Management Information System

Management:

According to Henri Fayol, "to manage is to forecast and to plan, to organize, to command, to
co-ordinate and to control."

Fredmund Malik defines it as "the transformation of resources into utility."

Management (or managing) is the administration of an organization, whether it is a business, a

not-for-profit organization, or government body. Management includes the activities of setting
the strategy of an organization and coordinating the efforts of its employees (or of volunteers) to
accomplish its objectives through the application of available resources, such as financial, natural,
technological, and human resources. The term "management" may also refer to those people who
manage an organization.

Management Functions:

Management operates through five basic functions: planning, organizing, coordinating,

commanding, and controlling.

1. Planning: Deciding what needs to happen in the future and generating plans for action
(deciding in advance).
2. Organizing (or staffing): Making sure the human and nonhuman resources are put into
place.
3. Coordinating: Creating a structure through which an organization's goals can be
accomplished.
4. Commanding (or leading): Determining what must be done in a situation and getting
people to do it.
5. Controlling: Checking progress against plans.
Management Roles:

Interpersonal: roles that involve coordination and interaction with employees

Informational: roles that involve handling, sharing, and analyzing information

Decision: roles that require decision-making

Management Skills:

Management skills include:

1. Political: Used to build a power base and to establish connections

2. Conceptual: Used to analyze complex situations
3. Interpersonal: Used to communicate, motivate, mentor and delegate
4. Diagnostic: Ability to visualize appropriate responses to a situation
5. Leadership: Ability to lead and to provide guidance to a specific group
6. Technical: Expertise in one's particular functional area.