condenser) = Gti) ~ i
82 INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
cts flow steadily out of ino working me
na steam powerplant. Ho
ith air asthe working
1 for making simple analy
hat are eguivalent in performance
rete a am del gas with constant het capacities, the working near,
The Otto Engine
1 > 2. the mintre isthe ignited and combustion occurs rapa ta the volume remains
rly conan hile the presse rss along line segment 2» 3, It ding the tid
stroke + 4" 1) that work is produced. The high empeatre, high pressure prod ar co
8. Production of Power ftom He
Tine segment 3 > 4 the exhaust va
ue fallsapaly at nearly constant volume akong line segment 4 >
1} the piston pushes the remaining combustion
he clearance volume) rom the eylinde. The volume poted
in Fig. Bis the total volume of ws conind in thy
gine between the piston andthe cylinder
head
The effet of inereasng the compression ro define as th
janing and endo the compre
ati ofthe volumes a the
ion stoke, i 0 inrease the efcency ofthe engine.
increase the work proces per anit quantity of fel,
yelled the ai-tandand Otto cycle, shown In Fig, 89. I
onstan-volume tps, which comprise hea-ngine cycle
demonstrate this Yor an idealized
hich inthe working
bed by the i at constant volume to mise its temperature
and pressure 1 the vanes resling fom combustion in an actual Oto engine. Then the sit
is expunded adiabasally and reversibly (step 4), cole at constant volume ep BC) and
ily compressed adiabatically and reversibly to the intl sate at
The thermal eicieney note aestandad cycle shown in Fig, 89 is simply
Substituting these expressions in Eq, (8.3) gives:
$2, Inermal- Combustion Engines ”
oun PV in cond with the
The thermal effceny is etd in simple way othe
ach temperature mE (4) i eplaced by an approprite
= as
id
The Diesel Engine
The Diesel engine fers from the Oto engine primarily in thatthe temperate tthe
‘of compression is sien high tht combustion is intisted spontanecosy. This 8 CHAPTER 8, Pruton of Power fiom He $8.2, Interna Combustion Engines 299
ha pressure, ‘The fel 8 not nse uit
end of the comp
a, oct By detain, the compression sti is + = V/V in adi the expansion
cur a appronimately constant pressure rao is defined
gine has higher eflceny tan the Diesel
‘gin, However piston limits the compression rai attainable nthe Ont engine, The
efor operates athigher cong weal higher ef
Substituting the
——— 1 [rx(urar-! = rotapny—!
Example 8.3, TT |
Sketch the a-standard Diesel cycle ona PV chagram, and derive an equation giving
the thermal efetency ofthis yet in relation tothe Compression rato» aio o 0
umes atthe beghnig and en ofthe compression scp) and the expansion lio
Also P= Pp, and from the ieal-gas equation
(Tato of volumes atthe end and beginning ot ho adabatc expansion step), fotos Bo me BN
Solution 8.3 L ,
The ar-stadard Diesel cycle isthe same asthe aistandard Oto cycle, ex Th Va :
cepltha the heat-asorton step (corresponding tothe combustion proces inthe
ual engine) sat consan presse as ndcted byline DA in Pig. 810 This elation combines with Ea (8)
Fer 10; Arata Did i
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