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ABSTRACT
Impact of rainfall event on the discharge of fine suspended sediment and nutrient in stream water in Kushiro wetland and
its surrounded basin were investigated by field observation on water qualities and runoff analysis based on distributed
hydrological model. Rainfall event has large impact on nutrient transport according to the results of total nitrogen, total
phosphorous, and fine suspended sediment concentration being several to several score times larger in rainfall event than
in ordinary discharge period. The numerical results are in good agreement with observation in terms of river discharge
and suspended solid concentration. The production rate of suspended solid likely depends on land use and topography in
local small basin. According to the observed data and numerical results, modeling of the behavior of fine suspended
sediment with rich nutrient source is likely estimated to reproduce most of nutrient transport with hydrological numerical
simulation. Primary production in lake and wetland is probably related to phosphorus supplying in rainfall event.
Primary production due to eutrophication in lake and reed community likely enriches organic substances and carbon in
stream water.
Keywords: Wetland, nutrient transport; distributed hydrological model; fine suspended sediment
1
4
Table-1 Observation data (*Kitami Institute of Technology,
+Kushiro City, #Hokkaido Regional Development
Bureau)
Date Item
2012/07/17* Particulate: SS
2012/07/25+ Particulate and dissolved
2012/09/26+ substance: T-N, T-P
2012/10/24+ Dissolved substance: NO3-
2013/09/11* N, NO2-N, NH4-N, PO4-P
0 2 4 8 12
2
(a) SS
Figure 3 Comparison of discharge in sampling date
and ordinary discharge. Error bar stands for
standard deviation.
(b) T-N
(a)T-N
(c) T-P
Figures 6 SS, T-N, T-P, and TOC in rainfall event
(b)T-P (1-2 October 2012)
Figures 4 T-N and T-P in ordinary discharge period step, R is rainfall intensity, and h is surface water depth. P
is given by power function of surface water depth.
3
Discharge Discharge
4
Figure 8 Relation between discharge and SS in rainfall event (a) St. 1
5
3) According to the observed data and numerical results,
modeling of the behavior of fine suspended sediment
with rich nutrient source is likely estimated to
reproduce most of nutrient transport with hydrological
numerical simulation.
4) Primary production in lake and wetland is probably
related to phosphorus supplying in rainfall event.
Primary production due to eutrophication in lake and
reed community likely enriches organic substances and
carbon in stream water.
REFERENCES
Figure 12 Maximum C/N and N/P in rainfall event and
ordinary discharge period. Hokkaido Regional Development Bureau, Hokkaido,
Japan. Kushiroshitsugen Mizu-junkan kentou kai,
<http://www.ks.hkd.mlit.go.jp/kasen/kushiro_wetla
nd/>
Tachibana, H., Nakamutra, S., and Nakagawa, R. (2002).
Chemical characteristics of ground water and soil in
Onnenai Area of Kushiro Mire, Zaidan Hojin Maeda
Ippoen zaidan soritsu 20-shunen kinen ronbunshu,
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Figure 13 TOC and C/N in April and July in 2012. macrophytes on water quality and phytoplankton
communities in shallow lakes, Ecological Research, Vol.
Figures 13 shows TOC and C/N in April and July in 2012, 18, pp. 381-395.
where St. 6 and 7 are located at the reed community and Nakayama T. and Watanabe M. (2004). Simulation of
Lake Shirarutoro, respectively. TOCs at the reed drying phenomena associated with vegetation change
community and lake water are relatively higher than other
caused by invasion of alder (Alnus japonica) in
area. Especially TOC and C/N in the lake in July is quite
Kushiro Mire, Water Resources Research, Vol. 40,
high (> 5 mg/L and > 2.8, respectively). Primary
production in lake and wetland is probably related to W08402, doi:10.1029/2004WR003174.
phosphorus supplying in rainfall event. Primary Nakayama T. (2008). Factors controlling vegetation
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community likely enriched organic substances and carbon 215, pp. 225-236.
in stream water. These wetland vegetation and lake water Negishi T. (2003). Gradients controlling vegetation in
may influence properties of nutrient sources, such as C/N Alnus japonica forests in Kushiro mire, Hokkaido,
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5. CONCLUSIONS Biodiversity Center of Japan. Shizen kankyou hozen
kisotyousa, [online], Available at:
In present paper, for quantitative evaluation of nutrient http://vegetation.jp/index.html, [Accessed 13 March,
transport on the vegetation change in Kushiro wetland, 2013].
the impacts of rainfall event on fine suspended sediment
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wetland were investigated by field observations.
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characteristics on the discharge of fine suspended Ishida, T., Nakayama, K., Onishi, K., Natsui, K., Omori, M.,
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1) As a result of field observation, both of T-N and T-P in and its transport, Annual Journal of Hydraulic
rainfall event reached several score times, and SS Engineering, JSCE, Vol. 54, pp. 433-438 (in Japanese).
reached several hundred times in comparison with Yabiki, T. and Nakatsugawa M. (2005). Research on
ordinary discharge period. Therefore, rainfall event pollutant loads of the basins of Tokoro River and
impacts significantly on nutrient transport, and should
Abashiri River characteristics of water pollutant load
be appropriately evaluated.
and land use in the basin, Monthly report of Civil
2) Numerical model can well reproduce the variation of
river discharge and fine suspended sediment. Engineering Research Institute, No. 625, pp. 2-19 (in
According to observed data, the production rate of fine Japanese).
suspended sediment likely depends on local
characteristics such as soil properties, topography, etc.