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Profesor:
Tema:
Unidades de concentracin
rea:
Fsico qumica
Guadalupe Per
PRACTICA N 01: UNIDADES DE CONCENTRACION
I. INTRODUCCION
III. MATERIALES
Agua destilada
NaCl
Sacarosa
Alcohol etlico (96)
Termmetro
Balanza analtica
Hidrmetros (brixmetros, baum. Alcoholmetro)
Materiales de vidrio
2 4
IV. METODOLOGIA
1. RELACIONES PESO/PESO
Al 10 %
400 gr
40
= = 0.1
400
360
= = 0.9
400
, =
360
, = =9
40
MA = peso molecular de A
MB = peso molecular de B
= =
360 40
= = 20 = = 0.11
18 366
= =
20 0.11
= = 0.995 = = 5.47*10-3
20.11 20.11
Molalidad (Mo):
= 1000
0.11
= 1000
360
= 0.306
Al 40 %
400 gr
160
= = 0.4
400
240
= = 0.6
400
, =
240
, = = 1.5
160
Numero de moles (nA, nB):
MA = peso molecular de A
MB = peso molecular de B
= =
240 160
= = 13.3 = = 0.44
18 366
= =
13.3 0.44
= = 0.97 = = 0.03
13.74 13.74
Molalidad (Mo):
= 1000
0.44
= 1000
240
= 1.83
Fraccin % Fracci Humedad Fraccin Lectura
en peso p/p n en base molar Hidrmetro
(g) (g) x hmed seca (mol) (mol) X /2
a 2
( )
H .
Sacarosa 360 40 0.1 10 0.9 9 20 0.12 = 0.99 0.33 0.306
Solucin =5.47
1 *10-3
Sacarosa 240 160 0.4 40 0.6 1.5 13.33 0.47 = 0.97 1.96 1.83
Solucin
2 = 0.03
2. RELACIONES PESO/VOLUMEN
V= 100 ml = 0.1 l
M= 0.1 M
N=0.4 N
Molaridad :
nB
M=
0.1 =
01 = 0.1
NB = 0.01 mol
. MB = nB x Mo
MB = 0.01 x 58.5
MB = o.585 g
0.585
nequi = 0.1
0.585
=
100
= 585 x 10-3
= 0.00585 g / mol
% P/V = x 100
% P/V = 0.585
585 103
ppm = x 100 = x 1000
0.1
T = 20 C = 293 K
Para 0.4 M :
N = 0.4N
V = 0.1 l
0.04 = 58.5 = mB = 2.349 g
N = M( # equi)
0.4 = M (1)
M= 0.4 m
0.4 =
NB = 0.04 mol
Nequi =1
2.34
Nequi = 0.4
2.34
P/ v = 100
%P/V = x 100
%P/V = 2.34
ppm = x 1000
2.34 1000
ppm = 0.1
ppm = 23400
0.082 293 (0,4)
= =
0.1
= 96.104 atm
M N p/v % ()
Solucin (l) (Equiv/ (g/ml) p/v ppm
(g) (ml) (mol/l) l)
(Equiv)
1 NaCl -3
0.585 0.01 0.1 5.85 0.1 0.7 5.85x10 0.585 5850 2.4026
2 NaCl 2.34 0.04 0.1 0.04 0.5 0.4 0.20234 2.34 23400 96.104
c. RELACIONES VOLUMEN/VOLUMEN
Relacin de Volumen/volumen:
Metodologa
3. Volumen de alcohol 95 :
0.96(V1)+(0)(100)=0.5(200)
0.96 (V1)=100
100
V1 =
0.96
V1=104.2 ml Alcohol
V2=95.8 ml agua
V1+ V2= V3
104.2+95.8=200
Y1V1+Y2V2=Y3V3
50 525 475
70 630 370
Volmenes (ml) y fraccin
volumtrica para preparar 200 ml de Lectura Lectura
etanol Hidrmetro Hidrmetro
Etanol (mezcla (mezcla
elaborada elaborada por
Segn tabla Segn disolucin segn tabla) dilucin)
V1 Y1 V2 V1 Y1 V2
x x
50 GL 52,5 0,96 47,5 104,2 0,96 95,8
73,5 0,96 26,5 59,2 0,96 145,8 x x
70 GL