CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Situation analysis

Beef cattle is one of the animal protein sources to fulfill national nutrition needs.
Total of beef cattle needs in Indonesia during 2017 was estimated 604.966 tons, based on
the average of national consumption 2,31 kg/year per capita. The domestic target of beef
production in 2017 is 354.770 tons (Badan Ketahanan Pangan, 2017), so the deficiency is
250.196 tons. The local beef production does not fulfill the demand. Due to the
deficiency, the Indonesian government strategy is importing around 35% of the total
national beef needs (Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan, 2017).
The Indonesia government has efforts to create the healthy meat availability at
affordable prices which are already contained in food self-sufficiency roadmap. This
roadmap is a structured transformation effort, implemented in stages and long term. The
Ministry of Agriculture has set up the strategic programs to increase domestic beef
supply. First, increase the acceleration of cattle population at the level of farmers, by
making mandatory female cattle should be pregnant (UPSUS SIWAB) with the target of
4 million heads of acceptors and 3 million head of pregnant cows in 2017. Second,
strengthening breed aspect to produce the superior breed with the best quality. Third,
increase the imported parent. Fourth, development of the forages (HPT). Fifth, the
handling of reproductive disorders. Sixth, rescue productive female cattle. Seventh,
prevention and eradication of animal diseases.
The government programs are expected that will be an increase in the productivity
of local cattle. Based on the analysis of the Directorate General of Livestock, in 2017, the
local provisioning ability is up to 93% or increase 68% from the previous year. Imports
are expected decreased to 7% or equal to 29,329 tons of the total demand. the
institutional aspect of livestock business will increase as much as 40 percent. To achieve
this aspect, there will be an action plan to increase the performance of local cattle
population from 14.8 million to 33.9 million heads or an increase of 1.9 million tons per
year. The increasing can be synchronized with increasing the local beef production
capacity of 442.2 thousand tons to 792.17 thousand tons.
Bali cattle (Bibos javanicus) is one of the local cattle which is the domestication of
bull (Bibos banteng). It is one of the genetic resources that have high economic value and
could adapt to the hot tropical climate. The superiority of Bali cattle compared to the
other is the ability to use the forages that have high fiber, efficient in production
performance with the high number of pregnancy and birth rate around 80%, the
increasing body weight of bull could reach 0.7 kg/day, and the percentage of carcasses
around 59,8% (Purwantara, Noor, Andersson, & Rodriguez-Martinez, 2012).
Bull was an ancestor Bali cattle, has black body color and brown for female cattle,
white underside (stomach), white four-legs at the lower part (white stocking), and
quantitative characteristics like body weight, body length, chest girth, and withers height.
Bali is the central development of Bali cattle. Bali cattle population are develop half
thearchipelagoes. The population of Bali cattle in Indonesia about 2.632.000 heads so it
could support national needs (Martojo, 2012).
 Bali Cattle National Breeding Cetre (BPTU-HPT) is one of the government
institutions that developing the sustainability of good Bali cattle genetic resources.
Directorate General of Livestock and Animal Health Services Denpasar Bali Cattle
National Breeding Cetre (BPTU-HPT) has main programs such as maintenance,
production, breeding, sustainability, development, deployment, and distribution of Bali
cattle and forage production. BPTU-HPT Denpasar applies the quality management
system that qualified to national standardization that can be seen in the breeding center.
BPTU-HPT Denpasar is one of the government institutions that provide internship
program. The internship program implemented at BPTU-Denpasar aims to improve the
knowledge through technical breeding training, forage development training (HPT) and
animal health handling. Especially to improve the productivity and genetic quality of
Bali cattle in Indonesia which is expected to improve their capabilities by knowing the
breeding management of Bali cattle at BPTU-HPT Denpasar.
1.2 Problems
How is the breeding scheme of Bali cattle at BPTU-HPT Denpasar at
Pangyangan, Pekutatan, Jembrana, Bali.

1.3 Purposes
Internship purpose are:
1) Improving knowledge about the management of Balinese cow breeding schemes
implemented at Denpasar BPTU-HPT.
2) Preparing the skills of students to work outside of college based on knowledge and
technology.
3) Improving skill of student to conduct situation analysis.
4) Prepare students to have management skills in the specific aspects of the livestock
company.
1.4 Advantages
The advantages of internship are:
1) Improve the understanding of the student about how to think actual and logic also
discipline in work.
2) Maturing the mindset of the student to do the analysis and problem solving
scientifically.
3) Improving the skill and work experience in animal husbandry sector.
4) Prepared the student to be an innovator and problem solver especially to increase the
local livestock production such as Bali cattle.