Job satisfaction; positive attitude or emotional state that results from appraisal

of one's job or job experience.

Hawthorne effect; a change in behavior or attitudes that was the simple result of
increased attention.
Criticism;
- Methodological shortcomings
- Misinterpretation of results

Key to satisfaction;
- Interesting work, challenge, autonomy
- Informal, group feeling 'social factor'
- Personalized attention
- Good working and employment conditions

Findings; Satisfaction is high

Low correlation between satisfaction and performance
Explanations;
1. Bssing/Bruggeman;
Differnt forms of job satisfaction
- Different ways to assess/report satisfaction
- Not all forms are linked to job performance

Progressive job satisfaction; adjust the expectations upwards

Stabalized work satisfaction; be happy with same expectations

2. Weiss;
Job satisfaction is assessed in a wrong way
- Satisfaction is defined as a feeling or emotional state, but is
assessed as a attitude

Mood - feeling not identified with particular stimulus and not intense to
interrupt ongoing thought processes
Emotion - effect or feeling, experienced in a reaction to an event or
thought, together with physiological changes
Important for flexibility in brain process, cooperation and creativity.

Origin mood and emotion;

- External events - happenings
- Predispositions (aangeboren), natural tendency
- Selfevaluations
Core self-evaluations
- Self-esteem
- Self-efficacy
- Locus of control
- Neuroticism
- Life satisfactions
- Perceptions of work characteristics
- Job satisfaction

Keep someone motivated:

- Challenging job
- Positive relations at work
- Personal attention
- Enhance positive self evaluations

Work Stress
Originates from:
- Work demands
Work pressure
 Emotional job demands
Job insecurity
Aggression, bullyig, mobbing
- Work resources
Job control
Tools to work with
Social support from colleagues
Opportunities for growth or personal development
- Work-family conflict
Balance work-private life

Changes at work;
- Work demands mental and emotional rather than physical
- Increase in time pressure and deadlines
- Need to combine work and private life

Consequences;
- Complaints related to mental strain, headache
- Incapacity and being absent

What is work stress?

- Terminology from technology;
External pressure that is put on a person 'stressors' resulting in a specific
tension 'strain' (stress reaction)
Till a certain level, person can deal with it
Limit of tolerance is dependent upon personal and situational factors
- Causes
Physical/task stressors
Noise, heat, cold, heavy labour
Work pace, work load, work hours
Phychological stressors
Lack of control
Interpersonal conflict
Role stressors
- Ambiguity, conflict and/or overload
Work-family conflict
Emotional labour
- Consequences
Physical
Headache, heart failure
Psychological
Burnout, mental exhaustion
Behavioral
Task performance, absent

Work stress moderators

- Personal resources
Self-esteem
Locus of control
Hardiness
Type A behavioral pattern
- Situational resources
Social support
Job characteristics
Feedback

Theories about stress

1. Demand-control model (Karasek, 1979)
 Two factors determining work stress;
- Job demands
- Control
2. Person-Environment Fit Model
The extent to which a person experiences stress is dependent upon the fit
between person and environment;
- Perception of demands
- Perception of ability to satisfy these demands

Stress management
- Aimed at
Stressors (primary prevention) - Adaption of work situation - Change thought
patterns
Response (secondary prevention) - Enhancing coping skills
Consequences (tertiary prevention) - Curing of consequences

Balance between work demands and resources!

- Eliminate stressors
- Increase resources
- Enhance coping skills

Justice/fairness at work; perceived justice of a situation or relation

1. Distributive justice
Justice of allocation of rewards
2. Procedural justice
Fairness of process or procedure (strongly influenced by voice; possibility
of challenging an outcome)
3. Interactional justice
Extent to which employees feel respected by employer
- Interpersonal - Treatment of employees
- Informational - Communication concerning procedures and results