Serial : A_EE_Power System_040917_LS2

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CLASS TEST ELECTRICAL

2017-18 ENGINEERING

Subject : Power Systems

Date of test : 04/09/2017

Answer Key

1. (d) 7. (d) 13. (b) 19. (b) 25. (c)

2. (a) 8. (b) 14. (a) 20. (a) 26. (a)

3. (a) 9. (d) 15. (c) 21. (c) 27. (d)

4. (d) 10. (c) 16. (b) 22. (b) 28. (c)

5. (b) 11. (c) 17. (d) 23. (d) 29. (b)

6. (c) 12. (d) 18. (b) 24. (a) 30. (b)

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Detailed Explanations

1. (d)

old rating 500

Mp.u new = Mp.u old = 20 = 100 p.u
new rating 100

MVA new 100

Xnew = Xp.u old =2 = 0.4
MVA old 500

2. (a)
For economic operation,

dc1 dc2
dPG1 = dPG2

or, 0.20PG1 + 40 = 0.25PG2 + 30

or, 5P2 4P1 = 200 ...(1)
also, P1+ P2 = 250 ...(2)
On solving equations (1) and (2), we have:
400
PG2 = MW
3
350
and PG1 = MW
3

3. (a)
The critical distributive voltage is:

d 305
Vd = 21m r In = 21 1.07 0.625 In
r 0.625

= 21 1.07 0.625 6.19 = 87 kV

The line-to-line voltage is
87 3 = 150.6 kV
Since the operating voltage is 110 kV, the corona loss will be absent.
Hence, corona loss = zero.

4. (d)
Since the L.T side is connected, the C.T on that side will be star connected.
Hence, if 400 A is the line current, the C.T secondary current will be 5A.
Thus, the line current on the star side of the power transformer will be
6.6
400 = 80 A
33
The C.Ts on the star side of transformer is delta connected and the current required on the relay side of the
C.T is 5A.
5
Hence, the current in the C.T secondary (phase current) is .
3
5
The C.T ratio on the H.T side will be 80 :
3

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 CTEE17 Power Systems 9

5. (b)
I = 0
VS VR 2V
X X

I I

V V

As the receiving end is open circuited, hence, the transmitted current will be zero
Therefore, reflection coefficient of current = 1
Also, reflection coefficient of voltage will be +1

6. (c)
ABCB are used for EHV/UHV applications and uses resistances switch to avoid transient over voltages
occurring due to capacitor formation between breaker poles.
In SF6 C.B, there is excellent heat transfer properties due to low molecular weight.
Vaccum circuit breaker requires least maintenance and hence used for rural electrification purpose.
Also, capacitor switching can be easily done with VCB.

7. (d)
Transient stability of the power system can be improved by using high speed CBs, auto reclosing units,
single pole switching of CBs and by increasing the turbine input.

8. (b)
Penalty factor,

1 1 10
L1 = dPLoss = =
1 2 8
dP1 1
10

and cost of received power

dF1 10
= L1 dP = (0.1 10 + 3) = Rs 5/MWhr
1 8

9. (d)
1 1 1
Y22 = y20 + y12 + y23 = + + = j 20
j0.2 j0.2 j0.1

10. (c)
From load-curve, we have:
1
(1000 90) + 2 7760 90 + (10 7760)
Average load = = 60.13 unit
8760
Also, maximum demand
= 100 units
load factor

60.13
= 100 = 60.13%
100

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10 Electrical Engineering

11. (c)
For 3 fault,

E ph
If2 =
X1

For a LG fault,

3E ph
If1 =
X1 + X 2 + X 0 + 3 X n

Now, for generator,

or, X2 X1

3E ph
If1 =
2X 1 + X 0 + 3 X n

1
Now, if X n < (X 1 X 0 )
3

then, If1 > If2

i.e. [LG fault current > 3-phase fault current]

12. (d)
Take diagram (i)
3Cs = 0.8 F
Cs = 0.2667 F

CS

CC CC

B Y

Cs + 2Cc = 0.35 F
0.2667 + 2Cc = 0.35
Cs = 0.04165 F
In general the condition of phases should be,

CS

R
3CC
3CC N 3C
C

B Y

Cph/km = Cs + 3Cc = 0.2667 + 3 (0.04165)

Cph/km = 0.39165 F/km
Cph for 30 km = 11.75 F

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 CTEE17 Power Systems 11

13. (b)
The zero-sequence network will be given by option (b).
Here, generator G1 side transformer is connected in so, on primary side of this transformer, shunt
switch will be closed and series switch will be open while on secondary side series switch will be closed
and shunt switch will be open. 3zn is added due to the grounding reactance of generator G1.
On generator-G2 side, transformer connection is . So, on line side of transformer, series switch will be
closed and shunt switch will be open. While on generator side, shunt switch will be closed and series
switch will remain open.

14. (a)
For symmetrical spacing, GMD is equal to GMD due to any one phase
Equivalent GMD
= (3.5 3.5 7)1/3 = 4.4 m
= 440 cm
Capacitance from line-to ground/neutral capacitance is:

2 0r
Cn =
GMD
In
r

Here, r = 1

d 1.05
r = = cm = 0.525 cm
2 2

2 8.85 10 12 1
Cn = F/m
440
In
0.525

= 8.26104 1012 F/m

= 8.26104 109 F/km = 8.26 nF/km

15. (c)
From swing equation, rotor acceleration is given by

d 2 Pa
2 =
dt M
(Where, Pa = accelerating power)
Accelerating power,
Pa = 85 60 = 25 MW
Inertia constant,

K.E. Stored MJ sec

M = 180f elec degree

GH 100 8 MJ sec
or, M = = 180 60 elec degree
180 60

2 MJ sec
= 27 elec degree

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rotor acceleration,

d 2 Pa 25
( 27)
2 = M = 2 = 337.5 electrical degree/s2
dt

16. (b)
PL = 100 MW, VS = VR = 11 kV

j 0.2x 112
zline = = j 0.242
100

VSVR
Pl = sin
X
= 11.537

VSVR VR2 (11)2 112

QL = cos = cos (11.537)
X X 0.242 0.242
= 10.1 MVAR
So, Reactive power injected = QL
= 10.1 MVAR

17. (d)
zero-regulation occurs at leading p.f.
and + = 90
or, tan = tan (90 )

R
or, tan = cot =
X
Given, R = X
tan = 1
or, = 45 leading
pf = cos = cos 45 = 0.707 leading

18. (b)
350

3000 pF

The maximum value of voltage is given by

V = 2V 1 e zc

210 10
6 12
= 2 500 350 3000
1 e
= 851 kV

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19. (b)
1 is false as it limit the current when short circuit occurs in the line
2 is true as it decreases ripple factor
3 is false because it prevent commutation failure in inverter
4 is true as it decreases harmonic voltage & current in dc line.

20. (a)
z1

z2
1 + j0

L.L fault sequence network

40 106
Base current = = 2100 A
3 11000

Ea 1
I a1 = = = j2
z1 + z2 j0.2 + j0.3
I a1 = Ia2 = j2

Ia0 = 0

2
If = Ib = Ic = Ib1 + Ib2 + Ib0 = Ia1 + Ia2

3
= j2 Ia1 = 3.464 p.u. = 7.274 kA
2

21. (c)
since load is at bus-2 only, therefore,
B22 = 0
and B12 = B21 = 0
Loss in the line is given by:
PL = B11P12
since, PD1 = 0,

PG1 = P1

For PG1 = 100 MW,

PL = 10 MW
i.e. 10 = B11(100)2
or, B11 = 0.001 (MW)1

dPL
Here, dP2 = 0

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dPL
& dP1 = 2B11P1

For plant -1, we have:

dP
0.02 PG + 16 = 1 L
1
dP1

= (12 B11 P1)

= (1 2 B11PG1 ) ...(1)

For plant-2, we have:

dPL
0.04 PG2 + 20 = 1 dP
2

= (1 0) = ...(2)
Substituting the value of B11 and = 25 and solving equations (1) and (2), we get:
PG1 = 128.57 MW

& PG2 = 125 MW

loss in the line
= B11P12 = 0.001 (128.57)2 = 16.53 MW
Hence, power received by the load is:
PD2 = PG1 + PG2 PL = 128.57 + 125 16.53

PD2 = 237.04 MW

22. (b)
y 11 + y 12 + y 13 y 12 y 13

[Ybus] = y 21 y 21 + y 22 + y 23 y 23
y 31 y 32 y 31 + y 32 + y 33

j 6 j 3 j4
j 3 j7 j 5
=
j 4 j 5 j 8
by comparing Y33 element
y31 + y32 + y33 = j 8
(j 4) + (j 5) + y33 = j 8
y33 = j1
after compensating with 50% of shunt capacitance
= j1 0.5 = j 0.5 pu
Hence, new value = j 8 j 0.5 = j 8.5 pu

23. (d)

Fault current (primary)

Plug setting multiplier = PSM =
Relay current setting CT ratio

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 CTEE17 Power Systems 15

2000 5

2000 400
=
400 0.5 5
0.5 5
5

PSM = 10

24. (a)
Since the system is operating initially under steady state condition a small perturbation will make rotor
oscillate. The natural frequency of oscillation is given by

1
dPe 2

fn = d 0
M

For 75% loading,

Pe = 0.75 Pmax = Pmax sin 0
sin 0 = 0.75
or, 0 = 0.848 rad

dPe V1V2
= cos 0 = 1.1 1.0 0.6614 = 1.455
d 0 X 0.5
Also, M = Inertia constant

GH 1 3 3
= = =
f 50 50
Natural frequency of oscillation,
1
50 2
fn = 1.455 = 8.728 rad/sec = 1.39 Hz
3

25. (c)
GMR (Geometrical mean radius)

= Self GMD = Ds = x2 (D11. D12 . D13 )(D 21 . D 22 . D 23 (D 31 . D 32 . D 33 )

= 9 (0.7788R 3R 3R )3
Ds = KR = 1.913 R
K = 1.913

26. (a)
Given, steady state reactance
= 100%
100
So, steady S.C. MVA = 10 = 10 MVA
100
steady state short circuit current

10 106
= = 418.37 A = 0.418 kA
3 13.8 103
Also, maximum possible d.c component = peak value of the subtransient current

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16 Electrical Engineering

Now, sub stransient reactance

= Xd = 10%
short circuit MVA

100
= 10 = 100 MVA
10
so, rms value of sub-stransient current

100 106
= = 4183.7 A
3 13.8 103
So, the maximum possible d.c. component of short circuit current
= 2 4183.7 = 5916.64 A
= 5.91 kA

27. (d)
Let x% be the winding that remains unprotected
The phase voltage

6600
Vph = = 3810 V
3

x
Voltage of unprotected portion = 3810.
100

x 1
Fault current = 3810. Ampere
100 8

5000
Also, full-load current = = 437.38 Ampere
3 6.6
The out of balance current required for the operation of the relay.
= 437.38 0.25 = 109.34 A

3810 x
= 109.34
800
or, 4.7625 x = 109.34
or, x = 22.95%

28. (c)
Zline
Given,
Zload/phase = (6 + j 9) ZL ZL
400 V
and Zline/phase = (1 + j2)
The equivalent star load impedance Zline

1 ZL
= (6 + j 9)
3
Zline
= (2 + j3)
= (RL + jXL)
Impedance per phase
= (2 + j3) + (1 + j2) = (3 + j 5) = (RP + jXP)

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 CTEE17 Power Systems 17

231
line current =
(3 + j 5) = 39.6 A = IL
Power input = 3 I2L RP = 3 (39.6)2 3 = 14113.44 Watts
& power output = 3 I2L RL = 3 (39.6)2 2 = 9408.96 watts

Power input 14113.44

Power output = 9408.96 = 1.5

29. (b)
Distance between each sub-conductor
= ds = 0.4 m
and d = 6.5 m

5
radius of each conductor, r = = 2.5 cm = 0.025 m
2
self GMD (of one phase) is:
Ds = (0.7788 r ds)1/2 = (0.7788 0.025 0.4)1/2 = 0.08825 m
= self GMD of complete configuration of conductors (due to
symmetrical spacing between sub-conductor)
Also, mutual GMD,
1
Dm = (GMD )phase a (GMD )phase b (GMD )phase c 3

1
= (6.5 13)1/ 2 (6.5 6.5)1/ 2 (6.5 13)1/ 2 3

= [6.5 13 6.5]1/ 3 = 8.19 m

GMD 8.19
Inductance per km/phase = 2 10 4 In = 2 104In

SelfGMD 0.08825

= 0.906 mH/km/phase

30. (b)
At no load condition active power at receiving end = 0
Reactive power at receiving = QR = reactive power absorbed by the reactor to make
VS = VR
A = D = 0.90
A = 0.9; = 0
B = 200 90
B = 200; = 90

2
VS VR A VR
SR = PR + jQR = ( )
B B

Real power at receiving end is

2
VS VR A VR
PR = cos( ) cos( )
B B

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18 Electrical Engineering

PR = Real power at the receiving end is zero so,

2 2
VR 0.9 VR
O = cos(90 ) cos(90 0)
200 200

2
VR
O = sin
200
= 0
Reactive power at the receiving end,
2
VS VR A VR
QR = sin( ) sin( )
B B

2 2
V 0.9 VR
QR = R sin(90) sin(90)
200 200

2
0.1VR
QR = ...(i)
200
Reactive power observed by the reactor X is
2
V
Q = R ...(ii)
X
Equating equation (i) and (ii),
2
VR 0.1VR
=
X 200

200
X = = 2000
0.1

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