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18 January 2016
14:00 15:00
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BIOL10521
2. To record an answer entirely fill in the relevant letter choice for each question.
If you make a mistake, clearly cross out the old answer and fill in the new
answer.
4. Do not mark the sheet anywhere except as instructed; this may result in
rejection of the sheet from the reader.
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In questions 1-20 select the ONE MOST SUITABLE response from the options
provided.
1. The telomere is
2. In plants, the stage of the sexual life cycle where the cells are haploid is known as
the
A. gametophyte
B. haplotype
C. sporophyte
D. zygote
A. crossing-over
B. genomic imprinting
C. incomplete penetrance
D. variable expressivity
5. A baby has been diagnosed with Turner syndrome. What is the babys karyotype?
A. 45, X
B. 47, XY + 21
C. 47, XXY
D. 47, XYY
6. X chromosome inactivation
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7. When closely related individuals mate with each other, or inbreed, the offspring are
often not as fit as the offspring of two unrelated individuals. Why?
A. Incompletely dominant
B. Multifactorial
C. Phenocopy
D. Pleiotropic
10. Selection that favours the more extreme values for a trait over intermediate
values is called
A. directional
B. dispersive
C. disruptive
D. distributional
A. robust
B. recursive
C. redundant
D. replicative
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BIOL10521
A. by ascent
B. by descent
C. through convergence
D. through divergence
13. The EPAS1 gene controls red blood cell production. It is thought to
14. Evolution by natural selection occurs when the following conditions exist:
A. functional differentiation
B. heterogeneity
C. pseudogenisation
D. random non-selective variation
A. cytoskeletal genes
B. orthologous genes
C. paralogous genes
D. ribosomal genes
17. What are some of the major advantages of Caenorhabditis elegans, as a model
organism?
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18. Isolation of cells or tissues from different parts of an embryo at a given stage of
development, in order to establish a specification map is an example of
A. descriptive embryology
B. epigenetics
C. experimental embryology
D. morphogenesis
END OF SECTION A
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In questions 21-35 select the ONE MOST SUITABLE response from the options
provided.
21. The human genome contains around 3 billion base pairs. Which of the following
statements is true?
A. It includes around 5% protein encoding genes and 85% junk DNA; the
remaining 10% was acquired by introgression with ancient humans
B. It includes around 5% protein-encoding genes which differ by only 90 amino
acids from the Neanderthal sequence; 10% of the genome is from the Alu
transposable element
C. It includes around 10% protein-encoding genes, while 45% of the genome
is composed of remnants of the Alu transposable element
D. It includes functional DNA, traces of retroviruses and bidirectionally
selected bases
A. 0
B. 0.25
C. 0.5
D. 1.0
23. You cross a true breeding wild-type corn plant with a true breeding plant with
variegated seed coat and colourless endosperm. You suspect the genes are
linked, so you cross one of the resulting normal offspring to a true breeding
variegated, colourless plant. In the F2 generation you obtain four phenotypes with
the following numbers of each: Wild-type 350; variegated seed coat 63;
colourless endospem 57; variegated seed coat and colourless endosperm 330.
What is the map distance between the two genes?
A. 0.15 cM
B. 1.5 cM
C. 15 cM
D. 150 cM
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24. A haplotype is
25. Hamiltons rule states that altruism will tend to appear where rb > c. This means
that
26. This figure above summarises potential factors that may have been involved in
the Cambrian Explosion. It suggests
27. In a study of beak length in sparrows, the total phenotypic variance (V p) was 62.7
and the environmental variance (VE) was 10.7. What is the broad-sense
heritability for this trait?
A. 0.17
B. 0.21
C. 0.83
D. 1.00
28. If one wanted to isolate pluripotent embryonic stem cells, which region would you
want to isolate and culture?
A. Region labelled A
B. Region labelled B
C. Region labelled C
D. Region labelled D
A. Region labelled A
B. Region labelled B
C. Region labelled C
D. Region labelled D
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30. Three genes (A, B and C) each with two alleles (A/a, B/b and C/c) determine
height in a plant. The A, B and C alleles contribute 6 cm, 8 cm and 6 cm to height,
respectively. The a, b and c alleles contribute 2 cm, 2 cm and 4 cm, respectively.
All the alleles have additive effects on height of the plant. If the following true-
breeding strains are crossed, AA BB cc x aa bb cc, what is the predicted average
height of the F1 plants?
A. 20 cm
B. 22 cm
C. 24 cm
D. 26 cm
31. This figure represents the experimental flowchart and result of a series of
experiments that were carried out over 40 years ago. What were the conclusions
and who performed the experiments?
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32. In the ascidian embryo, the fate map at the 8-cell stage corresponds to the
specification map at the 8-cell stage. This is an example of
A. epigenetics
B. induction
C. mosaic development
D. regulative development
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34. What is the most likely mode of inheritance for the human disease pedigree
above?
A. Autosomal dominant
B. Autosomal recessive
C. X-linked dominant
D. X-linked recessive
35. A young man with phenylketonuria, who was successfully treated following
diagnosis on newborn screening, is planning to start a family with his healthy,
unaffected, and unrelated partner, who has no family history of phenylketonuria.
Phenylketonuria shows autosomal recessive inheritance with an incidence of 1 in
10,000. Assume that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Which of
the following is correct?
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