LEGEND (Latin, legendus, "that which ought to be read"): A legend is "a story or narrative

which lies somewhere between myth and historical fact and which, as a rule, is about a
particular figure or person" (484). It is a traditional narrative often focusing on a specific
location or specific historical figure.

Local Color reflects the characteristic appearance, mannerisms, speech, and dress of a
place or a period. It is a term applied particularly to literature and the arts.
If I write "local colour" instead of "color" that would be English colour. Particularly if I write it with
a "stiff upper lip".

Definition of Ode. An ode is a form of poetry such as sonnet or elegy, etc. Ode is
aliterary technique that is lyrical in nature, but not very lengthy. You have often read
odes in which poets praise people, natural scenes, and abstract ideas. Ode is derived
from a Greek word aeidein, which means to chant or sing.

ODE
Definition of Ode
An ode is a lyrical stanza written in praise for a person, event, or thing. The form developed in Ancient Greece and had a

very specific and elaborate structure involving three parts known as the strophe, antistrophe, and epode. The word ode

comes originally from the Greek word (id), meaning song.

Types of Odes
In Ancient Greek poetry there were three types of odes: Pindaric, Horatian, and irregular

Lyric
Definition of Lyric
Lyric is a collection of verses and choruses, making up a complete song, or a short and non-narrative poem. A
lyric uses a single speaker, who expresses personal emotions or thoughts. Lyrical poems, which are often
popular for their musical quality and rhythm, are pleasing to the ear, and are easily put to music.

The term lyric originates from the Greek word lyre, which is an instrument used by the Grecians to play when
reading a poem.1

Types of Lyric
There are several types of lyric used in poems such as given below:
 Elegy

Ode

Sonnet

Dramatic Monologue

Occasional Poetry

Metaphor
Metaphor Definition
Metaphor is a figure of speech which makes an implicit, implied or hidden comparison between two things that
are unrelated but share some common characteristics. In other words, a resemblance of two contradictory or
different objects is made based on a single or some common characteristics.

My brother was boiling mad. (This implies he was too angry.)

Onomatopoeia
Onomatopoeia Definition
Onomatopoeia is defined as a word, which imitates the natural sounds of a thing. It creates a sound effect that
mimics the thing described, making the description more expressive and interesting.

The buzzing bee flew away.

Paradox
Paradox Definition
The term Paradox is from the Greek word paradoxon that means contrary to expectations, existing belief or
perceived opinion.

It is a statement that appears to be self-contradictory or silly but may include a latent truth. It is also used to
illustrate an opinion or statement contrary to accepted traditional ideas. A paradox is often used to make a
reader think over an idea in innovative way.

Truth is honey which is bitter..

A simile is a figure of speech that makes a comparison, showing similarities between two different things.
Unlike a metaphor, a simile draws resemblance with the help of the words like or as. Therefore, it is a direct
comparison.

Our soldiers are as brave as lions.

REALISM: . (1) Realiism refers to a literary movement in America, Europe, and England
that developed out of naturalism in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. . It is an attempt
to reflect life "as it actually is"--a concept in some ways similar to what the Greeks would
call mimesis. Typically, "realism" involves careful description of everyday life, often the
lives of middle and lower class characters in the case of socialist realism. In general,
realism seeks to avoid supernatural, transcendental, or surreal events. It tends to focus as
much on the everyday, the mundane, and the normal as events that are extraordinary,
exceptional, or extreme.

RENAISSANCE: There are two common uses of the word.

(1) The term originally described a period of cultural, technological, and artistic vitality during the
economic expansion in Britain in the late 1500s and early 1600s. Thinkers at this time and later saw
themselves as rediscovering and redistributing the legacy of classical Greco-Roman culture by
renewing forgotten studies and artistic practices, hence the name "renaissance" or "rebirth." They
believed they were breaking with the days of "ignorance" and "superstition" represented by recent
medieval thinking, and returning to a golden age akin to that of the ancient Greeks and Romans
from centuries earlier--a cultural idea that will eventually culminate in the Enlightenment of the
late 1600s up until about 1799 or so. The Renaissance saw the rise of new poetic forms in the
sonnet and a flowering of drama in the plays of Shakespeare, Jonson, and Marlowe. The English
Renaissance is often divided into the Elizabethan period--the years that "Good Queen Bess"
(Queen Elizabeth I) ruled--and the Jacobean period, in which King James I ruled. (The Latin form
of James is Jacobus, hence the name Jacobean). Typically, we refer to this period as the
Renaissance, often with a definite article and a capital R. You can click here to download a PDF
handout placing this period in chronological order with other periods of literary history.

(2) In a looser sense, a renaissance (usually with an uncapitalized r) is any period in which a
people or nation experiences a period of vitality and explosive growth in its art, poetry,
education, economy, linguistic development, or scientific knowledge. The term is positive
in connotation. Historians refer to a Carolingian renaissance after Charlemagne was
crowned Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire in 800 AD. Medievalists refer to an "Ottonian
renaissance" to describe the growth of learning under the descendents of Emperor Otto I.
Haskins speaks of a "little renaissance" or a "Twelfth-Century renaissance" to describe the
architecture, art, and philosophy emerging in France and Italy in the late 1100s. Even in the
twentieth century, American scholars often refer to a "Harlem Renaissance" among
African-American jazz musicians and literary artists of the 1930s and an "Irish Literary
Renaissance" among Irish writers, to name but a few examples. The capitalization in these
specific cases varies from writer to writer.
Rhetoric- the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the exploitation of
figures of speech and other compositional techniques. It is language designed to have a
persuasive or impressive effect,
he is using a common figure of rhetoric, hyperbole.

Rhyme
Rhyme Definition
A rhyme is a repetition of similar sounding words occurring at the end of lines in poems or songs.

A rhyme is a tool utilizing repeating patterns that brings rhythm or musicality in poems which differentiate them
from prose which is plain.

Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall,

Humpty Dumpty had a great fall.
All the Kings horses, And all the Kings men
Couldnt put Humpty together again!

Rhythm
Definition of rhythm
The word rhythm is derived from rhythmos (Greek) which means, measured motion. Rhythm is a literary
device which demonstrates the long and short patterns through stressed and unstressed syllables particularly
in verse form.

Shall I compare thee to a summers day?

Satire
Satire Definition
Satire is a technique employed by writers to expose and criticize foolishness and corruption of an individual or
a society by using humor, irony, exaggeration or ridicule. It intends to improve humanity by criticizing its follies
and foibles. A writer in a satire uses fictional characters, which stand for real people, to expose and condemn
their corruption.

The social novel, :

also known as the social problem (or socialprotest) novel, is a "work of fiction in which a
prevailing social problem, such as gender, race, or class prejudice, is dramatized through its
effect on the characters of a novel".
 Soliloquy
Definition of Soliloquy
A soliloquy is a popular literary device often used in drama to reveal the innermost thoughts of a character. It is
a great technique used to convey the progress of action of the play by means of expressing a characters
thoughts about a certain character or past, present or upcoming event while talking to himself without
acknowledging the presence of any other person.

Sonnet
Definition of Sonnet
The word sonnet is derived from the Italian word sonetto. It means a small or little song or lyric. In poetry, a
sonnet has 14 fourteen lines and is written in iambic pentameter. Each line has 10 syllables. It has a
specific rhyme scheme and a volta or a specific turn.

Tragedy
Tragedy Definition
Tragedy is kind of drama that presents a serious subject matter about human suffering and corresponding
terrible events in a dignified manner.

Macbeth of Shakespeare tragedy.

Parable
Parable Definition
Parable is a figure of speech, which presents a short story typically with a moral lesson at the end. You often
have heard stories from your elders such as The Boy Who Cried Wolf and All is Vanity, etc. These are
parables, because they teach you a certain moral lesson. Parable is, in fact, a Greek word, parable,
which means comparison.

metonymy: "A figure of speech that replaces the name of one thing with the name of something
else closely associated with it" (CB). The figure is based upon logical connections other than
resemblance. For example, you might use "sail" to refer to "ship," as in "I saw a sail on the
horizon." This metonymy replaces the name of the whole thing with the name of one of its
constituent parts. This kind of metonymy is called synecdoche. Also very common is replacing
the name of a thing with its location, e.g. replacing "President" with "White House," or replacing
"Congress" with "Capitol Hill."

The Three Unites:

Greek and Latin drama were strict in form. The stage represented a single place throughout the action; the plot recounted
the events of a single day; and there was very little irrelevant by-play as the action developed. Aristotle described the
drama of an earlier age in his important work On the Art of Poetry; those who followed his precepts called this disciplined
structure the three "unities": unity of place, unity of time and unity of action.

The "Rules"

Neo-classical Renaissance critics codified Aristotle's discussion, claiming that all plays should follow these three precepts:

Place. The setting of the play should be one location

Time. The action of the play should represent the passage of no more than one day.

Action. No action or scene in the play was to be a digression; all were to contribute directly in some way to the plot.

1. The unity of action: a play should have one single plot or action to
sustain the interest of the spectators and it can also lead him to proper
purgation.
2. The unity of time: the action in a play should not exceed the single
revolution of the sun.
3. The unity of place: a play should cover a single physical space and
should not attempt to compress geography, nor should the stage
represent more than one place.
 MODERNISM: A vague, amorphous term referring to the art, poetry, literature,
architecture, and philosophy of Europe and America in the early twentieth-century. Scholars
do not agree exactly when Modernism began--most suggest after World War I, but some
suggest it started as early as the late nineteenth century in France.

MYTH:. A myth is a traditional tale of deep cultural significance to a people in terms

of etiology, eschatology, ritual practice, or models of appropriate and inappropriate
behavior. The myth often (but not always) deals with gods, supernatural beings, or ancestral
heroes..

Plot
Plot Definition
Plot is a literary term used to describe the events that make up a story or the main part of a story. These events
relate to each other in a pattern or a sequence. The structure of a novel depends on the organization of events
in the plot of the story.

Plot is known as the foundation of a novel or story which the characters and settings are built around. It is
meant to organize information and events in a logical manner. When writing the plot of a piece of literature, the
author has to be careful that it does not dominate the other parts of the story.

Poetic Justice
Poetic Justice Definition
In literature, poetic justice is an ideal form of justice in which the good characters are rewarded and the bad
characters are punished by an ironic twist of their fate.

Scientific fiction is a fiction based on imagined future scientific or technological

advances and major social or environmental changes, frequently portraying space or
time travel and life on other planets.

It is a form of fiction that draws imaginatively on scientific knowledge and

speculation in its plot, setting, theme, etc.
 :
PLAY A play is a form of literature written by a playwright,
usually consisting of dialogue between characters, intended for
theatrical performance rather than just reading.