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I. INTRODUCTION
A pipe elbow anchored at the ends and subjected to internal
pressure is analysed in this paper. The internal pressure in the
pipe elbow tends to straighten the elbow and when the elbow
is constrained, the constraints or supports experience forces
and moments depending on the magnitude of the internal
pressure, bend radius and diameter of the pipe elbow. To
determine the net force, the profile of the internal surface of
the elbow subjected to the pressure thrust has to be defined. In
section II of the paper, the profile of the inside surface of the Fig-1: Profile Generation
pipe elbow and the force acting on an infinitesimal element OO is the pole to which the circle of radius R2 is attached.
are determined. In section III, the differential equations of The entire internal surface of the pipe elbow can be generated
equilibrium are formulated considering the external forces by varying from 0 to 2 and varying from 0 to /2.
due to the pressure thrust and the internal forces tangential
shear, normal force and the moment at any section located at B. Computation of thrust force on infinitesimal area
an angle from the X axis. The system of linear differential A small area subscribed by infinitesimal angular rotations
equations is solved to obtain the tangential, normal forces and of d and d is acted on by the pressure normal to the
moment at a section . By applying appropriate boundary surface. Pressure acting on the elbow is constant, but the area
conditions, the anchor forces acting on the pipe elbow are vector changes depending on the and values. The
found out. infinitesimal area vector and the infinitesimal force acting on
the area are derived based on the geometry as shown below.
II. PROFILE GENERATION
OR X i Y j Z k
A. Surface Development
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ISSN: 2277-3754
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International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT)
Volume 2, Issue 7, January 2013
When the pole along with circle is rotated by an infinitesimal 2
( PR2 Cos 2 Sin PR1R2 Cos Sin )d
2
angle d, the surface generated by the arc, dA is given by Fy d
equation (5). 0
2 2
dA R2 d ( R2 Cos R1 ) d PR2 Sind Cos 2d PR1R2 Sind Cosd
2
( R2 Cos R1 R2 ) d d
2 0 0
(5)
PR2 Sind
2
Equation (4) and equation (5) give the direction and the (10)
magnitude of the infinitesimal area vector respectively. The
B. Free Body Diagram of elbow element Effective load
magnitude of the force acting on the infinitesimal area is just acting on the Fragment Development
the product of the pressure with the area magnitude vector
The figure below shows an element subscribed by an angle
given in equation (5).
d. The internal forces and moments acting on the cut
dF ( PR2 Cos PR1 R2 ) d d
2
sections are shown in the figure 2. VN, VT and M denote the
The direction of the infinitesimal force is along the normal force, tangential shear and the moment acting at any
direction and the component forces are given by equations section with angle from the X axis. The forces and moments
from (6) to (8). acting on the element at section and section +d are
dFX ( PR 2 Cos 2 Cos PR1 R 2 Cos Cos )dd shown. Along with these internal forces, the net pressure
2
forces given by equation (9) and (10) also act and with all the
(6) forces and moments, the elbow is in static equilibrium. The
differential equations of equilibrium are derived in the next
dF y ( PR 2 Cos 2 Sin PR1 R 2 CosSin )dd
2
three sub sections.
(7)
dFZ ( PR 2 Cos Sin PR1 R 2 Sin )
2
(8)
315
ISSN: 2277-3754
ISO 9001:2008 Certified
International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT)
Volume 2, Issue 7, January 2013
VN dVN sin( d ) VT dVT Cos( d ) Fy By symmetry, the end moments at the anchor support can be
VT cos FX VN Sin 2
obtained as M = 0.8966 PR 2 Nm.
VN dVN sin cos d E
(VT dVT )(Cos Sin d ) Fy VT Cos VN Sin III. CONCLUSION
VN Cosd dVN Sin VT Sin d dVT Cos Fy 0 In this paper the anchor forces acting on a pipe elbow
anchored at both the ends are estimated. The pressure thrust
dVT dVN
tan VT tan PR2 tan VN
2
12
d d acting on the elbow tries to open up the elbow and hence
. Moment Equilibrium equations forces are developed if the ends are restrained. The
Sum of all the moments acting on the element is zero. Moment differential equations of equilibrium for a fragment element
due to tangential forces is zero. are formulated and the system of linear differential equations
FY dx FX dy is solved using appropriate boundary conditions to obtain the
M VT R1 d M dM reaction forces and moments at the anchor supports. Also the
2 2
dx dy distribution of the tangential shear, normal force and moment
VT R1 d dM PR 2 Sin d PR 22 Cosd
2
316
ISSN: 2277-3754
ISO 9001:2008 Certified
International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT)
Volume 2, Issue 7, January 2013
Vemagiri Power Plant - Andhra Pradesh, Sagardighi Power
plant-West Bengal, Delhi water supply project Phase I and II,
GIDC Effluent Water Transmission design, Jaipur-Bisalpur
Water Supply Project, Dhanbad Water Supply Project, Vellore
Water Supply Project, Bankura Water Supply project and
Sahibganj water supply project.
PUBLICATIONS
Technical Paper
PERSONAL DETAILS
Date of Birth: 15th January 1978
Languages Known: English, Tamil, and Hindi
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