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Data-analysis;
- Descriptive statistics
- Statistics that summarize, organize and describe a sample of data.
- Measure of tendency;
- Mean ; Average (sum of all scores divided by the sample size.
- Mode ; Most common or frequent score in distribution.
- Median ; Middle score - value separating the higher half from the
lower half.
- Variability ; The extent to which scores in a distribution vary.
- Variance, standard deviation (SD).
- Distribution ; Skewness.
- Positive/negative.
- Left/right.
- Inferential statistics
- Statistics used to aid the researcher in testing hypotheses and making
inferences from the sample to the population.
- Differences between groups
- Strength of association between variables
- Statistical significance;
- Indicates probability of getting the observed data.
- Statistical power;
- Likelihood of finding a statistically significant difference when a
true difference exists.
- Power decreases with smaller samples.
Levels of measurements;
- Nominal ; Labels, no order. Equality, differentiation, characteristic.
- Ordinal ; There is an order. Difference between the orders do not matter.
- Interval ; Distance between scores is meaningful, intervals are equal, no
fixed zero point.
- Ratio ; Fixed zero point.