BDSLT Report

BIDIRECTIONAL STATIC LOAD TEST
Pile No. BP4 (1,500 mm )
Prepared for:
P.T. HUTAMA KARYA (Persero)

Jl. Letjend M.T. Haryono
Kav. 8 -Cawang Jakarta 13340
INDONESIA
Prepared by :
SOIL DYNAMICS (MALAYSIA) SDN. BHD.
19, Jalan TPP 1/10

Taman Industri Puchong
47160 Puchong,
Selangor Darul Ehsan, MALAYSIA
COPY
NO
JOB NO.
(FILENAME)
SUPPLEMENTARY
NO.
ISSUED
DATE
PREPARED BY
TESTING
PERSONNEL
4
4358
4358BD001
0 16/09/2008 CEK MNAbH
Bi-directional Static Load Test
Test Report
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................
.................................. 2
2. TEST PILE AND INSTRUMENTATION

DETAILS ................................................... 2
3. BORED PILE
CONSTRUCTION.......................................................................
..........3
4. LOAD TEST
PROCEDURE .........................................................................
................ 4
5. DISCUSSION OF
RESULTS............................................................................
............ 5
5.1 PERFORMANCE OF
INSTRUMENTATION ...................................................... 5
5.2 LOAD-MOVEMENT
BEHAVIOUR .................................................................... 5
6.
CONCLUSIONS........................................................................
...................................6
FIGURES
FIGURE 1
Schematic Section of Test Pile
CHARTS
CHART 1
Load Movement Curves
CHART 2
Equivalent Top Loaded vs. Settlement Curves
APPENDICES
Appendix A
Load-Movement Data
Appendix B
Construction of the Equivalent Top-Loaded
Load Settlement Curve
Appendix C
Calibration Certificates
Proposed Dr. Ir. Soekarno Bridge at Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia Page 1
Pile # BP4
Test Report
1. INTRODUCTION
Soil Dynamics (M) Sdn. Bhd. (SDM) has carried out a Bi-directional Static Load Test
on a bored pile referred as pile no. BP4 at the Proposed Dr. Ir. Soekarno Bridge
at
Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia project on 12th September 2008.
The main objective of this load test was to proof-load the test pile to its maximum
test
load of 1,500 tonnes which is two (2) times the working load of 750 tonnes.
2. TEST PILE AND INSTRUMENTATION DETAILS

The test pile was a 1,500 mm diameter bored pile with a total embedded length of
41.550 m from ground level (40.250 m from cut-off level). The hydraulic jack
assembly comprising of two (2) 400-tonne capacity bi-directional hydraulic jacks,
were installed at 26.813 m from ground level (25.00 m RL).
There were a pair each of tell-tale extensometers installed at the top and bottom
of the
hydraulic jacks assembly. Their movements were measured against a reference frame
constructed by the contractor. The pile top movements were also measured against
this reference frame.
Pile # BP4
Test Report
Working Load: 750 tonnes

Test Load: 1,500 tonnes
Reaction Type: Bi-directional Static Load Test
Hydraulic Jacks: 2 x 400-tonne hydraulic jacks at Level J1 (single level test)
Displacement Gauges:
6 x TOKYO SOKKI Model SDP-100C 100 mm maximum
stroke resistance-type displacement transducers
Pressure Gauge: 1 x 4-20mA type 15,000 PSI pressure transducer
Data Recording
Equipment:
1 x DataTaker Model DT515 datalogger
(for pressure and displacement)
Data Recording Intervals: 1-minute
3. BORED PILE CONSTRUCTION

Bored pile excavation was carried out under the bored pile contractors work plan
as
approved by the Engineer.
The hydraulic jacks assembly and steel cages were jointed and lowered into the
bored
hole. The pile was concreted according to the contractors method statement.
Pile # BP4
Test Report
4. LOAD TEST PROCEDURE

Load testing commenced by applying hydraulic pressure to the hydraulic jacks using
an air-driven hydraulic pump. A high-pressure Bourdon gauge as well as a calibrated
pressure transducer was used to measure the pressure. The displacement transducers,
which were supported from the reference frame, were used to measured relative
movements (with respect to ground) at the designated points of measurement.
It is to be noted that the loads applied by the bi-directional hydraulic jacks act
in two
opposite directions, resisted by upper side shear above the jack assembly and by
the
combined end bearing and lower side shear below the jack assembly.
Loading and unloading were carried out in the cycle as shown in the following
schedule:
Loading
Cycle
Load Increment /
Decrement (% WL)
Effective Bi-directional
Load (tonnes)
Holding Time
L 1-0 0 0 0
L 1-1 25 188 30 mins
L 1-2 50 375 30 mins
L 1-3 75 563 30 mins
L 1-4 100 750 23 mins
UL 1-1 50 375 11 mins
UL 1-2 0 0 3 mins
It was to note that the loading was only carried out up to 100% of Working Load
(WL) and was not continued to 200% of Working Load due to the hydraulic jacks
have reached its maximum stroke of 180mm. The pile was subsequently unloaded as
per schedule above.
A millimeter scale was fixed to the reference frame, and direct readings from an
optical level to this scale were observed to check that there were no gross errors
in the
displacement transducer readings. During the duration of testing, no deflection of
reference beam was detected.
Pile # BP4
Test Report
5. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
5.1 PERFORMANCE OF INSTRUMENTATION
The pile head movements were measured directly using displacement
transducers mounted on the reference beam. Meanwhile, the top and bottom of
hydraulic jacks assembly were measured using displacement transducers that
were connected to telltale extensometers. Six (6) displacement transducers
were used to measure all movements at the designated points. All the
displacement transducers performed well during the duration of the test.
5.2 LOAD-MOVEMENT BEHAVIOUR

CHART 1 shows the load movement curves of the loading cycle.
The maximum pile top movement was 4.8 mm and maximum upward
movement at the jack assembly was 5.3 mm. The maximum downward
movement at the jack assembly was 169.3 mm at the applied load of
375 tonne that was equivalent to the effective bi-directional load of 750 tonne
(100% WL).
The loading was not continued to 200% of Working Load due to high
settlement and the hydraulic jacks have reached their maximum stroke of
180mm.
CHART 2 shows the equivalent top loaded load movement curves as derived.
Adjustment for additional elastic compression is calculated as PL/EA where P
is the applied load, L the length, E the elastic modulus and A the cross-
sectional area.
The results show that the test pile would settle by 26.4 mm at 750 tonnes
(100% Working Load).
Pile # BP4
Test Report
6. CONCLUSION
The bi-directional static load test that started on 12th September 2008 was
terminated on the same day. The loading was carried out to the maximum
applied load of 750 tonnes (100% Working Load).
The equivalent top-loaded load movement curves (CHART 2) as constructed

showed that a top-loaded pile of 40.250 m length (length below cut-off level)
would be expected to settle by 26.4 mm at 750 tonnes (100% WL).
Pile # BP4
Test Report
Pile No. BP4
LEVEL
REFERENCE
LEVEL DESCRIPTION
DEPTH
(m)
Tell-taleextensometersGL Ground Level 1.813
COL Cut-off Level 0.513
J1 Hydraulic jack assembly -25.000
(2 x 400 tonnes)
PT Pile toe -39.737
HydraulicjackassemblyHydraulichoses
FIGURE 1 -Schematic Section of Test Pile
Pile # BP4
Test Report
Proposed Dr. Ir. Soekarno Bridge at Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Bidirectional Static Load Test on Pile No. BP4
Tested on 12th September 2008
Chart 1 -Load-Movement Plot
Unidirectional Load (tonnes)
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
-100.0
-80.0
-60.0
-40.0
-20.0
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
140.0
160.0
180.0
200.0
Displacement (mm)
Pile Top
Cell Top Cell Bottom
Pile # BP4
Test Report
Bidirectional Static Load Test on Pile No. BP4

CHART 2 -Equivalent Top Load vs Settlement Curves
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Load (tonnes)
Settlement (mm)
Settlement (Rigid Pile) Settlement (Adjusted for Elastic Compression)
Pile # BP4
Test Report
APPENDIX A
Load-Movement Data
Proposed Dr. Ir. Soekarno Bridge at Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia Page A-0
Pile # BP4
BIDIRECTIONAL STATIC LOAD TEST AT
1,500 mm dia Bored Pile (Pile # BP4)
Date / Time
Applied Pressure
(PSI)
Effective
Bidirectional
Load (tonne)
Actual Jack
Load (tonne)
Average Displacement (mm)
Pile Top Cell Top Cell Bottom
12/09/08 03:53 PM 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
12/09/08 03:54 PM 818 118 59 0.0 0.0 0.1
12/09/08 03:55 PM 1180 179 89 -0.1 0.0 0.0
12/09/08 03:56 PM 1203 182 91 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1
12/09/08 03:57 PM 1242 189 94 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1
12/09/08 03:58 PM 1257 191 96 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1
12/09/08 03:59 PM 1246 190 95 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1
12/09/08 04:00 PM 1240 189 94 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1
12/09/08 04:01 PM 1235 188 94 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1
12/09/08 04:02 PM 1232 187 94 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1
12/09/08 04:03 PM 1228 187 93 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1
12/09/08 04:04 PM 1226 186 93 -0.1 -0.2 -0.1
12/09/08 04:05 PM 1222 186 93 -0.2 -0.2 -0.1
12/09/08 04:06 PM 1220 185 93 -0.2 -0.2 0.3
12/09/08 04:07 PM 1219 185 93 -0.2 -0.2 0.3
12/09/08 04:08 PM 1216 185 92 -0.1 -0.2 0.4
12/09/08 04:09 PM 1215 184 92 -0.2 -0.2 0.3
12/09/08 04:10 PM 1263 192 96 -0.2 -0.2 0.4
12/09/08 04:11 PM 1271 194 97 -0.2 -0.2 0.3
12/09/08 04:12 PM 1275 194 97 -0.2 -0.2 0.4
12/09/08 04:13 PM 1275 194 97 -0.2 -0.2 0.3
12/09/08 04:14 PM 1274 194 97 -0.1 -0.1 0.4
12/09/08 04:15 PM 1271 194 97 -0.2 -0.2 0.3
12/09/08 04:16 PM 1269 193 97 -0.2 -0.2 0.3
12/09/08 04:17 PM 1267 193 97 -0.2 -0.2 0.3
12/09/08 04:18 PM 1265 193 96 -0.2 -0.2 0.3
12/09/08 04:19 PM 1263 192 96 -0.2 -0.2 0.3
12/09/08 04:20 PM 1262 192 96 -0.2 -0.2 0.3
12/09/08 04:21 PM 1261 192 96 -0.2 -0.2 0.3
12/09/08 04:22 PM 1260 192 96 -0.2 -0.2 0.3
12/09/08 04:23 PM 1259 192 96 -0.2 -0.2 0.3
12/09/08 04:24 PM 1257 191 96 -0.2 -0.2 0.3
12/09/08 04:25 PM 1256 191 96 -0.2 -0.2 0.3
12/09/08 04:26 PM 1694 264 132 -0.3 -0.3 0.4
12/09/08 04:27 PM 2031 321 160 -0.4 -0.3 0.6
12/09/08 04:28 PM 2300 365 183 -0.5 -0.5 1.1
12/09/08 04:29 PM 2374 378 189 -0.5 -0.5 1.5
12/09/08 04:30 PM 2390 380 190 -0.5 -0.5 1.7
12/09/08 04:31 PM 2374 378 189 -0.5 -0.5 1.8
12/09/08 04:32 PM 2380 379 189 -0.5 -0.5 2.0
12/09/08 04:33 PM 2382 379 190 -0.5 -0.5 2.1
12/09/08 04:34 PM 2382 379 190 -0.5 -0.5 2.2
12/09/08 04:35 PM 2383 379 190 -0.6 -0.6 2.2
12/09/08 04:36 PM 2384 379 190 -0.6 -0.6 2.3
12/09/08 04:37 PM 2386 380 190 -0.6 -0.6 2.3
12/09/08 04:38 PM 2387 380 190 -0.6 -0.6 2.4
12/09/08 04:39 PM 2385 380 190 -0.6 -0.6 2.5
12/09/08 04:40 PM 2388 380 190 -0.6 -0.6 2.5
12/09/08 04:41 PM 2388 380 190 -0.5 -0.6 2.6
12/09/08 04:42 PM 2388 380 190 -0.5 -0.6 2.6
12/09/08 04:43 PM 2386 380 190 -0.6 -0.6 2.7
12/09/08 04:44 PM 2386 380 190 -0.6 -0.6 2.8
12/09/08 04:45 PM 2388 380 190 -0.6 -0.6 2.8
12/09/08 04:46 PM 2387 380 190 -0.6 -0.6 2.9
12/09/08 04:47 PM 2386 380 190 -0.6 -0.6 2.9
12/09/08 04:48 PM 2385 380 190 -0.6 -0.6 3.0

Pile # BP4 Page A-1
Date / Time
Applied Pressure
(PSI)
Effective
Bidirectional
Load (tonne)
Actual Jack
Load (tonne)
12/09/08 04:49 PM 2383 379 190 -0.6 -0.6 3.0
12/09/08 04:50 PM 2382 379 190 -0.6 -0.6 3.1
12/09/08 04:51 PM 2380 379 189 -0.6 -0.6 3.1
12/09/08 04:52 PM 2380 379 189 -0.6 -0.6 3.2
12/09/08 04:53 PM 2378 378 189 -0.6 -0.6 3.3
12/09/08 04:54 PM 2378 378 189 -0.6 -0.6 3.3
12/09/08 04:55 PM 2378 378 189 -0.6 -0.6 3.4
12/09/08 04:56 PM 2378 378 189 -0.6 -0.6 3.4
12/09/08 04:57 PM 2378 378 189 -0.6 -0.6 3.5
12/09/08 04:58 PM 2616 418 209 -0.7 -0.7 4.0
12/09/08 04:59 PM 2696 431 216 -0.7 -0.7 5.5
12/09/08 05:00 PM 2656 425 212 -0.8 -0.8 7.7
12/09/08 05:01 PM 2722 436 218 -0.8 -0.8 10.2
12/09/08 05:02 PM 2787 447 223 -0.8 -0.9 12.7
12/09/08 05:03 PM 2846 457 228 -0.9 -0.9 15.3
12/09/08 05:04 PM 2896 465 232 -1.0 -1.1 17.8
12/09/08 05:05 PM 2932 471 235 -1.0 -1.1 20.0
12/09/08 05:06 PM 2957 475 238 -1.0 -1.1 22.2
12/09/08 05:07 PM 2993 481 241 -1.1 -1.2 24.1
12/09/08 05:08 PM 3015 485 242 -1.1 -1.2 25.9
12/09/08 05:09 PM 3040 489 244 -1.1 -1.2 27.6
12/09/08 05:10 PM 3060 492 246 -1.1 -1.2 29.2
12/09/08 05:11 PM 3085 496 248 -1.1 -1.2 30.2
12/09/08 05:12 PM 3093 498 249 -1.2 -1.3 30.9
12/09/08 05:13 PM 3108 500 250 -1.2 -1.3 31.6
12/09/08 05:14 PM 3122 503 251 -1.2 -1.4 32.2
12/09/08 05:15 PM 3134 505 252 -1.2 -1.3 32.8
12/09/08 05:16 PM 3146 507 253 -1.3 -1.4 33.3
12/09/08 05:17 PM 3179 512 256 -1.3 -1.4 33.9
12/09/08 05:18 PM 3094 498 249 -1.3 -1.4 34.3
12/09/08 05:19 PM 2917 468 234 -1.3 -1.4 39.0
12/09/08 05:20 PM 2901 466 233 -1.3 -1.4 39.5
12/09/08 05:21 PM 2895 465 232 -1.3 -1.4 39.9
12/09/08 05:22 PM 2890 464 232 -1.3 -1.4 40.1
12/09/08 05:23 PM 2893 464 232 -1.3 -1.4 40.3
12/09/08 05:24 PM 2915 468 234 -1.3 -1.4 40.8
12/09/08 05:25 PM 2936 472 236 -1.3 -1.5 41.1
12/09/08 05:26 PM 2948 474 237 -1.3 -1.5 41.6
12/09/08 05:27 PM 2954 475 237 -1.3 -1.4 41.9
12/09/08 05:28 PM 2989 480 240 -1.3 -1.5 42.4
12/09/08 05:29 PM 2991 481 240 -1.4 -1.5 43.0
12/09/08 05:30 PM 3014 485 242 -1.3 -1.4 43.7
12/09/08 05:31 PM 3017 485 243 -1.3 -1.4 44.1
12/09/08 05:32 PM 3038 489 244 -1.3 -1.4 44.6
12/09/08 05:33 PM 2976 478 239 -1.4 -1.4 45.0
12/09/08 05:34 PM 2956 475 237 -1.4 -1.4 45.2
12/09/08 05:35 PM 2944 473 236 -1.4 -1.4 45.4
12/09/08 05:36 PM 2921 469 235 -1.4 -1.4 45.6
12/09/08 05:37 PM 2915 468 234 -1.4 -1.5 45.7
12/09/08 05:38 PM 2888 464 232 -1.4 -1.5 45.8
12/09/08 05:39 PM 2890 464 232 -1.4 -1.5 45.9
12/09/08 05:40 PM 2910 467 234 -1.4 -1.5 46.1
12/09/08 05:41 PM 2906 467 233 -1.4 -1.5 46.2
12/09/08 05:42 PM 2926 470 235 -1.4 -1.5 46.4
12/09/08 05:43 PM 2938 472 236 -1.4 -1.5 46.5
12/09/08 05:44 PM 2940 472 236 -1.4 -1.5 46.7
12/09/08 05:45 PM 2953 474 237 -1.4 -1.5 46.8
12/09/08 05:46 PM 2956 475 237 -1.4 -1.5 47.0
12/09/08 05:47 PM 2970 477 239 -1.4 -1.5 47.1
12/09/08 05:48 PM 2991 481 240 -1.4 -1.5 47.3
12/09/08 05:49 PM 3003 483 241 -1.4 -1.5 47.6

Pile # BP4 Page A-2
Date / Time
Applied Pressure
(PSI)
Effective
Bidirectional
Load (tonne)
Actual Jack
Load (tonne)
12/09/08 05:50 PM 3015 485 242 -1.4 -1.5 47.9
12/09/08 05:51 PM 3032 488 244 -1.4 -1.5 48.1
12/09/08 05:52 PM 3044 490 245 -1.4 -1.5 48.2
12/09/08 05:53 PM 3049 490 245 -1.4 -1.5 48.4
12/09/08 05:54 PM 3059 492 246 -1.4 -1.5 48.6
12/09/08 05:55 PM 3084 496 248 -1.4 -1.5 48.8
12/09/08 05:56 PM 3132 504 252 -1.5 -1.6 49.0
12/09/08 05:57 PM 3162 509 255 -1.4 -1.5 49.6
12/09/08 05:58 PM 3220 519 259 -1.5 -1.6 50.1
12/09/08 05:59 PM 3252 524 262 -1.5 -1.6 52.8
12/09/08 06:00 PM 3311 534 267 -1.6 -1.7 54.5
12/09/08 06:01 PM 3362 543 271 -1.6 -1.8 56.4
12/09/08 06:02 PM 3415 551 276 -1.6 -1.9 58.4
12/09/08 06:03 PM 3444 556 278 -1.7 -1.9 60.4
12/09/08 06:04 PM 3467 560 280 -1.7 -2.0 61.7
12/09/08 06:05 PM 3496 565 282 -1.7 -2.0 63.1
12/09/08 06:06 PM 3526 570 285 -1.8 -2.1 64.5
12/09/08 06:07 PM 3479 562 281 -1.9 -2.1 65.5
12/09/08 06:08 PM 3510 567 284 -1.9 -2.2 66.7
12/09/08 06:09 PM 3530 571 285 -1.9 -2.2 67.8
12/09/08 06:10 PM 3548 574 287 -2.0 -2.2 69.1
12/09/08 06:11 PM 3566 577 288 -2.0 -2.3 70.4
12/09/08 06:12 PM 3532 571 285 -2.0 -2.3 71.5
12/09/08 06:13 PM 3536 572 286 -2.0 -2.3 72.4
12/09/08 06:14 PM 3548 574 287 -2.0 -2.4 78.8
12/09/08 06:15 PM 3388 547 273 -2.0 -2.3 79.3
12/09/08 06:16 PM 3321 536 268 -2.0 -2.3 79.8
12/09/08 06:17 PM 3280 529 264 -2.0 -2.3 80.4
12/09/08 06:18 PM 3412 551 275 -2.0 -2.3 80.9
12/09/08 06:19 PM 3548 574 287 -2.0 -2.3 82.0
12/09/08 06:20 PM 3552 574 287 -2.0 -2.3 82.9
12/09/08 06:21 PM 3541 572 286 -2.0 -2.3 83.7
12/09/08 06:22 PM 3547 573 287 -2.0 -2.3 84.5
12/09/08 06:23 PM 3553 574 287 -2.1 -2.4 85.3
12/09/08 06:24 PM 3442 556 278 -2.0 -2.4 90.4
12/09/08 06:25 PM 3549 574 287 -2.1 -2.4 90.6
12/09/08 06:26 PM 3556 575 287 -2.1 -2.4 90.9
12/09/08 06:27 PM 3557 575 288 -2.1 -2.4 91.4
12/09/08 06:28 PM 3560 576 288 -2.1 -2.4 91.9
12/09/08 06:29 PM 3560 576 288 -2.1 -2.4 92.4
12/09/08 06:30 PM 3562 576 288 -2.1 -2.4 92.8
12/09/08 06:31 PM 3565 576 288 -2.1 -2.4 93.3
12/09/08 06:32 PM 3567 577 288 -2.1 -2.4 93.7
12/09/08 06:33 PM 3686 597 298 -2.1 -2.5 94.7
12/09/08 06:34 PM 3795 615 307 -2.2 -2.5 96.3
12/09/08 06:35 PM 3822 619 310 -2.2 -2.6 98.2
12/09/08 06:36 PM 3863 626 313 -2.4 -2.7 100.3
12/09/08 06:37 PM 3893 631 316 -2.4 -2.7 102.4
12/09/08 06:38 PM 3943 639 320 -2.5 -2.9 104.6
12/09/08 06:39 PM 3983 646 323 -2.6 -3.0 107.0
12/09/08 06:40 PM 4010 651 325 -2.6 -3.0 109.1
12/09/08 06:41 PM 4045 657 328 -2.7 -3.1 111.2
12/09/08 06:42 PM 4078 662 331 -2.8 -3.2 113.5
12/09/08 06:43 PM 4109 667 334 -2.9 -3.3 115.6
12/09/08 06:44 PM 4130 671 335 -3.0 -3.4 117.6
12/09/08 06:45 PM 4174 678 339 -3.0 -3.4 119.7
12/09/08 06:46 PM 4220 686 343 -3.1 -3.5 122.0
12/09/08 06:47 PM 4258 692 346 -3.2 -3.6 123.3
12/09/08 06:48 PM 4303 700 350 -3.3 -3.8 124.4
12/09/08 06:49 PM 4320 702 351 -3.4 -3.8 125.6
12/09/08 06:50 PM 4363 710 355 -3.5 -3.9 126.7

Pile # BP4 Page A-3
Date / Time
Applied Pressure
(PSI)
Effective
Bidirectional
Load (tonne)
Actual Jack
Load (tonne)
12/09/08 06:51 PM 4392 714 357 -3.6 -4.0 127.8
12/09/08 06:52 PM 4418 719 359 -3.6 -4.1 128.8
12/09/08 06:53 PM 4446 723 362 -3.7 -4.2 129.9
12/09/08 06:54 PM 4474 728 364 -3.8 -4.3 130.9
12/09/08 06:55 PM 4504 733 367 -3.9 -4.4 131.9
12/09/08 06:56 PM 4528 737 369 -4.0 -4.4 140.5
12/09/08 06:57 PM 4545 740 370 -4.1 -4.5 141.4
12/09/08 06:58 PM 4567 744 372 -4.2 -4.6 142.3
12/09/08 06:59 PM 4587 747 373 -4.2 -4.7 143.1
12/09/08 07:00 PM 4601 749 375 -4.3 -4.8 150.4
12/09/08 07:01 PM 4601 749 375 -4.4 -4.9 151.9
12/09/08 07:02 PM 4596 748 374 -4.4 -4.9 153.1
12/09/08 07:03 PM 4597 749 374 -4.5 -5.0 154.2
12/09/08 07:04 PM 4609 751 375 -4.5 -5.0 155.2
12/09/08 07:05 PM 4614 751 376 -4.6 -5.0 156.1
12/09/08 07:06 PM 4622 753 376 -4.6 -5.1 157.1
12/09/08 07:07 PM 4611 751 375 -4.6 -5.1 158.0
12/09/08 07:08 PM 4609 751 375 -4.6 -5.1 158.6
12/09/08 07:09 PM 4612 751 376 -4.6 -5.1 159.5
12/09/08 07:10 PM 4618 752 376 -4.7 -5.2 160.3
12/09/08 07:11 PM 4620 752 376 -4.7 -5.2 161.2
12/09/08 07:12 PM 4621 753 376 -4.7 -5.2 161.9
12/09/08 07:13 PM 4626 753 377 -4.7 -5.2 162.8
12/09/08 07:14 PM 4628 754 377 -4.7 -5.2 163.6
12/09/08 07:15 PM 4632 754 377 -4.8 -5.3 164.3
12/09/08 07:16 PM 4638 755 378 -4.7 -5.2 165.1
12/09/08 07:17 PM 4640 756 378 -4.7 -5.3 165.9
12/09/08 07:18 PM 4641 756 378 -4.8 -5.3 166.6
12/09/08 07:19 PM 4645 757 378 -4.8 -5.3 167.4
12/09/08 07:20 PM 4635 755 377 -4.8 -5.3 168.1
12/09/08 07:21 PM 4526 737 368 -4.8 -5.3 168.7
12/09/08 07:22 PM 4468 727 364 -4.8 -5.3 169.3
12/09/08 07:23 PM 3833 621 311 -4.8 -5.3 165.9
12/09/08 07:24 PM 2539 405 203 -4.4 -5.0 166.1
12/09/08 07:25 PM 2576 411 206 -4.4 -5.0 166.1
12/09/08 07:26 PM 2525 403 201 -4.4 -4.9 166.2
12/09/08 07:27 PM 2535 405 202 -4.4 -5.0 166.1
12/09/08 07:28 PM 2540 405 203 -4.4 -5.0 166.1
12/09/08 07:29 PM 2545 406 203 -4.4 -4.9 166.2
12/09/08 07:30 PM 2548 407 203 -4.4 -5.0 166.2
12/09/08 07:31 PM 2549 407 203 -4.4 -5.0 166.2
12/09/08 07:32 PM 2552 407 204 -4.4 -5.0 166.1
12/09/08 07:33 PM 2554 408 204 -4.4 -4.9 166.2
12/09/08 07:34 PM 2556 408 204 -4.4 -4.9 166.2
12/09/08 07:35 PM 69 0 0 -2.0 -2.6 163.0
12/09/08 07:36 PM 0 0 0 -1.5 -2.1 162.0
12/09/08 07:37 PM 0 0 0 -1.5 -2.1 161.8
Pile # BP4 Page A-4
Test Report
APPENDIX B
Construction of the Equivalent Top-Loaded
Load Settlement Curve
Proposed Dr. Ir. Soekarno Bridge at Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia Page B-0
Pile # BP4
Test Report
CONSTRUCTION OF THE EQUIVALENT TOP-LOADED LOAD-SETTLEMENT

CURVE FROM THE RESULTS OF A
BIDIRECTIONAL STATIC LOAD TEST (BDSLT)
Introduction:
BDSLT can provide a good estimate of a curve showing the load versus settlement of
a top-loaded
driven or bored pile (drilled shaft) with the following assumptions, which consider
good sense and
conservative:
1.
The end bearing load-movement curve in a top-loaded shaft has the same loads for a
given
movement as the net (subtract buoyant weight of pile above hydraulic jack) end
bearing
load-movement curve developed by the bottom of the hydraulic jack when placed at or
near
the bottom of the shaft.
2.
The side shear load-movement curve in a top-loaded shaft has the same net shear,
multiplied
by an adjustment factor F for a given downward movement as occurred in the BDSLT
for
that same movement at the top of the jack in the upward direction. The same applies
to the
upward movement in a top-loaded tension test. Unless noted otherwise, a factor
F=0.95 for
compression in cohesionless soils and F=0.80 for tension tests in all soils is
used.
3.
The pile behaves as a rigid body, but include the elastic compressions that are
part of the
movement data obtained from a bidirectional static load test (BDSLT). Procedure 1
interprets an equivalent top-load test (TLT) movement curve and procedure 2
corrects the
effects of the additional elastic compressions in a TLT.
4.
The part of the shaft below the hydraulic jack (one or multi level) has the same
load-
movement behavior as when top-loading the entire shaft. The subsequent end bearing
movement curve refers to the movement of the entire length of shaft below the
jack.
Procedure 1:
Figure A shows BDSLT results and Figure B shows the construction of equivalent top
loaded
settlement curve. Each of the curves shown has points numbered from 1 to 12 such
that the same
point number on each curve has the same movement magnitude.
With the above assumptions, the equivalent curve can be constructed as follows:
Select an arbitrary movement such as the 0.40 inches to give point 4 on the shaft
side shear load
movement curve in Figure A and record the load of 2,090 tons in shear at that
movement. With the
initial assumption of a rigid pile, the top of pile moves downward the same as the
bottom.
Therefore, find point 4 with 0.40 inches of upward movement on the end bearing load
movement
curve and record the corresponding load of 1,060 tons.
Adding these two loads will give the total load of 3, 150 tons due to side shear
plus end bearing at
the same movement and thus gives point 4 on the Figure B load settlement curve for
an equivalent
top-loaded test.
Procedure 1 can be used to obtain all the points in Figure B up to the component
that moved the
least at the end of the test, in this case point 5 in side shear.
Pile # BP4
Test Report
Suitable hyperbolic curve fitting technique can be used for extrapolation of the
side shear curve to
produce end bearing movement data up to 12. Some judgment is required for deciding
on the
maximum number of data points to provide good fit with high correlation
coefficient, r2. Using the
same movement matching procedure described earlier, the equivalent curve to points
6 to 12 can be
extended. The dashed line shown in Figure B, signify that this part of the
equivalent curve depends
partly on extrapolated data.
If the data warrants, the extrapolations of both side shear and end bearing to
extend the equivalent
curve to a greater movement than the maximum measured (point 12) will be used. An
appendix in
this report gives the details of the extrapolation(s) used with the present BDSLT
and shows the fit
with the actual data.
Procedure 2:
The elastic compression in the equivalent top load test always exceeds that in the
BDSLT. It
produces more top movement and also additional side shear movement, which then
generate more
side shear, more compression, etc. An exact solution of this load transfer problem
requires
knowing the side shear vs. vertical movement (t-y) curves for a large number of
pile length
increments and solving the resulting set of simultaneous equations or using finite
element or finite
difference simulations to obtain an approximate solution for these equations.
The attached analysis P.6 gives the equations for the elastic compressions that
occur in the BDSLT
with one or two levels of hydraulic jacks. Analysis P.7 gives the equations for the
elastic
compressions that occur in the equivalent TLT. Both sets of equations do not
include the elastic
compression below the hydraulic jack because the same compression takes place in
both the
BDSLT and the TLT. This is equivalent to taking l3 = 0. Subtracting the BDSLT from
the TLT
compression gives the desired additional elastic compression at the top of the TLT.
The additional
elastic compression is then added to the rigid equivalent curve obtained from
Part 1 to obtain the
final, corrected equivalent load-settlement curve for the TLT on the same pile as
the actual BDSLT.
Note that the above p.6 and p.7 give equations for each of three assumed patterns
of developed side
shear stress along the pile. The pattern shown in the center of the three is
applicable to any
approximate determined side shear distribution. Experience has shown the initial
solution for the
additional elastic compression, as described above, gives an adequate and slightly
conservative
(high) estimate of the additional compression versus more sophisticated load-
transfer analyses as
described in the first paragraph of this Part II.
The analysis p.8 provides an example of calculated results in English units on a

hypothetical 1stage,
single level BDSLT using the simplified method in Part II with the centroid of the
side shear
distribution 44.1% above the base of the hydraulic jack. Figure C compares the
corrected with the
rigid curve of Figure B. Page 9 contains an example equivalent to that above in SI
units.
The final analysis p.10 provides an example of calculated results in English units
on a hypothetical
3-stage, multi level BDSLT using the simplified method in Part II with the centroid
of the combined
upper and middle side shear distribution 44.1% above the base of the bottom
hydraulic jack. The
individual centroids of the upper and middle side shear distribution lie 39.6% and
57.9% above and
below the middle hydraulic jack, respectively. Figure E compares the corrected with
the rigid curve.
Page II contains an example equivalent to that above in SI units.
Other Tests: The example illustrated in Figure A has the maximum component movement
in end
bearing. The procedures remain the same if the maximum test movement occurred in
side shear.
Pile # BP4
Test Report
Then we would have extrapolated end bearing to produce the dashed-line part of the
reconstructed
top-load settlement curve.
The example illustrated also assumes a pile top-loaded in compression. For a pile
top-loaded in
tension we would, based on Assumptions 2 and 3, use the upward side shear load
curve in Figure A,
multiplied by the F = 0.80 noted in Assumption 2, for the equivalent top-loaded
displacement curve.
Expected Accuracy: There are only five series of tests that provide the data needed
to make a
direct comparison between actual, full scale, top-loaded pile movement behavior and
the equivalent
behavior obtained from a BDSLT by the method described herein. These involved three
sites in
Japan and one in Singapore, in a variety of soils, with three compression tests on
bored piles (drilled
shafts), one compression test on a driven pile and one tension test on a bored
pile. The largest
bored pile had a 1.2 m diameter and a 37 m length. The driven pile had a 1-m
increment modular
construction and a 9 m length. The largest top loading = 28 MN (3,150 tons).
The following references detail the aforementioned Japanese tests and the results
therefrom:
Kishida H. et al., 1992, Pile Loading Tests at Osaka Amenity Park Project, Paper
by
Mitsubishi Co., also briefly described in Schmertmann (1993, see bibliography).
Compares
one drilled shaft in tension and another in compression.
Ogura, H. et al., 1995, Application of Pile Toe Load Test to Cast-in-place

Concrete Pile
and Precast Pile, special volume Tsuchi-to-Kiso on Pile Loading Test, Japanese
Geotechnical Society, Vol. 3, No. 5, Ser. No. 448. Original in Japanese. Translated
by
M.B. Karkee, GEOTOP Corporation. Compares one drilled shaft and one driven pile,
both
in compression.
We compared the predicted equivalent and measured top load at three top movements
in each of the
above four Japanese comparisons. The top movements ranged from inch (6 mm) to 40
mm,
depending on the data available.
The (equiv./meas.) ratios of the top load averaged 1.03 in the 15 comparisons with
a coefficient of
variation of less than 10%. These available comparisons help support the practical
validity of the
equivalent top load method described herein.
L.S. Peng, A.M. Koon, R. Page and C. W. Lee report the results of a class-A
prediction by others of
the TLT curve from a BDSLT on a 1.2 m diameter, 37.2 m long bored pile in
Singapore, compared
to an adjacent pile with the same dimensions actually top-loaded by kentledge. They
report about a
4% difference in ultimate capacity and less than 8% difference in settlements over
the 1.0 to 1.5
times working load range comparable to the accuracy noted above. Their paper has
the title
OSTERBERG CELL TESTING OF PILES, and was published in March 1999 in the
Proceedings
of the International Conference on Rail Transit, held in Singapore and published by
the Association
of Consulting Engineers Singapore.
B.H. Fellenius has made several finite element method (FEM) studies of a BDSLT in
which he
adjusted the parameters to produce good load-deflection matches with the BDSLT up
and down
load-deflection curve. He then used the same parameters to predict the TLT
deflection curve. We
compared the FEM-predicted curve with the equivalent load-deflection predicted by
the previously
described Part I and II procedures, with the results again comparable to the
accuracy noted above.
A paper by Fellenius et. al. titled BDSLT and FE Analysis of a 28 m Deep Barrette
in Manila,
Philippines, awaiting publication in the ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and
Environmental
Engineering, details one of the comparisons.
Pile # BP4
Test Report
Limitations: The engineer using these results should judge the conservatism of the
aforementioned
assumptions and extrapolation(s) before utilizing the results for design purposes.
For example,
brittle failure behaviour may produce movement curves with abrupt changes in
curvature (not
hyperbolic). However, the hyperbolic fit method and the assumptions used usually
produce
reasonable equivalent top load settlement curves.
Feb, 2007
Pile # BP4
Test Report
Example of the Construction of an Equivalent Top-Loaded Settlement Curve (Figure B)
From BDSLT Results (Figure A)
Maximum Net Load

from BDSLT
Pile # BP4
Test Report
Theoretical Elastic Compression in BDSLT

Based on Pattern of Development Side Shear Stress
#BDSLT = ###1 + ###2

#BDSLT = ###1 + ###2
Pile # BP4
Test Report
Theoretical Elastic Compression in Top Loaded Test

Based on Pattern of Development Side Shear Stress
Component loads Q selected at the same () DBDSLT.
Pile # BP4
Test Report
Example Calculation for the Additional Elastic Compression Correction for

Single Level Test (English Units)
Given:
C1 = 0.441
AE = 3820000 kips (assumed constant throughout test)
#0= 5.9 ft
#1= 48.2 ft (embedded length of shaft above hydraulic jack)
#2= 0.0 ft
#3= 0.0 ft
Shear reduction factor = 1.00 (cohesive soil)
.
DDDD
BDSLT
(mm)
Q#A
(MN)
Q#B
(MN)
Q#B
(MN)
P
(MN)
d
dddd
TLT
(mm)
d
dddd
BDSLT
(mm)
.
DDDD
BDSLT +
.
DDDD
d
dddd
(mm)
0.000 0 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.100 352 706 1058 0.133 0.047 0.086 0.186
0.200 635 1445 2080 0.257 0.096 0.160 0.360
0.300 867 1858 2725 0.339 0.124 0.215 0.515
0.400 1061 2088 3149 0.396 0.139 0.256 0.656
0.600 1367 2382 3749 0.478 0.159 0.319 0.919
0.800 1597 2563 4160 0.536 0.171 0.365 1.165
1.000 1777 2685 4462 0.579 0.179 0.400 1.400
1.200 1921 2773 4694 0.613 0.185 0.427 1.627
1.500 2091 2867 4958 0.651 0.191 0.460 1.960
1.800 2221 2933 5155 0.680 0.196 0.484 2.284
2.100 2325 2983 5308 0.703 0.199 0.504 2.604
2.500 2434 3032 5466 0.726 0.202 0.524 3.024
Pile # BP4
Test Report

Single Level Test (SI Units)
Given:
C1 = 0.441
AE = 17000 MN (assumed constant throughout test)
#0= 1.80 m
#1= 14.69 m (embedded length of shaft above hydraulic jack)
#2= 0.00 m
#3= 0.00 m
Shear reduction facto = 1.00 (cohesive soil)
.
DDDD
BDSLT
(mm)
Q#A
(MN)
Q#B
(MN)
Q#B
(MN)
P
(MN)
d
dddd
TLT
(mm)
d
dddd
BDSLT
(mm)
.
DDDD
BDSLT +
.
DDDD
d
dddd
(mm)
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2.54 1.57 3.14 4.71 3.37 1.20 2.17 4.71
5.08 2.82 6.43 9.25 6.52 2.45 4.07 9.15
7.62 3.86 8.27 12.12 8.61 3.15 5.46 13.08
10.16 4.72 9.29 14.01 10.05 3.54 6.51 16.67
15.24 6.08 10.60 16.68 12.14 4.04 8.10 23.34
20.32 7.11 11.40 18.50 13.60 4.34 9.26 29.58
25.40 7.90 11.94 19.85 14.70 4.55 10.15 35.55
30.48 8.55 12.33 20.88 15.55 4.70 10.85 41.33
38.10 9.30 12.75 22.05 16.53 4.86 11.67 49.77
45.72 9.88 13.05 22.93 17.27 4.97 12.29 58.01
53.34 10.34 13.27 23.61 17.84 5.06 12.79 66.13
63.50 10.83 13.48 24.31 18.44 5.14 13.30 76.80
Pile # BP4
Test Report

Multi Level Test (English Units)
Given: C1 = 0.441
C2 = 0.579
C3 = 0.396
AE = 3820000 kips (assumed constant throughout test)
#0= 5.9 ft
#1= 30.0 ft (embedded length of shaft above mid-jack)
#2= 18.2 ft (embedded length of shaft between hydraulic jack)
#3= 0.0 ft
.
DDDD
BDSLT
(mm)
Q#A
(MN)
Q#B
(MN)
Q#B
(MN)
P
(MN)
d
dddd
TLT
(mm)
d
dddd
BDSLT
(mm)
.
DDDD
d
dddd
(mm)
.
DDDD
BDSLT +
.
DDDD
d
dddd
(mm)
0.000 0 0 0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0.100 352 247 459 1058 0.133 0.025 0.107 0.207
0.200 635 506 939 2080 0.257 0.052 0.205 0.405
0.300 867 650 1208 2725 0.339 0.067 0.272 0.572
0.400 1061 731 1357 3149 0.396 0.075 0.321 0.721
0.600 1367 834 1548 3749 0.478 0.085 0.393 0.993
0.800 1597 897 1666 4160 0.536 0.092 0.444 1.244
1.000 1777 940 1745 4462 0.579 0.096 0.483 1.483
1.200 1921 971 1802 4694 0.613 0.099 0.513 1.713
1.500 2091 1003 1864 4958 0.651 0.103 0.548 2.048
1.800 2221 1027 1907 5155 0.680 0.105 0.575 2.375
2.100 2325 1044 1939 5308 0.703 0.107 0.596 2.696
2.500 2434 1061 1971 5466 0.726 0.109 0.618 3.118
Pile # BP4
Test Report

Multi Level Test (SI Units)
Given:
C1 = 0.441
C2 = 0.579
C3 = 0.396
AE = 17000 MN (assumed constant throughout test)
#0= 1.80 m
#1= 9.14 m (embedded length of shaft above mid-jack)
#2= 5.55 m (embedded length of shaft between hydraulic jack)
#3= 0.00 m
.
DDDD
BDSLT
(mm)
Q#A
(MN)
Q#B
(MN)
Q#B
(MN)
P
(MN)
d
dddd
TLT
(mm)
d
dddd
BDSLT
(mm)
.
DDDD
d
dddd
(mm)
.
DDDD
BDSLT +
.
DDDD
d
dddd
(mm)
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2.54 1.57 1.10 2.04 4.71 3.37 0.64 2.73 5.27
5.08 2.82 2.25 4.18 9.25 6.52 1.31 5.21 10.29
7.62 3.86 2.89 5.37 12.12 8.61 1.69 6.92 14.54
10.16 4.72 3.25 6.04 14.01 10.05 1.90 8.15 18.31
15.24 6.08 3.71 6.89 16.68 12.14 2.17 9.97 25.21
20.32 7.11 3.99 7.41 18.50 13.60 2.33 11.27 31.59
25.40 7.90 4.18 7.76 19.85 14.70 2.44 12.26 37.66
30.48 8.55 4.32 8.02 20.88 15.55 2.52 13.03 43.51
38.10 9.30 4.46 8.29 22.05 16.53 2.61 13.92 52.02
45.72 9.88 4.57 8.48 22.93 17.27 2.67 14.60 60.32
53.34 10.34 4.64 8.62 23.61 17.84 2.71 15.13 68.47
63.50 10.83 4.72 8.76 24.31 18.44 2.76 15.68 79.18
Pile # BP4
Test Report
CALCULATION SHEET FOR EQUIVALENT TOP LOADED CURVE
Pile diameter 1,500

Friction Centroid Factor (C1) 0.30
Length above GL, #0 0
Length above Jack A below COL,
l
( #1 + #2) 25,513
Length above water level 0
Height of water level above Jack A 25,513
Cross Sectional Area of Pile (A) 1.77E+06
Elastic Modulus of Concrete (E) 3.1
Density Concrete (#) 2.45
Weight of Concrete above Jack A (W' #0 +
l
) 65.4
Pile Length Above Jack A ( #0 + #) 25,513
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm2
tonnes/mm2
tonnes/m3
tonnes
mm
#BDSLT
(mm)
Q#A (tonnes) Q#A' (tonnes) Q#A (tonnes)
Q#A '
(tonnes)
Equivalent
Load
(P single)
(tonnes)
#
.
#0 (mm)
#
.
#1+ #2
(mm)
#TLT
(mm)
#BDSLT
(mm)
#
(mm)
#BDSLT + #
(mm)
0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
-5.00 163 97 295 295 392 0.00 1.41 1.41 0.41 1.00 -6.00
-10.00 175 110 400 400 510 0.00 1.81 1.81 0.56 1.26 -11.26
-15.00 185 120 485 485 605 0.00 2.14 2.14 0.68 1.46 -16.46
-20.00 195 130 555 555 685 0.00 2.41 2.41 0.78 1.64 -21.64
-25.00 205 140 615 615 755 0.00 2.65 2.65 0.86 1.80 -26.80
Pile # BP4
Test Report
APPENDIX C
Calibration Certificates
Proposed Dr. Ir. Soekarno Bridge at Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia Page C-0
Pile # BP4

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BIDIRECTIONAL STATIC LOAD TEST

Pile No. BP4 (1,500 mm )

P.T. HUTAMA KARYA (Persero)

SOIL DYNAMICS (MALAYSIA) SDN. BHD.

19, Jalan TPP 1/10

2. TEST PILE AND INSTRUMENTATION

2. TEST PILE AND INSTRUMENTATION DETAILS

Working Load: 750 tonnes

3. BORED PILE CONSTRUCTION

4. LOAD TEST PROCEDURE

5.2 LOAD-MOVEMENT BEHAVIOUR

The equivalent top-loaded load movement curves (CHART 2) as constructed

Pile No. BP4

Cell Top Cell Bottom

Proposed Dr. Ir. Soekarno Bridge at Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Bidirectional Static Load Test on Pile No. BP4

Tested on 12th September 2008

Proposed Dr. Ir. Soekarno Bridge at Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Proposed Dr. Ir. Soekarno Bridge at Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Proposed Dr. Ir. Soekarno Bridge at Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

CONSTRUCTION OF THE EQUIVALENT TOP-LOADED LOAD-SETTLEMENT

BIDIRECTIONAL STATIC LOAD TEST (BDSLT)

The analysis p.8 provides an example of calculated results in English units on a

Ogura, H. et al., 1995, Application of Pile Toe Load Test to Cast-in-place

Example of the Construction of an Equivalent Top-Loaded Settlement Curve (Figure B)

From BDSLT Results (Figure A)

Maximum Net Load

Theoretical Elastic Compression in BDSLT

#BDSLT = ###1 + ###2

Theoretical Elastic Compression in Top Loaded Test

Component loads Q selected at the same () DBDSLT.

Example Calculation for the Additional Elastic Compression Correction for

Shear reduction factor = 1.00 (cohesive soil)

Example Calculation for the Additional Elastic Compression Correction for

Shear reduction facto = 1.00 (cohesive soil)

Example Calculation for the Additional Elastic Compression Correction for

AE = 3820000 kips (assumed constant throughout test)

#1= 30.0 ft (embedded length of shaft above mid-jack)

#2= 18.2 ft (embedded length of shaft between hydraulic jack)

Shear reduction factor = 1.00 (cohesive soil)

Example Calculation for the Additional Elastic Compression Correction for

Shear reduction factor = 1.00 (cohesive soil)

CALCULATION SHEET FOR EQUIVALENT TOP LOADED CURVE

Pile diameter 1,500

Proposed Dr. Ir. Soekarno Bridge at Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

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