PHILOSOPHY -the notion of human life cannot be reduced to a

biological phenomenon.
Socrates
-The unexamined life is not worth living. Jean Paul Sartre
-taught the art of questioning -Everything has been figured out, except how to
live.
Elenchus
-Socratic method SOPHISTS PHILOSOPHERS
-eliciting the truth by question and answer -all truths are relative -truths are universal and
and determined by or objective
Philosophy based on human interest
-eternal quest for truth
-philo = love; Sophia = wisdom Protagoras (Sophist)
-a kind of love that is directed at wisdom -man is the measure of all things

Docta Ignorantia Wise Person Traits:

-true knowing 1. Knowing what one knows and what one does not
-learned ignorance know
-knowing what you know and do not know 2. Having justified true beliefs
3. Knowing things that are valuable in life
Arete 4. Having the ability to put knowledge into practice
-virtue of perfection 5. Knowing what should be done and acting
accordingly
Education
-perfection of the human person Ludwig Wittgenstein
-one sees nature of philosophy as a collection of
Pythagoras theories; the other sees it as an activity
-introduced the term philosopher (lover of
wisdom) Philosophy as an Activity:
1. Dynamic does not stop at certain results
Human life 2. Critical examines and analyzes
-heart and soul of reality 3. Creative formulation of new and better
frameworks
Truth
-real subject matter of philosophy Fr. Michael Moga
-a swirl of distractions (seeming realities)
True Education
-to train the body and soul Philosophical Act
-to truly think
Knowledge -does not merely analyze the meaning of words, but
-educating the human person as one whole is grounded in experience

Aristotle Robert Johann

-All men by nature desire to know. -philosophy must self-consciously place itself in
the context and service of human life
Phronesis
-practical wisdom Fr. Roque Ferriols
-an insight is a kind of seeing with the mind
Eudaimonia
-real happiness Insight
-something that emerges when we thrown in a
Gabriel Marcel situation
 -The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
-distinction between normal and revolutionary
Abstraction science
-process of arriving at an insight -concept of paradigm shift
-analysis of concept
Normal Science
Primary Reflection -when scientists work things out on the basis of
-problem existing norms
-process of deriving clear concepts
-based on observable phenomena Revolutionary Science
-objective in nature -abandonment of previously held beliefs
-the qualities of things are seen
Paradigm Shift
Eduardo Calasanz -fundamental changes in the basic concepts (ex:
-analysis (one takes each of the parts), systematize geocentric vs. heliocentric)
(study their ordering), conceptualize (arrive at some
clear and fixed ideas regarding the thing itself) Phenomenology
-introduced by Edmund Husserl
Secondary Reflection -science of the essence of consciousness
-mystery
-invites us to go deep into ourselves Epoche (Bracketing)
-we gather together the fragments of experience -reduction of our experiences
-realization of the inseparability of the situation and -natural attitude about the world or reality is
the individual suspended
-brings us into an awareness of our very own -to be free from all the distortion of presuppositions
existence and prejudices

Plato Reflection
-Dialogues, The Republic -primary mode of consciousness within reduction
-two realities: WORLD OF FORMS & WORLD
OF OBJECTS Eidetic Reduction
-form is the cause of the essence of a thing -reducing the object to its essence
-forms are changeless, eternal and non-material
essences EAST WEST
-permanence is the basic criterion of reality -grounded in the unity of -based in the perception
-truth belongs to the mind or intellect things and inner of the rational mind
-Man is his soul harmony of nature -reason as the full
-body is the imprisonment of the soul; a distraction -unity in a persons development of truth
in the search for the truth sense of self

Three Elements of the Soul: Lao Tzus Tao Te Ching:

1. Appetitive bodily pleasures Tao
2. Spirited -emotions -nameless; non-being; cause of being; the Way
3. Logical reason
Te
Allegory of the Cave -perfection of personality
-prison is the world of sight, fire is the sun -to make one person virtuous
-basic idea is to truly value human intellect and free -HOW? Follow the Tao
the self from the imprisonment of sensory
perception Confucianism:
Ren
Thomas Kuhn -human-heartedness
 -benevolence (Peimin Ni)
GOLDEN RULE: Do not impose upon others what
you yourself do not want. (Analects)

Buddhism
-enlightenment means absolute freedom from all
empirical thought
-views the self as attached to the physical world
-ultimate freedom can only be achieved once self is
overcome or once it can work through a principle
higher than itself