre
A22
ASCETIC ascticus, f. Gr. asktiks, f. askts = monk,
A24 hermit, f. askein = exercise
ASININE asinnus, f. asinus = ass
A24
ASPERSE calumniate f. aspers-, pp. stem of aspergere, f. ad- +
A24 spargere = sprinkle
ASSERT f. assert-, pp. stem of asserere, f. as- +
A25 serere = join
ASTERISK asteriscus Gr. asterskos, dim. of astr =
A25 star
ASTRAL astrlis, f. astrum Gr. stron = star
A26
ASTUTE asttus, f. astus = craft, cunning
A26 , B22
ASYMPTOTE (geom.) line which asymptta Gr. asmpttos, sb. use of adj.
 approaches nearer not falling together
and nearer to a
curve without
A26 meeting it
ATMOSPHERE atmosphra, f. Gr. atms = vapour +
A27 sphaira = sphere
ATRABILIOUS melancholy, ill- f. tra blis = black bile
A27 tempered
ATRIUM central court of trium
A27 Roman house
ATROCIOUS f. atrx, atrc- = terrible, fierce, f. ter =
A27 black + oc- stem of oculus = eye
ATROPHY wasting away of atrophia Gr. atroph, f. trophos = ill-
A27 the body nourished, f. a- + trphein = nourish
AUGUST of stately dignity augustus, f. base of augre = increase
A28 , B23
AURICLE external ear, lobe- auricula, dim. of auris = ear
A28
shaped process
AUSCULTATION listening (spec. auscultti, -n-, f. auscultre = listen to
A28 med.)
AUTOMATON automaton, -um Gr. autmaton, f. auts =
A28 auto
AUXILIARY auxilirius, f. auxilium = help
A29
AVOCATION distraction from vocti, -n-, f. vocre, f. -, ab- + vocre
an occupation; task = call
to which one is
called away, minor
A29 occupation
AVULSION forcible separation vulsi, -n-, f. vuls- pp. stem of vellere, f.
A29 or removal - ab- + vellere = pluck

B
BASALT basalts, var. of basants Gr. basants, f.
A34 bsanos = touchstone
BENEFACTION doing good; gift for benefacti, -n-, f. beneficere, benefact-, f.
a charitable bene = well + facere = do
A38 purpose
BIBULOUS given to much bibulus, f. bibere = drink
A40 drinking
BICEPS muscle with double biceps = two headed, f. bi- = -ceps, rel. to
head or attachment caput = head
A40
BIENNIAL lasting two years; f. biennis = of two years, biennium = space
recuring every two of two years
A40 years
BIFID cleft in two bifidus, f. bi- + fid- base of findere = cleave
A40
BIFURCATE f. bifurcre, f. bifurcus = two forked, f. bi- +
A40 furca = fork
BIPED bips, biped-, f. bi- + ps = foot
A41
BIREME having two banks birmis, f. bi- + rmus = oar
A41 of oars
BISECT bi- + sect-, pp. stem of secre = cut
A41
BISMUTH bisemutum, latinization of G. wismut
A41
BLAND blandus
A42
BOLUS large pill blus Gr. bolos = clod, lump of earth
A45
BRONCHIA branches of the L. Gr. n. pl. brgkhia, f. brkhos =
A51 bronchi windpipe
BULB root of onion, etc. bulbus = Gr. blbos = onion, bulbous root
A53
BYSSUS fine textile fabric L. Gr. bssos, of Sem. orig.
A56

C
CACHINNATION immoderate cachinnti, -n-, f. cachinnre, of imit.
A57 laughter orig.
CACTUS cardoon L. Gr. kaktos = cardoon or Spanish
A57 artichoke
CAESAREAN , -IAN pert. to the delivery Csarinus or f. Csareus
of a child by
cutting through the
walls of the
abdomen, as was
done, accorrding to
legend, at the birth
of Julius Caesar

A58
CALCAREIOUS of the nature of f. calcrius, f. calc-, calx = lime(stone)
A58 lime
CALCULUS stone in an animal calculus = pebble, etc.
body; gen.
(system of)
A58 calculation
CALEDONIAN f. Caldonia, Roman name of part of
northern Britain, now assoc. with the
A58 Scottish Highlands or Scotland in general
CALOMEL mercurous chloride calomel(es) Gr. kals = beautiful + mlas
A59 = black
CALYX outer envelope of a L. Gr. klux = shell, pod, f. base of
A59 flower kalptein = hide
CAMPANULA genus of pants with dim. of campna = bell
bell-shaped flowers
A60
CANCER malignant tumour cancer = creeping ulcer Gr. karknoma =
A60 carcinoma
CANDIDATE candidtus = clothed in white, candidate for
office (who appeared in a white toga), f.
A60 , B66 candidus
CANINE cannus, na, f. canis = dog, hound
A60
CANISTER basket canistrum = basket for bread, fruit etc. Gr.
A60 knastron = wicker basket, f. knna = cane
CANOROUS melodious canrus, f. canor = song, f. canere = sing
A61
CANT (sl.) use the cantre = sing
particular jargon of
a class or set, affect
religious or
pietistic
A61 phraseology
CAPACIOUS f. capx, capc-, f. capere = take
A61
CAPILLARY of hair, hair-like capillris, f. capillus = hair
A61
CAPITULAR (eccl.) pert. to a capitulris, f. capitulum = chapter
A62 chapter
CAPITULATE make terms of f. pp. of capitulre = draw up under distinct
A62 surrender heads, f. capitulum = head of a discourse
CAPTION (arch.) cavilling capti, -n-, f. capere, capt- = take, seize
A62 objection
CARET mark indicating 3rd sing. pres. ind. of carre = be without,
A63 omission taken to mean is lacking
CARIES (med.) decay of L. = rottenness, decay
A63 bones, etc.
CARNIVOROUS f. carnivorus, f. car, carn- = flesh
A63
CAROLINE pert. to Charles Carolnus, f. Carolus = Charles
A63
CARTESIAN Cartesinus, f. Cartesius, latinized form of
A64 the surname of Ren Descartes
CASEOUS of cheese caseus = cheese
A64
CASTELLATED built like a castle, f. castelltus, f. castellum = castle
as with battlements
A65
CASTIGATE correct by f. pp. stem of castgre = correct, reprove,
punishment or chastise, f. castus = pure
discipline
A65
CASTRATE f. pp. stem of castrre, f. castrum = knife
A65
CATALYSIS dissolution L. Gr. katlusis, f. katalein = dissolve, f.
A65 cata- + lein = loosen
CATASTROPHE dnouement of a catastropha Gr.katastroph = overturning,
 drama; disastrous sudden turn, f. katastrphein = overturn
end; event
subversive of order
A66
CATECHIZE question catchzre Gr. katkhzein, f. katkhein =
A66 systematically sound through, instruct orally, f. cata- +
khein = sound
CATECHU astringent catechu, defined as terra japonica
substance obtained
from various
A66 Eastern barks, etc.
CATHARTIC cleansing, catharticus Gr. kathartiks, f. katharein =
A66 purgative cleanse, f. kathars = clean
CAUDAL pert. to a tail caudlis, f. cauda = tail
A67
CEDE give way cdere = go (away), retire, yield
A67
CELIBACY clibtus, f. clebs, clib- = unmarried
A68
CELT, KELT a Gaul Celt pl. Gr. Kelto
A68
CENSUS registration of cnsus, rel. to cnsre = assess, judge
citizens in ancient
A68 Rome
CENTENARY adj. of a hudred centnrius = containing a hundred, f.
A68 years; century centn = hudred each, f. centum = hundred
CENTO patchwork; cent = patchwork garment, poem made up
composition made of verses from other sources
A68 up of scraps
CENTUPLE hudredfold centuplus, var. of centuplex, f. centum =
A68 , B79 hundred
CENTURY 100 years centuria = assemblage of 100 things,
division of the Roman army, f. centum =
A68 hudred
CERULEAN of a deep blue cruleus = sky-blue, f. clolos, f. clum =
A69 sky, heaven
CERVICAL cervclis, f. cervx, cervc- = neck
A69 , B80
CETACEOUS of the whale kind ctacea, f. ctus Gr. ketos = whale
A69
CHARACTER sum of mental and charactr Gr. kharaktr = instrument for
moral qualities marking, impress, dinstinctive nature, f.
A71 kharssein = scratch, engrave
CHASM chasma Gr. khsma = yawning hollow
A72
CHELA (zool.) prehensile chl or Gr. khl
A72 claw
CHIME (mus.) concord, cymbalum = cymbal
A74 harmony
CHORAL pert to a chorus chorlis Gr. khors = dance, band of
A75
 dancers, choir
CHORUS band of singers L. Gr. khors = dance, band of dancers,
A75 choir
CHRYSALIS chrsal(l)is Gr. khrsalls = gold-coloured
A76 sheath of butterflies, f. khrss = gold
CINCTURE girdle cinctra, f. cinct-, pp. stem of cingere = gird
A77
CIRCUMVALLATI - (construction of) a circumvallti, -n-, f. circumvallre, f.
ON rampart or circum- = round + vallum = rampart
entrenchment
round a place
A77
CLARITY clearness clrits, f. clrus = clear
A78
CLASS division of persons classis each of the six ancient divisions of
or things the Roman people, body of citizens under
A78 arms, spec. fleet
CLAVICLE collar-bone clvicula = key, dim. of clvis = key
A79
CLERIC adj. clerical; sb. clricus Gr. klriks = belonging to the
clergyman Christian ministerial order, f. kleros = lot,
A79 heritage
CLIENT customer clins, client-, earlier cluns, sb. use of prp.
A79 of cluere, clure = hear, listen
CLINIC adj. pert. to the clnicus Gr. klniks, f. kln = bed
sick-bed; sb. bed-
A80 ridden person
CLUNIAC per. to (a monk of) Cluaniacus, f. Clun(i)um = Cluny, France
the monastery of
A81 Cluny
COAGULATE f. pp. stem of cogulre, f. cogulum =
A81 rennet, f. coagere = drive together
COCCYX (anat.) terminal L. Gr. kkkux = cuckoo (the bone being
bone of the spinal supposed to resemble a cuckoos bill)
A82 column
COCHLEA spiral cavity of the coc(h)lea = snail-shell, screw Gr. kokhlas
A82 internal ear
COEFFICIENT coefficiens, f. co- + efficiens, f. efficere
A83
COELIAC pert. to the cliacus Gr. koiliaks, f. koil = belly,
A83 abdomen bowels, f. koilos = hollow
COERCE coercre = shut up, restrain, f. co- + arcre =
A83 restrain, ward off
COEVAL contemporary f. covus, f. co- + vum = age
A83
COGENT cgns, -ent-, prp. of cgere = drive
A83 together, compel, f. co- + agere = drive
COGNATE akin, descended cogntus, f. co- + -gntus = born
from a common
A83 ancestor
COITION copulation coiti, -n-, f. coit-, pp. stem of core, f. co-
A84 + re = go
COLLATE appoint to a f. collt-, stem of the form used as pp. of
benefice; compare conferre = confer
A84 critically
COLLIDE colldere = clash together, f. col- + ldere =
A84 hurt by striking
COLLIMATION adjustment of the collimti, -n-, f. collimre, erron. reading
line of sight of a in some editions of Cicero for collnere =
A84 telescope aim, f. col- + lnea = line
COMA 1 (med.) unnatural L. Gr. koma, kmat-, rel. to kot = bed
deep and prolonged
A85 sleep
COMA 2 (bot.) tuft coma Gr. km = hair of the head
A85
COMMINUTE reduce to small f. comminuere, commint-, f. com- +
A86 particles minuere = lessen
COMMISERATE commiserr, -re,-t-, f. com- + miserr =
A86 lament, pity, f. miser = wretched
COMMIT engage, involve committere = join, join (battle), practise,
perpetrate, place with another for safety,
A86 entrust, f. com- + mittere = put, send
COMMONPLACE adj. tr. L. locus commnis, tr. Gr. koinos tpos
A87
COMMUTE exchange, change commtre = change altogether, exchange, f.
for something else com- + mtre = change
A87
COMPAGES compacted whole, compges, f. com- + pg- as in pangere =
framework of fasten
A87 conjoined parts
COMPENSATE f. pp. stem of compensre = weigh (one)
against another, counterbalance, f. com- +
A88 pensre, frequent. of pendere = weight
COMPETE competere = strive for (sth) together with
A88 another, f. com- + petere = aim at, seek
COMPLACENT pleasing complacns, -ent-, prp. of complacre, f.
A88 com- + placre = please
COMPLEX complexus, pp. of complectere, complect =
encompass, embrace, comprise; sometimes
A88 , B379 analysed as com- + plexus = woven
COMPLICATE intertwine; mix up f. pp. stem of complicre, f. com- + plicre =
A88 with fold
COMPONENT composing, componns, -ent-, prp. of compnere =
A88 constituent compound
COMPORT behave oneself comportre, f. com- + portre = carry, bear
A88
COMPUTE computre, f. com- + putre = clear or settle,
A89 , B401 reckon, think
CONCEDE concdere = withdraw, yield
A89 , B78
CONCILIAR pert. to a council conciliarius, f. concilium = council
A90
CONCOCT compose, devise concot-, pp. stem of concoquere = digest,
etc., f. con- + coquere = cook, f. coquus =
A90 cook
CONCOMITANT prp. of concomitr = accompany, f. con- +
A90 comitr, f. comes, comit- = companion
CONCRETE sb. concreted mass concrtus, pp. of concrscere = grow
A90 together, f. con- + crscere = grow
CONDENSE reduce from vapour condensre, f. condensus = very dense
A90 , B120 to liquid
CONDOLE express sympathy condolre, f. con- + dolre = suffer pain,
A90 with grieve
CONDUCT manner of condcere = bring together, f. con- + dcere
conducting oneself = lead
A90
CONFIGURATION conformation, configrti, -n-, f. configrre = fashion
A91 outline after a pattern
CONFLATION blowing or fusing confti, -n- = fanning, fusion, f. conflre =
A91 together kindle, effect, fuse
CONGENIAL of the same f. con- + genius = attendant spirit,
disposition or inclination, appetite
A92 temperament
CONGERIES congeris = heap, pile, f. congerere = heap
A92 together, f. con- + gerere = carry
CONGLOMERATE (physiol.) of conglomertus, pp. of conglomerre, f. con-
A92 complex glands + glomus, glomer- = ball
CONGRESS formal assembly of congressus, f. congress-, pp. stem of
delegates, etc. congred = go together, meet, f. con- + grad
A92 = step, walk
CONNATE existing from birth, conntus, pp. of connasc, f. con- + nasc =
A92 congenital be born
CONNECT connectere, f. con- + nectere = bind, fasten
A92
CONNOTE conntre = mark in addition, f. con- +
A92 notre = note
CONNUBIAL connbilis, f. connbium = marriage,
A92 wedlock, f. con- + nbere = marry
CONSECRATE make sacred consecrre, -t-, f. con- + sacrre =
A93 dedicate, f. sacer, sacr- = sacred
CONSECUTION succession consecti, -n-, f. consequ, consect- =
A93 follow closely
CONSTITUENT adj. jointly constituns, -ent-, prp. of constituere =
constituing; sb. establish, appoint, f. con- + statuere = set up
who appoints a
A94 representative
CONSTRUCT f. construct-, pp. stem of construere = pile
A94 up, build, f. con- + struere = build
CONTACT sb. contctus, f. contct-, pp. stem of contingere
= touch closely, border on, be contiguous to,
 A94 f. con- + tangere = touch
CONTEMPORARY contemporrius, f. con- + tempus, tempor- =
time, after contemporneus and
A94 contemporlis
CONTERMINOUS having a boundary conterminus, f. con- + terminus = boundary
in common
A94
CONTEST contend for, dispute contestr = call to witness, introduce by
calling witnesses, set on foot, f. con- +
A94 testr = bear witness
CONTIGUOUS f. contiguus, f. contingere = be contiguous,
A95 in connection or in contact, befall
CONTROVERT contrversus = disputed, questionable, f.
A95 contr + versus, pp. of vertere = turn
CONUNDRUM pun prob. based on some L. formula (involving
A96 quoniam or quin)
CONVERGE convergere, f. con- + vergere = bend, incline
A96
CONVINCE bring to belief convincere = convict of error, prove clearly,
A96 f. con- + vincere = overcome
CONVIVAL convivlis, f. convvium = feast, f. con- +
A96 vvere = live
CONVULSE convuls-, pp. stem of convellere = pull
violently, wrench, f. con- + vellere = pluck,
A96 pull
CO- OPERATE f. pp. stem of cooperar, f. co- + operr =
A97 work, operate
CO- OPT cooptre, f. co- + optre = choose
A97
CO- ORDINATE of equal rank f. co- + ordintus, pp. of ordinre = arrange,
A97 ordain
COPPER vessel made of cuprum, for cyprium (s) = (metal) of
metal of reddish Cyprus; so named from its most noted
A97 colour ancient source
COPULA (gram.) part of a cpula = connection, linking of words, f. co-
proposition + apere = fasten
connecting subject
A97 and predicate
CORIACEOUS leathery coriceus, f. corium = hide, leather
A97
COROLLA little crown, dim. of corna = crown
A98 garland
COROLLARY immediate corollrium = money paid for a garland,
deduction or present, gratuity, f. corolla, dim. of corna =
A98 consequence crown
CORONA circle or halo of corna = crown
A98 light
CORPORATE corporeal, corportus, pp. of corporre = fashion into
belonging to the or with a body, collect, f. corpor- = body
A98 body politic
CORPUSCLE minute particle of corpusculum, dim. of corpus = body
A98 matter
CORRUGATED wrinkled f. pp. of corrgre, f. cor- + rgre, f. rga
A99 = wrinkle
CORTICAL corticlis, f. cortex, cortic- = bark
A99
CORVINE of the crow kind corvnus, f. corvus = raven
A99
CRASS grossly stupid crassus = solid, thick, fat
A103
CRATER mouth of a volcano crtr = bowl, basin, aperture of a volcano
A103 Gr. krtr = bowl, lit. mixing-vessel
CREPUSCULAR pert. to twilight crepusculum = twilight, f. crepus, creper =
A104 dark, obscure
CRETACEOUS chalky crtceus, f. crta = chalk
A104
CRISIS vital or decisive L. Gr. krsis = decision, event, turning-
A105 stage in events point of a disease, f. krnein = decide
CROCUS L. Gr. krkos (of Sem. orig.)
A105
CRUSTACEOUS that is or having a crustceus, f. crusta = crust
hard integument; of
A106 the crustacea
CRYPTIC hidden, secret crypticus Gr. kruptiks, f. krupts = hidden
A107
CULINARY culnrius, f. culna = kitchen
A107
CULM (bot.) stalk of a culmus
A107 plant
CULMINATE f. pp. stem of culminre = exalt, extol, f.
A107 culmen, culmin- = summit, acme
CULPRIT in the formula by assoc. with culpa = guilt
Culprit, how will
you be tried?,
formely said by the
Clerk of the Crown
to a prisoner who
pleaded Not Guilty;
A107 the accused
CULT cultus , sb. of action f. colere = inhabit,
A108 , B94 cultivate, protect, honour with worship
CULTIVATE cultivre, t-, f. cultvus, in cultva terra =
arable land, f. cult-, pp. stem of colere =
inhabit, cultivate, protect, honour with
A108 worship
CUPREOUS of copper cupreus, f. cuprum = copper
A108
CURSORY cursrius, f. cursor = runner
A108
CURT short, terse curtus = cut short
A108
CURVE sb. short for curve curvus, app. rel. to Gr. kurts = curved
A108 line
CUSP point, apex cuspis, -id- = point, pointed weapon
A109
CUTICLE epidermis cutcula, dim. of cutis = skin
A110

D
DATUM thing given or n. pp. of dare = give
granted; chiefly pl.
A113 data
DECENNIAL pert. to a period of f. decennium = decade, f. decennis, f. decem
A115 10 years = ten + annus = year
DECIDUOUS falling off at a f. dciduus, f. dcidere = fall down or off, f.
A115 particular season de- + cadere = fall
DECIMAL proceeding by decimlis, f. decimus = tenth, f. decem = ten
A115 powers of 10; sb.
DECIMATE exact tithe from; f. pp. stem of decimre, f. decimus = tenth, f.
put to death one in decem = ten
A115 ten of a number
DECLIVITY downward slope dclvits, f. dclvis = sloping downwards, f.
A115 de- + clvus = slope
DECORTICATE strip the bark from f. pp. stem of dcorticre, f. de- + cortic- =
A115 bark
DECREMENT decrease, lessening dcrmentum, f. dcr-, stem of dcrscere
A115
DECUMAN (of a wave) very decumnus, var. of decimnus = of the tenth
A115
large part, f. decimus = tenth
DEFENESTRATION action of throwing dfenestrti, n-, f. de- + fenestra =
A116 out of a window window
DEFLECT dflectere, f. de- + flectere = bend
A116
DELETE destroy, abolish; f. dlt-, pp. stem of dlre
A117 obliterate
DELETERIOUS f. dltrius Gr. dltrios, f. dltr =
A117 destroyer, f. dlesthai = injure, destroy
DELINQUENT dlinquns, -ent-, pp. of dlinquere = be at
A117 fault, offend, f. de- + linquere = leave
DELPHINIUM delphinium Gr. delphnion = larkspur, f.
A117 delphs, delphn- = doplhin
DEPICT represent in f. dpict-, pp. stem of dpingere
A119 colours
DEPRECATE pray against; plead f. pp. stem of dprecr, f. de- + prcr =
for the avoidance pray
A120 of
DERELICT drelictus, pp. of drelinquere, f. de- +
A120 relinquere = leave
DEROGATE fall away from a f. pp. stem of drogre, f. de- + rogre = ask,
A120 standard question, propose
DESIDERATE feel the want or f. pp. stem of dsderre, f. de- + sder-, as in
 A121 loss of consderre = consider
DESPOND lose heart or dspondre = give up, resign, abondon, f. de-
A121 confidence + spondre = promise
DETERGE wipe or clear away dtergre, f. de- + tergre = wipe
A122
DEVASTATE f. pp. stem of dvstre, f. de- + vstre =
A122 lay waste, f. vstus = waste
DEVIATE f. pp. stem of dvire, f. de- + via = way
A122
DEVIL printers diabolus Gr. dibolos = slanderer, devil
B122 apprentice
DEVIOUS deviating from the dvius, f. de- + via = way
A122 direct way
DIAERESIS (sign L. Gr. diaresis, f. diairein = divide, f. dia-
marking)the + hairein = take
separation of a
vowel from its
A123 neighbour
DIAGNOSIS L. Gr. dignsis, f. diagignskein =
distinguish, discern, f. dia- + gignskein =
A123 perceive
DIAGRAM diagramma Gr. digramma, f. diagrphein
= mark out by lines, f. dia- + grphein =
A123 write
DIAPHANOUS transparent f. diaphanus, f. Gr. diaphans, f. dia- +
A123 phan-, phanein = show
DIPHRAGM partition dividing diaphragma Gr. diphragma, f. dia- +
the thorax from phrgma = fence
A123 the abdomen
DICTATE utter aloud; lay f. dictt-, pp. stem of dictre = pronounce,
down prescribe, f. dcere = say
A124 authoritatively
DICTUM L. = thing said, sb. use of n. pp. of dcere =
A124 say
DIGAMMA Gr. letter L. Gr. dgamma so called from its shape,
which suggests two gammas set one above
A124 the other
DIGIT finger, toe; digitus = finger, toe
A124 fingers breadth
DIGITALIS plant of the digitlis = pert. to the finger, after the G.
A124 foxglove family name of the foxglove, fingerhut
DILATORY given to delaying dltrius, f. dltor = delayer, f. dlt-, pp.
A125 stem of differre = defer
DILUVIAL pert. to the Flood dluvilis, f. dluvium = flood, deluge
A125
DIPLOMA official document diplma Gr. dplma = folded paper, letter
of state or church; of recommendation or conveying a license or
document privilege, f. diploun = double, fold, f.
conferring an diplous = double
honour, privilege,
 A126 or license
DIPTYCH two-leaved hinged diptycha Gr. dptukha, n. pl. of dptukhos =
A126 tablet for writing double-folded, f. di- + ptukh = fold
DISC , DISK discus
A126 , B126
DISCRIMINATE f. pp. stem of discrminre, f. discrmen,
A127 -min- = distinction, f. discernere = discern
DISCUS L. Gr. dskos, f. dkskok, f. dikein = throw
A127
DISPEL dispellere, f. dis- + pellere = drive
A128
DISRUPTION disprupti, -n-, f. disrupt-, pp. stem of
A129 disrumpere, f. dis- + rumpere = break
DISSECT f. dissect-, pp. stem of dissecre, f. dis- +
A129 secre = cut
DISSEMINATE f. pp. stem of dissminre, f. dis- + smen,
A129 smin- = seed
DISSERTATION discussion; dissertti, -n-, f. dissertre = discuss,
spoken or written debate, frequent. of disserere = trat, examine,
discourse discourse, f. dis- + serere = join, connect,
containing a join words in composition
discussion at
A129 length
DISSIMILAR f. dis- + similar, after similis = similar
A129
DISSIPATE squander, distract f. pp. stem of dissipre, f. dis- + supre,
A129 sipre = throw
DISSOCIATE f. pp. stem of dissocire, f. dis- + socire =
A129 join together, f. socius = companion
DISTEND swell out from distendere, f. dis- + tendere = stretch, extend
A129 within
DITHYRAMB Greek choric dthyrambus Gr. dthrambos
hymn in honour of
A130 Dionysus
DIURNAL of the day diurnlis, f. diurnus, f. dis = day
A130
DIVARICATE stretch or spread f. pp. stem of dvaricre, f. di- + varicre =
A130 apart stretch, f. varicus = straddling
DIVERGE dvergere, f. di- + vergere = bend, incline,
A130 verge
DIVEST refash. on L. models in di- + of earlier devest
A130
DIVULGE reveal dvulgre = make commonly or publicly
known, f. di- + vulgre = publish, propagate,
A131 f. vulgus = common people
DOCENT adj. teaching docns, -ent-, prp. of docre = teach
A131
DOGMA dogma = philosophical tenet Gr. dgma,
dogmat-, = opinion, tenet, f. dokein = seem
A132 (good), think, suppose
DOMINICAN pert. to the Order Dominicnus, f. Dominicus, L. form of the
of Friars Preachers name of Domingo de Guzman, founder of an
A133 order of preaching friars
DOMINIE schoolmaster, sp. of domine, orig. term of respectful
pedagogue address to clerics, voc. case of dominus =
A133 master, lord
DORIAN pert. to Doris, a f. Drius Gr. Drios, f. Drs
division of ancient
Greece; (mus.)
name of one of the
ancient Gr.
A133 musical modes
DOSSAL ornamental cloth dossle, n. of dosslis, for dorslis, for
on or at the back dorsulis, f. dorsum = back
of a chair, an altar,
A133 etc.
DOXOLOGY formal ascription doxologia = Gr. doxolog, f. doxolgos =
A134 of praise to God giving glory, f. dxa = glory
DRACONIC pert. to a dragon f. drac, -n- = dragon, Drac, Gr. Drkn
A134
DRAMA drma Gr. drama, -at- = deed, action, play,
A135 f. dran = do, act
DUAL dulis, f. duo = two
A137
DUCT course, direction; ductus = leading, conduct, in aqueduct, f.
stroke drawn; duct-, pp. stem of dcere = lead
tube or canal in an
animal or
A137 vegetable body
DYAD number two dyas, dyad- Gr. dus, duad, f. do = two
A139

E
ECCLESIASTIC sb. ecclsiasticus Gr. ekklsiastiks, f.
ekklsiasts = member of the ecclesia or
public assembly of citizens, f. ekklsizein =
hold or summon to an assembly, summon to
church, f. ekkls = assembly, church, f.
ekklts, pp. adj. of ekkalein, f. ek = out, ex-
A138 , B141 + kalein = call, summon
ECUMENICAL world-wide f. cumenicus Gr. oikoumeniks, f. h
oikoumn = the inhabited world, pp. fem.
A141 of oikein = inhabit, f. oikos = house
EDIBLE edibilis, f. edere= eat
A142
EDUCE bring out, develop dcere, f. e- + dcere = lead
from a latent
A142 condition
EDULCORATE soften f. pp. stem of dulcorre, f. e- + dulcor =
A142 sweetness, f. dulcis = sweet
EFFETE that has ceased to efftus = that has brought forth young ,
bring forth; worn exhausted as by bearing young, f. ef- + ftus
A142 out = foetus
EJACULATE utter suddenly f. pp. stem of iaculr, f. e- + iaculr =
dart, f. iaculum = dart, javelin, f. iacere =
A143 throw
ELABORATE highly or minutely labrtus, pp. of labrre, f. e- + labor =
A143 finished labour
ELAPSE f. laps-, pp. stem of lab = slip away
A143
ELASTIC adj. elasticus Gr. elastiks = propulsive,
A143 impulsive
ELATE encourage, puff up f. lt-, pp. stem of efferre, f. ef- + ferre =
A143 bear
ELATER elasticity L. Gr. elatr = driver
A143
ELECT chosen for an lectus, pp. of ligere, f. e- + legere =
office (but not yet choose
A144 installed)
ELECTRIC , -ICAL lectricus, f. lectrum Gr. lektron =
A144 amber
ELEEMOSYNARY pert. to alms elemosynrius, f. elemosyna = alms
A144
ELENCHUS form of syllogism L. Gr. legkhos = argument of refutation
A144 in refutation
ELICIT f. licit-, pp. stem of licere = draw forth, f.
A144 e- + lacere = entice, inveigle
ELLIPSIS (gram.) omission ellpsis Gr. lleipsis = defect, ellipse,
of words supposed grammatical ellipsis, f. ellepein = leave out,
to be essential to fall short, f. en = in + lepein = leave
the complete form
A145 of a sentence
ELOCUTION oral utterance or locti, -n-, f. loct-, pp. stem of loqu
A145 delivery = speak out, f. e- + loqu = speak
ELONGATE depart f. pp. stem of longre = remove, prolong, f.
e- + long = far off, later taken as if f. e- +
A145 longus = long
ELUDE slip away from ldere, f. e- + ldere = play
A145
EMACIATE f. pp. stem of macire, f. e- + macis =
A145 leanness
EMANCIPATE set free f. pp. stem of mancipre, f. e- + mancipium
= purchase, f. manus = hand + capere =
A145 taked
EMASCULATE f. pp. stem of masculre = castrate, f. e- +
A145 masculus = male
EMBLEM symbolical emblma = inlaid work, raised ornament
representation, Gr. mblma, -at- = insertion, f. embl-,
figured object with embllein = throw in, insert, f. em- + bllein
A146 symbolic meaning = throw
EMBODY incorporate f. em- + body, after incorporre =
A146 incorporate
EMERGE rise out of a liquid mergere, f. e- + mergere = dip, merge
A146
EMINENT exalted, f. prp. stem of minre, rel. to mns = mount
A146 distinguished
EMISSARY missrius = scout, spy, f. miss-, pp. stem
A146 of mittere = emit
EMIT mittere, f. e- + mittere = let go, send
A146
EMOLLIENT softening f. prp. stem of mollre, f. e- + mollis = soft
A146
EMPHASIS intensity of emphasis = use of language to imply more
feeling, etc. than is said Gr. mphais = appeareance, f.
A146 em- + phanein = show
EMPIRIC adj. empricus Gr. empeiriks, f. empeir =
experience, f. mpeiros = skilled, f. em- +
A146 peira = trial, experiment
EMPYREAN of the highest f. empyreus, as n. sb. -eum Gr. emprios,
A147 heaven as n. sb. ion, f. em- + pur = fire
ENCAENIA annual L. Gr. egkania n. pl. = festival of renewal,
commemoration of f. en- + kains = new
founders and
beneractors at the
university of
A147 Oxford
ENCAUSTIC produced by encausticus Gr. egkaustiks, f. egkaein =
A148 burning pigments burn
ENCLICTIC (gram.) leaning its enclicticus Gr. egkhlitiks, f. egklnein =
accent on the lean on, f. en- + klnein = lean
A148 preceding word
ENCYCLICAL intended for encyclicus, f. Gr. egkklios = circular,
universal general, f. en- + kklos = circle
A148 circulation
ENCYCLOP (A) EDI general course of L. spurious Gr. egkuklopaide, for
A instruction; egkklios paide = general education
repertory of
information on all
branches of
knowledge
A148
ENERVATE weaken f. pp. stem of nervre, f. e- + nervus =
A149 sinew, nerve
ENHARMONIC en(h)armonicus Gr. enarmoniks, f. en- +
A149 harmon = harmony
ENIGMA puzzling problem nigma, -mat- Gr. anigma, f. base of
ainssesthai = speak allusively or obscurely,
A149 f. ainos = fable
ENTELECHY (philos.) L. Gr. entelkheia, f. en- + tlei d. of tlos
realization of a = end, perfection + klein = be in a certain
 A150 function state
ENUMERATE f. pp. stem of numerre, f. e- + numerus =
A151 number
ENUNCIATE give expression to f. pp. stem of nuntire, f. e- + nuntire =
A151 announce
EPENTHESIS (philol.) insertion L. Gr. epnthesis, f. epenthe-, stem of
of a sound between epentithnai = insert, f. epi- + en = in +
A151 two others tithnai = place
EPIDERMIS L. Gr. epiderms, f. epi- + drma = skin
A152
EPITHALAMIUM nuptial song L. Gr. epithalmion, f. epi- + thlamos =
A152 bridal chamber
EPOCH epocha Gr. epokh = stoppage, station,
fixed point of time, f. epkhein = stop, take
up a position, f. epi- + khein = hold, intr. be
A152 in a certain state
EQUABLE qubilis, f. qure = make level or equal,
A152 f. quus = level, even
EQUANIMITY fairness, evenness quanimits, f. quanimis, f. quus +
of temper animre = give life to, f. anima = air, breath,
A152 life, soul; animus = spirit
EQUATE make or treat as f. pp.stem of qure, f. quus = even
A152 equal
EQUESTRIAN f. equestris, eques = horseman, knight, f.
A153 equus = horse
EQUILIBRIUM quilbrium, f. qui- = equi- + lbra =
A153 balance
EQUIVOCAL nominal only; f. quivocus, f. qui = equi + vocre = call,
capable of twofold name
A153 interpretation
ERA system of ra, orig. pl. of s, ris = copper
chronology
reckoned from a
point of time; date
from which a
A154 period is reckoned
ERASE f. rs-, pp. stem of rdere, f. e- + rdere =
A154 scrape
ERUCTATE f. pp. stem of ructre, f. e- + ructre =
A154 belch
ESCULENT sculentus, f. sca = food, f. ed- of edere =
A155 eat
ESURIENT hungry esurins, -ent-, prp. of surre = be hungry,
desiderative vb. f. s-, pp. stem of edere =
A156 eat
ETESIAN name of certain f. etsius Gr. etsios = annual, f. etes =
winds in the year
Mediterranean area
blowing for a
certain period
 annually
A156
ETHER clear sky; (phys.) thr Gr. aithr = upper air, f. base of
substance athein = kindle, burn, shine
A156 , B146 permeating space
EUPHORBIA the spurge genus euphorbea, f. Euphorbus, name of a
physician of Juba II, king of Mauretania,
who is said to have named the plant after
A157 him
EVINCE overcome, f. vincere, f. e- + vincere = conquer
convince,
prove, make
A158 evident
EVISCERATE f. pp. stem of viscerre, f. e- + viscera, pl.
A158 of vscus = viscus
EVOKE call forth vocre, f. e- + vocre = call
A158
EVOLUTION volti, -n- = unrolling of a book, f.
volt-, pp. stem of volvere, f. e- + volvere
A158 = roll
EVULSION forcible extraction vulsi, -n-, f. vuls-, pp. stem of vellere,
A158 f. e- + vellere = pluck
EXACERBATE increase the f. pp. stem of exacerbre, f. ex- + acerbus =
A158 bitterness of bitter
EXAGGERATE make (a thing) out f. pp. stem of exaggerre, f. ex- + aggerre
grater than it is = heap up, f. agger = heap, prob. f. ag- +
A158 gerere = carry
EXCERPT sb. excerptum, sb. use of n. pp. of excerpere, f.
A159 ex- + carpere = pluck
EXCULPATE f. pp. stem of exculpre, f. ex- + culpa =
A159 blame
EXCURSION journey from home excursi, n-, f. excurs-, pp. stem of
excurrere = run out, issue forth, f. ex- +
A159 currere = run
EXERT discharge, emit; f. exert- pp. stem of ex(s)erere = put forth, f.
exercise, bring to ex- + serere = bind, entwine, join
A160 bear
EXIGUOUS f. exiguus = scanty in measure or number, f.
A160 exigere = weigh exactly
EXIST ex(s)istere = appear, come forward, come
into being, f. ex- + sistere = take up a
A160 position, redup. formation on sta- = stand
EXIT departure from exitus, f. pp. stem of exre = go out, f. ex- +
life, death; egress, re = go
A160 outlet
EXODUS departure, spec. of Exodus Gr. xodos, f. ex- + hods = way
the Israelites out of
A160 Egypt
EXORBITANT exceeding proper prp. of exorbitre, f. ex- + orbita = orbit
A160 bounds
EXOTERIC extericus Gr. exteriks, f. extr,
A160 compar. of x = outside
EXPATIATE discourse at length ex(s)patir, -t-, f. ex- + spatir = walk, f.
A160 spatium = space
EXPECTORATE eject (phlegm) f. pp. stem of expectorre, f. ex- + pectus,
A161 pector- = breast
EXPEDITE clear of f. expedt-, pp. stem of expedre = extricate,
difficulties; help make ready, put in order, f. ex- + ps, ped- =
A161 forward, dispatch foot
EXPIATE avert evil from; do f. pp. stem of expire, f. ex- + pire = seek
away the guilt of, to appease, f. pius = devout, pious
A161 make amends for
EXPLAIN open out, explnre, f. ex- + plnus = plain
smoothe; assign a
A161 meaning to
EXPLETIVE serving to fill out; expltvus, f. explre, f. ex- + plre = fill
sb.
A161 expletive word
EXPLODE bring into discredit expldere = drive out by clapping, hiss off
A161 the stage, f. ex- + plaudere = clap the hands
EXPORT send from one exportre, f. ex- + portre = carry
A161 country to another
EX POST FACTO erron. division of ex postfacto = from what
is done afterwards, i.e. ex = from, out of,
with abl. of postfactum, i.e. post = after +
A161 pp. of facere = do
EXPROPRIATE f. pp. stem of exproprire, f. ex- + proprium
A161 = property
EXPUNGE expungere = mark for deletion by points set
A162 above or below, f. ex- + pungere = prick
EXPURGATE f. pp. stem of expurgre, f. ex- + purgre =
A162 purify, for prigre, f. prus = pure
EXQUISITE intense, keenly exqustus, pp. adj. of exqurere = search
A162 sensitive out, f. ex- + qurere = search, seek
EXTEMPORE adj. f. phr. ex tempore = on the spur of the
moment, i.e. ex = out of, tempore = abl. of
A162 tempus = time
EXTERMINATE destroy utterly f. pp. stem of exterminre, f. ex- + terminus
A162 = boundary
EXTRACT take out of, copy f. extract-, pp. stem of extrahere, f. ex- +
A162 out trahere = draw
EXTRANEOUS f. extrneus, f. extra-
A162
EXTRICATE unravel, f. pp. stem of extricre, f. ex- + trc =
A162 disentangle perplexities
EXTRINSIC pert. to external extrinsecus = adj. outer, f. extrinsecus = adv.
aspects or ourwardly, f. extra- + im + secus =
A162 conditions alongside of

F
FACETIAE pleasantries L. pl. of factia = jest
A164
FACSIMILE exact copy f. fac, imper. of facere make, do + simile, n.
A164 of similis = like, similar
FACTITIOUS made by art; factcius, f. fact-, f. facere = do
made up for the
A164 occasion
F( A)ECES excrement pl. of fx = dregs
A164
FALDSTOOL movable prayer- faldistolium WGmc. faldistl = late OE.
desk fldestl, fyld(e)stl, f. Gmc. falban = fold
A165 + stlaz = stool
FALLACY delusive nature fallcia, f. fallx, fallc-, f. fallere = deceive
A165
FARINACEOUS farnceus, f. farna = flour, f. far = corn
A166
FARRAGO medley farrgo = orig. mixed fodder for cattle, f.
A166 far, farr- = corn, spelt
FASCICLE part or number of a fasciculus, dim. of fascis = bundle
A166 written work
FASTIDIOUS easily offended fastdisus, f. fastdium = loathing
A167
FATIDIC (AL ) prophetic ftidicus, f. ftum = fate + discus, f. weak
A167 var. of base of dcere = say
FATUOUS f. fatuus
A167
FEDERAL fdus, fdus, fder- = covenant
A168
FELINE flnus, f. fls = cat
A168
FELO DE SE one who AL. felo = felon, d s = of himself
deliberately puts an
A168 end to his life
FERAL 1 deadly; funeral frlis, perh. rel. to fri
A169
FERAL 2 wild, savage ferus, rel to Gr. thr = wild beast
A169
FEROCIOUS f. ferx, ferc-, rel. to ferus = feral
A169
FERREOUS pert. to iron f. ferreus, f. ferrum = iron
A169
FERRUGINOUS of the nature or f. ferrg, -gin- = iron rust, dark red, f.
A169 colour of iron rust ferrum = iron
FEUD (hist.) fief feudum, feodum
A170
FIAT authoritative L. = let it be done, 3rd sg. pres. subj. of
sanction or fier, used as passive of facere = do
A170 command
FIBULA clasp, brooch; long fbula
bone on the outer
A170 side of the leg
FICTILE fictilis, f. fict- pp. stem of fingere = fashion
A170
FIDUCIAL fdcilis, f. fdcia = trust, f. fdere = to
A170 trust, rel. to fids = faith
FISSILE fissilis, f. fiss-, pp. stem of findere = cleave
A172
FLOG prob. imit.; perh. suggested by flagellre =
A175 flagellate
FLORET f. fls, flr-, = flower
A175
FLORID flourishing, flridus, f. fls, flr- = flower
blooming; flowery;
A175 ruddy
FLORILEGIUM collection of fls = flower, legere = gather, tr. Gr.
A175 literary flowers antholgion = anthology
FLORIST fls, flr- = flower
A175
FLUCTUATE f. pp. stem of flucture, f. fluctus = current,
A176 wave, f. fluct-, pp. stem of fluere = flow
FLUOR flux, fluid state; fluor = flow, flux, f. fluere = flow
one of a class of
minerals used a s
A176 fluxes
FOCUS point toward which focus = fire-place, domestic heart
lines, rays, etc.
A176 converge
FOLIATION being in leaf, folium = leaf
arrangement in
A177 leaves
FOLLICLE (anat.) small sac folliculus = little bag, dim. of follis =
A177 bellows
FORAMEN (anat.) opening for forre = bore
A178 the passage of sth
FORCEPS L.
A178
FORENSIC pert. to courts of f. fornsis, f. forum, rel. to fors = (outside)
A179 law door
FORMULA set form of words frmula, dim. of frma = form
A180
FORTUITOUS fortutus, f. forte = by chance, abl. of fors =
A180 chance
FORUM court, tribunal forum, rel. to fors = (outside) door
A180
FRAXINELLA species of dittany dim. of fraxinus = ash
A182
FRIGID frgidus, f. frgre = be cold, f. frgus = cold
A183 +- id
FRITILLARY plant of the genus fritillria, f. fritillus = dice-box, presumably
A183 Fritillaria applied ot the chessboard
FRUGAL sparingly supplied frglis, back-formation from frglior,
-issimus, compar. and super. of frg
 indeclinable adj., d. of flux, chiefly pl.
A184 frgs = produce of the soil
FRUSTUM L. = piece cut off
A184
FUGACIOUS fleeting f. fugx, fugc, f. fugere = flee
A184
FULCRUM prop, support, spec. fulcrum = post or foot of a couch, f. base of
A184 in mechanics fulcre = support
FUND bottom, refash. of fond after fundus = bottom, piece
foundation, basis; of land, farm, estate
source of supply;
A185 stock of money
FUNEBRIAL fnebris, f. fnus = funeral
A185
FUNGUS spongy excrescence fungus, perh. connected with Gr. sp(h)ggos
A185 = sponge
FUNICULAR pert. to hypothetical fniculus, dim. of fnis = rope
filament of rarefied
matter
A185
FURUNCLE boil, inflamed frunculus = petty thief, knob on a vine,
A185 tumour boil, dim. of fr = thief
FUSCOUS dusky fuscus = dark, dusky
A185
FUSE melt with intense fs-, pp. stem of fundere = pour, melt, found
A185 heat
FUSTIGATE (joc.) cudgel f. pp. stem of fstigre, f. fstis = cudgel
A185

G
GALEATED helmet-shaped; f. galetus, f. galea = helmet
A187 helmeted
GALENA lead ore L.
A187
GALLIC Gaulish, French Gallicus, f. Gallus, Gallia = Gaul
A188
GARULOUS f. garrulus, f. garrre = chatter
A190
GELID extremely cold gelidus, f. gelu = frost, intense cold
A191
GENIAL conducive to genilis = nuptial, productive, joyous,
A191 growth pleasant, f. genius = genius
GENISTA (bot.) broom L.
A191
GENIUS innate capacity, genius = attendant spirit, inclination,
person as appetite, intellectual capacity
A191 possessing this
GENUINE not spurious or genunus, f. genu = knee (the orig. ref. was
counterfeit to the recognition of a new-born child by the
A192 father placing it on his knees)
GEODE geds Gr. geds = earthy, f. ge = earth
 A192
GERMINATE f. pp. stem of germinre, f. germen, germin-
A192 = sprout
GESTATION process of carrying gestti, -n-, f. gestre, frequent. f. gest-,
A192 young pp. stem of gerere = carry
GESTICULATE f. pp. stem of gesticulr, f. gesticulus, dim.
A192 of gestus = action, gesture
GIGANTIC f. gigs, gigant- = giant
A193
GINGIVAL of the gums gingvlis, f. gingva = gum
A194
GINGLYMUS (anat.) joint of L. Gr. ggglumos = hinge
which the motion is
A194 in only one plane
GLABROUS smooth f. glaber = hairless, bald
A194
GLAUCOMA L. Gr. glakma, f. glauks = bluish-green
A195 or grey
GLAUCOUS dull-green f. glaucus Gr. glauks = bluish-green or
A195 grey
GLUTEUS (anat.) any of the L. Gr. glouts = rump
three muscles of the
A196 buttock
GRADATION scale of degrees gradti, -n-, f. gradus = step
A198
GRAMINEOUS grassy grmineus, f. grmen, grmin- = grass
A199
GRANULE grnulum, dim. of grnum = grain
A199
GRAPHIC drawn with pencil graphicus Gr. graphiks, f. graph =
or pen; vividly drawing, writing
A200 descriptive
GRAVAMEN grievance or its grvmen = physical inconvenience, f.
presentation gravre = weigh upon, oppress, f. gravis =
A200 heavy, grave
GRAVITATE exert weight or f. pp. stem of gravitre, f. gravits = gravity
pressure; be
affected by the
A200 force of gravity
GREMIAL pert. to the bosom gremilis, -le, f. gremium = lap, bosom
A201 of lap
GRUME clot of blood grmus = little heap, rel. to OE crma =
A203 crumb
GYPSUM hydrated calcium L. Gr. gpsos, of Sem. orig.
sulphate, from
which plaster of
A206 Paris is made

H
HABILITATE qualify f. pp. stem of habilitre, f. habilits =
A207
 ability
H( A)EMATITE ferric oxide as ore hmatts Gr. haimatts = blood-like, f.
A207 haima, haimat- = blood
HALLUCINATION hallcinti, -n-, late form of lcinti, f.
lcinr = wander in thought or speech
Gr. alssein = be distraught or ill at ease,
A208 with ending as in vticinr = vaticinate
HALO nimbus of a saint hal, for hals, -n- Gr. hls = threshing-
A208 floor, disk of the sun, moon, or a shield
HEBDOMADAL lasting seven days hebdomadlis, f. hebdomas, -ad- = group of
A213 seven Gr. hebdoms, f. hept = seven
HELIOTROPE plant of which the hliotropium Gr. hliotrpion, f. hlios =
flowers turn sun + -tropos = turning
towards the sun,
e.g. formerly,
sunflower,
marigold, now the
genus Heliotropium
A214
HERMETIC pert. to (the hermticus, f. Herms Trsmegistus (Gr.
supposed writings Hermes tris mgistos ) = thrice-greatest
of) Hermes Hermes, name given by Neoplatonists,
Trismegistus; pert. mystics, and alchemists to the Egyptian god
to occult science, Thoth, who was identified with the Grecian
esp. alchemy; Hermes (god of science, etc.) as the author
hermetic seal = of occult science and esp. alchemy
A215 airtight closure
HERO man admired for hrs, pl. hrs Gr. hrs, pl. hres
his great deeds and
A215 noble qualities
HERPES herps Gr. hrps = shingles, lit. creeping,
A215 f. hrpein = creep
HESITATE f. pp. stem of hsitre = stick fast, stammer,
be undecided, f. hs-, pp. stem of hrre =
A215 stick, adhere
HIATUS interruption of hitus = gaping, opening, f. hire = gap
A216 continuity
HIBERNIAN Irish f. Hibernia = Ireland, alt. of I(u)verna,
Iuberna,
A216 Gr.
HIERATIC pert. to a priestly hierticus Gr. hiertiks = priestly,
class, of a style of sacerdotal, f. hierasthai = be a priest, f.
ancient Egyptian hieres = priest, f. hiers = sacred
A216 writing
HIEROPHANT expounder of hierophanta, -s- Gr. hierophnts, f.
mysteries hiers = sacred + -phan, base of phanein =
A216 reveal
HINNY offspring of a she- hinnus Gr. (g)nnos
A217 ass and a stallion
HIPPOCRENE name of a fountain Hippocrn Gr. Hippokrn, f. hippos =
on Helicon, sacred horse + krn = fountain; so named because
to the Muses, fabled to have been produced by a stroke of
A217 poetic inspiration Pegasus hoof
HIRCINE goatish hircnus, f. hircus = he-goat
A217
HIRSUTE hirstus, rel to synon. hitrus
A217
HISPID bristly, shaggy hispidus
A217
HISTRIONIC histrinicus, f. histri, -n- = actor in stage
A217 plays
HOCUS POCUS conjurer, juggler; based ult. on has pax max Deus adimax
conjuring formula; (16th), pseudo-L. magical formula coined
A218 jugglery, trickery by vagrant students
HOMUNCULUS dim. of hom = man
A219
HONORARIUM L. = gift made on being admitted to a post
A219 of honour, sb. use of n. of honrrius
HORARY relating to the hours hrrius, f. hra = hour
A220
HORRIPILATION goose-flesh horripilti, -n-, f. horripilre, f. horrre =
(of hair) stand on end, tremble, shudder +
A220 pilus = hair
HORTICULTURE hortus = garden
A220
HUMERAL pert. to the humerus f. humerus = shoulder
or the shoulder(s)
A222
HYALINE glass-like, vitreous hyalinus Gr. halinos, f. halos =
A223 transparent stone, amber, etc., glass
HYBRID sb. and adj. half- hybriada, (h)ibrida = offspring of a tame
breed, mongrel; sow and a wild boar, one born of a Roman
also fig. father and a foreign mother or of a freeman
A223 and a slave
HYDATID (path.) watery cyst hydatis, -id- Gr. hudats, -id-, f. hdor,
A223 hudat- = water
HYDRAULIC hydraulicus Gr. hudrauliks, f. hdor,
A224 hudr- = water + auls = pipe
HYMEN hymn Gr. humn, f. sjumen-, f. IE. sj =
A224 sew
HYPHEN sb. L. Gr. huphn = the sign , sb. use of
huphn = together, f. huph-, hup = under,
A224 hypo- + hn, n. of heis = one

I
IB ., IBID. abbrevs. of ibidem f. ib = there + -dem, as in idem, tandem
= in the same place,
passage, book, etc.
A226
IBERIAN f. Ibria, f. Ibres Gr. Ibres = Spaniards,
A226 also a people of the Caucasus
IBEX ibex, prob. Alpine word like chamois
A226
ICHNEUMON insect of a family ichneumn Gr. iknemn = tracker, f.
parasitic on the ikhneein = track, f. khnos = track, footstep
A227 larvae of others
ID. abbr. of idem = the dem m., idem n., is, id = that one + -dem, as
same name, title, in ibidem
A227 author, etc.
IDYLL short poem dyllium Gr. eidllion, dim. of eidos =
descriptive of a form, picture
picturesque scene
A227 or incident
IGNEOUS igneus, f. ignis = fire
A228
IGNORAMUS ignorant person L. = we do not know, in legal use we take
no notice, 1st per. pl. pres. ind. of ignorre
A228 = ignore
ILLEGITIMATE unauthorized f. illegitimus, after legitimate
A228
ILLICIT f. il- + licitus, pp. of lcere = be lawful
A228
ILLUSTRATE exemplify; f. pp. stem of illustrre, f. il- + lustrre =
elucidate with illuminate, rel. to lmen = light
A228 pictures
IMBRICATE (nat. hist.) covered pp. of imbricre, f. imbrex, imbric- = roof
with scales tile, f. imber = rain
overlapping like
A228 roof tiles
IMMATERIAL unimportant f. im- + mterilis, mteria = matter
A229
IMMEMORIAL immemorilis, f. im- + memoria, f. memor =
A229 mindful, remembering
IMMERSE f. immers-, pp. stem of immergere, f. im- +
A229 mergere = dip, merge
IMMIGRATE f. pp. stem of immigrre, f. im- + migrre,
A229 prob. based on mei- = change
IMMURE build into a wall immrre, f. im- + mrus = wall
A229
IMPECCABLE faultless impeccbilis, f. im- + peccre = sin
A229
IMPEDE impedre, f. im- + ps, ped- = foot
A229
IMPEND be imminent impendre, im- + pendre = hang
A229
IMPERSONAL not personal impersnlis, f. im- + personlis = personal
A229
IMPERSONATE invest with a f. im- + persna = person
A229 personality
IMPERVIOUS L., f. im- + pervius, f. per- + via = way
 A229
IMPINGE strike, dash impingere, f. im- + pangere = fix, drive in
A230
IMPLEMENT essential implmentum = filling up, noun of action of
A230 consituent implre = employ, spend
IMPLICIT entangled, implicitus, later form of implictus, pp. of
A230 , B379 entwined implicre, f. im- + plicre = fold
IMPREGNATE make pregnant; f. impregnate pp. or its source late
imbue, saturate imprgntus, f. im- + prgnre = be
A230 pregnant
IMPRIMATUR licence to print 3rd sg. pres. subj. pass. of imprimere = print
given by the L.
formula
imprimtur = let it
A230 be printed
IMPULSE act of impelling; impulsus, f. pp. stem of impellere = impel
stimulation of the
A231 mind
INANE empty innis = empty, vain
A231
INCENDIARY adj. and sb. incendirius, f. incendium = burning, fire
A232
INCIPIENT incipins, -ent-, prp. of incipere =
A232 undertake, begin, f. in- + capere =take
INCOMPREHENSI - that cannot be f. in- + comprehendere, f. com- +
BLE understood prehendere = grasp
A232
INCONGRUOUS incongruus, f. in- + stem of congruere =
A232 agree
INCREMENT amount of increase incrmentum, f. stem of incrscere, f. in- +
A232 crscere = grow
INCUBUS oppressive person incubus, earlier incubo, f incubre, f. in- +
A232 or thing cubre = lie
INCUMBENT leaning or resting prp. of incumbere = lie or lean upon, apply
with its weight oneself to, f. in- + cumbere, nasalized stem
A232 corr. to cubre = lie
INCUS (anat.) anvil bone L. = anvil
A233 of the ear
INDEX (math.) f. in- + -dex, dic-, f. IE deik-, dik- = point
A233 out
INDICATE f. pp. stem of indicre = declare, mention, f.
A233 in- + dicre = proclaim
INDIGENOUS f. indigena = native, f. indi-, strengthened
form of in- + gena, f. gen-, base of gignere
A233 = beget
INDISPENSABLE that cannot be f. in- + dispensre = weigh out, disburse,
remitted; that administer, dispose, frequent. of dispendere,
cannot be done f. dis- + pendere = weigh
A233 without
INDIVIDUAL existing as a indvidulis, f. indviduus = indivisible,
 separate entity; inseparable, f. in - + dviduus = divisible, f.
pert. to a single dvidere = divide
A233 person or thing; sb.
INDOLENT (path.) painless indlns, -ent-, f. in- + prp. of dolre =
A233 suffer pain, give pain
INDOMITABLE untameable indomitbillis, f. in- + domitre , frequent.
A233 of domre = tame
INDULGE treat with indulgre
undeserved favour,
gratify by
compliance; give
A234 free course to
INELUCTABLE inescapable f. in- + luctr = struggle out
A234
INEPT (arch.) unsuited, ineptus, f. in- + aptus = apt
inappropriate;
A234 foolish
INERT inactive, inanimate iners, inert- = unskilled, inactive, f. in- +
A234 ars = skill, art
INFIRM weak through age infirmus, f. in- + firmus = firm
A235 or illness
INFLECT (gram.) vary the inflectere, f. in- + flectere = bend
A235 termination of
INFLUX influxus, f. in- + fluere = flow
A235 , B164
INFRACTION infracti, -n-, f. infract- pp. stem of
A235 infringere = infringe
INGENUOUS free-born ingenuus = native, free-born, noble, frank, f.
A236 in- + gen-, base of gignere = beget
INGRATIATE bring into favour; f. phr. in grtiam = into favour
refl., get oneself
A236 into favour
INGUINAL pert. to the groin inguinlis, f. inguen, inguin- = (swelling in
A236 the) groin
INHERE remain fixed in inhrre, f. in- + hrre = stick
A236
INHUME bury inhumre, f. in- + humus = ground
A236
INIMICAL inimclis, f. inimcus, f. in- + amcus =
A236 friend
INJECT f. iniect-, pp. stem of inicere = throw in, f.
A236 in- + iacere = throw
INNUENDO paranthetical L. = by nodding, pointing to, intimating, abl.
explanation or gerund of innuere = nod to, signify, f. in- +
specification; nuere = nod
oblique hint or
A237 suggestion
INSCRIBE enrol; mark with inscrbere, f. in- + scrbere = write
A237 characters
INSECT insectum, sb. use of n. of pp. of insecre =
 A237 cut into or up, f. in- + secre = cut
INSIGNIA pl. of insigne = sign, badge of office, sb. use
of n. insignis = distinguished, f. in- +
A237 signum = sign
INSOLATION exposure to the sun inslti, -n-, f. inslre, f. in - + sl = sun
A237
INSOLENT contemptuous of insolns, -ent- = unusual, excessive,
dignity or authority arrogant, f. in- + prp. of solre = be
A237 accustomed
INSPECT f. inspect-, pp. of inspicere,f. in- + specere =
A237 look
INSPISSATE thicken f. pp. stem of inspissre, f. in- + spissus =
A237 thick, dense
INSTRUCT put in order f. instruct-, pp. stem of instruere = set up, fit
A238 out, teach, f. in- + struere = pile up, build
INSULAR pert. to an island insulris, f. insula = island
A238
INSULT treat with scornful insultre, f. in- + saltre, iterative-intensive
A238 abuse or disrespect f. salre = leap, jump
INTEGUMENT covering, coating integumentum, f. integere = cover
A238
INTERCALARY inserted at intervals intercalri(u)s, f. intercalre = proclaim the
A239 (in the calendar) insertion of a day, etc. in the calendar
INTERLUDE interval in the interldium, f. inter- + ldus = play
performance of a
A239 play
INTERMEDIATE intermeditus, f. intermedius, f. inter- +
A239 medius = mid
INTERNECINE attended with great internecnus, f. interneci = general
slaughter slaughter, massacre, extermination, f.
internecre = slaughter, exterminate, f.
A240 inter- + necre = kill
INTERPELLATION interruption interpellti, -n-, f. interpellre = interupt
by speaking, f. inter- + -pellre = thrust or
A240 direct oneself
INTERPOLATE f. pp. stem of interpolre, f. inter- + polre,
A240 rel. to polre = polish
INTERSTICE interstitium, f. inter- + base of stre = stand
A240
INTIMATE inward, essential, intimtus, pp. of intimre, f. intimus =
intrinsic; pert. to inmost, f. int- of inter- + superl. suffix
the inmost
thoughts; closely
A240 associated
INTIMIDATE f. pp. stem of intimidre, f. in- + timidus =
A240 timid
INTRANSITIVE f. in- + transitvus, f. transre = pass over
A240
INTREPID intrepidus, f. in- + trepidus = agitated,
A240 , B546 alarmed
INTROVERT turn (the mind) f. intrvertere, f. intr- + vertere = turn
A241 upon itself
INUNDATE f. pp. stem of inundre, f. in- + undre =
A241 flow, f. unda = wave
INVERSE adj. and sb. inversus, pp. of invertere, f. in- + vertere =
A241 turn
INVIDIOUS tending to or invidisus, f. invidia = ill wit, envy
A241 entailing odium
INVIGORATE f. in- + vigor = vigour
A241
INVOLVE implicate in a involvere, f. in- + volvere = roll
A241 charge; include
IRONY condition of affairs rnia Gr. eirne, f. ern = disembler
opposite to that
A242 expected
IRRIGATE f. pp. of irrigre, f. ir- + rigre = wet, water
A242
IRRITATE excite to morbid f. pp. stem of irrtre = irritate
A242 action
ISCHIATIC sciatic ischiaticus, for ischiadicus, f. iskhis, -ad- =
A242 pain in the hip, f. Gr. iskhon = hip-joint

JACOBITE adherent of James f. Jacbus = James

II of England after
his abdication, or
A245 of his family
JACTATION (path.) tossing of iactti, -n-, f. iactre = toss about, discuss,
A245 the body to and fro boast, frequent. of iacere = throw
JANITOR initor, f. inua = door, f. inus = arched
A245 passage
JEJUNE unsatisfying, iinus = fasting, barren, meagre
A246 meagre
JOCOSE iocsus, f. iocus = word play
A248
JOKE sb. iocus = word play, jest
A248
JUDAIC Idaicus Gr. Ioudaiks, f. Ioudaios = Jew
A249
JUVENILE adj. iuvenlis, f. iuvenis = young
A250

K
---

L
LABARUM Roman standard of L.
A256 the late Empire
LABEFACTION overthrow, f. labefact-, pp. stem of labefacere = weaken,
 A256 downfall f. lb = fall + facere = make, do
LABORATORY labrtrium, f. labrre = work
A256
LACUNA lacna = pool, cavity, f. lacus = lake
A256
LALLATION childish f. lallre = make lulling sounds, such as lalla
utterance;
pronunciation of r
A257 as l
LAMBENT (of flame) playing lambns, -ent-, prp. of lambere = lick
lightly upon a
surface, shining
A257 with soft clear heat
LAMELLA thin plate dim. of lamina
A257
LAMINA thin plate or scale lmina, lammina
A257
LANCINATE pierce f. pp. stem of lancinre = tear
A257
LANIFEROUS wool-bearing f. lnifer, f. lna = wool
A258
LAODICEAN lukewarm, neither f. Lodica, Gr. Lodkeia, name of a city in
cold nor hot, like Asia Minor
the church of
A258 Laodicea
LAPSE gliding, flow lapsus, f. laps-, pp. stem of lb = glide, slip,
A258 fall
LARVA spectre, ghost L. = disembodied spirit, ghost, mask
A259
LATENT latns, -ent-, prp. of latre = lie hid
A259
LATITUDE freedom from ltitdo, f. ltus = broad
A260 restriction
LAUREATE crowned with lauretus, f. laurea = laurel tree, laurel
laurel crown, sb. use of fem. of adj. laureus, f.
A260 laurus
LAURUSTINUS evergreen shrub laurus tnus, i.e. laurus = laurel, tnus = wild
A260 laurel
LAVATORY apartment for lavtorium, f. lavt-, pp. stem of lavre =
washing the hands wash, lave
A260 and face
LEGATEE person to whom a f. legate = bequeath, f. pp. of lgre =
legacy is depute, delegate
A263 bequeathed
LEGISLATOR lgis ltor, i.e. lgis g. of lx = law, ltor =
proposer, mover, agent-noun f. ltus, pp. of
A263 tollere = raise
LEGITIMATE lawful, regular lgitimtus, pp. of lgitimre = declare to be
lawful, legitimize, f. lgitimus, f. lx, lg- =
A263 law
LEGUMINOUS pert. to pulse; of legminsus, f. legmen, -min- = pulse, bean
 the pea and bean
A263 family
LEMMA , PL . heading, title, L. Gr. lemma, pl. lmmata = something
LEMMATA , theme taken for granted or assumed, theme,
LEMMAS argument, title, f. lab- = base of lambnein =
A263 take
LENIENT softening, relaxing lnins, -ent-, prp. of lnre = soothe, f. lnis
A263 = soft, mild
LENS lens = lentil
A263
LENTICULAR lens- or lenti- lenticulris, f. lenticula, dim. of lns, lent- =
A263 shaped lentil
LEPORINE hare-like lepornus, f. lepus, lepor- = hare
A263
LETHAL lethlis, f. lthum, var. of ltum = death, by
A264 assoc. with Gr. lth = oblivion
LEVATOR (anat.) muscle that agent-noun of levre = raise
A264 raises
LEVIGATE make smooth f. pp. stem of lvigre, f. lvis = smooth +
A264 -ig-, var. of base of agere = do, make
LEVITATE f. levis = light
A264
LEXICON L. Gr. lexikn, n. sg. of lexiks = pert. to
words, f. lxis = phrase, word, f. lgein =
A265 speak
LIBRATION oscillation, lbrti, -n-, f. lbrre = balance, f. lbra =
A265 balancing pound, weight, scales
LIGNEOUS woody in texture ligneus, f. lignum = wood
A266
LIMBO neglect, oblivion orig. in phr. in, out of limbo, repr. in, limb;
A266 abl. of limbus = hem, selvage, fringe
LITIGATION legal proceedings ltigti, -n-, f. ltigre, -t-, f. ls, lt- =
A268 strife, lawsuit + agere = do
LITOTES (rhet.) affirmative L. Gr. ltts, f. lts = single, simple,
expressed by the meagre
negative of the
contrary, as a
citizen of no mean
A268 city
LITTORAL adj. pert. to the littorlis, var. of ltorlis, f. ltus, ltor- =
A268 shore shore
LIXIVIUM lye sb. use of n. of lixvius, f. lix = ashes, lye
A269
LOCHIA L. Gr. lkhia, sb. use of n. pl. of lkhios =
A269 pert. to childbirth, f. lkhos = lying-in
LOCOMOTIVE pert. to locmtvus, f. loc, abl. of locus = place +
locomotion; mtvus = motive, after scholL. in loc
moving by its own movr = movr locliter = move by change
A270 powers of position in space
LOCUM TENENS L. = one holding the place (of another), f.
 locum, acc. of locus = place, and tenns, prp.
A270 of tenre = hold
LOGARITHM logarithmus, f. Gr. lgos = ratio + arithms =
A270 number
LONGEVITY longvits, f. longvus, f. longus = long +
A271 vum = age
LOQUACIOUS loqux, loquc-, f. loqu = speak, talk
A271
LUBRICATE make slippery or f. pp. stem of lbricre, f. lbricus = slippery
A272 smooth
LUDICROUS sportive, jocular; f. ldicrus, f. ldicrum = stage play, f. ldere
A273 frivolous, witty = play
LUES plague L.
A273
LUGUBRIOUS doleful, mournuful f. lgubris, f. lgre = mourn
A273
LUMBAGO lumbgo, f. lumbus = loin
A273
LUNAR lnris, f. lna = moon
A273
LURID wan and sallow, lridus, f. lror = wan or yellowish colour
A273 sickly pale
LUTEOUS of deep-yellow f. lteus, f. ltum = yellow weed
A274 colour
LYCHNIS L. Gr. lukhns = some red flower, f. lkhnos
A274 = lamp
LYMPH (rhet.) water; sap lympha
A274 , B277

M
MACARONIC applied to macarnicus It. macaronico
burlesque verse in
which vernacular
words are mingled
with Latin in a
A275 latinized form
MAGISTERIAL pert. to a master or magisterilis, f. magisterius, f. magister =
A276 magistrate master
MAGISTRATE justice of the peace magistrtus = magistracy, magistrate, f.
A276 magistr- = master
MAGMA thin pasty mixture L. Gr. mgma = thick unguent, f. base
A276 of substances mag- of mssein = knead
MAGNESIA (spec. black m.) magnsia Gr. (h) Magnsa (lthos) = the
manganese Magnesian stone, loadstone, stone with
A276 silvery sheen
MAGNET piece of magnta, acc. of magns Gr. mgns, for
loadstone; piece of ho Mgns lthos = the Magnesian stone
iron or steel
having the same
attractive
 A276
properties
MALTHA bitumen, mineral L. Gr. mltha, mlth = mixture of wax
A278 pitch or tar and pitch
MALVACEOUS pert. to the f. malvceus, f. malva = mallow
A278 mallows
MAMILLA nipple dim. of mamma = breast, teat
A278
MAMMA (anat.) breast in L. = mother, teat, breast
A279
mammals
MANDATE commission or mandtum, sb. use of n. pp. of mandre =
contract by which enjoin, commit, f. manus = hand + dre =
one acts for give
A279 another
MANDUCATION chewing mandcti, -n-, f. mandcre, f. mandc
A279 = guzzler, f. mandere = chew
MANES souls of the mns pl. perh. f. mnis, mnus = good
departed, esp. as
A279 beneficent spirits
MANIA great enthusiasm, mani Gr. man, rel. to manesthai = be
A280 craze mad
MANIPLE handful manipulus = handful, troop of soldiers, f.
A280 , B285 manus = hand
MANTIS insect which holds L. Gr. mntis = prophet, diviner
its forelegs in a
position
suggesting hands
A281 folded in prayer
MANTISSA unimportant mantissa, -sa = makeweight
A281 addition
MARITAL martlis, f. martus = husband
A282
MARSUPIAL of or resembling a marspilis, f. marspium = pouch Gr.
pouch marspion, marspion, dim. of mrsipos =
A283 purse, bag
MASTICATE chew f. pp. stem of masticre Gr. mastikhan =
A284 grind the teeth
MATERIA MEDICA remedies used in L . tr. Gr. hl iatrik = healing material
A285 medicine
MATRIARCH mter, mtri- = mother, after patriarch
A285
MATRIX enclosing mass mtrix, -c- = pregnant animal, female used
for breeding, parent stem, womb, register, f.
A285 mter, mtr- = mother
MATUTINAL of the early mttnlis, f. mttnus, f. Mtta =
morning goddess of the dawn, rel. to mturus = early,
A285 mature
MAXILLA jaw, jawbone maxilla, corr. to mla = cheek, as axila =
A286 shoulder-blade to la = wing
MEATUS passage, spec. in L. = passage, course, f. mere = go, pass
A287 anat.
MECHANIC pert. to machines; mchanicus Gr. mkhaniks, f. mkhan =
skilled workman, machine
esp. having to do
A287 with machinery
MEDIATE be an intermediary f. pp. stem of medire, f. medius = mid
A287
MEDICAL mediclis, f. medicus = physician, f. base of
A287 , B293 medr = heal
MEDITERRANEAN (of land) midland, mediterrneus = inland, in late L. applied to
inland the Mediterranean Sea, Mare
Mediterraneum, in which the orig. notion
may have been in the middle of the earth
rather than enclosed by land, f. medius = mid
A287 + terra = land, earth
MEDIUM intermediate medium = middle, midst, sb. use of n. of
A287 agency, means medius = mid
MEDULLA marrow, pith medulla, perh. f. medius = mid
A287
MELIC pert. to poetry melicus Gr. meliks, f. mlos = song
intended to be
A288 sung
MENDACIOUS f. mendx, mendc- = prob. orig. speaking
incorrectly or falsely, f. mendum = defect,
A289 fault
MENOLOGY calendar, esp. of mnologium Gr. mnolgion, f. mn,
the Orthodox mno- = month + lgos = account
A289 Church
MENSTRUUM solvent mnstruum, in class. L. only pl. menstrual
blood, sb. use of n. mnstruus, f. mnsis =
month. The sense solvent arose from the
alchemists view of the transmutation of base
metal into gold by a solvent liquid, which
they comapred to the action on sperm in
A289 womb of the menstrual blood.
MEPHITIC offensive to the mephticus, f. mephtis = noxious, vapour
A289
smell, pestilential
MERETRICIOUS characteristic of a meretrcius, f. meretrx, -trc- = harlot, f.
harlot, showily merre = earn money, serve for hire
A290 attractive
MERGE plunge, immerse mergere = dip, plunge
A290
METATARSUS meta- + tarsus (Gr. tarss = flat of the foot)
A291
METATHESIS L .- Gr. metthesis, f. metatithnai =
A291 transpose
MILIARY resembling millet millirius, f. milium = millet
A293
seed
MILLENNIUM period of 1000 f. mille = thousand
A293 years
MILLEPEDE millepeda = woodlouse, f. mille = thousand +
 A293 ps, ped- = foot
MIME jester, buffoon; mmus Gr. mimos = imitator, actor
farcical drama of
the Greeks and
A293 Romans
MINIFY diminish in f. minor = less, minimus = least
A294 estimated size
MINIM single down stroke minimus, -a, -um = least
A294 of the pen
MINUTE very small, very mintus, pp. of minuere = lessen, diminish
A295 precise
MISCELLANEOUS f. miscellneus, f. miscellus = mixed, f.
A295 miscre = mix
MISSILE adapted for missilis, f. miss- , pp. stem of mittere = let
throwing; sb. go, send
A296 missile weapon
MISSION sending forth on a missi, -n-, f. miss- stem of mittere = let go,
service or with send
authority; body of
persons sent;
commission,
A296 errand
MOB disorderly or shortening of mobile vulgus = the excitable
promiscuous or fickle crowd
crowd; the
common mass of
A297 people
MODE (mus.) form of modus = measure, size, manner, method,
A297 scale; manner tune
MODULATE regulate, adjust; f. pp. stem of modulr = measure, adjust to
attune rhythm, make melody, f. modulus , dim. of
A297 modus = mode
MOLY a wild garlic mly Gr. molu
A298
MONAD the number one monas, -ad- - Gr. mons = unit, f. mnos =
A298 alone
MONODY ode sung by a mondia Gr. monid, f. mnos = mono-
single voice in + id- = sing
Greek tragedy;
mournful song,
A299 dirge
MORBID pert. to disease morbidus, f. morbus = disease
A300
MUCUS viscid or slimy mcus, also muccus = mucus of the nose
A303 substance
MURIATIC pert. to brine; muriticus, f. muria = brine
marine acid,
A305 hydrochloric
MUSEUM building devoted msum = library, study Gr. mouseion =
to learning and the seat of the Muses, sb. use of n. of mouseios,
 arts (regarded as a f. mousa = muse
home of the
Muses); building
for exhibition of
objects of art or
science (first
applied to Mr.
Ashmoles
Museum at
A305
Oxford)
MYRMIDON soldier of a l. pl. Myrmidones Gr. Murmidnes, acc. to
bodyguard, legend created orig. from ants (mrmkes)
faithful follower;
unscrupulously
A306 faithful attendant

N
NAIAD water-nymph L. Gr. Nis, Niad-, rel. to nein = flow
A308
NARRATE f. pp. stem of narrre (f. gnrus = knowing)
A309 or back-formation from narration
NARTHEX (archit.) vestibule narthx Gr. nrthx = giant fennel, stick,
extending across casket, narthex
the west end of a
A309 church
NASCENT being born or nscns, -ent-, prp. of nsc = be born
A309 produced
NASTURTIUM genus of L.
cruciferous plants
having a pungent
A309 taste
NAUSEA strong disgust nausea, nausia Gr. naus, naut =
A309 seasickness, nausea, f. naus = ship
NAUTILUS cephalopod which L. Gr. nautlos = sailor, nautilus, f. nats =
has webbed dorsal sailor
arms formerly
believed to be
A309 used as sails
NAVE main body of a spec. use of nvis = ship
A309 church
NEBULA film over the eye nebula, rel. to OE., OS., OHG.
A310
NEGOTIATE manage; convert f. pp. stem of negtir = carry on business, f.
A310 into money negtium = business, f. neg- + tium =
leisure
NE PLUS ULTRA command to go no L. phr. = not more beyond, said to have been
further; utmost inscribed on the Pillars of Hercules (Strait of
A311 limit Gibraltar)
NEREID sea-nymph Nreis, Nreid Gr. Nrs, Nrid-, f.
 Nres = ancient sea-god, f. base of nre =
A311 swim
NERVE fibrous connection nervus = sinew, bowstring
conveying
sensation, etc.
between the brain
A311 and other parts
NESCIENCE lack of knowledge nescientia, f. nescins, -ent-, prp. of nescre =
A311 be ignorant, f. ne- + scre = know
NEXUS bond, link f. nex-, pp. stem of nectere = bind
A312
NIDIFICATION nest-building ndificti, -n-, f. ndificre, f. ndus = nest
A312
NIMBUS cloud-like nimbus = rain, cloud, aureole
splendour
A313 investing a god
NITID shining, glossy nitidus, f. nitre = shine
A313
NODE hard tumour; point ndus = knot, etc.
A314
of intersection
NONDESCRIPT (nat. hist.) not f. non- + dscriptus, pp. of dscrbere =
A314 hitherto described describe
NORWEGIAN f. Norvegia ON. Norvegr, f. noror = north
A315 + vegr = way, region
NOSTRADAMUS seer latinization of the name of Michel de
Nostredame, F. physician who published a
A315 book of prophecies in rhyme
NOSTRUM medicine the n. of noster = our; from the label nostrum =
composition of of our own make, formerly attached to such
which is not made medicines
public; patient
A315 remedy
NOVERCAL stepmotherly noverclis, f. noverca = stepmother, f. novus
A316 = new
NOXIOUS f. noxius, f. noxa = hurt, damage, rel. to nex =
A316 slaughter, nocre = injure
NUBILE (of women) nbilis, f. nbere = take a husband
A316 marriageable
NUDE naked, unclothed ndus f. now(e)dos, nogwedos = naked
A316
NUGATORY worthless, useless ngtrius, f. pp. stem of ngr = trifle, f.
A316 ng = jests, trifles
NUMEN nmen = divine will, divinity
A316
NUMMARY pert. to money or nummrius, f. nummus = coin
A316 coinage
NUTATION nodding ntti, -n-, f. ntre, ntt- = nod, f. base
A317 of nuere = nod
NYCTALOPIA night-blindness L. Gr. nuktlps, f. nx, nukt- = night +
A317 alas = blind + ps = eye
O
OASIS L. Gr. asis, presumably of Egypt. orig.
A318
OBESE obsus = that has eaten himself fat, stout,
A318 plump, f. ob- + sus, pp. of edere = eat
OBJURGATE rebuke severly f. pp. stem of obiurgre, f. ob- + iurgre =
A318 quarrel, scold, f. iurgium = quarrel, strife
OBNOXIOUS hurtful, injurious, obnoxisus or f. obnoxius = exposed to harm,
offensive, highly subject, liable, f. ob- + noxa = hurt, injury
A319 objectionable
OBOL coin of ancient obolus Gr. obols, var. of obels = obelisk
A319 Greece
OBSEQUIOUS servilely obsequisus, f. obsequium, f. obsequ =
A319 compliant comply with, f. ob- + sequ = follow
OBSIDIAN volcanic glass obsidinus, in earliest printed editions of
Plinys Natural History, for obsinus, so
named from its resemblance to a stone found
A319 in Ethiopia by one Obsius
OBSTREPEROUS unruly, turbulent obstreperus, f. obstrepere = shout at, oppose
A319 noisily, f. ob- + strepere = make a noise
OBSTRUCT f. pp. obstruct-, pp. stem of obstruere = build
against, block, up, f. ob- + struere = pile,
A319 build
OBTURATE f. pp. stem of obturre, f. ob- + turre =
A319 close up
OBVERSE sb. face of a coin obversus, pp. of obvertere = turn towards, f.
A319 ob- + vertere = turn
OCCULT pert. to early occultus, pp. of occulere, f. oc- + base of
sciences held to clre = conceal
involve secret and
mysterious
A320 knowledge
OCTANT eight part of a octns, -ant- = half quadrant, f. oct = eight
circle; (spec.
astron.) point 45,
i.e. of 360
distant from
A320 another
OESTRUS gadfly L. Gr. oistros
A321
OFFICIOUS importunate in officisus, f. officium = office
offering service;
A321 official
OGDOAD the number 8, ogdoas, -ad- Gr. ogdos, -ad-, f. gdoos =
A321 group of eight eight, okt = eight
OLFACTORY pert. to the sense olfactrius, f. olfactre, frequent. of of
A322 of smell olfacere = smell, f. olre
ONUS burden of L. = burden
A323 responsibility
OPAQUE not transparent opcus
A323
OPERATE produce an f. opert-, pp. stem of operr = work,
effect; effect, bestow labour upon, f. oper- = opus
produce, bring
A323 about
OPEROSE laborious opersus, f. oper- = opus
A323
OPIATE sb. opitus
A323
OPPONENT antagonist oppnns, -ent-, prp. of oppnere = set
A324 against, f. op- + pnere = place
OPULENT abundantly opulns, -ent-, or opulentus, f. ops, pl. opes =
A324 wealthy resources, wealth
ORAL pert. to the mouth rlis, f. s, r- = mouth
A324 or to speech
ORB eyeball, eye orbis = ring, round surface, disc
A325
ORBIT path of a heavenly orbita = wheel-track, course, path, eye-
body cavity, sb. use of fem. of orbitus = circular, f.
A325 orbis, orb- = orb
ORCHESTRA in the ancient Gr. orchstra Gr. orkhstr, f. orkheisthai =
theatre, semi- dance
circular area for
A325 the chorus
ORNITHOLOGY ornithologia, f. Gr. orntholgos = treating of
A326 birds, f. rnis, orntho- = bird
ORPHIC pert. to Orpheus or Orphicus Gr. Orphiks, f. Orphes
mysteries
associated with
A326 him
OSCITANT gaping from prp. of oscitre = gape, perh. f. s = mouth +
A327 drowsiness citre = put in motion
OSCULATE kiss; (techn.) bring f. pp. stem of sculr = kiss, f. sculum =
or come into close little or pretty mouth, kiss, hypocoristic dim.
A327 contact of s = mouth
OSSIFRAGE lammergeyer; ossifragus, -fraga = bone-breaking, f. os, oss-
A327 osprey = bone + frag- = break
OSSUARY charnel-house, ossurium, f. ossua, var. of ossa, pl. of s =
A327 bone-urn bone
OVARY vrium, f. vum = egg
A328
OVATION exultation ovti, -n-, f. ovre = celebrate a (lesser)
triumph, perh. f. Gr. euoi = exultant cry at the
A328 Bacchanalia

P
PABULUM food, nutriment pbulum, f. base p- of pscere = lead
A330
PAEON (pros.) metrical pn Gr. pain
 foot of four
syllables, one long
and three short,
named, acc. to the
position of the
long syllable, first,
second, third and
A330 fourth paeon
PALIMPSEST material prepared palimpsestus Gr. palmpsestos, f. plin =
for writing on and again + psests, pp. formation on psen = rub
A331 wiping out smooth
PALLIATE disguise the f. pp. stem of pallire, f. pallium, rel. to
enormity or palla = long wide outer garment of Roman
offensiveness of; ladies
A332 mitigate
PALLID pallidus, rel. to pallre = be pale
A332
PALLIUM vestment worn by pallium, rel to palla = long wide outer
the pope and garment of Roman ladies
conferred by him
A332 on archbishops
PALMARY palmrius = that carries off the palm of
A332 victory, f. palma = palm
PALMIPED having palmate palmips, -ped-, f. palma = palm + ps =
A332 feet foot
PALPABLE evident, manifest palpbilis, f. palpre = touch soothingly
A332
PALPITATE f. pp. stem of palpitre, frequent. of palpre
A332 = stoke
PANCRATIUM athletic contest L. Gr. pankrtion, f. pan- + krtos =
combining strength, mastery
wrestling and
A333 boxing
PANDEMONIUM abode of all devils L. f. Gr. pan- + damn = demon
A333
PAPILIONACEOUS like a butterfly f. papli, -n- = butterfly
A334
PAR equality of value, pr = equal
equal footing;
recognized value
A334 of currency
PARADOX phenomenon paradoxum, -doxon, sb. use of n. of
conflicting with paradoxus Gr. pardoxos, f. para- + dxa
preconceived = opinion
A335 notions
PARAPHERNALIA articles of personal paraphernlis, sb. use of n. pp. of
property which the paraphernlia; sb. use of n. pl. of
law allows a paraphernlis, f. paraphera Gr. parphera
married woman to n. pl. = articles of property held by a wife
regard as her own besides her dowry, f. para- + phern =
 A336 dowry, rel. phrein = bear
PAREGORIC assuaging pain pargoricus Gr. pargoriks =
encouraging, soothing, f. pargorein =
console, soothe, f. para- = beside + gor-,
var. of agor- in agoreein = speak in the
A336 assembly
PARERGON (in painting) L. = extra ornament in art Gr. prergon =
something subordiante or secondary business
subordinate to the
main theme;
subordinate piece
A336 of work
PARHELION (astron.) mock sun parlion Gr. parlion, f. para- + hlios =
A337 sun
PARISYLLABIC f. pari-, pr = equal, par + syllaba = syllable
A337
PARNASSIAN of or belonging to f. Parnassus Gr. Parnasss = Parnassus,
A337 Parnassus, poetic mountain anciently sacred to the Muses
PATELLA (anat.) knee-cap patella, dim. of patina = shallow dish
A340
PATERNAL fatherly; derived paternlis, f. paternus, f. pater = father
A340 from ones father
PATRONYMIC patrnymicus Gr. patrnumiks, f.
patrnumos = named from the father, f.
pater, patr- = father + numa, noma =
A340 name
PAVONINE pert. to a peacock pvonnus, f. pav, -n- = peacock
A341
PECULATION wrongful f. pp. stem of peclr, rle. To peclium =
appropriation of property,f. pecu = herd
A342 property
PECULIAR uncommon, odd pecliris = not held in common with others,
A342 f. peclium = property, f. pecu = herd
PEDICEL (bot.) small stalk pedicellus, f. pedculus, dim. of ps, ped- =
A342 of a plant foot
PEDIMENT triangular gable- pedament, pedement, refash. of periment,
like part crowning prob. deformation of pyramid (L.)
A342 a facade
PELAGIC pert. to the open pelagicus, f. pelagus = sea Gr. plagos
A343 sea, oceanic
PELLUCID transmitting light pellcidus, f. pellcere, perlcre = shine
A343 through
PELVIS pelvis = basin
A343
PENDULOUS hanging down pendulus, f. pendre = hang
A344
PENDULUM sb. use of n. of pendulus = pendulous
A344
PENETRALIA innermost parts pl. of penetrle, f. stem of penetrre = place
within, enter within, f. penitus = inner,
 A344 inmost, into the inmost recesses
PENIS pnis = tail, rel. to Gr. pos, Skr. psa-
A344
PENSILE hanging, vaulted pnsilis, f. pns-, pp. stem of pendre = hang
A344
PENULTIMATE f. pnultimus, f. pne = almost + ultimus =
A345 last
PENUMBRA (astron.) partly f. pne = almost + umbra = shadow
shaded region on
the edge of a total
A345 shadow
PERAMBULATION bounds perambulti, -n-, f. perambulre
A345
PERCOLATE pass or cause to f. pp. stem of perclre, f. per- + colre =
pass through a strain, f. clum = sieve, strainer
A345 porous substance
PERENNIAL f. perennis, f. per- + annus = year
A345
PERICOPE paragraph pericop Gr. perikop = section, f. peri- +
A346 kop- = cut
PERNOCTATE pass the night, f. pp. stem of pernoctre, f. per- + nox, noct-
A347 spec. in prayer = night
PERSPECTIVE drawing in perspectva, sb. use of fem. of perspectvus,
perspective f. perspect-, pp. stem of perspicere = look at
A347 closely, f. per- + specere = look
PERTINACIOUS pertinx, -c-, f. per- + tenx, -ac-, f. tenre
A348 = hold
PERVADE (arch.) pass pervdere, f. per- + vdere = go
through; diffuse
A348 itself throughout
PERVIOUS pervius, f. per- + via + way
A348
PHALANX (anat.) joint of a L. Gr. phlagx
A349 digit
PHALLUS L. Gr. phalls
A349
PHARYNX L. Gr. phrugx
A349
PHENOMENON , thing or fact phnomenon Gr. phainmenon, sb. use of
PL . MENA perceived or prp. pass. of phanein = show, pass. be seen,
A349 observed appear
PHILANTHROPY philanthrpia Gr. philanthrp, f.
A349 philnthrpos, f. phil- + nthrpos = man
PHOSPHORUS morning star; phsphorus Gr. phsphros = light-
phosphorescent bringing, sb. morning star, f. -phos = light +
substance; highly -phros = phore
inflammable non-
metallic element
luminous in the
A350 dark
PIACULAR pert. to expiation piculris, f. piculum = expiation, f. pire =
A351 appease, f. pius = pious
PIER pillar AL. pera or pra
A352
PIOUS faithful to the pius = pious
duties owed to
God, parents, etc.;
practised for the
sake of religion or
A354 a good object
PISCARY fishing-ground piscria = fishing rights, n. pl. use d sb. of
A354 piscrius, f. piscis = fish
PITUITARY mucous ptutrius, f. ptuta = mucus, gum
A355
PLACENTA (anat.) afterbirth; L. Gr. plakenta, accus. of plakeis = flat
(bot.) part of cake
carpel to which
A355 scales are attached
PLAGIARY kidnapper; plagirius = kidnapper, literary thief, f.
plagiarist,; plagium = man-stealing, kidnapping Gr.
A355 plagiarism plgion
PLANE plane surface plnum = flat surface, sb. use of n. of plnus
A356 = plain
PLASTIC characterized by plasticus Gr. plastiks, f. plasts, ppl. adj.
moulding or f. plssein = fashon, form
modelling, causing
growth or
A356 , B375 development
PLATONIC P. love, tr. amor Platnicus Gr. Platniks, f. Pltn
platonicus, used
synon. with amor
socraticus by
interest in young
men with which
Socrates was
A357 credited
PLAUDIT shortening of plaudit = applaud, 2nd pers. pl. imper. of
plaudite, orig. plaudere = clap the hands in approval
appeal for
applause at the
A357 close of a play
PLEBEIAN of low birth or plbius, f. plbs, plb- = commonalty of
A357 rank ancient Rome
PLECTRUM plctrum Gr. plektron, f. plssein = strike
A357
PLEONASM (rhet.) redundancy pleonasmus Gr. pleonasms, f. pleonzein
of expression = be superfluous, f. plon = more, compar. of
A357 pol = much
PLETHORA excessive quantity plthra Gr. plthr = fullness, repletion,
A357 f. plthein = be full
PLEURA (anat.) membrane L. Gr. pleur = side, rib
lining the thorax
and enveloping the
A357 lungs
PLEXUS (anat.) network of plexus, f. plex-, pp. stem of plectere =
A357 fibres or vessels interweave, plait
PLUM dried grape or prna, orig. pl. of prnum = plum
A358 raisin
PLUMBAGO yellow and red plumbg = lead ore, leadwort, flea-wort, f.
A358 oxides of lead plumbum = lead
PLUS with the addition pls = more
A359 of
PLUVIAL (eccl.) cope pluvile = rain-cloak, sb. use of n. of
A359 pluvilis, f. pluvia, pluere = rain
POLEMIC disputatious, polmicus Gr. polemiks, f. plemos = war
A360 controversial
POLITE of refined poltus, pp. of polre = polish
A360 courteous manners
POSIT (chiefly in pp.) f. posit-, pp. stem of pnere = place
situate, place,
assume, lay down
A363 as a basis
POSSE body of men that a posse = be able; from posse comittus =
sheriff may call to force of the county
arms, armed force,
A363 strong band
POSTERIOR hinder; hinder posterior, compar. of posterus = following,
A364 parts, buttocks future, f. post = after
POSTHUMOUS born after the f. postumus = last of all, spec. applied as in
fathers death; first sense, used as superl. of post = after,
appearing or later assoc. with humus = ground, humre =
occurring after bury
A364 death
POSTULATE (geom.) problem postultum, sb. use of n. pp. of postulre,
of self-evident prob. f. base of poscere = demand
nature; proposition
claimed to be
A364 granted
PRAGMATIC relating to affairs prgmaticus Gr. prgmatiks, f. prgma,
A365 of a state prgmat- = act, deed, affair
PRECARIOUS (leg.) held by f. precrius, f. prex, prec- = entreaty, prayer
anothers favour;
dependent on
A366 chance
PRECATORY of the nature of prectrius, f. pp. stem of precr = pray
A366 entreaty
PRECENTOR prcentor, f. prcent-, pp. stem of
A366 , B68 prcinere, f. pr + canere = sing
PRECLUDE prcldere, f. pr = pre- + claudere = shut
A366
PRECOCIOUS flowering or f. prcox, -coc-, f. prcoquere = boil
fruiting early; beforehand, ripen fully, f. pr = pre- +
prematurely coquere = cook
A366 developed
PREDICANT adj. preaching prdicns, -ant-, prp. of prdicre = preach
A367
PREDICT f. prdict-, pp. stem of prdcere, f. pr =
A367 pre- + dcere = say
PREFIX verbal element prfxum, sb. use of n. prfxus, pp. of
placed before and prfgere = fix in front
in combination
A367 with another
PREMIUM reward, prize; sum prmium = booty, reward, f. pr = pre- +
to be paid in an emere = buy, orig. take
insurance policy,
A367 etc.
PREPONDERATE weigh more or f. pp. stem of prponderre, f. pr = pre- +
A368 heavier pondus, ponder- = weight
PRESBYTER presbyterian presbyter Gr. presbteros = in N. T. elder
of the Jewish sanhedrin, elder of the
A368 apostolic church
PREVAIL predominate prvalre = have greater power
A369
PREVARICATE act or speak f. pp. stem of prvricr = go crookedly,
evasively deviate from the right path, practise
collusion, transgress, f. pr = pre- +
A369 vrcre = spread the legs apart, straddle, f.
vrus = knock-kneed
PREVENIENT preceding, spec. prvenins, -ent-, prp. of prvenre =
A369 theol. of grace precede, anticipate, hinder, f. pr = pre- +
venre = come
PREVIOUS coming or going prvius, f. pr = pre- + via = way
A369 before
PRIMAL primitive prmlis, f. prmus = prime
A369
PRIMARY of the first order or prmrius = chief, principal, f. prmus =
A369 stage prime
PRIMEVAL , f. prmvus, f. prmus = prime, first
-AEVAL
A370
PRIMOGENITURE prmgenitra, f. prm, adv. of prmus =
A370 prime, first + genitra = birth
PRISM (optics) prisma Gr. prisma, -mat- = lit. thing sawn,
A370 f. przein = saw
PROBOSCIS elephants trunk; L. Gr. probosks = lit. means of providing
elongated part of food, f. pro- + bskein = cause to feed
A371 insects mouth
PRODIGY marvel; one of prdigium, f. prd-, var. of pro- + an el. of
A371 precocious genius uncert. orig.
PROFUSE very abundant prfsus, adj. use of pp. of prfundere =
 A372 pour forth, f. pro- + fundere = pour
PROGNOSIS forecast of the prognsis Gr. prgnsis, f. progignskein
course of a case of = know beforehand
A372 disease
PROGRAMME , Sc. public notice programma Gr. prgramma = public
U.S. PROGRAM written notice, f. progrphein = write
A372 publicly, f. pro- + grphein = write
PROJECT proposal for priectum, n. of pp. of pricere = throw
A372 execution forth, expel, f. pro- + iacere = throw
PROLATE (geom.) prltus, used as pp. of prferre = bring
lengthened in the forward, produce, f. pro- + ferre, ltum =
direction of the carry
A372 polar axis
PROLEGOMENA pl. of prolegomenon Gr. prolegmenon, n.
of prp. pass. of prolgein = say beforehand,
A372 f. pro- + lgein = say
PROLETARIAN pert. to the lowest prltrius = Roman citizen of the lowest
class of the people class under the constitution of Servius
Tullius, one who served the state not with his
property but only with his offspring;
common, low, f. prltus = provided with
A372 offspring, f. prls = offspring
PROLIFIC producing prlificus, f. prls = offspring
A372
offspring
PROLUSION preliminary prlsi, -n-, f. pp. stem of prldere =
attempt, essay, or carry out preliminary exercises, f. pro- +
A373 dissertaion ldere = play
PROMISCUOUS of mixed or prmiscuus, f. pro- + miscre = mix
disorderly
character
A373
PRONE lying flat prnus, f. pr = forward
A373
PROPEL drive forward prpellere, f. pro- + pellere = drive
A373
PROPITIATE render propitious f. pp. stem of propitire, f. propitius =
A373 favourable, gracious
PROPOLIS bee-glue, resinous L. Gr. prpolis = suburb, bee-glue, f. pro-
substance with + plis = city
which bees line
A373 their hives
PROPRIETARY grantee of one of proprietrius, f. propriets = property
certain Amer.
colonies;
A374 proprietorship
PROSCENIUM in the ancient proscnium Gr. prosknion, f. pro- + skn
theatre, space = scene
between
background and
A374 orchestra
PROSCRIBE denounce, interdict prscrbere = publish in writing, f. pro- +
A374 scrbere = write
PROSPECT spectacle, scene; prspectus = look-out, view, f. prspicere, f.
A374 mental vista pro- + specere = look
PROSTITUTE sb. prstittus, pp. of prstituere = expose
publicly, offer for sale, prostitute, f. pro- +
A374 statuere = set up, place
PROTASIS first part of a L. Gr. prtasis = proposition, problem,
play; (gram.) etc., f. protenein = put forward, tender, f.
introductory clause pro- + tenein = stretch
A374 of a sentence
PROTRUDE prtrdere, f. pro- + trdere = press, thrust
A375
PROTUBERANT prp. of prtberre, f. pro- + tber = bump,
A375 swelling
PROXIMATE coming next proximtus, pp. of proximre = approach, f.
proximus = nearest, super. of proque, var. of
A375 prope = near
PRURIENT itching, having an prrins, -ent-, prp. of prrre = itch, long,
A376 itching desire be wanton
PSYCHE soul, spirit, mind psch Gr. pskh = breath, soul, life, rel.
A376 to pskhein = breathe, blow
PUDENDUM , PL . private parts pudenda, sb. use of n. sg. and pl. of
ENDA pudendus, gerundive of pudet = it is
A376 shameful
PULLULATE sprout f. pp. stem of pullulre = spring forth, grow,
f. pullulus, dim. of pullus = young of an
A377 animal, chick
PULP soft formless mass pulpa
A377
PYLORUS (anat.) opening pylrus Gr. pulrs, pulours = gate-
from the stomach keeper, f. pl = gate + ouros = watcher,
A379 into the duodenum warder
PYRE pyra Gr. pur, f. pur, pur- = fire
A379
PYRRHIC (pros.) foot pyrrichium Gr. purrhkhios, f. purrhkh =
consisting of two war dance
A380 short syllables

Q
QUA in the capacity or qu, abl. sg. fem. of qu = who
A381 status of
QUADRAGESIMAL (of a fast) lasting quadrgsimlis, f. Quadrgsima, name of
forty das; of Lent, the first Sunday in Lent and reckoned the
Lenten fortieth day before Easter, and hence the
whole season, sb. use of fem. of
quadrgsimus = fortieth, ordinal of
quadrgint = forty, f. quadr-, repr. old n.
of quattuor = four + -gint, corr. to Gr.
A381 -konta
QUADRAT small block of quadrtum, sb. use of n. of quadrtus, pp. of
metal used for quadrre = square
A381 spacing
QUADRENNIAL occuring every f. quadr(i)ennium
four years; lasting
A381 for four years
QUADRUPED quadrups, -ped-, f. quadru- = four + ps =
A381 , B358 foot
QUARANTINE (leg.) period of qua(d)rantna, f. quadranta, for quadrgint
forty days during = forty
which a widow
had the right to
remain in her
husbands chief
A382 mansion house
QUARTO book made up of orig. in phr. in quarto = in a fourth
paper produced by
folding a whole
sheet twice so as
to form four
A382 leaves (8 pages)
QUASI (a) kind of reduced form of quansei, f. qum, acc. sg.
A382 fem. of the base of who, what + sei, s = if
QUATERNARY adj. consisting of quaternrius, f. quatern = four together, f.
four things quater = four times, f. base of quattuor =
A382 four
QUATERNION quire of four quaterni, -n-, f. quatern = four together, f.
sheets quater = four times, f. base of quattuor =
A382 four
QUERY anglicization of quere
A383
QUIBBLE play on words; f. synon. quib, app. f. quibus (d. and abl. pl.
equivocating or of qu, qu, quod = who)
A383 evasive speech
QUIESCENT quiscns, -ent-, prp. of quiscere = be still,
A383 f. quis = quiet
QUIETUS death short for quitus est = he is quit
A383
QUINARY of the number five qunrius, f. qun, distributive of quinque =
A384 five
QUINCUNX arrangement of quincunx = five-twelfths, f. quinque = five +
five objects so uncia = twelfth
placed that four
occupy the corners
and the fifth the
A384 centre
QUINQUAGESIMA Sunday sb. use of fem. of quinqugsimus = fiftieth,
immediately f. quinqugint = fifty
A384 preceding Lent
QUINQUENNIAL occurring every f. quinquennis, f. quinque- + annus = year
 A384 fifth year
QUINTILLION fifth power of a f. quintus = fifth + (m)illion
million; (U.S.)
sixth power of a
A384 thousand
QUITS even (with) by prob. colloq. use of quittus = quit
repayment or
A384 retaliation
QUORUM fixed number of g. pl. of qu = who; taken from the wording
persons whose of commissions designation such persons,
presence is quorum vos...duos (etc.) esse volumus = of
necessry in the whom we will that you be...two (etc.)
transaction of
A385 business
QUOTA part or share of a quota, sb. use of fem. of quotus = of what
A385 total number, f. quot = how many
QUOTE repeat ( a passage) quotre = number, f. quot = how many, or
A385 from a book quota = quota

R
RABID furious, raging rabidus, f. rabere = rave, be mad
A386
RADICAL going to the root radiclis, f. rdx, rdc- = root
or origin,
thorough; sb.
A386 radical element
RADIUS thicker and shorter radius = staff, spoke, ray, radius of a circle,
bone of the of the arm
forearm; straight
line drawn from
the centre of a
circle to the
A386 circumference;
RAMOSE branching rmsus, f. rmus = branch
A387
RANCID rancidus, f. rancre = be putrid
A388
RAPACIOUS f. rapx, rapc- = f. rapere = snatch
A388
RAPID moving with great rapidus = lit. carrying along or away, f.
A388 speed rapere = seize, carry off quickly or violently
RATIO relation of one rati, -n- = reckoning, judgment,
quantity to another understanding, reasoning, method, motive, f.
A389 rat-, pp. stem of rr = think, reckon
RATIONAL (math.); agreable ratinlis, f. rati, -n- = reckoning,
to reason, judgment, understanding, reasoning, method,
reasonable motive, f. rat-, pp. stem of rr = think,
A389 reckon
RECENSION enumeration, recnsi, -n-, f. recnsre = reckon, survey,
survey review, revise, f. re- + cnsere = assess,
 A392 appraise
RECIPROCAL corresponding to reciprocus = moving backwards and
eachother; (gram.) forwards, alternating recoprocos, f. recos +
A392 reflexive procos, f. re- and pro=
RECLINE rest in a recumbent reclnre = bend back, lay aside, recline, f.
A392 , B229 position re- + clnre = lean
RECOLLECT summon up (ones f. recollect-, pp. stem of recolligere = collect
spirits, courage, again, f. re- + colligere = collect
A392 etc.)
RECOMMEND mention or recommendre, f. re- + commendre =
introduce with commend
approval; make
A392 acceptable
RECONDITE hidden away; reconditus, pp. of recondere = put away,
removed from hide, f. re- + condere = hide
ordinary
understanding or
A392 knowledge
RECRIMINATE retort an f. pp. stem of recrminre, f. re- + crminr
accusation, accuse = accuse, f. crmen, crmin- = accusation
A393 in return
RECTILINEAR f. rctilneus, f. rctus = right + lnea = line
A393
RECUMBENT recumbns, -ent-, prp. of recumbere =
recline, f. re- + cumbere, f. nasalized stem
A393 corr. to cubre = recline, lie in bed
RECUPERATE restore (esp. in f. pp. stem of recuperre, f. re- + cup- (as in
A393health) occupre = occupy)
REDUNDANT charcterized by redundns, -ant-, pp. of redundre =
superfluity or overflow, f. red- + undre = be agitated,
A394 excess surge, f. unda = wave
REFLECT throw back reflectere, f. re- + flectere = bend
(beams, etc.), turn
ones thoughts
upon; cast
A394 , B162 reproach
REFRACT deflect the course f. refract-, pp. stem of refringere, f. re- +
A395 of (light, etc.) frangere = break
REGNAL regnlis, f. rgnum = reign
A396
REGNANT reigning, ruling rgnns, -ant-, prp. of rgnre = reign
A396
REGULUS petty king dim. of rx, rg- = king
A396
REGURGITATE gush back again f. pp. stem of regurgitre, f. re- + gurgitre =
A396 engulf, f. gurges, -git- = whirlpool
REIMBURSE f. re- + imburse = put into a purse, pay
A396 imbursre, f. im- + bursa = purse
RELATE bring into f. stem of reltus, fuctioning as pp. of referre
connection or = refer
 A396 comparison
RELAX make less strict relaxre, f. re- + laxus = lax
A396
RELUCTANT struggling, reluctns, -ant-, prp. of reluctr = struggle
A397
resisting against, f. re- + luctr = struggle
REMIT put off, transmit; remittere = send back, slacken, relax,
A397 intr. abate postpone, f. re- + mittere = put, send
REMONSTRATE point out (a fault) f. pp. stem of remnstrre = demonstrate, f.
to; raise an re- + mnstrre = show
objection to; urge
strong reasons
A398 against
RENEGUE revoke at cards renegre, f. re- + negre = deny
A398
REPATRIATE f. pp. stem of repatrire = go back home, f.
A398 re- + patria = native land
RESCIND take away, rescindere, f. re- + scindere = cut or tear
remove, abrogate, asunder
A400 cancel
RETALIATE f. pp. stem of retalire, f. re- + tlis = of such
A401 a kind
RETICENCE maintanance of reticentia, f. reticre = keep silent, f. re- +
A401 silence tacre = be silent
RETORT reply in kind to f. retort-, pp. stem of retorqure, f. re- +
A402 torqure = twist
RETROSPECT regard or reference f. retrspect-, pp. stem of retrspicere = look
to some fact, etc.; back, f. retro- + spicere = look
A402 survey of the past
REVOLVE cause to travel in revolvere, f. re- + volvere = roll, turn
A403 an orbit
RHAPSODY extravagant rhapsdia Gr. rhapsid, f. rhapsids =
A403 effusion rhapsodist, f. rhptein = stitch + id = song
RHODIUM rosewood n. of rhodius = rose-like, f. Gr. rhdon = rose
A403 (Convolvulus)
RHODODENDRON rhododendron = oleander Gr.
rhoddendron, f. rhdon = rose + dndron =
A404 tree
RIGID precise in method rigidus, f. rigre = be stiff
A405 , B423
ROSICRUCIAN member of a L. tr. of which, viz. rosa crucis or crux i.e. =
society reputed to rose of the cross, is the basis of the name
have been founded
in 1484 by
Christian
A408 Rosenkranz
ROSTRUM beak of a galley rstrum = beak, snout, etc. f. rdere = gnaw
A408
ROTA political club rota = wheel
founded in 1659
by J. Harrington,
 which advacated
rotation in the
offices of
government;
rotation, routine;
supreme court for
A408 all causes

SABBATARIAN pert. to the f. sabbatrius = Jew, f. sabbatum Gr.

observance of the sbbaton Heb. = rest
Sabbath; sb.
observer of the
Lords Day as a
A412 Sabbath
SABBATH midnight meeting sabbatum Gr. sbbaton Heb. abbth, f.
of demons and bath = rest
A412 witches
SACCHARINE sugary saccharum = sugar
A412
SAGACIOUS of acute f. sagx, sagc-, f. sag-, repr. by sgre =
perception, esp. of discern acutely
smell; gifted with
A413 mental discernment
SALACIOUS f. salx, salc-, f. base of salre = leap
A414
SALIENT jetting forward, salins, -ent-, prp. of salre = leap
A414 pointing outward
SALIVA salva
A414
SALTATION leaping, dancing saltti, -n-, f. saltre = dance, frequent. of
A415 salre = leap
SALVO saving clause; salv, abl. of n. of salvus = uninjured, intact,
dishonest mental safe, occuring as the first word of law phr.
reservation such as salvo jure = without prejudice to the
A415 right of
SAL VOLATILE aromatic solution sl voltile = salt volatile
of ammonium
A415 carbonate
SANDARAC resin of a N.W. Afr. sandaraca Gr. sandark(h)
A416 tree; bee-bread
SANE sound in mind snus
A416
SANGUINARY bloody; sanguinrius, f. sanguis, sanguin- = blood
A416
bloodthirsty
SAPID savoury, palatable, sapidus, f. sapere = have a taste, be sensible
A416 having a taste or wise
SARCOPHAGUS stone reputed by L. Gr. sarkophgos, sb. use of adj. f. srx,
the ancient Greeks sark- = flesh + -phgos = -eating
 to consume corpses
and hence used for
A417 coffins
SASINE (Sc. law) giving var. of seisin, after law-L. sasina
possession of
A417 feudal property
SATIATE surfeit, glut f. pp. stem of satire, f. satis = enough
A418
SATURATE cause to combine f. pp. stem of saturre, f. satur = full,
with the utmost satiated
quantity of another
A418 substance
SCABROUS rough with minute f. scaber, scabr-, f. scabis = roughness, f.
A419 points scabere = scratch, scrape
SCALE graduated scla usu. pl. steps, staircase, ladder, f. base
instrument; relative of scandere = climb
dimension,
standard of
A419 measurement
SCAPE (bot.) long flower- scpus, Gr. skapos, rel. to Gr. skeptron =
stalk rising from sceptre
A420 the root
SCARUS parrot-fish L. Gr. skros
A421
SCAZON (pros.) choliamb scazn Gr. skzn, sb. use of f. prp. of
A421 skzein = limp, halt
SCENE stage of a theatre; scna, scna = stage, scene Gr. skn =
view of an action, tent, stage, scene, rel. to ski = shadow
place, etc.; episode,
A421 situation in real life
SCHEME diagram; schma Gr. schema = form, figure
analytical or
tabular statement;
A421 plan, design
SCHOLASTIC pert. to education scholasticus Gr. skholastiks = studious,
in schools; sb. learned, sb. scholar, f. skholzein = be at
schoolman leisure, devote ones leisure to learning, f.
A421 skhlol = leisure
SCINTILLA minute particle L. = spark
A422
SCIOLIST smatterer f. sciolus, dim. f. scius = knowing, f. base of
A422 scre = know
SCORBUTIC pert. to scurvy scorbticus, f. scorbtus = scurvy
A423
SCORIA slag, clinkers scria = dross Gr. skr, f. skor = dung
A423
SCULPIN any of several alt. of scorpene scorpna Gr. skrpaina,
A425 spiny fishes f. skorpos = scorpion
SECULAR living or lasting for sculris, f. sculum = generation, age
A427 an age or for ages
SEDAN closed vehicle for sella = saddle
one person carried
by means of two
A427 poles
SEDATE adj. sdtus, pp. of sdre = settle, assuage,
A427 calm, f. sd- sed-, as in sedre = sit
SEDERUNT sitting of an sb. use of sdrunt = (there) sat, 3rd pl. pt.
A427 assembly indic. of sedre = sit
SENILE pert. to old age senlis, f. sen- of senex = old
A429 , B447
SENSATION operation of any of sensati, -n-, f. snsus = sense
the senses, physical
A429 feeling
SEQUACIOUS given to following f. sequx, sequci-, f. sequ = follow
A429 another (slavishly)
SERENE (of persons) calm, sernus = clear, fair, calm
A430 untroubled
SERIES seris = row, chain, series, f. serere = join,
A430 connect
SERRATE notched like a saw serrtus, f. serra = saw
A430
SERUM watery animal fluid serum = whey, watery fluid
A430
SEXTANT (astron.) instrument sextns, -ant- = sixth part, f. sextus = sixth
resembling a
quadrant having a
graduated arc equal
A432 to of a circle
SHRINE temple, church scrnium = case or chest for books or papers
A437
SIBILANT sbilns, -ant-, prp. of sbilre = hiss,
A438 whistle, f. sbilus = whistling, sound
SIMIAN ape-like smia = ape, perh. f. smus Gr. sms =
A439 snub-nosed, flat-nosed
SIMULATE pp. stem of simulre, f. similis = similar
A439
SIMULTANEOUS f. simul = at the same time, prob. after
A439 instantaneous or momentaneous
SINECTURE benefice without (beneficium) sine cra (sine = without, cra
cure of souls; = care)
position with
emolument but
A440 without duties
SINUS (bot., anat.) cavity, sinus = semicircular fold, bosom, bay
A440 depression
SISYPHEAN useless and f. Ssypheius Gr. Sspheios, f. Ssuphos
ineffective like the
toil of the
legendary Sisyphus
A441 in Hades
SKUA predatory gull skua Faroese skgvur = ON. skufr, of
A442 unknown orig.
SMILAX climbing shrub smlax Gr. smilax = bindweed
A442
SOCINIAN (pert. to) a member Socininus, f. Socinus, latinization of
of a heretical sect Soz(z)ini, surname of two It. theologians of
denying the 16th cent.
divinity of Jesus
A447 Christ
SOL (her.) or sl = sun
A448
SOLEN razon-fish sln Gr. sln = channel, pipe, shellfish
A448
SOLILOQUY sliloquium, f. slus = sole + loqu = speak
A448
SOLIPED animal with soliped, -ps, or solidips, f. solidus = solid
A448 , B473 uncloven hoof + ps = foot
SONOROUS f. sonrus, f. sonor, sonr- = sound
A449
SPICATE (bot.) having a spctus, pp. of spcre = furnish with
spike-like spikes, f. spca = spike
A453 inflorescence
SPIRAEA genus of rosaceous spra Gr. speiraa, f. speira = spire
A454 plants
SPLANCHNIC pert. to the viscera splanchnicus Gr. splagkhniks, f.
A454 splgkhnon, usus. pl. -a = inward parts
SPONSION solemn or formal sponsi, -n-, f. pp. stem of spondre =
A455 engagement promise solemnly
SPONTANEOUS f. spontneus, f. (su) sponte = of (ones)
A455 own accord
SPORADIC sporadicus Gr. sporadiks, f. spors, -ad-
= scattered, dispersed, f. base of spors =
A455 sowing, seed
SPURIOUS not genuine f. spurius = illegitimate, false
A456
SPUTUM sptum, sb. use of n. pp. of spuere = spit
A456
SQUAMOSE scaly squmsus, f. squma = scale
A456
STADIUM course for foot- L. Gr. stdion, earlier spdion =
racing; stage of a racecourse, f. span = draw
A457 process
STAGNANT (of liquid) that is stagnns, -ant-, prp. of stagnre, f. stagnum
at rest in a vessel; = pool
A458 not moving
STALACTITE icicle-like deposit stalactts, f. Gr. stalakts = dropping,
of carbonate of dripping, f. stalak-, base of stalssein = drip,
lime pendent from let drip
A458 a cave-roof
STAMEN warp, thread; stmen = warp, thread of warp, stamen, corr.
(bot.) male or to Gr. stmn = warp, stema = part of a plant
fertilizing organ of
A458 a plant
STAMINA natime elements stmina, pl. of stmen = warp, thread of
or rudiments of a warp, stamen, corr. to Gr. stmn = warp,
A458 thing stema = part of a plant
STATE statement status = manner of standing, condition, f.
A459 base of stre = stand
STENTORIAN loud like the voice f. Stentor, after stentoreus, Gr. stentreios
of Stentor, a Greek
warrior in the
A461 Trojan war
STIPULATE make a contract; f. pp. stem of stipulr
specify or require
A463 as a condition
STRABISMUS L. Gr. strabisms, f. strabzein = squint, f.
strabs = twisted, squinting
A464
STRAMONIUM (bot.) plant of the stram(m)onium, poss. alt. of Tatar turman =
A465 genus Datura medicine for horses
STRAP strop in naut. use var. of strappus, stroppus
A465
STRIA small groove, stria = furrow, grooving
A466 narrow stripe
STRICTURE binding, tight strictra, f. strict-, pp. stem of stringere =
closure; touch, draw tight
slight trace;
incidental
comment; adverse
A466 criticism
STRIDENT making a harsh stridns, -ent-, prp. of strdere = creak
A466 noise
STRINGENT astringent, styptic; stringent-, prp. stem of stringere = bind
A466 compelling assent
STRUMA scrofulous strma = scrofulous tumour
A467 swelling, goitre
STYLOBATE (archit.) basement L. Gr. stulobts, f. stulos = pillar + -bats,
supporting a row of f. base of banein = walk
A468 columns
SUBALTERN sb., esp. subaltern subalternus, f. sub- + alternus, f. alter = one
A469 officer in the army or other of two
SUBJACENT underlying subiacns, -ent-, prp. of subiacre, sub- +
A469 iacre = throw
SUBLIMATE act upon so as to f. pp. stem of sublmre, f. sublmis, -us, f.
produce a refined sub- + lmen, lmin- = threshold
A469 product
SUBMERGE submergere, sub- + mergere = dip, plunge
A469
SUBREPTION (eccl. leg.) subrepti, -n-, f. subripere, f. sub- + repere
 misrepresentation = creep
A469of the truth
SUBSCRIBE promise over ones subscrbere, f. sub- + scrbere = write
A469 signature to pay
SUBSERVIENT serving as an subservins, -ent-, prp. of subservre, f. sub-
instrument or + servre = serve
A469 means
SUBSIDE subsdere, f. sub- + sdere = settle, sink
A469
SUBSIST provide for subsistere = stand still or firm, f. sub- +
A469 sistere = stand
SUBSTRATUM pp. of substernere, f. sub- + sternere = lay or
A470 throw down
SUBTERRANEAN f. subterrneus, f. sub- + terra = earth
A470
SUCCEDANEUM substitute n. of succdneus, f. succdere = come close
after, go under up, go near, go on well, f.
A470 sub- + cdere = go
SUCCENTOR one who takes up succentor, f. succinere = sing the
the chant after the accompaniment to, f. sub- + canere = sing
precentor;
A470 precentors deputy
SUCCUBUS strumpet succubus, m. form with fem. meaning; corr.
A470 to succuba, f. sub- + cub- = lie down
SUCCULENT juicy succulentus, f. succus = juice
A470
SUCTION scti, -n-, f. sct-, pp. stem of sgere =
A470 suck
SUDARIUM napkin for wiping sdrium, f. sdor = sweat
A470 the face
SUDORIFIC promoting sweat sdrificus, f. sdor = sweat
A471
SUPERABLE superbilis, f. superre = overcome, f.
A472 super-
SUPERANNUATED disqualified or f. superannutus, alt. of superanntus, f.
A472 impaired by age super- + annus = year
SUPERFINE extremely fine superfnus,f. super- + fnus = fine
A473
SUPERHUMAN superhmnus, f. super- + hmnus =
A473 human
SUPERINTEND superintendere, f. super- + intendere =
extend, direct, intend, f. in- + tendere =
A473 stretch, tend
SUPERNUMERARY supernumerrius, f. super numerum, super-
A473 + numerus
SUPERVENE supervenre, super- + venre = come
A473
SUPERVISE have the oversight f. supervs-, pp. stem of supervidre, f.
A473 of super- + vidre = see
SUPINATION action of turning supnti, -n-, f. supnre, f. supnus =
 the hand or fore supine
limb so that the
back of it is
downward or
A473 backward
SUPINE mentally or morally supnus, f. sup- repr. in super = above,
A473 innert superus = higher, superior
SUPPLICATE at Oxford f. pp. stem of supplicre, f. sub- + plic- =
University, present bend
a formal petition
A473 for a degree
SUPPURATE secrete pus f. pp. stem of supprre, f. sub- + ps = pus
A474
SURAL pert. to the calf of f. sra = calf
A474 the leg
SURREPTITIOUS obtained by stealth f. surrepttius, cius, f. surrept-, pp. stem of
surripere = seize secretely, make false
A475 suggestions, f. sub- + rapere = seize
SURROGATE deputy, spec. of a surrogtus, var. of subrogtus, pp. of
judge, bishop subrogre = put in anothers place, f. sub- +
rogre = ask, ask for or propose the
A475 appointment of
SUSCEPTIBLE capable of susceptibilis, f. suscept-, pp. stem of
undergoing of suscipere, f. sub- + capere = take
A475 being affected by
SYLLABUS pl. -bi, -buses; syllabus, originating in a misprint in early
concise statement editions of syllabos for sittbas, in Ciceros
of table of heads of Letters to Atticus, acc. pl. of sittyba Gr.
A478 a discourse sittb = title-slip or label
SYLPH one of a race of pl. sylphes and syplhi, G. pl. sylphen
beings supposed to
A478 inhabit the air
SYMBOL written character symbolum Gr. smbolon = mark, token,
watchword, f. sym- + bol-, as in bol, blos
A478 = a throw
SYNOPSIS L. Gr. snopsis, f. syn- + psis = view
A479
SYNOVIA fluid of the joints in synovia, sinovia, an invention, perh.
A479 the body arbitrary, of Paracelsus
SYNTAX orderly syntaxis Gr. sntaxis, f. suntssein, f. syn-
arrangement of + tssein = arrange
parts; (gram.)
arrangement of
words in their
appropriate forms
A479 , B511 and order
SYNTHESIS proceeding from L. Gr. snthesis, f. suntithnai, f. syn- +
A479 cause to effect tithnai = place, put
SYRINGA shrub of the genus syringa, f. Gr. surigx, surigg- = pipe
A479 Philadelphus
SYRINX Pan-pipe; narrow L. Gr. surigx = pipe, tube, channel
rock-cut channels
A479 or tunnels
SYSTALTIC pert. to contraction systalticus Gr. sustaltiks, f. sy- + stalts,
A479 f. stllein, stal- = place
SYSTEM systma Gr. sstma = organized whole, f.
A479 , B491 sy- + sta- = stand
SYZYGY (astron.) szygia Gr. suzug = yoke, pair,
conjunction, conjunction, f. szugos = yoked, paired, f.
(now) conjunction sy- + zug- = yoke
and opposition of
A479 two celestial bodies

T
TABES slow emaciation tbs
A480
TABULAR of the form of a tabulris, f. tabula = table
A480 tablet or slab
TACIT tacitus, prop. pp. of tacre = be silent
A480
TACT sense of touch tactus = touch, f. tag-, base of tangere =
A480 , B513 touch
TACTILE tactilis, f. tact-, pp. stem of tangere = touch
A480
TECHNIC , pert. to art or an art technicus Gr. tekhniks, f. tkhn = art,
TECHNICAL craft
A484
TEMPER mental balance f. temperre = mingle, restrain oneself
A485
TENDENCY tendentia, f. tendns, -ent-, prp. of tendere =
A486 stretch
TENEBRAE Holy Week L. = (pl.) darkness
devotion at which
candles lighted at
the beginning are
successively put
A486 out
TENET tenet = he holds, 3rd. pres. sg. of tenre =
A486 hold
TENSE drawn tight tensus, pp. of tendere = stretch, tend
A486
TENTATIVE tenttvus, f. pp. stem of tentre, var. of
A486 temptre = feel, try
TENUIS (phon.) voiceless tenuis = thin
A486 stop
TEREDO boring mollusc, terd Gr. terdn, f. base ter- of terein =
A487 esp. ship-worm rub hard, wear away, bore
TERETE smooth and round teres, teret-
A487
TERRAQUEOUS composed of, f. terraqueus, f. terra = earth + aqua = water
 living in, land and
water, chiefly in t.
A487 globe
TERRIFIC causing terror terrificus, f. terrre = frighten
A487
TERSE smoothed, tersus, pp. of tergre = wipe
polished, neat;
A487 polite, refined
TESSELLATED formed with a f. tesselltus, f. tessela, dim. of tessera Gr.
mosaic pattern tssera, n. of tsseres, Ionic var. of tssares =
A488 four
TESSERA small quadrilateral tessera Gr. tssera, n. of tsseres, Ionic var.
tablet, esp. as used of tssares = four
in mosaic; (hist.)
square tablet on
which watchword,
etc. was written;
(gen.) symbol,
A488 token
TESTACEOUS (zool.) having a f. testceus, f. testa = tile, earthen pot, shell
A488 shell; shell-like
TESTIS (anat.) testicle L.
A488
TESTUDO screen for the testd = tortoise, f. testa = tile, pot, shell
protection of
A488 armed forces
TEXTILE adj. and sb. woven textilis, f. pp. stem of texere = weave
A488 , B524 (fabric)
TEXTURE character of a textra, f. text-, pp. stem of texere = weave
textile fabric, also
A488 fig.
THECA receptacle, cell, thca Gr. thk = case, cover
A489 case
THEODOLITE portable surveying theodelitus
instrument for
A489 measuring angles
THEOSOPHY system of theosophia Gr. theosoph, f. thes = god +
philosophical sophs = wise
speculation basing
the knowledge of
nature on that of
A489 the divine nature
THESIS , PL . (theme of) a thesis Gr. thsis = placing, setting, f. the- ,
THESES dissertation base of tithnai = place
A490
TIARA popes triple crown tira Gr. tira, tiras, partly through It.
A493 tiara
TINCTURE essential principle tinctra = dyeing, f. tinct-, pp. stem of
of a substance; tingere = dye, tinge
solution of a
 A494 medicinal principle
TINEA ringworm tinea = gnawing worm, moth, worm in the
A494 body
TIRO , TYRO beginner, novice tr, pl. trnes, also tr, -ns- = young
A495 soldier, recruit, beginner
TITAN pl. family of Ttan, -n-, elder brother of Kronos Gr.
giants, born of Ttn, pl. Ttanes
Uranus and Gaea,
sg. ancestor of
A495 these
TITILLATE tickle f. pp. stem of ttillre
A495
TITTLE to a t. = with titulus = title
A495 minute exactness
TOMENTOSE closely covered f. tmentum = stuffing for cushions
A497 with down
TOPHUS (path.) gouty tphus
A498 deposit
TORPID benumbed, lacking torpidus, f. torpre = be sluggish
animation or
A498 vigour
TOXIC poisonous toxicus, f. toxicum = poison Gr. toxikn
(phrmakon) = (poison) by smearing arrows
n. of toxiks, f. txa pl. (bow and) arrows, f.
A500 txon = bow
TRAJECTORY traiectrius, f. triect-, pp. stem of tricere,
A501 f. trans- + iacere = throw
TRANSACT carry through, f. transact-, pp. stem of transigere = drive
manage through, accomplish, f. trans- + agere =
A501 drive, do
TRANSCRIBE transliterate transcrbere, f. trans- + scrbere = write
A501
TRANSECT cut across f. trans- + sect-, pp. stem of secre = cut
A501
TRANSFIX fig. (impale upon a f. transfix-, pp. stem of transfigere, f. trans-
A501 sharp point) + figere = fix, fasten
TRANSIENT transins, -ent-, prp. of transre = pass over,
A501 f. trans- + re = go
TRANSLUCENT transparent translcns, -ent-, prp. of trans- + lcere =
A501 shine
TRANSMIT pass on by transmittere, f. trans- + mittere = send
communication;
cause to pass
A502 through a medium
TRANSPIRE pass out as vapour transpirre, f. trans- + spirre = breathe
A502 , B482
TRANSVERSE transversus, pp. of transvertere = turn
A502 across, f. trans- + vertere = turn
TRAPEZIUM quadrilateral L. Gr. trapzion, f. trpeza = table, for
having only one tetra-peza, f. tetra = four; or trapezoids
 pair of opposite Gr. trapezoeids
A502 sides parallel
TRAUMATIC caused by a wound traumaticus Gr. traumatiks, f. trauma,
A502 traumat- = wound
TREMENDOUS terrific, dreadful f. tremendus, gerundive of tremere =
A503 tremble, tremble at
TREPIDATION tremulous trepidti, -n-, f. trepidre, f. trepidus =
agitation, flurry; alarmed, agitated
A503 vibration, tremor
TRIAS three, triad L. Gr. tris = triad
A504
TRICLINIUM couch on three triclnium Gr. triklnion, dim. of trklnos =
sides of a dining dinning room with three couches, f. tri- +
A504 table kln = couch
TRIENNIAL lasting three years; f. triennis of three years, triennium = period
recurring every of three years, f. tri- + annus = year
A504 three years
TRIGONOMETRY branch of trignometria, f. Gr. trgnon = triangle
mathematics
dealing with the
measurements of
A504 triangles
TRIPOD three-legged vessel trips, -pod- - Gr. trpous, -pod-, f. tri- +
A505 or support pos = foot
TRIPOS at Cambridge trips = tripod
Univ., formerly,
bachelor of arts
appointed to
dispute
humorously at
Commencement
(so called from the
tripod on which he
sat), (hence) set of
verses written for
this, (later) list of
candidates
qualified for
honours in math.
printed on the back
of the paper
containing the
verses,
(subsequently)
final honours
examination for
the bachelors
degree, first in
mathematics, later
in other subjects
A505
TRIQUETROUS three-cornered f. triquetrus
A505
TRISECT f. tri- + sect-, pp. stem of secre = cut
A505
TRITURATE pulverize f. pp. stem of trtrre = thresh corn, f. trtra
= rubbing, threshing, f. trt-, pp. stem of
A505 terere = rub
TRIUNE (of the Godhead) f. tri- + nus = one
A506 three in one
TROJAN pert. to, native of, Trinus, f. Tria = Troy
ancient Troy;
roisterer, good
fellow; brave
A506 fellow
TUBER thickened portion tber = hump, swelling
of the underground
A508 stem of a plant
TUBEROSE plant Polianthes fem. of tbrsus
tuberosa, having a
A508 tuberous root
TUBULE small tubular tubulus, dim. of tubus = tube
A508 structure
TULIP tulipa, F. tulipan, tulipe Turk. = turban
A508
TUMULUS , PL. LI sepulchral mound L., rel. to tumre = swell
A508
TUNIC body garment or tunica
coat of various
kinds; (nat. hist.)
A509 , B552 sheath, integument
TURBID thick with turbidus, f. turba = disturbance, crowd,
suspended matter; beside turb = whirlwind, reel, whirl,
fig. spinning-top Gr. trb = confusion,
A509 disorder
TURBIT small variety of f. turb = top, from its shape
A509 domestic pigeon
TURGID swollen, distended turgidus, f. turgre = swell
A509
TUTELAGE guardianship as of f. ttla = keeping, f. pp. stem of tur =
A510 a ward watch, look after
TYMPANUM drum, tambourine, L. Gr. tmpanon = drum, f. nasalized var.
A511 etc. ear-drum of base of tptein = strike

U
UBICATION location ubicti, -n-, f. ubicre, f. ubi = where
A512
UBIETY condition in ubiets, f. ubi = where
A512 respect of place
ULTERIOR beyond what is ulterior = further, more distant, compar. of
immediate or ulter
A512 present
ULULATE howl f. pp. ste of ululre, of imit. orig.
A512
UMBRA uninvited guest umbra = shadow, shade, phantom
accompanying an
invited one;
A513 (astron.) shadow
UNANIMOUS f. nianimus, f. nus = one + animus = mind
A513
UNCIAL pert. to an inch or uncilis, f. uncia = inch, ounce
A513 an ounce
UNCTION spiritual feeling uncti, -n-, f. unct-, pp. stem of ung(u)ere =
A514 anoint
UNDERWRITE subscribe, spec. tr. subscrbere = subscribe, f. sub- + scrbere
(a policy of = write
A514 insurance)
UNDULATE move in or as in f. unda = wave
A514 waves
UNIT single individual nus = one, prob. after digit
A515
UNITARIAN one who affirms f. nitrius, f. nits = unity
the unipersonality
A515
 of the Godhead
UNITE intr. form one f. nt-, pp. stem of nre = join together, f.
A515 (with) nus = one
URBAN urbnus, f. urbs, urb- = city
A517
URBANE having the urbnus, -na, f. urbs, urb- = city
manners or culture
characteristic of
town life; civil,
A517 , B559 polite
URN oviform pot or urna urcn, rel. to urceus = pitcher
A517 pitcher
URUS aurochs rus Gmc. rus
A517
USUFRUCT right of temporary sfrctus, for susfrctus, more fully sus
A518 possession or use et frctus = use and enjoyment
UTERUS (anat.) womb uterus = belly, womb
A518

V
VACATE make void or f. pp. stem of vacre = be empty or
A519 vacant unoccupied
VACILLATE waver f. pp. stem of vacillre = sway, totter
A519
VAGARY capricious or vagr = wander
A519 eccentric act
VAGINA canal connecting vgna = sheath, scabbard
A519 vulva with uterus
VALEDICTION f. valedcere, i.e. val dcere = say farewell,
val, imper. of valre = be strong or well +
A519 dcere = say
VALLUM rampart of earth, coll. f. vallus = stake, palisade
A519 etc.
VALVE one of the halves valva = leaf of a door
of a hinged shell;
(anat.)
membranous fold;
device resembling
A520 a flap, lid, etc.
VANDAL destroyer of Vandalus Gmc. Wandal-, -il-, -ul-
beautiful or
A520 venerable things
VAPID flat, insipid (of vapidus, rel. to vappa = flat or sour wine
A520 beverages)
VARIEGATE f. pp. stem of varigre, f. varius = various
A520
VARIOUS varied, variegated; f. varius
(with pl.) differing
A521 from one another
VASCULAR pert. to tubular f. vsculum, dim. of vs = vessel
 A521 vessels
VATICINATE predict f. pp. stem of vticinri, f. vts = seer,
A521 prophet, poet
VEHICLE medium of vehiculum, f. vehere = carry
application or
transmission (first
in medical use);
means of
conveyance or
A522 , B564 transport
VELITATION skirmish vlitti, -n-, f. vlitre, f. vlits, pl. of
A522 vles = light-armed soldier
VELLEITY low degree of velleits, f. velle = to wish
A522 volition
VENAL exposed for sale; vnlis, f. vnum, obl. cases of vnus = that is
capable of being for sale
A522 bought over
VENATIC pert. to hunting vnticus, f. pp. stem of vnr = hunt
A522
VENERAL (of disease) f. venerus, f. venus, vener- = love
communicated by
A522 sexual intercourse
VENESECTION phlebotomy vn secti = cutting of a vein
A522
VENIRE short for venire venre = come, facis = you are to cause, 2nd
facias = writ pers. sg. pres. subj. of facere = do, make
requiring a sheriff
A522 to summon a jury
VENOSE veined vnsus, f. vna = vein
A522
VENTIDUCT passage serving to f. ventus = wind + ductus = duct
introduce cool or
A523 fresh air
VENTILATE give free utterance f. pp. stem of ventilre = brandish, fan,
to winnow, agitate, discuss, air a subject, f.
A523 ventus = wind
VERACIOUS observant of the f. vrx, vrc-, f. vrus = true
A523 truth
VERGE descend towards vergere = bend, incline
the horizon; move
in a certain
direction, incline,
A523 tend
VERISIMILAR f. vrsimilis, vr similis = like the truth, i.e.
A523 g. sg. of vrus = true, similis = like
VERMICULAR peristaltic vermiculris, f. vermiculus, dim. of vermis =
A524 worm
VERNACULAR pert. to the native f. vernculus = domestic, native, indigenous,
A524 language f. verna = home-born slave
VERRUCOSE full of warty verrcsus, f. verrca
 A524 excrescences
VERTEBRA , PL . joint of the spinal vertebra, f. vertere = turn
AE column
A524
VERTEX zenith; top, vertex, vertic- = whirl, vortex, crown of the
A524 summit head, highest point, f. vertere = turn
VESICA bladder; copper vsca, vessca, vensca = bladder, blister
vessel used in
A524 distilling
VESTIBULE entrance hall or vestibulum
A525 , B568 court
VETERAN adj. veternus, f. vetus, veter- = old
A525 , B568
VETO prohibition vet = I forbid (1st pers. sg. pres. ind. of
designed to vetere)
prevent a proposed
A525 act
VIA (astron.) Via via = way, road
Lactea = the Milky
A525 Way
VIBRANT vibrating prp. of vibrre = move rapidly to and fro,
A525 shake, be agitated
VICESIMAL vcsimus = twentieth, f. vcn = twenty each
A526
VICE VERSA L. = the position being reversed; vice, abl. of
vix, and abl. sg. fem. of versus, pp. of vertere
A526 = turn
VICISSITUDE change in human vicissitd, f. vicissim = by turns, f. vic- =
A526 , B569affairs turn
VICTIM one who suffers victima, perh. rel to Goth. weihan =
death or severe consecrate
A526 treatment
VIGESIMAL pert. to 20 f. vgsimus, var. of vcsimus = vicesimal
A526
VILLA country residence, vlla = country house, farm (partly It. villa)
orig. one with farm
A526 buildings, etc.
VIMINEOUS made of or f. vmineus, f. vmen, -min- = osier
producing flexible
A527 twigs
VINACEOUS wine-coloured f. vnceus, f. vnum = wine
A527
VINCULUM bond, tie f. vincre = bind
A527
VINDICATE avenge; clear f. pp. stem of vindicre = claim, set free,
from censure, punish, avenge, f. vindex, -dic- = claimant,
justify; defend the protector, deliverer, avenger
A527 claims of
VINOUS pert. to wine vnsus, f. vnum = wine
A527
VIOLATE disturb violently f. pp. stem of violre, f. vs, vi- = force
A527
VIRGATE early land-measure virgta, f. virga = rod, verge
A527
VISCERA L., pl. of vscus = viscus
A528
VISCID glutinous, sticky viscidus, f. viscum = mistletoe, birdlime
A528
VISUAL pert. to sight or vsulis, f. vsus = sight, f. vs-
A528 vision
VITIATE render of no effect f. pp. stem of vitire, f. vitium = vice
A528
VITREOUS of or resembling f. vitreus = of glass, glassy, clear, transparent,
A528 glass f. vitrum = glass
VITTA L. = band, fillet, chaplet, various derivative
A528 senses
VIVACIOUS full of liveliness or f. vvx, -c- = conscious or tenacious of life,
A528 animation lively, vigorous, f. vvus = alive
VIVID vvidus, f. vvere = be living, vvus = alive,
A528 lively
VIVIPAROUS bringing forth vviparus, f. vvus = alive + -parus = bring
young in a live forth
A528 state
VOCIFERATE f. pp. stem of vciferr, f. vx, vc- = voice
A529 + fer-, stem of ferre = bear
VORACIOUS greedy for food f. vorx, -c-, f. vorre = devour
A529
VORTEX supposed rotation vortex = eddy, whirlpool, whirlwind, var. of
of the cosmic vertex = vertex
A529 matter
VULGAR lacking in vulgris, f. vulgus, volgus = the common
A530 refinement people
VULNERABLE that may be vulnerbilis = wounding, f. vulnerre =
wounded; open to wound, f. vulnus, vulner- = wound
A530 attact
VULPINE fox-like vulpnus, f. vulps, volps = fox
A530

W
---

X
XYSTUS , PL . portico, colonnade L. Gr. xusts, xustn
XYSTI
A547

Y
---

Z
ZOOLOGY science which zologia Gr. ziologa, f. zoion = animal
A551 treats of animals
 10. The Eighteenth Century

A
ACRID irreg. f. cer, cr- = sharp
A4
ADIPOSE adipsus, f. adeps, adip- = fat
A5
ADJUDICATE f. pp. stem of adidicre, f. ad- + idex,
idic- = judge
A5
AEGIS defence, L. Gr. aigs = shield of Zeus
A7 protection
AERATE f. r = air
A7
AFFILIATE f. pp. stem of afflire, f. af- + flius = son
A7
ALIBI (leg.) elsewhere; alib = elsewhere, f. alius = other
plea of having
A10 been elsewhere
ALVEOLUS small cavity, dim. of alveus = through
A13 tooth-socket, etc
AMARYLLIS genus of bulbous amaryllis Gr. Amarullis = typical name for
plants a pretty country girl in Theocritus, Virgil and
A13 Ovid
AMMONIA ammnia, earlier form armniacus, -um Gr.
A14 ammniaks, -kn
AMMONITE ammnts, f. name cornu Ammnis = horn
A14 of Ammon
AMORPHOUS f. amorphus Gr. morphos, f. a- + morph
A14 = shape
ANACOLUTHON lack of late L. Gr. anaklouthon, n. sg. of adj. =
grammatical lacking sequence, f. an- + aklouthos =
A15 sequence following
ANAPHORA Eucharistic canon L. Gr. anaphor = carrying back, f.
anaphrein = carry up or back, f. an = ana-
A15 + phrein = bear
ANACHYLOSIS formation of a stiff L. Gr. agklsis, f. agklos = crooked
A15 joint
ANECDOTE story of a detached anecdota Gr. ankdota = things
A16 incident unpublished
ANEMONE large polyp with anemn Gr. anemn, perh. f. nemos =
A16 petal-like tentacles wind
ANGINA short for angina angina = quinsy Gr. agkhn = strangling
A16 pectoris
ANGLE one of a Germanic Anglus, pl. Angl
tribes that settled
A16 in Britain
ANNOTATE f. pp. stem of annotre, f. an- + nota = mark
A17
ANTISEPTIC antispticus, f. anti- + Gr. sptiks = septic
A18
APHIS aphis Gr. phis
A19
APPRECIATE raise or rise in f. pp. stem of appretire = set pricew on, f.
A20 value ap- + pretium = price
ARDUOUS lofty, steep f. arduus = high, steep, difficult
A22, C48
ARMIGER person entitled to armiger = bearing arms, f. arma + gerere =
A22 heraldic arms bear, carry
AROMA arma Gr. rma, -at-
A22
ARSIS unemphatic L. Gr. rsis = lifting, raising, f. arein =
A23 syllable raise
ASPHYXIA stoppage of the L. Gr. asphux, f. a- + sphxis = pulse, f.
A24 pulse, suffocation sphzein = beat, throb
ASTER genus of plants astr Gr. astr = star
with radiated
A25 flowers
ATHLETE thlta Gr. athlts, f. athlein = contend for
A26 a prize
AURA subtle emanation L. Gr. ar = breath, breeze
A28
AURORA luminous aurra
atmospheric
phenomenon near
the poles,
A28 northern lights
AVOCATION transf. to ordinary vocti, -n-, f. vocre, f. -, ab- + vocre
A29 occupation = call
AZALEA L. Gr. azala, sb. use of fem. of azalos =
A30 dry

B
BACCHANAL ritously drunken bacchnlis, f. Bacchus Gr. Bkkhos = god
A31 of wine
BEGONIA L., named by Charles Plumier, French
A37 botanist, after Michel Begon
BINOCULAR adapted to both bn = two together + oculus = eye
A41 eyes
BLENNY genus of spiny blennnius, var. of blendius Gr. blnnos =
A43 fishes slime
BONUS addition to normal prob. joc. or ignorant application of bonus
A45 pay m. for bonum n. = good thing
BRACT small leaf below bractea = thin plate of metal, gold leaf
A48 calyx
BULB roundish dilatation, bulbus = Gr. blbos = onion, bulbous root
spec. of a glass
A53 tube
C
CACTUS prickly plant with L. G. Kaktos = cardoon or Spanish
thick fleshy stems artichoke
A57
CAECUM (anat.) blind end of (intestinum) ccum = blind (gut), n. sg. of
the first part of the ccus = blind
A58 large intestine
CALCEOLARIA genus of plants f. calceolus, dim. of calceus = shoe
having slipper-
A58 shaped flowers
CALCULUS spec. in calculus = pebble, etc.
differential,
A58 integral calculus
CALIX , CALYX PL. cup-like cavity calix = cup
CALICES
A59
CALVARY outdoor (life-size) calvria = skull, f. calva = scalp, calvus =
representation of bald
the Crucifield
A59 Christ
CAMELLIA genus of shrubs L., f. name of Josef Kamel (latinized
Camellus), a Moravian Jesuit who described
A59 the botany of Luzon
CAMERA chamber, in several camera = vault, arched chamber Gr.
spec. uses kamr = object with arched cover; in
photography short for camera obscura =
A60 darkened chamber or box
CAMPUS (orig. U.S.) college campus = field
or university
grounds (first at
Princeton, New
A60 Jersey)
CANISTER small box canistrum = basket for bread, fruit etc. Gr.
A60 knastron = wicker basket, f. knna = cane
CAPSICUM seed-pod of Guinea L. perh. f. capsa = box, bookcase, f. base of
A62 pepper capere = hold
CAPTION (orig. U.S.) capti, -n-, f. capere, capt- = take, seize
A62 heading, title
CARCINOMA L. Gr. karknma, f. karknos = creeping
A62 ulcer
CARPAL (anat.) pert. to the carplis, f. carpus Gr. karps = wrist
A63 wrist
CATASTROPHE sudden disaster catastropha Gr.katastroph = overturning,
A66 sudden turn, f. katastrphein = overturn
CAUSTIC fig. bitter causticus Gr. kaustiks = capable of
A67 , B77 burning, f. kausts = combustible
CAVY rodent of the cavia, f. Galibi (French Guiana) cabiai
family Caviidae
(incl. the guinea-
A67 pig)
CEDE give up, yield cdere = go (away), retire, yield
A67
CELLULOSE adj. consisting of cellulsus
A68 cells
CELT prehistoric celtes, based on celte, which occurs in the
instrument with Vulg.
A68 chisel edge
CELT, KELT one who speaks a Celt pl. Gr. Kelto
A68 Celtic language
CENSUS enumeration of cnsus, rel. to cnsre = assess, judge
A68 population
CENTENARY centennial centnrius containing a hundred, f.
A68 anniversary centn = hudred each, f. centum = hundred
CHARACTER personage, charactr Gr. kharaktr = instrument for
personality marking, impress, dinstinctive nature, f.
A71 kharssein = scratch, engrave
CHORUS musical L. Gr. khors = dance, band of dancers,
composition to be choir
sung by a band of
singers; refrain or
A75 burden
CILIA (anat.) eyelids, pl. of cilium = (lower) eyelid
A77 eyelashes
CINERARY pert. to ashes cinerrius, f. cinis, ciner- = ashes
A77
CIRCUS circular area for circus = circle, circus = Gr. krkos, krkos =
equestrian and ring, circle
acrobatic feats;
circular range for
A77 houses
CIRRUS (bot.) tendril; L. = curl
(zool.) filamentary
A77 appendage
CLIMAX culmination, clmax Gr. klmax = ladder
A80 highest point
CLOACA sewer cloca, cluca, rel. to cluere = cleanse
A80
COCCUS (pl.) cocci insect L. Gr. kkkos = berry, seed
of the genus so
A82 named
COGNOVIT (leg.) short for formula cognovit actionem = he has
acknowledgement acknowledged the charge 3rd sg. pt. of
by defendant that cognscere = get to know, f. co- + gnscere
plaintiffs cause is = know
A83 just
COINCIDE coincidere, f. co- + incidere = fall upon or
A84 into, f. in- + cadere = fall
COLEOPTERA (zool.) the beetles L. n. pl. Gr. kolepteros = sheath-winged,
A84 f. kolen = sheath + ptern = wing
COLLAPSE vb. back-formation , f. pp. collapsed, f.
 A84 collpsus, pp. of collb, f. col- + lb = fall
COLOPHON inscription colophn Gr. kolophn = summit, finishing
containing title, touch
date etc., at the end
A85 of a book
COLUMBARIUM dove-cot; f. columba = dove, pigeon
underground
sepulchre with
A85 niches
COMA (astron.) nebulous coma Gr. km = hair of the head
envelope of a
A85 comet
COMIC ludicrous, funny cmicus Gr. kmiks, f. komos = revel
A86
COMMUNICATE have a common f. pp. stem of commnicre, f. commnis =
A87 channel of passage common
COMPLACENT satisfied, esp. with complacns, -ent-, prp. of complacre, f.
A88 oneself com- + placre = please
COMPRESS condense compressre, or f. pp. stem compress- of
A89 comprimere
CONDOMINIUM joint rule f. con- + dominium = dominion
A90
CONFAB colloq. shortening confabulti, -n-, f. confabulr = converse
of confabulation =
A91 talk, chat (15th)
CONGENER member of the f. con- + gener- = genus
same class group
A92 or group
CONGENIAL suited to ones taste f. con- + genius = attendant spirit,
A92 inclination, appetite
CONGENITAL dating from ones f. congenitus = born along with, connate, f.
A92 birth con- + genitus, pp. of gignere = produce
CONGRESS legislative body of congressus, f. congress-, pp. stem of
U.S.A. congred = go together, meet, f. con- + grad
A92 = step, walk
CONGRESSIONAL f. as congressus, f. congress-, pp. stem of
congred = go together, meet, f. con- + grad
= step, walk + insertion -ion- from
A92 congressin-
CONNATE congenitally united conntus, pp. of connasc, f. con- + nasc =
A92 be born
CONSTITUENT constituting or constituns, -ent-, prp. of constituere =
appointing a establish, appoint, f. con- + statuere = set up
representative;
elector; constituent
A94 element
CONTINGENT proportion falling contingns, -ent-, prp. of contingere = be
to one; spec. of contiguous, in connection or in contact,
troops contributed befall
A95 to a force
CONUNDRUM riddle involving a prob. based on some L. formula (involving
pun, puzzling quoniam or quin)
statement or
A96 question
CONVICT bring error home f. convict-, pp. stem of convincere =
to; convince convince, f. con- + vincere = overcome
A96
COPPER copper money cuprum, for cyprium (s) = (metal) of
Cyprus; so named from its most noted
A97 ancient source
COROLLA (bot.) whorl of dim. of corna = crown
A98 petals
CORPUS body of writings corpus = body
A98
CORRELATE back-formation from correlation, correlative
A98 (16th) correlti, -tvus (13th)
CORROBORATE support by f. pp. stem of corrborre, f. cor- +
concurrent rborre = strengthen, f. rbur = strength
A99 evidence
CORUSCATE sparkle, glitter f. pp. of coruscre = vibrate, glitter
A99
COTHURNUS buskin of ancient L. Gr. kthornos
A99
tragic actors
COTONEASTER genus of rosaceous f. cotneum = quince
A99 trees
COTYLEDON seed-leaf cotyldon = navelwort, pennywort Gr.
kotuldn = applied to various cup-shaped
A100 cavities, f. kotl = hollow, cup
CRAPULOUS suffering from crpulsus, f. crpula = introxication Gr.
excessive drinking kraipl = result of a drunken debauch
A103 or eating
CRENATE (nat. hist.) notched, crntus, f. crna = notch
A104 finely scalloped
CROTON L. Gr. krtn = sheep-tick, castor-oil plant
A106
CRUX , PL. conundrum, L. = cross; short for crux interpretum, crux
CRUXES , - CES riddle philosophorum = torment of interpreters, of
A106 philosophers
CRYPT crypta Gr. krpt = vault, sb. use of fem.
A107 of krupts = hidden
CULPRIT offender culpa = guilt
A107
CUMBRIAN pert. to Cumbria, f. W. Cymry, f. kombrog, pl. of
Cumberland or to kombrogos = fellow countryman, f. kom-
the ancient British (com-) + mrog- = region
kingdom of
A108 Cumbria
CURRICLE two-wheeled curriculum = racing-chariot, dim. of currere
A109 carriage = run
CURSIVE written in a cursvus, f. curs-, pp. stem of currere = run
A109
 running hand
CYST sac, esp. of morbid cystis Gr. kstis = bladder
A110 matter

D
DEBENTURE certificate of a dbentur = are owing or due, 3rd pl. pres.
loan made to a ind. pass. of dbre = owe
A114 government
DEBIT entry of a sum dbitum = debt
A114 owing
DECORATE deck with f. decorate pp. or its source decortus, -re =
ornamental beautify, f. decus, decor-, rel. to decns,
A115 accessories decent- , pp. of decre = be fitting
DELIQUESCE dissolve by dliquscere, f. de- + liquscere, f. liqure =
absorpiton of be fluid
A117 moisture
DEMULCENT soothing dmulcns, -ent-, prp. of dmulcre = soothe
caressingly, f. de- + mulcre = stroke,
A118 appease
DEPICT portray f. dpict-, pp. stem of dpingere
A119
DEPRECIATE fall in value or f. pp. stem of dpretire, f. de- + pretium =
A120
estimation price
DESQUAMATION scalling, peeling of dsqumti, -n-, f. dsqumre = remove
A121 skin the scales from, f. de- + squma = scale
DESTITUTE bereft of resources dstittus = forsaken, pp. of dstituere, f. de-
A121 + statuere = set up, place
DESULTORY disconnected and dsultrius = per. to a vaulter, superficial, f.
irregular dsultor, f. dsult-, pp. stem of dsilre = leap
A121 down, f. de- + salre = leap
DETERIORATE grow worse f. pp. stem of dterirre, f. dterior = worse
A122
DETONATE f. pp. stem of dtonre, f. de- + tonre =
A122 thunder
DETRITUS wearing away by dtrtus, f. dtr of dterere = wear away, f.
A122 rubbing de- + terere = rub
DEVIL (highly seasoned) diabolus Gr. dibolos = slanderer, devil
B122 boiled or fried dish
DIACONAL pert. to a deacon diconlis, f. diconus = deacon
A123
DIAPASON (mus.) scale, diapsn Gr. diapson, i.e. dia pson =
A123 range, pitch through all (the notes)
DICOTYLEDON (bot.) flowering pl. dcotyldones
plant having two
A124 seed-lobes
DIFFUSE opp. of confined diffssu = extensive, ample, prolix, pp. stem
and condensed of diffundere = pour out, f. dif- + fundere =
A124 , B175 pour
DIGITALIS drug prepared digitlis = pert. to the finger, after the G.
from a plant of the name of the foxglove, fingerhut
 A124 foxglove family
DISSIDENT sb. dissidns, -ent-, prp. of dissidre = dissagree,
A129 f. dis- + sedre = sit
DOCILE tractable docilis, f. docre = teach
A131
DOSS (sl.) sb. bed; vb. f. dorsum = back
A133 sleep
DRACONIC pert. to Draco f. drac, -n- = dragon, Drac, Gr. Drkn
(archon at Athens
621 B.C.) or his
severe code of
A134 laws
DRUPE (bot.) stone-fruit drpa, druppa = over-ripe olive Gr. drppa
A137 = olive
DUCT conduit ductus = leading, conduct, in medL.
A137 aqueduct, f. duct-, pp. stem of dcere = lead
DUODECIMAL pert. to 12th parts; f. duodecimus = twelfth, duodecim = twelve,
based on the f. duo = two + decem = ten
A138 number 12
DYSPEPSIA L. Gr. duspeps, f. dspeptos = difficult of
A139 digestion, f. dys- + pepts = cooked, digested

E
ECZEMA L. Gr. kzema, f. ekzein = boil over, break
A141 out, f. ek = out, ex- + zein = boil
EFFERVESCE give off bubbles of effervscere, f. ef- + fervscere, inceptive of
A144 gas fervre = boil
EFFIGY effigis, f. effig-, stem of effingere, f. ef- +
A143 fingere = fashion
EFFLORESCE burst forth as in efflrsccere, f. ef- + flrescere, inceptive of
flower; change to flrre, f. flr- = flower
A143 fine powder
EFFLUENT flowing out effluns, -ent-, prp. of effluere, f. ef- + fluere
A143 = flow
EFFULGENT gleaming forth effulgns, -ent-, prp. of effulgre, f. ef- +
A143 fulgre = shine
ELIDE omit in ldere, f. e- + ldere = injure, harm
A144 pronunciation
EMANATE f. pp. stem of mnre, f. e- + mnre = flow
A145
EMEND remove errors mendre, f. e- + menda = fault
A146 from
EMIGRATE f. pp. stem of migrre, f. e- + migrre =
A146 migrate
ENERGUMEN possessed person, energmenus Gr. energomenos, pass. ppl.
demoniac of energein = work in or upon, f. en- + rgon
A149 = work
ENUNCIATE pronounce f. pp. stem of nuntire, f. e- + nuntire =
A151 announce
EPIC sb. epicus late Gr. epiks, f. pos = word, song
 A152
EQUINE equnus, f. equus = horse
A153
EQUIVOCAL of doubtful f. quivocus, f. qui = equi + vocre = call,
genuineness, name
A153 questionable
ERA period or epoch ra, orig. pl. of s, ris = copper
A154
ERUBESCENT rubscns, -ent-, prp. of rubscere, f. e- +
A154 rubscere, f. rubre = be red
ETHER (chem.) liquid thr Gr. aithr = upper air, f. base of
obtained by the athein = kindle, burn, shine
action of acid on
A156 , B146 alcohol
EUONYMUS (bot.) eunymus Gr. eunumos = lucky, f. eu- +
A157 numa, var. of noma = name
EXEAT permission to go L. = let him go out, 3rd per. sg. pres. subj. of
A159
out or leave exre = go out
EXEQUATUR (leg.) official L. = let him perform, 3rd pers. sg. pres. subj.
A160 authorization of exequ = execute
EXPATRIATE withdraw from f. expatrire, -t-, f. ex- + patria = native
ones native land
A160 country
EXPLODE go off or cause to expldere = drive out by clapping, hiss off
do so with a loud the stage, f. ex- + plaudere = clap the hands
A160 noise
EXPONENT sb. (math.) index expnns, -ent-, prp. of expnere = expound
A161 of a power

F
FACT circumstances and factum, sb. use of n. pp. of facere = do
A164incidents of a case
FAUNA animals of a region application of the proper name Fauna of a
A167 or epoch rural goddess, siter of Faunus
FEMORAL (anat.) pert. to the f. femur, -or- = thigh
A169 femur
FIMBRIA (techn.) fringe fimbri
A171
FLORA plant life of a f. fls, flr- = flower
A175
region, period etc.
FLORESCENCE (state or period of) flrescentia, f. prp. stem of flrscere,
A175 flowering inceptive of flrre.
FLUOR mineral containing fluor = flow, flux, f. fluere = flow
A176 fluoride
FOCUS point at which an focus = fire-place, domestic heart
object must be
situated so that a
well-defined
image of it may be
proudced by the
 lens; centre of
A176 activity
FORMIC (chem.) of an acid f. formca = ant
contained in a
fluid emitted by
A180 ants
FORMULA recipe; rule, etc. frmula, dim. of frma = form
A180
FRANCO - comb. of Francus = Frank, meaning Frankish
A181 or French and...
FROND (bot.) leaf-like frns, frond- = leaf
organ formed by
the union of stem
A183 and foliage
FRUTESCENT (bot.) becoming f. frutex = bush
A184 shrubby
FUCHSIA L., named after Leonhard Fuch, G. botanist
A184
FUCUS genus of seaweeds fcus = rock-lichen, red dye or cosmetic -
A184 Gr. phukos
FUGACIOUS failing or fading f. fugx, fugc, - f. fugere = flee
A184 early
FUNGIBLE (leg.) that can fungibilis, f. fung = perform
serve for another
A185 (thing)
FUSION union as if by fsi, -n-, f. fs-, pp. stem of fundere = pour
A186 melting

G
GALLINACEOUS pert. to the gallnceus, f. gallna = hen, f. gallus = cock
Gallinae (domestic
A187 poultry etc.)
GARDENIA f. name of Alexander Garden, Sc. naturalist
A189
GAZEBO turret, look-out perh. joc. f. gaze, in imitation of futures in
A190 -b
GENIAL kindly genilis = nuptial, productive, joyous,
A191 pleasant, f. genius = genius
GENIUS extraordinary genius = attendant spirit, inclination,
native intellectual appetite, intellectual capacity
A191 power
GERANIUM genus L. Gr. gernion, f. granos = crane
A192 Pelargonium
GLOMERATE (bot.) compactly glomertus
A195 clustered
GLUME (bot.) husk glma, f. glbm, f. glb- (as in glbere =
A196 shell)
GOBY gbius, var. of cbius Gr. kbis = some
A196 small fish
GRACKLE bird of any genus grcula, fem. formed to corr. to grculus =
 org. included in jackdaw
Gracula
A198
GRAPHIC pert. to drawing or graphicus Gr. graphiks, f. graph =
A200 painting drawing, writing
GUBERNATORIAL (chiefly U.S.) guberntor = governor
A204
GYNAECEUM (antiq.) womens L. Gr. gunaikeion, f. gun, gunaik- =
A206 apartments woman

H
HASTATE spear-shaped hasttus, f. hasta = spear
A211
HEBDOMADAL weekly hebdomadlis, f. hebdomas, -ad- = group of
A213 seven Gr. hebdoms, f. hept = seven
HELIANTHUS sunflower genus L. Gr. hlios = sun + nthos = flower
A213
HERMENEUTICS science of hermneutica Gr. hermneutik, sb. use of
interpretation ferm. sg. of adj., f. hermneuts, agent-noun
f. hermneein = interpret, f. hermnes =
A215 interpreter
HIATUS break between two hitus = gaping, opening, f. hire = gap
A216 vowels
HIBISCUS L.
A216
HUMILIATE reduce the dignity f. pp. stem of humilire, f. humilis = humble
A222 of
HUMUS L. = mould, ground, soil
A222
HYDRA genus of L. Gr. hdr = water-serpent
freshwater polyps,
so named from the
fact that cutting it
into pieces
multiplies its
A223 numbers
HYDRANGEA hydranga, f. Gr. hudr, hudr- = water +
ggos = vessel; so called with ref. to the cup-
A223 like form of the seed- capsule
HYOSCYAMUS genus of plants, L. Gr. huoskamos, f. hos, g. of hus =
A224 henbane swine, sow + kamos = bean
HYPAETHRAL open to the sky f. hypthrus Gr. hpaithros, f. hup under,
A224 hypo- + aithr = air, ether

I
ICTUS metrical stress L. = blow, stroke, f. ict-, pp. stem of cere =
A227 strike
ILLUMINATE decorate with f. pp. stem of illuminre, f. il- + lmen,
A228 colour lmin- = light
IMAGO (entom.) final img = image
A228 stage of an insect
IMPACT sb. f. impact-, pp. stem of impingere = impinge
A229
IMPARISYLLABIC of Gr. and L. nouns f. impar = unequal, f. im- + par = equal, peer
that have different
numbers of
syllables in
A229 different cases
IMPEND hang over impendre, f. im- + pendre = hang
A229
IMPERSONATE assume the person im- + persna = person
A229 of
IMPLEMENT fulfilment implmentum = filling up, noun of action of
A230 implre = employ, spend
IMPUNITY security impnits, f. impnis = unpunished, f. im- +
A231 pna = penalty
INANITION exhausted innti, -n-, f. innre, f. innis = empty,
A231 condition vain
INCRIMINATE charge with a f. pp. stem of incrminre = accuse, f. in- +
A232 crime crmen = charge
INCUBATE f. pp. stem of incubre, f. in- + cubre = lie
A232
INCULPATE accuse, blame f. pp. stem of inculpre, in- + culpre =
A232 blame, censure, f. culpa = blame
INDOLENT averse to exertion indlns, -ent-, f. in- + prp. of dolre = suffer
A233 pain, give pain
INDULGE take ones pleasure indulgre
A234 freely in
INDUSIUM (anat.) amnion L. = tunic, f. induere = put on
A234
INERT sluggish iners, inert- = unskilled, inactive, f. in- + ars
A234 = skill, art
INFUSORIA (zool.) class of sb. use of n.pl. of infsrius, f. infs-, pp.
protozoa, so called stem of infundere, f. in- + fundere = pour
because found in
infusions of
A235 decaying matter
INHALE inhlre, f. in- + hlre = breathe
A236
INOCULATE implant f. pp. stem of inoculre = engraft, implant, f.
(a disease); in- + oculus = eye
impregnate with
the virus of a
A237 disease
INSOMNIA f. insomnis = sleepless, f. in- + somnus =
A237 sleep
INSULAR characteristic of insulris, f. insula = island
islanders, as being
narrow or
A238 prejudiced
INTERCALARY intervening intercalri(u)s, f. intercalre = proclaim the
 A239 insertion of a day, etc. in the calendar
INTERLUDE intervening time or interldium, f. inter- + ldus = play
A239 space
INTERNECINE mutually internecnus, f. interneci = general
destructive slaughter, massacre, extermination, f.
internecre = slaughter, exterminate, f. inter-
A240 + necre = kill
INTUITION (gen.) immediate intuiti, -n-, f. in- + tuiti, -n-, =
A241 insight protection, f. tur = look after
IPOMOEA genus of L. f. Gr. ips, ip- = worm + hmoios = like
convolvulaceous
A242 plants
IRIDESCENT displaying colours f. ris, rid- = iris-
like those of the
A242 rainbow
IXIA (bot.) genus of ixia Gr. ix = kind of thistle
A244 iridaceous plants

J
JUNCTION iuncti, -n-, f. iunct-, pp. stem of iungere =
A249 join
JURAT (leg.) irtum, n. pp. of irre = swear
memorandum of
the swearing of an
A250 affidavit
JUVENILE sb. iuvenlis, f. iuvenis = young
A250

K
KALMIA genus of Amer. f. name of Peter Kalm, a pupil of Linnaeus
A251 evergreen shrubs

L
LACINIATE (nat. hist.) jagged, f. lacnia = tuft, fringe, skirt of a garment
A256
slashed
LANCEOLATE shaped like a lanceoltus, f. lanceola, dim. of lancea =
A257 spearhead lance
LAPIDARY adj. suitable for lapidrius, f. lapis, lapid- = stone
monumental
A258 inscriptions
LAPSE passing (of time) lapsus, f. laps-, pp. stem of lb = glide, slip,
A258 fall
LARVA insect in the grub L. = disembodied spirit, ghost, mask (the
state perfect insect not being recognizable in the
A259 larva)
LEMUR lemur, f. pl. lemurs = shades of the departed;
so named because of its spectre-like face
A263
LENIENT indisposed to lnins, -ent-, prp. of lnre = soothe, f. lnis
A263 severity = soft, mild
LEPIDOPTERA order of insects L. f. Gr. leps, lepido- = scale + ptern =
with scale-covered wing
A263 wings
LILIACEOUS lliceus, f. llium = lily
A266
LILLIPUTIAN diminutive f. Lilliput, name of an imaginary country in
Swifts Gullivers Travels, peopled by
A266 pygmies six inches high
LINN(A)EAN Linnus, latinized form of the surname of
A267 Carl von Linn, Sw. naturalist
LOBELIA f. name of Matthias de Lobel, botanist to
A269 James I
LOCUS L. = place
A270
LUBRICATE treat with oil f. pp. stem of lbricre, f. lbricus = slippery
A272
LUDICROUS ridiculous f. ldicrus, f. ldicrum = stage play, f. ldere
A273 = play
LURID yellow-brown lridus, f. lror = wan or yellowish colour
A273
LYCEUM place of study or Lycum Gr. Lkeion, n. of lkeios = epithet
instruction of Apollo, to whose temple the Lyceum was
A274 adjacent
LYCOPODIUM L. Gr. lkos = wolf + pos, pod- = foot; so
A274 named from the claw-like shape of the root
LYMPH colourless alkaline lympha
A274 , B277 fluid in the body

M
MAGNESIA (spec. white m.) magnsia Gr. (h) Magnsa (lthos) = the
hydrated Magnesian stone, loadstone, stone with
magnesium silvery sheen
carbonate, used
medicinally;
(chem.)
A276 magnesium oxide
MAGNOLIA L. f. name of Pierre Magnol, professor of
A276 botany at Montpellier
MAGNUM bottle containing n. sg. of magnus = large
A276 two quarts
MEDIAL that is in the medilis, f. medius = mid
A287 middle; ordinary
MEDUSA jellyfish, sea-nettle Medsa Gr. Mdousa
A287
MEMENTO object serving as a mement, imper. of meminisse = remember
A288 memorial
MERGANSER merganser, f. mergus = diver (water-fowl), f.
A290 mergere = dive + anser = goose
MERGE (leg.) extinguish or mergere = dip, plunge
be extinguished by
 A290
absorption
MICA small plate of mca = grain, crumb
talc, etc. mineral
consisting
essentially of
silicate of
aluminum
occurring in
glittering scales or
A292 in crystals
MICTURITION desire to make micturti, -n-, f. pp. stem of micturre,
water, making desiderative formation on mict-, minct-, pp.
A292 water stem of mingere = make water
MILLESIMAL thousandth (part) f. millsimus, f. mille = thousand
A293
MIMOSA sensitive plant, mmsa, app. f. mmus = mime; so named
Mimosa pudica. from its imitation of animal sensitiveness
A293 and its allies
MINUS (electr.) L. = less, n. of minor
negative(ly)
A294
MINUTIA , PL . very small matters mintia, pl. -i, f. mintus = minute
MINUTIAE
A295
MISSION establishment of missi, -n-, f. miss- stem of mittere = let go,
A296 missionaries send
MNEMONIC adj. and sb. mnmonicus Gr. mnmoniks, f. mnmn,
A297 mnmon- = mindful
MODULATE pass from one key f. pp. stem of modulr = measure, adjust to
to another rhythm, make melody, f. modulus , dim. of
A297 modus = mode
MONAD ultimate unit of monas, -ad- - Gr. mons = unit, f. mnos =
A298 being alone
MORIBUND about to die moribundus, f. mor = die
A301
MYOPIA short-sightedness L. Gr. mp, f. mps, f. mein = shut +
A306 ps = eye

N
NASTURTIUM trailing plant of L.
the genus
A309 Tropaeolum
NEBULA cloud-like cluster nebula, rel. to OE., OS., OHG.
A310 of stars
NEPTUNIAN (geol.) pert. to the Neptnius, f. Neptnus = god of the sea
A311 action of water
NEUTER asexual, sterile neuter, f. ne- + uter = either of two
A312 , B323
NICTITATE blink,wink f. pp. stem of nictitre, frequent. of nictre =
A312 blink
NIGRESCENT blackish prp. stem of nigrscere = grow black, f. niger
A313 = black
NIMBUS halo nimbus = rain, cloud, aureole
A313
NUCLEUS condensed portion nucleus = nut, kernel, inner part, var. of
of the head of a nuculeus, f. nucula = small nut, dim. of nux,
comet; central nuc- = nut
A316 part, kernel
NULL insignificant, non- nllus, -a = no, none, f. ne + llus = any, f.
A316 , B324 existent nus = one
NUMISMATIC f. numisma, -mat-, var. of nomisma Gr.
nmisma = current coin, f. nomzein = have
A316 , B325 in use, f. nmos = use, custom
NUTATION oscillation of the ntti, -n-, f. ntre, ntt- = nod, f. base
A317 earths axis of nuere = nod

O
OBITUARY obiturius, f. obitus = obit
A318
OBJECT (gram.) obiectum, sb. use of the pp. of obicere =
throw towards, place in front of, f. ob- +
A318 iacere = throw
OBLATE (geom.) flattened ob- + ltus
A318 at the poles
OBSOLETE (biol.) indistinct, obsoltus = grown old, worn out, pp. of
imperfectly obsolre, f. ob- + solre = be accustomed or
A319 developed used
OBSTETRIC f. obstetrx, -trc- = midwife, lit. a woman
who is present, f. obstre = stand in the way,
A319 f. ob- + stre = stand
OFFICINAL (of a herb) used in officnlis, f. officna = workshop,
medicine and the manufactory, laboratory, for opificna, f.
arts; (of remedies) opifex, -fic- = workman, f. opus = work +
sold in the shops, -fic, facere = do
made up according
to the
A321 pharmacopoeia
ONTOLOGY study of being ontologia, f. Gr. onto-, comb. form of n, g.
A323 ntos = being, n. of n, prp. of einai = be
OPERCULUM (zool. etc.) cover, f. operre = cover, close, parallel formation to
A323 lid aperre = open
OPUS work, esp. Musical L. (first in magnum o., o. magnum = great
A324 composition work), rel. to Skr. pa-
ORB cross-surmounted orbis = ring, round surface, disc
A325 globe of the regalia
ORCHESTRA part of a theatre, orchstra Gr. orkhstr, f. orkheisthai =
etc., assigned to dance
musicians; band of
A325 musicials itself
ORIOLE name of various oriolus OF. oriol L. aureolus, f. aureus =
 yellow-plumaged golden, f. aurum = gold
A326 brids
OROTUND marked by fullness f. phr. re rotund = lit. with round mouth
A326 and clarity of tone
ORTHODOX spec. epithet of the orthodoxus Gr. orthdoxos, f. orths =
Eastern Church straight, right + dxa = opinion, f. base of
A326 dokein = seem, rel. to decet
OSCILLATE f. pp. stem of scillre, f. scillum = little
mask of Bacchus = hung from the trees,
especially in vineyards, so as to be easily
A327 moved by the wind, dim. of s = face
OSSEOUS pert. to bone f. osseus, f. os, oss- = bone
A327
OTIOSE of no practical tisus, f. tium = leisure
A327 effect
OVUM egg (female L.
A329 reproductive cell)

P
PALMATE shaped like an palmtus, f. palma = palm
A332 open hand
PANDEMONIUM haunt of great L., f. Gr. pan- + damn = demon
wickedness, place
or gathering of
A333 lawless violence
PANTHEON applied to modern pantheon Gr. pntheion, f. pan- + theios =
buildings divine, f. thes = god
resembling the
A334 Pantheon in Rome
PAPILLA nipple-like L. papilla = nipple
A334 protuberance
PAPYRUS writing material pap Gr. ppros = paper-rush
prepared from
A334 sedge
PAR average amount pr = equal
A334
PARAGOGE addition of a letter paragg Gr. paragg = derivation,
or syllable to a addition to the end of a syllable, f. para- =
A335 word past, beyond + agg = leading
PARAPHERNALIA trappings, paraphernlis, sb. use of n. pp. of
accessories, paraphernlia; sb. use of n. pl. of
appurtenances paraphernlis, f. paraphera Gr. parphera
n. pl. = articles of property held by a wife
besides her dowry, f. para- + phern =
A336 dowry, rel. phrein = bear
PARASITE animal or plant parastus Gr. parstos = one who eats at
supported by the table of another, toady, f. para- + sitos =
A336 another food
PARENTHESIS device used to L. Gr. parnthesis, f. parentithnai = place
mark this, e.g. ( ) in besides
 A336
PECTEN comb-like pecten, -in-, comb. rel. to pectere, Gr. pkein
A342 structure
PASSERINE passer = sparrow
A339
PEDESTRIAN going on foot; f. pedester, -tr- = going on foot, f. ps, ped-
prosaic, = foot
uninspired; also
A342 , B358 sb.
PEDIMENT base, foundation ps, ped- = foot
A342
PEDUNCLE (bot.) stalk of pedunculus, f. ps, ped- = foot
A342 flower or fruit
PELTATE shield-shaped f. pelta = applied to shield-like structures
A343
PENDULOUS suspended so as to pendulus, f. pendre = hang
A344 swing
PERQUISITE gratuity perqustum = acquisition, sb. use of n. of pp.
of perqurere = search diligently for, f. per- +
A347 qurere = seek
PERSIST remain in persistere, f. per- + sistere = stand
A347 existence
PESSARY instrument to pessrium, f. pessum, -us Gr. pesss, n =
remedy uterine draught-board, oval stone used in a game,
A348 displacement medicated plug
PESSIMISM the worst pessimus = worst
A348 condition possible
PETAL petalum = metal plate Gr. ptalon = lamina,
leaf. sb. use of n. of adj. ptalos = outspread,
f. base pet-, as in petnnusthai = unfold
A348
PHALANX (bot.) bundle of L. Gr. phlagx
A349
stamens
PHENOMENON , notable or phnomenon Gr. phainmenon, sb. use of
PL . MENA exceptional fact or prp. pass. of phanein = show, pass. be seen,
A349 occurrence appear
PHLOX herbaceous plant L. Gr. phlx = lit. flame
A350
PILOSE hairy pilsus, f. pilus = hair, pile
A353
PINNATE pinntus = feathered, winged, f. pinn =
applied to various objects likened to a wing
A354 or feather
PIRATE fig. of literary or prta Gr. peirts, f. peiran = attempt,
other plundering attack, peira = attempt, trial, f. per- as in
A354 peril
PISTIL (bot.) female organ pistillum = pestle
A354 , B373 of a flower
PLASMA form; green plasma = mould, image, f. Gr. plssein =
A356 variety of quartz fashion, form
PLASTIC capable of being plasticus Gr. plastiks, f. plasts, ppl. adj.
A356 , B375moulded f. plssein = fashon, form
PLUMBAGO black lead, plumbg = lead ore, leadwort, flea-wort, f.
graphite; genus of plumbum = lead
A358 plants, leadwort
PLUS (electr.) pls = more
A359 positive(ly)
PODIUM projecting base L. = elevated place, balcony Gr. pdion,
A359 dim. of pos, pod- = foot
POLLEN (bot.) powdery pollen = flour, fine powder, rel. pulvis =
substance powder
produced by the
A360 anther
PONDEROUS laboured in pondersus, f. pondus, ponder- = weight, rel.
A361 manner to pendere = weigh
PORRECT put forward f. porrect-, pp. stem of porrigere, f. por- =
A362 pro- + regere = stretch, direct
PRAENOMEN name preceding f. pr = pre- + nmen = name
the nomen,
A365 personal name
PRATINCOLE bird of the genus pratincola, f. prtum = meadow + incola =
Glareola, allied to inhabitant
A365 the plover
PRECARIOUS perilous f. precrius, f. prex, prec- = entreaty, prayer
A366
PREMIUM fee for instruction prmium = booty, reward,f. pr = pre- +
A367 in a trade emere = buy, orig. take
PRESBYOPIA (path.) failure of L., f. Gr. prsbus = old man + ps = eye
eyesight
characteristic of
A368 old age
PRIMATES (zool.) highest prms = of the first rank, chief, f. prmus =
A369 order of mammalia first, prime
PRIMULA prmula, fem. of dim. of prmus = prime,
first, orig. in prmula vris = little firstling of
spring, applied to the cowslip and the field
A370 daisy
PROFLIGATE sb. prflgtus = ruined, dissolute, pp. of
prflgre = cast down, ruin, f. pro- = base
A372 glg- = beat
PROMINENT conspicuous prminns, -ent-, prp. of prminre = jut out,
A373 f. pro- + base of mns = mount
PROPYLAEUM entrance to a L. Gr. proplaion, sb. use of n. adj. =
temple, etc.; before the gate, f. pro- + pl = gate
A374 introduction
PRURIENT given to lewd prrins, -ent-, prp. of prrre = itch, long,
A376 thoughts be wanton
PUERPERAL pert. to parturition f. puerperus = parturient, f. puer = child +
A376 -parus = bringing forth
PUGILIST f. pugil, f. base of pugnus = fist, pugnre =
 A377 fight
PULMONARY pulmnrius, f. pulm, -n- = lung
A377
PYREXIA (path.) febrile L. f. Gr. prexis, f. purssein = be feverish, f.
A380 disease pur = fire

Q
QUAQUAVERSAL turning in every ququ versus, i.e. ququ = where-,
A382 direction whithersoever, versus = turned, towards

R
RACEME racmus = cluster of grapes
A386
RACHITIS (med.) rickets L. Gr. rhakhitits, f. rhkhis = spine, ridge
A386
RADIANT pert. to radiation radins, -ant-, prp. of radire = radiate, f.
A386 radius = ray
RADICLE (bot.) part of the rdcula, dim. of rdx, rdc- = root
embryo which
develops into the
A386 primary root
RADIUS (techn.) rod, bar, radius = staff, spoke, ray, radius of a circle,
A386 ray of the arm
RAPID acting or rapidus = lit. carrying along or away, f.
A388 happening quickly rapere = seize, carry off quickly or violently
RATIO ration rati, -n- = reckoning, judgment,
understanding, reasoning, method, motive, f.
A389 rat-, pp. stem of rr = think, reckon
RAUCOUS f. ravicus, f. ravus = hoarse
A389
RECIPE formula for a dish recipe, imper. sg. of recipere = receive
A392 in cookery
RECOGNITION indentification of a recogniti, -n-, f. recognit-, pp. stem of
person or thing recognoscere = examine, recognize, f. re- +
congnoscere = get to know, investigate, f. co-
A392 + gnscere = know
RECRUDESCENCE f. recrdescere, f. re- + crdscere = become
A393 raw
REGURGITATE cast out again f. pp. stem of regurgitre, f. re- + gurgitre =
A396 engulf, f. gurges, -git- = whirlpool
RELEGATE consign to f. pp. stem of relgre = send away, refer, f.
A397 obscurity re- + lgre = send
RELUCTANT unwilling reluctns, -ant-, prp. of reluctr = struggle
A397 against, f. re- + luctr = struggle
REMANET (leg.) cause of L. = there or it remains, 3rd sg. pres. ind. of
which the hearing remanre = remain
is postponed
A397
REPAND (nat. hist.) repandus = bent backwards, f. re- + pandus
A398 undulating, wavy = bent
RESEDA genus of plants resda, f. imper. of resdre = assuage, allay,
including with ref. to the plants supposed curative
A400 mignonette powers
REVOLVE intr. revolvere, f. re- + volvere = roll, turn

A403
RICTUS (techn.) throat, L. = open mouth, f. ppl. stem of ring = gape
A404 orifice, gape
RISIBLE pert. to laughter; risibilis, f. rs, pp. stem of rdre = laugh
A406 laughable
ROMANIC Romance, Rmnicus, f. Rmnus = Roman
A407 Romance-speaking
ROSACEOUS resembling the rosceus, f. rosa = rose
A408 roses
ROSTRUM platform, stage, rstrum = beak, snout, etc. f. rdere = gnaw
A408 pulpit
ROTUND round, rounded rotundus, f. rotre = rotate
A408
RUFOUS reddish rfus, rel. to ruber = red
A410
RUGOSE wrinkled rgsus, f. rga = wrinkle
A410
RUNCINATE irregularly saw- runcintus, f. runcina = joiners plane
A410 toothed

S
SALIENT prominent salins, -ent-, prp. of salre = leap
A414
SALVO expedient for salv, abl. of n. of salvus = uninjured, intact,
saving ones safe, occuring as the first word of law phr.
reputation or such as salvo jure = without prejudice to the
soothing ones right of
A415 conscience, etc.
SANE healthy in body snus
A416
SAPONACEOUS soapy spnceus, f. sp, -n- = soap
A417
SARCOPHAGUS stone coffin L. Gr. sarkophgos, sb. use of adj. f. srx,
A417 sark- = flesh + -phgos = -eating
SARMENTOSE (bot.) producing sarmentsus, f. sarmentum = twigs lopped
slender prostrate off, brush-wood, f. sarpere = prune, lop
branches or
A417 runners
SATURATE soak thoroughly f. pp. stem of saturre, f. satur = full,
A418 satiated
SCALENE (of a triangle) scalnus Gr. skalns = uneven, unequal,
having three scalene, rel. to skolis = oblique, crooked,
A419 unequal sides sklos = leg
SCALPEL small light knife scalpellum, -us, dim. of scalper, scalprum =
for surgical cutting tool, chisel, knife, f. base of scalpere
 A420 , B439 operations = scratch, carve
SCAN look at searchingly scandere = climb, measure

A420
SCAPHOID boat-shaped scaphods Gr. skaphoeids, f. skphos =
A420 boat
SCENE stormy encounter scna, scna = stage, scene Gr. skn =
A421 tent, stage, scene, rel. to ski = shadow
SCHOLASTIC characteristic of scholasticus Gr. skholastiks = studious,
the schools, learned, sb. scholar, f. skholzein = be at
pedantic leisure, devote ones leisure to learning, f.
A421 skhlol = leisure
SEBACEOUS greasy, oily sbceus, f. sbum = tallow
A426
SECEDE withdraw from an scdere, f. se- + cdere = go, cede
A426 association
SECRETE 1 produce by f. scrt-, pp. ste of scernere = separate
A426 secretion
SECRETE 2 hide out of sight alt. after scrtus = secret, of secret
A426
SEMEN seed of male smen, f. base of serere = sow
animals
A428
SENSATION condition of sensati, -n-, f. snsus = sense
A429 excited feeling
SEPTUM (anat., bot., zool.) sptum, sptum, f. spre, spre = enclose,
dividing wall or f. spes, spes = hedge
A429 patition
SERPULA marine annelid use of serpula, dim. f. serpere = creep
which inhabits a
tortuous
A430 calcareous tube
SERVAL lynx; bush cat L., F. serval Pg., f. L. cervo cervus = deer
A430
SESSILE (path.) adhering sessilis, f. sess-, pp. stem of sedre = sit
close to the
surface; (nat. hist.)
immediately
attached to the
A431 base
SIGLA characters used as sigla, perh. for singula, n. pl. of singulus =
A438 abbreviations single
SILIQUA (bot.) pod of seeds siliqua = pod
of the mustard
A439 family
SOMNAMBULISM f. somnus = sleep + ambulre = walk
A449
SPADIX (bot.) L. spdx Gr. spdx = palm-branch
inflorescence
consisting of a
 A451 thick fleshy spike
SPARSE widely spaced or sparsus, pp. of spargere = scatter
distributed
A452
SPATHE (bot.) large spatha Gr. spth = blade, paddle
sheathing leaf
enveloping
A452 inflorescence
SQUARROSE having scales, etc. squarrsus = scurfy, scabby
standing out at
A456 right angles
STAMINA congenital vital stmina, pl. of stmen = warp, thread of
capacities warp, stamen, corr. to Gr. stmn = warp,
A458 stema = part of a plant
STANNIC containing tin stannum = tin, properly stagnum = alloy of
A459 silver and tin
STERCORACEOUS pert. to dung f. stercus, stercor- = dung
A461
STIGMA mark of disgrace, L. Gr. stgma, -mat- = mark made by a
(pl. stigmata) pointed instrument, brand, f. stig-, as in
mark(s) stzein = prick
corresponding to
those on the body
of the crucified
A462 Christ
STIMULANT adj. prp. of stimulre, f. stimulus = goad, spur,
A463 incentive
STIPULATE make a demand for f. pp. stem of stipulr
A463
STOLON (bot.) prostrate stol, -n- = shoot, sucker
branch that takes
A464 root at the tip
STRAP razor strop var. of strappus, stroppus
A465
STRIGOSE (nat. hist.) covered strigsus, f. striga = furrow, row of stiff hairs
A466 with stiff hairs
STROBILUS fir-cone L. Gr. strblos = anything twisted
A467
STROP strip of leather, struppus, stroppus
etc., for
A467 sharpening a razor
STRUTHIOUS pert. to an ostrich f. strthi- Gr. strouthon, f. strouthos =
A467 sparrow, ostrich
STULTIFY (leg.) prove of stultificre, f. stultus = foolish
A468unsound mind
STYLUS writing erron. sp. of stilus (Gr. stulos = column)
instrument;
gnomon of a
A468 sundial
SUBAUDITION mentally subaudti, -n-, f. subaudre = supply
 A469 supplying or mentally, f. sub- + audre = hear
understanding
SUBFUSC of dusky or subfuscus, var. of suffuscus, f. sub- + fuscus
A469 sombre hue = dark
SUBULATE (nat. hist.) awl- sbula = awl
shaped; slender
A470 and tapering
SUFFIX element attached suffxum, n. pp. of suffgere, f. suf- = sub- +
to the end of a fgere = fix
A471 word
SUICIDE one who takes his sucda, f. su = of oneself + -cda = -killer, f.
A471 own life cdere = cut down, kill
SULCATE grooved sulctus, pp. of sulcre = plough, f. sulcus =
A471 groove, furrow
SUMMARY done without summrius, f. summa = sum
delay, (leg.)
carried out without
A473 certain formalities
SURD (phon.) voiceless surdus, rendering Gr. logos = speechless,
A473 irational, absurd
SUSCEPTIBLE subject to susceptibilis, f. suscept-, pp. stem of
A475 impression suscipere, f. sub- + capere = take
SYMPOSIUM drinking party, symposium Gr. sumpsion, f. sumpts =
convivial meeting fellow-drinker, f. sym- + pot-
for conversation,
etc.; meeting for
A478 discussian
SYNTHESIS formation of a L. Gr. snthesis, f. suntithnai, f. syn- +
compound by tithnai = place, put
combining its
A479 elements
SYPHILIS Syphilis, title of a poem in full Syphilis sive
Morbus Gallicus = Syphilis or the French
disease, 1530, by Girolamo Fracastoro,
physician, astronomer, and poet, of Verona,
the poem is the story of a shepherd Syphilus,
A479 represented as the first sufferer

T
TACT faculty of mental tactus = touch, f. tag-, base of tangere =
perception; sense touch
of propriety,
faculty of doing
the right thing at
A480 , B513 the right time
TAENIA , TENIA tapeworm L. Gr. tain
A480
TALUS (anat.) ankle, L.
A481 astragalus
TARANTULA applied to other L. It. Tarantola, f. Taranto, where it is
spiders (beside the commonly found
large wolf-spider
A482 of S. Europe)
TARAXACUM (drug prepared L. Arab. Pers. = bitter herb
A483 from) dandelion
TEETOTUM top with four sides orig. T totum, formed by prefixing to ttum =
lettered to decide all, the whole, its initial T, which stood on
the spinners luck one of the four sides, the other letters A, D, N
A485 standing for aufer, depone, nihil
TELLURIUM (min.) one of the tells, tellr- = earth
A485 rarer elements
TENTACLE tentre, var. of temptre = feel, try
A486
TERMITE termes, termit- = woodworm, alt. of tarmes =
A487 woodworm
TERRA L. = earth (as in terracotta)
A487
TERSE neatly concise tersus, pp. of tergre = wipe
A487
TEUTON member of a Teuton, Teutons (pl.), f. IE. base meaning
people of people, country, land
unknown race
reckoned among
the peoples of
A488 Germania
THALAMUS (anat.) part of the L. Gr. thlamos = inner chamber
brain at which a
nerve originates;
receptable of a
A488 flower
THAUMATURGE wonder-worker thaumaturgus Gr. thaumatourgs, f.
thauma, thaumat- = wonder + -ergos =
A489 working
THRIPS minute insect L. Gr. thrps, pl. thripes = wood-worm
A492 infecting plants
THYRSUS , PL . (Gr. and Rom. L. Gr. thrsos = stalk of a plant
THYRSI antiq.) staff or
spear tipped with a
pine-cone
ornament; (bot.)
form of
A493 inflorescence
TIARA ladys ornamental tira Gr. tira, tiras, partly through It.
A493 headband tiara
TIBIA larger of the two tbia = shin-bone, flute
bones of the lower
A493 leg
TINT (slight or delicate) tinctus = dyeing, f. pp. stem of tingere = dye,
A495 hue tinge
TRANSPIRE come to be known, transpirre, f. trans- + spirre = breathe
A502 , B482 leak out
TRIFID divided into three trifidus, f. tri- + fid-, base of findere = split
A504
TRITON genus of marine (Gr. and Rom. myth.) sea-god, son of
gasteropods; (Gr. Poseidon and Amphitrite - Trtn Gr.
and Rom. myth.) Trtn
sea-god, son of
Poseidon and
A505 Amphitrite
TRIVIAL of small account; trivilis, f. tri- + via = way
A506 (nat. hist.) specific
TROPAEOLUM S. Amer. genus of f. tropum = trophy; so called from the
herbs resemblance of the leaf to a shield and of the
A506 flower to a helmet
TURGID of inflated style turgidus, f. turgre = swell
A509
TYPHUS infectious fever tphus Gr. tuphos = smoke, vapour, stupor,
A511 f. tphein = smoke

U
ULTERIOR locally more ulterior = further, more distant, compar. of
A512
remote ulter
ULTRAMONTANE pert. to the ultrmontnus, f. ultra- + montnus
R.C.Ch. beyond
(i.e. south of) the
Alps, (and hence)
the Italian party
favouring such
A512 views
UMBO boss of a shield; umb = boss of shield
round or conical
A513 projection
UNCIAL (paleogr.) after uncilis, f. uncia = inch, ounce
unciales litter,
having the large
rounded forms
characteristic of
early Gr. and L.
A513 manuscripts
UNCIFORM hook-shaped uncus = hook
A513
UNIT quantity serving as nus = one, prob. after digit
a standard of
A515 measurement
URCEOLATE pitcher-shaped f. urceolus, dim. of urceus = pitcher
A517

V
VACATE withdraw from f. pp. stem of vacre = be empty or
 A519 unoccupied
VACCINE in v. disease = vaccnus, as used in modL. variol vaccin
cowpox, v. matter = cowpox, virus vaccinus = virus of cowpox
or virus v., v. used in vaccination, f. vacca = cow
inoculation =
A519 vaccination
VAGARY fantastic notion vagr = wander
A519
VAGINA sheath, theca vgna = sheath, scabbard
A519
VALETUDINARY sb. valtdinrius = in ill health, f. valtd,
-din- = state of health, f. valre = be strong
A519 or well
VAPID flat, insipid (of vapidus, rel. to vappa = flat or sour wine
A520 talk)
VARICOSE (of a vein) affected varicsus, f. varix, -ic- = dilated vein
A520 with a varix
VARIOLA (med.) smallpox variola = pustule, pock, f. varius = speckled,
A520 variegated, various
VARIORUM edition of a work g. pl. m. of varius = various; in phr. editio
containing the cum notis variorum = edition with the notes
observations of of various (editors)
various
A520 commentators
VECTOR (astron.) for vector = carrier, traveller, rider, f. vect-, pp.
radius v. = stem of vehere = carry
variable line
drawn to a curve
A521 form a fixed point
VELAR (archit.) vlris, f. vlum = curtain
A522 resembling a sail
VELUM (anat.) soft palate v. pendulum = veil of the palate; vlum =
A522 curtain, sail, veil
VENAL mercenary vnlis, f. vnum, obl. cases of vnus = that
A522 is for sale
VENTILATE winnow; f. pp. stem of ventilre = brandish, fan,
increase (flame), winnow, agitate, discuss, air a subject, f.
set (air) in motion; ventus = wind
blow upon; supply
A523 with fresh air
VENUS (member of) genus Venus (goddess of the ancient Romans) =
A523 of bivalve venus, vener- = love
molluscs
VERACIOUS conforming to the f. vrx, vrc-, f. vrus = true
A523 truth
VERMICULAR pert. to a worm or vermiculris, f. vermiculus, dim. of vermis =
A524 worms, vermiform worm
VERSICOLOURED of changing colour f. versicolor, f. versus, pp. of vertere = turn +
A524 color = colour
VESTIBULE (anat., zool.) vestibulum
 A525 , B568
VETERINARY pert. to the veternrius, f. veternus = pert. to cattle
treatment of cattle (vetern fem. pl., veterna n. pl. = cattle),
and domestic perh. f. vetus, veter- = old
A525 animals
VETO act of a competent vet = I forbid (1st pers. sg. pres. ind. of
person or body of vetere)
preventing
A525 legislation
VEXILLUM banner; (bot.) large vexillum = banner, f. base of vehere = carry
external petal of a
papilionaceous
A525 flower
VIA by way of vi, abl. of via = via
A525
VIBURNUM shrub of genus L. = wayfaring-tree
Viburnum, e.g.
A525 guelder rose
VICE in place of abl. of vix, extant only in obl. forms vicis,
A525 vicem, vice, vics, vicibus
VICENNIAL (Sc. law) f. vcennium, f. vcies = 20 times
extending to 20
A526 years
VILLA residence in the vlla = country house, farm (partly It. villa)
suburbs of a town
or in a residential
A526 district
VINCULUM (math.) straight f. vincre = bind
line drawn over
A527 two or more terms
VIRUS (path.) poison of a vrus, rel. to OIr., Gr., Skr.
A528 disease
VISCUS soft internal organ L.
A528 of the body
VISUAL pert. to the object vsulis, f. vsus = sight, f. vs
A528 of sight
VITELLUS (biol.) yolk of egg L.
A528
VIVISECTION f. vvi-, comb. form of vvus = alive +
A528 section, after dissection, f. secre = cut
VOLUNTARY sb. piece of music voluntrius, f. volunts = will, for voluntits
selected by an
organist to be
played e.g. while a
congregation
A529 departs
VOLVA (bot.) membrane L., f. volvere = roll, wrap
A529 covering fungi
VOMER (anat., etc.) applied L. = ploughshare
A529 to various bones
VORTEX violent eddy vortex = eddy, whirlpool, whirlwind, var. of
A529 vertex = vertex
VOX in v. angelica, v. vx, vc- = voice
humana = angelic,
human voice,
organ stops
imitative of vocal
A530 sounds

W
---

X
---

Y
---

Z
ZINNIA plant of the genus f. name of J.G. Zinn, German botanish
A551 Zinnia
 11. The Nineteenth Century
A
ABDUCT f. abduct-, pp. stem of abdcere, f. ab- +
A1 dcere = lead, carry
ABNORMAL refash. after abnormous or its source
abnormlis, f. ab- + normlis, f. norma = a
A2 carpenters square, rule, pattern
ABORIGINE aborgins = pl. the first inhabitants of
Latium and Italy; usu. expl. as f. ab orgine =
from the beginning; but perh. a proper name
A2 alt. by pop. etym.
ACNE acn, deduced from a misreading akns for
akms, acc. pl. of Gr. akm = eruption on the
A4 face
ACTUARY who compiles cturius = shorthand writer, keeper of
statistics of accounts, f. ctus = doing
A4 mortaility etc.
AD LIB . abbrev. of ad ad = according to, libitum = pleasure
A5 libitum
AEGROTAT certificate of 3rd pers. sing. pres. indic. of grtre = be
A7 illness sick, f. ger, gr- = sick
AGENDA items of business pl. of agendum, sb. use of n. gerundive of
to be considered agere = do
A8
AGORAPHOBIA morbid dread of L., irreg. f. Gr. agor = (place of) assembly,
A9 public places market-place
ALKALI (chem.) hydroxide L. Arab. al-kily = calcined ashes, f. kal =
of sodium, fry
A11 potassium, etc.
ALMA MATER L. = bounteous mother
A12
ALUMINIUM almen, almin- = alum
A12
AMNESIA L. Gr. amns
A14
AMOEBA (zool.) L. Gr. amoib = change
miscroscopic
animalcule of the
class Protozoa, the
shape of which is
perpetually
A14 changing
ANACRUSIS (pros.) unstressed L. Gr. ankrousis
syllable at the
A15 beginning of a line
ANAEMIA morbid lack of L. Gr. anaim, f. an- + haima = blood
A15 blood
ANAESTHESIA loss of feeling or L. Gr. anaisths, f. an- + asthsis =
A15 sensation sensation
ANIMUS hostile spirit animus = spirit
A17
ANSERINE goose-like ansernus, f. anser = goose
A17
ANTE (in poker) stake ante = before
put up by the
player before
A17 drawing new cards
ANTHRAX disease of sheep L. Gr. nthrax = coal, carbuncle
A18 and cattle
APHASIA (med.) loss of L. Gr. aphas, f. a- + phnai = speak
A19 speech
APPLICABLE pertinent applicre, f. ap- + plicre = fold
A20
APPROXIMATE nearly exact approximtus, pp. of approximre, f. ap- +
A20 proximus = nearest
APSE arched or domed apsis, apsid- Gr. hapss = vault
A21 recess in a church
APTERYX kiwi L., f. a- + Gr. ptrux = wing
A21
AQUAMARINE aqua marna = sea water, aqua = water,
A21 marna fem. of marnus = marine, sea
AQUARIUM sb. use of n. sg. of aqurius = of water, f.
aqua = water
A21
ARSIS strong syllable L. Gr. rsis = lifting, raising, f. arein =
A23 raise
ARTEFACT , f. arte, abl. sg. of ars, art-, f. base ar- = put
ARTIFACT together, join, fit + factum, n.pp. of facere =
make, do
A23
ASPIDISTRA L., f. Gr. asps, aspid- = shield
A24
ASSIBILATE make sibilant f. pp. of assbilre
A25
ASTRINGENT sever, austere astringns, -ent-, f. astringere, f. ad- +
A26 , B22 stringere = bind, draw tight
ATRIUM (anat.) chamber of trium
an organ of the
A27 body
ATROPINE alkaloid poison f. atropa = deadly nightshade, fem. f. Gr.
from deadly night- tropos (Inflexible) name of one of the
A27 shade Fates, f. a- + trpos = turn
AURAL auris = ear
A28
AVUNCULAR avunculus = uncle
A29

B
BACILLUS mod. use of dim. of baculum = rod, stick
 A31
BACTERIUM L. Gr. baktrion, dim. of baktr = staff,
A31 cane
BICAMERAL having two bi- + camera = chamber
legislative
A40 chambers
BINOCULAR sb. pl. field or bn = two together + oculus = eye
A41 opera glasses
BOA large S. American L. use of L. boa
A44 snake
BOMBINATE make a buzzing f. pp. stem of bombinre, also bombilre
A45 noise
BOTULISM poisoning by a botulus = sausage
bacillus found in
infected sausages,
A47 etc.
BOVINE bovnus, f. bs, bov- = ox
A47
BUCCAL pert. to the bucca = cheek, mouth
A52 cheek(s)
BUTYRIC butyric acid, found btrum = butter
A56 in rancid butter

C
CAESIUM (chem.) metallic n. of csius = bluish-grey
A58 element
CALCIUM calc- , f. calx = lime(stone) Gr. khlix =
A58 pebble, limestone
CAMPANOLOGY bell-ringing campnologia, f. campna = bell
A60
CANDELABRUM candla = candle
A60
CASEIN protein constituent f. caseus = cheese
A64 of milk
CASTELLATED furnished with f. castelltus, f. castellum = castle
A65 castles
CATALYSIS chemical action L. Gr. katlusis, f. katalein = dissolve, f.
brought about by a cata- + lein = loosen
substance that
remains
A65 unchanged
CATAPULT (mil.) shooting catapulta Gr. kataplts, f. cata- + pel-,
instrument var. base of pallein = hurl
consisting of a
forked stick with
A66 , B76 elastic band
CEREAL cerelis = pert. to the cultivation of grain, f.
A68 Cers = goddess of agriculture
CEREBRAL cerebrum
A68
CERIUM (chem.) metallic named after the asteroid Ceres
A69 element
CHARTIST (hist.) one of the f. charta = charter
Eng. political
reformers who
upheld the
Peoples Charter
A71 of 1837
CHIASMUS figure of speech in L. Gr. khiasms = crossing, diagonal
which the order of arrangement, f. khizein = mark with letter X
parallel words in (kh)
A73 phrases is inverted
CHOREA convulsive short for chorea sancti Viti = St. Vituss
disorder of the dance; chora Gr. khore, f. khors =
A75 body chorus
CHORIC pert. to a chorus choricus Gr. khoriks, f. khors = chorus
A75
CICADA insect cicda, also cicla
A76
CIRRHOSIS (path.) disease of L. f. Gr. kirrhs = orange-tawny
the liver occurring
in spirit-drinkers,
orig. so called
from the presence
A77 of yellow granules
CIRRUS form of cloud L. = curl
having the
appearance of
A77 wisps
CLAUSTROPHOBI f. claustro- - taken as comb. form of
A claustrum = cloister + phobia Gr. phob =
horror, fear
A79
CLINIC private or clnicus Gr. klniks, f. kln = bed
specialized
A80 hospital
CLOACA (anat.) excretory cloca, cluca, rel. to cluere = cleanse
A80 canal
CLYPEUS (ent.) shield- clipeus, clupeus = shield
shaped part of the
A81 head of insects
COCCUS (bot., med.) (pl.) L. Gr. kkkos = berry, seed
cocci carpel of a
dried fruit;
rounded form of
A82 bacterium
COGNOMEN third name of a f. co- + gnmen = name
Roman citizen;
distinguishing
A83 epithet; (sur)name
COLLABORATE f. pp. stem of collabrre, f. col- + labor =
A84 labour
COMITY friendly cmits, f. cmis = courteous
A86 undestanding
COMMISURE (physiol.) bundles commissra, f. commiss-, pp. stem of
A86 of nerve-substance committere = put together
COMPLICATE make complex f. pp. stem of complicre, f. com- + plicre =
A88 fold
CONATION (philos.) faculty of cnti, -n-, f. cnr, -t- = endeavour
A89 volition
CONCRETE composition of concrtus, pp. of concrscere = grow
sand or gravel and together, f. con- + crscere = grow
A90 cement
CONDONE condnre = refrain from punishment as a
A90 favour, f. con- + dnre = give
CONFISCATE seize summarily confiscre, -t-, f. con- + fiscus = chest,
A91 treasury
CONFLATION fusion of textural confti, -n- = fanning, fusion, f. conflre =
A91 readings kindle, effect, fuse
CONGLOMERATE (geol.) formed of conglomertus, pp. of conglomerre, f. con-
fragments + glomus, glomer- = ball
A92 cemented together
CONIFER cnifer, f. cnus = cone
A92
CONSCRIPT enrolled by conscriptus, pp. of conscrbere = enrol, f.
compulsory con- + scrbere = write
A93 enlistment
CONSENSUS general agreement f. consns-, pp. stem of consentre = consent
A93
CONSPECTUS f. conspect-, pp. stem of conspicere = look
A93 attentively, f. con- + specere = look
CONSTITUENT having the power constituns, -ent-, prp. of constituere =
to frame a establish, appoint, f. con- + statuere = set up
A94 constitution
CONSTRICTION constricted part constricti, -n-, f. constrict-, pp. stem of
A94 constringere = bind tightly together
CONTANGO percentable which 1st. pers. sing. in -, poss. with the notion I
a buyer of stock make contingent
pays to the seller
to postpone
A94 transfer
CONVECTION convecti, -n-, f. convect-, pp. stem of
A96 convehere, f. con- + vehere = carry
CO- ORDINATE (math.) each of f. co- + ordintus, pp. of ordinre = arrange,
two or more ordain
magnitudes used
to define a
A97 position
CORRIGENDUM , L., sb. use of n. of gerundive of corrigere =
PL . CORRIGENDA correct
 A99
CORRUGATED of iron, etc. f. pp. of corrgre, f. cor- + rgre, f. rga
A99 (wrinkled) = wrinkle
COWL hood-shaped top cuculla, f. cucullus = hood of a cloak
A101 of a chimney
CRATER hole made in the crtr = bowl, basin, aperture of a volcano
ground by an Gr. krtr = bowl, lit. mixing-vessel
A103 explosion
CREMATE f. stem of cremre or back-formation from
A104 cremation
CRUCIFER cruciferoous plant f. crux, cruc- = cross
A106
CRUX , PL. difficulty the L. = cross; short for crux interpretum, crux
CRUXES , - CES solution of which philosophorum = torment of interpreters, of
A106perplexes philosophers
CUBICLE one of a series of cubiculum, f. cubre = recline, lie in bed
A107 sleeping-rooms
CURIA Papal Court cria = division of the Roman people, its
A108 place of assembly, senate
CURT so brief as to be curtus = cut short
A109 lacking in courtesy

D
DEBENTURE bond issued by a dbentur = are owing or due, 3rd pl. pres.
corporation ind. pass. of dbre = owe
acknowledging
indebtedness for
A114 interest
DECORATE invest with an f. decorate pp. or its source decortus, -re =
honour beautify, f. decus, decor-, rel. to decns,
A115 decent-, pp. of decre = be fitting
DEFALCATE commit f. pp. stem of dfalcre, f. de- + falx, falc-=
A116 defalcation sickle, scythe
DEFECATE void the faeces dfctus, -re, f. de- + fx, fces = dregs
A116
DEMIURGE creator of the dmirgus Gr. dmiourgs =
world (in handicraftsman, artisan, etc., f. dmios =
A118 Platonism) public + erg- = work
DENSE stupid dnsus
A119 , B120
DEPLETE empty f. dplt-, pp. stem of dplre, f. de- + plre =
A119 fill
DETRITUS matter produced dtrtus, f. dtr of dterere = wear away, f.
A122 rubbing away de- + terere = rub
DIALYSIS (chem.) separation L Gr. dilusis, f. dialein = part asunder, f.
of the soluble dia- + lein = set free
crystalloid
substances in a
mixture from the
A123 colloid
DIATESSARON four Gospels diatessarn, f. Gr. dia tessrn = through, i.e.
A123 composed of, four (tssares = four)
DILUVIAL (geol.) caused by dluvilis, f. dluvium = flood, deluge
extraordinary
action of water on
A125 a large scale
DIPHTHERIA infectious disease L. F. diphthrie, substituted for earlier
affecting chiefly dphthrite, f. Gr. dphthr, dphthers =
A126 the throat skin, hide, piece of leather
DIRIMENT nullifying dirimns, -ent-, prp. of dirimere = separate,
A126 interrupt, f. dis- + emere = take
DITHYRAMB inflated discourse dthyrambus Gr. dthrambos
A130
DOCENT sb. teacher in a docns, -ent-, prp. of docre = teach
college or
A131 university
DUOLOGUE dramatic piece for f. duo = two or Gr. do = two
A138 two actors

E
EDACIOUS eating, devouring f. edx, edc-, f. edere = eat
A142
EDENTATE of the order of denttus, f. e- + dns, dent- = tooth
Edentata, which
lack incisor and
A142 canine teeth
EFFERENT conducting efferns, -ent-, prp. of effere, f. ef- + ferre =
A142 outwards bear
EFFLUENT sb. effluns, -ent-, prp. of effluere, f. ef- + fluere
A143 = flow
EGO (philos.) conscious the pronoun I
A143 thinking subject
ELATER skipjack beetle; L. Gr. elatr = driver
(bot.) elastic spiral
A143 filament
EMBOLISM plugging of a embolismus Gr. embolisms, f. embllein =
A146 blood-vessel throw in, insert, f. em- + bllein = throw
EMERITUS honourably pp. of merr = earn by service, f. e- +
discharged from merr = deserve
A146 service
EMPHASIS prominence emphasis = use of language to imply more
than is said Gr. mphais = appeareance, f.
A146 em- + phanein = show
ENCRINITE (geol.) fossil f. encrinus, f. en- + Gr. krinon = lily
A148 crinoid
ENCYCLICAL sb. encyclicus, f. Gr. egkklios = circular,
A148 general, f. en- + kklos = circle
ENDORSE confirm, indorsre, f. in- + dorsum = back
A148 countenance
EUCALYPTUS intended to denote well-covered ( f. eu- +
 Gr. kalupts = covered, f. kalptein = cover,
conceal), the flower before it opens being
A157 protected by a cap
EUCHARIS S. Amer. plant L. Gr. ekharis = pleasing, f. eu- + khris =
with bell-shaped grace
flowers used for
A157 bouquets, etc.
EXPECTORATE spit f. pp. stem of expectorre, f. ex- + pectus,
A161 pector- = breast
EXPONENT expounder, expnns, -ent-, prp. of expnere = expound
A161 interpreter
EXSERT (biol.) thrust out or f. exsert-, pp. stem of exserere = put forth,, f.
A162 forth ex- + serere = bind, entwine, join

F
FACTITIVE factitvus, f. fact-, pp. stem of facere = do
A164
FALCATE (nat.hist.) sickle- falctus, f. falx, falc- = sickle
A165 shaped
FALDSTOOL armless chair used faldistolium WGmc. faldistl = late OE.
by prelates, etc. fldestl, fyld(e)stl, f. Gmc. falban = fold +
A165 stlaz = stool
FIDEISM doctrine that fds = faith
knowledge
A170 depends upon faith
FLAVINE (chem.) yellow flvus = yellow
A174 dye-stuff
FLOCCULENT like tufts of wool floccus = flock
A175
FLORUIT period of 3rd sg. pt. indic. of flrre = flourish
A175
flourishing
FOLIATION consecutive folio
A177 number of folios
FRAMBOESIA yaws, characteried L. f. OF. framboise = raspberry + -ia
by raspberry-like
A181 excrescences
FREESIA L. f. the name of Friedrich H.T. Freese,
A182 German physician
FRICATIVE fricatvus, f. fricre = rub
A183
FRITILLARY spotted butterfly fritillria, f. fritillus = dice-box, presumably
A183 applied ot the chessboard
FUNICULAR depending on a fniculus, dim. of fnis = rope
A185 rope or its tension
FURCATE forked furctus, f. furca = fork
A185

G
GALLIAMBIC kind of lyric metre f. galliambus = song of the Gall or priests of
A188 Cybele
GALLIUM (chem.) metallic said to be f. gallus = cock, tr. the name of its
A188element discoverer, Lecoq de Boisbaudran
GELIGNITE variety of gelatin perh. f. gel(atin) + ignis = fire
A191 dynamite
GLAGOLITIC early Slavonic glagoliticus, f. Serbo-Croation glagolica, f.
A194 alphabet glagol = word
GLOXINIA named after B.P. Gloxin, German botanish,
A196 who described the plant in 1785
GRADATION ablaut gradti, -n-, f. gradus = step
A198
GRALLATORIAL (ornithology) f. gralltrius, f. gralltor = walker on stilts,
A199 wading f. grall = stilts
GRAPHIC characterized by graphicus Gr. graphiks, f. graph =
A200 diagrams drawing, writing
GRAVAMEN part of an grvmen = physical inconvenience, f.
accusation that gravre = weigh upon, oppress, f. gravis =
A200 bears most heavily heavy, grave
GREMIAL (eccl.) apron for a gremilis, le, f. gremium = lap, bosom
A201 bishops lap
GURGITATION surging up and gurgitti, -n-, f. gurgitre = engulf, f.
down, ebullient gurges, gurgit- = gulf, abyss
A205 motion
GYNAECEUM (bot.) female L. Gr. gunaikeion, f. gun, gunaik- =
A206 organs woman
GYRATE move in a circle or f. pp. stem grre, f. gus Gr. guros = ring,
A206 spiral circle

H
HALITOSIS f. halitus = breath, exhalation
A208
HIBERNATE spend the winter f. pp. stem of hbernre, f. hberna = winter
quarters, n. pl. of hbernus = pert. to winter,
A216 f. hiems = winter
HIPPO short for L. Gr. hippoptamos, for earlier hppos ho
hippopotamus potmios = the horse of the river (potams =
A217 river)
HOMOEOPATHY system of medical homopathia, G. homoopathie, f. Gr.
practice in which hmoios = like + -ptheia = -pathy
likes are cured by
A219 likes
HOYA genus of climbing f. name of Thomas Hoy, Eng. gardener
A221 plants
HYLIC pert. to matter hlicus Gr. hliks = material, f. hl =
A224 wood, matter
HYRAX genus of rabbit- L. Gr. hrax = shrew-mouse
A224 like quadrupeds
HYSTERIA functional hystericus Gr. husteriks, f. hustr =
disturbance of the womb
nervous system,
which was thought
 to be due to
disturbance of the
A225 uterine functions

I
ICON, IKON representation in cn Gr. eikn = likeness, image
the flat of a sacred
A227 personage
ILLUMINATI applied to several pl. of illmintus, pp. of illminre, f. il- +
sects claiming lmen, lmin- = light
special
A228 enlightenment
IMMUNE secure from immnis = exempt from a service or charge,
A229 contagion etc. f. im- + mnis = ready for service
IMPERATIVE urgent impertvus, f. impert-, pp. stem of
A229 imperre = command
INANE empty-handed innis = empty, vain
A231
INCIPIT beginning or first 3rd pers. sg. pres. ind. of incipere = begin, f.
words of a literary in- + capere = take
A232 work
INCRIMINATE involve in an f. pp. stem of incrminre = accuse, f. in- +
accusation, crmen = charge
A232 inculpate
INCULPATE incriminate f. pp. stem of inculpre, in- + culpre =
A232 blame, censure, f. culpa = blame
INCUNABULA earliest stages or n. pl. = swaddling-clothes, cradle, birthplace,
first beginnings; infancy, origin, f. in- + cnabula, f. cn =
books produced in cradle
the infancy of
printing, i.e.
A232 before 1501
INDOMITABLE not to be indomitbillis, f. in- + domitre , frequent. of
A234 overcome domre = tame
INDUSIUM (bot.) membranous L. = tunic, f. induere = put on
shield of the sorus
A234 of a fern
INFLECT modulate the tone inflectere, f. in- + flectere = bend
A235 of
INFRA DIG . abbrev. of infr dignittem = beneath (ones)
A235 dignity
INSTALL to place in position installre, f. in- + stallum = stall
A237
INSTITUTE society to promote instittum = design, ordinance, precept, sb.
an object; building use of n. of pp. of instituere = establish,
A238 used for this ordain, teach, f. in- + statuere = set up
INTERPELLATION interruption of the interpellti, -n-, f. interpellre = interupt
order of the day in by speaking, f. inter- + -pellre = thrust or
the French direct oneself
A240 Chamber
INTINCTION (eccl.) dipping of intincti, -n-, f. intingere, f. in- + tingere =
the bread in the dye, tinge
wine at the
A240 Eucharist
INVERTEBRA (sb. pl.) animals L. after F. invertbrs, f. in- + F. vertebre, L.
having no back- vertebra
A241 bone
ISAGOGIC introductory saggicus Gr. eisaggiks, f. eisagg =
introduction, f. eisgein = introduce, f. eis =
A242 into + gein = lead
ISATIN (chem.) crystalline isatis = woad
substance obtained
A242 from indigo
ITEM detail of news L. = just so, in like manner, moreover, f. ita
A244 = so, based on the pronominal stem i-

J
JAPONICA fem. of Japonicus = Japanese
A245
JOHANNINE pert. to the apostle Ihanns = John
and evangelist
A248 John
JUSSIVE (gram.) expressing f. iuss-, pp. stem of iubre = command
A250 command

K
---

L
LACERTIAN pert. to the lizards lacerta = lizard
A256
LACUSTRINE pert. to a lake lacus = lake
A256
LANIARY (of teeth) adapted lanirius, f. lanire = tear with the nails, etc.
A258 for tearing
LANTHANUM (chem.) rare L. f. Gr. lanthnein = escape the notice of
metallic element (from its having remained undetected in
A258 cerium oxide)
LATERITE (min.) red porous f. later = brick
A259 ferruginous rock
LAVABO (eccl.) ritual 1st pers. sg. fut. ind. of lavre = wash, lave
washing of the
A260 celebrants hands
LEONID (astron.) one of a le, -n- = lion
group of meteors
which appear to
A263 radiate from Leo
LESBIAN pert. to f. Lesbius, f. Lesbos, birthplace of the poetess
homosexuality in Sappho
A264 women; also sb.
LIGN -ALOES aromatic wood of lignum alos = wood of the aloe
A266 a Mexican tree
LIMEN (psych.) limit lmen, lmin- = threshold
below which a
stimulus ceases to
A266 be perceptible
LINOLEUM floor-cloth in lnum = flax, line + oleum = oil
which a coating of
A267 lin-seed oil is used
LITHIA lithium oxide alt. of lithion (as if Gr. ltheion, n. of
A268 ltheios = stony, f. lthos = stone)
LITTORAL sb. region along littorlis, var. of ltorlis, f. ltus, ltor- =
A268 the shore shore
LOCOMOTIVE of mechanism locmtvus, f. loc, abl. of locus = place +
mtvus = motive, after scholL. in loc
movr = movr locliter = move by change
A270 of position in space
LOGAOEDIC (pros.) composed logadicus Gr. logaoidiks, f. lgos =
of dactyls speech + aoid = song
combined with
trochees or of
anapaests with
A270 iambs
LORE (nat. hist.) strap- lrum = strap
A271 like part
LORICATE having armour of lrctus, f. lrca = breastplate, f. lrum =
A271 plates or scales strap
. S. D. abbr. of libr = pounds, solid = shillings,
A272 denari = pence
LURID ominous, ghastly lridus, f. lror = wan or yellowish colour
A273

M
MAGMA (geol.) stratum of L. Gr. mgma = thick unguent, f. base
A276 fluid matter mag- of mssein = knead
MAMMAL animal of the class mammlis, f. mamma = mother, teat, breast
mammalia, who
A279 suckle their young
MANTISSA (math.) decimal mantissa, -sa = makeweight
A281 part of a logarithm
MARSUPIAL epithet of marspilis, f. marspium = pouch Gr.
mammals having a marspion, marspion, dim. of mrsipos =
pouch for their purse, bag
A283 young
MASTURBATE f. pp. stem of masturbr, perh. alt. of man
A284 stuprre = defile with the hand
MEDIEVAL medius = mid + vum = age
A287
MEDIUM liquid vehicle medium = middle, midst, sb. use of n. of
A287 medius = mid
MENINGITIS inflammation of f. mninx, mning-, Gr. menigx, pl. mnigges
A289
the meninges
MERCIAN dialect of the Mercia, f. OE. M(i)erce = lit. people of the
Anglo-Saxon march, borderers
A290 kingdom
METICULOUS over-careful about metculsus, f. metus = fear
A295 details
MISCEGENATION mixture of races f. miscre = mix + genus = race
A295
MISSION personal duty or missi, -n-, f. miss- stem of mittere = let go,
A296 vocation send
MOB gang of thieves shortening of mobile vulgus = the excitable
or fickle crowd; movre = move, vulgus =
A297 commonplace
MONAD simple organism, monas, -ad- Gr. mons = unit, f. mnos =
A298 element, etc. alone
MONETARY montarius, f. monta = mint
A298 , B307
MONOPOLY commodity subject monoplium Gr. monoplion, -pl, f.
A299 to this mnos = alone + plein = sell
MONTBRETIA iridaceous plant of f. name of A. F. E. Coquebert de Montbret,
A299 genus Crocosmia French botanist
MORA (pros.) unit of L.
A300 metrical time
MORATORIUM legal authorization sb. use of n. sg. of mortrius, f. pp. stem of
to postpone morr = delay
A300 payment
MORBID unwholesome, morbidus, f. morbus = disease
A300 sickly
MORPHIA narcotic principle morphia, alt. of morphium, f. Morpheus,
of opium Ovids name for the god of dreams, son of
A301 the god of sleep
MOTOR machine supplying mtor = mover, f. mt-, movre = move
A302
motive power
MOTU PROPRIO papal rescript the L. = by ones own motion, abl. of mtus =
terms of which are motion, proprius = proper
decided by the
A302 pope himself
MUSCOLOGY study of mosses muscologia, f. muscus = moss
A305
MYOSOTIS plant of the genus L. Gr. muosts, f. mus, f. of mus = mouse
A306 so named + ous, t- = ear
MYTH mthus mythos, f. Gr. muthos
A307

N
NAEVUS mole on the skin L.
A308
NEGOTIATE (orig. in hunting) f. pp. stem of negtir = carry on business,
succeed in getting f. negtium = business, f. neg- + tium =
 A310 over, etc. leisure
NEMERTEAN , (one) of a class of Nemerts Gr. Nmerts = name of a sea-
-INE flat-worms nymph
A311
NEXUS connected group f. nex-, pp. stem of nectere = bind
A312
NIHILISM negative doctrines f. nihil, short for nihilum, f. n, var. of n +
in religion or hlum = small thing
morals; extreme
revolutionary
principles
involving
destruction of
existing
A313 institutions
NIL nothing contr. of nihil, short for nihilum, f. n, var. of
A313 n + hlum = small thing
NIMBUS rain-cloud nimbus = rain, cloud, aureole
A313
NISI (leg.) attached to nisi = unless
decree, order, rule,
to indicate that
these are not
absolute or final,
but are to be taken
as valid unless
some cause is
A313 shown
NONAGENARIAN 90 years old f. nngnrius, f. nngn, distributive of
A314 nnginta = ninety, f. novem = nine
NONDESCRIPT not easily f. non- + dscriptus, pp. of dscrbere =
A314 described describe
NORM norma = carpenters square, pattern, rule
A315
NOVENA nine days novna, f. novem = nine
A316 devotion
NUMMULITE (geol.) coin- f. nummulus, dim. of nummus = coin
shaped fossil of a
foraminiferous
A316 cephalopod

O
OBVERSE adj. opposite, (of a obversus, pp. of obvertere = turn towards, f.
figure) narrower at ob- + vertere = turn
the base or point
of attachment than
at the apex or top;
A319 counterpart
OCTAD group of eight octas, octad- Gr. okts, f. okt = eight
A320
OCTOROON person having f. oct = eight
A320 negro blood
ODYSSEY long adventurous transf. use of the name of the Homeric poem
journey describing the ten years wandering of
Odysseus Odyssa Gr. Odsseia, f.
A320 Odusses
OESTRUS frenzy L. Gr. oistros
A321
OFFICIOUS (in diplomatic use) officisus, f. officium = office
friendly and
A321 informal
OPERATE (orig. U.S.) cause f. opert-, pp. stem of operr = work, bestow
or direct the labour upon, f. oper- = opus
A323 working of
OPHIDIAN serpent-like f. Ophidia = order of reptiles, f. Gr. phis,
A323 ophid- = serpent
ORCHID Orchide or Orchidace, f. orchid- wringly
assumed stem of orchis Gr. rkhis =
testicle, applied to the plants from the shape
A325 of the tubers in most species
OTIOSE unemployed tisus, f. tium = leisure
A327
OVATION enthusiastic ovti, -n-, f. ovre = celebrate a (lesser)
applause triumph, perh.f. Gr. euoi = exultant cry at the
A328 Bacchanalia
OVINE pert. to sheep ovnus, f. ovis = sheep
A329

P
PACE by leave of abl. of px, = peace, as in pce tu = by your
A330 leave
PAGEANT brilliant spectacle AL. pagina
A331
PALIMPSEST parchment, etc., in palimpsestus Gr. palmpsestos, f. plin =
which the original again + psests, pp. formation on psen = rub
writing has been smooth
erased to make
A331 place for a second
PALLADIUM metal of the so named from the newly discovered asteroid
platinum group Pallas (L- Gr. palldion, f. Palls, -ad- =
A332 epithet of the goddess Athene)
PALLIUM (zool.) mantle of a pallium, rel to palla = long wide outer
A332 mollusc, etc. garment of Roman ladies
PALPEBRAL pert. to the eyelids palpebrlis, f. palpebra = eyelid, rel. to
A332 palpre = touch soothingly
PALUDAL pert. to marshes pals, pald- = marsh
A332
PAPAVERACEOUS of the poppy papver = poppy
A334 family
PAREGORIC sb. for p. elixir = pargoricus Gr. pargoriks =
 camphorated encouraging, soothing, f. pargorein =
tincture of opium console, soothe, f. para- = beside + gor-,
var. of agor- in agoreein = speak in the
assembly
A336
PARIETAL pert. to residence parietlis, f. paris, pariet- = wall, partition
within walls of a wall
A337, B350 college
PARNASSIAN epithet of school f. Parnassus Gr. Parnasss = Parnassus,
A337 of French poetry mountain anciently sacred to the Muses
PASSIM L. = here and there, everywhere, f. passus =
spread abroad, scattered, f. base of pandere =
A339 spread out
PATAGIUM (anat.) fold of skin patagium = gold edging of a tunic Gr.
A340 patageion
PENICILLATE tufted, pencilled f. pnicillum = pencil
A344
PENOLOGY scientific study of pna = penalty
A344 punishment
PERMUTE transpose permtre, f. per- + mtre = change
A347
PERPENDICULAR applied to the third perpendiculris, f. perpendiculum =
style of English plummet, plumb-line, f. per- + pendre =
pointed hang
A347 architecture
PESSIMISM tendency to look pessimus = worst
at the worst aspect
A348 of things
PETUNIA L. f. F. petun = tobacco
A349
PHONETIC pert. to or phnticus Gr. phntiks, f. phnts, ppl.
representing vocal formation on phnein = speak, f. phn =
sounds; science of voice
A350 speech-sounds
PITHECANTHROP ape-man pithcanthrpus, f . Gr. pthkos = ape +
E nthrpos = man
A355
PLANGENT loud-sounding, plangns, -ent-, prp. of plangere = beat,
orig. of waves strike, noisily
breaking on the
A356 shore
PLASMA colourless plasma = mould, image, f. Gr. plssein =
coagulable liquid fashion, form
A356 of blood
PODIUM (zool.) fore or hind L. = elevated place, balcony Gr. pdion,
A359 foot dim. of pos, pod- = foot
POMOLOGY science of fruit- pmologia, f. pmum = fruit, apple
A361 growing
POPPET (naut.) short piece ppa, puppa = girl, doll
A362 of wood
PORTAL (anat.) pert. to the portlis, f. porta = port, door
porta or tranverse
A363 fissure of the liver
PREFIX title prefixed prfxum, sb. use of n. prfxus, pp. of
A367 prfgere = fix in front
PREVIOUS coming too soon prvius, f. pr = pre- + via = way
A369 (orig. U.S.)
PRIMAL principal prmlis, f. prmus = prime
A369
PRIMUS presiding bishop prmus = prime, first
in the Scottish
A370 Episcopal Church
PROCLITIC (gram.) of a procliticus, f. Gr. proklnein = lean forward
monosyllable
closely linked with
the following
word and having
no accent of its
A371 own
PROCONSUL governor of a prconsul, for pr consule = (one acting) for
A371 modern colony the consul
PROLETARIAN wage-earning prltrius = Roman citizen of the lowest
class under the constitution of Servius
Tullius, one who served the state not with his
property but only with his offspring,;
common, low, f. prltus = provided with
A372 offspring, f. prls = offspring
PROSCENIUM in the modern proscnium Gr. prosknion, f. pro- + skn
theatre, space = scene
between curtain
A374 and orchestra
PROTEUS ameoba; genus of L. Gr. Protes
bacteria; genus of
A374 amphibians
PSITTACOSIS contagious disease f. psittacus Gr. psittaks = parrot
of birds, esp.
A376 parrots
PULLULATE swarm f. pp. stem of pullulre = spring forth, grow,
f. pullulus, dim. of pullus = young of an
A377 animal, chick
PUPA chrystalis ppa = girl, doll
A378
PYRETHRUM feverfew L. Gr. prethron = feverfew
A379
PYTHON (zool.) genus of Pthn Gr. Pthn
A380 large snakes

Q
QUADREGENARIA (one) forty years f. quadrgnrius, f. quadrgn, distrib. of
N old quadrgint = forty
 A381
QUANTIC (math.) rational, f. quantus = how great, how much, f. base of
integral qu, quis = who
homogeneous
function of two or
A382 more variables
QUASI seemingly, almost reduced form of quansei, f. qum, acc. sg.
A382 fem. of the base of who, what + sei, s = if
QUATERNARY (geol.) fourth in quaternrius, f. quatern = four together, f.
order quater = four times, f. base of quattuor =
A382 four
QUATERNION (math.) quaterni, -n-, f. quatern = four together,
f. quater = four times, f. base of quattuor =
A382 four
QUINCENTENARY f. quinque = five + centenrius, containing a
hundred, f. centn = hundred each, f.
A384 centum = hundred

R
RABID affected with rabidus, f. rabere = rave, be mad
A386 rabies
RADICAL advocate of radical radiclis, f. rdx, rdc- = root
A386 reform
RADIUM radius = ray
A386
RECENSION critical revision of recnsi, -n-, f. recnsre = reckon, survey,
a text, text so review, revise, f. re- + cnsere = assess,
A392 revised appraise
RECTO right-hand page of rct = on the right side, abl. of rctus =
a book when open, right
A393 front of a leaf
RECUPERATE (intr.) recover f. pp. stem of recuperre, f. re- + cup- (as in
A393 health, etc. occupre = occupy)
REDUPLICATE (gram.) f. pp. stem of reduplicre, f. re- + duplicre
A394 = duplicate
REGELATE freeze again f. re- + pp. stem of gelre = freeze
A395
REGULUS golden-crested dim. of rx, rg- = king
A396 wren
REIFY convert mentally rs = thing
A396 into a thing
REJUVENATE restore to youth f. re- + iuvenis = young
A396
RELEGATE refer for decision f. pp. stem of relgre = send away, refer, f.
A397 re- + lgre = send
REPUDIATE refuse to f. pp. stem of repudire, f. repudium =
acknowledge (a divorce
A399 debt, etc.)
RHADAMANTHIN inflexibly severe f. Rhadamanthus, Gr. Rhadmanthos = one
E of the judges in the lower world
 A403
RHATANY S. Amer. shrub of rhatania Pg. ratanha, Sp. ratania
A403 genus Krameria Quechua rataa
RHEA tree-toed ostrich of arbitrary use of the myth. female name Rhea
A403 S. America Gr. Rh
RHESUS one of the arbitrary use of L. Rhsus Gr. Rhesos,
A403 macaques name of a myth. king of Thrace
RIPARIAN pert. to the banks rprius, f. rpa = bank
A405 of rivers
RODENT gnawing, rdns, -ent-, prp. of rdere = gnaw
belonging to the
A407 Rodentia
ROGUE savage elephant f. rogre = ask, beg
living apart from
A407 the herd
ROTA roster rota = wheel
A408
ROTUND sonorous rotundus, f. rotre = rotate
A408
RUBIDIM element of the rubidus, f. rub- of ruber = red
A409 alkali-metal group
RURITANIA imaginary rs, rr- = country + -tania, of Lusitania, etc.
kingdom of
Central Europe in
Anthony Hopes
novels The
Priosoner of
Zenda and Rupert
of Hentzau; transf.
petty state, esp. as
a scene of court
romance and
intrigue
A411
RUTHENIUM (chem.) metal of f. Ruthenia = Russia
the platinum
group, discovered
1828, being first
observed in
platinum ores in
the Ural
A411 mountains

S
SABBATICAL of an academic sabbaticus Gr. sabbatiks, f. sbbaton
year of absence Heb. = rest
A412 from duty
SALERATUS (U.S.) impure sl rtus = aerated salt
sodium
bicarbonate used
 A414 in baking-powders
SALIENT sb. salient part or salins, -ent-, prp. of salre = leap
A414 angle
SALINE sb. salt lake, etc.; salnum, f. sl = salt
A414 saline purge
SALPIGLOSSIS herbaceous L. f. Gr. slpigx = trumpet + glssa = tongue;
A414 garden-plant so named from its trumpet-shaped corolla
SALTIGRADE (zool.) spider Saltigrad, pl. f. saltus = leap + grad = step
having legs
developed for
A415 leaping
SALVIA genus of plats, salvia = sage
A415 including sage
SANATORIUM establishment for sntrium, f. pp. stem of snre = heal, f.
the treatment of snus = healthy, sane
invalids; room for
A415 the sick
SARTORIAL f. sartor = tailor, f. pp. stem of sarcre =
A417 patch, botch
SCANSORIAL pert. to climbing, f. scansrius, f. scans-, pp. stem of scandere
A420 that climbs = climb
SCARAB gem cut in the scarabus Gr. krabos = stag beetle
A420 form of a beetle
SCARLATINA scarlet fever L. It. scarlattine, fem. of scarlattino, dim.
A421 of scarlatto = scarlet
SCILLA liliaceous plant of L. Gr. sklla
A422 the genus Scilla
SCIURINE pert. to squirrels f. scirus Gr. skouros, f. ski = shadow +
A422 our = tail
SCUTTLE bowl-like vessel scutula or scutella, rel. to scutra = dish,
A425 for coal platter
SCUTUM (nat. hist.) shield- techn. use of sctum = oblong shield
shaped part or
A425 segment
SELACHIAN (pert. to) a shark or f. Selach ( Gr. selkh, pl. of slakhos =
A428 allied fishes shark) or Selachi
SEMITE Hebrew, Arab, Smta, f. Sm Gr. Sm = Shem
Assyrian, or
Aramaean,
regarded as a
descendant of
A428 Shem
SEPAL (bot.) division of sepalum, f. separate + petal
A429 the calyx
SEPS skink of the genus sps Gr. sps, base of spein = rot
A429 Chalcides
SEPSIS putrefaction L. Gr. sepsis, f. spein = rot, putrefy
A429
SEPTENARIUS (pros.) line of 7 L., f. septn, distributive of septem = seven
A429 feet or stresses
SEQUOIA (tree of a) genus of L., f. Sequoiah, name of a Cherokee Indian
large American who invented a syllabary for his native
A430 conifers language
SESSILE sedentary sessilis, f. sess-, pp. stem of sedre = sit
A431
SILICA silicon dioxide f. silex, silic- = flint
A439
SMEGMA (physiol.) L. Gr. smegma, f. base of smkhein = rub,
sebaceous cleanse
A445 secretion
SOLIPSISM (philos.) theory slus = sole + ipse = self
that the self is the
only object of
A448 knowledge
SONANT (phon.) voiced sonns, -ant-, prp. of sonre = sound
A449
SORGHUM Chinese sugar L. It. sorgo, perh. Rom. syricum
cane; genus of
A450 grasses
SPATIAL spatium = space
A452
SPINIFEX coarse grass of the spnifex, f. spna = spine + -fex = maker, f.
Australian deserts, base of facere = make
having spiny
A454 leaves
SPIRANT (philol.) sprns, -ant-, prp. of sprre = breathe
A454
SPIROMETER instrument for sprre = breathe + ometer (o- + meter)
measuring
A454 breathing-power
SQUALOID shark-like squalus = sea-fish, used in zool. for the shark
A456
STAMINA vigour of bodily stmina, pl. of stmen = warp, thread of
constitution; warp, stamen, corr. to Gr. stmn = warp,
intellectual or stema = part of a plant
A458 moral robustness
STERTOROUS pert. to snoring stertere = snore
A462
STET direction to the 3rd pers. sg. pres. subj. of stre = stand = let
printer to restore it stand
A462 deleted matter
STIMULANT sb. prp. of stimulre, f. stimulus = goad, spur,
A463 incentive
STRINGENT rigorously binding stringent-, prp. stem of stringere = bind
A466
STROBILUS formation L. Gr. strblos = anything twisted
resembling a fir-
A467 cone
STROMA (anat., etc.) strma = mattress Gr. stroma
framework of an
A467 organ or cell
STRUMA swelling at base of strma = scrofulous tumour
A467 petiole
STULTIFY reduce to absurdity stultificre, f. stultus = foolish
A468
SUBEROSE (bot.) cork-like sber = cork
A469
SUBSUME bring (one idea) subsmere, f. sub- + smere = take
A470 under another
SUFFIX (math.) inferior suffxum, n. pp. of sugggere, f. suf- = sub- +
A471 index fgere = fix
SYNCHRONIC f. synchronus Gr. sgkhronos, f. syn- +
A478 khrnos = time
SYNIZESIS (gram., pros.) synizsis Gr. sunzsis, f. suniznein = sink
coalescence of two down, f. syn- + hiznein = sit
adjacent vowels
without forming a
recognized
A479 diphthong
SYRINX organ of voice in L. Gr. surigx = pipe, tube, channel
A479 birds
SYZYGY applied to various szygia Gr. suzug = yoke, pair,
unions or conjunction, f. szugos = yoked, paired, f. sy-
A479 combinations + zug- = yoke

T
TANDEM two-wheeled tandem = at length
vehicle drawn by
two horses
harnessed one in
front of the other;
the horses
themselves,
bicycle, etc. with
seats one behind
A482 another
TANTALUM (min.) a rare metal Tantalus (name of a mythical king of
Phrygia condemned to stand in Tartarus up
to his chin in water which receded as he
stooped to drink) partly with allusion to its
A482 non-absorbent quality
TANTALUS genus of storks; Tantalus name of a mythical king of Phrygia
spirit stand condemned to stand in Tartarus up to his
containing chin in water which receded as he stooped to
decanters locked drink)
A482 up but visible
TAPER long wick coated OE. tapor, -er, -ur L. papyrus
wiht wax for use as
A482 a spill
TEMPER frame of mind; f. temperre = mingle, restrain oneself
 (outburst of) ill
A485 humour
TENSE highly strung tensus, pp. of tendere = stretch, tend
A486
THALLIUM (chem.) metallic f. thallus = green shoot Gr. thalls
A488 element
THESAURUS treasury, spec. of thsaurus = treasure Gr. thsaurs
A490 knowledge
THESIS , PL . accented or thesis Gr. thsis = placing, setting, f. the-,
THESES stressed element base of tithnai = place
A490
THEURGY divine agency in thergia Gr. theourg, f. thes = god +
A490 human affairs -ergos = working
TINNITUS (path.) ringing in tinntus, f. tinnre = ring, tinkle
A494 the ears
TITAN (gen.) giant Ttan, -n-, elder brother of Kronos Gr.
A495 Ttn, pl. Ttanes
TORPEDO case charged with torpd, f. torpre = be stiff or numb
gunpowder to
explode under
water, self-
propelled
A498 submarine missile
TORTICOLLIS (path.) wry-neck f. tortus, pp. of torqure = twist, wring +
A499 collum = neck
TOXIC due to poisoning toxicus, f. toxicum = poison Gr. toxikn
(phrmakon) = (poison) by smearing arrows,
A500 f. txon = bow
TRAGOPAN pheasant of the L. Gr. tragpn, f. trgos = goat + Pn =
genus Tragopan, Pan
having fleshy
A500 horns
TRANSFER convey (a design) transferre, f. trans- + ferre = bear
from one surface to
A501 another
TRANSLITERATE replace (letters of f. trans- + littera = letter
one language) by
those of another
for the same
A501 sounds
TRANSPIRE (by transpirre, f. trans- + spirre = breathe
misapprehension,
A502 , B482 first U.S.) happen
TRANSPONTINE that is across the f. trans- + pns, pont- = bridge
bridge, spec. any
of the London
bridges, i.e. south
of the Thames, and
so pert. to the
drama of Surrey-
 side theatres in
19th century
A502
TREMENDOUS immense f. tremendus, gerundive of tremere =
A503 tremble, tremble at
TRIAS (geol., after G. L. Gr. tris = triad
trias) series of
strata between the
Jurassic and
Permian, so called
because divisible
A504 into three groups
TRICHINOSIS disease due to f. trichina, f. Gr. trkhinos = of hair, f. thrx,
trichinae (parasitic thrikh- = hair
worms) in the
A504 alimentary canal
TRILOBITE member of a group trilobts, f. tri- + lobus, -it- = lobe
of extict
arthropodous
animals having a
A505 three-lobed body
TRIVIAL popular trivilis, f. tri- + via = way
A506
TRIVIUM in the Middle trivium = place where three roads meet, f.
Ages, the lower tri- + via = way
division of the
seven liberal arts
(grammar, rhetoric,
logic), the upper
four (quadrivium)
being arighmetic,
geometry,
astronomy, and
A506
music
TROPE (liturg.) phrase tropus = figure of speech Gr. trpos = turn,
introduced into the rel. to trpein = turn
text for musical
A506 embellishment
TROPIC either boundary of tropicus Gr. tropiks = pert. to the turning
the torrid zone; pl. of the sun at the solstice, fig. f. trop =
region between turning, putting to flight, defeat, rel. to
A506 these trpein = turn
TUSSIVE pert. to a cough f. tussis = cough
A506

U
UNDINE water-nymph undina, undena, f. unda = wave
A514
UNGULATE hoof-shaped, ungultus, f. ungula = claw, hoof, f. unguis =
A515 hoofed nail
URANUS planet situated ranus Gr. Ourans = husband of Gaea
between Saturn (Earth) and father of Cronos (Saturn)
A517 and Neptune
URTICATE sting like a nettle f. pp. stem of urtcre, f. urtca = nettle
A517

V
VALENCY (chem.) capacity valentia = power, competence, f. valre = be
of an atom to powerful
combine with
A519 other atoms
VANADIUM metallic element vanadium, f. ON. Vanads, name of the
A520 Scand. Goddess Freyja
VECTOR (math.) quantity vector = carrier, traveller, rider, f. vect-, pp.
having direction as stem of vehere = carry
A521 well as magnitude
VELAR pert. to the velum vlris, f. vlum = curtain
A522
VELUM (zool., bot.) v. palati = veil of the palate; vlum = curtain,
membranous sail, veil
A522 structure
VERB (UM) SAP . shortening of verbum sapient (sat est) = a
A523 word (is enough) for a wise person
VERSO back of the leaf of vers = being turned, abl. sing. of pp. of
a book, being the vertere = turn
side presented to
the eye when the
leaf has been
A524 turned over
VESICA v. piscis = fish vsca, vessca, vensca = bladder, blister
bladder, painted
oval figure used as
A524 an aureole
VESTA one of the minor L., corr. to Gr. Hest, personification of
A525 planets hest = heart, house, household
VIA via media = via = way, road
intermediate
A525 course
VIADUCT f. via = via + duct, after aqueduct (dcere =
A525 lead)
VIBRIO (zool.) bacteroid f. vibrre = vibrate
organism having a
A525 vibratory motion
VIM (orig. U.S.) force, usu. supposed to be vim, acc. of vs =
A527 energy, go strength, energy
VIOLA single-coloured viola = violet
A527 pansy
VIREO small Amer. bird L.
A527
VIRESCENT A527 greenish f. virescns, -ent-, prp. of virescere = become
 green, f. virre = be green
VIVA (colloq.) short for abl. of fem. of vvus = living + vx = voice
viva voce = with
living voice (oral
A528 examination)
VOLITANT flitting prp. of volitre, frequent. of volre = fly
A529
VULCANITE pyroxene; f. Vulcan (Vulcnus), name of the ancient
preparation of Rom. god of fire
india-rubber and
sulphur hardened
A530 by heat

W
---

X
---

Y
---

Z
ZEUGMA (rhet.) figure by L. Gr. zeugma = yoking, f. zeugnnai vb.
which a single rel. to zugn = yoke
word or phrase is
made improperly
to apply to two or
more words or
A551 phrases
 12. The Twentieth Century

CONURBATION f. con- + urbs, urb- = city

A96
FOLIC (chem.) name of f. folium = leaf
an acid abundant
A177 in green leaf
HAFNIUM f. Hafnia, L. name of Copenhagen, Denmark
A207, C423
INSULIN hormone f. insula = island
extracted from the
islets of
Langerhans in the
pancreas of
A238 animas
MISSION operational sortie missi, -n-, f. miss-, stem of mittere = let go,
A296 , B303 send
PENICILLIN Penicillium = f. pnicillum = pencil
generic name of
mould, so named
from their brush-
A344 like sporangia
PLASMA ionized gas plasma = mould, image, f. Gr. plssein =
A356 fashion, form
PLASTIC of synthetic plasticus Gr. plastiks, f. plasts, ppl. adj. f.
A356 material plssein = fashion, form
PRESIDIUM presiding body; prsidium, f. prsidre, f. pr + sedre = sit
standing
commitee in
communistic
A368 bodies
VORTICISM priciples of a f. vortex, -ic- = vortex, taken in the sense of
school of painting the artists conception of relations in the
originating in universe
1913 among some
members of the
A529 London Group
 13. CHRONOLOGICALLY UNSPECIFIED LOANWORDS

CHRYSANTHEMU chrsanthemum Gr. khrsnthemon, f.

M khrss = gold + nthemon, rel. to nthos =
flower
A76
EXPLICIT L. formula used by scribes to indicate the end
of a book or piece, prob. orig. short for
explicitus est liber = the book is unfolded or
exhibited, but regarded as a verb in 3rd pers.
sing. = here ends
A161
GREGARIOUS f. gregrius, f. grex, greg- = flock, herd
A201
HORTATORY horttrius, f. hortt-, pp. stem of hortr =
A220 exhort
MAGNIFICAT the canticle beginning Magnificat anima mea
Dominum = My Soul doth magnify the Lord,
3rd pers. sg. pres. ind. of magnificre =
magnify
A276
METAMORPHOSIS L. (in pl. as the title of a work by Ovid) Gr.
A291 metamrphsis
REGIUS designation of f. rx, rg- = king
professors
appointed by the
Crown, instituted
by Henry VIII
A395
SIC sc = so, thus
A438
STRADIVARIUS latinization of the name of Antonio Stradivari
of Cremona applied to violins made by him
A465 and his relatives
SYNECDOCHE synecdoch Gr. sunekdokh, f.
sunekhdkhesthai, f. syn- + ekdkhesthai =
A479 take up
14. Commentary on the Chronological Classification
of Latin Loanwords in English
 Based on what has been said about the various historical, political and social
circumstances that were discussed in the previous chapters, it only stands to reason that
the greatest number of words were adopted in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
Then follow the fifteenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Fewer Latin words were
adopted then in the fourteenth century and the least were borrowed in the eleventh,
twelfth, thirteenth and twentieth century.
The first loanwords - Old English loanwords - were mainly of military character.
This is due to the fact that the first encounters between Germanic peoples and the
Romans were of such character. Other groups of words included food items, trade items,
clothing items and practical everyday utilities. Another area of Latin loanwords were
ecclesiastical and religious words. Words such as deacon, nun or paternoster were
among the loanwords adopted in this period. Even though, the first loanwords are very
important, their number is relatively small, compared to later periods.
In the thirteenth and especially in the fourteenth centuries, the number of
loanwords rose significantly. The number of ecclesiastical loanwords multiplied and so
did the number of other groups of loans. New fields such as biology, medicine,
mineralogy, astronomy and alchemy became rich sources of borrowed words. One of
the differences between the Old English period and the Middle English period was the
fact that the Middle English period was much richer in abstract terms, as opposed to the
predominantly concrete terminology of the Old English period.
The Renaissance period was rich in Latin loans for various reasons. The
humanistic movement along with the revival of the classical studies brought
renaissance not only in fields like literature and sciences but also in the field of
linguistics. Latin was so to speak rediscovered and started to be perceived as a highly
reputable, prestigeous, scholarly language and a rich source of new lexis. It, again,
started to be taught at renowned universities, therefore, its knowledge was highly
desirable. The adoption of new words was facilitated by the fact that Renaissance also
initiated a revival of classical authors who wrote in Latin and whose grace and quality
of writing was inspirational. With the resurrection of Greek and Roman mythology,
words such as medusa, python, or triumvir became part of the English vocabulary. Latin
was also a channel through which Greek words were taken over into English. The new
interest in sciences such as medicine, biology, mathematics, and botany brought about
great demand for brand new terms. Words such as anemone, triceps or trachea found
their way into English during this period. Also, a rather large group of loans was of legal
character. This terminology includes words such as mandate or versus. Other important
fields that grew in number of loans from Latin at this period were phonology, rhetoric,
philosophy, astronomy, prosody, philology, architecture and others. There is one more
factor that contributed to the extensive borrowing of Latin words and that is the general
neglect of vernaculars. Compared to Latin, vernaculars were considered unequipped,
rough, plain and inferior. The trend of borrowing more abstract words continued and, in
fact, reached its peak during this period.
Later on, after the Renaissance enthusiasm began to slowly fade away, the
number of words taken over also started to grew smaller. Therefore, the eighteenth and
the nineteenth centuries are somewhat poorer as far as numbers are concerned.
However, the semanitic fields of words that were being adopted did not undergo any
major change. The most numerous loans were from fields such as biology and medicine
reflecting the social and scientific development of that period. Homeopathy, scarlatina
and tussive were just some of the words which established themselves in English during
this period. Later on, Latin was slowly becoming more and more challenged by the
English vernacular and social and linguistic changes eventually caused Latin to give
way to English and its dialects.
The twentieth century was a source of only a few Latin loanwords which mostly
reflect the technological and scientific progress that occured in the previous century.
Conclusion
This paper has been built on the hypothesis affirming that: The social, political
and cultural circumstances of the English-Latin relations affected the amount of
loanwords borrowed at particular time periods. In line with this declaration, the
following research question has been formulated. In which periods was the number of
words taken over from Latin into English the highest respectively the lowest and what
was the cause of this? To fully answer the research question, four chapters have been
written, each dealing with specific aspects of this issue.
The first chapter provided a theoretical introduction to the topic. It explained the
type of contact that English has had with Latin over the centuries. That is, in the
beginning and especially after the Roman conquest of Britain, Latin was confronted
with English on a daily basis, therefore the influence was not limited only to a few
lexical borrowings, but extended also into syntax, phonology and morphology. Later on,
Latin has become predominantly a source of the learned words, that is it became a
book language. It was not until the Renaissance period that Latin ceased to be
functioning as a book language and started to represent an international language of
communication that faced English on everyday basis once again. This chapter further
defined the process of borrowing along with the concept of a loanword itself. It gave
examples of why words are being adopted. It also stated that in the case of Latin-
English relations, the reasons have stretched from the most natural ones, such as
demand for new lexis, to very artificial ones, for instance, borrowing as a way of
increasing social status and prestige. The end of this chapter was dedicated to exploring
the various kinds of attitudes to borrowing in connection with Latin words in English.
The second chapter was dedicated to the development of the two languages
within their own individual history. The purpose of this chapter was to provide a
background for the following chapter that dealt with the historical overview of Latin
loanwords in English as such. The second chapter was further divided into two main
parts the history of Latin and the history of English. The history of Latin was reflected
in a chronological development from the archaic, classical, vulgar and Christian Latin to
Latin of the Middle Ages, Renaissance and Modern Latin. It described the very early
influences on Latin along with the functions that Latin represented in the course of
history. The development of the English language was divided into three stages: Old,
Middle and Modern English. Each stage was then defined in terms of relations to other
languages and foreign influences. The Old English period was described as a time of
mixing of four languages: Celtic, Scandinavian, Latin and English. Examples of
loanwords of such influences have been provided. The Middle English period was
considered to be a time of three major languages: English, French and Latin. The
relationship among these languages was described and a few examples of loanwords of
that period have been provided as well. The description of the Modern English periods
stressed the importance of Renaissance in the development of English and commented
on later development.
The third chapter focused on the actual development of Latin words in English
throughout history. It followed the division into Old, Middle and Modern English
periods. The Old English period drawed on Pogatchers division into continental, insular
and Christian loanwords, which were then characterized. The character of Middle
English period loanwords was described. Loans of this period continued to be of
ecclesiastical and religious character, however, other semantic fields such as astrology,
medicine or alchemy began to extend their vocabulary through Latin borrowings, too.
Also, abstract words rather than concrete words continuted to be adopted. In addition,
the origin of the so called aureate terms was explained. Latin loanwords were most
numerous in the Modern English period. This was due to the humanistic movement that
reintroduced languages, supported sciences, re-established the status of classical
authors, simply lead to the revival of learning. At this period, however, Latin and
English were being, for a certain period of time, often confronted, so to speak. English
as a vernacular was considered insufficient and not suitable for the new way of lifestyle.
Latin, on the other hand, was a language that all the others looked up to. Towards the
end of the eighteenth century, this situation was slowly starting to change. A tendency to
support vernaculars, in general, surpassed efforts to maintain Latin as an international
language of communication and English once again gained a position of a reputable
language.
The fourth chapter anchored the topic lexically. It comprised of the actual
chronological classification of Latin words in English. The words have been divided
into several chapters, according to the period they were adopted in. The primary source
of words listed was Hoads Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. All the
words have been provided with their etymological history and those words whose
meaning may not be clear have been also provided with their English definitions. A
commentary on the number of words adopted at particular centuries summarized the
findings of the list of loawords of this chapter. It concluded that the highest amount of
loanwords were adopted in the period of Renaissance, which confirmed the findings of
the previous chapter. The smallest number of words were adopted in the early
beginnings of Latin-English contact and in recent history, that is in the twentieth
century.
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English Summary

This work is divided into two parts a theoretical part and a lexical part. The

first part deals with the general concept of borrowing and loanwords. It defines the two

linguistic features, explaining the possible reasons for their existence and the function

they have in a language. Furthermore, the theoretical part focuses on the historical

context of both languages within their own history as well as their common history.

Both Latin and English are described in terms of chronology and historical

development. The complex social and cultural circumstances that influenced the
adoption of loanwords, are explained. The two historical introductions that is the

introduction to the separate developments as well as the introduction to how the

relationship of the two languages has evolved in the course of history are followed by a

concluding chapter of the theoretical part. This chapter concentrates on Latin loanwords

in the English language, in particular. It explains why certain historical periods were

rich in loans from Latin and why some were rather not. It creates a background to the

lexical part of this thesis. The lexical part, which is the core of this thesis, is dedicated to

the chronological classification of Latin loanwords in the English language. The list of

words that are included is limited to the headwords of Hoads Concise Oxford

Dictionary of English Etymology. All the words from this source have been divided into

several groups according to the century they were adopted in. The origin of each word is

given, along with its meaning if necessary. If there were any discrepancies concerning

the origin of a loanword, other two sources were consulted in the process of

identification the etymology of the word. The enumeration of loanwords is

supplemented with a list of abbreviations and most common prefixes that are used in

English. A commentary on the chronological classification of Latin loanwords,

explaining the different numbers of loanwords at different periods of time, concludes

this thesis.
CZECH SUMMARY

Tato prce se skld ze dvou st teoretick a lexikln. Teoretick st je

zamena na obecn popis procesu pejmn slov. Je v n definovn samotn proces

pjovn a s nm souvisejc jevy. Jsou popsny funkce vpjek i dvody pro

k pejmn slov dochz. Tento vklad je doplnn o pehled historickho vvoje, jak

anglitiny, tak latiny. Vvoj v rmci obou jazyk je popsn z chronologickho hlediska,

aby korespondoval s lexikln st tto prce. Dle jsou tyto dva jazyky konfrontovny

z hlediska vzjemnch vztah. Jsou vysvtleny nejen spoleensk a kulturn, ale i

lingvistick vlivy, kter formovaly vvoj pejmn slov do anglitiny. Nsledn je

popsn charakter samotnch vpjek, tak jak se vyvjel v prbhu historie. Je

vysvtleno, pro jist obdob jsou na latinsk vpjky bohat a jin mn. Lexikln

st, kter tvo jdro tto prce, je vnovna samotn chronologick klasifikaci

latinskch slov v anglitin. Vet tchto slov je limitovn potem hesel obsaench

v Hoadov Strunm slovnku anglick etymologie. Vechna slova byla rozdlena do

nkolika skupin podle stolet, ve kterch byla do anglitiny pejata. Ke kadmu slovu

je v ppad poteby doplnn jeho vznam a nsledn popsn jeho etymologick vvoj.

Pokud etymologie slova nebyla z primrnho zdroje zejm, byly konzultovny

doplujc zdroje. Vet pejatch slov je doplnn o seznam zkratek a prefix, kter se

v anglitin nejastji vyskytuj. Zvrem je chronologick rozlenn okomentovno

z hlediska objemu pejatch slov v rznch asovch obdobch.

APPENDICES

APPENDIX 1 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

antiq. antiquities
abbr./abbrev. abbreviation aor. aorist
abl. ablative app. apparently
acc. according; Arab. Arabic
accusative arch. archaic
adj. adjective archaeol. archaeology
adv. adverb archit. architecture
Afr. Africa arith. arithmetic
AL. Anglo-Latin art. article
alch. alchemy assim. assimilated
alt. alteration assoc. associated
Amer. America astrol. astrology
anat. anatomy astr., astron. astronomy
anthrop. anthropology attrib. attributive
biochem. biochemistry foll. following
biol. biology freq. frequent
bot. botany frequent. frequentative
Celt. Celtic fut. future
cent. century G. German
cf. confer = compare g. genitive
chem. chemistry Gallo-Roman Gallo-Roman
ChrL. Christian Latin Gaul. Gaulish
classL. classical Latin gen. general; genitive
colloq. colloquial
comb. combining geog. geography
comp. compound geol. geology
geom. geometry
Gmc. Germanic
compar. comparative Goth. Gothic
contr. contracted Gr. Greek
corr. corresponding gram. grammar
d. dative Heb. Hebrew
deriv. derivative her. heraldry
dim. diminutive Hind. Hidustani
eccl. ecclesiastical hist. history
ecclL. ecclesiastical i.e. id est = that is
Latin IE. Indo-European
e.g. exempli gratia = imit. imitative
for example immed. immediate
el. element imper. imperative
electr. electricity imperf. imperfect
ellipt. elliptical ind., indic. indicative
Eng. English inf., infin. infinitive
ent., entom. entomology infl. inflected;
equiv. equivalent influenced
erron. erroneous instr. instrumental
esp. especially int. interjection
etym., etymol. etymology intr. intransitive
euph., euphem. euphemistic Ir. Irish
Eur. European iron. ironic
ex. example irreg. irregular
exc. except It. Italian
expl. explained Jap. Japanese
ext. extended joc. jocular
F. French L. Latin
f. formed on lang. language
fem. feminine law-L. law-Latin
fig. figurative leg. legal
LG. Low German pass. passive
lit. literal, literary path. pathology
liturg. liturgy perf. perfect
loc. locative perh. perhaps
m., masc. masculine pers. person; personal
math. mathematics Pers. Persian
ME. Middle English pert. pertaining
mech. mechanics Pg. Portuguese
med. medicine; pharm. pharmacy
medieval philol. philology
meteor. meteorology philos. philosophy
Mex. Mexican phon. phonetics
mil. military photogr. photography
min. mineralogy phr. phrase
mod. modern phys. physics
mus. music physiol. physiology
myth. mythology pl. plural
N. north poet. poetic
n. neuter pop. popular
nat. hist. natural history poss. possessive;
naut. nautical possibly
neg. negative pp. past participle
nom. nominative ppl. participle
north. northern Pr. Provencal
N.T. New Testament pref. prefix
O Old prep. preposition
obj. object pres. present
obl. oblique prim. primary
obs. obsolete prob. probably
occas. occasional pron. pronoun
OCelt. Old Celtic pronunc. pronunciation
OE. Old English prop. proper
OF. Old French pros. prosody
OHG. Old High German prp. present participle
OIr. Old Irish psych., psychol. psychology
OL. Old Latin pt. past tense
ON. Old Norse R.C.Ch. Roman Chatholic
OPers. Old Persian Church
opp. opposed to; redupl. reduplication
opposite ref. reference
orig. origin; original refash. refashioned
ornith. ornithology refl. reflexive
O.T. Old Testament rel. related to; relative
palaeogr. palaeography repl. replacing
repr. representing Syr. Syrian
rhet. rhetoric techn. technical
Rom. Roman; Romance theatr. theatre
S. Afr. South Africa theol. theology
S. Amer. South America tr. transitive;
sb. substantive translation
Sc. Scots, Scottish trans. transitive
Scand. Scandianvian transf. transferred
scholL. scholastic Latin Turk. Turkish
S.E. South East typogr. typography
Sem. Semitic ult. ultimate
sg., sing. singular uncert. uncertain
Skr. Sanskrit unexpl. unexplained
Sl., Slav. Slavonic Univ. University
Sp. Spanish unkn. unknown
south. southern U.S. United States
sp. spelling usu. usually
spec. specific var. variant
str. stress; strong vb. verb
subj. subject; viz. videlicet =
subjunctive namely
subseq. subsequently voc. vocative
super. superlative Vulg. Vulgate
surg. surgery W. Welsh
Sw. Swedish w. with
syll. syllable WGmc. West Germanic
syn., synon. synonym zool. zoology

APPENDIX 2 COMMON PREFIXES IN ENGLISH

ab- L. from a-, abs-, adv-, av-, v-

ad- L. to, at, for a-, ab-, ac-, af-, ag-, al-,
an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-
after- E.
ambi- L. on both sides, around amb-
amphi- Gr. on both sides, around
an- Gr. neg. prefix ad-
an- E. in reply to, opposite to un-
ante- L. before anti-, anci-, an-
anti- Gr. against, opposite to ant-, anth-
apo- Gr. from, off
arch- Gr. chief archi-, arche-
auto- Gr. self auth-
bi- L. double ba-, bis-, di-
bin- L. above
cata- Gr. down, downwards cat-, cath-
centri- L. centre
circum- L. round
com- L. together co-, col-, con-, cor-, coun-
contra- L. against contro-, counter-
de- L. down, downward di-
deci- L. ten
demi- F. half
dextro- L. right-handed dexter-, dextr-
di- Gr. double, allied, twice
dia- Gr. through, between, apart de-, dea-, di-
dis- L. apart, away bis-, de-, des-, di-, dif-, s-
duo L. two, double dou-, du-
dys- Gr. badly
eso- Gr. within endo-, ento-
eu- Gr. well ev-
ex- L. and Gr. out of, very, a-, e-, ec-, ef-, ek-, es-,
away exo-, iss-, s-
extra- L. beyond exter-, stra-
for- E. in place of
for- F. from L. = outside, out of fore-
doors
hemi- Gr. half semi-
hetero- Gr. other
holo- Gr. entire
homo- Gr. same homeo-
hyper- Gr. above, beyond
hyp- Gr. under hyph-, hyph-
in- L. in am-, an-, em-, en-, il-, im-,
ir-
in- L. negative prefix a-, am-, an-, en-, i-, il-, im-,
in-, ir-, un-
ind- L. within endo-
infra- L. below, underneath
inter- L. between enter-, entr-, intel-, intra-,
intro-
juxta- L. near
macro- Gr. long, large
magni- L. great
male- L. badly mal-, mau-
meta- Gr. among, with, after, used met-, meth-
to imply change
micro- Gr. small micr-
milli- L. thousand
mis- E. wrongly, amiss
mis- F. badly, ill
mono- Gr. single mon-
multi- Gr. many mult-
n- E. or L. negative prefix
naso- L. f. nsus = nose
ne- L. not ne-, nec-, neg-
necro- Gr. f. nekrs = corpse
neo- Gr. new
nocti- L. f. nox, noct- = night noct-
non- L. not
ob- L. and Gr. near, allied to, epi-, o-, oc-, of-, op-, os-
upon
octo- L. eight oct-
omni- L. all
pan- Gr. all panto-
para- Gr. beside for-, pa-, per-, peri-
pen- L. almost
per- L. through for-, para-
peri- Gr. around para-
poly- Gr. many
por- L. towards, forth po-, pol-, pos-
post- L. after
pre- L. before pr-, pro-
preter- L. beyond
pro- L. and Gr. before, instead for-, por-, pour-, pr-, prod-,
of, in front of prof-, pur-
pros- Gr. in addition, towards forth-, por-,
proto- Gr. first prot-
quadri- L. four quadru-
quinque- L. five
re- L. again red-
retro- L. backwards, behind read-, rere-
sans- F. from L. without sine-
se- L. away, apart s-, sed-
semi- L. half
septi- L. seven
sesqui- L. one and a half
sex- L. six
sine- L. without
somni- L. f. somnus = sleep
sub- L. under s-, so-, su-, suc-, suf-, sug-,
sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-
subter- L. beneath
super- L. above, over hyper-, over-, sover-, sub-,
supra-
syn- Gr. with, together with cum-, sy-, syl-, sym-, syn-
ter- L. thrice tri-
trans- L. beyond tra-, tran-, tre-, tres-
tri- L. thrice tres-
tubi- L. f. tubus = tube
ultra- L. beyond ulter-
un- L. one uni-
ve- L. apart from
vermi- L. f. vermis = worm
vice- L. in place of vis-