Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
The Joint
Th J i Workshop
W k h off AAsia
i RResource Ci
Circulation
l i PPolicy
li
Research and ERIA 3R Policy Working Group
7-8 October 2010, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur
Introduction
y Standards existed since the
beginning of recorded history.
y Standards were an outgrowth of
man s desire to harmonize his
activities with important changes
in the environment
environment.
y Created in response to the needs
of an increasingly complex society.
Introduction
y Early example of standard -
creation of calendar.
y 5,000
5 000 years ago th
the Sumerians
S i in
i
the Tigris/Euphrates valley
d i d a calendar
devised l d very similar
i il tto
the one we use today.
y The Egyptians were the first to
develop the 365-day calendar and
can be credited with logging 4236
BC as the first yyear in recorded
history.
Introduction
y Modern day standard being established during
World War 2 by British.
y During the War there were quality problems in
many British high-tech industries such as
munitions, where bombs were going off in
factories.
factories
y The solution was to require factories to
document their manufacturing procedures and
to prove by record-keeping that the
procedures were being followed.
y The name of the standard was BS 5750,
5750 and it
was known as a management standard because it
did not specify what to manufacture, but how
to manage the manufacturing process.
Role of standards for industry
y Important in international trade because
incongruent standards can be barriers to
trade, giving some organizations advantages
i certain
in t i areas off the
th world.
ld
y SStandards
d d facilitate
f ili trade
d through
h h enhanced
h d
product quality and reliability, greater
inter-operability
inter operability and compatibility, greater
ease of maintenance and reduced costs
SS Number Title
SS EN 15167 - 1 : Ground granulated blast furnace slag for use in concrete, mortar and grout - Definitions,
2008 specifications and conformity criteria
SS EN 15167 - 2 : Ground granulated blast furnace slag for use in concrete, mortar and grout - Conformity
2008 evaluation
SS 397 - 21 : 1997 Methods of testing cement - Determination of the chloride, carbon dioxide and alkali content of
cement
ISO 15270 : 2008 Plastics -- Guidelines for the recovery and recycling of plastics waste
Vietnam Standard (TCVN) for Recycling
TCVN N
Number
b Titl
Title