DRUG STUDY

Name: Mr. Bon Jovi

Admitting Physician: Dr. Elvis Presley
Admitting Diagnosis: Fracture Closed Suprachondylar left

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 DRUG STUDY #1

Generic Name: Classification: Contraindication: Adverse Effects: Nursing Responsibilities:

Cefuroxime
Pharmacologic class:
Third Generation Antibiotic Use cautiously in patients GI: pseudomembranous colitis, If large doses are given,
Cephalosporin Third Generation hypersensitive to penicillin because diarrhea therapy is prolonged, or
Cephalosporin of possibility of cross-sensitivity with Hematologic: eosinophilia, patient is at high risk,
Therapeutic Class: other beta-lactam antibiotics. thrombocytosis, leukopenia monitor patient for signs
Antibiotic Contraindicated in patients Skin: pain, induration, and symptoms of
hypersensitive to drug or other tenderness at injection site, superinfection
cephalosporins. rash. Monitor PT and INR in
Dosage: Mechanism of Action Other: hypersensitivity patients with impaired
500 mg reactions, serum sickness, Vitamin K synthesis or low
Frequency: Inhibits cell-wall synthesis, anaphylaxis. vitamin K stores. Vitamin K
Every 8 hours promoting osmotic instability; therapy may be needed
Route: usually bactericidal. Drug is commonly used in
home antibiotic programs
IVTT for outpatient treatment of
serious infections like COPD
Indication: Dont confuse drug with
Preoperative: other cephalosporins that
Prophylaxis sound alike.
Post-Op:
Bone or Joint Infection

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 DRUG STUDY # 2
Generic Name: Classification: Contraindication:
Ketorolac
Pharmacologic class:
NSAID Non-steroidal Anti- Contraindicated in patients
inflammatory Drug hypersensitive to drug and in those
with active peptic ulcer disease,
Therapeutic Class: recent GI bleeding or perforation,
NSAID advanced renal impairment,
cerebrovascular bleeding,
hemorrhagic diathesis, or incomplete
Dosage: Mechanism of Action hemostasis; and in those at risk for
15 mg renal impairment from volume
Frequency: May inhibit prostaglandin depletion or at risk for bleeding
Every 8 hours for 4 doses synthesis, to produce anti- Contraindicated in children younger
Route: inflammatory, analgesic, and than 2 years of age or patients with
antipyretic effects. allergic reactions to aspirin or other
IVTT NSAIDs
Contraindicated as prophylactic
Indication: analgesic before major surgery or
Short-term management intraoperatively when hemostasis is
of moderately severe, critical; and in patients currently
acute pain for multiple receiving aspirin, an NSAID, or
dose treatment probenecid
Contraindicated for treatment of
perioperative pain in patients
requiring coronary artery bypass
graft surgery
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Adverse Effects:
CNS: Headache, dizziness,
drowsiness, sedation
CV: arrhythmias, edema,
hypertension, palpitations
GI: dyspepsia, GI pain, nausea,
constipation, diarrhea,
flatulence, peptic ulcerations,
stomatitis, vomiting
GU; renal failure
Hematologic: decreased
platelet adhesion, prolonged
bleeding time, purpura
Skin: diaphoresis, pruritus,
rash
Other: pain at injection site
Nursing Responsibilities:
Correct hypovolemia before
administering.
In children age 2 and older,
use a single dose only
Carefully observe patients
with coagulopathies and
those taking anticoagulants.
Drug inhibits platelet
aggregation and can
prolong bleeding time.
Effect disappears 48 hours
after stopping drug.
Dont give drug
concomitantly with other
forms of ketorolac or other
NSAIDs
NSAIDs may mask signs and
symptoms of infection
because of their anti-pyretic
and anti-inflammatory
actions.
 DRUG STUDY # 3

Generic Name: Classification: Contraindication: Adverse Effects: Nursing Responsibilities:

Tramadol
Pharmacologic class:
Synthetic, centrally active Synthetic, centrally active Contraindicated in patients CNS: dizziness, headache, Reassess patients level of
analgesic analgesic hypersensitive to drug or other somnolence, vertigo, seizures, pain at least 30 minutes
Analgesic opioids, in patients with severe renal anxiety, asthenia, CNS after administration
Therapeutic Class: impairment, suicidal patients, and in stimulation, confusion, Monitor CV and respiratory
Analgesic those with acute intoxication from coordination disturbance, status. Withhold dose and
alcohol, hypnotics, centrally acting euphoria, malaise, notify prescriber of
analgesics, opioids, or psychotropic nervousness, sleep disorder respirations are shallow or
Dosage: Mechanism of Action drugs. CV: vasodilation rate is below 12 bpm
20 mg Contraindicated in patients with EENT: visual disturbances Monitor bowel and bladder
Frequency: Unknown. Thought to bind to significant respiratory depression or GI: constipation, nausea, function. Anticipate need
Every 6 hours for 4 doses opioid receptors and inhibit acute or severe bronchial asthma or vomiting, abdominal pain, for stimulant laxative
then PRN for pain reuptake of norepinephrine hypercapnia in unmonitored settings or anorexia, diarrhea, dry mouth For better analgesic effect,
Route: and serotonin. where resuscitative equipment isnt
GU: menopausal symptoms, give drug before onset of
available
proteinuria, urinary frequency, pain
Slow IVTT Use cautiously in patients at risk for
seizures or respiratory depression; in
urine retention. Monitor patients at risk for
patients with increased intracranial Musculoskeletal: hypertonia seizures. Drug may reduce
Indication: Respiratory: respiratory seizure threshold
pressure or head injury, acute
Moderate to moderately abdominal conditions, or renal or depression In case of an overdose,
severe chronic pain hepatic impairment; or in patients with Skin: Diaphoresis, pruritus, naloxone may also increase
physical dependence on opioids. rash risk of seizures
Drug can cause life-threatening Monitor patient for drug
serotonin syndrome dependence similar to that
of codeine and thus has
potential for abuse.

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 Withdrawal symptoms may
occur of drug is stopped
abruptly. Reduce dosage
gradually.

63

Generic Name: Classification:
Acetaminophen
Pharmacologic class:
Paracetamol
Analgesics
Therapeutic Class: Muscle Relaxants
Analgesic, antipyretic
Dosage: Mechanism of Action:
500 mg
Decreases fever by inhibiting
Frequency: the effects of pyrogens on
Every 8 hours, PRN the hypothalamus heat
regulating centers & by a
Route: hypothalamic action leading
to sweating & vasodilatation.
IVTT
Relieves pain by inhibiting
______________________ prostaglandin synthesis at
Indication: the CNS but does not have
Mild Pain or Fever anti-inflammatory action
because of its minimal effect
on peripheral prostaglandin
synthesis.
DRUG STUDY # 4
Contraindication:
Contraindicated in patients
hypersensitive to drug.
Use cautiously with impaired
hepatic function, chronic alcoholism.
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Adverse Effects:
CNS: Headache
CV: Chest pain, dyspnea,
myocardial damage when
doses of 58 g/day are ingested
daily for several weeks or when
doses of 4 g/day are ingested
for 1 yr
GI: Hepatic toxicity and failure,
jaundice
GU: Acute kidney failure, renal
tubular necrosis
Hematologic:
Methemoglobinemia
cyanosis; hemolytic anemia
hematuria, anuria;
neutropenia, leukopenia,
pancytopenia,
thrombocytopenia,
hypoglycemia
Hypersensitivity: Rash, fever
Nursing Responsibilities:
Observe patient for over
toxicity and overdose.
Assess patients fever or pain:
type of pain, location,
intensity, duration,
temperature, and
diaphoresis.
Assess allergic reactions:
rash, urticaria; if these occur,
drug may have to be
discontinued.
Tell patient to notify
prescriber for pain/ fever
lasting for more than 3 days.

Generic Name: Classification:
Acetaminophen
Pharmacologic class:
Paracetamol
Analgesics
Therapeutic Class: Muscle Relaxants
Analgesic, antipyretic
Dosage: Mechanism of Action:
200 mg
Decreases fever by inhibiting
Frequency: the effects of pyrogens on
Every 4 hours, PRN the hypothalamus heat
regulating centers & by a
Route: hypothalamic action leading
to sweating & vasodilatation.
Rectal Suppository
Relieves pain by inhibiting
prostaglandin synthesis at
______________________
Indication: the CNS but does not have
Mild Pain or Fever anti-inflammatory action
because of its minimal effect
on peripheral prostaglandin
synthesis.
DRUG STUDY # 5
Contraindication:
Contraindicated in patients
hypersensitive to drug.
Use cautiously with impaired
hepatic function, chronic alcoholism.
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Adverse Effects:
CNS: Headache
CV: Chest pain, dyspnea,
myocardial damage when
doses of 58 g/day are ingested
daily for several weeks or when
doses of 4 g/day are ingested
for 1 yr
GI: Hepatic toxicity and failure,
jaundice
GU: Acute kidney failure, renal
tubular necrosis
Hematologic:
Methemoglobinemia
cyanosis; hemolytic anemia
hematuria, anuria;
neutropenia, leukopenia,
pancytopenia,
thrombocytopenia,
hypoglycemia
Hypersensitivity: Rash, fever
Nursing Responsibilities:
If suppository is too soft,
refrigerate for 15 minutes or
run under cold water in
wrapper
Observe patient for over
toxicity and overdose.
Assess patients fever or pain:
type of pain, location,
intensity, duration,
temperature, and
diaphoresis.
Assess allergic reactions:
rash, urticaria; if these occur,
drug may have to be
discontinued.
Tell patient to notify
prescriber for pain/ fever
lasting for more than 3 days.
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