zflGt sL vf]h

n]vs zflGt sL vf]h

n] v s M 8f= laGb]Zj/ k|;fb ofbj
8f= laGb]Zj/ k|;fb ofbj ;jf{lwsf/ M n]vsdf
k|sfzg;+:s/0f M lj=;+=@)^#k|yd
k|sflzt k|lt M !))) k|lt
sDo'6/ ;]l6 M lqmPl6e l8hfO{g;{ P08 leGt'gf 8]S;6k,
5qkf6L, sf7df8f},+ kmf]g M$@^)#$!
k|sfzs M zflGt / ljsf;sfnflu dw]z k|lti7fg
ISBN : 9789994624966
d"No M ?=#% dfq
Shanti Ki Khoj
by Dr. Bindeshwar Prasad Yadav
Madhesh Foundation for Peace and Development
P.O. Box No. 13986, Kathmandu, Nepal
zflGt / ljsf;sfnflu dw]z k|lti7fg Email : info@madhesh.org.np
website : www.madhesh.org.np

;dlk{t
dfgjclwsf/ tyf ;To Gofo k] cfwfl/t
;Qf ;xeflutf x]t' n8gj] fn]
ljZj s] axfb'/f] sf]
k|:tfjgf
ckgL d]l8sn lzIff ;dfKt s/g] s] kZrft\ gf}s/L s] bf}/fg
kxnL kf]:6L+u ;g\ !(*$ -@)$! lj=;+=_ d]+ d'em] uf]/vf hfgf k8f . oxf
k|sl[ t sL ;'Gb/tf, df};d sL axf/ g clws udL{, g clws ;bL{, nf]uf]+
sL ;/ntf cf}/ ;xhtf d]/] dg k/ cld6 5fk 5f]8 uoL . ha seL
sf7df8f}+ pkTosf cft] b]/ /ft hfg] ts Go"/f]8, /Tgkfs{, of cGo
:yfg k/ cs]n] cfg] hfg] d]+ ls;L t/x sf eo cg'ej g xf]tf . gf}s/L
s] bf}/fg aLtL lj;jL ztfAbL s] c+ltd jiff]+{ d]+ ;Nofg cf}/ h'Dnf uof .
jxf a]jhx lx+;f sL 36gfP ;'gg] sf] ldntL tyf ckgL ;'/Iff k/ Wofg
b]g] s] lnP k'ln;k|zf;g Pj+ cGo ldqu0ff] f/f k/fdz{ k|fKt xf]t] . b]/
/ft ts afx/ /xgf ;'/Iff s] b[li6sf]0f ;] cR5f gxL+ dfgf hftf .
a9t] ;do s] ;fy huxhux k/ lgbf]i{ f nf]uf]+ sL xTof xf]g]
nuL . b]z eo, Oiof{ cf}/ lx+;f s] rk]6 d]+ rnf uof . g]kfn afn ;}lgs
s] b]z s] ?kd] hfgf hfg] nuf . b]z s] gful/s b]z d]+ jt{dfg
cGoflos ;Qf sf] abng] s] lnP uf]na+b xf] uP hf] dfcf]jfbL ;d"x s]
?k d]+ hfg] hfg] nu] . pgsf ljZjf; /xf lx+;f ;] ;Qf kl/jQ{g . eo
sf cft+s P];f /xf ls rfxt] x'P eL sf]O{ JolQm ;Qf kl/jQ{g s] lnP
clx+;f sf dfu{, ;Tofu|x sf /f:tf ckgfg] sL ;nfx g b] ;sf . O{:jL
;Dat @))^ -lj=;+= @)^#_ d]+ ;Qf kl/jQ{g x'cf . n]lsg nf]uf]+ s] dg
d]+ lx+;f, eo cf}/ O{iof{ sL efjgf d]+ sf]O{ kl/jQ{g g xf] ;sf . O;L aLr
g]kfn sL cfwL cfafbL jfnf dw]zL ;d'bfo, ckg] dfgjLo clwsf/f]+ s]
lnP ;+3if{ hf/L s/ lbof . eo, O{iof{ cf}/ lx+;f sL 36gfcf]+ ;] o'jf
dl:tis sf] lx+;f ;] clx+;f sL cf]/, O{iof{ ;] ;xof]u sL cf]/, gkm/t ;]
k|d
] sL cf]/ df]8g] s] lnP d]/f Ps gGxf ;f k|of; x} zf+lt sL vf]h
O;d]+ dxfTdf uf+wL s] clx+;fTds cfGbf]ng cf}/ ;Tofu|x sL rrf{ x}
lh;s] hl/o] blIf0f ck|mLsf d]+ ef/tLod"n s] nf]uf] sf] clwsf/ ldn]
tyf ef/t c+uh ]| L ;fd|fHo ;] :jt+q xf] uof . clx+;f k|d
] cf}/ zflGt s]
lnP ;Rrf cf}/ cr"s ky x} uf+wLhL sf c6"6 ljZjf; yf . j] sxt]
y] dfgjhflt clx+;f s] f/f xL lx+;f ;] d'lQm kf ;stL x} .
pgsf kljq ;+bz ] yf 3[0ff k/ k|d
] ;] xL ljho k|fKt sL hf
;stL x}, cfu] sxt] kxn] x[bo cf}/ xfy -efjgfljrf/ cf}/ sd{_ sf] ljifo;"rL
z'4kljq agfcf], lkm/ Gofo ;f/L b'lgof ;] df+uf] . pgs] atfP clx+;f,
k|d
] cf}/ ;Tofu|x s] /f:t] k/ rns/ ax't ;] b]z :jt+q xf] uP . tf] Sof qm=;+= ljifo k]h g+=
g]kfn d]+ ;Qf kl/jQ{g, cf}/ dfgjLo clwsf/f]+ sL k|flKt clx+;fTds != kl/ro !
cfGbf]ng cf}/ cfk;L k|d ] ;b\efj ;] gxL+ cf ;stL cjZo cf ;stL @= zflGt sL vf]h #
x} . l;k{m cfjZoStf x} ckg] cfTdan cf}/ clx+;fTds k|d ] sf] b[9ljZjf;
;] hf]8g] sL . xd] ljZjf; x} ls ox gGxf pkxf/ o'jfcf]+ s] dl:tis d]+ #= lx+;fcft+s sf b]z g]kfn ^
clx+;f cf}/ k|d ] f/f clwsf/ k|flKt s] b[9 ljrf/f]+ sf] ;kmntfk"js { $= g]kfn cft+s sf hGdbftf sf}g < *
e/]uf . %= kl/jt{g ky !#
cGt d] O; k':ts s] tof/L s] qmd d] ;xof]u s/g]jfn] k|f=8f=
ljZjgfy cu|jfn, k|f=8f= ljdn gf/fo0f k|;fb u'Ktf, 8f= /fdb]j l;+x, ^= clx+;fTds ;Tofu|x g]kfn s] ;Gbe{ d]+ !^
k|f=8f= /fd k|;fb rf}w/L, >L uf]kfn 7fs'/, >L ljqmd dl0f lqkf7L, >L &= clx+;fTds ;Tofu|x g]kfn d] Sof]+ < @%
wd]G{ b| emf, >L /fd gf/fo0f b]j nufot cGo ;eL dxfg'efj nf]uf] sf] *= b]z sL d"nwf/ sL rfxt d]+ dw]zL @&
O; cj;/k/ wGojfb b]gf rfxtf x" .
(= ?; 6f+ ;jfn cf}/ g]kfn #^
8f= laGb]Zj/ k|;fb ofbj !)= cy{ cf}/ lj1fg o'u d]+ dfgjtfjfb $)
/fdgjdL !# r}q @)^# !!= clx+;s zlQm $%
-@& dfr{, @))&_
sf7df8f}+ . !@= uf+wLhL s] s'5 ;Daf]wg %@
O{dn
] M bpyadav66@hotmail.com !#= hgtf cf}/ /fi6 sL ;]jf %^
!$= zf]liftf]+ s] gfd %(
!%= lge{o xf] hfcf] ^!
 pGx]+ eujfg a'4 s] afb b";/f :jk|sflzt (enlighted) JolQm dfgtL x} .
lqe'jg ljZjljBfno, sf7df08f} s] s}Dk; d]+ l:yt ufwL ejg s] ;fy
ljBfly{of] f/f lsof uof b'Jo{jxf/ Sof ;To, clx+;f cf}/ k|d
] s] ;fy
b'Jo{jxf/ gxL+ x} <
kl/ro ls; t/x xdf/] dfgjLo d"Nof]+ sf x|f; xf] uof x} . s};f
bf] bzs k"j{ ljZj sf Ps clt zflGt lk|o b]z yf g]kfn . ;+sr' g xdf/] cfWoflTds u'0ff]+ sf xf] uof x} .
ko{6s, ljZj s] ;eL sf]g] ;] ;fnf]+ e/ cft] /xt] . oxf s] nf]u ckgL Sof xd seL cs]n] of ;d"x d]+ Og ljifof]+ k/ zf+tlrt xf]s/
;RrfO{ cf}/ ;/ntf s] lnP ;Ddflgt xf]t] . /fhf sf] /fHo sf Ps a8f ljrf/ s/t] x}+ < Sof xd cfTd ljZn]if0f sL cfjZoStf dx;"; s/t] x}+ <
hg;d"x eujfg sf bhf{ b]tf . g]kfn ckgL zflGt s] lnP ckg] k8f];L xdf/L lgolt Sof x} <
b]zf]+ s] hg;d'bfo aLr eL cToGt xL nf]slk|o yf . Sof x} lgolt g]kfn sL <
cfh 3[0ff cf}/ lx+;f sf ;fd|fHo ;f/] b]z d]+ JofKt x} . dfgj
dg ;] k|d ] cf}/ clx+;f nueu labf xf] r'sf x} . ;To cf}/ Gofo ;] xdf/]
;Qfwf/L ax't b"/ hf r's] x}+ . ;Qf ;+rfng sL a]Od { fgL, a'l4 sf
C0ffTds lbzf d]+ ts{, :jfy{ k/fo0ftf cf}/ ;Qf nf]nk' tf b]z sf]
ljWjG; cf}/ ljv08g s] suf/ k/ v8f s/ bL x} . /f}tx6 -uf}/_ d]+ bf]
u'6f]+ s] aLr sL em8k d] x'oL lx+;f -@( nf]uf]+ sL df}t, cg]sf] 3fon_
O; aftsf k|df0f x} ls lx+;f xdf/] dg d]+ ls; t/x ;] e/L x'oL x} . oxf
;Lwf cf}/ ;6Ls ;jfn p7tf x} ls xdf/] hLjg sf Sof p2]Zo x} < Sof
xd ckg] dte]bf]+ sf] aftrLt s] hl/P ;'nemf gxL+ ;st] < nutf x}
cfh lx+;f xL xdf/L ;eL ;d:ofcf]+ s] ;dfwfg s] lnP c:q x} . lhg
nf]uf]+ s] ;fy s'5 jif{ kxn] ts xdf/] ldqjt ;+jGw /xt] y] cfh 3[0ff
cf}/ gkm/t d]+ abn uP x}+ . ls; t/x sf dfgl;s kl/jQ{g xf] uof x}
xdf/f . nutf x} h};] xd ;+jb] gxLg cf}/ cfTdljlxg xf] r's] x}+ . cb[Zo
cfTdf ;] xdf/f ;+aw+ ljR5]b xf] r'sf x} .
/fhdxn d]+ /fh kl/jf/ sf xTof f/f ;d"n gi6, t]/x xhf/
;] clws nf]uf]+ sL dfcf]jfbL u[x o'4 d]+ xTof, dw]zL dfgj clwsf/
;+a+wL ;+3if{, hghflt, blnt, dlxnf ;d]t cGo ;d"x sL cfjfh,
;Da}wflgs /fht+q of ;Dk"0f{ u0ft+q sL dfu Sof ;+st] s/tL x} Sof
;+bz] b]tL x}
dxfTdf uf+wL ;To, clx+;f cf}/ k|]d sL k|ltd"lt{ y] cf}/ b'lgof
-!_ -@_

zf+lt sL vf]h
zf+lt xd ;a rfxt] x}+ . zf+lt sL sfdgf s/t] x}+ . /}lnof
lgsfnt] x}+ . bLk hnft] x}+ . ;efP] cfof]lht sL hftL x}+ . k|fy{gf
;ef eL xf]tL x}+ . b]j :ynf]+ d]+ b]j k"hg eL xf]t] x}+ . xd eL zf+lt
rfxt] x} . O; sfdgf ;] /}lnof] d]+ efu lnof, bLk hnfP, k|fy{gfP
sL, d+lb/f] d]+ b]j k"hg lsP . P];] tf] nfvf] g] lsP . lkm/ eL zf+lt
sf] b]z ;] b"/ efut] xL kfof . ckgL k"hfk|fy{gf sf] c;kmn b]v
cfTdf d]+ a}7] k/dfTdf ;] k"5gf z'? lsof, b]j :ynf]+ d]+ b]jf]+ ;] k"5gf
z'? lsof . ckg] cGb/ cfTdf d]+ emfss/ b]vg] sf k|of; lsof .
cf}/ kfof nutf x} h};] cGb/ sf O{Zj/ sxtf xf], b]j:yn s]
b]jb]jL sxt] x} l;km{ sfdgf, k|fy{gf, cr{gf ;] zf+lt gxL+ cftL
Sof]l+ s cft+s cf}/ czf+lt km}nfg]jfn] eL ckg] cft+s sL l;l4 x]t'
sfdgf s/t] x},+ ckg] tl/s] ;] j] eL k|fy{gf, cr{gf h};] zlQmof]+ sf
cfJxfg s/t] x}+ . zf+lt, ;To cf}/ Gofo ;xf]b/ efO{ axg x} . hxf
;To cf}/ Gofo /xt] x}+ jxL zf+lt /xtL x}+ . olb zf+lt rfxt] xf] tf]
b]z sL ljlw Joj:yf d]+ ;To cf}/ Gofo sf] kxn] :yflkt s/gf
xf]uf . g]tf, pRr clwsf/L, cGo sd{rf/L, ;dfh s] cGo a8] nf]uf]
sf] ;fdfGo hgtf s] ;fy, /fi6 cf}/ ;dfh s] ;fy ;To cf}/
Gofok"0f{ sd{Jojxf/ s/g] xf]u+ ] . ;To cf}/ Gofo sf] b]z d]+ :yflkt
s/f], zf+lt tf] :jtM cfo]uL .
ha ckg] cGb/ cGt/cfTdf d]+ emfstf x" tf] kftf x" zf+lt s]
lnP l;km{ sfdgf s/tf x" sd{ gxL+ . afx/ b]vtf x" ta ;dfrf/ kq
tyf cGo ldl8of O;sf k|df0f b]t] x}+ ls oxf tf] l;km{ zf+lt sL
sfdgf xf] /xL x}, zf+lt x]t' sd{ gxL+ . Sof+l] s O; xfn d]+ eL b]z d]+
-#_
xf] /x] e|i6frf/, c;To cf}/ cGofo sf xL af]nafnf x} . lkm/ ox
zf+lt sL sfdgf s};L <
k|fy{gfcr{gf teL ;kmn xf]tL x} ha jx ;To sd{ ;] h'8] .
;To sd{ s] j]u/} tf] k|fy{gf l;km{ Ps 5nfjf x} .
ox Ps k'/fgL sxfjt x} God helps only those who help
themselves cyf{t O{Zj/ pGxL sL dbb s/tf x} hf] ckgL dbb
:jo+ s/t] x}+ .
O; cfWoflTds cfwf/ ;] ljZn]if0f s/g] k/ ;x;f dg d]s + 5
'
k|Zg p7t] x}
!= Sof xd Xbo ;] zf+lt rfxt] x} <
@= olb xd rfxt] x}+ tf] O;s]] lnP Sof k|of; s/t] x}, lh;;]
O{Zj/ xdf/L dbb s/] <
Sof ox ;To gxL x} ls xd cfu ;] cfu a'emfg] sf k|of; s/
/x] x}+ . aGb"s sf hafa aGb"s ;] b] /x] x}+ . cft+s sf cft+s ;]
hafa xf] /xf x}+ . kl/0ffdM b]zb]zaf;L b'x/] cft+s sf] em]ng] s]
lnP afWo xf] /x] x}+ .
g]kfn sf efUo cw/ d]+ bf]nfodfg xf] /xf x}+ . g]kfn ckg]
lnP Sof s/gf rfxtf x} . g]tfu0f, /fhlglts kf6L{of, a'l4dfg
;'of]Uo g]kfnL, cf}/ g]kfnL hgtf g]kfn s] lnP Sof s/tL x}. b'lgof
b]vgf rfxtL x} .
Ps If0f s] lnP olb xd dfgj hflt s] k|f/De s] lbgf]+ sf]
sNkgf sL cfvf] ;] b]v] h};f ls Oltxf; eL atftf x} ha j]
h+unf] d]+ /xt] y] . g tf] sf]O{ b]z sL ;Ldf yL, g sf]O{ zf;s yf,
g sf]O{ b]z zfl;t . g sf]O{ wd{ yf, g sf]O{ ju{ e]b . h};] h};]
dfgj hLjg ljsl;t xf]tf uof, ;dfh ag], b]z ag], wd{ cfP, ju{
e]b ag] . ;as] kL5] Ps d'Vo p2]Zo yf dfgj hLjg sf] ;'vdo,
zf+ltdo agfgf cf}/ ;fy;fy dg'io hLjg s] cfWoflTds nIof]+
sf] k|fKt s/gf . P];L xL lzIff k|To]s wd{ g] hLjg cf}/ hLjg s]+
-$_
cfWoflTds p2]Zo s] ;+aG+ w d]+ bL x} . lkm/ ;do sfn s] ;fy b]z
sL ;LdfP+ a9tL36tL uoL . gP gP b]z ag] . 5f]6] 5f]6] b]z ldns/
a8f b]z ag] . b]z 6'6 gof b]z agf . uf]/vfnL /fhfcf]+ g] nueu @#*
jif{ k"j{ 5f]6] 5f]6] /fHof]+ sf] ldnfs/ g]kfn sf lgdf{0f lsof, lh;sf e"
efu jt{dfg g]kfn ;] a8f yf . ef/t d]+ c+uh ] | L zf;gsfn s] bf}/fg blIf0f
g]kfn sf ax't a8f t/fO{ sf e"efu ef/t d]+ ;dflxt xf] uof .
O; k|sf/ b'lgof s] ax't /fhfcf]+ d]+ eL kl/jt{g b]vf uof .
;d|f6 czf]s, lhgsL s[lt czf]s :tDe, hf] b'lgof sf] zf+lt sf
pkb]z b] /xL x}, g]kfn sL e"ld k/ eL jt{dfg x} . sln+u -jt{dfg
ef/t sf p8L;f /fHo _ o'4 d]+ dfgj /Qm sL gbL axL . ;d|f6
czf]s ljh]tf x'cf . pgs] /fHo sL ;Ldf a9 uoL . jx a8L qm"/
lgb{oL /fhfcf]+ sL >]0fL d]+ lugf hftf yf . O; ljzfn g/ ;+xf/ ;]
p;sf Xbo kl/jt{g xf] uof . Ps dxfg ;d|f6 dxf;]gfcf] s]
clwsf/L ;] Ps af}4 leIf' ag uof . zf;g s/g] s] ahfo hLjg d]+
cWoflTds ;+bz ] f] sf ;+rf/stf{ ag uof . lh;;] Ps qm"/ lgb{oL
dfgj Oltxf; d]+ dfgjtf s] k|f0f s] ?k d]+ cd/ xf] uof . zf+lt sf
;+bz] lgDg k+lQmof]+ ;] lgsntL nutL x}+ .
a'4d\ z/0fd\ uR5fld .
wd{d\ z/0fd\ uR5fld .
;+3d\ z/0fd\ uR5fld .
uf+wL seL zf;s agg] sL rfx gxL+ /v] . ef/t d]+ P]ltxfl;s
kl/jt{g nfg]jfn] ho k|sfz gf/fo0f seL sf]O{ kb gxL+ lnP .
blIf0f ck|mLsf s] cZj]t g]tf g]N;g d08]nf bzsf]+ h]n oftgfPF
ljtfg] s] afjh'b eL l;km{ Ps cjlw s] lnP xL /fi6klt kb k/
/x] . ;'gt] x}+ u0f]zdfg hL sf] eL k|wfgd+qL agg] sf cfd+q0f cfof
yf, lkm/ eL j] k|wfgd+qL kb sf] k|fKt s/g] s] ahfo ljgf kb s]
/xgf >]o:s/ ;dem] . Sof Tofu sf ljrf/ u0f]zdfg hL s] ;fy xL
g]kfn ;] rnf uof <
-%_
lx+;f cft+s sf b]z g]kfn
lxdfno sL uf]b d]+ a;f g]kfn s'5 jif{ k"j{ ts ljZj d]+
zflGt e"v08 s] k d]+ hfgf kxrfgf hftf yf . ;g\ !(() ts
ljZj d]+ zflGt If]q s] k d]+ dfGotf k|flKt x]t' !!# b]zf]+ sf ;dy{g
k|fKt lsof yf . k/Gt' cfh l:ylt lans'n ljk/Lt x}+ . g]kfn sL
w/tL g]kfnL f/f g]kfnL s] /Qm ;] /+lht xf] /xL x} . zflGt sL hux
c;'/Iff ;] ;a eoeLt x}+ M lstg] cgfy, lstgL ljwjfPF === b]z
ljsf; x]t' lhg xfyf]+ d]+ cfh lstfa]+ snd cf}/ sflkofF zf]etL,
pGxL xfyf]+ d]+ cfh /fOkmn, lk:tf}n cf}/ ad x}+ . hf] ljrf/ b";/f]+ sf]
hLjg b]s/ ckgf hLjg ;/fxt], jxL b";/f]+ sf] df}t b]s/ ckgL
;kmntf dfg a}7] x}+ . ;+oQ ' m /fi6 ;+3 s] cWoog s] cfwf/ k/
g]kfn pg b]zf]+ sL ;"rL d]+ cf uof x}+ hxfF afn ;}lgs lx+;fTds
;+3if{ d]+ h'6] y] . ;fy xL, dfcf]jfbL g]tfcf]+ sf sxgf yf ls cf/x
-!*_ jif{ ;] sd pd| jfnf]s + f], j] dfcf]jfbL ;}lgs b:tf d]+ zfldn
gxL+ s/t] . Sof ox ;To gxL+ x} ls cfh g]kfn d]+ ljifdtfPF cf}/
cGofo a8] k}dfg] k/ ljBdfg x} cf}/ ;fdfGo hg hLjg Og;]+ a'/L
t/x k|efljt x}+ . dw]zL ;d:of, hf] Ps ljs/fn ?k wf/0f lsP x'P
x}+ Sof Og ljifdtfcf]+ cf}/ cGofo sL b]g gxL+ x}+ < cf}/ cg]s a8L
;d:ofo]+ cfg] sf] t}of/ x}+ . lx+;f cf}/ cft+s sL >[vnf rn /xL x},+
cf}/ cfg]jfnL ;d:ofPF O;d]+ j[l4 s/g] sf] t}of/ x}+ .
Ps cf]/ ljsf; x]t' cg]sf] of]hgfPF rn /xL+ x},+ c/af]+ sL
/flz vr{ xf] /xL x},+ tf] b";/L cf]/ cft+s cf}/ c;'/Iff eL t]h ult
;] a9tL hf /xL x}+ . O; ljWj+; tyf ljsf; s] v]n d],+ ljWj+; cfu]
lgsntf hf /xf x},+ ljsf; kL5] 5'6tf hf /xf x} .
-^_
 Gofo ;To sf b';/f ?k x}+ tf] cGofo c;To sf . clx+;f
zflGt sf k|j4{g s/tL x} tf] lx+;f czflGt cf}/ cft+s sf . g]kfn
s] dw]z sL w/tL k/ hGd]+ /fhs'df/ l;4fy{, /fHo sf kl/Tofu
lsP, cf}/ a'4Tj k|fKt s/, dxfTdf a'4 s] gfd ;] clx+;f cf}/ zflGt
sf ;+bz F fP . pGxf]g+ ] Ps /fHo 5f]8f,
] ljZj s] sf]g] sf]g] d]+ kx'r
k/Gt' pgsL lzIff cfh eL nueu cfwL b'lgof k/ clwsf/ sL x'oL
x} . Clifof],+ ;+tf] g]+ dfgj hLjg sf p2]Zo ef}lts pGglt cf}/
clwsf/ sL a9fQ ] /L ;] eL Hofb] dxTjk"0f{ cfTd pGglt sf] atfof
x}+ .
b'lgof d]+ /fhg}lts, ;fdflhs, cfly{s kl/jt{g lx+;f cf}/
clx+;f, bf]gf] xL /f:t] ;] x'P x}+ . g]kfn g] Sof]+ kl/jt{g x]t' lx+;f sf
dfu{ ckgfof x} < Sof oxfF kl/jt{g clx+;f s] /f:t] ;Dej gxL+ x}
< o] ;a s] ;a /fhgLlts kl/jt{g x]t' xf] /x] x}+ . Sof g]kfn d]+
/fhgLlts kl/jt{g clx+;f cf}/ ;Tofu|x s] /f:t] ;Dej gxL+ x} .
-&_
g]kfn cft+s sf hGdbftf sf}g <
k'/fgL sxfjt x} af; ;] af; kgktf x}, 3f; gxL . O;L
k|sf/ k|d ] ;] k|d] kgktf x}, gkm/t gxL+ . Gofo ;] Gofo kgktf x},
cGofo gxL+ . 7Ls P];L xL Ps cGofo b";/] cGofo sf] hGd b]tf x},
Gofo sf gxL+ . zf+lt ;] zf+lt cftL x}, cf}/ czf+lt ;] czf+lt . Sof
O;L t/x ;] Ps cft+s sf hGdbftf sf]O{ cGo cft+s xf]tf x} <
jt{dfg ;do tyf Ps bf] jif{ kxn] s] ;do sL t'ngf s/]+ tf]
bf] l:yltof b]vg] sf] ldNftL x} . kxn] dfcf]jfbL o'4 dfcf]jfbL zlQm
tyf /fi6 sL ;'/Iff zlQm s] ;fy xf]tf b]vf uof . n]lsg lkIfLo
zlQm o'4 s] ;fy ;fy cfd hgtf sf] cft+lst s/g], kLl8t s/g]
h};L sf/{jfOof eL b]vg] ;'gg] sf] cS;/xf ldnL . hg cft+s
u|fdL0ff]+ ;], gf}s/L s/g]jfnf]+ ;], Joj;floof]+ Aofkfl/of]+ ;] a8L dfqf
d]+ wg sL j;"nL, cflb sL df+u kxn] tf] rGb] s] ?k d],+ rGb]+ h};]
xf]tL yL . lh;] nf]u lagf ls;L ljz]if k/]zfgL s] lbof s/t] y] .
afb d]+ OgsL dfqf /L9 sL xL tf]8 b]gj] fnL h};] xf] uoL . ox eL
;'gg] sf] ldntf dfcf]jfbL s] gfd k/ cGo c;fdflhs tTj Og
c;fdlhs cft+ssf/L sfof]{ sf] c+hfd b]t] . ;x;f k|Zg cftf x}+
cflv/ dfcf]jfbL hgo'4 sf hGdbftf sf}g ;f cft+s of cGofo x}+ <
cfh eL olb xd ;/sf/L u}/;/sf/L kbflwsfl/of]+ s] sfo{snfk
sf] b]vt] x}+ . Sof kft] x}+ < lstgf Gofo < lstgf cGofo <
clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u f/f sL uoL sf/{jfOof]+ ;]
k|dfl0ft x} ls b]z s] d+qL tyf ;lrj, dxflgb]{zs, lgb]{zs,
k|zf;lgs j8] clwsf/L e|i6frf/ tyf cGofok"0f{ sdf]{ d]+ lnKt x}+ .
g]kfn sL k'0o e"ld k/ k}bf x'P a'4 s] ljrf/ /fHo zf;g tyf
-*_
hgJoj:yf s] ;+aw+ d]+ lgDglnlvt x}+ .
olb /fHo sf zf;s cR5f cf}/ Gofolk|o xf] tf] /fHo s]
d+qL cR5] tyf Gofolk|o xf]u+ ] . olb /fHo s] d+qL cR5] tyf Gofolk|o
xf] tf] pRr kbLo kbflwsf/L d]+ cR5] tyf Gofos/g] jfn] xf]u+ ] . olb
pRr kbLo kbflwsf/L cR5] tyf Gofo s/g]jfn] xf] tf] ;fdfGo
kbflwsf/L tyf sd{rf/L eL cR5] tyf Gofo s/g]jfn] xf]u+ ] . olb
;fdfGo kbflwsf/L tyf sd{rf/L cR5] tyf Gofo s/g]jfn] xf] tf]
b]z s] ;fdfGo hg cR5] tyf Gofo lk|o xf]u+] .
olb O;s] b";/] kIf sf] b]v] hxf ;fdfGo hg cft+s -cyf{t
g]kfn s] gful/s dfcf]jfbL tyf dfcf]jfbL s] gfd k/ b';/]_ cft+s
km}nfg]jfnL lqmofsnfk tyf lx+;f h};L sf/{jfOof s/t] x'P b]v] hf
/x] y] . cflv/ O;sf hGdbftf yf sf}g < olb xd a'4 s] ljrf/f] sf]
Ps cfwf/ s] ?k d]+ b]v+] tf] Sof P];f gxL+ nutf ls hg ;Dks{ d]+
/xg]jfn] kbflwsf/L tyf sd{rf/L d]+ kbLo cft+s, kbLo cGofok"0f{
Jojxf/ sL k}bfj/ xL hg cft+s x}+ . Sof P];f gxL+ x'cf ls hgtf
s] kf; cGofo, zf]if0f x]t' kb gxL+ y], tf] pgnf]uf] g] aGb"s sf
;xf/f lnof < Sof hg ;Dks{ d]+ /xg]jfn] clwsf/L tyf sd{rf/L s]
cGb/ kbLo cft+s, kbLo cGofok"0f{ rl/q pRr kb:y clwsf/L -
;lrj_ tyf d+qL f/f lsP uP kbLo cft+s Pj+ kbLo cGofo sL
b]g gxL+ < olb Ps k+lQm d]+ sxf hfo tf], Sof g]kfn d]+ km}n] lx+;f
cf}/ cft+s sf hGdbftf -ckgL hgtf f/f ckgL xL hgtf cf}/
/fi6 lj?4_ g]kfn s] pRrky:y kbflwsf/Lof],+ d+qL s] kbLo cft+s
tyf cGofo sf xL sdL{o a+zfg'ut kl/0ffd gxL+ <
Gofo /fHo zf;g sL /L9 xf]tf x}+ . O;L Gofo s] cfwf/ k/ d]9s Ps kmtL] sf] p8t] b]v vfg] s] lnP d'v vf]ntf x}+ .
tf] ls;L /fHo d]+ ljlw Joj:yf sfod /xtL x}+ . O; l;4fGt sf]
dfgt] x'P O{un}08 d]+ cbfnt sL cjx]ngf s] cf/f]k d]+ O{un}08 s]
/fhs'df/ eL cbfnt f/f bL uoL ;hf e'ut] x}+ hf] hu hflx/ x}.
n]lsg cfh g]kfn s] ljs6 kl/l:ylt d]+ eL cbfnt s] cfb]z sf]
-(_
pRr kbLo clwsf/L gxL+ dfgt] x}+ . lstgL af/ P];L 36gfP g]kfn
s] ;dfrf/ kqf] d]+ k|sflzt x'O{ . ;dfrf/ kq d]+ k|sflzt x'cf yf
ls krf; k|lt;t ;] clws cbfnt s] km};n] clwsf/Lof] f/f
nfu" gxL+ lsP hft] .
ca ljrf/0fLo k|Zg ox p7tf x} ls olb /fHo s] kbflwsf/L
Gofo sf] gxL+ dfg]u] tf] cfd hgtf s};] ljlw Joj:Yff sf] dfg]uL .
olb b]z s] clwsf/L ckg] cfksf] b]z sL Gofokflnsf ;] >]i7
;demg] nu] tf] Sof cfd hgtf ckg] cfksf] ljlw Joj:Yff s] cwLg
dfg]uL < olb pRr kb:y clwsf/L Gofofno s] cfb]zf]+ sL cjx]ngf
s/] tf] Sof cfd hgtf zf+lt ;'/Iff s] lnP sL uoL sfg"gf]+ sf
cjx]ngf gxL+ s/]uL <
;dfrf/ kq d]+ k|sflzt x'cf yfPs dlxnf -;kmnf b]jL_ cbfnt
s] km};n] sf] kbflwsfl/of]+ f/f nfu" s/fg] s] lnP jiff]{ k|oTgzLn
/xL+ n]lsg c+ttM jx d[To" sf] k|fKt sL n]lsg cbfnt f/f lbP uP
Gofo sf] k|fKt g s/ ;sL . O; dlxnf sL d[To' d]+ Sof O;
kbflwsf/L s] kbLo cft+s sf ;xof]u gxL+ x} < oxf tf] ls;L g] gxL
b]vf, zfob O{Zj/ xL b]v+] . d'em] P];f nutf x} ls olb kbLo cft+s
a+b xf] hfo tf] aGb"sL cft+s :jtM a+b xf] hfo]u+] . olb clwsf/L f/f
cGofo a+b xf] hfo tf] hg cft+s :jtM ?s hfo]u+] .
cfh ha ;f/f b]z cft+s Pj+ lx+;f sL cfu d]+ hn /xf x}+ . hg
k|ltlglw, cfdhg, /fHo clwsf/L ;eL lx+;f ;] ql;t x}, lkm/ eL
a8] nf]u Gofo ;] b"/, nf]e ;] u|l;t cGofo s/t] hf /x] x}+ . ox
l:ylt 7Ls j};L xL lbvtL x} h};] ls;L ;k{ s] d'v d]+ w8 ts km;f
lb;Da/ @))# sL /flq (=@% ah] -g]kfnu+h d]+ Ps zlQmzfnL
ad km6g] sf wdfsf, ;fy ;fy nueu !).!% ldG6f]+ ts cGwfw'Gw
kmfol/+u sL cfjfh ;] ;f/f g]kfnu+h zx/ eoeLt xf] p7f .
xdnf]u -d}+ cf}/ ldof:yf Ps hfkfgL hf] sfd s] l;nl;n] d]+ yf_
-!)_
eL xf]6n d]+ eo cf}/ cfz+sf ;] l3/] /x] . sn xf]s/ ;'jx zx/ s]
u0fdfGo nf]uf]+ s] d'v ;], 5fqf]+ ;], lzIfsf] ;],+ cGo nf]uf] ;] /flq s]
eofjx l:ylt sf] j0f{g s/t] x'P kfof . ox ad lj:kmf]6 x'cf yf
Ps lghL df]6/ afO{s zf]?d d]+ nfvf]+ sL IftL yL . P]; + f ;'gg] d]+
cfof dflns ;] s'5 nf]uf]+ g] k};] dfu] y], k};] g ldng] sL Pjh
d]+ o] Iflt kx'r foL uoL . sldzg t+q Otg] hf]/f] k/ x} sL sldzg
g ldng] k/ Gofo sf] df}t b]bL hftL x}+ . p; Gofo sf] df}t bL hftL
x} hf] zf+lt sL hggL x} . hxf Gofo gxL jxf zf+lt sxf . uf]/vf g} ljb|fx] sf] pTklQsf] sf/0f xf] . ;'?df dfcf]jfbLn] hgtfs} ;fgf
s] /fhf /fd zfx sL Gofolk|otf Gofo g kfP uf]/vf hfg' dfq
Oltxf; sL k+lQm ag s/ /x uoL x} . zfob clwsf/L sldzg t+q
g] xL Ps hgtf f/f b";/L hgtf k/ cfly{s df+u sL k|yf sf] k}bf
lsof x} tyf a9fjf eL b] /xf x} .
dfcf]jfbL ljb|fx] s] ;+jGw d]+ lgDglnlvt ljrf/ g]kfnL efiff
d]+ k|sflzt x}+ o' P; P cfO{ 8L sf] ;xof]udf /j6{ h;f]gLf/f
/f]Nkf, ?s'd, ;Nofg, ;'vt{] , afFs] / alb{ofsf] cWoogkl5 tof/
u/]sf] k|ltj]bg snxsf] aLpm ======== g]kfnsf] /fKtL kxf8df
dfcf]jfbL ljb|fx] sf] Oltxf; / cfofd df ljb|fx] sf] Oltxf;sf/
;fy} sDaf]l8ofsf] v]d?h / k]?sf] ;fG8]/f] n'ldgf];f] -;fOlg kfy_
;Fu klg t'ngfTds cWoog ul/Psf] 5 .
cWoogsf] lgisif{df elgPsf] 5 ufFhf clwsf+z kl/jf/sf]
cfDbfgLsf] ;|ft] lyof] / To;}n] pgLx?sf] plrt hLjg:t/ lbg
;s]sf] dflgGYof] . o;nfO{ /f]ss ] f] rf/ jif{d} ;d[l4 ul/aLdf ?kfGtl/t
eof]+ . k|ltj]bg cg';f/, ;/sf/n] Ps kIfLo ?kdf ufFhf v]tL cj}w
3f]lift ug'{ cl3 u'ds ] f] cfDbfgL k'tf{n ug]{ jf j}slNks cGg ahf/
k'ofpg] pkfo lbg g;]ss ] f sf/0f ltSt cj:yf Nofof] . ljleGg
36gfqmdx?n] ;/sf/ lj/f]wL efjgfsf] ljsf; klg u/fpFb} uof] .
/f]Nkf / ?s'ddf w]/} ;d:of eP klg sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] %) jif{
b]lvsf] e"uf]n nlIft /fhgLlts ;kmntf kfpg ;s]sf] lyPg . ha
-!!_
;/sf/ / cGo /fhgLlts kf6L{ ToxfF cg'kl:yt eP, ToxfF /x]sf]
kf6L{n] hgtfsf efjgnfO{ e8sfpg ;kmn eof] / lx+;fTds ?kdf
;/sf/ ofFsk] l5 oxfFsf ;d:of ;dfwfg x'G5g\ eGof] .
hghftLo / hftLo tTjx?nfO{ dfcf]jfbL ljb|fx] sf k|dv '
sf/0f dfGg ;lsGg M k|ltj]bgdf elgPsf] 5 .
cd]l/sL ljfg 8f= yf]D; P dfSz{sf] cg';f/ ?s'd, /f]Nkf,
hfh/sf]6 nufotsf lhNnfdf /x]sf] u/LaL, c;dfgtf / clzIffnfO{
;d:ofnfO{ gf/fsf ?kdf p7fP/ :yfgLo gful/ssf] Wofg cfslif{t
u/]sf] ljrf/ JoQm ug'{ ePsf] 5 .
ax' ljjfx, hfF8 /S;L, h'jf tf; h:tf ;fdflhs ljs[ltnfO{
g} pgLx?n] gf/f agfP/ hgtfnfO{ uf]naGb u/]kl5 dfq /fli6o gf/f
yKb} uP . ?s'd / /f]Nkfsf du/ ;d'bfonfO{ If]qL / afx'gn] zf]if0f
u/]sf] h:tf hftLo ljifo p5fn]/ ;+u7g a9fPsf] xf] .
cd]l/sL ;xof]u lgof]usf] k|ltj]bgaf6 /fi6Lo b}lgs /fhwfgL,
df3 ! @)^) df ufFhf cj}w ugf{n] dfcf]jfbL x'ls{P lzif{s df
k|sflzt .
-k|sflzt M /fhwfgL @@ hgj/L @))$ * df3 @)^)
zLif{s ljb]zLsf nflu g]kfnsf] gofF kl/ro axfb'/ uf]vf{nLsf]
xf]Og, cj dfcf]jfbLsf] b]z M 8f= dfS;{ k[i7@_
-!@_

kl/jt{g ky
ox ;To x} ls g]kfn kl/jt{g rfxtf x} . O; kl/jt{g s] lnP
/f:tf Sof lx+;f s] cnfjf sf]O{ b";/f gxL <
lnof] 6fN:6fo Ps ;}lgs sL x}l;ot ;] ox b]v] sL lx+;f Sof
x} cf}/ SofSof s/ ;stL x}+ . cTofrf/ sL ;dflKt s] lnP lr/
k|rlnt pkfo lx+;f sf] eL pGxf]g+ ] a8] ghbLs ;] b]vf . 6fN:6fo lgbf]i{ f sL xTof_ ljsf; sfof]{ d]+ sdL, Jofkf/ d]+ sdL . O; ;asf
g] cTofrf/ s] ;dflKt cyjf ls;L a'/fO{ s] ;'wf/ s] lnP lx+;fTds
pkfo s] :yfg k/ a'/fO{ k|lt/f]w g s/g] s] t/Ls] sf] k|ltli7t s/g]
s] lnP ckgf hLjg pT;u{ s/ lbof . j] lx+;f s] ?k d]+ JoQm 3[0ff
sf ;fdgf si6 ;xg s] ?k d]+ JoQm k|d ] ;] s/g] s] kIfw/ y] .
uf+wLhL g] eL :Jft+qtf ;+uf| d s] bf}/fg ef/tLof] sf] eL oxL ;+bz
] hfo] cf}/ lbUe|ldt xf]s/ xTof cf}/ cft+s d]+ ;+nUg o'jso'jtL
lbof yf cf}/ ;fy ;fy ox eL sxf yf xd] ?sgf cf}/ ;f]rgf
rlxP ls sxL c+uh ]| L zf;g ;] cwL/ xf]s/ xd Ps a'/fO{ s] abn]
b";/L, p;;] eL a8L a'/fO{ sf] tf] bflvn gxL s/gf rfxt] .
ox sxgf Ps ;fdfGo ;To /vgf x} ls k|To]s g]kfnL sL
/fi6Lo cfsf+IffP xf]tL x}, ls;L d]+ ox efjgf ax't ljsl;t x}, ls;L
d]+ sd ljsl;t x} . ljz]iftM O; nIo sL l;l4 s] /f:t] Sof xf]+
O; ;+aw+ d]+ zfob, lhtg] b]zeQm x},+ ptg] xL dt eL xf] .
jt{dfg o'u sf] dfgjtf s] Oltxf; d]+ lj1fg cf}/ ljsf; sf
o'u dfgf hftf x} . k/Gt' O; ;do eL P];] nf]u ljBdfg x},+ hf]
;demt] x}+ ls lx+;f xTofP s/s] /fhgLlts kl/jt{g cyjf cGo
;'wf/ k|fKt lso] hf ;st] x}+ . lj1fg sf b'?kof]u ljWj+; sf/jfO{of]
s] lnP ax't x'cf x} . dfgjLo 1fg cf}/ dfgjLo ;fx; sf b'?kof]u
xToflx+;f s] lnP ax't xf] /xf x}+ . O; xfnft sf] b]vs/ nf]uf] s]
-!#_
dg d]+ Sof ox lh1f;f pTkGg gxL+ xf]tL xf]uLlh;]] ljsf; sf gfd
lbof hf /xf x}, Sof jx ;rd'r ljsf; x}+ < xTofP+ tf] :Jffy{ s] lnP
xd]zf xf]tL /xL x}+ . k/Gt' JolQmut :Jffy{ s] lnP . lx+;f ;] /fi6 sf
sNof0f xf], ;d:t hgtf ;'vL xf], P];f ;DEfj gxL+ . xdf/L ;+:s[lt,
dfgj wd{ ox laNs'n gxL+ dfgtf ls a'/] sd{ ;] cR5] kmn cfo]u] .
;r tf] ox x} ls xTof cf}/ cft+s k/ cfof /fhg}lts
kl/jt{g hf] b]z cf}/ hg lxt d]+ xf] sf ljrf/ Ps ldYof sNkgf
dfq x}+ . O;sf tf] Ps xL kl/0ffd xf]tf x}, hf] ;as] ;fdg] x}+ kxn]
;] Hofbf ;/sf/L cf}/ ;}lgs sf/jfO{of]+ ;] bdg, -bf]ifL sL vf]h d]+
kl/0ffd x'cf x} b]z s] u/La tyf cfd hgtf sf si6 a9f x}, b]z
sf cfly{s ljsf; ;d:ofu|:t x'cf x}, ;'of]Uo JolQmof]+ sf b]z ;]
knfog xf] /xf x} . O; c+wsf/do cj:yf d]+ xd tf] s]jn O{Zj/ ;]
oxL k|fy{gf s/ ;st] x},+ ls g]kfn xTofcf]+ s] clezfk ;] d'Qm xf]
;[hgfTds sfof]{ d]+ nu] . Ps bL3f{o' hg sNof0fsf/L ;Qf k/jt{g
tf] s]jn ;To, Gofo cf}/ cfTdz'l4 ;] k|fKt xf] ;stL x} b";/f]+ sf]
;tfs/ gxL+ .
xTof s] kL5] ar hft] x} ljwjf :qL, cgfy 5f]6] aRr], a];xf/f
a'9] dftf lktf, pgsL s?0f rLv, cf;" tyf hLjg sf ef/L af]em .
Og lgb]fi{ ff] s] ;fy Sof ox dxf cGofo gxL+ x} < olb ox cGofo x},
tf] O;s] lnP pQ/bfoL sf}g x} < Sof ox ;f]rg] s] lnP ljjz gxL+
s/tf ls hf] nf]u sfo{kmn d]+ ljZjf; s/t] x}+ Sof j] O; b'isd{ s]
sd{kmn ;] ar kfo]u+] < hf] nf]u k'gh { Gd d]+ ljZjf; s/t] x},+ cfTdf
sL cd/tf d]+ ljZjf; s/t] x},+ j] O; xTof cf}/ lgbf]i{ ff] sf] b'Mv b]g]
s] sd{ sf] ;xL sx kfo]u] < sbflk gxL+ . l;km{ hLjg hLgf xL hLjg
sf nIo gxL+ x},+ clkt' Ps ;fy{s hLjg hLgf hLjg sf clei7
nIo x}+ .
-!$_
 Sof O; xfnft d]+ ox ;f]rg] sL cfjZostf gxL+ x}+ ls
kl/jt{g s] lnP sf}g ;f ky r'g] ls kxn] ;] clws a'/fO{ b]z sL
zf;g Joj:Yff d]+ g cf hfP .
8f= /fwf s[i0fg g] sxf x} k[YjL k/ cfbdL sL sxfgL sf
;a ;] a8f tYo p;sL kfly{j k|flKtofF gxL x} . hf] ;fd|fHo p;g]
agfo] cf}/ lauf8] j] dxTjk"0f{ gxL+ x}+ . dxTjk"0f{ tf] x} p;sL cfTdf
sf ;To cf}/ lzj sL vf]h s/t] x'P o'ufg'ou' ljsf; . hf] cfTdf
sL ljsf;f]Gd'v ofqf d]+ ;+nUg /xt] x}+ j] dfgj ;+:s[lt s] Oltxf;
d]+ cd/ :yfg kf hft] x}+ . ;do g] jL/f]+ sL ufyfcf]+ sf] ptgL xL
cfzfgL ;] t'R5 agf lbof x} lhtgL cfzfgL ;] jx ;fwf/0f nf]uf]+
sf] e"nf lbof, lsGt' ;+tf]+ sL ;Qf cIf'00f /xL x} .
hLjg cf}/ d[To' s] ;DaGw d]+ uf+wLhL sxt] x} hLjg cf}/
d/0f Ps xL rLh s] bf] k x+} Ps xL l;Ss] s] bf] kxn" x}+ . b/c;n
d'em] b'Mv cf}/ df}t, ;'v cf}/ hLjg ;] Hofbf ;d[4 hfg k8t ] x}+ .
b'Mv cf}/ j]bgf s] ljgf lhGbuL d]+ Sof ;f/ x} < ========== /fdfo0f
d]+ ;Ltf cf}/ /fd s] b'Mv, j]bgf cf}/ tk s] l;jf b';/f Sof x} < ====
d}+ rfxtf x"F ls cfk nf]u hLjg s] ahfo df}t cf}/ b'Mv sL Hofbf
sLdt cf+s] cf}/ p;] ckg] dg sf d}n + wf]gj] fnL Ps zlQm ;dem]+ .
-!%_
clx+;fTds ;Tofu|x g]kfn s] ;Gbe{ d]+
clx+;f dxfk'?iff]+ sL b[li6 d]+
uf+wLhL g] sxf x}+ ls zflGtk"0f{ 9+u ;] d'sfanf s/g]jfnf]+ d]+
O{;f ;/tfh y] . pGxf]g+ ] lj/f]lwof]+ sL zlQm sf] r'gf}tL bL cf}/ a]6f]+
sf] dftf lktf s] d'sfan] d]+ v8f s/ lbof . b'ef{Uo ;] O{;f s]
cg'ofoL O{;f sf ;+bz ] e"n uP . o"/f]k s] wfld{s o'4 qm";8] cf}/
OGSo"hLzg cf}/ Og ;a ;] a9s / O{;fO{ /fi6f+] s] clws cfw'lgs
sf/gfd]+ dfgjOltxf; d]+ c+lst cToGt zd{gfs 36gfcf]+ d]+ ;] x} .
Kn]6f] -$jL ztfAbL O{= k"=_ ;] ha p;s] ;}lgsf]+ g] p;;] zq'
sf l;/ sf6 8fng] sf] sxf tf] jx af]nf s]jn ldqf]+ cf}/ ckg] k|lt
cR5f jtf{j s/g]jfnf]+ ;] cR5f jtf{j s/gf sfkmL gxL+ x} . xd]+ pGx]+
eL Ifdf s/gf rflxP lhGxf+] g] xd]+ xflg kxFr ' fO{ x} cf}/ xdf/] ;fy
a'/f Jojxf/ lsof x} . cfbdL d]+ P];L a'/fO{ gxL+ hf] af/af/ cR5f
Jojxf/ s/g] k/ ;'wf/L cf}/ hLtL g hf ;s] . p;g] ox eL lnvf
x} ls;L sf] eL b'Mv dt bf] .
s'5 lxa|' d;Lxfcf]+ g] eL lx+;f k/ clx+;f sL t/hLx bL x}+ .
Ps sxtf x}, zq' sf] lu/tf b]vs/ xif{ dt dgfcf], ckg] dg d]+
k|;Ggtf dt cfg] bf] . cu/ t'Dxf/f zq' e"vf x} tf] p;] /f]6L bf],
Kof;f x} tf] p;] kfgL bf] .
yf/f] g] ;+oQ
' m /fHo cd]l/sf sL ;/sf/ sf] u'nfdLk|yf s]
lnP lwSsf/f cf}/ p;g] cTofrf/L ;/sf/ sxs/ 6}S; b]g] ;]
OGsf/ s/ lbof . sfg"g sf lj/f]w lsof cf}/ h]n uP . h]n ;] d'Qm
xf]g] k/ p; g] ;ljgo cj1f s] u'0f gfds k|l;4 lga+w lnv] .
lh; ;] uf+wLhL eL k|efljt x'P tyf O; k4lt sf pkof]u s/ Ps
-!^_
gP Oltxf; sf] /r lbP .
clx+;f k/df]wd{M xdf/] dxfg u|Gy dxfef/t s] dxfg jrg
x}+ . k|frLg Clifof]+ g] sxf x} b]vg] d]+ cwd{ ;] cfbdL a9tf x},
wg nfe s/tf x}, zq'cf]+ sf] hLttf x}, lsGt' d"n d]+ jx gi6 xf]
hftf x} .
xdf/L ;+:s[lt d]+ ;To sf cfbz{
uf+wLhL ;To sf] O{Zj/ dfgt] y] .
b'nD{ o dfuf]{ sf] nfFwf], qmf]w sf] cqmf]w ;] cf}/ c;To sf] ;To
;] hLtf] .
;fdj]b
;To ;] a9s/ sf]O{ wd{ gxL+ cf}/ em'7 ;] a9s/ sf]O{ kfk
gxL+ . j:t'tM ;To xL wd{ sf d"n x} .
dxfef/t
o'j/fh /fdrGb| sf] b/af/ s] Ps k'/f]lxt g] ;nfx bL yL ls
jx ckg] lktf sf] lbP rf}bx jif{ ts jg d]+ /xg] s] jrg ;] d's/
hfo . lsGt', p;] pQ/ b]t] x'P cd/ sLlt{ /fdrGb| sxt] x}+ M ;To
cf}/ bof, /fh wd{ s] clj:d/0fLo c+u x}+ . O;lnP /fHo zf;g
tTjtM ;To xL x} . ;To xL ;+;f/ sf cfwf/ x}+ . Clif cf}/ b]j bf]gf]+
g] ;To sf cfb/ lsof x} . hf] dg'io O; nf]s d]+ ;To af]ntf x}, jx
>]i7 cf}/ cd/ kb sf] k|fKt s/tf x} . ldYofjfbL d'gio ;] nf]u, eo
cf}/ cft+s s] df/], P];] k/] efut] x}+ h};] ls ;f+k ;] . ;+;f/ d]+ wd{
sf d'Vo tTj ;To x} . ;To k|To]s j:t' sf cfwf/ x} . ;To ;+;f/
d]+ ;jf]k{ l/ x} . wd{ sf cfwf/ ;bf ;To xL x} . sf]O{ eL j:t' O; ;]
pFrL gxL+ . d}+ ckg] jrg sf kfng Sof]+ g sF < ckg] lktf s] ;To
cfb]z k/ ;rfO{ ;] Sof]+ g rn+" < d}+ nf]enfnr, axsfj] of c1fg
-!&_
s] jz d]+ xf]s/ of ckgL b[li6 sn'lift xf] hfg] s] sf/0f ;To sL
dof{bf sf pNn+3g gxL s?+uf . d}+ lktf hL sf] lbP x'P jrg sf
kfng cjZo s?+uf . d}+ pGx]+ jgjf; sf jrg b] r'sf x"F , ca d}+
pgs] cfb]z sf pNn+3g s/s] e/t sL aft s};] dfg ;stf x"F <
]| L cg'jfb ;]_ /fdfo0f
-k|f=] d}S+ ;d"n/ s] c+uh
hf] d'gio ;Rrf gxL+ of em'7 af]ns/ wg sdftf x}, of hf]
b";/f]+ sf] b'Mv b]g] d]+ ;'v dfgtf x}, jx O; ;+;f/ d]+ seL ;'vL gxL+
xf] ;stf . wd{ ;] kLl8t xf]s/ eL kfk d]+ k|jQ [ gxL+ xf]gf rflx+P,
P];f s/g]jfnf kfk cf}/ kflkof]+ sf ktg zL3| xL k|ToIf b]v n]tf
x}+ . ;+;f/ d]+ kfkfr/0f sf kmn, uf} s] ;dfg, zL3| k|s6 gxL+ xf]tf,
k/+t' jx wL/]wL/] kfkL sL h8 ts sf] sf6 8fntf x}+ .
dg' :d[lt
;r cf}/ em"7 sL 6Ss/ P];L x}, h};L ls kTy/ cf}/ ldL s]
at{g sL . kTy/ ldL s] at{g k/ lu/]uf tf] at{g 6'6 hfo]uf . bf]gf]
xfntf]+ d]+ g's;fg ldL s] at{g sf xL xf]uf .
l;Sv wd{ sL ;f]v
;Tofu|x /fhg}tLs o'4 sf ;jf]Q
{ d xlyof/
jt{dfg o'u s] dxfg ;+t /fhgLlt1 uf+wLhL s] ljrf/ ;]
;Tofu|x sL tnjf/ O:kft sL tnjf/ sf] eL lg:t]h s/ b]gj] fnL
x} . p;sL wf/ ;To cf}/ Gofo sL x} cf}/ p;d]+ d"9 O{Zj/Lo ;xfotf
sL nuL x} . p;;] hf] n8tf x} p;] xf/g] sf 8/ gxL /xtf .
O;LlnP x] jL/ ef/tLof],+ p7f] cf}/ af6 g hf]xs/ ;Tofu|x sL
tnjf/ sf] wf/0f s/s] laho k|fKt s/f] . ha ;] hfkfgL jL/f] g]
d+r/' Lof s] d}bfg d]+ ?l;of] sf] w'n r6fO{ x}, ta ;] k"a{ d]+ ;"of]b{ o
-!*_
xf] r'sf x} . ca k"j{ s] nf]u 3d08L uf]/f]+ s] f/f lsP uP ckdfg
sf] clws ;do ts xlu{h ;xg g s/]u+ ] .
O+l8og cf]kLlgog @&=^=!()*
;Tofu|x s] ;+aw+ d]+ uf+wLhL sxt] y] ;Tofu|x z'4td
xlyof/ x}, ox sdhf]/f]+ sf xlyof/ gxL+ x}+ . z/L/ an ;] k|ltsf/
s/g]jfn] JolQm sL ck]Iff O;d]+ sxL+ clws lxDdt sL h?/t xf]tL
x}+ . zf+lt s] ;fy si6 ;xg s/t] x'P d[To' sf :Jffut O{;f, 8}lgon,
s}gd/, n}l6d/ cf}/ l/8n] h};] k'?if xL s/ ;st] x}+ . cf}/ ?; s]
hf/f]+ sL cj1f s/g] sf ;fx; 6fn:6fo h};] nf]uf] d]+ xL kfof hftf
x} . P];] xL AolQm >]i7 k'?if dfg] hft] x} . Oltxf; ;fIfL x} ls blIf0f
clk|msf s] gf}hjfgf]+ cf}/ n8sLof]+ g] ckgL hfg b]s/ ;b c;b
ljj]s sf] hufof .
cf7 jiff]{ s] ;Tofu|x ;+3if{ s] afb blIf0f clk|msf d]+ k|jf;L
ef/tLof]+ g] dfgljo ;Ddfg cf}/ clwsf/ k|fKt lsof .
uf+wLhL sxt] y] ls ;Tofu|x ;/n eL x} cf}/ sl7g eL . ;To sf
xL cfu|x /vg] ;] ;f/] b'Mv b"/ xf] ;st] x},+ ca ox aft ;a sL
;dem d]+ cfzfgL ;] cf hfgL rflxP . ;To sf kfng b'Mv b"/ s/g]
s] lnP b'Mv ;xgf sl7g nutf x} . lkm/ eL Hof]+ Hof]+ ljrf/ s/tf
x',F Tof]+ Tof]+ l;jf ;Tofu|x s] sf]O{ b";/f pkfo ckg] cyjf ls;L
b";/] s] b'Mvf]+ s] -lgjf/0f s]_ lnP ;"em gxL+ k8tf . d'em] tf] P];f
eL nutf x} ls p;s] l;jfo sf]O{ ;Rrf Onfh b'lgof d]+ x} xL gxL .
P];f xf] of g xf], lsGt' xd tf] ca ox ;demg] nu] x}+ ls ;Tofu|x
;] ljho kfgf -Hofbf_ 7Ls /f:tf x} .
hf] hf] /fi6 p+rF ] x}+ pGxf]+ g] kxn] si6 ;xg lso] x},+ ox af/
af/ :d/0f /vgf rflxP . olb xd pFr] p7gf rfxt] xf],+ tf] xdf/]
lnP eL oxL pkfo x} .
O+l8og cf]lklgog !&=!)=!()*
-!(_
;Tofu|x 6fN:6fo s] ljrf/ d]+
;Tofu|
-O; kq d]+ uf+wL hL s] ;Tofu|x s] ;DaGw d]+ 6fFN;6fo sf
ljrf/ b]vg] sf] ldntf x} ._
of:gfof kf]Nofg
*=%=!(!)
lk|o ldq,
cfksf kq cf}/ cfksL k':ts lxGb :j/fh ceL ldn] x}+ . d}+
g] cfksL k':ts a8L lbnr:kL s] ;fy k9L, Sof]+ ls d]/+ f Vofn x}
ls lh; k|Zg sL -;Tofu|x sL_ cfk g] p; d]+ rrf{ sL x}, jx s]jn
ef/t s] lnP gxL+ alNs ;d:t dfgj hflt s] lnP a8] dxTj sf
x} .
lnof] 6fN;6fo
;Tofu|xL sf}g xf] ;stf x} <
;Tofu|xL s] u'0f s] ;+a+w d]+ uf+wLhL s] ljrf/ OlG8og
cf]kl] gog d]+ k|sflzt x'P, hf]] lgDg x}+
;Tofu|x s] cy{ k/ ljrf/ s/t] x'P xd b]vt] x} ls kxnL zt{
ox x} ls n8gj] fnf+] d]+ ;To sf cfu|x ;To sf an xf]gf rflxP,
cyf{t p; JolQm sf] s]jn ;To s] pk/ lge{/ /xgf rflxP . Ps
ku bxL d+] cf}/ Ps ku b"w d]+ /vg], cyf{t bf] gfjf]+ k/ k}/ /vg]
;] sfd g rn]uf . P];f s/g]jfnf JolQm -z/L/ an cf}/ g}lts an
s] bf] kf6f]+ s]_ aLr d]+ s'rn hfo]uf . ;Tofu|x sf]O{ ufh/ sL kLkgL
gxL+ x} ls jx ah]uL tf] ahfo]u+ ] cf}/ gxL+ tf] vf hfo]u+ ] .
;Tofu|x d]+ z/L/ an k/ lge{/ JolQm s] d'sfan] lxDdt
Hofbf xf]gL rflxP . O; k|sf/ ;Tofu|xL s] lnP ;a ;] kxn] ;To
sf ;]jg s/gf, ;To s] pk/ cf:yf /vgf cfjZos x} . p; d+] k};]
s] k|lt cgfzlQm xf]gL rflxP . ;DklQ cf}/ ;To d]+ ;bf cgjg /xL
-@)_
x} cf}/ c+t ts /x]uL . hf] ;DklQ ;] lrkstf x} jx ;To sL /Iff
gxL+ s/ ;stf . O;sf cy{ ox gxL+ x} ls ;Tofu|xL s] kf; ;DklQ
xf] xL gxL+ ;stL . xf] ;stL x}, lsGt' k};f p;sf k/d]Zj/ gxL+ ag
;stf . ;To sf ;]jg s/t] x'P k};f /x] tf] 7Ls x}, cGoyf p;sf]
xfy sf d}n + ;dems/ Tofug] d]+ Ps kn s] lnP eL lemems g xf] .
lh; g] ckgf dg P];f g agfof xf] p;;] ;Tofu|x xf] xL gxL
;stf . ;Tofu|xL cTofrf/ d]+ tf] efu n] gxL+ ;stf, O;lnP u/LaL
d]+ xL cdL/L dfg n]gf p;s] lnP plrt xf]tf x} . ;Tofu|xL sf]
s'6D' j sf df]x 5f]8g\ f k8t\ f x} . ox ax't d'lZsn aft x} . lsGt'
;Tofu|x, h};f p;sf gfd x} tnjf/ sL wf/ x}, Sof]+ ls s'6l' Daof] sf]
eL ;Tofu|x sL nug nug] sf cj;/ cftf x} cf}/ ox nug lh;
sf] nutL x}, p;sf] lkm/ b";/L OR5f gxL+ /xtL . sf]O{ vf; b'Mv
;xt] x'Pwg u+jft] x'P of h]n hft] x'Pox z+sf of lrGtf gxL+
xf]gL rflxP ls s'6D' j sf Sof xf]uf .
O; k|sf/ ;Tofu|xL sf}g xf] ;stf x}, O; sf ljrf/ s/t] x'P
ox kl/0ffd lgsntf x} ls lh; sL wd{ d]+ bLg d]+ ;RrL cf:yf x},
jxL ;Tofu|xL xf] ;stf x} . d'v d]+ /fd, aun d]+ 5'/L h};L
cf:yfjfnf gxL+ . bLg sf gfd n]s/ bLg s] lvnfkm sfd s/gf
bgLg gxL+ x}+ . hf] wd{, bLg cf]/ Odfg sL /Iff plrt k|sf/ ;] s/tf
x} jxL ;Tofu|xL xf] ;stf x} . O;sf cy{ ox ls hf] dg'io ;as'5
v'bf of O{Zj/ k/ xL 5f]8 b]tf x}, p;sf] ;+;f/ d]+ seL xf/gf xL gxL+
k8tf . nf]u xf/f x'cf sx],+ p;;] jx xf/f x'cf gxL+ dfgf hfo]uf .
nf]u p;] hLt x'cf dfg]+ tf] p;d]+ p;sL hLt eL gxL+ x} . O;sf] hf]
hfgtf x}, jxL hfgtf x} .
lh;g] ;Tofu|x sL vflt/ ckg] ;j{:j sf Tofu lsof x},
p;g] ;a s'5 kf lnof x}, Sof]l+ s jx ;+tf]if dfgtf x} cf}/ ;+tf]if
;'v x} .
xd rfxt] x} ls P];f ;f]rs/ x/ Ps ef/tLo ;Tofu|xL ag] .
-@!_
ox xlyof/ xfy nu hfo]uf tf] cGofo hlgt ;eL b'Mvf+] sf] b"/ s/g]
d]+ sfd cfo]uf . O;sf] ;demgf h};f ;xh x}, j};f xL sl7g eL x} .
z/L/ s] anL eL yf]8] xf]t] x}, lkm/ ;To s] anL tf] pg ;] eL sd
xf]t] x}+ .
O+l8og cf]kLlgog @(=%=!()(
clx+;fTds ;Tofu|x sf k|of]u
blIf0f ck|mLsf d]+ uf+wLhL s] g]tT[ j d]+ ;Tofu|x hGdf cf}/
;kmn eL x'cf . jxL+ clx+;fTds ;+3if{ sL gL+j eL k8L . uf+wLhL sf
;Tofu|x hfltotfjfb, pklgj]zjfb cf}/ ;fd|fHojfb s] lvnfkm
b]zljb]z d]+ x'cf ;kmn ;+3if{ yf, lh; g] Ps Oltxf; sf] agf
8fnf .
uf+wLhL s] dtfg';f/ zf]if0fj[lQ sf] e+u s/gf xf]uf zf;g
f/f gxL+ clx+;fTds c;xof]u f/f, /rgfTds sfo{ f/f . uf+wLhL
s] cl+x;f dfu{ d]+ zf]lift d'gio wgL JolQm ;] sx]uf t'Dxf/L
zf]if0fj[lQ ca gxL+ rn ;stL cfTdzlQm f/f xd p;sf k|lt/f]w
s/]u+ ] . 8f= /fwf s[i0fg\ g] sxf x}+ s'5 JolQmof]+ g]+ ckg] JolQmut
hLjg d]+ k|d ] sL k4lt sf] hxfF txfF sfd d]+ nfs/ b]vf x}, lsGt'
;fdflhs cf}/ /fhgLlts d'lQm sL of]hgf sf] ;kmn agfg] d]+
uf+wLhL g] O; cfbz{ sf] sf/u/ t/Ls] ;] ckgfof, ox pgsL k/d
;kmntf x} . ef/t cf}/ blIf0f clk|msf d]+ ;+ul7t bnf]+ g] pgs]
g]tT[ j d]+ cGofo x6fg] sL lbzf d]+ O;sf a8] k}dfg] k/ pkof]u
lsof . zf/Ll/s lx+;f s] k|of]u ;] c5"t] /xs/ /fhgLlts Wo]of]+ sL
k|flKt s] lnP ;Tofu|x k4lt sf ljsf; pGxf]g+ ] lsof . ox k4lt
ef/t sL k/Dk/fut cfWoflTdstf sf] ls;L k|sf/ eL xflg gxL+
kx'rF ftL, alNs jxL+ ;] ckgL zlQm u|x0f s/tL x} .
uf+wLhL sxt] x}+ ;Tofu|x lgliqmo zflGtk"0f{ k|lt/f]w ;]
ptgf xL b"/ x} lhtgf blIf0f w|j' , pQ/ w|j' ;] . zflGtk"0f{ k|lt/f]w
-@@_
sf hGd nfrf/ sL nfrf/L ;] x} cf}/ lx+;f of zf/Ll/s zlQm ;] cu/
nfe xf]g] sL ;Defjgf lbv] tf] p;sf lgisf;g O; d]+ ;] gxL+ x},
lsGt' ;Tofu|x nfrf/ sf xlyof/ gxL+ x}, jx tf] cToGt zlQmj+tf]+
sf z:q x} cf}/ ls;L eL k d]+ lx+;f s] pkof]u sL p; d]+ u'h + fOz
gxL+ xf] ;stL . lgliqmotf tf] pGx]+ ljNs'n ;xg gxL+ yL . r'k a}7
/xg] ;], cGofo s] r/0ff]]+ d]+ ;dlk{t s/g] ;] pGx]+ n8s
/ xf/ hfgf
>]ois/ hfg k8tf yf . /f]df+ /f]nf+ g] ;Tofu|x sf] Og zAbf]+ d]+ ax't
7Ls k d]+ jl0f{t lsof x}+ , uf+wLhL s] cfGbf]ng sf k|f0f ;lqmo
k|lt/f]w :g]x, >4f cf}/ Tofu sL efjgf ;] wwstf x'cf ;lqmo
k|lt/f]w x} . ;Tofu|x d]+ Og zlQmof]+ sL cleJolQm x}+ .
blIf0f clk|msf s] clx+;fTds ;Tofu|x sf kl/0ffd
blIf0f clk|msf d]+ lsP uP clx+;fTds ;Tofu|x s] k|of]u sf]
uf+wLhL ax't u+le/tf ;] lnP cf}/ k|of]u s] kl/0ffd sf] lgDg zAbf]
d]+ lnv] . hf] O{l8og cf]lklgog d]+ k|sflzt x'P
;/sf/ g] ha ha -xdf/] ;fy_ wf]vf lsof, ta ta p;] xd]
clws clwsf/ b]g] k8] . O;LlnP ox sxfjt x}, ls, buf ls;sf
;uf < wf]vj] fhL tf] teL l5kL /x ;stL x} ha bf]gf+ ] kIf yf]8L
ax't wf]v] fw8L s/t] xf]+ . k/ ;Tofu|xL d]+ tf] wf]vf Ps kIfLo xL xf]
;stf x}, ;Tofu|xL tf] wf]vf s/ xL gxL ;stf .
;Tofu|x ;] b";/L ox aft eL ;dem d]+ cf ;stL x} ls Hof]+
Hof+] ;3if{ a9tf uof, nf]uf]+ sL tfst eL a9tL uO{ cf}/ ;fy xL
pgsL si6;lxi0f'tf eL . cf}/ jx O; xb ts ls lk5n] jif{ s]
cGt d]+ h};L s'5 d';Lat]+ xdg] em]nL+, cfh s] Oltxf; d]+ pgs]
d'sfan] d]+ k]z s/g] of]Uo sf]O{ pbfx/0f gxL+ ldn ;stf . cf}/ Hof]+
Hof]+ xd g] si6 p7fo], Tof]+ Tof]+] xd+] /fxt ldntL uO{ . O; d+] k|s
| l[ t
sf Ps b";/f c6n l;4fGt eL k|ltli7t xf]tf x} ls d'gio sf] ptgf
xL ;'v k|fKt xf]tf x} lhtgf b'Mv jx p7f kftf x} . hdLg sf] pk/
-@#_
pk/ 5Lng] jfn] s] ;fy lg/L 3f; xL cfo]uL, -k'i6_ cGg sL km;n
tf] hdLg sL ux/L h'tfO{ s/g]jfnf xL kfo]uf . ctM lagf b'Mv
p7fo] ;'v sL cfzf s/gf b'/fzf dfq x} . ;+;f/ d]+ tkZrof{ kmsL/L
cflb O;L k|sf/ ;'kl| tli7t x'P cf}/ O;L k|sf/ p;sL dxtf ufoL
uO{ x} .
;dfh g] b'Mv p7fs/ hf] s'5 xfl;n lsof x} p;] ;'/lIft eL,
b'Mv ;xg s/g] sL zlQm sf] cIf'00f /vs/ xL, agfof hf ;s]uf cf}/
O;L k|sf/ p; d]+ a[l4 eL sL hf ;s]uL . cf}/ olb ox zlQm hftL
/xL tf] hf] xfl;n lsof x} ;f] tf] hfo]uf xL, s'5 cf}/ eL rnf
hfouf . ox aft ;dem d]+ tf] ;xh xL cf hftL x}, k/Gt' cg]s af/
xd p;] e"n hfof s/t] x}+ .
O{l8og cf]lklgog
g]kfn d]+ zf;g t+q sf cGofo ;j{ljlbt x} . O;s] lj?4 dfcf]jfbL
lx+;s hgo'4 Ps bzs ts rntf /xf . ca dw]zL dfgj clwsf/
cfGbf]ng s] bf}/fg ;/sf/ cf}/ hgtf sL cf]/ ;] xf]gj] fnL 36gfcf]+
sf] b]vs/ nutf x} ls lx+;f nf]uf]+ s] dg ;] uoL gxL+ x} . clx+;s
;Tofu|x sf g]kfn d]+ seL k|of]u x'cf xL gxL+ . clx+;s ;Tofu|x ;]
;eL juf]+{ sf] pgsf Gofof]lrt clwsf/ k|fKt xf]uf . ox cGofo s]
lj?4 ckg] dfgjLo clwsf/f]+ s] lnP lx+;f s] lagf c6n ;lqmo
k|lt/f]w x} . O;d]+ dfgjLo k|d
] cf}/ Tofu ;b}j jt{dfg /xt] x}+ .
O;;] xd ;asf] ckgf ckgf clwsf/ eL k|fKt xf]uf . ;fy;fy
xdf/] aLr sf cfk;L k|d ] efj eL agf /x]uf . ox Ps dfq dfu{ x]
hf] b]z sf] ljWj+; cf}/ ljv08g ;] arf ;stf x} .
-@$_

clx+;fTds ;Tofu|x g]kfn d]+ Sof]+
cfh g]kfn d]+ kl/jt{g s] lnP /Qmkft sf l;nl;nf z' xf]
uof x} . ckm;f]; x} ls O; 5f]6] ;], nueu 9fO{ s/f]8 sL
cfjfbLjfn] b]z d]+ cats xhf/f]+ /fi6 ;DklQ o'jf ckgL hfg ujfF
r's] x}+ . O; u/La d'Ns sL c/af]+ sL ;DklQ Iflt x'O{ xf]uL lh;] k"/f
s/g] d]+ b]z sf] bzs nu]u+ ] . Sof O; kl/jt{g s] lnP xhf/f]+ aln
cfjZos x} < Sof P];f /f:tf gxL+ lh;;] sd ;] sd hghfg cf}/
/fi6wg sL Iflt ;] Gofof]lrt kl/jt{g k|fKt lsof hf ;s] <
lx+;f+Tds qmflGt Hjfnfd'vL h};] km"6L cf}/ cfu sL nk6f]+ h};]
;f/] b]z d]+ km}n uoL . cGofo, cf}/ c;To s] lj?4 abnfj s] lnP
zf+ltk"0f{ cfjfh p7fg] ;] xd r's] x}+ . Gofo cf}/ ;To sL hg
rfxgf sf] b]z s] ;fdg] ;zSt?k ;] /vgf 5'6 uof . lx+;fTds
sf/jfOof]+ sf] b'lgof PsfPs hfgL, n]lsg xd b'lgof sf] xd k/ xf]
/x] cGofosf] g hgf ;s], xf] /x] dfgj clwsf/ s] xgg sf] g atf
;s] . xdg] O;s] lnP Sof lsof < s};] lsof < s'5 eL b'lgof sf]
g lbvf ;s], g ;'gf ;s] .
olb lx+;fTds cf}/ clx+;fTds bf]gf] qmflGtof]+ sL t'ngf sL
hfo, tf] clx+;fTds qmflGt b]z cf}/ hgtf bf]gf]+ s] lxt sL /Iff
s/t] x'P Gofof]lrt kl/jt{g nfg] d]+ ;dy{jfg xf]tf x} . lx+;fTds
qmflGtf/f b]z cf}/ hgtf bf]gf]+ sf] Hofbf Iflt p7fgL k8tL x} .
;fy;fy kxn] sL ck]Iff b";/L a8L a'/fO{of]+ s] b]z cf}/ hgtf d]+
cfg] sf eo eL agf /xtf x}+ .
zf]if0f, ;fd|fHojfb, pklgj]zjfb, hftLotfjfb s] lvnfkm
b'lgof s] cg]s b]zf]+ d]+ s|flGtof+ x'oL cf}/ abnfj eL cfP . clwsf+z
b]zf]+ d+] ;z:q an ;] s|flGt x'oL, hxf+ /Qmkft cf}/ /fi6 tyf
AolStut ;Dklt sL xflg ax't a8] k}dfg] k/ x'oL . nf]uf] s] lbn
-@%_
d]+ bof s?0ff h};] dfgjLo u'0ff] sf cefj /xf . k/Gt' dxfTdf hL
s] g]tT[ j d]+ c+uh
]| L x'sd
" t s] cGofoc;Tok"0f{ /j}o] s] lvnfkm lagf
ls;L xlyof/ s] g}lts an cf}/ cflTds an ;] ;kmn ;+3i{f x'cf .
kl/jt{g tf] k|sl[ t sf c6n lgod x} . ;Tod]j hot] . ;To sL
ljho ;b}j xf]tL x} . uf+wLhL sf clx+;fTds c;xof]u, ;Tofu|x
hftLotfjfb, pklgj]zjfb, ;fd|fHojfb, bdg cf}/ zf]if0f sL gLlt
s] lvnfkm blIf0f clk|msf, ef/t tyf b'lgof s] b";/] b]zf]+ d]+ x'cf
;kmn ;+3if{ yf, lh; g] Ps gof Oltxf; agf 8fnf . O;d]+ /fi6Lo
;DklQ tyf hgtf sL hfg sL xflg sd xf]tL x} . nf]uf]+ sf cfTdan
a9tf x} . pgd]+ ;xgzlQm, bof, s?0ff h};] dfgjLo u'0ff]+ sf ljsf;
xf]tf x} .
dfgj wd{ sxtf x}, dfgj hLjg sf k/d p2]Zo ef}lts
pGglt ;] clws cfTdf]Gglt s/gf x} . v8f lxdfno ckgL b[9t f
cf}/ pFrfO{ ;] zflGt cf}/ ljsf; sf ;+bz ] b]tf x} . x/]e/] jg
v'zxfnL sf ;+st] b]t] x}+ . kxf8f+] s] aLr ;] u'h/tL glbofF hLjg
sf ;'dw'/ ;+uLt ;'gftL x} .
d]/] kf; P];f sf]O{ ts{ gxL+ x}, hf] ox l;4 s/] ls g]kfn s]
jftfj/0f d]+ ;Zf:q of clx+;fTds s|flGt, bf]gf]+ d+] sf}g cfjZos
cf}/ pko'St x} . k/Gt' d]/f ox b[9 cfTdljZjf; x} ls ceL ts
O; b]z cf}/ oxf+ s] nf]u lhtgL Iflt p7fP+ x}, p;;] sd Iflt d]+
clx+;fTds ;Tofu|x s] /f:t] Gofof]lrt kl/jt{g k|fKt lsof hf
;stf x} .
cfOP, ca xd ;a O{Zj/ s] gfd, dfgjtf s] lnP, ckgL
ldL k/ xlyof/f]+ sL d"7e]8 cf}/ adf]+ s] wdfsf]+ ;] O;sL zf+lt sf]
g lauf8+] . aGw'Tj cf}/ ;xof]u ;] cdgr}g sL lhGbuL hLo]+ cf}/
b";/f]+ sf] eL ptgL xL cR5L lhGbuL hLg] b]+ .
Gofof]lrt kl/jt{g clx+;f cf}/ ;Tofu|x s] dfWod ;] xfl;n s/g]+
sL qmflGt s/]+ .
O{Zj/ xdf/] b]z cf}/ ljb]z d]+ zf+lt x]t' xdf/] sNof0fsf/L z'e
sfof]+{ d]+ dbb s/]+ .
-@^_

b]z s] d"nwf/ sL rfxt d]+ dw]zL
/fhwfgL ;dfrf/ kq ldlt @)^).*.!! -gf]eD] a/ @&, @))#_ d]+
k|sflzt s'df/ ofq' f/f lnlvt cfGbf]ng dw];Lsf] ;fem]bf/L
/fi6jfbsf] zLif{s d]+ sxf uof x} ls
b]zsf s]xL a'l4hLljx? xfdLnfO{ ljb]zL eG5g\ t/, xfdL
g]kfnL xf},+ h;/L kx]n + f] ;a} j:t' ;'g x'bg} , To;}u/L sfnf dfG5] ;a}
ef/tLo x'b g} g\ Ps bzs cuf8L lqe'j ljZjljBfnosf] k|fu+ 0fdf
aL/uGhaf6 ;dfhzf:qdf cWoog ug{ cfPsf ?knfn s';jxfn]
o; k+lQmsf/nfO{ o:t} zAb k|of]u u/]/ dw]zLx? klg g]kfnL /fi6jfbsf
kIfkftL ePsf] ;Demfpg vf]hs ] f lyP . k|hft+q k'gjxf{nLkl5sf !#
jif{df sfnf] j0f{sf g]kfnLx?sf o:tf u'gf;f k6s k6s ;'gb}
cfPsf] klg xf] . ljz]if u/L ;b\efjgf kf6L{sf dfG5]n] o:tf] s'/f
ub{y] . t/, lxhf]cfh o:tf] cfjfh dw];L hfltsf] xslxtsf] kIfdf
nfu]sf ;b\efjgf kf6L{sf sfo{stf{n] dfq ub}g{ g\ d"nwf/sf] /fhgLltdf
nfu]sf sf+u; ]| , Pdfn], /fk|kfh:tf kf6L{sf sfo{stf{ klg ?knfns}
h:tf] hftLo lje]bsf] s'/f ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ .
k|l;4 ;dfhzf:qL lncfO{ /f]hn] cfO8]G6L6L qmfOl;; Og
g]kfn n]vs ] f] klg tLg bzs ljt]sf] tfklg ;/sf/n] dw]zLsf]
bogLo cj:yf dfly Wofg lbPsf] 5}g .
dw]z s] cf+z" M
g]kfn d]+ dw]zL cfGbf]ng sO{ bzsf] ;] rntf cf /xf x} .
b'lgof s] cGo cfGbf]ng s] h};f seL tLa| xf]tf x} tf] seL wLdf k8
hftf x} . ;/sf/L t+q ;] bdg eL ;b}j xf]tf /xf x} . ox cfGbf]ng
-@&_
;To cf}/ Gofo k/ cfwfl/t x} . k"j{ s] lbgf]+ d]+ k"0f{tM zflGt k"0f{ cf}/
clx+;s /xf x} . k/ ca s'5 cft+s sL cf}/ lx+;s 36g+fP eL ;'gg]
sf] ldn /xL x}+ . O;;] d'em] b'Mv xf]tf x} Sof]sL lx+;f ;] dw]z cf}/
b]z bf]gf] sf xL a8f g's;fg x} . ljz]if g's;fg dw]lzof]+ sf xf]uf,
cf}/ ox g's;fg hgtf sf] xL p7fgf k8]uf .
olb dw]zL jf:tj d]+ ckgf ;Ddfg ckg] b]z d]+ rfxt] x},+
ckgf clwsf/ rfxt] x}.+ ta pGx]+ ckg] ;Ddfg sf] k|fKt s/g] x]t'
sLdt r'sfgL xf]uL tyf clwsf/ x]t' b]z k|lt ckg] st{Jo eL k'/f
s/g] xf]u+ ] . O;d]+ bf]gf] cf]/ ;], cyf{t dw]zL hgtf cf}/ g]kfn sL
;/sf/, sf] ckg] sdf]{ f/f Ps b";/] s] k|lt ckg] st{Jo lgefg]
xf]u+] . dw]lzof]+ s] lnP d]/f ;'emfj uf+wLhL s] clx+;fTds ;Tofu|x
sL cf]/ xf]uf . ox ;To cf}/ Gofo k/ cfwfl/t O{Zj/Lo n8fO{ xf]uL,
Sof]ls ;Tod]j hot] . ;+t dxfTdf sxt] x}+ . rfnfs nf]u rfnfsL
;] , sdhf]/ cf}/ ;Lw];fw] nf]uf]+ sf wg cf}/ clwsf/ l5gs/ s'5
;do s] lnP wgjfg cf}/ ;Ddflgt ag hft] x}+ . k/Gt', wL/]wL/]
ox kfk pgsf ;j{gfz s/ 8fntf x} . g]kfn d]+ cfh dw]lzof]+ sL
bzf s'5 P];L x} hf] @) jL ;bL s] k|f/De d]+ -nueu ;f} ;fn kxn]_
blIf0f clk|msf d]+ k|jf;L ef/tLof] sL yL . p; ;+jw+ d]+ uf+wLhL g]
hf]xf+;ju{ -blIf0f clk|msf s] /fhwfgL_ s] Go"6fpg dl:hb d]+ Ps
efif0f lsP hf] O+l8ogcf]lklgog d]+ !*.!.!()* sf] 5kf yf .
ckg] ;Ddfg cf}/ uf}/j sL /Iff s] lnP ckgf ;j{:j n'6f b]g]
sL k|/] 0ff uf+wLhL blIf0f clk|msf s] ef/ltof]+ sf] Ps kq f/f b]t] x}+
hf] hf]xf+;ju{ ;] !).!.!()* d]+ lnvL uoL yL tyf !*.!.!()* sf]
O+l8og cf]lklgog ;dfrf/ kq d]+ 5kL yL .
dw]lzof]+ sf] ef/tLo sxgf ox c;To cf}/ a]Od { fgL x} .
pgsL dfgjLo cfjfh sf] ljv+8gafb ;] hf]8gf pgs] -dw]lzof]+
s]_ ;fy 3f]/ cGofo cf}/ g]kfn /fi6 s] ;fy wf]vf x}+ . Ps dftf
lktf sL bf] ;+tfg d],+ Ps tfstjf/ xf] hfo cf}/ b';/f sdhf]/ .
-@*_
p; xfnft d]+ olb tfstjf/ ;+tfg sdhf]/ ;+tfg s] k}ts [ ;Dklt,
k}ts[ xslxt sf] olb rfnfsL cf}/ zlQm s] an k/ x/ n]tf x}, p;]
lg/Gt/ b'Mv b]g] sL k|so[ f hf/L /vtf x} . ta Sof a'9] dftf lktf
sf] ox ;a b]v v'zL xf]tL x} < Sof pgsL cfTdf P];] a]Odfg,
cGofoL ;+tfg sf] b'cf b]tL x} <
Sof ox ;To gxL ls sdhf]/ cf}/ cGofo d]+ k8] ;+tfg s]
lnP dftf lktf, cGofo x]t' Xbo ;] b'cfP b]t] x}+ < pgsL cfTdf
k/dfTdf ;] Gofo x]t' k|fy{gf s/tL x} < ox k/d;To x} O{Zj/ s]
3/ d]+ b]/ x}, c+w/] gxL+ . Gofo Ps lbg cjZo cftf x} .
/fdfo0f d]+ jl0f{t afn;'uL| j kf}/fl0fs syf O;sf pbfx/0f
x} . cfh s] o'u d]+ hxf cg]s b]z ldns/ ;fy;fy sfd s/g] s]
lnP cfu] j9 /x] x},+ lh;sf pbfx/0f xdf/f SAARC blIf0f
PlzofnL If]qLo ;xof]u ;+u7g x} . p; kl/j]z d]+ ljv08g sf]
;f]rgf, g tf] ;To x},+ g ;Dej x},+ g ls;L s] lnP nfesf/L .
ljv08g tf] ljgfz sL cf]/ n] hftf x} , cf}/ ldng >[hg sf ;+jfb
b]tf x} . ljfgf]+ f/f lbP uP ljv08g ;j{gfd tf] cGofo cf}/ zf]if0f
s/g] sf Ps xts08f x} . o; ;To x} ls /fi6 sL d'nwf/f d]+ cfg]
s] lnP dw]zL cfjfh d]+ g]kfn dftf sf cfufw k|d ] k|ltljDat x}
tyf O{Zj/Lo k|/] 0ff x}+ .
dw]z Ps k'/fgtd\ ;Eotf, ;+:s[lt cf}/ Oltxf; sf gfd
x} . b'ef{Uojz cfh O;s] gfd sf cl:tTj eL vt/] d]+ x}+ .
dw]zL s] bogLo xfnft s] lnP pQ/bfoL sf}g <
Sof dw]z sL xfnt u'nfd ef/t h};L x} < O:6 OlG8of
sDkgL ef/t Jofkf/ s/g] cfoL . Jofkf/ s/t] s/t] p;] u'nfd
agfof . O;L t/x ;] dw]z sf] kxf8 ;] ldnfof uof . gfd lbof
uof PsLs/0f . k/Gt' wL/]wL/] dw]lzof]+ sL xfnt :jt+q b]z d]+ ts j+lrt lsof uof . hf] nf]u wgL, dha"t x'P pGx] tf] g]kfnL
u'nfd h};L xf]tL rnL uoL .
-@(_
ha xd ;'gt] x} Ps nueu tL; xhf/ algof]+ s] ;d"x g] -
O:6 OlG8of sDkgL s] nf]u_ aL; s/f]8 zlQmzfnL, a'l4dfg cf}/
:jt+qtf lk|o -p; ;do ef/t sL cfafbL_ ef/tLo nf]uf]+ -lh;d+]
z}Goan eL zfdLn yf_ sf] u'nfd agf lnof, tf] ch"af ;f nutf
x} . k/Gt' ox ;To x} cf}/ O;sf /x:o Sof x}+ < o] tYof+s af]nt] x}+
ls ef/tLof]+ sf] c+uh ]| f] g] u'nfd gxL+ agfof alNs j] :jo+ xL u'nfd
ag uP . P];f k|ltt xf]tf x} h};] lxGb' gfl/of]+ sf] klt sf] k/d]Zj/
dfgg] s] lnP g tf] sfg"g sxtf x}, g ;dfh, g klt, alNs jx :jo+
klt sf] k/d]Zj/ dfgs/ ;dlk{t xf] hftL x} .
cfh dw]lzof]+ s] O; lju8t] xfnft s] lnP sf}g pQ/bfoL
x} < b";/f gxL+ alNs dw]zL :jo+ x}+ . O;sf Sof /x:o x} < Sof]l+ s
ckg] dfg ;Ddfg xs clwsf/ sL /Iff s/g] sL ahfo OGx]+ b";/] s]
xfyf]+ lu/jL /vg]sf ;+:sf/ ckgf lno] x}+ .
ckg] xL b]z d]+ OGx]+ Goflos ;Ddfg cf}/ clwsf/, ;fdflhs
Gofo cf}/ dfgj clwsf/ ;] a+lrt lsof uof x} .
ox sxgf, Ps ;fdfGo ;To sf] k|s6 s/gf x} ls k|To]s
dw]zL sL /fli6o cfsf+IffP xf]tL x}, b";/] -u}/ dw]zL g]kfnL_ O;]
:jLsf/ s/] of gxL+ . ox Ps cnu tYo x} ls ax't/] u}/ dw]zL
g]kfnL -;f} k|ltzt gxL+_ dw]lzof]+ sf] ef/tLo sxt] x}+ cf}/ ef/tLo
nf]u tyf ef/t sL ;/sf/ g]kfn s] dw]lzof]+ sf] g]kfnL sxtL x} .
kmn:j?k o] k]08'nd sL ef+tL em'nt] /x hft] x}, 5't] bf]gf] lsgf/f]+
sf] x} k/Gt' ckg] ls;L s] eL gxL+ xf] kft] x}+ .
nfvf]+ u/La, sdhf]/, ;Lw];fw] dw]zL hf] O; w/tL k/ k}bf
x'P, oxf sL xjfcf],+ cGghn sf] u|x0f s/ O; ldL d]+ v]nt] s'bt]
a8] x'P, lhgs] k"jh { zlbof]+ ;] O; w/tL sL ;]jf s/t] cfP, pGx]+
g]kfnL sxnfg] s] Goflos clwsf/ ;], gful/s g dfgs/, zlbof]+
sxnfg] sf xs tf] ldnf, n]lsg b]zg]kfn sL d"nwf/f d]+ cfg] ;]
-#)_
/f]s nuf lbof uof . OtgL a8L cfafbL ;] punL k/ lug] hfg]jfn]
bf]rf/ nf]u b]z sL d"nwf/f d]+ k|jz ] kfP k/Gt' pGx]+ eL ax't hNbL
xL lsgf/] nuf lbof uof . kl/0ffdtM dw]lzof]+ sf] k"0f{tM b]z sL
d"nwf/f ;] afx/ /vf uof .
g]kfn d]+ d'Vo ?k ;] bf] ju{ ef}uf]lns a;f]af; sL b[li6 ;]
a;t] x}+ . ef}uf]lns c;dfgtf s] ;fy;fy OgsL ;Eotf Pj+
;+:s[lt tyf ;dflhs /xg ;xg d]+ eL c;dfgtf kfoL hftL x} . o]
ju{ x} kxf8L cf}/ dw]zL . oxf kxf8L d"n s] nf]uf]+ s] ;fy ljZjf; cf}/ >4f sf] hufg] a9fg] sL lbzf d]+ k|of; s/ /xf x" .
;d:ofP gxL+ x}+ . k/Gt', dw]zL d"n s] nf]uf]+ s] ;fy ;d:ofP kxn]
eL yL cf}/ cfh goLgoL ;d:ofP cf}/ cftL hf /xL x}+ .
;g\ !*!# s] k"j{ dw]z 5f]6] 5f]6] sO{ :jt+q /fHof]+ sf ;d"x
yf . k|hf/fHo sf] ckgL :jt+qtf, ckgL ;Dk|e"tf k|fKt yL .
uf]/vfnL /fhfcf] g] Plss/0f s] ;do l;km{ h+unf] cf}/ v]tf] sf
Plss/0f gxL lsof, a/g\ jxf s] hg;d"bfo sf eL PsLs/0f lsof .
ox eL O; aft sf k|df0f x} ls dw]zL oxf s] d"n lgjf;L x}+ . ;do
s] ;fy s'5 36gfP 36L xf]uL, hf] :Jfefljs x}+ . ox w/tL dn]l/of
cf}/ x}hf h};] hfgn]jf aLdfl/of] s] cft+s ;] cft+lst /xf x}+ . P];f
x'cf ha dxfdf/L g] ufj s] ufj sf] phf8 8fnf . p; xfnft d]+
nf]u O; hux sf] 5f]8 s'5 blIf0f s] aLdf/L /lxt uf+j d]+ s'5 sfn
s] lnP uP xf]u+ ] . P];] eL hLjf]+ sf Ps hux ;] b";/L hux hfgf
-migration_ k|st [ L sf lgod x} .
alNs ox sxgf Hofbf plrt xf]uf ls nf]u s'5 bzs ;]
kxf8f+] ;] pt/ dw]zL hghfltof]+ sf] pgs] hdLg ;] j]bvn s/, v'b
x8k /x] x} . ox tf] pN6f rf]/ sf]tjfn sf] 8f6] jfnL sxfjt xf]
uoL .
/fi6 lgdf{tf g]+ rf/ hft 5lQ; j0f{ sL km'njf/L g]kfn sf]
sxf . Sof p; km'njf/L sf Ps km'n dw]zL gxL+ x}+ < olb gxL+ x} tf]
jx ls; km'njf/L sf km'n x}+ . olb x}+ tf] p;s] ;fy P];f ckdfghgs
Jojxf/ Sof]+ <
-#!_
ox lglj{jfb x}+ dw]zL, g]kfn km'njf/L s] dw]zL Sof/L sf
km"n x} . Sof/L sf] Sof/L xL /xg] bf] . O;] arg cf}/ sd{ ;] dfggf
xL ;To x}, wd{ x}, sNof0fsf/L x}+ . cyf{t ;/sf/ sL gLlt cf}/
sfof{Gjog ult ljlw Gofo ;] xf]g] rflxP . O;] d}+ b";/] d"n s] nf]u
cf}/ ;/sf/ s] lj?4 gxL+ sx /xf x", alNs jt{dfg kl/l:yt d]+ dw]z
cf}/ dw]lzof]+ sL p7tL wd{, ;To cf}/ Gofo sL cfjfh sf] ;'gt] x'P
;eL d"n s] nf]u s] ;fy k|d ] aGw'Tj, ;befjgf cf}/ ;fsf/ s] k|lt
abnt] xfnft d]+ nf]uf]+ g] Ps cnu kl/efiff sxgf z'? lsof
x} . sxt] x}+ hf] dw]z d]+ /xt] x} dw]zL . cyf{t j] O; ;+bz ] sf]
b]t] x} ls hf] kxf8L kxf8 ;] pt/s/ dw]z d]+ a;f]jf; s/g] nu]
j] dw]zL x}+ . chLaf] u/La l:ylt sf ;[hg xf] /xf x}+ . hf] xfn d]+
kxf8L d"n s] nf]u kxf8 ;] pQ/ s/ dw]z d]+ cfP dw]zL xf] uP .
pgsf clwsf/ xf] uof jxf sL hdLg, xjf, kfgL k/ . Sof]sL ;/sf/
pgs] ;fy x} . hf] dw]zL zlbof] ;] oxf x} . j] k}bf x'P, pgsf 3/
x}, k/ O; hdLg k/ Goflos clwsf/ gxL+ x} . pGx] ckdfg :j?k
ef/tLo sxf hftf x} .
dw]zL kxf8 d]+ hft] x} gf}s/L s/g] s] lnP, Jofkf/ s/g] s]
lnP . sfd k"/f xf]tf x}, jfk; nf}6 cft] x}+ . kxf8L dw]z d]+ cft]
x} gf}s/L cf}/ Jofkf/ s/g] s] lnP . j] gf}s/L cf}/ Jofkf/ s] ;fy
;fy cfkf/ wg sdft] x}, /fh s/t] x} cf}/ u'nfd agf b]t] x}+ d"n
dw]lzof]+ sf] . Sof]ls ;/sf/ pgs] ;fy x} . j] Gofo cf}/ wd{ sf
;fy gxL+ b]t] x} hf] dw]lzof]+ s] kIf d]+ x}+ . dw]lzof]+ s] lxt sf unf
3f]6s/ j] ckg] nf]uf]+ s] kIf d]+ cGofo cf}/ cwd{ sf ;fy b]t] x}+ .
O; l:ylt d]+ d'em] Ps Gofok"0f{ wd{ ;+ut tYo ofb cftf x}+
O:6 OlG8of sDkgL ha ef/t cfoL, xhf/f]+ c+uh ]| cfP . u'nfd
ef/t d]+ eL j] /x] . zlbof]+ ts ef/t ls e"ld k/ c+uh ]| f]+ sL kL9L
b/ kL9L aRr] k}bf x'P, o'jf eL x'P . Sof j] seL ef/tLo x'P < oxL
-#@_
l:ylt clk|msf d]+ /xg]jfn] c+uh ]| s] ;fy eL x'oL . pgs] k"jh { c+uh ]|
y], j] c+uh ]| x}+ seL clk|msL gxL+ x'P .
d}+ ox :ki6 s/ b]gf rfxtf x" ls d]/f P];f ljrf/ gxL+ x} ls
dw]z d]+ a;g]jfn] kxf8L d"n s] nf]u jxf g a;] . d]/f ljrf/ x}
xdf/L k[YjL ;asf ;femf x} . ;a ldnh'ns/ a;] . d]/f sxgf
l;km{ Otgf x} j] ;Qf sf ;xf/f n]s/ ckg] a]xt/ hLjg s] lnP d"n
dw]lzof]+ sf] df}t sL cf]/ g ws]n] . j] pgsf zf]if0f g s/]+ . dw]lzof]+
s] ;fy Gofo xf] . b]z sL d"nwf/f d]+ Goflos ?k ;] pgsf] clwsf/
cf}/ k|ltlglwTj ldn], ;fy xL kxf8L d"n s] nf]uf] s] ;fy cGofo
eL g xf] .
hdLg k/ a8L a]dn ] aft b]vg] sf] ldntL x} . Ogs] ;fem]bf/L
sf /xgf tf] e]8 cf}/ e]l8o] sL bf]:tL h};L nutL x} . dw]lzof]+ ;]
lhtgf nfe ldn ;stf x} jx tf] p7f n]gf rfxtf x}+ k/Gt' ox gxL+
rfxt] ls dw]lzof]+ sf] ltn e/ eL nfe xf] . xhf/f]+ xhf/ dw]lzof]+
sf k|ltlglwTj sf r'gfj eL o] kxf8L d"n s] nf]u rfnfsL ;] hLt
n]t] x} . a]rf/] dw]zL eL Sof s/t], j] ckgL cfTdf sf] df/s/,
hLjg ;] eoeLt xf]s/ pGx]+ ckgf dt b] b]t] x}+ sxt] x} ;Qf
k|zf;g pgs] ;fy x} . dw]zL d"n s] g]tf xdf/f sfd s/f gxL+
kfo]u+] Sof]l+ s kxf8L ckm;/ ljefu d+qfno d]+ a]7] x} pgsL aft gxL+
dfg]u] . ;fy d]+ r'gfjL bf}/] d]+ kxf8L d"n s] g]tf nDaL rf}8L
cfZjfgf] k|nf]egf]+ sf hfn km}nf b]t] x} . ;Lw] ;fw] a]xt/ hLjg s]
cf; d]+ a}7] dw]zL em'7] cfZjf;gf]+ k/ ljZjf; s/ n]t] x}+ cf}/ c+t
d]+ pGx] ldntf s'5 eL gxL+ x}.+ clwsf+ztM P];f b]vf uof o] g]tf
k|ltlglw xf]t] x} dw]zL hg ;d'bfo sf, dw]z sL w/tL sf . n]lsg
ljsf; d]+ ;xof]u j] dw]z sL w/tL cf}/ nf]uf] sf gxL+ s/t] . O;sf
k|df0f dw]z sL w/tL cf}/ nf]uf] sf lk58fkg :jo+ lrNnfs/ b] /xf
x} .
k|hft+q s] lnP n8g]jfn] sf+u; ]| k|dv
' g]tf Pj+ k"jk{ w| fgd+qL
-##_
s[i0f k|;fb e/fO{, hf] kxf8L d"n s] x}, kxf8 d]+ r'gfj xf/ uP, ha
sf+u; ]| sL ljho wf/f ax /xL yL . j] Ps gxL+ , sO{ af/, kxf8 d]+
r'gfj xf/] . c+t d]+ ljho sf ;]x/f dw]z sL w/tL cf}/ dw]zL nf]u
xL kxgfP . ca j] hfg] pGxf]g+ ] O; pksf/ :j?k dw]z cf}/ dw]lzof]+
s] k|lt ckg] st{Jo sf kfngf s};] lsof x} .
cfh g]kfn d]+ cg]sf] 6]nLlehg r}gn sfo{/t x}+ . Og r}gnf]
s] zt k|ltzt ;do cfwL cfafbL s] xL Ob{ lub{ xL ;d]6] /xt] x} .
of] slxP Og ;a k/ cfwL cfafbL sL t:jL/ xL bLvtL x} . afsL
cfwL hg;+Vof uf}0f x} . Sof cfks] lbn d]+ ox efjgf gxL+ p7tL ls
dw]zL t:jL/ Sof]+ gxL+ b'lgof s] ;fdg] < Sof cfksf lbdfu gxL+
rfxtf ls dw]lzof]+ sf eL t:jL/ kb]{ k/ emns] < of lbn efjgf
z"Go cf}/ lbdfu r]tgf /lxt ag uof x} . sO{ af/ nf]uf]+ sf] sxt]
;'gf uof dw]zL d'bf{ xf]t] x} . n]lsg O;d]+ Ogsf Sof bf]if < ox
bf]if x} OgsL efjgfcf]+ cf}/ ljrf/f]+ k/ zlbof]+ ;] xf]t] /x] u'Kt k|xf/
sL . P];L df/ lh;] vfs/ cf+v] g cf+;" axf ;s] cf}/ h'afg g
cfjfh lgsfn ;s] . r'krfk eLt/ sL df/ eLt/ xL ;xtf rnf
hfo .
oxf ;] 5kg]jfn] ;eL b}lgs ;dfrf/ kqf]+ sf] b]v,] ;fKtflxs
kqf]+ tyf dfl;s klqsfcf]+ sf] b]v] j] xL gfd, j]xL t:jL/], pgsL
xL aft],+ pgs] xL sfd . cfw] tf] r'krfk u'dgfd /]l8of] ;'g] . cfw]
;a . cfw] ;fkm . O; ;+aw+ d] d} sxgf rfxgf x" M
z b';/] sf efu -lx:;f_ l5ggf, b';/] sf clwsf/ x8kgf M
qmflGt sf aLhf/f]k0f s/gf x} . ox qmflGt Ps lbg l5gg] cf}/
x8kg]jfn] sf hLgf x/fd s/ b]tL x} .
z ;+tdxfTdf sxt] x} rfnfs rfnfsL ;], sdhf]/ cf}/ l;w]
;fw] nf]uf] sf wg cf}/ clwsf/ l5gs/ s'5 ;do s] lnP
wgjfg cf}/ ;Ddflgt -k|ltli7t_ ag hft] x}, k/Gt' wL/] wL/]
ox kfk pgsf ;j{gfz s/ 8fntf x} .
-#$_
z ;f} lbg rf]/ sf tf] Ps lbg yfg]bf/ sf,
;f} lbg z}tfg sf tf] Ps lbg eujfg sf,
;f} lbg cTofrf/Lhflnd sf tf] Ps lbg dh?d sf .
g]kfn s] kxf8L, dw]zL, lxGb', d';ndfg, af}4, O{;fO{ cflb Ps
xL O{Zj/ sL ;+tfg x} . O;lnP xd ;a ;u] efO{ axg x}+ . ;a;]
kxn] xd ;a g]kfnL x},+ p;s] afb dw]zL, kxf8L, lxGb', d';ndfg,
af}4, O{;fO{ cflb . ha ts xd Og 5f]6] 5f]6] ;+sl' rt ljrf/f]+ cf}/
;Ldfcf]+ ;] pk/ p7s/ cf}/ afx/ lgsns/ s]jn z'4 g]kfnL gxL+
ag]u+ ] tats k|hft+q sf] ;'l:y/, ;'b9[ cf}/ lr/+hLjL gxL+ agf
;s]+u] .
-#%_
?; 6f;+ jfn cf}/ g]kfn
?; d]+ hf/zfxf]+ s] cTofrf/
?; d]+ wgL u/La s] aLr sL b"/L ax't n+aL xf] uoL yL . u/La
P];] lhGx]+ vfg] sf] ;'vL /f]6L eL k|fKt g yL . cdL/ P];] lhgs] s'Qf]+
s] h'7] cGg u/La vf s/ ckgL e'v ld6fg] sf] dha"/ xf]t] . u/Laf]+
s] a9t] b'vf]+ s] sf/0f jxf c/fhstfjfbL sfkmL ;+Vof d]+ pTkGg xf]
uP . nf]u ckg] pk/ xf]g] jfn] h'Nd s] k|ltsf/ d]+ lx+;fTds qmf+lt
k/ pt/ cfP . a8], 5f]6,] :qL k'?if ;af]+ g] ;fx; cf}/ alnbfg sf
kl/ro lbof . lnof] 6fN:6fo, hf] ?;L lgjf;L, kfZrft b'lgof s]
Ps dxfg n]vs cf}/ cToGt :ki6 ljrf/s y] . pGxf]g] &.!(.!(!)
sf] uf+wLhL s] gfd Ps kq lnvf yf, lh;d]+ pg lbgf]+ ?; d]+ xf] /x]
36gfcf]+ sf ;+lIfKt ljj/0f lbof x}+ .
df]=s= uf+wL
6f;jfn
s7f]/tf ;] sf]dntf sf, bk{ tyf lx+;f ;] ljgd|tf j k|d ] sf
7Ls jxL ;+3if{{ oxf+ xdf/] aLr eL k|lt aif{{ clwsflws hf]/] ks8tf
hf /xf x} . ox hf]/ wfld{s cfb]z cf}/ b'lgofaL sfg'gf] d]+ rng]jfn]
Ps tLa|td la/f]w s] ?k d]+ cyf{t ;}lgs ;]jf ;] O+sf/ s/g]s] ?k
d]+ vf; tf}/ ;] lbvnfO{ k8tf x} . ;}lgs ;]jf ;] Ogsf/ s/g] sL
36gfcf] sL ;+Vof /f]h a9tL hf /xL x} .
d]/L /fo d]]+ k'gh{Gd d]+ laZjf; seL eL ptgf b[9 gxL xf]
;stf lhtgf sL cfTdf sL cd/tf tyf O{Zj/ s] Gofo j k|d |] d]+ .
-#^_
 d} eft[ efj ;]] cfksf] clegGbg s/tf x'F cf}/ cfks] ;fy kq
Aoaxf/ xf]g] sL v'zL x}+ .
lnof] 6fN:6fo
Oltxf; ;fIfL x} O; dxfg ;+3if{ s] afjh'b eL ?; hf/zfxf]+
s] cTofrf/ ;] tTsfn d'Qm gxL+ x'cf . uf+wLhL s] ljrf/ cg';f/
O;sf s]jn oxL sf/0f yf ls :jb]zfledfg unt dfu{ k/ e6ss/
v"/h] L k/ pt/ cfof . O{Zj/Lo lgod s] cg';f/ ljrf/ s/]+ tf],
O;;] lx+;f ;] nf]uf]+ sf] t'/t+ nfe gxL+ ldn ;stf .
g]kfn d]+ dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ng ?s'd, /f]Nkf ;] k|f/De x'cf yf,
xf] ;stf x} -;DejtM_ jxf :yfgLo wlgof]+ f/f u/Laf]+ sf zf]if0f
cTolws x'cf . zfob jxf s] u/Laf]+ sf] u/LaL cf}/ zf]if0f sL df/
g] d/g] cf}/ df/g] s] ;+sNk s] lnP jfWo lsof . cfh ox nx/ ;f/]
b]z d]+ km}n uoL . hf] kxf8f] ;] z'? x'oL cf}/ 5f]6] xL ;do d]+ t/fO{
s] ufjf]+ ts kx'r uoL . cfh eL cS;/xf t/fO{ ;] ;+3if{, xTof cflb
sL va/]+ cftL /xtL x}+ .
cTofrf/ sf k|ltsf/
blIf0f clk|msf d]+ k|jf;L ef/tLof]+ s] ;fy xf] /x] cTofrf/ s]
lvnfkm uf+wL sf ;+3if{ hu hflx/ x} . p; ;do clk|msL ;/sf/ g]
Ps sfg"g agfP y] k+hLog sfg"g . ox sfg"g k|jf;L ef/tLof]+
s] zf]if0f sf sfg"g yf . uf+wLhL g] O; zf]if0f s] lj?4, blIf0f
ck|mLsf s] 6f; + jfn s] ef/tLof]+ sf] k+hLog sfg"g sf lj/f]w s/g] s]
lnP Ps h'6 lsof . lj/f]w -;+3if{_ sf /f:tf eL atfP . pGxL+ lbgf]+
uf+wL ;+3if{;d"x s] Ps :ki6 ljrf/s O{;k ldof+ g] ?;L hgtf
k/ hf/zfxf]+ s] cTofrf/ tyf blIf0f ck|mLsf -6f; + jfn_ d]+ ef/tLo
nf]uf] k/ c+uh]| L zf;g s] cTofrf/ sL t'ngf sL yL . o] ;a O+l8og
cf]kLlgog gfds ;dfrf/ kq d]+ 5k] y] hf] lgDg lnlvt x} M
-#&_
>L O{;k ldof+ g] 6f;
+ jfn s] c+uh ]| L /fHo sL l:ylt sf ?;
sL l:ylt s] ;fy ldnfg lsof x} . ox t'ngf s/g] nfos x} . lh;
t/x O; d]+ nf]uf]+ k/ /fHoflwsf/L h'Nd s/t] x},+ p;L t/x 6f; + jfn
d]+ ef/tLo k|hf k/ /fHoflwsf/L h'Nd s/t] x}+ . ?; d]+ nf]uf]+ s] v"g
xf]t] x} j nf]uf]+ k/ v'nc] fd xdnf xf]tf x} . la|l6z /fHo d]+ nf]uf]+ s]
b'Mv oBlk r"x] s] sf6g] sL t/x tTsfn hflx/ gxL+ xf]t,] lkm/ eL
kl/0ffd j};] xL v/fa sx] hf ;st] x},+ === .
?;L nf]uf]+ sL ox dfGotf x} ls /fHo s/g]jfn] ;a cTofrf/L
xf]t] x},+ O;lnP /fHo;Qf sf] gi6 s/ b]gf rflxP . O; s] lnP ?;
s] nf]u l5kL cf}/ v'nL /Llt ;] /fHoflwsfl/of]+ sL xTof s/ 8fnt]
x}+ . P];f s/gf pgsL e"n x}+ . === === === .
5f]6L pd| sL n8lsof+ eL P];f ;fx; s/tL x}+ . ceLceL
Ps k':ts k|sflzt x'O{ x}+ . p; d]+ hf] afnfP+ cd/ xf] uO{ x}+ pgs]
hLjgrl/q lbP uP x}+ . P];L n8lsofF, d/gf tf] x} xL, P];f
;dems/ d/g] sL t}of/L s/tL x}+ cf}/ ckg] dg d]+ b]zelQm /vs/
;Dk"0f{ alnbfg sf ;+sNk s/s], lh;] b]z sf zq' dfgtL x},+ p;sL
xTof s/ 8fntL x},+ cf}/ afb d]+ oftgfPF ef]utL x'O{ clwsfl/of]+] s]
xfyf]+ d[To' k|fKt s/tL x}+ . j] P];L hf]lvd p7fs/ b]z sL ;]jf s/tL
x}+ . O; d]+ pgsf tlgs;f eL :jfy{ gxL+ /xtf . ===
xdf/] lnP k|f0f3fts ;fx; s/g] sL h?/t gxL+ /xL . lsGt'
ckg] z/L/ sf] si6 b]g] sL h?/t x} . p;sf ;jf]Q { d pbfx/0f
6f;+ jfn sf gof sfobf x} . ===
nf]u k+hLog gxL+ s/fo]u+ ,] h'df{gf eL gxL+ b]u+ ,] alNs h]n
hfo]u+ ] . xd dfgt] x}+ ls olb 6f; + jfn d]+ ef/tLo O; lgZro k/
c6n /x],+ tf] pgs] aGwg t'/Gt s6 hfo]u+ ] . h]n pgs] lnP dxn
ag hfo]uL . p;;] a]OHhtL xf]g] s] ahfo pgsL cfa? a9u] L . cf}/
;/sf/ sf] dfn"d xf] hfo]uf ls ef/tLo k|hf sf ckdfg xd]zf xL
lge{o /xs/ gxL+ lsof hf ;stf . chL{ b]g] s] afb hf] xd]+ s/gf
-#*_
rflxP cf}/ lh;] xd gxL+ s/t] ;f] ox x}, ls xd ckg] z/L/ ;'v
sf Tofu gxL+ s/t] . xd ckg] df}hzf}s d]+ 8'a] /xs/ p;] 5f]8 gxL+
;st] . b";/f]+ s] lnP ckg] ;'v sf alnbfg s/gf xdf/f st{Jo x} .
O;L d]+ ;RrL v'aL x}, O;L d]+ v'bf /fhL x}+ cf}/ O;L ;] xdf/f ;Rrf
st{Jo k"/f xf]tf x}+ .
O{l8og cf]kLlgog *(!()^
uf+wLhL g] O; n]v d+] ?; cf}/ blIf0f clk|msf d]+ nf]uf]+ s]
h'Nd, cTofrf/ sf k|ltsf/ s/g] s] t/Lsf]+ sf j0f{g lsof x} tyf
:jb]zfledfg s] lnP JolQmut ;'v Tofu sL ckLn sL x}.+
?; s] hg ;+3if{ s] kl/0ffd sf] b]vt] x'P uf+wLhL blIf0f clk|msf
-6fG;jf;_ s] ef/tLof]+ sf] k+hLog sfg"g s] lj/f]w s] lnP clx+;s
dfu{ atfo] .
c+ttM uf+wLhL s] atfo] clx+;s zlQm ;] 6f+ ;jfn s] k+hLog
sfg"g sL ;dflKt xf] uoL .
-#(_
cy{ cf}/ lj1fgo'u d]+ dfgjtfjfb
at{dfg o'u sf] lj1fg o'u s] ;fy ;fy cy{ o'u s] gfd ;]
eL hfgf hftf x} . oyfy{ d+] cy{ o'u xL Hofbf k|efjzfnL ag uof
x} . Sof]ls lj1fg sf pkof]u cy{ ch{g d]+ ax't Hofbf xf] /xf x},+
hglxt d]+ sd . oxf ts ls hg ;]jf sf >f]t dfg] hfg] jfn]
lrlsT;f If]q d]+ eL lj1fg sL pknlAw sf] ;fdfGo hg s] sNof0f
x]t' sd, s'5 nf]uf] s] lnP cy{ ch{g x]t' ljz]ifs/ lsof hf /xf x} .
hf] sxg] d+] hglxt x}, k/Gt' sd{Jojxf/ d+] hg zf]if0f cf}/ :jlxt
x} . O; o'u d]+ eL uf+wLhL g] ckg] dg, arg cf}/ sd{ ;], hglxt
d]+ hLjg sf ;To cfb{z pbfx/0f s] ?k d] k|:t't lsof x} . pGxf]g]
/fhgLlt sL dfgjtf s] lnP, jsfnt sL dfgjtf s] lnP .
ha j] kxnL af/ blIf0f clk|msf uP, k|jf;L ef/tLo pBf]uklt
Joj:ffoL s] Ps d'sbd] sL jsfnt s] lnP, ta gxL sx ;stf
pgs] dg d]+ cy{ ch{g s] ljrf/ y] of gxL+ . n]lsg blIf0f clk|msf
d+] ef/tLof]+ sL l:ylt b]vg] s] afb, kfr xhf/ kf}08 ;fnfgf
cfDfbgL d]+ latfg]jfn] cf/fdbfoL hLjg sf] 5f]8, cfd k|jf;L
ef/tLo h};f lhgsL cfo nueu tLg ;f} kf}08 ;fnfgf xf]tL yL,
;fdfGo sl7gfO{k0" f{ -pgs] lnP tkk"0f{_ hLjg ;xif{, aLtfg] nu] .
lanfot ;] a}l/:6/ ag], 6fO{ ;"6 d]+ /xg] jfn] uf+wLhL u/La ;] u/La
ef/tLo h};f l;km{ Ps wf]tL s] cfw] efu sf] sd/ s] gLr] afwt]
cf}/ cfw] efu ;] sd/ s] pk/ cf]9t] y] . b";/] zAbf] d]+ pgsf] j:q
sL cfjZostf af}4 leIf'cf]+ ;] eL sd xf]tL . cfly{s b[li6sf]0f ;]
;d[4, ;DkGg tyf k|ltli7t kl/jf/ d]+ hGd] kn] uf+wLhL cf>d d]+
-;fa/dtL cf>d_ ckgf hLjg ljtfo], dfgjtf s] lnP . pgsf
-$)_
ef]hg :jflbi6 gxL j/g\ :jf:Yos/ xf]tf yf . b";/] zAbf]+ d],+ j] hLe
s] gxL+ j/g hLjg s] lnP vft] y] .
k|sl[ t g] hLjg s] lnP hf] ;a;] Hofbf clgjfo{ x}xjf, p;]
d't -lagf k};f, lagf kl/>d s]_ k|z:t k|bfg lsof x} . xjf s]
kZrft hn sL cfjZoQmf x} . hn eL yf]8] kl/>d cf}/ yf]8] k};]
;] pknAw xf] hftf x} . hn s] afb cGg -ef]hg_, hf] :jf:Yos/ xf],
hLjg s] lnP xf], sd k};] d]+ pknAw xf]tf x} . Hofbf k};] vr{ xf]t]
x},+ hLjg gxL+, hLe s] lnP . nDaL cfo' cf}/ :j:Yf hLjg s] lnP
zfsfxf/, hf] ;:tf x}, df+;fxf/ sL ck]Iff Hofbf hLjgbflogL x} .
z/fa, l;u/]6 hf] hLjg gfzs x}, Hofbf dxuf eL x}+ . P];f b]vg] ;]
nutf x} dfgj lgld{t ;d:ofo]+ xL Hofbf x}+ . k|sl[ t tf] hLjg sf
;+bz ] cf}/ hLjg ;fwg ckg] cfk d]+ a6f]/] x'P x}+ .
cfh /fhgLlt d]+ lx+;f k|wfg c:q s] ?k d]+ df}hb' x} . b]z d]+
Ps b]zjf;L b";/] s] ;fy, ljZj d]+ Ps b]z b";/] b]z k/ clwsf/
hdfg] s] lnP lx+;f sf] ckgfg] d]+ nu] x}+ . dxTjfsf+IfL /fhgLlt1f]+
sf] 5f]8, Sof b'lgof sL hgtf lx+;f rfxtL x},+ of zf+lt < ckmuflg:tfg
cf}/ O/fs k/ x'P cd]l/sL xdn] s] ;do, ljZj s] sf]g] sf]g] d]+
lx+;f s] lj?4 k|bz{g x'P . oxf ts ls cd]l/sf d]+ eL xdnf cf}/
lx+;f s] lj?4 d]+ hgdt ;8s k/ cf uP . lx+;f gxL+, clx+;fzf+lt
sL rfx, cfh cfdhgtf s] dg d]+ x} . lx+;f hxf dfgjtf sf] ljgfz
sL cf]/ ws]ntL x}, jxL+ clx+;f dfgjtf sf] ;[hg cf}/ ljsf; sL
cf]/ cfu] a9ftL x}+ .
uf+wLhL /fhgLlt d]+ eL dfgjtfjfbL y] . O;LlnP xdg] pgs]
clx+;f cf}/ ;To s] dfu{ sf] r'ggf pko'Qm ;demf x} . dfgjtfjfbL,
/fhgLlt, ;+t g]tf uf+wL s] ;DaGw d] j}1flgs o'u s] s'5 j}1flgsf],
/fhgLlt1f]+ cf}/ ljrf/sf] s] ljrf/ k|:t't x}+ . zfob ox g]kfnL
o'jsf] sf] gj g]kfn agfg], k'gM zf+lt :yfkgf s/g] tyf g]kfnL sf]
;'v ;d[l4 s] ky k/ cfu] a9fg] s] lnP pTk|/] s l;4 xf]
-$!_
uf+wLhL P];] /fhgLlt1 y], lh;sL ;kmntf g rfnfsL k/ cfwfl/t
yL cf}/ g ls;L lzlNks pkfof]+ s] 1fg k/, alNs dfq pgs]
JolQmTj sL b";/f]+ sf] sfon s/ b]g] sL zlQm k/ xL cfwfl/t yL .
j] Ps P];] ljhoL of]4f y], lh;g] an k|of]u sf ;bf pkxf; lsof .
j] Ps P];] JolQm y], lh;g] o"/f]k sL kfzljstf sf ;fdgf ;fdfGo
dfgjLo oTg s] ;fy lsof cf}/ O; k|sf/ ;bf s] lnP ;a ;] pFmr]
p7 uP . cfg]jfnL kLl9ofF zfob d'lZsn ;] xL ox ljZjf; s/
;s]u+ L ls uf+wLhL h};f xf8 df+; sf k'tnf seL O; w/tL k/ rnf
xf]uf .
can6{ cfOG;6Lg
dxfTdf uf+wL jt{dfg ljZj s] ;a ;] dxfg\ JolQmof]+ d]+ ;]
Ps y] . j] 3f]/ tkZrof{ sf hLjg JotLt s/t] y] cf}/ pgs] s/f]8f ]
b]zjf;L pGx]+ b}jL k|/] 0ffk|fKt ;+t dfgt] y] . j] ef/tLo hgtf sL
:jtGqtf sL OR5f s] k|tLs ag uo], tf] eL j] sf]/] /fi6jfbL xL gxL+
y] . pgsf ;a;] k|dv ' l;4fGt clx+;f sf yf . hf] lx+;f f/f ckgf
nIo;fwg s/g] sL sf]lzz s/t] y], j] pgsf lj/f]w s/t] y] .
SnLd]6 P6nL
n]lgg cf}/ dxfTdf uf+wL sf] d}+ ljZj d]+ aL;jL+ ztfAbL s]
;a ;] dxfg\ JolQmTj dfgtf x',F oBlk bf]gf]+ Ps b';/] s] Psbd
ljk/Lt x}+ . Og bf]gf]+ d]+ uf+wLhL jf:tj d]+ cTolws k|efljt
s/g]jfn] dxfk'?if x}+ . dxfTdf hL :ki6 zAbf]+ d]+ sxt] y], ef/t
5f]8f ] of]hgf d] c+uh]| f]+ s] k|lt tlgs eL 3[0ff sf efj gxL+ . olb
xd pg ;] 8/t] x}+ tf] 3[0ff sL efjgf pTkGg xf]tL x},+ olb eo s]
efj sL nf]k xf] hftL x} tf] 3[0ff sf sxL+ cl:tTj xL gxL+ /xtf .
k|foM ;eL k|dv ' la|l6z g]tfcf]+ g] O; aft sf] :jLsf/ lsof x} ls
dxfTdf hL ;f k|efjzfnL cGo sf]O{ gxL+ .
/]lhgfN8 ;f]/G] ;g
-$@_
 uf+wLhL s] dfgj k|d] ;] tf] xd cTolws k|efljt y] . ha d]/]
uf+wLhL sf b[li6sf]0f d"ntM dfgjtfjfbL cf}/ Jofjxfl/s efgh] lk|; + lblnk sL lk|; + ;] Plnhfa]y -O{un}G8 sL ;fd|f1L_ ;]
yf . b";/] zAbf]+ d]+ j] dfgj hLjg cf}/ d'gio s] ;'v s] clenfifL ;ufO{ x'O,{ tf] ;a ;] kxn] awfO{ sf kq pGxL ;] ldnf . pGxf]g+ ] sxf
y] cf}/ lj1fg of cy{zf:q of /fhgLlt h};] dfgj :kGbg /lxt dfg] ls d}+ s'5 pkxf/ b]gf rfxtf x",F n]lsg d]/] kf; ckgf sxg] sf] s'5
hfg]jfn] ljifof]+ d]+ pgsL sf]O{ lbnr:kL gxL+ yL . eL gxL+ x}, P];L xfnt d]+ d}+ Sof e]h ;stf x",F d}+ gxL+ hfgtf . d]/L
;L=aL= /d0f kTgL cf}/ d]/] ;fy ljrf/ s/g] s] afb pGxf]+ g] xfy ;] ;'t sf6s/
Ps 5f]6f ;f d]hkf]z agjfof cf}/ p;] pGxf]+ g] d]/] f/f ;fd|f1L sf]
d]/L OR5f x} ls ef/t ;] xhf/f]+ dLn b"/ l:yt cd]l/sf e]hf . cfh eL jx d]hkf]z ;fd|f1L s] kf; cd"No lglw s] k d]+
lgjfl;of]+ k/ uf+wLhL sL d[To' ;] hf] k|ltlqmof x'O{ p;] ef/tjf;L ;'/lIft x}+ .
hfg]+ . ox ;fwf/0f d[To' gxL+ x} . uf+wLhL zflGt sL k|ltd"lt{ y] cf}/ ;f/f ;+;f/ pgs] hLljt /xg] ;] ;DkGg yf cf}/ pgs] lgwg
pGxf]g+ ] ckgf ;f/f hLjg ckg] b]z sL hgtf sL ;]jf s] lnP nuf ;] jx bl/b| xf] uof x} .
lbof yf . d]/] b; jif{ s] 5f]6] aRr] sL cf+vf] d]+ cfF;" 5nsg] nu] dfp+t a]6g
cf}/ p;g] sxf, d}+ rfxtf x"F ls olb aGb"s agfg] sf cfljisf/ xL
g x'cf xf]tf tf] a8f cR5f yf .
d}+ pgsL d[To' s] Ps 3+6] afb ;8s ;] xf]s/ sxL+ hf /xL
yL ls PsfPs Ps ls;fg g] d'em] /f]sf cf}/ k'5f, ;+;f/ sf k|To]s
JolQm ;f]rtf yf ls uf+wLhL Ps pQd JolQm y] tf] nf]uf]+ g] pGx]+ df/
Sof]+ 8fnf <
d}g+ ] ckgf l;/ w'gf cf}/ s'5 af]n g ;sL . p;g] ;+st] ;]
sxf, lh; t/x nf]uf]+ g] dxfTdf O{;f sf] df/f yf p;L t/x nf]uf]+
g] dxfTdf uf+wL sf] df/ 8fnf .
cfh ckg] b]z -cd]l/sf_ s] clt pGgt ;}lgsLs/0f s] dWo
xdf/L b[li6 uf+wLhL sL cf]/ hftL x} cf}/ ox k|tLt xf]tf x} ls -o'4
sf gxL+, alNs zflGt sf_ pgsf dfu{ xL 7Ls x} .
kn{as
jx hxf+ a}7t] y], jx d+lb/ ag hftf yf . jx hxf+ rnt]
y] jx e"ld kljq xf] hftL yL .
k+l8t hjfx/nfn g]x?
-$#_ -$$_

clx+;s zlQm
zlQm ;]+ zlQm sf k|ltsf/
;}Go zlQm sf k|ltsf/ ;}Go zlQm xL s/ ;stL x} . lx+;f sf
abnf lx+;f . ;}Go zlQm s] cfwf/ k/ xL zf;s ;Qf k/ :yflkt
xf]tf x} tyf zf;g s/tf x}+ . O; l;4fGt k/ ljZjf; s/t] x'P
dfcf]jfbL ;d"x cfdhgtf sL ;}Go zlQm agfs/, /fi6 ;}Goan sf
k|ltsf/ lso] . O; k|ltsf/ s] bf}/fg, /fi6 hf] ;asf ;femf x}, cf}/
hgtf hf] /fi6 sL ;+tfg x}, sfkmL Iflt ef]uL .
zlQm sf k|ltsf/ zlQm ;] xf]tf x} O;d] d]/f ljZjf; x},
n]lsg ;}Go zlQm sf k|ltsf/ l;km{ ;}Go zlQm ;] xf]tf x} O;d]
g tf] d]/f ljZjf; x} cf}/ g d]/L >4f . cGofo sf ;xg xf] O;sf
kIfw/ d}+ gxL+ x" . d]/] ljrf/ d]+ cGofo sf k|ltsf/ cjZo xf],
cGofoL ;}Go zlQm sf eL k|ltsf/ cjZo xf]gf rflxP, n]lsg
lx+;fTds ;}Go zlQm ;] gxL+, j/g\ clx+;s zlQm ;] . ;}lgsf]+ s]
lx+;fTds sf/jfO{, Ogs] ljhoL sf/gfd],+ dfgjtf k/ 9fx] uP sx/
;] ljZj O{ltxf; e/f k8f x} . O;s] ;fy;fy clx+;f s] zlQm sf
;}Go zlQm k/ ljho, ljZj dfgj sNof0f s] lnP Ps gof sd{ky,
hLjg s] cWoflTds p2]Zo sL k|flKt s] pbfx/0f eL ljZj Oltxf;
d]+ :j0f{ cIf/f]+ d]+ c+lst x}+ . dg'io sf] :jfefljs ?k ;] cx+sf/,
O{iof{, lx+;f sL zlQm, lx+;f sL cfs+fIff k|fKt xf]tL x}, n]lsg Ifdf,
k|d
] cf}/ clx+;f sL zlQm, clx+;f sL cfs+Iff ;eL dg'iof]+ sf] cf;fgL
;] k|fKt gxL+ xf]tL . o] dg'io s] >]i7 u'0ff]+ d]+ x}+ .
uf+wLhL s] g]tT[ j d]+ blIf0f clk|msL ;/sf/ s] ;}Go zlQm sf
k|ltsf/ jxf s] s'5 xhf/ ef/tLof]+ g] clx+;s zlQm ;] xL lsof cf}/
-$%_
c+ttM ;/sf/ s] cGofok"0f{ sfg"g k/ ljhoL /x] . c+uh ]| f] sf ljzfn
;}Go zlQm uf+wLhL s] g]tT[ j d]+ ef/tLof] s] clx+;fTds ;Tofu|x s]
;dIf g 6Ls ;sf cf}/ c+ttM ef/t ;] c+uh ]| L ;Qf sf c+t xf] uof .
gfj]{ h};] /fi6 g] eL ckg] gfhL clwsfl/of]+ sf k|ltsf/ uf+wLhL s]
l;4fGt s] cfwf/ k/ xL lsof cf}/ ;kmn /x] . clk|msL cZj]t g]tf
g]N;g d+8n ] f uf+wLjfbL clx+;s zlQm ;] xL Zj]t clwsfl/of]+ sf
k|ltsf/ s/ ljZj k|l;4 x'P x}+ .
clx+;s zlQm s] dxfg k|of]ustf{ uf+wLhL s] ;+jw+ d]+ pgs]
;dsIf JolQmof]+ s] ljrf/ lnlk a4 lsP uP x}+ . s'5 jfSo v08f]
sf] xd O; cfzf ;] cfu] j0f{g s/t] x}+ ls ljZj s] n8fs" efO{ axg
tyf gLlt lgb]z { b]gj] fnf]+ sf dfu{bz{g xf] ;s]
s'df/L So"l/on n:6/ s] zAbf] d]+ M
O; ztfAbL s] z' d]+ d}+ clx+;f sL eQm ag uO{ . ;fd|fHo
s] lnP cf}/ o'4sfnLg jL/tf s] k|lt d]/f uj{ 6fFN:6fo sL k':ts
t]O; sxflgofF k9g] ;] r"/r"/ xf] uof, lh; d]+ ?;L u|fdhLjg
d]+ O{;f s] lul/k|jrg sf lrq0f lsof uof yf .
d}+ uf+wLhL s] p; kq sf lhqm s?+uL hf] pGxf]+ g] d'em] o/jbf
h]n ;] lnvf yf . ox kq xfy s] ag] sfuh s] 5f]6] ;] 6's8] k/
lnvf uof cf}/ xdf/L s'l6of d]+ k|dv ' :yfg k/ nuf x'cf x} . p;
k/ hf+rstf{ s] x:tfIf/ cf}/ ujg{/ sL d'x/ nuL x}+ . jx O; k|sf/
x}+ lk|o So"l/on, cfufdL si6 ;xg d]+ t'd ;] ;Dks{ /vg] sL
b[li6 ;] o] k+lQmof+ lnv /xf x"F . ox kq t'Dxf/] xfyf]+ d]+ p; ;do
xf]uf, ha d]/] cgzg sf cfwf ;do u'h/ r'su] f . O;s] dxTj gxL+,
ha cfTdf sf cfTdf ;] jftf{nfk xf]tf x}+ . p;d]+ k|fy{gf cf}/ k|flKt
;fy;fy xf]tL x} . t'Dxf/f afk" .
cufyf x}l/;g s] zAbf] d]+ M
cS6'j/ !(#! d]+ d}+ dxfTdf hL ;] n+bg d]+ ldnL . n+bg ;]
-$^_
ljbf xf]g] s] k"j{ uf+wLhL g] xdf/] cGo b]zf]+ s] aLr kf/:kl/s
;b\efj lgdf{0f s/g] sf sfo{ xd d]+ ;] s'5 JolQmof]+ sf] ;f}k+ f . O;
sfo{ d]+ xdnf]uf]+ sf kyk|bz{g s/g] s] lnP ha d}g+ ] pg ;] sxf,
ta j] af]n,] k|e' xL cfk sf] /f:tf lbvfj]u+ ] .
lbNnL cf}/ lzdnf d]+ pgs] ;xjf; d]+ latfo] x'P Og r+b
;Ktfxf]+ sL cjlw d]+ jt{dfg j eljio s] ;+aGw d]+ pgs] ;fy rrf{
s/g] sf d'em] cf}/ Ps cj;/ ldnf . lbNnL ;] ckg] xjfO{ hxfh
s] 5"6g] s] 7Ls kxn] d}+ pg;] cf1f n]g] uO{ . ta pGxf]+ g] nueu
jxL zAb b'x/fP hf] ls kGb|x jif{ k"j{ sx] y] . cyf{t\ eujfg
t'Dxf/f kyk|bz{g s/]u+ ] .
5M xhf/ dLn b"/L k/ l:yt xdnf]uf]+ sf Wofg clx+;fzf:q
ljifos pgs] c+ltd k|of]u sL cf]/ nuf x'cf x} . cfWoflTds
hfu[lt sf Ps P];f k|of; lh; s] ;dt'No pbfx/0f Oltxf; d]+ sd
xL ldn]u+ ] . Og zAbf]+ d]+ Ps ;dfrf/kq g] O;sf j0f{g lsof x} .
>L /fdk'/ ;] d]/] gfd e]h] x'P ckg] Ps kq d]+ j] lnvt] x}+ M oxfF
a+ufn s] Ps b'ud { efu d]+ d}+ x"F cf}/ ckg] hLjgf]2Z] o s] cTo+t
sl7g c+z sf] d}g+ ] p7fof x} . olb oxfF s] ckg] sfo{ d]+ d}+ ;kmn /xf
tf] cfu] s] sfo{of]Uo eL ag hfp+muf .
dfb]nLg /f]nf+s] zAbf] d]+ M
;g\ !(#! O{ d],+ nGbg sL uf]nd]hkl/ifb d]+ efu n]s/
nf}6tL a]/, uf+wLhL g] d]/] efO{ sL hf] d'nfsft nL, -ljQmGo]j
:jL6h/n}8+ d]_+ , p;] d}+ ckg] hLjg sL Ps ax'dN" o :d[lt dfgtL x"F .
Ps lbg d]/] efO{ uf+wLhL sf] o"/f]k sL zf]rgLo l:ylt sf j0f{g
;'gft] x}+ . sxt] x},+ tfgfzfxf]+ s] k}/f]+ tn] s'rn] hfg]jfn] nf]uf]+ sL
bzf a8L xL bogLo x} . u'dgfd cf}/ a]/xd k"h + Ljfb sL h+hL/] tf]8
8fng] s] lnP ;j{xf/f ju{ g] ckg] k|f0ff]+ sL afhL nuf bL x},+ cf}/
-$&_
Gofo Pj+ :jfwLgtf sL efjgfcf]+ ;] k|l] /t O; ju{ s] lnP ca lx+;f
cf}/ ljb|fx] sf ;xf/f n]g] s] cnfjf cGo sf]O{ rf/f xL gxL+ /xf x} .
:jefj, lzIffbLIff Pj+ k/Dk/f cflb ;eL b[li6of]+ ;] klZrd sL
hgtf ceL clx+;fwd{ s] cfr/0f of]Uo gxL+ agL x}+ . ========
;'gs/ uf+wLhL ljrf/ dUg xf] hft] x}+ .
lsGt', pQ/ b]t] ;do, clx+;s zlQms] k|lt ckgL c6n
>4fsf j] k'g?Rrf/ s/t] x}+ .
u'?jf/ tf= !* lb;Da/ sf] ljS6f]l/of xfn s] ljzfn PDkmL
lyo]6/ d]+ uf+wLhL s] efif0f ;'gg] s] lnP nf]uf]+ sL ljzfn eL8
pkl:yt xf]tL x}+ . Og d]+ k"h + LjfbL, z:qjfbL cflb ju{ s] nf]u cfP
x}+ . j] uf+wL lj/f]wL x}+ . ls;L g] l:j6\h/n}8+ h};] t6:y /fi6 sf
pbfx/0f k]z s/t] x'P k"5f, ckg] k/ k//fi6 f/f cfqmd0f lsof
hfg] k/ jx sf}g ;L gLlt a/t] < Sof jx cfTd/Iff g s/] < cf}/
cu/ s/gL xf] tf], Sof O;s] lnP ;}Goan cfjZos gxL+ x} <
lgZrn ls+t' lgZroL :j/ d]+ uf+wLhL af]n] ;}Goan lg/y{s x} .
oxfF s] ;eL gful/s, ofg] :qLk'?if, afna[4 cflb ;eL olb zq' s]
lj?4 ckgL b]x sL lbjf/ v8L s/ b]+ tf] jx sfkmL x}+ . cf}/ cu/
cfqmfds /fi6 Otgf aa{/ ag uof ls Og ;af]+ sf] df}t s] 3f6
ptf/ b], tf] sd ;] sd OtgL df}t cjZo xL ;'kmn b]uL .
b";/f ;jfn ju{lju|x s] ;DaGw d]+ yf . O;s] hafj d]+
uf+wLhL af]n,] >dhLjL, v'b xL ckgL tfst ;] cghfg x}+ . cu/
pGx]+ O;sf efg xf] cf}/ j] hu k8] tf] k"h + Ljfb sL Odf/t h?/ xL
9x hfo]uL, Sof]+ ls ;+;f/ d]+ Ps dfq >d xL zlQmzLn x} .
P8d+8 lk|j6} s] zAbf]+ d]+ M
uf]nd]hkl/ifb sL ;dflKt s] afb uf+wLhL l:j6\h/n}8+ kx'r+ ].
jxfF nf]hg] cf}/ lhg]jf d]+ xdg] pgs] JofVofgf]+ sf cfof]hg lsof .
oxf+ Ps j[4 g] pg;] k"5f, Sof p; pkb]z sf] bf]x/ft] ;do, hf]
-$*_
ls cfh ;] bf] xhf/ jif{ k"j{ O{;f d;Lx ;+;f/ sf] b] uo] Pj+ lh;
sL c;kmntf sL ;fIfL Oltxf; b] /xf x}, cfk lg/fzf cg'ej gxL+
s/t] <
O;sf hf] hafa uf+wLhL g] lbof jx lhGbuL e/ d}+ e"n gxL+
;stf .
lstg] jif{ af]n] cfk < ckgL :jfefljs d':s'/fx6 ;]
uf+wLhL g] k"5f .
d}g+ ] sxf ls ljut aL; ztflAbof]+ ;] Joy{ xL Og aftf]+ sf
k|rf/ lsof hf /xf x} . j[4 g], hf] Ps ;fDojfbL yf, hafa lbof .
tf] Sof a'/fO{ sf abnf enfO{ r'sfg] h};L b"?x aft ;Lvg]
s] lnP bf] xhf/ jif{ sL cjlw cfksf] ax't clws dfn"d xf]tL x}+ <
uf+wLhL sf k|To'Q/ /xf .
dfgjhflt s] Oltxf; d]+ c+lst uf+wLhL s] sfof]+{ f/f Otgf
tf] cjZo xL l;4 xf] hfo]uf ls sd;]sd Ps /fi6 g] pgs]
pkb]zf]+ Pj+ ckgL cfWoflTds k/Dk/f s] k'0ok|efj s] an k/
:Jfb]z sL Ps dxfg\ dfgjtfjfbL :jfwLgtfk|flKt s] lnP zflGt sf
dfu{ u|x0f lsof . P];L 36gf s] afb ;+;f/ sf qmd sbflk k"jj{ t\
agf gxL+ /x ;stf . oxfF ts ls gfj{] h};] /fi6 g] eL ckg] gfhL
clwsfl/of]+ sf k|ltsf/ s/t] ;do uf+wLhL ;] k|fKt k|/] 0ff sf xL
cjn+ag lsof .
aDaO{ d]+ cfof]lht lj/f6\ ;fj{hlgs ;ef d]+ xdg] dg xL dg
O; ef/tLo g]tf sL ;+odzLn jf0fL sL o"/f]k s] /fi6Lo g]tfcf]+ sL
lj]if km}nfg]jfnL kfzjLjf0fL ;] t'ngf sL . uf+wLhL nf]uf]+ sf]
clx+;f kfng ;DaGwL k|lt1fcf]+ sL ofb lbnf /x] y] cf}/ sx /x] y]
ls k|To]s ef/tLo :qL, k'?if, c+uh ]| ckm;/f]+ Pj+ pgs] s'6l+' aof]+ sL
hfgdfn cf}/ cfa? sL ;ts{tfk"js { /Iff s/], Otgf xL gxL+, alNs
df}sf cf k8g ] k/ O;s] lgldQ ckg] k|f0f ts xf]dg] s] lnP t}of/
/x]+ . xd pgs] lj?4 gxL+ n8 /x] x},+ xd n8 /x] x}+ p; zf;g
-$(_
k|0ffnL s] lj?4, hf] ls pgsf pkof]u s/ n]tL x} j] af]n] .
Ps af/ ckg] nf]uf]+ s] aLr v8] uf+wLhL g] r+b zAbf]+ d]+ eo
sL efjgf k/, hf] ls lx+;f sf k|wfg z:q x}, k|sfz 8fnf . af]n,]
ckg] wg of k|f0ff]+ sL xflg s] eo ;] d'Qm xf]t] xL cfk ckg] lj/f]wL
sf wL/f]bfQ j[lt ;] ;fdgf s/ ;s]u+ ,] cf}/ P];f s/t] ;do cfk s]
dg d]+ p; s] k|lt k|d ] efj xL /x]uf .
O;L k|sf/ ha snsQ] d]+ xd g] ef/t s] dxfslj /jLGb|gfy
7fs'/ ;] e]6+ sL ta uf+wLhL sL ;j{ >]i7 sfo{l;l4 s] ;DaGw d]+
ckg] ljrf/ JoQm s/t] x'P jx af]n,] pGxf]g+ ] xdf/] b]zjfl;of]+ sf]
lge{o agfs/ ]if cf}/ b+e ;], hf] ls Ps ;fy /xt] x},+ d'Qm xf]g] sL
lzIff bL x} .
:jhgf]+ s] k|lt uf+wLhL s] k|d
] efj sL sf]O{ ;Ldf gxL+ . ls+t'
ox k|d ] sbflk c+wf gxL+ xf]tf . hgtf sf] :jfwLgtfk|flKt s]
cf+bf]ng d]+ o'4 sL ck]Iff clws cR5f dfu{ u|x0f s/g] sf cEo:t
agfgf xL ckgf hLjgf]2Z] o x} ox aft uf+wLhL cg]s af/ b'x/f r's]
x}+ . lx+b :j/fHo c+ltd ;fWo gxL+, clkt', p;sL k|flKt s] x]t'
rnfof uof clx+;s cf+bf]ng dfgjLo Oltxf; sf Ps clegj
k|of]u Pj+ o'4 sf cGt s/g] sL lbzf d]+ p7fof uof Ps sbd dfq
x}+ .
clx+;s zlQm g]kfn d]+
Sof g]kfn sL w/tL k/ clx+;s zlQm sf ljsf; gxL+ xf]
;stf x}+ < Sof oxf sL hgtf clx+;s zlQm s] cfwf/ k/ /fi6 d]+
Goflos /fhg}lts kl/jt{g gxL+ nf ;stL <
g]kfn sL ldL sf s0f s0f cfWoflTds zlQm ;] e/k'/ x} .
g]kfn k'q a'4 s] r/0ff+] d]+ pmunLdfn sf z/0ffut xf]gf Sof ox
lx+;f k/ clx+;f sf ljho gxL x}+ . g]kfn d]+ ljqmd ;+at @)$^
-O{=;= !(()_ d]+ ljgf ls;L lx+;fTds cfGbf]ng s] ax't a8f
-%)_
/fhg}lts kl/jt{g cfof . hgtf sf] /fhf ;] clwsf/ k|fKt x'cf
of] sx] k|hft+q cfof . @)$^ ;fnsf kl/jt{g O; ;To sf b\of]ts
x} ls O;;] eL clws clwsf/ hgtf s] xfy cf ;stL x}, lagf
ls;L lx+;fTds cfGbf]ng s] .
wd{ sL w/tL x} g]kfn . O;sf s0fs0f cfWoflTds zlQmof]+
;] cf]tk|ft] x} . Og cfWoflTds zlQmof]+ ;] g]kfnL ;+sNk s] ;fy
dxfg cfTdan cf}/ g}ltsan k|fKt s/g] sL Ifdtf /vtf x} .
lh;;] ox ;kmn ;Tofu|xL ag ;stf x} . cf}/ clx+;f s] /f:t] ;]
ckg] ;eL /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs, cfly{s d;n] sf] Gofof]lrt k
d]+ abn ;sg] d]+ ;fdYo{jfg hfg k8tf x} .
-%!_
uf+wLhL s] s'5 ;Daf]wg
Go"6fpg dl:hb d]+ efif0f
-blIf0f clk|msf s] hf]xf+;ju{ d]+ Go"6fpg dl:hb d]+ uf+wLhL s]
lbP uP efif0f sf Ps c+z_
b]z tf] sfg"g sL d"n efjgf d]+ x} . O{;f d;Lx g] sxf x},+
eujfg sf] ls;L g] gxL+ b]vf, Sof]+ ls jx cz/L/L tTj x} . p;L
k|sf/ O; sfg"g sf cGtlg{lxt tTj eL zAbf]+ ;] k|s6 gxL+ lsof hf
;stf x}+ . x/ ef/tLo O; tTj sf cg'ej s/tf x}+ cf}/ cg'ej
s/g] k/ p;;] p;L k|sf/ b"/ /xgf rfxtf x} lh; k|sf/ z}tfg ;] .
sfg"g ;d"r] ef/tLo ;dfh s] lt/:sf/ k/ cfwfl/t x}, cf}/ hg/n
:d6\; s] ox sx b]g] ;] ls j] ef/ltof]+ s] ;fy plrt cf}/ Gofok"0f{
jtf{j s/gf rfxt] x},+ tlgs eL cGt/ gxL+ k8tf . km};nf pgs]
sfdf]+ k/ lbof hfgf rflxP, pgs] zAbf]+ k/ gxL+ . xdf/] b]vg] d]+ ox
cfof x} ls yf]yL k|lti7f s] sf/0f ;/sf/, hf] s'5 xd :j]R5f ;] b]gf
rfxt] x}+ p;] n]g] sf] t}of/ gxL+ x} cf}/ xd]+ u'nfdf]+ sL t/x b]g] k/
ljjz s/gf rfxtL x} . JolQmut :jtGqtf;DaGwL dfdnf]+ d]+
clgjfo{tf teL nfbL hf ;stL x} ha ;DalGwt JolQm u'nfd xf] .
cu/ cfk ox l;4 s/ lbvfo]+ ls Hofbft/ ef/tLo sfg"g sf]
:jLsf/ s/g] s] ahfo h]n, ckdfg, ckg] dfnc;afa sL hAtL
ox ;a ;xg s/g] sf] t}of/ x}+ tf] p; xfnt d]+ hg/n :d6\;, rfx]
pgs] kf; sf]O{ hfo] of g hfo], sx]u+ ,] a]zs, o] P];] nf]u x},+ lhGx]+
d}+ ckgf gful/s sxg] d]+ uj{ dfg"u+ f, lhGx]+ d}+ ckgf ;dsIf
;xgful/s ;dem"u+ f cf}/ hf] /fi6 s] sfd s] xf]u+ ] . lsGt' olb cfk
df]r{] k/ O; t/x g 86] tf] hg/n :d6\; a]zs ox eL sx]u+ ,]
-%@_
cR5L aft x}, !),)))-b; xhf/_ ef/tLo pklgj]z d]+ /x],+ xd
pGx]+ s'Qf]+ sL t/x /v ;st] x}+ cf}/ ckgL df}t d/g] b] ;st] x}+ .
lsGt' olb pGx]+ zfgbf/ d[To' dg'iof]lrt d[To' kfgL x}+ tf] p;s]
lnP pgs] ;fdg] Ps xL dfu{ x} . ========== d]/f Vofn x}, olb
pklgj]z sf] ox ljZjf; xf] hfo] ls xd nf]u ;Rr] x},+ ckg] p2]Zo,
b]z, wd{ cf}/ cfTd;Ddfg s] lnP si6 ;xg] sf] t}of/ x}+ tf] ;f/f
pklgj]z Ps :j/ ;] hg/n :d6\; ;] sx]uf ls cfk sf] OGx]+ b]z
;] afx/ lgsfn b]g] sf clwsf/ gxL+ lbof uof x}+ . o] eljio d]+ sf]O{
cfj|hg gxL+ rfxt]+ hf] ;dfh O; k|sf/ sf ;+3if{ s/g] sL Ifdtf
/vtf x},+ jx unt 9+u sL xf]8 d]+ gxL+ pt/]uf cf}/ P];] ls;L eL
sfg"g sf] dfg n]uf hf] ;eL s] en] s] lnP agf xf] , d'L e/
b"sfgbf/f] sL enfO{ s] lnP x/luh gxL+ . olb b]z s] ;j{;fdfGo
lxt s] lnP b"sfgf] sf lgodg s/gf cfjZos xf] tf] ckgL cf]/ ;]
xdg] c;+Vo af/ P];f s/g] sf] sxf x} . === === === -xif{ Wjlg_
O+l8og cf]kLlgog !*!!()*
blIf0f clk|msf s] ef/tLof]+ sf] c+ltd ;+bz
] !%=&= !(!$ s] k"j{
hf]xf+;ju{
!)!!()*
:jfledfg Pj+ cfTd;Ddfg sL /Iff s] lnP xd]+ a8] ;]a8] Tofu
s/g] sf] tTk/ /xgf xf]uf . teL xd ckg] uf}/j sL /Iff s/ ;s]u+ ] .
hf] ef/tLo s}b d]+ uo] x},+ j] s}b d]+ /x]u+ ] . ox ;dem n]gf
rflxP ls O; c;]{ d]+ 6f; + jfn s] ef/tLo hf] s'5 s/]u+ ] p;L k/
hLt lge{/ /x]uL . ;/sf/ g] s'5 nf]uf]+ sf] s}b lsof, ox ax't
cR5f lsof . kL5] /xg]jfn] ef/tLof]+ sL ca k"/L t/x s;f}6L xf]uL .
sdhf]/ d'gio 8/]u+ ] . An{sn]u snd'x+ ] t/xt/x sL aft]+
agfo]u+ ] . O; k|sf/ sL Ps eL aft ;] l8ugf gxL+ rflxP . ckg]
-%#_
axfb'/ efO{of]+ ;] d]/L ljgtL x} ls j] zky sf] g e"ns/ lxDdt /v]+ .
n8fO{ z' s/t] ;do xL xdg] ;f]r /vf yf ls ;as'5 vf]
b]u+ ,] n]lsg v"gL sfg"g sf] dfgs/ :jfledfg gxL+ ujfo]u+ ] . c+uh ]| f]+
d]+ :jfledfg s] lnP -b]z s] lnP_ ;a s'5 ujf b]g] s] ;}s8f]+
pbfx/0f ldnt] x}+ . O;L k|sf/ xd eL s/]u+ ] teL dg'io ag]u+ ]
dg'io /x]u+ ] . === === === ===
p; v'bfO{ n8fO{ d]+ lh; t/x lxDdt sL h?/t x} p;L t/x
;To sL eL x} . === === === ===
ofb /vgf rflxP ls lagf cfjZoQmf s] sf]O{ ;xfotf g
df+u] . cf}/ ;xfotf :jk hf] k};f cyjf cgfh pgs] xfy d]+ cfo],
p;sf pkef]u cTo+t k|dfl0fstf ;] s/]+ .
O; n8fO{ d]+ xdf/] ;eL ;b\u0' ff]+ sL cfhdfOz xf]uL . b'u0{' f
hflx/ xf]s/ ;fdg] cf hfo]u+ ] . === === === === ===
O+l8og cf]kLlgog !*!!()*
blIf0f ck|mLsf s] ef/tLof]+ sf] kq
hf]xf+;ju{
Kof/] efO{ cyjf axg,
d} blIf0f clk|msf 5f]8s / hf /xf x"F . O; ;do d]/f dg bf] zAb
lnv hfg] sf] rfxtf x} .
O; b]z d]+ -ckg] k|lt_ ef/ltof] s] k|d] sf d}+ g] hf] cg'ej
lsof x} jx cufw x} . d]/f ljZjf; x} ls P];f k|d ] lbvfg] jfnL k|hf
;b}j, pGglt s/]uL . xdf/f ;dfh cs[t1 x} d}+ P];] zAb ;'gtf
xF" . d]/f cGtMs/0f ox ;fIfL b]tf x} ls o] c1fgjz cf}/ ptfjnL
d]+ sx] x'P zAb x}+ .
O; b]z d]+ ef/ltof] s] zf+lt ;] /xg] s] ;/n cf}/ pQd pkfo
x}+ . -cd's_ lxGb", d';ndfg, O{;fO{ cf}/ kmf/;L x}_ O; wd{i] f sf]
-%$_
e"n hfcf] . a+ufnL, db|f;L, u'h/ftL, k+hfaL s] k|fGtLo e]b sf] gi6
s/ bf] . a|fXd0f, IfqLo, j}Zo cf}/ z"b| cflb j0ff]+{ d]+ ljeflht
s/g]jfn] p+rgLr s] ljrf/f]+ sf] Tofu bf] . ;a ef/ltof]+ sf] Ps xL
sfg"g sf d'sflanf s/gf x} . p;s] lj?4 xd cnucnu xf]s/
s};] n8 ;st] x+} < olb g]tfu0f :jfyL{, nf]eL, cfn;L, em"7] cf}/
ljifoef]uL xf]+ tf] hgtf seL eL pGglt gxL+ s/ ;stL . O;L k|sf/
cu/ hgtf lk58L x'O{ xf] tf] bf]if p; d]+ g]tfcf]+ sf dfgf hfo]uf
cf}/ j] xL kfk s] efuL eL xf]u+ ] .
xdnf]u ax't uGb] x+} cf}/ k};] s] nf]e ;] OtgL gLrtf sf
Jojxf/ s/t] x} ls uf]/L k|hf vLem p7tL x}, O; d+] pgsf bf]if gxL+
x} . olb g]tfu0f k|oTg s/+] tf] hf] uGbuL b]vg] d]+ cftL x} jx b"/ xf]
;stL x} .
Ol8og cf]kLlgog ;dfh sL ;]jf s/g] s] lnP xL k|sflzt
lsof hftf x} . lkmlgS; ;+:yf eL O;L sf/0f rnfO{ hftL x} . jxf+
hf] nf]u /xt] x}+ j] jxf+ wg sdfg] s] p2]Zo ;] gxL+ /xt] . j] s]jn
ptgf xL wg n]t] x+} lh;;] j] ;fbf cf}/ u/LaL sf hLjg Joltt s/
;s] . olb ;dfh g] Og kl/l:yltof+] d]+ sfd s/g]jfn] nf]uf]+ sL
;]jfcf]+ sf kmfobf gxL+ p7fof tf] jx wf]vf vfo]uf .
cf}/ cGt d]+ ox sxgf rfxtf x"F ls ;dfh sf 5'6sf/f p;s]
ckg] xfy x} cf}/ p;sf pkfo x}, ;Tofu|x .
d]/L sfdgf x} sL d]/+ ] xfyf]+ hfg]cghfg] olb ls;L ef/tLo
sf clxt x'cf xf] cyjf ls;L sf] si6 ldnf xf] tf] jx cf}/ eujfg
d'em] Ifdf s/]+ .
d}+ ;Tofu|xL tf] x"F xL cf}/ pDdLb x} ls /x"u+ f eL, n]lsg ut
lb;Da/ d]+ d'em k/ lu/ld6 sf ljz]if k|efj k8f oxfF ts ls d'em]
u'h/ftL nf]u lu/ldl6of sxg] nu], O;lnP ====================
d} x"F
;dfh sf lu/ldl6of
df]xgbf; s/drGb uf+wL
-%%_
hgtf cf}/ /fi6 sL ;]jf
xfd|f] /fhf xfd|f] b]z k|f0f eGbf Kof/f] 5
-xdf/f /fhf, xdf/f b]z k|f0f ;] eL Kof/f x} ._
olb hgtf ckg] k|f0ff] ;] eL lk|o ckg] /fhf cf}/ ckg] b]z
sf] dfgtL x}, ta zfob /fhf ckg] k|f0ff] ;] lk|o ckgL k|hf cf}/ b]z
sf] 7fgt] xf]u+ ] . P];L sxflgof+ Oltxf; d] ldntL x} ls /fhf /flq s]
;do e]if abns/ k|hf s] b'v;'v, tyf /fHo clwsf/L sf k|hf s]
k|lt GofocGofo sf ;xL hfohf n]g] sf k|of; s/t] y] . /fhf k|hf
cf}/ b]z x]t' ckgf ;j{:j alnbfg s/ b]t] y] . ckg] b]z s] lnP
hfgt] hfgt] df}t s]f alnbfg s] ?k d]+ :jLsf/ s/g]jfnf]+ d]+ ef/tLo
k|wfg d+qL O+lb/fhL x'O{ . ;dfh tyf /fHo s] ;+rfng d]+ Gofo sf
ax't a8f dxTjk"0f{ :yfg atfof uof x} . d'em] nutf x} ls Gofo
/fi6 ;Qf ;+rfng sf k|f0f x}+ .
/fi6 zf;g tyf /fi6 cWoIf s] cg]sf]+ ?k b]vg] d]+ cft] x}+ .
/fht+q, k|hft+q, u0ft+q, ;}lgs zf;g, /fhf, /fi6klt, tfgfzfx
OToflb . jf:tj d]+ sfn :yfg kl/k]Io cf}/ hghLjg s] cg'?k Og
k4ltof]+ d]+ abnfj cftf hfg k8tf x} . ;asf p2]Zo x} dfgj
hLjg sf] a]xt/, ;'vdo, ;d[l4k"0f{ cf}/ zf+ltdo agfgf . jt{dfg
;do d]+ eL ax't ;] ljsl;t klZrdL b]zf]+ d]+ eL /fht+q x}+ . b]z
ljsl;t x} . hgtf ;'vL ;DkGg x} . P];f lglZrt x} ls jxf s] /fhf
cf}/ hgtf d]+ s'5 P];L v'laof x},+ hf] b]z sf] ljsl;t lsP cf}/
hgtf sf] ;'vL;d[4zfnL agfP . ljsf;zLn b]zf] d]+ P];] cg]s b]z
x} hxf k|hft+q x}, u0ft+q x} lkm/ eL ;}lgs zf;g af/ af/ xf]tf /xf
x} . Sof ox ;To gxL+ ls jxf s] g]tf d]+ P];L s'5 vfldof xf]uL hf]
-%^_
;}lgs zf;g sf] cfd+lqt sL xf]uL <
cfh g]kfn c/fhstf s] bf}/ ;] u'h/ /xf x}+ . /fht+q s]
lj?4 gf/]jfhL xf]t] x}, h'n; ' lgsnt] x}, u0ft+q sL df+u xf] /xL x}+ .
dfcf]jfbL;/sf/ ;Demf}tf k"j,{ ax't ;] kxf8L If]qf] d]+ pgsf xL
zf;g yf, afx/ ;] hfg]jfnf]sf] j] k|jz ] f1f -VISA_ b]t] , hf] p;
If]q s] lnP clwsfl/s kq xf]tf tyf ;'/Iff s] b[li6sf]0f ;] eL ax't
dxTjk"0f{ xf]tf . ;fy xL ;fy dw]zL d'lQm df]rf{ s] aGb cfx\jfg
dw]lzof] s] xslxt s] lnP Ps ;zSt cfjfh tyf sfo{qmd s] ?k
d]+ cft] bLvt] x} .
Oltxf; ;fIfL x} g]kfn d]+ /fh;Qf b]z d]+ cdg r}g nfgf
rfxtL yL ;}lgs an s] cfwf/ k/ . dfcf]jfbL ;Qf n]gf rfxt] y]
aGb"sL sf/jfO{ s] an k/ . /fhgLlts kfl6{of+ ;Qf ;+rfng s/gf
rfxtL yL jf]6 s] an k/ . n]lsg b]z cf}/ hgtf sL ;]jf s/gf
sf}g rfxt] x} < Sof jt{dfg l:ylt g]kfnL g]tfcf]+ sL cof]Uotf sf
k|df0f gxL+ x}+ <
cfh cfjZostf O; aft sL x} ls x/ g]kfnL /fhf,
clwsf/L, g]tf, ;fdfGohg, Joj;foL x/ cfbdL b]z lxt d]+ sd{
s/] . ;]jf sL cf8 d]+ zf]if0f, enfO{ sL cf8 d]+ a'/fO{, Gofo sL cf8
d+] cGofo, wd{ sL cf8 d+] cwd{, zflGt sL cf8 d+] czflGt, h};]
sdf]{ sf] 5f]8] . /fi6 lxt d]+ af]ngf, kqf]+ d]+ lnvgf k/Gt' sd{
/fi6lxt d]+ g s/gf b]z, hgtf, O{Zj/ tyf ckgL cfTdf s] ;fy
wf]vf x} . cf}/ wf]vf v'b sf] eL Ps lbg wf]vf b] hftf x} . cfOo], ca
xd, b]z lxthglxt d]+ lsP ckg] ;+sNkf]+ argf]+ sf] wd{;u+ t sd{
?k b]+ .
hgtf cf}/ b]z sL ;]jf sL lbzf d]+ g]kfn s] k8f];L b]z tyf
blIf0f PlzofnL+ If]qLo ;xof]u b]zf]+ s] Ps ;b:o, e'6fg s] g/]z g]
cg'7f pbfx/0f k|:t't lsof x}+ .
lxdfno sL uf]b d]+ a;] &^)) km'6sL pFrfO{ k/ a;],+ ;ft
-%&_
nfv cfjfbL jfn], ;'Gb/, ;d[4 gGx]+ ;] /fHo s] g/]z g] ckgL
Psd]j clw;Qf vTd s/g]jfnf ;+ljwfg sf k|f?k :jLsf/ s/
sLlt{dfg agfof .
e'6fg g/]z sL cf:yf x} ls ;+ljwfg xL b]z sf efUo ljwftf
xf]tf x}+ . ;g\ @))! d]+ lnlvt ;+ljwfg sL 3f]if0ff s/ hgtf sf]
Ps ax't cg'kd pkxf/ g/]z g] ;f+k} f . O; ;+ljwfg s] k|f?k sf]
t}of/ s/g] sf lgb]z { ;+ljwfg k|f?k ;ldlt s] ;b:of]+ sf] b]t] jSt
sxf yf, ;+ljwfg d]/L cf]/ ;] hgtf sf] pkxf/ s] ?k d] gxL+ b]vf
hfgf rflxP alNs ;+jw} flgs k|lqmof z'? s/gf d]/f st{Jo x} .
tTsflng e'6fg s] ljb]z d+qL lhUd] jfO{= lyGn] g] sxf yf
ls;L g/]z f/f ckg] xL dxfleof]u sL Joj:yf s/g] sf Ps cg'7f
pbfx/0f x}+ . Sof]ls e'6fg g/]z g] ox Joj:yf eL sL ls olb
c;]a+ nL bf] ltxfO{ ax'dt ;] k|:tfj kfl/t s/ b] tf] g/]z sf] eL u2L
;] x6fof hf ;stf x} .
;ft nfv cfafbL jfn] lxdfnL /fi6 e"6fg g/]z ;sn 3/]n'
pTkfbg sL ahfP ;sn 3/]n' v'zxfnL sf] ljsf; sf dfkb+8 dfgt]
x}+ . g/]z s] ljrf/ dxfofg af}4 wd{ ;], hf] !& jL ztfAbL ;] xL
e'6fg sf dfu{bz{s x}, ;] k|efljt x}+ . pgsf dfggf x} ls olb
l;+ufk'/ g] nf]st+q s] cf8+a/f]+ sL ahfP O;sL cfTdf sf] ckgfs/
k|ult sL x} tf] pgsf eL b]z kL5] gxL+ /x]uf .
-O+l8of 6'8,] @% lb;Da/, @))@, /fhkf6 hgtf s] xjfn]
;'ldt ldq k]h%@%#_
-%*_

zf]liftf]+ s] gfd
-zf+lt s] lnP cf}/ cft+s tyf ljWjG; ;] arfj s] lnP ._
Sof cfk zf]lift x}+ <
Sof cfksf] ckdfgk"0f{ lhGbuL hLg] s] lnP ljjz lsof uof
x} <
Sof cfks] dfgjLo clwsf/f]+ sf] rfnfs nf]uf]+ g] rfnfsL ;]
r'/f lnof x} <
Sof ;Qf, zlQm ;] ;DkGg nf]uf]+ g] cfks] dfgjLo clwsf/f]+
sf] n'6 lnof x}+ <
Sof cfk Og aftf]+ ;] cGb/cGb/ 3'6t] x}+ cf}/ abn] sL
efjgf ;] pant] x}+ <
Sof cfk ckg] dfg ;Ddfg cf}/ clwsf/ sL k|flKt x]t' ckg]
hfg sL afhL nuf b]g] tyf cGofo s/g]jfn] sL hfg n]g] s] lnP
b[9 ;+sNk lsP x} <
tf] cfOP, ;[li6stf{ k/da|xd \ k/d]Zj/ cf}/ dfgjtf s] gfd
zf+t dg, v'n] lbdfu cf}/ ljzfn Xbo ;] cfksL ;d:ofcf]+ cf}/
Ogs] ;dfwfg k/ Ps ljx+ud b[li6 8fn] .
zf]ifs cf}/ zf]lift, zfl;t cf}/ zf;s, ;a tf] xf8df+; s]
ag] x} . ;a s] /uf]+ d]+ Ps xL v'g ax /xf x}+ cf}/ ;a d]+ Ps cd/
cfTdf ljBdfg x} . ;as] sdf]{ sf n]vfhf]vf Ps xL O{Zj/ /vtf hf
/xf x} .
k|foM ;eL wdf]{ s] nf]u, O{Zj/ sf] dfgg] tyf g dfgg]jfn] eL,
cfTdf sL cd/tf, cfTdf sL Pstf cf}/ sd{kmn k/ ljZjf; s/t]
-%(_
x}+ . Og ;a s] afjh"b cnu cnu OG;fg s] cGb/ cnu cnu
ljrf/ p7t] x}+ . h};f ljrf/ xf]tf x} j};f sd{ . h};f sd{, j};f
sd{kmn .
olb cfk rfnfs, zlQm;DkGg, cGofoL nf]uf] s] ljrf/f] d]+
kl/jt{g nf ;s], OgsL ;f]r sL lbzf sf] abn ;s] tf] Og
;d:ofcf] sf xn cf;fgL ;] lgsn hfo]uf . ox ;"q rfnfs
/fhgLlt1f]+ cf}/ a]/xd ckm;/zfxf]+ k/ eL nfu" xf]uf . pgs] ljrf/
cf}/ sd{ d]+ kl/jt{g xf]u+ ] . j] eL Ps dfgj x} . kl/jt{g tf] dfgjLo
ljrf/f]+ cf}/ sdf]{ d]+ xf]tf xL /xtf x}+ .
zf;g k4lt cf}/ zf;s bf]gf] xL dxTjk"0f{ x}+ . zf;g k4lt
hf] eL xf], zf;s sxg] sf zf;s cf}/ sd{ sf ;]js xf]gf
rflxP . P];] tf] zf;g k4lt d]+ k|hft+q ;a;] cR5f dfgf hftf
x}+ k/Gt' k|hft+q d]+ olb zf;s sxg] sf hgk|ltlglw cf}/ sd{ sf
hg zf]ifs xf] tf] b]z cf}/ hgtf s] lnP O;;] a8f b'ef{Uo cf}/ Sof
xf] ;stf x} . b]z sf zf;s P];f xf] lh;s] ljrf/ hgtf s] ljrf/
xf], lh;sL af]nL hgtf sL cfjfh xf], sd{ hg;]js h};f hglxt
d],+ /fi6 lxt d]+ xf] . P];f zf;s tf] b]z cf}/ hgtf s] lnP a8f xL
;f}efUo x} .
b";/] -cGofloof]_+ s] ljrf/f] cf}/ sdf]{ sL lbzf abng] sL
sLdt cfksf] r'sfgL k8]uL . sLdt r'sfg] s] cg]s 9+u x}+ . k/Gt',
O;s] lnP kxnL zt{ x} sLdt r'sfg] sL of]Uotf xfl;n s/gf . ox
of]Uotf x} ;j{ k|yd lge{o xf] hfgf . k"0f{tM eo /lxt xf]gf . hfg,
wg, ;Ddfg s] xflg s] eo ;] lge{o xf] hfgf .
-^)_
 lge{o xf] hfcf]
lge{o xf] hfcf]
b";/] sf] eL lge{o agfcf] .
xd ;a ;fy k|fKt s/]u] clwsf/, ;Ddfg, zf+lt cf}/ ljsf; .
lge{o xf]g] sf ox cy{ sbflk gxL+ M
b]z s] lgodf]+ sf] tf]8gf -cfb/ g s/gf_
b";/f]+ sf] bafgf -b'Mv b]gf_
lge{o xf]g] sf cy{ x} ;To, k"0f{ ;To, l;km{ ;To s/gf, cGofo sf
;xg g s/gf, Gofo sf] ;fx; s] ;fy :yflkt s/gf .
uf+wL lge{o y]
pGxf]g] ef/tjf;Lof]+ sf] lge{o agfof,
c+uh]| f]+ sL nf7L ;x], uf]nLof] s] ;fdg] v8] /x]+ .
clx+;f cf}/ ;Tofu|x s] /f:t] ef/t sf] :Jft+q s/fP .
s[i0f lge{o y],
pGxf]g+ ] kf08jf]+ sf] lge{o agfof .
zf+ltk"0f{ Goflos ;demf}tf g xf]g] k/,
sf}/jf]+ sf] b08 lbof cf}/ kf08jf]+ s] lnP Gofo :yflkt lsof .
ox lge{otf xL x},
lh;;] kf08jf] sf] clwsf/ cf}/ ;Ddfg tyf xl:tgfk'/ sf] zf+lt
cf}/ ljsf; k|fKt x'cf .

-^!_