A boiler drain valve is intended for emptying and filling heating systems.

Regulus automatic air vents in brass are designed to vent air from heating systems.

Why air vent should be closed maintaining 2kg/cm^2 drum level pressure at starting of boiler
operation?
Air vents are provided on the boiler drum to evacuate the air and dissolved gases from the drum.
During the boiler start up, the saturated steam will accumulate in the boiler drum and its pressure
will start rising.The air and dissolved gases will be released through air vent. As the steam pressure
reaches 2 kg/cm2 (above atmospheric pressure 1.03 kg/cm2), we can ensure that the air has been
evacuated from the drum. therefore the air vent is closed to prevent the further loss of saturated
steam.

Air vent valve is very necessary and comes under one of the boiler mounting.

These are fitted to the upper partsof the boiler as required to release air from drums and
headers,either when filling the boiler or raising steam.

Air vent valve also plays a significant role in preventing the boiler to collapse while draining the
boiler.it prevnts the vacuum to be developed during draining .However it is to be kept in mind that
vent valve is opened only when the boiler is cooled.

What is Priming In Boiler?

Priming is the process in which contamination in water droplets leave the boiler with the steam
during heating.
Priming can either be caused by mechanical factors such as:

Construction of the boiler

High water level
Operating the industrial boiler steam pressure below its designed level or
By chemical factors such as high level of contaminants in the water
Solids and oil in water and alkalinity

Priming results in formation of deposits in the valves whose effects include; overheating and
corrosion due to deposits on super heaters affecting heat transfer resulting to decrease product
quality, increase in steam consumption.The life of the boiler operator may be in danger.
However priming in industrial boiler can be prevented by;avoiding high water levels, maintaining
low level solid concentration and using chemical anti priming agents which prevents priming of
water droplets to the steam . Like open CBD...

NOTE
Superheater are used to increase the temperature of steam above sat. Temperature.They are of
vertical type,placed in 2nd pass of boiler and mode of heat transfer is convection.

Platen superheater are also type of superheater which is of vertical type,placed in 1st pass of boiler
and mode of heat transfer is radiation.

Latent superheater are nothing but the water wall tubes in which Water takes latent heat..
DRAINS in TURBINE

Drains play an important role in any system charged with steam . This is basically provided to drain
out the condensate before charging steam in a pipeline & subsequently allows sufficient flow in the
line for initial warm up . Also this allows to drain the condensate during cooling of any pipeline
.Normally the big headers like MS /CRH / HRH are provided with drain pots where the condensate
is expected to collect & subsequently they are drained by operation of these drain valves . To avoid
human interventions some of the drains depending on their location & importance severity they are
interlocked with certain logics or instruments like level switches & so on . If the condensate is not
properly drained & steam is charged into a line , then it will lead to severe hammering in the line
causing major damages & sometime forced outage of the units due to failure of the support system .
Hence due care is to be taken while operating these drains . Each Motor Operated drain is provided
with a manual isolating valve for isolation of the drain valve depending on requirement . But in case
of MAW 11 drain valve no isolation valve is provided . However a bypass line with 6-10 mm orifice
is provided for continuous bleeding .Some systems are provided with orifice operated continuous
drains for continuous bleeding of steam /condensate .At some places drains are provided with steam
drain traps which should always be kept in service.