Thrasymachus
A New Greek Course
C.W.E. Peckett & A.R. Munday
Bristol Classical Press
General Editor: John H. Betts To
E.W. Lockwood
Bv of Geol grrodory, dmoBViaKEL véog
First published in 1965
Revised edition 1970
First published in 1984 by Bristol Classical Press
an imprint of
Gerald Duckworth & Co. Ltd
The Old Piano Factory
48 Hoxton Square, London N1 6PB
Reprinted 1992, 1994, 1997
© 1965 by C.W.E. Peckett & A.R. Munday
All rights reserved. No part of this publication
may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise,
without the prior permission of the publisher.
A catalogue record for this book is available
from the British Library
ISBN 0-86292-139-2
Available in USA and Canada from:
Focus Information Group
PO Box 369
Newburyport
MA 01950
Printed and bound by Antony Rowe Limited, Eastboume PREFACE
Thrasymachus is designed to give pupils in about two years a
working knowledge of the Greek language, 90 that they will then
be able to tackle the ancient texts with some confidence and
enjoyment. The vocabulary, accidence and syntax used is that of
the best Attic authors, and we have tried to introduce these things
simply and logically and in readily assimilable portions. We have
not hesitated, however, to employ good idiom right from the
beginning, even in advance of the strict grammatical sequence
where necessary. At the same time as introducing the elements of
Grammar we have thought fit to give pupils a foretaste of what is
to follow, by retelling, in the way best suited to our purpose, some
of the more familiar of the myths and some of the exciting parts of
the Odyssey. We have not hesitated to quote substantial portions
of Homer’s original Greek whenever we have felt this to be within
the pupil’s power to comprehend without excessive difficulty.
This has inevitably added to the vocabulary used in this book, but
we feel that this is all to the good, as the next step after completing
Thrasymachus ought to be the reading of one or more books of
Homer. We have also added a number of extracts from other
Greek authors from the earliest right down to the New Testament,
most of which can be read during or at the end of the first year of
the course. Asa further contribution to the enjoyment of elemen-
tary Greek we have included, with the permission of Thomas
Nelson, four songs by the late Dr. W. H. D. Rouse, the influence
of whose imaginative teaching still lives on.
We have given a large amount of reading material because we
believe that the best way to become familiar with a language is to
read as much of it as possible. All the reading material in the first wv
half of the book is in dialogue form, in the hope that this will
encourage the reading aloud and the speaking of Greek, and thus
make for livelier lessons. We have printed accents because we
hope that the attempt will be made to pronounce them; in this way,
if learnt from the beginning, they are nothing like as difficult to
absorb as is sometimes alleged.
This book is intended primarily for pupils who have done
enough Latin to have a working knowledge of the simpler uses of
the cases of nouns and adjectives, and of the persons and tenses of
the verb in the indicative. Pupils who know this much should be
able to proceed fairly quickly. It is, however, possible for this
book to be used by those who have done no Latin at all, provided
that their teacher is willing to teach, in his own way, the very
elementary grammar first. Naturally, such pupils will take a little
longer to cover the course, especially in the early stages. The
grammar is introduced step by step in what we feel is a natural
and methodical order, and, as far as is consistent with so idiomatic
a language as Greek, no grammatical principle is used until it is
formally introduced and explained. We have kept our grammatical
explanations to the minimum, as we feel that each teacher is best
able to decide how far a point of grammar needs elaboration for it
to be fully comprehended by his own pupils. Our objective
is the reading of Greek, not the analysis of grammar per se. The
grammar has been simplified as far as possible, but the essentials
are all there.
We recommend teachers to use the reading material first and so
allow their pupils to come across the new points of grammar in
actual use before they are explained. The teacher can give further
examples if they are necessary. The accidence required for each
chapter is printed at the end of the chapter and collected in a
complete conspectus of Grammar at the end of the book. Each
chapter with new syntactical points has at its heading a v
reference to the appropriate portion of the collected syntax in the
complete conspectus of Grammar. The new accidence should be
learnt after each chapter has been read, and the grammatical
exercises (1¢Aeraz) should be used for revision rather than teaching.
With some hesitation in view of modern trends in the teaching of
Classics in this country, we have included English-Greek sentences
and elementary proses, which are largely retranslation. These
should be tackled only when all else concerned with the chapter
has been completed and only then as a test for the teacher himself,
to allow him to discover whether or not his pupils have learned all
he thinks he has taught them.
In the matter of orthography we have tried to follow the best
practices of the modern printing of ancient Greek. We have de-
liberately not been wholly consistent in the matter of elision in the
early chapters, where complete consistency would have caused
unnecessary difficulty, particularly with new vocabulary. Con-
necting particles for the same reason have been used fairly
sparingly in the very early stages.
This book is the result of over twenty years’ active experiment
and practice in the classroom with a wide variety of pupil. We
are confident, therefore, that for the pupils of the age group and
linguistic level we have in mind, it proceeds at the right pace, that
the reading material gives sufficient examples of the grammar it
introduces, and that this is adequately balanced by the right
amount of exercises. The book would never have been begun
without the original inspiration of the late Francis W. Lockwood,
to whom it is respectfully dedicated, and would never have been
completed without the helpful criticisms and suggestions of our
colleague Dr. H. Loehry. We are grateful, too, to the boys of the
Priory School, Shrewsbury, Glasgow Academy and Tudor Grange
Grammar School, Solihull, who bore patiently with the book in
manuscript form but seemed none the less to enjoy it, and in vi
particular to D. J. Ditch, formerly of The King’s School,
Chester, now on the staff of Wolverhampton Grammar
School, for much help with the vocabularies. We are also
indebted to Mr. J. Scott of the Priory School, Mr. E. L.
Haynes of the British Museum and the Curator of the
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, U.S.A., for help with the
photographs. Nor must we forget to acknowledge with
gratitude the generosity of Mr. J.O. Wilding and the patience
of his staff in the printing and publication of the book. If it
succeeds in bringing boys and girls to the point where they can
drink deep of the Pierian spring of Greek literature, we shall
be more than repaid for its labour.
C.W. E. Peckett
A. R. Munday
We are deeply grateful to Mr. John Betts and the Bristol
Classical Press for rescuing Thrasymachus from a fate worse
than Hades and restoring him to print after a few years in the
darkness. INTRODUCTION
The people whom we call the Ancient Greeks swept down into
the Mediterranean about 1,000 B.c. and occupied the mainland of
Greece, the shores of what is now Turkey, and the islands which
lie between. In so doing they destroyed much of the Mycenean
and Cretan civilisations, but because the invaders spoke a language
akin to that of the earlier inhabitants, they absorbed many of their
legends and beliefs.
The Ancient Greeks, as we know them in 600-300 B.c., lived
either on islands or in small towns—city-states—separated by
almost impassable mountains. They were, therefore, sturdy
individualists, proud of their own small communities, but with
little idea of joining together as a nation. The sea not only
surrounds the Greek islands, but flows also into great inlets in the
mainland. Because of the difficult mountains the mainland
Greeks used the sea as a highway, not only between the islands,
but also between the various towns. They developed, therefore,
the characteristics of a seafaring people—good humour, kindliness
to strangers, cruelty to established enemies; a ready wit, inventive
skill, the ability to improvise and to make quick, bold decisions.
Moreover, the sun shines in Greece almost all the year, and the
clear sea air makes all colours incredibly bright and vivid. During
the long summer a north wind moderates the heat of the sun, and
the air on the islands and on the mountain slopes is like wine.
The minds of the Greeks were as vivid as the colours in their sky
and sea. They were an energetic people, highly intelligent,
passionate, volatile, and they developed a subtle and flexible
language in which to express readily and accurately the liveliness
and originality of their thoughts. viii
For they were indeed original thinkers. Partly by limiting their
own desires, and partly by employing slave-labour, they achieved
an amount of leisure such as we hope to achieve at some time in
the future through automation. And, instead of dissipating this
leisure, they used it to tackle and to solve, in their own way, the
fundamental problems which haunt the human race. What is the
good life? How can men best live together? What is the meaning
of suffering? What is the nature of the soul and of the universe?
What is beauty, what truth? All these questions and many others
the Greeks were the first to ask and to answer. The writings of
Plato and Aristotle are still the foundations of all philosophy.
Besides being concerned with such political, philosophical and
religious problems, the Greeks were the first men in Europe to
write History, to produce a record of mens actions, and at the
same time to consider the causes and effects of them.
Though their private houses were probably little more than
glorified mud-huts, their public buildings, such as the Parthenon,
were very beautiful, and erected with the most accurate and
imaginative engineering skill. These buildings have influenced
the thinking of architects ever since. To adorn these buildings the
Greeks carved friezes in marble and also free-standing statues so
fine that they were not afterwards equalled in the world until the
Renaissance, when Italian sculptors worked under their inspiration.
These friezes and statues were painted in the vivid colours which
the bright sunlight demanded. But the Greeks spent most of their
skill as painters in decorating their pottery with scenes of daily life
or illustrations of their myths. They did this with a superb sense
of design, and it is interesting to compare the pleasant decorations
they gave to a jar containing olive oil with the poor quality of that
usually applied to one of its modern equivalents.
Though the Greeks were outstanding in the Arts and in Philo-
sophy, they were not so far behind in the Sciences as is sometimes supposed. For instance, they not only discovered the principle
of the steam engine, but also produced some which worked; but
they used them only for amusement, and ignored them as com-
mercial propositions, since they were, rightly or wrongly, satisfied
with their slave-labour. They were highly skilled in Geometry,
and sufficiently advanced in Mathematics to be able to make
remarkably accurate calculations about the size and movements
of the sun, moon and stars, and to anticipate Copernicus and
Galileo. They also anticipated several modern laws of Physics,
and in particular the Atomic Theory. They observed quite
accurately the parts of plants and animals, and, with some glaring
omissions, knew a great deal about their various functions. They
were outstanding among the ancients in their knowledge of
clinical medicine, and, besides laying the foundations for much of
the practice of medicine that has developed since the Renaissance,
they knew a great deal about the connection between mind and
body in disease.
But it is probably in their Literature that the Greeks have left us
our greatest legacy, perhaps because ideas expressed in words are
more easily handed on than those expressed in other media. The
rest of the world has little to equal the nobility of the epic poet
Homer, the fresh and clear insight of the historians Herodotus and
Thucydides, the vigour and persuasive power of the orator
Demosthenes, the combined grandeur and human sympathy of the
playwrights, Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides.
The Greeks were able to write so well because they developed a
language whose only equal is modern English, a language rich
enough and flexible enough to express all the ideas which seethed
in their vivid imaginations. This is the language you are about to
learn, If you manage to learn only a part of it, a world of wonder
and enjoyment will be open to you. EN
a
“@OUNwRKR YY
ef OSI HA HOR DW
SNM VOOmZeay
s4 av 3 0 MEY ET wR
oes
eer o%
n
THE ALPHABET
Name
alpha ada
béta Bijra
gamma yd
delta beara
epsilon ef (éyAov)
zéta liza
ta Fra
théta OAra
idta (ara,
kappa «dma
lambda Adu fda
mu pe
nu vo
xi &i
omicron o8 (dptxpov)
pi ait
rho po
sigma oiypa
tau rad
upsilon 8 (dprov)
phi gi
chi xt
psi yt
dmega = (cheya)
Pronunctation
4 (as in the Yorkshire “ hat ”’)
and 4 (as in ‘“‘ ah”)
b
g (see note 1)
d
e (as in “ get ’’)
zd
&(as in the French “ créme ”)
th (see note 2)
i (as in the French “ lit ””) and
I (as in “ machine”)
a i
(as in “ got”)
vw oO
r
8 (see note 7)
t
u (as in the French “ tu”) and
Oi (as in the French “ pur”)
ph (see note 2)
ch (see note 2)
ps
5 (as in “ awe’) NOTES
Pronunciation
1. yy=ng, ye=ngk, yé =ngks.
2. @, ¢, x were pronounced as two distinct sounds combined,
as in ant-hill, up-hold, pack-horse.
3. A long vowel asts twice as long as a short one.
4. Double consonants are pronounced by dwelling on the sound,
e.g. stop-press, black-cat.
5. Diphthongs are pronounced as if the two vowels of which
they are composed were run together:
at =ai as in aisle ev =eil
q=iai qu=ti
av =ow as in cow ot = oi as in foil
«=ey as in they g=bi
n=ey ov=oo as in fool
m= iii as in Fr. oui
6. ‘ over a letter =h (rough breathing)
* over a letter shows lack of h (smooth breathing)
eg. ds=hos dorodv—ostoon
7. Sigma is written as s at the end of words, as o elsewhere.
Punctuation
As in English except that represents a colon or semicolon,
and ; a question mark. [Martin Von Wagner Museum, Wiirzburg)
HERAKLES I
The Article: 1st and 2nd Declensions: Uncontracted Verbs,
Present Active: Imperative: Adjective: «iyi.
Els “AiSou
A
6 Gpacduaxos
(6 Opacipaxos madiov dori Kat Kabevda. dorpam) cal Bpovri.)
@pactpaxos: (Adyet.) dorpamjy Brénw Kai Bpovriy dxovw,
‘Eppijs: (Aéyer.) xaipe, d @paotpays. dpa xabevdas;
@pactpayos: dvOpurnou fuviv dxodw.
“Epyijs: GMa dvOpdrov fuviv odx doves: dvbpwros 5
yap ovK ely.
Opactpayos: ris otv ef;
‘Epps: éyd tus ‘Eppiis 6 beds.
@pasvpayos: oiyor. dAdd dea ri Sedpo Hues;
‘Eppijs: 8idre Kopilw ce ets Ty tod “AdSov oixiav. 10
@pacvpayos: oiyor. vexpods yap els Thy Tod “AsBou oikiay
xopitovow. éya Se otk «ips vexpds. pr ody
xdpulé pe els “Adov.
‘Eppijs: & Opactipaye, vbve ta iudria. 6 ydp Zeds
Kedever. Adyar ydp pot, “ ndusle Tov Opact- 15
payor eis “AiSov wai SiBacxe 1d raidiov wept
ray vexpa@v kai mepi ris To0 “Addou oixias.””
(mapéyer 7 nasdiy ta ivdria.)
@pacvpayos: Kdpild pe ody cai SiBaoKd we wept ray vexpaw
xai rijs to0 “AiSou oixias. évodw yap Ta iudtia., 20
(evdver ody rd tudria.)
(dotpamiy Brérovor Kai Bpovriy dxovovow. xataBaivovaw.) B
6 Xdpwv
Opacvpaxos: (rorapor Brera.) oso. OdAarray Prd.
“Epyifis: otyi. OdAarra pev otk eo, morapds Sé.
Opastpayos: moraydv obv Brémw. dAAd Sends éatw 6 moTapds
wal Sewvov morapov Brémw.
Xdpwv: (épérra.) & dron, & rom, db Stor.
@Opacvpayos: Seun} Kal puapd dorw 4 dui. Seujy re kai
juapay puviy dxovw. tis obv A€yer; tis éorw;
SBacxé pe.
“Eppis: 6 Xdpwy doriv. 6 Xdpwv Adve.
@pacvuaxos: Kal ris dorw 6 Xdpwv;
‘Eppijs: 6 Xdpwv 7 mAviw dépet rods vexpods ets “Adov.
Opactpayos xai ‘Epis: xaip’, & Xdpuw, xaip’, & Xdpuw, yaip’,
& Xdpwv.
Xdpww: (mapd rH fui Adyer.) ris Selpo Fue;
‘Epps: éyw te kai 6 Qpacdpayos xataBaivoue cis
“Adov. S8doxnw yap Oo maidiov mepi trav
vexpav.
Xdpuw: xaraBaivere odv. GMa tapéxeré por Tods
Boros.
@pactuayos: dBodovs Adpeas;
‘Eppijs: SBorods Akye. 5 yap vexpds det dBoddv
xe.
Opactpayos: ANd Sid ri 6 vexpds det dBoddv exe;
“Eppijs: Sidr. of dvOpwro dei dBodcv wapéyoue TH
vexp@.
Xdpwv: 6 8 vexpds dei mapdyer epol.
@Opacipayos: eyed 5& dBoddv od mapdxw.
Xdpaw: Ma Bia zi ov mapdxas;
10
20 Spacvpayos:
Xdpwv:
“Epis:
Xdpww:
Bidre ode exw.
olor, ri Adyers; dBordv ox Exes; GAAG Brérere
70 mhoiov. ocabpdv ydp dorw. alps pev 6
lords, cabpd S¢ ta toria. Kal cabpais rais
xdmass épérrw. mapéyere ody jor Kaddv re
mdoiov xal xaddv iotév Kai xadds xdvras Kal
kadd iotia Kal Kadods....
pn A€ye, Gd rh toi pépe tds eis “Adou.
6 ydp Zeds nedever.
GW’ dei xedevea 6 Leds. cioBaivere oF
‘Epps xal @pacvpaxos: (cioBatvovaw. ) chine
Xdpww:
GMa pr} xaradvere 76 whotov. (rails ody xcbras
épérra xal 1d re raSiov Kal rov Oedv pepe eis
“Adov.) & dnon, & énon, d& on... on
On...
4 Te ypapuatiKk a’
The Article The Adjective
6-4-76=the xadds — Kady} — xaAdv = good, beautiful
m f n m f n
Nom. 6 a 16 xadés wady addy
Voc. kadé adn addy
Acc. tov thy 8 kaddv Kady = KaAdy
Gen. rob THs | Tob karo Kadjs xadod
Dat. ™m TH 7 Kate ka aA
Nom. o ais rd katoi kadat = xadd
Voc. xadoi kadai add
Acc. rous tds td kadovs Kkadds Kxadd
Gen. tév tay Tay kadaw kaddv kala
Dat. tois ais ois xadois xadais xadois
Nouns
First Declension Second Dectension
duryi =voice OddAarra=sea — dvbpwmos=man nadiov=child
oixia = house
Nom. davi Oddarta ~—oikia GvOpurros rraiov
Voc. guj = Addarra oii avOpurre nratdiov
Ace. durvivy Oddarray oikiay avipwrrov rraSior
Gen. duvijs Caddrrns otkias avOpcirou madiou
Dat. guvi — Gaddrrn oti. avépeirrp radin
Nom, g¢uwvai Oddarrar olkiat dvOpwrroe radia
Voc. g¢wvai OdAarrar oixiae dvOpurrat nadia
Acc. devds Gaddrras otkias GvOpuirovus nadia
Gen. guvav Gadarray olkiav avOpuatrwy radiov
Dat. guvais Oaddrras oikiats avOpasras radios
First Declension Feminine nouns are declined like pusv7 except:
{i) those with Nom. Sing. m a after 1, € or p, which are declined like
oikia
(i) those with Nom, Sing. in a after any consonant except p are declined
like @ddarra
Second Declension Masculine Nouns are declined like avOpwmos and
Neuter Nouns like maSiov. A few Second Declension Nouns are Feminine. Verbs
Present Tense
Avw = I release, free ejui= I am
Indicative —_ Imperative Indicative —_ Imperative
bw etul
Ades Ate el toOe
Ae €ori (v)
Avopev éoney
Avere Mere €oré €ore
Movar (v) eioi (v)
Il
Third Declension: Prepositions: Numerals: éywd, ov, tis.
‘O KépBepos
A
xduv tig: (Aéyet.) Bad, Bad, Bad.
Opacipayos: Kxuvds twos deuviy dxovw. ris €orw 6 Kiwy;
“Eppijs: KépBepos éorw 6 xiwv.
KépBepos: (atfis A€yet.) Bat, Bad, Bad.
Opacipayos: dMa did ri pis Adve ro Bai;
“Epps: Siare tpia exet ordpata Kai Tpiat ordpace Adve.
Opactpayos: xai dia 71 tpia ordpata exe;
‘Epuiis: Sidre tpeis avxdvas exer Kal tpeis Kepadds éri
Tay Tpidv abyevw.
@pacipaxos: adcous ody dfBahyous éxet ev tais tproixepadais; 10 “Epp ijs:
Gpacipaxos:
KépBepos:
@pamipayos:
Alaxés:
Opactpaxos:
“Eppijs:
8 dfbadpods exer év rais tpiat xefadais xal &
dra éni t&v tprdiv Kepaday.
Savds 71s ody cori iw. Kal mdoa odpara exer;
& pdvov odipa exer.
kal Adye pot Sia ti Adyer 76 Bad.
Store furdrret tos vexpous.
Bad, Bod, Bad. avOpeimwv copy. avOpurrous
twas tots doiv dxotw. avOpaimovs twas Tots
ofbaduois Brérw. Seipo, & Aland: dvfpwro
ydp twes do Tob Torapyod émerpéxovow eri cue.
Bad, Bad...
otpot. viv yap dis pdvov Adyar 76 Bab.
Tas yap ov; eva yap Tay tpiby adyevw Kardxw.
Bat, Bad. Sewer 87 dori rd ma8iov. dmobvjoxw.
fas...
Seves 51 dorw 6 xtwv. dei yap Aéyer 74 Bao.
& xtvov, 7&s avoOvjoxes; tives droretvovet
oe; pty Sdxpve. (wapd rH puvi Adve.)
uy amoKteivere Tov Kiva yoo: puddrre yap
Tovs vexpous.
xaip’, & Alaxé: xdpile 16 maidiov els ri Tod
“ASou oixtav. é yap Zevs ce wedever. Kal xaip’,
& Opacvpaye....
MG pt) Acie Hpds, Db ‘Epp. Sud ti qpas
Actes; (Saxpvet.)
pH Sdxpue. Aeimw Spas didre ex ris too “Adou
oixias dvoPaixw mpds tiv yiv. dda yap
AApwrot dnofyjoxovarv.
15
as
35
(6 per ‘Eppiis &€ “Adov dvaBaive: mpds viv yiv, 6 $2. Alaxds
conifer TO rraidiov eis THY Tod “AiSou olxiav.)
4° Opacvpaxos:
Alaxds:
Opacdpayos :
Aiaxéds:
Opactpayos:
Aiaxés =
Opaciipayos
Alaxds:
Alaxés:
"Ev ti Tov “AiSou olkia
B
viv odv, db Alaxd, déye you rept Trav vexpav.
ris dvaé eori tay vexpdv; ris dvdoon;
Aéyew obv cor mepi ros THv vexpav dvaxros. 6
yap TDovrwy dvaf éoriv. 6 TDovruw dvdoce
Tis xupas.
GMa SiBackd pe kal mepi ris xdpas.
Sddoxw obv oe Kal mepi tijs xebpas. morapyds
ydp rs Suds, 4 Lrdé 16 dvopa, mepdyer Thy
xepav.
GMa ras dori Seuds; Kal ob doriv 6 morapds;
kal més Treptexet THY Ywpar;
Seards dort Sidrt odSeis 51d Tot worapod ef ” Acdou
dvaBaive mpas Thy y iv.
1 (adbts Saxpier,) otpor, Jeb, ped.
pa Sdxpve, di Opacvpaxe od yap otk ef vexpds.
aMos 8 ori morapuds, 6 ’Axépuw dvduart, Kal
&) wai Mor, 6 re Kwxvros cat 4 ArjOn wal 6
Tlupipreydbwv. ev 88 rij Tob “ABou oixig ey
nal 6 Miwws xpivopev robs vexpots.
tivas xpivere; Aye por aibis, db Alaxéd.
adfis ody Adyw aor. tods ydp vexpods Kpivopev.
kal rods ev Kadovs te nal dyafods méumope
eis 76 "Hdowwv, rods 8€ kaxovs eis rév Taprapov.
BAdre odv, hb Opacvpaye, tods pev xadods te
xdyaBods év 7 ’HAvaiy, robs 52 xaxods ev r
Taprépyp.
15
25 te ypapporika B’
Third Declension
Gvag =lord stwy =dog capa=body
Nom. dvag wb oapa
Voc. dvaf xvov odpa
Ace. dvaxra kdva odua
Gen. — dvaxros xuvds owparos
Dat. dvaxre novi odpart
Nom. dvaxres wuves odpara
Voc. dvaxres uves owpara
Acc. dvaxras xvvas odpara
Gen. dvdxrwv Kuvaw owpdrwr
Dat. dvafi (v) — xvol (v) apace (v)
rls =who? mg =a certain, a
m f
Nom. tis rls
Voc.
Acc, = tha tia
Gen. —rivos tlvos tives
Dat. th rin tin
Nom. tives thes tive
Voc.
Acc. = rivas tivas tiva
Gen. tia rive thw
Dat. rl (v) riot (v) rin (v)
Note: rlgewho? ahoays has an acute accent.
vg macertain is an enclitic and so where possible throws its accent
back on to the previous word. When it is impossible to do this, it
retains its accent on the second syllable of those forms which have
two syllables but loses it in the case of monosyllables,
e.g. dvOpwnds ris, pur} tes, avOpwrot rwes
but dviparous twds, duvav rudy, morapod twds Sevod,
dvaf rs. Acc.
Dat.
Numerals
1 els-pia-& 11 &8exa
2 80-80-50 12 8e8exa
3 tpeis-7peis-rpia 13 tpeis (pia) Kai Sena
4 Térrapes-es-a 14 Térrapes (a) Kai 8éxa
5 mévre 15 mevrexaidexa,
6 & 16 éxxaidexa
7 end 17 érraxaidexa
8 dered 18 dxrwxaidexa
9 wea 19 éweaxaidexa
10 &éxa 20 eixoae (v)
els-pia-év = one S80 = two
els pia a Suo 8v0 3¥o
é&va piav a bvo 80 8¥o
eves peas &vos Svot dvoiv = Bvoiv
av Beg ei Svoiv = Bunty Buoy
tpeis-rpeis-rpia = three
Nom. tpeis tpeis pla,
Acc, tpeis tpeis tpla
Gen. tpi Tpiay Tpiay
Dat. tpral (v) tpict (v) prot (v)
térrapes-rérrapes-rérrapa = four
Nom. rérrapes rérrapa
Acc. rérrapas rérrapas térrapa
Gen, Terrdpwy rerrdpwv Terrdpwv
Dat. rérrapar (v) rérrapat (v) rérrapor (v)
Pronouns
eb = T ob = you
Nom. dyad ow
Acc. ud pe o€ oe
Gen. pod pov 008 gov
Dat. epot pot got oot
Nom. qpeis byeis
Acc. tyes Suds
Gen. heey tuav
Dat. piv dpiv 10
II
Contracted Verbs, Present Indicative and Imperative: ypuoods
6 “Extop
Alaxés: viv 82 mpooywpodpe, & Opactpaye, mpds tas
r&v dhBiww vious. dp’ pgs;
@pactpayos: dpa 8. ddA tives oixodow ev Tails vioos;
Alaxdés: of GABtor, domrep 6 “Extwp kai 6 ’AyAdeds.
Opacipayos: dp’ ob mdovuaia éoriv 7} ydpa; xpuaois ydp dorw 5
6 wos Kal xpvot % yij, Kat xpuod ra dé8pa
kal ypvoois 6 xaprés.
Alaxds: wai 51 wai ev tais vicois ovdels dpdrpw dpot
viv xpvoy yiv, xal odSels dvaBaive emi ra dév8pa
ral 8pézet Tov xpvooby napmdv. 10
Opacipayos: Bavydora 87 A€yeis odde moredw. aAAa Tis
mpooxwpet; dpa Beds tis; dpyupay yap xépuda
eat.
Alaxés: olya, & wai: 6 yap “Exrwp mpocywpel, xadds
Te Kdyabds avijp. 15
“Exrwp: xaip’, & Aland: mais exes; ti dort ro ro6 rasdds
Svopa;
Aiaxés: @pactpayds dort 76 Svopa.
“Exrup: al 8a ti Seipo mpooxwpeire;
Alaxds: Side 6 Zeds méurrer jpds. SnrAd yap rH madi 20
7a & Tais Tév GABluw vious. S7Aov Kal od dua.
“Extwp: Sprodper obv dua. epuwrra, b mai ri edas;
Opocvpayos: BiAov por obv ri moretre ev rais Tay GABiwv vijoos.
*Exrwp: oddér GMo rowdpe 7 Servohper.
@pactipayos: dM was eoriv iptv ta otra; dp’ odk dpodre; as
“Exrwp: ovdapdis: ovdeis yap odSérore ovr’ dpot odre Opacvpayos:
Alaxés:
@pactpayos:
Alaxés :
@pacvpayos:
“Extwp:
@pactiuayos:
“Exrwp:
Bpac’payos :
“Extup:
Opacipaxos:
“Exrwp:
Alaxés:
guy res:
@pactpayos:
guy tis:
Bpacvpaxos :
Tadpis:
@pactpayos:
Spére. of yap Kxapnot mimrovew dno trav
Sév8pwv ent rhv tpdmelav.
GW’ od moredw cor.
6pa odv. (Kapmds tis xpucois mimre dnd SéSpou
Twos Xpucod emi riv Tob Opacupdxou Kepadry.)
olpou ped, pei.
dpa viv morevas Hpiv, & rat;
moreio 8) tpiv.
nabjpata pabrpata. (yeAda pev 6 7’ Alaxds
wat 6 “Exrwp, Saxpver S€ 6 mais.)
Bn yeAdré pow.
od ody pn Sdxpve, GW’ epuira.
SyAodre odv por Sud ri ywAdS €orw J “Exrwp.
8nA@ coe 81}. dAyG yap tous mé8as. ais Sewvos
39 corw 5 "Ayes. dv8pas yap dmoxreives
Kal Kaxa mote? Tods vexpous.
kai ris €orw y Too KaKob dpyy;
yury tis, ‘Edévn 76 dvopa.
més yap ob; yur) ydp Tis del eat 7 706 Kaxod
ox:
xdyw muoreiw. Gd’ oy 4 ‘EAGn.
kal ri od pavOdves mepl rijs “Edens;
aa ri ot pavOduw; ey ydp «tue TIdpis, 6
tis ‘EXevns dip.
ris obv éoriv % Tod Kaxod apyy;
ay tis port}. pets S€ ovyare, ndyadd A€dyw.
Adye 8} Hpiv.
Wu
3s
4s 12
tepd (a)=I honour
Indicative Imperative
Tipe
TyLGs tipa
rye
rip@pev
Tyare Tyare
Tindor (v)
Te& ypappartiké y’
Contracted Verbs
mow (e) =I do, make
Indicative Imperative
TO
mroveis
rove’
aroiet
Trotobpev
rroveire
trotobat (v)
mroveire
Contracted Adjective
SAG (0) =I show
Indicative Imperative
Bye
Sndois SijAov
SAoi
SnAodpev
bndodre Srobre
Snroder (v)
xpucots ~ 9 - obv =golden
Nom. xpvoois = xpvoa xpucoby
Voc, xpvoots §=—s_ xpuoyj xpucoty
Acc. xpvaoby = xpuov xpucoty
then like xadés ~ x} — dv but with a circumflex accent on the last syllable
throughout. Similarly dpyvpois ~ a - otv silver and yadxois - § - obv,
bronze.
avijp —dvSpds—5 —-yurr} — yovards — trous — nodds - 6
=man = woman = foot
Nom. dvijp yu} mous
Voc. dvep yuvar mrovs
Acc, dvipa yovaixa 68a
Gen. dv8pds yuvaikds odds
Dat. avbpi yuvauct rot
Nom. dvdpes youvaixes wdBes
Voc, avdpes yovaines modes
Acc, avdpas yuvaixas wédas
Gen. dvipav yurandy modav
Dat. évpdor (v) yeti (v) moai (v) jo
40
50
7O
go
100
eixoat (v)
tpidovra
TeTTapdKovTa
mevTHKovTa
€fqxovra.
€BSounKovra
bySoqKovra,
évevjxovra.
éxardv
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
Numerals
200
300
400
500
600
Joo
800
goo
1000
13
Sraxdovor — at —a
Tpraxdowt —at—a
TeTpaxdatot —at—a@
mevraxdovt — at—a
é€axdovot -ar-a
énraxdovot —ar—a
SxTaxdatot —at—a
€vaxdatot - aL —a@
xAror -at—a
Stax Avot — at —a@
Tpioxidot — ar —a
TeTpaxtoxiAor ~ at —@
mrevraxioxéduot — at — 2
é£anioyidvon — a —a
énraxtoxiAtot — ar - a
SxraxtoyiAcor —at—@
Baxoyluor —
a-a
pup -ar—a 14
Iv
Middle Verbs: Third Declension Adjectives: Adverbs:
Comparison § 39
t ToD KaKot dpyx7)
(ev 7& odpav@. oirds corw emi tpanélys Kal xaBilovrar ai Beot
éni dpyupdv Opovwy mapa TH tpavelyn Kai Seervodow. aA’ 6 pev
Leds xabevder, ai 5ێ Geoi Sewvads epitovow.)
"Hpa: ws evxdr ott 76 iudriov Td
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