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5. Define Nyquist rate. Compute Nyquist rate of the signal x(t) = A BTL 1 Remembering
sin(250t)+B sin(500t)
9. Inspect the system y (n) = ln [x (n)] is linear and time invariant? BTL 4 Analyzing
10. Estimate the Z transform of x(n) = 5nu(n) BTL 6 Creating
13. Experiment whether the system y (n) = ex (n) is linear BTL 3 Applying
14. Classify the discrete time systems BTL 2 Understanding
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correlation? What are it types?
Z-5 X(Z)
20. Identify the autocorrelation of the sequence x(n) = {1, 1, -2, -2} BTL 3 Applying
X(Z) = if
(1)ROC: |Z| > 1, (2) ROC: |Z| < 0.5, (3) ROC: 0.5 < |Z| <1
(ii) Outline the expressions to relate Z transfer and DFT BTL 2 Understanding
3. (i)Determine the transfer function, and impulse response of the BTL 5 Evaluating
system
5. (i) Suppose a LTI system with input x(n ) and output y(n ) is BTL 5 Evaluating
characterized by its unit sample response h(n ) = (0.8)nu(n ).
Find the response y(n ) of such a system to the input signa
lx(n ) = u(n ).
(ii) Determine the impulse response for the cascade of two LTI BTL 5 Evaluating
system having impulse responses
,
using
a. Residue method and
b. Convolution method.
10. 1. Determine the causual signal x(n)for the following Z- BTL 5 Evaluating
transform
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2. Find DFT of the sequence x(n) = {1, 1, -2, -2} BTL 1 Remembering
5. Compare DIT FFT algorithm with DIF FFT algorithm BTL 2 Understanding
14. Explain the relation between DFT and Z-Transform? BTL 2 Understanding
18. Find DFT of sequence x(n) = {1, 1, -2, -2} BTL 1 Remembering
19. What is meant by radix 4 FFT? BTL 1 Remembering
20. Discuss transform pair equation of DCT? BTL 1 Remembering
PART B
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3. Find DFT of the sequence x(n) = { 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0} using radix BTL 1 Remembering
-2 DIF FFT algorithm
4. Solve the eight point DFT of the given sequence x(n) = { , , , BTL 3 Applying
, 0, 0, 0, 0} using radix 2 DIT - DFT algorithm
5. (i) Explain, how linear convolution of two finite sequences are BTL 5 Evaluating
obtained via DFT.
(ii) Compute 8 point DFT of the following sequenceusing radix 2 BTL 5 Evaluating
DIT FFT algorithm x(n) = {1,-1,-1,-1,1,1,1,-1}
6. Illustrate the flow chart for N = 8 using radix-2, DIF algorithm for BTL 2 Understandin
finding DFT coefficients g
7. By means of the DFT and IDFT, determine the response at the FIR BTL 5 Evaluating
filter with the impulse response h(n ) = [1,2,3] and the input
sequencex(n ) = [1,2,2,1].
8. (i) Evaluate the 8-point for the following sequences using DIT-FFT
algorithm
BTL Evaluating
10. (i)Find 8-point DFT for the following sequence using direct method BTL 1 Remembering
{1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0}
2. Illustrate the ideal gain Vs frequency characteristics of: HPF and BTL 2 Understandin
g
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BPF
3. What is meant by warping? BTL 1 Remembering
12. Formulate the transformation equation to convert low pass BTL 6 Creating
filter into band stop filter
14. Why IIR filters do not have linear phase? BTL 1 Remembering
15. Use the backward difference for the derivative and convert the BTL 3 Applying
analog filter to digital filter given H(s)=1/(s2 +16)
16. Formulate the relationship between the analog and digital BTL 6 Creating
frequencies when converting an analog filter using bilinear
transformation
17. Explain the advantage and drawback of bilinear transformation BTL 5 Evaluating
18. Compare the Butterworth and Chebyshev Type-1 filters BTL 3 Applying
PART B
1. Design digital low pass filter using Bilinear transformation, BTL 6 Creating
Given that
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Assume sampling frequency of 100 rad/sec
2. 3. Design FIR filter using impulse invariance technique. BTL 6 Creating
Given that
4. (i) Find the H (z ) corresponding to the impulse invariance design BTL 1 Remembering
using a sample rate of 1/T samples/sec for an analog filter H (s)
specified as follows :
(ii) Design a digital low pass filter using the bilinear transform BTL 6 Creating
to satisfy the following characteristics
(1) Monotonic stop band and pass band
(2) -3 dBcutoff frequency of 0.5 rad
(3) Magnitude down at least -15 dB at 0.75rad.
5. Build an IIR filter using impulse invariance technique for the given BTL 2 Understandin
g
Assume T = 1 sec. Realize this filter using direct form I and direct
form II.
BTL 3 Applying
12. The specification of the desired low pass filter is BTL 6 Creating
1. Compare FIR filters and FIR filters with regard to stability and BTL 4 Analyzing
complexity
2. List out the conditions for the FIR filter to be linear phase BTL 4 Analyzing
3. What is Gibbs phenomenon or Gibbs oscillation? BTL 1 Remembering
4. Give the equations for rectangular window and hamming BTL 2 Understanding
window
5. Give the equations for blackman window and hanning window BTL 2 Understanding
10. Illustrate the Direct form I structure of the FIR filter BTL 3 Applying
11. Discuss the steps involved in FIR filter design BTL 2 Understanding
12. Solve the direct form implementation of the FIR system having BTL 3 Applying
difference equation
y(n) = x(n) 2x(n-1) + 3x(n-2) 10x(n-6)
14. What are the advantages and disadvantages of FIR filter? BTL 1 Remembering
15. What is the reason that FIR filter is always stable? BTL 1 Remembering
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16. Explain the necessary and sufficient condition for linear phase BTL 5 Evaluating
characteristic in FIR filter?
18. What are called symmetric and anti symmetric FIR filters? BTL 1 Remembering
19. Explain the condition for a digital filter to be causal and stable? BTL 5 Evaluating
20. List out the steps involved in designing FIR filter using BTL 1 Remembering
windows
PART B
2. (i) Realize the following FIR system using minimum number of BTL 2 Understandin
multipliers g
1. () = 1 + 21 + 0.52 0.53 0.54
2. () = 1 + 21 + 32 + 43 + 34 + 25
3. Determine the coefficients of a linear phase FIR filter of length M = BTL 4 Analyzing
15 which has a symmetric unit sample response and a frequency
response that satisfies the conditions
4. Develop an ideal high pass filter using hanning window with a BTL 6 Creating
frequency response
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Assume N = 11.
5. Construct a FIR low pass filter having the following BTL 2 Understandin
specifications using Blackman window g
Assume N = 7
6. Design an FIR low pass digital filter using the frequency BTL 1 Rememberin
sampling method for the following specifications g
7. (i) Explain with neat sketches the implementation of FIR filters BTL 4 Analyzing
in direct form and Lattice form
(ii) Construct a digital FIR band pass filter with lower cut off
frequency 2000Hz and upper cut off frequency 3200 Hz using BTL 2 Understandin
Hamming window of length N = 7. Sampling rate is 10000Hz g
8. (i)Determine the frequency response of FIR filter defined by BTL 5 Evaluating
(ii) Discuss the design procedure of FIR filter using frequency BTL 2 Understandin
sampling method g
9. Design an FIR filter using hanning window with the BTL 6 Creating
following specification
Assume N = 5.
10. (i) Explain briefly how the zeros in FIR filter is located. BTL 4 Analyzing
(ii) Using a rectangular window technique, design a low pass
filter with pass band gain of unity cut off frequency of
1000Hz and working at a sampling frequency of 5 kHz. The BTL 6 Creating
length of the impulse response should be 7.
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UNIT V FINITE WORD LENGTH EFFECTS IN DIGITAL FILTERS
Binary fixed point and floating point number representations Comparison Quantization noise truncation and
rounding quantization noise power- input
quantization error- coefficient quantization error limit cycle oscillations-dead bandOverflow error-signal scaling
PART A
11. Compare fixed point and floating point arithmetic? BTL 4 Analyzing
12. Discuss the two types of quantization employed in a digital BTL 2 Understandin
system? g
13. What is rounding and what is the range of rounding? BTL 1 Remembering
14. Will you recommend quantization step size to be small or large BTL 5 Evaluating
16. How are limit cycles are created in a digital system BTL 5 Evaluating
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17. What is meant by block floating point representation? What are its BTL 4 Analysing
advantages?
18. Explain the three-quantization errors to finite word length registers BTL 4 Analyzing
in digital filters?
19. Explain coefficient quantization error? What is its effect? BTL 5 Evaluating
20. Why rounding is preferred to truncation in realizing digital filter? BTL 1 Remembering
PART B
1. (i) Discuss in detail the errors resulting from rounding and BTL 6 Creating
truncation
(ii) Explain the limit cycle oscillations due to product round off and BTL 3 Applying
overflow errors
2. Explain the characteristics of a limit cycle oscillation with respect to BTL 4 Analyzing
the system described by the equation
y(n)=0.85y(n-2)+0.72y(n-1)+x(n)
Determine the dead band of the filter x(n) = (3/4)(n) , b=4
3. BTL 4 Analyzing
(i) Explain the characteristics of limit cycle oscillations with
respect to the system described by the difference equation
y(n)=0.95y(n-1)+x(n). x(n)=0; y(n-1) =13. Determine the dead
band of the system
(ii) Define zero input limit cycle oscillation and Explain BTL 5 Evaluating
4. Compare fixed point and floating point representations. What is BTL 1 Remembering
overflow? Why do they occur?
5. (i)Explain the effects of co-efficient quantization in FIR filters? BTL 5 Evaluating
(ii)Distinguish between fixed point and floating point arithmetic BTL 2
Understandin
g
6. Discuss the following with respect to finite word length effects in BTL 6 Creating
digital filters,
a. Over flow limit cycle oscillation
b. Signal scaling
8. (i) What is called quantization noise? Derive the expression for BTL 1 Remembering
quantization noise power
BTL 1 Remembering
(ii) How to prevent limit cycle oscillations? Explain
9. (i) Compare the truncation and rounding errors using fixed point BTL 2 Understandin
and floating point representation. g
(ii) Show the following numbers in floating point format with five BTL 3 Applying
bits for mantissa and three bits for exponent.
(a)710
(b) 0.2510
(c)-710
(d) -0.2510
10. (i) The output of a 12 bit A/D converter is passed thought a digital BTL 4 Analyzing
filter which is described by the difference equation y(n)= x(n)+
0.2y(n-1). Calculate the steady state output noise power due to A/D
converter quantization
(ii) For the system H(Z) = (1+0.75Z-1 ) / (1- 0.4Z-1) find the scale
factor to prevent overflow BTL 5 Evaluating
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