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How to restart ESX Management Agent

Installation steps during ESX Server


Storage SAN,NAS, iSCSI Differences
iSCSI Software initiator port number
VMware ESX 3 and ESX 4 differences
how to check the state of VM using command line
how to shutdown a VM using command line

Vmware interview questions third round of technical interview in IBM

1. Explain the physical topology of Virtual Infrastructure 3 Data Centre ?


2. How do you configure Clusters,Hosts,Resource Pools in VI3 ?
3. What are resource pools & whats the advantage of implementing them ?
4. Explain why Vmware ESX Server is preferred over Virtual Server or Workstation for
enterprise implementation ?
5. In what different scenarios or methods can you manage a VI3 ?
6. Explain the difference between access through Virtual Infrastructure Client (vi client), Web
access, Service Console access(ssh) ?
7. Explain advantages or features of Vmware Virtual Machine File System (VMFS) ?
8. What are the types of data stores supported in ESX3.0 ?
9. How can you configure these different types of datastores on ESX2.5 ?
10.What is Vmware Consolidate Backup (VCB) ? Explain your work exposure in this area ?
11.How do you configure Vmware Virtual Centre Management Server for HA & DRS ? What are
the conditions to be satisfied for this setup ?
12.Explain your work related to below terms :

VM Provisioning:
Alarms & Even Management:
Task Scheduler:
Hardware Compatibility List:

13.What SAN or NAS boxes have you configured VMware with ? How did you do that ?
14.What kind of applications or setups you have on you Virtual Machines ?
15.Have you ever faced ESX server crashing and Virtual Centre Server crash? How do you know
the cause of these crashes in these cases ?

==========================================================
Well I hope you get select in the tcs company. Just study hard and follow the following vmware
questions. These are generally asked in interview.

1. How can you edit VI Client Settings and VC Server Settings ?


Click Edit Menu on VC and Select Client Settings to change VI settings
Click Administration Menu on VC and Select VC Management Server Configuration to Change
VC Settings
2. What are the files that make a Virtual Machine ?
.vmx - Virtual Machine Configuration File
.nvram - Virtual Machine BIOS
.vmdk - Virtual Machine Disk file
.vswp - Virtual Machine Swap File
.vmsd - Virtual MAchine Snapshot Database
.vmsn - Virtual Machine Snapshot file
.vmss - Virtual Machine Suspended State file
.vmware.log - Current Log File
.vmware-#.log - Old Log file
3. What are the devices that can be added while the virtual Machine running
In VI 3.5 we can add Hard Disk and NIC's while the machine running.
In vSphere 4.0 we can add Memory and Processor along with HDD and NIC's while the machine
running
4. How to set the time delay for BIOS screen for a Virtual Machine?
Right Click on VM, select edit settings, choose options tab and select boot option, set the delay
how much you want.
5. What is a template ?
We can convert a VM into Template, and it cannot be powered on once its changed to template.
This is used to quick provisioning of VM's.
6. What to do to customize the windows virtual machine clone,?
copy the sysprep files to Virtual center directory on the server, so that the wizard will take the
advantage of it.
=====================================================================

Recently one of my friends had an interview in tcs- hyderabad. He told me that the questions
were very normal and basic. He had gone through three rounds and finally got selected in the tcs-
hyderabad. Below I have mentioned few interview questions regarding vmware which was asked
to him. All the best

What is nic teaming?


What is background process of vmotion?
What is ha & drs Background process?
Tell me something about Distrubuted switch.
How to assign a lun to esx server and how will you identify the lun to esx up gradation
process of esx servers?
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===========

Well I am not sure about rounds that tcs conduct but I know the questions they ask on vmware.
How to restart ESX Management Agent?
Tell me the Installation steps during ESX Server.
Storage SAN,NAS, iSCSI Differences
iSCSI Software initiator port number
Difference between VMware ESX 3 and ESX 4?
How to check the state of VM using command line?
How to shutdown a VM using command line?
I hope theses question would help you to clear the interview. All the best
=====================================================================
Vmware Questions that can be asked in the tcs interview are as follows:
1. What are the three port groups present in ESX server networking
1. Virtual Machine Port Group - Used for Virtual Machine Network
2. Service Console Port Group - Used for Service Console Communications
3. VMKernel Port Group - Used for VMotion, iSCSI, NFS Communications
2. What is the use of a Port Group?
The port group segregates the type of communication.

3. What are the type of communications which requires an IP address for sure ?
Service Console and VMKernel (VMotion and iSCSI), these communications does not happen
without an ip address (Whether it is a single or dedicated)

4. In the ESX Server licensing features VMotion License is showing as Not used, why?
Even though the license box is selected, it shows as "License Not Used" until, you enable the
VMotion option for specific vSwitch

5. How the Virtual Machine Port group communication works ?


All the vm's which are configured in VM Port Group are able to connect to the physical
machines on the network. So this port group enables communication between vSwitch and
Physical Switch to connect vm's to Physical Machine's

6. What is a VLAN ?
A VLAN is a logical configuration on the switch port to segment the IP Traffic. For this to
happen, the port must be trunked with the correct VLAN ID.
7. Does the vSwitches support VLAN Tagging? Why?
Yes, The vSwitches support VLAN Tagging, otherwise if the virtual machines in an esx host
are connected to different VLANS, we need to install a separate physical nic (vSwitch) for every
VLAN. That is the reason vmware included the VLAN tagging for vSwitches. So every vSwitch
supports upto 1016 ports, and BTW they can support 1016 VLANS if needed, but an ESX server
doesnt support that many VMs. :)
8. What is Promiscuous Mode on vSwitch ? What happens if it sets to Accept?
If the promiscuous mode set to Accept, all the communication is visible to all the virtual
machines, in other words all the packets are sent to all the ports on vSwitch
If the promiscuous mode set to Reject, the packets are sent to inteded port, so that the intended
virtual machine was able to see the communication.
9. What is MAC address Changes ? What happens if it is set to Accept ?
When we create a virtual machine the configuration wizard generates a MAC address for that
machine, you can see it in the .vmx (VM Config) file. If it doesn't matches with the MAC address
in the OS this setting does not allow incoming traffic to the VM. So by setting Reject Option both
MAC addresses will be remains same, and the incoming traffic will be allowed to the VM.
10. What is Forged Transmits ? What happens if it is set to Accept ?
When we create a virtual machine the configuration wizard generates a MAC address for that
machine, you can see it in the .vmx (VM Config) file. If it doesn't matches with the MAC address
in the OS this setting does not allow outgoing traffic from the VM. So by setting Reject Option
both MAC addresses will be remains same, and the outgoing traffic will be allowed from the
VM.
I am sure that if you prepare for atleast these questions regarding vmware then you will surely
clear the interview. These are some important questions that are asked in the tcs company. All the
best. Please let me know if you get selected.
====================================================================

Re: Interview questions and tips for TCS (INDIA) regarding VMware
If you want to clear the interview and get selected then kindly follow the following questions. I
am mentioning few important questions to you below. Kindly have a look.
1. What are the core services of VC ?
VM provisioning , Task Scheduling and Event Logging
2. Can we do vMotion between two datacenters ? If possible how it will be?
Yes we can do vMotion between two datacenters, but the mandatory requirement is the VM
should be powered off.
3. What is Forged Transmits ? What happens if it is set to Accept ?
When we create a virtual machine the configuration wizard generates a MAC address for that
machine, you can see it in the .vmx (VM Config) file. If it doesn't matches with the MAC address
in the OS this setting does not allow outgoing traffic from the VM. So by setting Reject Option
both MAC addresses will be remains same, and the outgoing traffic will be allowed from the
VM.
=====================================================================
Top five questions that I think you should before you for an interview are,
To open the guided consolidation tool, what are the user requirements?
What is VMWare consolidated backup ?
What are the requirements for Converting a Physical machine to VM ?
What are the settings that are taken into to consideration when we initiate a snapshot ?
What are the common issues with snapshots? What stops from taking a snapshot and how
to fix it ?

1. What are the common issues with snapshots? What stops from taking a snapshot and
how to fix it ?
If you configure the VM with Mapped LUN's, then the snapshot failed. If it is mapped as virtual
then we can take a snapshot of it.
If you configure the VM with Mapped LUN's as physical, you need to remove it to take a
snapshot.
2. What are the settings that are taken into to consideration when we initiate a snapshot ?
Virtual Machine Configuration (What hardware is attached to it)
State of the Virtual Machine Hard Disk file ( To revert back if needed)
State of the Virtual Machine Memory (if it is powered on)
3. What are the requirements for Converting a Physical machine to VM ?
An agent needs to be installed on the Physical machine
VI client needs to be installed with Converter Plug-in
A server to import/export virtual machines
4. What is VMWare consolidated backup ?
It is a backup framework, that supports 3rd party utilities to take backups of ESX servers and
Virtual Machines. Its not a backup service.
5. To open the guided consolidation tool, what are the user requirements ?
The user must be member of administrator, The user should have "Logon as service" privileges -
To give a user these privileges, open local sec policy, select Logon as service policy and add the
user the user should have read access to AD to send queries

====================================================================
Few frequently asked questions on vmware are as follows,
1.What's the difference between a vSwitch and dsSwitch?
2. Explain the PSA.
3. What is VAAI?
4. What is a SCSI reservation?
5. What is the best practices regarding network setup.
=====================================================================
Windows Server admin
==========================
What is an IP address?
What is a subnet mask?
What is ARP?
What is ARP Cache Poisoning?
What is the ANDing process?
What is a default gateway? What happens if I don't have one?
Can a workstation computer be configured to browse the Internet and yet NOT have a default
gateway?
What is a subnet?
What is APIPA?
What is an RFC? Name a few if possible (not necessarily the numbers, just the ideas behind
them)
What is RFC 1918?
What is CIDR?
You have the following Network ID: 192.115.103.64/27. What is the IP range for your network?
You have the following Network ID: 131.112.0.0. You need at least 500 hosts per network. How
many networks can you create? What subnet mask will you use?
You need to view at network traffic. What will you use? Name a few tools
How do I know the path that a packet takes to the destination?
What does the ping 192.168.0.1 -l 1000 -n 100 command do?
What is DHCP? What are the benefits and drawbacks of using it?
Describe the steps taken by the client and DHCP server in order to obtain an IP address.
What is the DHCPNACK and when do I get one? Name 2 scenarios.
What ports are used by DHCP and the DHCP clients?
Describe the process of installing a DHCP server in an AD infrastructure.
What is DHCPINFORM?
Describe the integration between DHCP and DNS.
What options in DHCP do you regularly use for an MS network?
What are User Classes and Vendor Classes in DHCP?
How do I configure a client machine to use a specific User Class?
What is the BOOTP protocol used for, where might you find it in Windows network
infrastructure?
DNS zones describe the differences between the 4 types.
DNS record types describe the most important ones.
Describe the process of working with an external domain name
Describe the importance of DNS to AD.
Describe a few methods of finding an MX record for a remote domain on the Internet.
What does "Disable Recursion" in DNS mean?
What could cause the Forwarders and Root Hints to be grayed out?
What is a "Single Label domain name" and what sort of issues can it cause?
What is the "in-addr.arpa" zone used for?
What are the requirements from DNS to support AD?
How do you manually create SRV records in DNS?
Name 3 benefits of using AD-integrated zones.
What are the benefits of using Windows 2003 DNS when using AD-integrated zones?
You installed a new AD domain and the new (and first) DC has not registered its SRV records in
DNS. Name a few possible causes.
What are the benefits and scenarios of using Stub zones?
What are the benefits and scenarios of using Conditional Forwarding?
What are the differences between Windows Clustering, Network Load Balancing and Round
Robin, and scenarios for each use?
How do I work with the Host name cache on a client computer?
How do I clear the DNS cache on the DNS server?
What is the 224.0.1.24 address used for?
What is WINS and when do we use it?
Can you have a Microsoft-based network without any WINS server on it? What are the
"considerations" regarding not using WINS?
Describe the differences between WINS push and pull replications.
What is the difference between tombstoning a WINS record and simply deleting it?
Name the NetBIOS names you might expect from a Windows 2003 DC that is registered in
WINS.
Describe the role of the routing table on a host and on a router.
What are routing protocols? Why do we need them? Name a few.
What are router interfaces? What types can they be?
In Windows 2003 routing, what are the interface filters?
What is NAT?
What is the real difference between NAT and PAT?
How do you configure NAT on Windows 2003?
How do you allow inbound traffic for specific hosts on Windows 2003 NAT?
What is VPN? What types of VPN does Windows 2000 and beyond work with natively?
What is IAS? In what scenarios do we use it?
What's the difference between Mixed mode and Native mode in AD when dealing with RRAS?
What is the "RAS and IAS" group in AD?
What are Conditions and Profile in RRAS Policies?
What types or authentication can a Windows 2003 based RRAS work with?
How does SSL work?
How does IPSec work?
How do I deploy IPSec for a large number of computers?
What types of authentication can IPSec use?
What is PFS (Perfect Forward Secrecy) in IPSec?
How do I monitor IPSec?
Looking at IPSec-encrypted traffic with a sniffer. What packet types do I see?
What can you do with NETSH?
How do I look at the open ports on my machine?
The next article in this series will cover Active Directory questions!
===========================================================
Technical Interview Questions Active Directory

What is Active Directory?


What is LDAP?
Can you connect Active Directory to other 3rd-party Directory Services? Name a few options.
Where is the AD database held? What other folders are related to AD?
What is the SYSVOL folder?
Name the AD NCs and replication issues for each NC
What are application partitions? When do I use them
How do you create a new application partition
How do you view replication properties for AD partitions and DCs?
What is the Global Catalog?
How do you view all the GCs in the forest?
Why not make all DCs in a large forest as GCs?
Trying to look at the Schema, how can I do that?
What are the Support Tools? Why do I need them?
What is LDP? What is REPLMON? What is ADSIEDIT? What is NETDOM? What is
REPADMIN?
What are sites? What are they used for?
What's the difference between a site link's schedule and interval?
What is the KCC?
What is the ISTG? Who has that role by default?
What are the requirements for installing AD on a new server?
What can you do to promote a server to DC if you're in a remote location with slow WAN link?
How can you forcibly remove AD from a server, and what do you do later? Can I get user
passwords from the AD database?
What tool would I use to try to grab security related packets from the wire?
Name some OU design considerations.
What is tombstone lifetime attribute?
What do you do to install a new Windows 2003 DC in a Windows 2000 AD?
What do you do to install a new Windows 2003 R2 DC in a Windows 2003 AD?
How would you find all users that have not logged on since last month?
What are the DS* commands?
What's the difference between LDIFDE and CSVDE? Usage considerations?
What are the FSMO roles? Who has them by default? What happens when each one fails?
What FSMO placement considerations do you know of?
I want to look at the RID allocation table for a DC. What do I do?
What's the difference between transferring a FSMO role and seizing one? Which one should you
NOT seize? Why?
How do you configure a "stand-by operation master" for any of the roles?
How do you backup AD?
How do you restore AD?
How do you change the DS Restore admin password?
Why can't you restore a DC that was backed up 4 months ago?
What are GPOs?
What is the order in which GPOs are applied?
Name a few benefits of using GPMC.
What are the GPC and the GPT? Where can I find them?
What are GPO links? What special things can I do to them?
What can I do to prevent inheritance from above?
How can I override blocking of inheritance?
How can you determine what GPO was and was not applied for a user? Name a few ways to do
that.
A user claims he did not receive a GPO, yet his user and computer accounts are in the right OU,
and everyone else there gets the GPO. What will you look for?
Name a few differences in Vista GPOs
Name some GPO settings in the computer and user parts.
What are administrative templates?
What's the difference between software publishing and assigning?
Can I deploy non-MSI software with GPO?
You want to standardize the desktop environments (wallpaper, My Documents, Start menu,
printers etc.) on the computers in one department. How would you do that?
=========================================================

Technical Interview Questions - Windows Server 2008/R2 Active Directory

What is Active Directory?


What is LDAP?
Where is the AD database held? What other folders are related to AD?
Talk about all the AD-related roles in Windows Server 2008/R2.
What are the new Domain and Forest Functional Levels in Windows Server 2008/R2?
What is the SYSVOL folder?
What are the AD naming contexts (partitions)s and replication issues for each NC?
What are application partitions?
What applications or services use AD application partitions? Name a couple.
How do you create a new application partition?
What are the requirements for installing AD on a new server?
What can you do to promote a server to DC if you're in a remote location with slow WAN link?
...
How do you view replication properties for AD partitions and DCs?
What is the Global Catalog?
How do you view all the GCs in the forest?
Why not make all DCs in a large forest as GCs?
Talk about GCs and Universal Groups.
Describe the time synchronization mechanism in AD.
What is ADSIEDIT? What is NETDOM? What is REPADMIN?
What is DCDIAG? When would you use it?
...
What are sites? What are they used for?
What's the difference between a site link's schedule and interval?
What is the KCC?
What is the ISTG? Who has that role by default?
Talk about sites and GCs.
Talk about sites and Exchange Server 2007/2010.
...
What is GPO?
Describe the way GPO is applied throughout the domain.
What can you do to prevent inheritance from above?
How can you override blocking of inheritance?
Name some of the major changes in GPO in Windows Server 2008.
What are ADM files? What replaced them in Windows Server 2008?
What's the GPO repository? How do you use it?
What are GPO Preferences?
Which client OSs can use GPO Preferences?
What are GPO Templates?
What are WMI Filters?
What is the concept behind GPO Filtering?
How can you determine what GPO was and was not applied for a user? Name a few ways to do
that.
A user claims he did not receive a GPO, yet his user and computer accounts are in the right OU,
and everyone else there gets the GPO. What will you look for?
You want to standardize the desktop environments (wallpaper, My Documents, Start menu,
printers etc.) on the computers in one department. How would you do that?
...
What are the major changes in AD in Windows Server 2008?
What are the major changes in AD in Windows Server 2008 R2?
What is the AD Recycle Bin? How do you use it?
What is tombstone lifetime attribute?
What are AD Snapshots? How do you use them?
What is Offline Domain Join? How do you use it?
What are Fine-Grained Passwords? How do you use them?
Talk about Restartable Active Directory Domain Services in Windows Server 2008/R2. What is
this feature good for?
What are the changes in auditing in Windows Server 2008/R2?
...
How can you forcibly remove AD from a server, and what do you do later?
Can I get user passwords from the AD database?
What tool would I use to try to grab security related packets from the wire?
Talk about PowerShell and AD.
...
How do you backup AD?
How do you restore AD?
Talk about Windows Backup and AD backups.
How do you change the DS Restore admin password?
Why can't you restore a DC that was backed up 7 months ago?
What's NTDSUTIL? When do you use it?
...
What are RODCs?
What are the major benefits of using RODCs?
How do you install an RODC?
Talk about RODCs and passwords.
What is Read Only DNS?
What happens when a remote site with an RODC loses connectivity to the main site?
...
Talk about Server Core and AD.
How do you promote a Server Core to DC?
...
What are the FSMO roles? Who has them by default? What happens when each one fails?
How can you tell who holds each FSMO role? Name a 2-3 of methods.
What FSMO placement considerations do you know of?
You want to look at the RID allocation table for a DC. What do you need to do?
What's the difference between transferring a FSMO role and seizing one? Which one should you
NOT seize? Why?
=====================================================================
====================

PC Hardware

What is FSB?
What are Vcore and Vi/o?
On what type of socket can you install a Pentium 4 CPU?
What is SMP?
Which Intel and AMD processors support SMP?
How do LGA sockets differ from PGA and SEC?
What is the difference between Pentium 4 and Pentium Core 2 Duo? Explain the new technology.
How does IRQ priority works?
What technology enables you to upgrade your computer's BIOS by simply using a software?
What happens if you dissemble the battery located on the Mother-Board?
How do L1, L2, and L3 work?
How should we install RAM on a Dual-Channel Motherboard?
What is the advantage of serial over parallel bus?
Is USB using serial or parallel bus? What about Firewire?
How much power is supplied to each USB port?
When should you change your bus-powered USB hub to a self-powered USB hub?
What is a UPS?
What is the difference between standby and online UPS?
What is LBA (in Hard-Disks)?
How many Hard Disks can you install on an E-IDE controller?
Can you configure two hard disks to use the Master setting on the same PC?
What is the difference between Narrow-SCSI and Wide-SCSI?
What is SAS?
What are the three main reasons for using RAID?
Is RAID 0 considered to be a redundant Solution? Why?
How many disks can be used for RAID 1?
How RAID 5 works?
What is the smallest number of disks required for RAID5?
What other types of RAID do you know?
What are the six steps for laser printing?
What is the difference between PCI-EX x1 and PCI-EX x16?
Microsoft-based Operating Systems

What is the difference between a workgroup and a domain?


What are the major advantages of working in a domain model?
What types of operating system installation methods do you know?
What is an answer file?
How would you create an answer file for Windows XP? How would you create one for Windows
Vista?
How do you perform an unattended installation on Windows XP?
What is Sysprep?
How do you use Sysprep?
What is the major difference between Newsid and Sysprep?
What is the function of the pagefile.sys file?
What is the function of the hiberfil.sys file?
What is the Registry?
How can you edit the Registry? Name at least 3 ways of doing that.
What should you do if you receive a message stating: "The following file is missing or corrupt:
'WINDOWS'SYSTEM32'CONFIG'SYSTEM"?
How would you repair an unsuccessful driver update?
When should you use each of the fallowing tools: System Restore, LKGC and Recovery
Console?
How do you set different print priority for different users?
How can you reset user's passwords if you don't know his current password?
What's the difference between changing a user's password and resetting it?
You want to grant a user the right to perform backups should you add him to the administrators
group?
What is MMC?
What is gpedit.msc?
How would you use the MMC to manage other servers on your network?
You set a local policy for your Stand-alone XP Professional would the local policy effects the
administrators group?
What new in the Windows Vista Local Policy?
What is the difference between User Privileges and User Permissions?
What is Safe Mode?
Which logs can be found in Event Viewer?
What is msconfig? On which OS can it be found?
Can you upgrade XP Home Edition to Server 2003?
Which permission will you grant a user for a folder he need to be able to create and delete files
in, if you do not want him to be able to change permissions for the folder?
What is the difference between clearing the "allow" permission and checking the "deny"?
Networking

What is a NIC?
What is a MAC Address?
When would you use a crosslink cable?
What are the main advantages and disadvantages of Fiber-Optic-based networks?
What is the difference between a Hub and a Switch?
On which OSI layer can a router be found?
What is CSMA/CD?
What is multicast?
What is Broadcast?
What is the difference between TCP and UDP?
Describe some of the settings that are added by TCP and by UDP to the packet's header.
What are TCP Ports? Name a few.
What is a TCP Session?
What three elements make up a socket?
What will happen if you leave the default gateway information empty while manually
configuring TCP/IP?
What will happen if you execute the following command: "arp d *"?
What is ICMP?
When would you use the ping command with the "-t" switch?
What command-line tool would help you discover for which port numbers your computer is
listening?
What is APIPA? How would you recognize it?
What is a Cyclic Redundancy Check?
What would you type in at a command prompt to view the IP settings for the computer that you
are sitting at?
What command would you type in at a command prompt to view the IP address of the remote
computer?
What is the W Value for class B?
What is the Net ID of an IP Address of 18.9.25.3 with Subnet Mask of 255.0.0.0?
What is CIDR?
What is 255.255.255.255 used for?
What is the maximum number of hosts for a Class B Network?
What is the (default) class type of 195.152.12.1?
What is the subnet mask for 10.0.10.1/17?
What is the result when changing from a subnet mask of 255.255.224.0 to a subnet mask of
255.255.240.0?
How can you access a shared folder from a remote computer? Name at least 3 methods.
=====================================================================
====================

Technical Interview Questions - Windows Server 2008/R2 TS/RDS

What is presentation virtualization?


Describe the benefits of using TS/RDS.
Describe the drawbacks of using TS/RDS.
Describe the main TS role services in Windows Server 2008.
Describe the main RDS role services in Windows Server 2008 R2.
What are the major changes between the Windows Server 2008 TS and the Windows Server 2008
R2 RDS roles in relation to Windows Server 2003 TS.
...
What is the TS/RDS Session Host?
What are the benefits of using 64-bit hardware and OS vs. using the 32-bit version?
Describe your experience in using TS/RDS.
How can you configure TS/RDS session limits? Describe a couple of methods.
What is GPO Loopback Processing?
How do you standardize user profiles and settings across a TS/RDS farm?
What are the major drawbacks of using Roaming User Profiles?
Working with Outlook on TS/RDS, what can you tell me about using cached modes?
How do you install applications on a TS/RDS Session Host? Describe a couple of methods.
What are the TS/RDS command line management tools?
How would you achieve high availability with RD Session Hosts?
What is "Virtual Machine Redirection" and when would it be used?
...
Talk about TS/RDS licensing.
Is there any difference in RDS licensing in Windows Server 2008 R2?
What is the licensing grace period?
Where would you install the RD Licensing server? Talk about small implementation and large
implementation scenarios.
...
What is RDS RemoteApp?
Describe the benefits of using RDS RemoteApp.
How do you publish a RemoteApp?
What's the difference between using .RDP files and .MSI files when publishing a RemoteApp to
the users' desktops?
In Windows 7, it's possible to use RemoteApp in conjunction with RDS Web Access in a different
manner. Can you describe this process?
Needing to control which users get access to which RemoteApp. How can you do that?
Describe the way RemoteApps integrate with the Windows desktop.
Besides RemoteApp, what other ways or software lifecycle management solutions are you aware
of?
Talk about digital signatures and their relevance to RemoteApp publishing.
...
What is RDS Web Access?
Describe the benefits of using RDS Web Access.
Talk about the implementation scenarios of RDS Web Access.
Describe the process of securing RDS Web Access.
How would you publish an RDS Web Access site?
Can you use Web Access with other Microsoft-based solutions? Name a few.
What's the alternative for using RDS Web Access?
Talk about digital signatures in relation to RDS Web Access.
How can you control who has access to the RDS Web Access website?
What would you do in order to publish RemoteApps from multiple RD Session Hosts through
one RD Web Access server?
What would you do in order to publish RemoteApps from multiple RD Session Hosts through
one RD Web Access server?
...
What's RDS Gateway?
What are the main usage scenarios for RDS Gateway?
What are RAPs?
What are CAPs?
Describe the process of securing RDS Gateway.
Talk about digital signatures in relation to RDS Gateway.
What type of RD clients can be used with RD Gateway?
...
What is the RD Session Broker?
What was the original role of the RD Session Broker, and what where the names this role used in
previous versions of Terminal Services?
When would you need to implement a RD Session Broker?
Talk about RD Session Broker and VDI.
Talk about the entire process of using all RDS components along with RS Session Broker.
How would you achieve high availability with RD Session Brokers?
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Technical Interview Questions - Windows Server 2008/R2 Hyper-V and Virtualization

What is virtualization (in general)?


What are the 4 major virtualization areas?
Describe the major benefits of Server Virtualization.
What is the difference between hosted virtualization and hypervisor-based virtualization?
What's the idea behind Type 1 and Type 2 methods of virtualization?
Talk briefly about the history of Microsoft-based virtualization products.
What is Hyper-V?
Name a few competitive products that can be compared (even roughly) with Hyper-V.
What are the major differences between Hyper-V RTM and Hyper-V R2? Name some of the
major differences.
What are the hardware requirements for Hyper-V?
How many logical CPUs does Hyper-V R2 support?
How much RAM can be assigned to VMs in Hyper-V R2?
What's Microsoft Hyper-V Server?
Describe the process of installing Hyper-V from scratch on a brand new Dell R710 machine.
...
What types of network connections does Hyper-V allow?
When building a new Hyper-V host, what would your networking considerations be?
Why is it important to leave one physical NIC for the host OS?
Talk about MAC address ranges and potential issues with Hyper-V RTM. How was this solved in
R2?
...
What are the different virtual disk options in Hyper-V?
When considering performance, what type 0f virtual disk would you use?
What are pass-through disks?
Talk about hot adding and hot removing disks in Hyper-V R2.
What are VM snapshots?
Talk about performance considerations and other "issues" with VM snapshots.
What's the difference between applying, deleting and reverting to snapshots?
...
Describe the process of creating a new VM from scratch.
Where does Hyper-V place the files and settings for VMs, by default? How do you change that?
What are synthetic drivers?
What are emulated drivers?
When creating a new VM that'll run Windows Server 2008, what type of NIC would you create?
Following the previous question, what type of NIC would you create for a WIN PE-based VM?
Why?
Migrating a Windows Server 2003 VM from Virtual Server 2005, what type of NIC would you
need to use?
Creating a new VM, what type of disk controller would you need to use for the VM's system
disk?
...
What are Integration Components?
Talk about certain issues with hosting DCs virtually.
What are "Enlightened Partitions"?
What OSs are supported on Hyper-V?
What types of backups can you use for VMs?
Talk about performing backups of VMs and VSS.
How do you export a VM? Mention a couple of methods.
...
Talk about domain membership considerations for Hyper-V hosts.
Where can you manage Hyper-V hosts from?
What is RSAT?
How would you manage Hyper-V from a Windows 7-based machine?
Talk about permission issues in regards of managing Hyper-V hosts.
What is AZMAN?
...
Talk about the licensing benefits of Hyper-V under the various editions of Windows Server 2008.
Wanting to create a failover cluster on 2 Hyper-V nodes in Windows Server 2008 R2, what
edition of Windows would you prefer? Why?
...
Talk about Hyper-V-based high availability.
What's Quick Migration?
What's Live Migration?
Talk about downtime issues with Quick Migration vs. Live Migration.
Talk about the steps needed to be taken in order to setup a Live Migration setup.
What is CSV?
Can you create a Live Migration setup without CSV? Explain.
Mention a few methods for initiating a Live Migration movement of VMs between one host and
another.
...
How do you monitor the performance of your VMs?
How do you know how much memory a specific VM uses?
How do you know what's the I/O used on a Hyper-V host?
How do you monitor the bandwidth used by a specific VM?
Talk about SCVMM, SCOM, SCCM and Hyper-V.
Talk about WMI and Hyper-V.

===========================================================
Interview Questions And Answers related to system administrator

In today's dynamic IT world many people might find themselves in the position where they are
now looking to get a new or better job than they had up to that point in time. Getting your foot
into door is hard enough, and for that you need well-written CV, not to mention ability to make a
good first impression on the potential phone conversation you might get. However, getting the
foot in the door is just the first step of actually getting the job. In most cases you should now
expect to be interviewed by an experienced IT Professional, perhaps even the same one that
you're going to replace, or the one you're going to work under.
A system administrator, systems administrator, or sysadmin, is a person employed to maintain
and operate a computer system and/or network. System administrators may be members of an
information technology (IT) or Electronics and Communication Engineering department.
The duties of a system administrator are wide-ranging, and vary widely from one organization to
another. Sysadmins are usually charged with installing, supporting, and maintaining servers or
other computer systems, and planning for and responding to service outages and other problems.
Other duties may include scripting or light programming, project management for systems-
related projects, supervising or training computer operators, and being the consultant for
computer problems beyond the knowledge of technical support staff. To perform his or her job
well, a system administrator must demonstrate a blend of technical skills and responsibility.
Interview Questions and answers:
1. Secure services in your network require reverse name resolution to make it more difficult to
launch successful attacks against in the services. To set this up, you have to configure a reverse
lookup zone and proceed to add records. Which record types do you need to create?
To configure a reverse lookup zone and proceed to add records PTR Records should be created
2. What is the main purpose of a DNS server?
DNS servers are used to resolve FQDN hostnames into IP addresses and vice versa
3. SOA records must be included in every zone. What are they used for?
SOA records contain a TTL value, used by the default in all resource records in the zone. SOA
records contain the e-mail address of the person who is responsible for maintaining the zone.
SOA records contain the current serial number of the zone, which is used in zone transfer.
4. By default, if the name is not found in the cache or local hosts file, what is the first step in the
client takes to resolve the FQDN name into an IP address?
Performs a recursive search through the primary DNS server based on the network interface
configuration
5. What is the main purpose of SRV records?
SRV records are used in locating the hosts that provide certain network services.
6. Before installing your first domain controller in the network, you installed a DNS server and
created a zone, naming it as you would name your AD domain. However, after the installation of
the domain controller, you are unable to locate infrastructure SRV records anywhere in the zone.
And what is the most likely cause of this failure?
The zone you created was not configured to allow dynamic updates. The local interface on the
DNS server was not configured to allow any dynamic updates.
7. Which of the following conditions should be satisfied to configure dynamic DNS updates for
legacy clients?
The zone to be used for dynamic updates must be configured to allow dynamic updates. The
DHCP server must support, and be configured to allow, dynamic updates for legacy clients.
8. At some point during the name resolution process, the requesting party received authoritative
reply. Which further actions are likely to be taken after this reply?
After receiving the authoritative reply, the resolution process is effectively over.
9. Your company uses ten domain controllers, three of which are also used as DNS servers. You
have one companywide AD-integrated zone, which contains several thousand resource records.
This zone also allows dynamic updates, and it is critical to keep this zone up-to-date.
Replication between domain controllers takes up a significant amount of bandwidth. You are
looking to cut bandwidth usage for the purpose of replication. What should you do?
Change the replication scope to all DNS servers in the domain.
10. You are administering a network connected to the Internet. Your users complain that
everything is slow. Preliminary research of the problem indicates that it takes a considerable
amount of time to resolve names of resources on the Internet. What is the most likely reason for
this?
DNS servers are not caching replies.. Local client computers are not caching replies The
cache.dns file may have been corrupted on the server.
11. What is the use of IGMP protocol?
Internet Group Management Protocol: It allows internet hosts to participate in multi casting. The
IGMP messages are used to learn which host is part of which multi cast groups. The mechanism
also allows the host to inform its local router, that it wants to receive messages.
12. What experience do you have with hardware components?
Installation and replacement are some of the most frequently performed operations with
hardware. Sometimes a system administrator might need to rebuild a hardware component.
13. Give an example of systems you have been working with as an administrator?
These typically are: Windows and Linux which support either Asset Management or GIS. Typical
duties included engineering, support and maintenance, and research for the purpose of innovation
and upgrading.
14. What are the personal characteristics of a great system administrator?
Great system administrators are experts at handling hardware and software. They are quick with
both their hands and their head. They can work alone, but they know when and how to
communicate with others, whether to report problems, learn information needed to fix problems,
or instruct employees regarding technical issues
15. What do characteristics like assertiveness and problem solving play role in the career of a
system administrator?
Analytical thinking and problem solving is crucial to be able to analyze software or hardware
malfunction. They are also necessary to be able to improve or upgrade systems so they suit
company needs. Assertiveness also plays a role because administrators have to make decisions.
They decide on solutions, security measures, and things like system upgrades.
16. Is team-work part of a system administrators typical day?
Administrators are typically called in to offer technical support for teams working a project.
Support might mean technical troubleshooting or the development and explanation of
technological strategy with regards to the projectgoals and means.
17. What are the required components of Windows Server 2003 for installing Exchange 2003?
The required components are ASP.NET, SMTP, NNTP, W3SVC.
18. What must be done to an AD forest before Exchange can be deployed?
The Setup /forestprep has to be made before the exchange can be deployed.
19. What Exchange process is responsible for communication with AD?
The DSACCESS process is responsible for communication with AD.
20. What 3 types of domain controller does Exchange access?
Normal Domain Controller, Global Catalog, Configuration Domain Controller.
21. What connector type would you use to connect to the Internet, and what are the two methods
of sending mail over that connector?
SMTP Connector: Forward to smart host or use DNS to route to each address
22. How would you optimise Exchange 2003 memory usage on a Windows Server 2003 server
with more than 1 GB of memory?
dd /3Gb switch to boot.ini
23. What would a rise in remote queue length generally indicate?
This means mail is not being sent to other servers. This can be explained by outages or
performance issues with the network or remote servers
24. What would a rise in the Local Delivery queue generally mean?
This indicates a performance issue or outage on the local server. Reasons could be slowness in
consulting AD, slowness in handing messages off to local delivery or SMTP delivery. It could
also be databases being dismounted or a lack of disk space.
25. What are the standard port numbers for SMTP, POP3, IMAP4, RPC, LDAP and Global
Catalog?
SMTP 25, POP3 110, IMAP4 143, RPC 135, LDAP 389, Global Catalog 3268.
26. Name the process names for the following: System Attendant?
MAD.EXE, Information Store STORE.EXE, SMTP/POP/IMAP/OWA INETINFO.EXE.
27. What is the maximum amount of databases that can be hosted on Exchange 2003 Enterprise?
The maximum amount of databases that can be hosted is 20 databases. 4 SGs x 5 DBs.
28. What are the disadvantages of circular logging?
In the event of a corrupt database, data can only be restored to the last backup.
Technical Interview Questions Networking:
What is an IP address?
What is a subnet mask?
What is ARP?
What is ARP Cache Poisoning?
What is the ANDing process?
What is a default gateway? What happens if I don't have one?
Can a workstation computer be configured to browse the Internet and yet NOT have a default
gateway?
What is a subnet?
What is APIPA?
What is an RFC? Name a few if possible (not necessarily the numbers, just the ideas behind
them)
What is RFC 1918?
What is CIDR?
You have the following Network ID: 192.115.103.64/27. What is the IP range for your network?
You have the following Network ID: 131.112.0.0. You need at least 500 hosts per network. How
many networks can you create? What subnet mask will you use?
You need to view at network traffic. What will you use? Name a few tools
How do I know the path that a packet takes to the destination?
What does the ping 192.168.0.1 -l 1000 -n 100 command do?
What is DHCP? What are the benefits and drawbacks of using it?
Describe the steps taken by the client and DHCP server in order to obtain an IP address.
What is the DHCPNACK and when do I get one? Name 2 scenarios.
What ports are used by DHCP and the DHCP clients?
Describe the process of installing a DHCP server in an AD infrastructure.
What is DHCPINFORM?
Describe the integration between DHCP and DNS.
What options in DHCP do you regularly use for an MS network?
What are User Classes and Vendor Classes in DHCP?
How do I configure a client machine to use a specific User Class?
What is the BOOTP protocol used for, where might you find it in Windows network
infrastructure?
DNS zones describe the differences between the 4 types.
DNS record types describe the most important ones.
Describe the process of working with an external domain name
Describe the importance of DNS to AD.
Describe a few methods of finding an MX record for a remote domain on the Internet.
What does "Disable Recursion" in DNS mean?
What could cause the Forwarders and Root Hints to be grayed out?
What is a "Single Label domain name" and what sort of issues can it cause?
What is the "in-addr.arpa" zone used for?
What are the requirements from DNS to support AD?
How do you manually create SRV records in DNS?
Name 3 benefits of using AD-integrated zones.
What are the benefits of using Windows 2003 DNS when using AD-integrated zones?
You installed a new AD domain and the new (and first) DC has not registered its SRV records in
DNS. Name a few possible causes.
What are the benefits and scenarios of using Stub zones?
What are the benefits and scenarios of using Conditional Forwarding?
What are the differences between Windows Clustering, Network Load Balancing and Round
Robin, and scenarios for each use?
How do I work with the Host name cache on a client computer?
How do I clear the DNS cache on the DNS server?
What is the 224.0.1.24 address used for?
What is WINS and when do we use it?
Can you have a Microsoft-based network without any WINS server on it? What are the
"considerations" regarding not using WINS?
Describe the differences between WINS push and pull replications.
What is the difference between tombstoning a WINS record and simply deleting it?
Name the NetBIOS names you might expect from a Windows 2003 DC that is registered in
WINS.
Describe the role of the routing table on a host and on a router.
What are routing protocols? Why do we need them? Name a few.
What are router interfaces? What types can they be?
In Windows 2003 routing, what are the interface filters?
What is NAT?
What is the real difference between NAT and PAT?
How do you configure NAT on Windows 2003?
How do you allow inbound traffic for specific hosts on Windows 2003 NAT?
What is VPN? What types of VPN does Windows 2000 and beyond work with natively?
What is IAS? In what scenarios do we use it?
What's the difference between Mixed mode and Native mode in AD when dealing with RRAS?
What is the "RAS and IAS" group in AD?
What are Conditions and Profile in RRAS Policies?
What types or authentication can a Windows 2003 based RRAS work with?
How does SSL work?
How does IPSec work?
How do I deploy IPSec for a large number of computers?
What types of authentication can IPSec use?
What is PFS (Perfect Forward Secrecy) in IPSec?
How do I monitor IPSec?
Looking at IPSec-encrypted traffic with a sniffer. What packet types do I see?
What can you do with NETSH?
How do I look at the open ports on my machine?

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