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Objective:
1. To separate the compounds using chromatographic techniques
2. To test the purify of compounds separated using thin layer chromatography
Introduction:
Chromatography is an analytical technique that are commonly used in separating the mixture of
chemical substances into its individual components. There are many types of chromatography
such as liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, column chromatography, thin layer
chromatography etc.
The term chromatography comes from Greek which kromatos=colour and graphos=written.
Basically chromatography means writing in colour. Mikhail Tswett was the one who discovered
this technique in 1906.
Results:
Total distance of solvent travelled from bottom line in TLC plate = 7.3cm
distance travelled of the substances from the bottom line
Retardation factor, Rf = total distance of solvent travelled from bottom line in TLC plate
A 5.7 0.78
C 3.3 0.45
Pyrene m-nitroaniline
Structure of pyrene shows the delocalized electron in the aromatic ring due to the lower polarity.
The pyrene was stable as the delocalizing electrons are evenly distributed. In addition, pyrene
does not have substituent. M-nitroniline have more substituent that gives more polarity. N and O
atoms are highly electronegative which tends to withdraw the electron from the benzene ring
towards the atoms. In conclusion, the structure of m-nitroaniline induces the polar property of the
compound and hence the polar of m-nitroaniline is higher than pyrene.
In thin layer chromatography, three samples were collected from the experiment. Two levels
were spotted on the TLC plate. Sample A contained pyrene while sample B contained both
pyrene and m-nitroaniline. Sample C contained m-nitroaniline only. By calculating the Rf value
on thin layer chromatography plate, we can conclude that higher polarity gave lower Rf value.
References:
1. Frederick George Mann, Bernard Charles Saunders, Practical Organic Chemistry. 1960
2. The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds by Ralph L Shriner 8th edition.
3. http://www.chemguide.co.uk/analysis/chromatography/column.html
4. http://orgchem.colorado.edu/Technique/Procedures/Columnchrom/Columnchrom.html