INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

AN192
A complete FM radio on a chip

Authors: W.H.A. Van Dooremolen and M. Hufschmidt 1991 Dec








Philips Semiconductors
A complete FM radio on a chip
Authors: W.H.A.Van Dooremolen, M. Hufschmidt
Until now, the almost total integration of an FM radio has been
prevented by the need for LC tuned circuits in the RF, IF, local
oscillator and demodulator stages. An obvious way to eliminate the
coils in the IF and demodulator stages is to reduce the normally
used intermediate frequency of 10.7MHz to a frequency that can be
tuned by active RC filters, the op amps and resistors of which can
be integrated. An IF of zero deems to be ideal because it eliminates
spurious signals such as repeat spots and image response, but it
would not allow the IF signal to be limited prior to demodulation,
resulting in poor signal-to-noise ratio and no AM suppression. With
an IF of 70kHz, these problems are overcome and the image
frequency occurs about halfway between the desired signal and the
center of the adjacent channel. However, the IF image signal must
be suppressed and, in common with conventional FM radios, there
is also a need to suppress interstation noise and noise when tuned
to a weak signal. Spurious responses above and below the center
frequency of the desired station (side tunings), and harmonic
distortion in the event of very inaccurate tuning must also be
eliminated.
We have now developed a mono FM reception system which is
suitable for almost total integration. It uses an active 70kHz IF filter
and a unique correlation muting circuit for suppressing spurious
signals such as side responses caused by the flanks of the
demodulator S-curve. With such a low IF, distortion would occur with
the 75kHz IF swing due to received signals with maximum
modulation. The maximum IF swing is therefore compressed to
15kHz by controlling the local oscillator in a frequency-locked loop
(FLL). The combined action of the muting circuit and the FLL also
suppresses image response.
Figure 1. A Laboratory Model of the TDA7000 in a Complete FM Radio.
Also Shown is the TDA7010T in the SO Package Against a CM Scale.
BRIEF DATA
SYMBOL DESCRIPTION
VCC Typical supply voltage
ICC Typical supply current
fRF RF input frequency range
VRF3dB Sensitivity for 3dB limiting EMF with ZS = 75, mute disabled
VRF Maximum signal input for THD < 10%, f = 75kHz EMF with ZS = 75
VO Audio output (RMS) with RL = 22k, f = 22.5kHz
1991 Dec
Application note
AN192
The new circuit is the TDA7000 which integrates a mono FM radio
all the way from the aerial input to the audio output. External to the
IC are only one tunable LC circuit for the local oscillator, a few
inexpensive ceramic plate capacitors and one resistor. The
TDA7000 dramatically reduces assembly and post-production
alignment costs because only the oscillator circuit needs adjustment
during manufacture to set the limits of the tuned frequency band.
The complete FM radio can be made small enough to fit inside a
calculator, cigarette lighter, key-ring fob or even a slim watch. The
TDA7000 can also be used as receiver in equipment such as
cordless telephones, CB radios, radio-controlled models, paging
systems, the sound channel of a TV set or other FM demodulating
systems.
Using the TDA7000 results in significant improvements for all
classes of FM radio. For simpler portables, the small size, lack of IF
coils, easy assembly and low power consumption are not the only
attractive features. The unique correlation muting system and the
FLL make it very easy to tune, even when using a tiny tuning knob.
For higher-performance portables and clock radios,
variable-capacitance diode tuning and station presetting facilities are
often required. These are easily provided with the TDA7000
because there are no variable tuned circuits in the RF signal path.
Only the local oscillator needs to be tuned, so tracking and distortion
problems are eliminated.
The TDA7000 is available in either an 18-lead plastic DIP package
(TDA7000), or in a 16-pin SO package (TDA7010T). Future
developments will include reducing the present supply voltage (4.5V
typ.), and the introduction of FM stereo and AM/FM versions.
SR01154
MIN TYP MAX UNITS
4.5 V
8 mA
1.5 110 MHz
1.5 V
200 mV
75 mV
2
Philips Semiconductors Application note

A complete FM radio on a chip AN192

VP
(+4.5V) C14
2.2nF C22

C18 C17 C15 47pF C23 C12 C11

220pF 330pF L2 (2) 39pF 150pF 3.3nF 330pF
100nF
130nH
C10

18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10
1.4V (1)

2.7k 700 700

AP2 10k
+ AP1 10k
+ LA1
AF1B
12k

+
IF LIMITER IF FILTER
AMPLIFIER
4.7k 4.7k
TDA7000
M3 M2
CORRELATOR FM DEMODULATOR AF1A
13.6k
M1 +1
MUTE 2.2k 2.2k
mute control
IF FILTER

VCO
VP LOOP
FILTER

LA2

NOISE LOCAL OSC

SOURCE

1 2 3 (1) 4 5 6 7 8 9
VP 56nH
L1 C7

C12 C2 C3 C4 3.3nF
R2 C5 C19 27pF
C8
150nF 22k 1.8nF 22nF 10nF 10nF C21
180pF
C20 56pF

a.f. output

NOTES:
1. These pins are not used in the SO package version (TDA7010T) AP = All-Pass filter.
2. L2 is printed on the experimental PCB (Figure 13).
L1 = Toko MC108 No. 514 HNE 150013S13.
C20 = Toko No.2A-15BT-R01.
SR01155
Figure 2. The TDA7000 as a Variable Capacitor-Tuned FM Broadcast Receiver

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
As shown in Figure 2, the TDA7000 consists of a local oscillator and
a mixer, a two-stage active IF filter followed by an IF limiter/amplifier,
a quadrature FM demodulator, and an audio muting circuit controlled
by an IF waveform correlator. The conversion gain of the mixer,
together with the high gain of the IF limiter/amplifier, provides AVC
action and effective suppression of AM signals. The RF input to the
TDA7000 for 3dB limiting is 1.5V. In a conventional portable radio,
limiting at such a low RF input level would cause instability because
higher harmonics of the clipped IF signal would be radiated to the
aerial. With the low IF used with the TDA7000, the radiation is
negligible.
To prevent distortion with the low IF used with the TDA7000, it is
necessary to restrict the IF deviation due to heavily modulated RF
signals to 15kHz. This is achieved with a frequency-locked loop
(FLL) in which the output from the FM demodulator shifts the local
oscillator frequency in inverse proportion to the IF deviation due to
modulation.
Active IF Filter
The first section of the IF filter (AF1A) is a second-order low-pass
Sallen-Key circuit with its cut-off frequency determined by internal
2.2k resistors and external capacitors C7 and C8. The second
section (AF1B) consists of a first-order bandpass filter with the lower

1991 Dec 3
Philips Semiconductors Application note

A complete FM radio on a chip AN192

limit of the passband determined by an internal 4.7k resistor and

external capacitor C11. The upper limit of the passband is +10
determined by an internal 4.7k resistor and external capacitor C10. Vo/Vi
(dB) 0
The final section of the IF filter consists of a first-order low-pass
network comprising an internal 12k resistor and external capacitor 10
C12. The overall IF filter therefore consists of a fourth-order low-pass
section and a first-order high-pass section. Design equations for the 20

filter are given in Figure 3. Figure 4 shows the measured response 30

for the filter.
40

AF1A 50
R2 AF1B
g1 = 0.9
R1 R1 4.7k 10 + 60
g1 R3
2.2k 2.2k C10 12 70
0 100 200 300 400 500
7 8 9 12k f (kHz)
R2 11
C8 C12
4.7k SR01157
C11
Figure 4. Measured Response of the IF Filter
C7

Sallen-Key Filter BP LP FM Demodulator

The quadrature FM demodulator M2 converts the IF variations due
Sallen-Key circuit
to modulation into an audio frequency voltage. It has a conversion
g
A SK + gain of 3.6V/MHz and requires phase quadrature inputs from the IF
1 ) j w a * w2 b

limiter/amplifier. As shown in Figure 5, the 90 phase shift is
1 C7
With f O + and Q + 0.5 provided by an active all-pass filter which has about unity gain at all
2 p R1 C7 C8 C8
frequencies but can provide a variable phase shift, dependent on the
value of external capacitor C17.
g w2
A SK + *
1 ) w
j w @Q
O
1 w2O

For C7 = 3.3nF, C8 = 180pF; Q = 2.1 and fO = 94kHz

Vif
Bandpass circuit

1 j w C 11 R 2 Vaf
R1
A BP + @
1 ) j w C 10 R 2 j w C 10 R 2 +
1 ) j w C 11 R 2 ) 1 ) j w C R 10k M2
10 2
R2
1 1
For f LP + and f HP + 2.7k to correlator
2 p R 2 C 10 2 p R 2 C 11
17
f LP 1
A BP + @

f HP C17
f f LP
1 ) jf 1 * j f ) 1
HP With R2 = 0
= 2tan1 R1C17
For C10 = 330pF, C11 = 3.3nF, fLP = 103kHz, fHP = 10.3kHz
1
for fi + * 90 o, C 17 + + 227pF
Low-Pass circuit w R1
for fL = 70kHz
1 To improve the performance of the all-pass filter with the
A LP +
1 ) j w C 12 R 3 amplitude-limited IF waveform, R2 has been added.
Since this influences the phase angle by 45%, i.e., to 330pF
1
for f LP + for fIF = 70kHz.
2 p C 12 R 3 SR01158
1
A LP + w Figure 5. FM Demodulator Phase Shift Circuit (All-Pass Filter)
j w
LP

For C12 = 150pF, fLP = 88.4kHz

SR01156

Figure 3. IF Filter of the TDA7000

1991 Dec 4
Philips Semiconductors Application note

A complete FM radio on a chip AN192

IF Swing Compression With the FLL
With a nominal IF as low as 70kHz, severe harmonic distortion of
the audio output would occur with an IF deviation of 75kHz due to
full modulation of a received FM broadcast signal. The FLL of the
TDA7000 is therefore used to compress the IF swing by using the
audio output from the FM demodulator to shift the local oscillator
frequency in opposition to the IF deviation. The principle is illustrated
in Figure 6, which shows how an IF deviation of 75kHz is
compressed to about 15kHz. The THD is thus limited to 0.7% with
22.5kHz modulation, and to 2.3% with 75kHz modulation.
there are two side responses due to the flanks of the demodulator
S-curve. Because the flanks of the S-curve are non-linear, the side
responses have increased harmonic distortion. In Figure 7, the
frequency and intensity of the side responses are functions of the
signal strength, and they are separated from the correct tuning point
by amplitude minima. However, in practice, the amplitude minima
are not well defined because the modulation frequency and index
are not constant and, moreover, the side response of adjacent
channels often overlap.
200kHz
Vaf Vrf = 10mV

F.M.
frf MIXER AND fif DEMODULATOR Vaf
I.F. AMPLIFIER (CONVERSION
GAIN D =
3.6V/MHz)
Vaf 1mV

C17 330pF
fosc

VOLTAGE LOOP AMPLIFIER

CONTROLLED Vaf
100V
56nH LOCAL OSC.
Cext Cdiode (SLOPE S =
1.14pF/V) AL = 1.06

CO = CEXT + CSTRAY + CDIODE with open loop = 49pF at fO = 96MHz

Vaf
A L Sf 10V
O
Feedback factor b +
2 C
O
Open-loop conversion gain = D = 3.6V/MHz
D
Closed * loop conversion gain + + 0.68VMHz for f + 96MHz
1 ) Db O

open * loop gain 3.6VMHz Vaf

Modulation compression factor k + + ] 5 3V
closed * loop gain 0.684VMHz

D f
OSC

+ D f RF 1 *
1
K

D f RF
D f +
IF K
Vaf
for Df RF + 75kHz, Df [ 60kHz, Df IF [ 15kHz 1.5V
OSC

fif = 85 70 = 15kHz

fOSC = fO fOSC frf frf

fOSC = 60kHz
frf = 75kHz Vaf
1V
fif = 70kHz
frf = 85kHz

95.9 95.93 95.99 96 96.075 96.1 enlarged in

Vaf vertical direction
frf (kHz) SR01159 0.7V

Figure 6. IF Swing Compression with the FLL

Correlation Muting System With Open FLL

A well-known difference between FM and AM is that, for FM, each SR01160

station is received in at least three tuning positions. Figure 7 shows
the frequency spectrum of the output from the demodulator of a
typical portable FM radio receiving an RF carrier frequency-modulated
with a tone of constant frequency and amplitude. In addition to the
audio response at the correct tuning point in the center of Figure 7,
Figure 7. Audio Signal of a Typical Portable Radio as a
Function of Tuned Frequency With RF Input as a Parameter.
The Modulation and Amplitude are Both Constant.

1991 Dec 5
Philips Semiconductors Application note

A complete FM radio on a chip AN192

High performance FM radios incorporate squelch systems such as As shown in Figure 9, the correlation muting circuit consists of
signal strength-dependent muting and tuning deviation-dependent all-pass filter AP2 connected in series with FM demodulator all-pass
muting to suppress side responses. They also have a tuning meter filter AP1 and adjusted by an external capacitor to provide a total
to facilitate correct tuning. Although the TDA7000 is mainly intended phase shift of 180. The output from AP2 is applied to mixer M3
for use in portables and clock radios, it incorporates a very effective which determines the correlation between the undelayed limited IF
new correlation muting system which suppresses interstation noise signal at one of its inputs and the delayed and inverted version of it
and spurious responses due to detuning to the flanks of the at its other input. The output from mixer M3 controls a muting circuit
demodulator S-curve. The muting system is controlled by a circuit which feeds the demodulated audio signal to the output when the
which determines the correlation between the waveform of the IF correlation is high, or feeds the output from a noise source to the
signal and an inverted version of it which is delayed (phase-shifted) output to give an audible indication of incorrect tuning when the
by half the period of the nominal IF (180). A noise generator works correlation is low. The switching of the muting circuit is progressive
in conjunction with the muting system to give an audible indication (soft muting) to prevent the generation of annoying audio transients.
The output from mixer M3 is available externally at Pin 1 and can
High performance FM radios incorporate squelch systems such as
also used to drive a detuning indicator.
signal strength-dependent muting and tuning deviation-dependent
muting to suppress side responses. They also have a tuning meter
to facilitate correct tuning. Although the TDA7000 is mainly intended
for use in portables and clock radios, it incorporates a very effective
new correlation muting system which suppresses interstation noise
1 =
and spurious responses due to detuning to the flanks of the Vif FM
DEMODULATORVif 90 mute
demodulator S-curve. The muting system is controlled by a circuit ALL-PASS control
FILTER R1
which determines the correlation between the waveform of the IF (Fig 4)
+ 2 =
signal and an inverted version of it which is delayed (phase-shifted) 180 M3
10k
by half the period of the nominal IF (180). A noise generator works
in conjunction with the muting system to give an audible indication of 18 1
incorrect tuning.
C18 C1
Figure 8 illustrates the function of the muting system. Signal IF is
derived by delaying the IF signal by half the period of the nominal IF
and inverting it. With correct tuning as shown in Figure 8a, the f2
2 tan 1 wR C f1
1 18
waveforms of the two signals are identical, resulting in large
1
correlation. In this situation, the audio signal is not muted. With for f 2
180 o C 18

w R1
detuning as shown in Figure 8b, signal IF is phase-shifted with
respect to the IF signal. The correlation between the two waveforms for f
if

70kHz, C 18
227pF
is therefore small and the audio output is muted. Figure 8c shows SR01162
that, because of the low Q of the IF filter, noise causes considerable Figure 9. Correlator of the TDA7000
fluctuations of the period of the IF signal waveform. There is then
small correlation between the two waveforms and the audio is Figure 10 shows that there are two regions where the demodulated
muted. The correlation muting system thus suppresses noise and audio signal is fed to the output because the muting is inactive. One
side responses due to detuning to the flanks of the demodulator region is centered on the correct tuning point fL. The other is
S-curve. Since the mute threshold is much lower than that obtained centered on the image frequency fL. The image response is
with most other currently-used muting systems, this muting system therefore not suppressed by the muting system when the
is ideal for portable radios which must often receive signals with a frequency-locked loop is open. When the loop is closed, the time
level only slightly above the input noise. constant of the muting system, which is determined by external
capacitor C1, prevents the image response being passed to the
audio output. This is described under the next heading.
large I.F.
correlation
with (a)
correct
tuning I.F.

small I.F.
correlation (b)
due to
detuning I.F.

I.F.
very small
correlation (c)
due to
noise I.F.

SR01161

Figure 8. Function of the Correlation Muting System

1991 Dec 6
Philips Semiconductors Application note

A complete FM radio on a chip AN192

lock transient A during the short interval while the IF traverses from
V f2 to f1. Since the image response occurs halfway between f1
and f2, it is also suppressed.
FM demodulator
(a)
Figure 12 shows the audio output from the TDA7000 radio as a
output voltage 0 f
rf
f osc function of tuned frequency with aerial signal level as a parameter.
Compared with the similar diagram for a typical conventional
portable radio (Figure 7), there are three important improvements:
V
image correct 1. There are no side responses due to the flanks of the demodulator
response tuning
local oscillator S-curve. This is due to the action of the correlation muting system
control voltage (b)
0 f f osc
(soft mute) which combines the function of a detuning-dependent
rf
muting system with that of a signal strength-dependent muting
side system.
tuning
V
2. The correct tuning frequency band is wide, even with weak aerial
signals. This is due to the AFC action of the FLL which reduces a
correlator
output voltage 0
(c) large variation of aerial input frequency (equivalent to detuning) to a
f f osc
rf small variation of the IF. There is no audio distortion when the radio
is slightly detuned.
V
ON 3. Although the soft muting system remains operative with low level
aerial signals, there is no degradation of the audio signal under
mute function (d) these conditions. This is due to the high gain of the IF
f
rf
f osc limiter/amplifier which provides 3dB limiting of the IF signal with an
OFF aerial input level of 1.5V. However, the soft muting action does
f1 f2 0 f1 f2
reduce the audio output level with low level aerial signals.

audio correct f rf f osc

output voltage image tuning
with (e)
soft muting fOSC
f f osc
rf
side tuning VO
suppressed
SR01163

Figure 10. Operation of the Correlation Muting System with incorrect

Open-Loop FLL side tuning
suppressed

Correlation Muting System With Closed FLL A

B D
The closed-loop response of the FLL is shown in Figure 11, in which
the point of origin is the nominal IF (fRFfOSC=fL ). With correct frf
tuning, the muting is inactive and the audio signal is fed to the
output. Spurious responses due to the flanks of the demodulator C

S-curve which occur outside the IF band f2 to f2 are suppressed

because the muting is active. Fast transients of the audio signal due
to locking of the loop (A and B), and to loss of lock (C and D) are
suppressed in two ways. capture range

Lock and loss of lock transients B and D occur when the IF is holding range
greater than f2 and are therefore suppressed because the muting is
active. The situation is different during loss of lock transient C = area of correct tuning
because the muting is only active for the last part of the transient. To SR01164
completely suppress this transient, capacitor C1 in Figure 2 holds Figure 11. Closed-Loop Response of the FLL
the muting control line positive (muting active) during the short
interval while the IF traverses from f1 to f2. The same applies for

1991 Dec 7
Philips Semiconductors Application note

A complete FM radio on a chip AN192

200kHz
RECEIVER CIRCUITS
Circuits With Variable Capacitor Tuning
Vaf Vrf = 10mV The circuit diagram of the complete mono FM radio is given in
Figure 2. An experimental printed-wiring board layout is given in
Figure 13. Special attention has been paid to supply lines and the
positioning of large-signal decoupling capacitors.
The functions of the peripheral components of Figure 2 not already
described are as follows:
Vaf 1mV
C1 Determines the time constant required to ensure muting of
audio transients due to the operation of the FLL.
C2 Together with R2 determines the time constant for audio
de-emphasis (e.g., R2C2 = 40s.

Vaf 100V C3 The output level from the noise generator during muting
increases with increasing value of C3. If silent mute is required, C3
can be omitted.
C4 Capacitor for the FLL filter. It eliminates IF harmonics at the
output of the FM demodulator. It also determines the time constant
for locking the FLL and influences the frequency response.
Vaf 10V
C5 Supply decoupling capacitor which must be connected as close
as possible to Pin 5 of the TDA7000.
C7 to C12, C17 and C18 Filter and demodulator capacitors. The
values shown are for an IF of 70kHz. For other intermediate
frequencies, the values of these capacitors must be changed in
Vaf 3V inverse proportion to the IF change.
C14 Decouples the reverse RF input. It must be connected to the
common return via a good quality short connection to ensure a
low-impedance path. Inductive or capacitive coupling between C14
tuned frequency and the local oscillator circuit or IF output components must be
SL01165 avoided.
Figure 12. Audio Signal of the TDA7000 as a Function of the C15 Decouples the DC feedback for IF limiter/amplifier LA1.
Tuned Frequency with RF Input as a Parameter
C19 and C21 Local oscillator tuning capacitors. Their values
depend on the required tuning range and on the value of tuning
capacitor C20.
C22, C23, L1, L2 The values given are for an RF bandpass filter
with Q = 4 for the European and USA domestic FM broadcast band
(87.5MHz to 108MHz). For reception of the Japanese FM broadcast
band (76MHz to 91MHz), L1 must be increased to 78nH and L2
must be increased to 150nH. If stopband attenuation for high level
AM or TV signals is not required, L2 and C22 can be omitted and C23
changed to 220pF.
R2 The load for the audio output current source. It determines the
audio output level, but its value must not exceed 22k for VCC =
4.5V, or 47k for VCC = 9V.

1991 Dec 8
Philips Semiconductors Application note

A complete FM radio on a chip AN192

VO
(dB)

S+N
(75mV) 0

1
20 2

220pF THD
1 (%)
13
75
Vrf TDA7000 40 10
220pF
14 THD
NOISE 5

60 0
106 105 104 103 102 101 1
Vrf (e.m.f.)

NOTES:
The curves numbered 1 were measured with the muting system active. The curves numbered 2 were measured with the muting system disabled by injecting about 20A into
Pin 1 of the TDA7000. The input frequency was 96MHz modulated with 1kHz with a deviation of 75kHz for the distortion curve.
SR01166

Figure 13. Audio Output as a Function of Input EMF

PERFORMANCE OF THE CIRCUIT

VCC=4.5V, TA=25C fRF=96MHz, VRF=0.2mV EMF from a 75 source, modulated with f=22.5kHz, fM=1kHz. Noise voltage
measured unweighted over the bandwidth 300Hz to 20kHz, unless otherwise specified.
SYMBOL PARAMETER TYP MAX
<80>Sensitivity (EMF voltage)for 3dB limiting:
EMF muting disabled 1.5
EMF for 3dB muting 6
EMF for (S+N)/N=26dB 5.5
<80>Signal handling (EMF voltage)
EMF 200
for THD<10%; f=75kHz
(S+N)/N Signaltonoise ratio (see Figure 14) 60
<80>Total harmonic distortion (see Figure 14)
THD
at f=22.5kHz
THD
at f=75kHz
<80>AM suppression
(ratio of the AM output signalreferred to the FM output signal)
AMS
FM signal: fm=1kHz;f=75kHz
AM signal: fm=1kHz; m=80%
RR 10
V65 RMS 250
fOSC 80Variation of oscillator frequencywith supply voltage (VCC=1V) 60
S+300 45
S300 35
fRF AFC range 300
B 80Audio bandwidth at VO=3dBmeasured with preemphasis (t=50s) 10
VO(RMS) 80AF output voltage (RMS value)at RL=22k 75
RL 22
RL 47

1991 Dec 9
Philips Semiconductors Application note

A complete FM radio on a chip AN192

Circuit With Variable-Capacitance Diode Tuning

Since it is only necessary to tune the local oscillator coil, it is very
simple to modify the circuit of Figure 2 for variable-capacitance
diode tuning. The modifications are shown in Figure 14. A circuit
board layout for the modified receiver and a photograph of a
complete laboratory model are shown in Figure 15.

VP PIN 5
(4.5V)
BZX79
3VO 5.6k
100k 82 10nF 3.3nF

Vtune 10k TDA7000

56nH (Figure 2)
100k
BC558
(log)

BB809
PIN 6
300k 1.5k

0V PIN 16

SR01167

Figure 14. Variable-Capacitance Diode Tuning for the Local Oscillator.

Additional Measures Must be Taken to Ensure Temperature Stability.

100k
1.5k 300k

BZX79 100k
5.6k
BC558
10nF
10k 82k

BB809 3.3nF
150nF a.f. output
L1 C5 C4 C3
56nH
C8 C7 C1
C19
C2 +
9 1 R2
TDA7000
10 18 0V
L2
C12 C22
C10 C18
C15
C11 C23 C14 C17

L2

SL01168

Figure 15. Circuit Board Layout and Complete Model of a TDA7000 Radio With Variable-Capacitance Diode Tuning

1991 Dec 10
Philips Semiconductors Application note

A complete FM radio on a chip AN192

Narrow-Band FM Receiver
The TDA7000 can also be used for reception of narrowband FM
signals. In this case, the local oscillator is crystal-controlled (as
shown in Figure 16) and there is therefore hardly any compression
of the IF swing by the FLL. The deviation of the transmitted carrier
frequency due to modulation must therefore be limited to prevent
severe distortion of the demodulated audio signal.
The component values in Figure 17 result in an IF of 4.5kHz and an
IF bandwidth of 5kHz (Figure 17). If the IF is multiplied by N, the
values of capacitors C17 and C18 in the all-pass filters and the
values of filter capacitors C7, C8, C10, C11, and C12 must be
multiplied by 1/N. For improved IF selectivity to achieve greater
adjacent channel attenuation, second-order networks can be used in
place of C10 and C11.
In this circuit the detuning noise generator is not used. Since the
circuit is mainly for reception of audio signals, the audio output must
be passed through a low-pass Chebyshev filter to suppress IF
harmonics.

r.f. input

+4.5V
C18 C17 C11
C15 C23 C12 100nF
3.9nF 4.7nF 4.7F 220pF 3.3nF C10

C14 4.7nF
220pF
18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10

TDA7000
(see Fig. 1)

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

C7
C4 C5
4.7nF 100nF 100nF
R2 C2
C1 2.7nF
150nF 22k C8
2.2nF

a.f. output

200mVRMS

SR01169

Figure 16. A Narrowband FM Receiver With a Crystal-Controlled Local Oscillator

V i +20
20 log
V o +10
(dB)
0
3dB
5kHz
10 25dB

20

30

40

50

60
0 5 10 15 20
f (kHz)

SR01170

Figure 17. IF Selectivity for the Narrowband FM Receiver

1991 Dec 11
Philips Semiconductors Application note

A complete FM radio on a chip AN192

AUDIO AMPLIFIER AND DETUNING INDICATOR

CIRCUITS
Audio output stages suitable for use with the TDA7000 are shown in
Figures 18 and 19. Figure 20 shows how the muting signal can be
used to operate an LED to give an indication of detuning.

+3V
65
earpiece
220k
1nF

from Pin 2 BC550B

TDA7000
1) 1)
22k
4.7nF PO = 0.4mW, d = 10%
0V quiescent current = 4mA

SR01171

Figure 18. A 0.4mW Transistor Audio Output Stage Without

Volume Control for Driving an Earpiece

+4.5V

22 +
to Pin 5 220F 5 3
TDA7000 4
TDA1011A
220F
8 POWER 2
PREAMP
AMP +
VA

4.7
from Pin 2 9 7 6 1
TDA7000
1) 8
1) 22k 5.6k 100nF

4.7nF (log) 0.1F

1.8nF
0V

NOTE:
1. These components replace C2 and R2 in Figure 2. PO = 250mW, d = 10% quiescent current = 8mA.
SR01172

Figure 19. An Integrated 250mW Audio Output Stage

+3V ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors wish to acknowledge the information provided by
from Pin 1 470k D. Kasperkovitz and H.v. Rumpt for incorporation in this article.
of the BC558
TDA7000
(Fig. 1)

REFERENCE
NOW, W. and SIEWERT, I., Integrated circuitsfor hi-fi radios and
0V tuners, Electronic Componentsand Applications, Vol. 4, No. 1,
SR01173 November 1981,pp. 11 to 27.
Figure 20. A Detuning Indicator Driven by the Mute Signal
From the TDA7000

1991 Dec 12
Philips Semiconductors Application note

A complete FM radio on a chip AN192

NOTES

1991 Dec 13
Philips Semiconductors Application note

A complete FM radio on a chip AN192

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or modification.

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Philips Semiconductors Copyright Philips Electronics North America Corporation 1991

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1991 Dec 14