Master in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production

Master in
Oil and Gas Exploration and Production
CSFR Mostoles, Madrid. September 2014 - July 2015

Index
Introduction
Basic Overview Block 4
Specialization Block 4
Field Training Block 5
Team Project Block 5
Basic Overview Block 6

Refreshment introductory courses 7
Geology for engineers + math&physics for geoscientist 7
Exploration Principles: Basin Analysis and Petroleum Systems 9
Exploration Principles: Structural Geology 13
Well Logging 16
Drilling Engineering 19
Geophysics 22
Reservoir Geology and Characterization 26
Reservoir Engineering 29
Well Testing 32
Reservoir Simulation 35
Subsurface Production Technology 37
Surface Production Technology 40
Economic Evaluation 44
Risk Analysis 48
Offshore Structures 51
Timetable 53
Specialization Block 55
Petroleum Engineering (PE) 57
Reservoir Evaluation and Management (REM) 57
Petroleum Geosciences (PetGeo) 57
Petroleum Engineering 58
Production Technologies 59
Reservoir Engineering Well Test Analysis 62
Reservoir Simulation 64
Petroleum Economics 66
Reservoir Evaluation and Management 68
Rock Mechanics, Geomechanics and Geophysics 69
Well Testing and Production Logging 71
Modeling and Management 73
Petroleum Geosciences 74
Stratigraphy and Reservoir Quality 75
Petroleum Systems 76
Petroleum Geophysics 77
Geomechanics and Flow Mechanics 78
Specialization Block Timetable 79

Field Training Block 81
Geological Field School 82
Drilling Field School 85
Production Field School 86
REPSOL HSE School 87
Team Project Block 89

Use of real E&P data 90
Objectives 90
Multidisciplinary teams 91
Assessment 91
Technical software 91
Tutorials 91
Tutorials 92
Competencies (Soft Skills) 94
PROJECT Timetable 95
Master in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production
Introduction
This postgraduate program has been designed to train young professionals as their
initial steps towards a career within Repsol in oil and gas exploration and production. It
is aimed at university graduates from geosciences and/or engineering backgrounds, who
recently joined or wish to join Repsol companies active in the E&P field, professionals
from National Oil Companies, International Foundations invited by Repsol to the
program, and personnel from other E&P companies under a cooperation Agreement
with Repsol.
The students should have an excellent basic technical background before joining the
E&P Master at the Centro Superior de Formacion Repsol (CSFR). The education they
receive during this Master Program will help them familiarize with the necessary tools
and acquire key skills that will enable them to carry out their professional E&P activities
in the most efficient way.
Exploration and Production activities have a strong international character, thus the
program in Madrid is fully and exclusively taught in English. CSFR teaching staff is
composed by foreign university teachers and highly qualified petroleum industry
professionals drawn mainly from Repsol. The second quarter of the program called
Specialization Block is taught at Heriot-Watt University (Edinburgh, United Kingdom).
The program lasts eleven months, starting on September 1st, 2014 and finishing on July
31st, 2015. It is structured in four blocks as they are described below:
Basic Overview Block
Its purpose is that the students reach a basic level of knowledge in all areas involved in
Oil and Gas Exploration and Production activities. The methodology used is based on the
following key points:
The block is divided into one week modules, which include basic theoretical
concept.
Real case studies are carried out within each module.
Students performance is evaluated at the end of each module.
This block weighs 35% of the final mark of the Master. There is a required minimum
level of performance at BOB in order to continue on the Master program (please refer to
the Students Handbook).
Specialization Block
Its purpose is to go in depth into specific areas of the disciplines involved in an E&P
project (geology, geophysics and reservoir and petroleum engineering) according to the
students' preferences and their previous academic qualifications. The students will be
integrated into the relevant programs delivered by the Heriot-Watt University in
Edinburgh (United Kingdom). Those who intend to specialize in Engineering (Production
or Reservoir) will enter the MSc. in Petroleum Engineering or the MSc. in Reservoir
Evaluation and Management Specialization. Those who intend to specialize in
Geosciences will join the HWUs students at the MSc in Petroleum Geosciences.
This block will be evaluated in Madrid in examinations supervised by official HWU
invigilators. The average of these examinations weights 35% of the final mark.
CENTRO SUPERIOR DE FORMACION REPSOL 4

Field Training Block
Its purpose is to visualize in the Field most of the concepts learned in the previous
Blocks. It involves three different areas to be covered:
Geology Field School (takes place during the Basic Overview Block).
Drilling Field School.
Production Field School.
HSE Field School and Formal Certifications
Some presentations could be required at the end of each Field School, and the
participation and commitment during these weeks will be considered for approval of the
Master Program.
Team Project Block
Its purpose is to apply the concepts learnt in the previous blocks while working in a
multidisciplinary team on a project with specific objectives and within a prescribed
schedule. The methodology includes:
Access to a database related to a real oil/gas field, which will be taken as a
starting point.
Use the technical advanced software tools as within Repsol E&P.
Tutorial support provided by Repsol experts and external consultants.
Formal presentation of conclusions and results upon project completion to a
Board of Experts composed by Repsol E&P Directors.
The evaluation strategy will be explained further in detail. The final mark for this block
weighs 30% of the final mark for the Master.
Overview
Lecture period September 2014 - July 2015

Instruction begins September 1st 2014
Closing ceremony July 24th 2015
Length 11 months
Academic hours ~1500
Terms and Holidays periods
Period Start date Finish date

Basic Overview Block September 1st 2014 December 19th 2014
Christmas Holidays December 20th 2013 January 8th 2015
HWU Specialization Block January 12th 2015 March 20th 2015
HSE School March 23rd 2015 March 27th 2015
Prod. & Drill Field Schools March 30th 2015 April 10th 2015
HWU Exams at CSFR April 13th 2015 May 8th 2015
HSE Certificates May 11th 2015 May 15th 2015
Final Project May 18th 2015 July 17th 2015
* Schedule by January on subject to be changed based on HWU and Field Schools dates to be confirmed.

Master in Oil and Gas
Exploration and Production
BLOCK I:
BASIC OVERVIEW BLOCK
CSFR Madrid
September to December 2014
Module REFRESHMENT INTRODUCTORY COURSES
BOB 0 GEOLOGY FOR ENGINEERS + MATH&PHYSICS FOR GEOSCIENTIST
Geology for Non Geologists
Lecturer
Dr. Tomas Zapata holds a Ph.D. in Structural Geology from Cornell University USA, after
graduating in Geology at University of Buenos Aires, where he was later Assistant
Professor from 2001-2011. He also has a Business Administration degree from the
Austral University of Argentina. Since 1996, he has conducted Exploration activities on
technical and managerial positions, analyzing several basins throughout Latin America,
focusing his studies on the Andean fold and thrust belt, where he participated on
several oil and deep gas discoveries. He was a Structural Geology specialist for the
Exploration study groups and he has published more than 40 papers on Structural
Geology and Tectonics of the Andes. He is currently the Director of Geology of Repsol
Exploracin, and he manages the geological knowledge providing specific services to
the E&P business units.
1 The Terrestrial Globe

1.1 Size and Composition of the Earth Interior
1.2 Age of the Earth. Geological Time Scale
2 Rock Types
2.1 Igneous
2.2 Sedimentary
2.3 Metamorphic
3 Sedimentary Rocks
3.1Nature and Origin of Sedimentary Rocks (Chemical & Mechanical Weathering, Transport, Deposition and
Diagenesis)
3.2 Sedimentary Environments
3.3 Sedimentary Rock Classification
4 Stratification
4.1 Formations
4.2 Beds
4.3 The Facies Concept
4.4 Sedimentary Breaks & Unconformities
4.5 Transgretion/Regretion/Progradation
4.6 Sediments Dating
5 Structural Geology
5.1 Earth Tectonics
5.2 Faults Normal, Reverse, Listric Faults, Strike Slip, Horst, Graven
5.3 Fold System, Anticlne , syncline
5.4 Diapirsm
Mathematics & Physics for Non Engineers
Lecturer
Dr. Francisco Jose Mustieles joined Repsol Exploracion in 1998, as a Specialist in

numerical simulation within the Reservoir Engineering Department. He received both a
BSc degree (1985) and a PhD degree (1989) in Mining Engineering from ETSIM (UPM).
In 1990, he received a PhD degree in Applied Mathematics from cole Polytechnique
in Paris.
He was a lecturer in the School of Mines (ETSIM) in Madrid. In 1994, he joined the
University Alfonso X el Sabio, in Madrid, where he led the Applied Mathematics
Department.
MATHEMATICS
1 Exponents and Roots
2. Logarithms
3. Analytic Geometry
3.1 Line Equation
3.2 Least Squares Fit to a Straight Line
3.3Graphs (Log-Normal Scale)
4 Functions
4.1 Equation Solving
5 Derivatives
5.1 Definition
5.2 Derivatives
5.3 Properties
6 Partial Differentiation
PHYSICS
1 Physical Units
Distance/Volume/Time/Speed/Acceleration/Volume/Mass/Density/Pressure/Flow
Rate/Viscosity/Power
2 Unit Conversion
3 Energy
4 Fluid Mechanics
4.1 Poiseuille Law
4.2 Pressure losses for an incompressible fluid in a pipeline
4.3 Rheology
5 Gases Behaviour
5.1 Boyles Law
5.2 Charles Law
5.3 Avogadros Law
5.4 Equation of State for an Ideal Gas
5.5 Standard Conditions
5.6 Mole Fraction/ Daltons Law/Amagat Law/Apparent Molecular Weight/Specific
Gravity
Module EXPLORATION PRINCIPLES: BASIN ANALYSIS AND
BOB 1B PETROLEUM SYSTEMS
Lecturers
Mr. Santiago Quesada joined Repsol Exploracion in 1997, and since then he has served
as Advisor Geologist for Geochemistry and Petroleum System Analysis in the
Department of Technology. He holds a BSc. and a Postgraduate Degree in Geology from
the University of the Basque Country (UPV). Mr. Quesada is an exploration geologist
with 15 years of experience in basin analysis and evaluation of play concepts, prospects
and leads; he is a specialist in Geochemistry and Petroleum System Modelling.
Dr. lvaro Racero graduated as Mining Engineer and got his PhD from the Polytechnic
University of Madrid ETSIMM. His professional career started fist as operations
geophysicist for Prakla before joining Shell International E&P in 1986 into the exploration
division with international assignments in Netherland, Venezuela and Brunei. He moved
into Repsol E&P in 2001 for the New Ventures Dpt. Repsol successively promoted him to
Director of Exploration and Development for the Caribbean Region, Director of the North
America Business Unit, both in Houston, and Regional Executive Director for E&P activities
of Repsol in Europe Africa and Asia. In 2010, he was appointed as Repsols Regional
Executive Director for the Caribbean and Northern Latin America and now he is the
Executive Director of Technical Development for Repsol E&P.
He has been a member of the Repsol E&P Directors Committee since 2006
Objectives
To learn and understand the concepts and techniques of Petroleum Systems and Basin
Analysis and their applications to petroleum exploration.
1. Learn the different levels of Petroleum Investigation.
2. Understand the types and dynamics of sedimentary basins.
3. Learn the concepts and applications of petroleum systems.
4. Understand the geological elements and processes that make up a petroleum
system.
5. Become familiar with concepts of geochemistry and their applications to petroleum
exploration.
6. Learn the different computer techniques for petroleum system analysis.
7. Perform a computer-assisted petroleum system exercise with BasinMod to apply the
concepts.
Syllabus
1. Levels of Petroleum Investigation

1.1. Sedimentary Basins, Petroleum Systems, Prospects and Plays
2. Sedimentary Basins.
2.1. Mechanisms of Basin Formation
2.2. Classification of Sedimentary Basins
2.3. The Sedimentary Basin Fill
2.4. Petroleum potential of different sedimentary basins

3. Petroleum Systems
3.1. Definition
3.2. Geographical extension
3.3. Elements and processes
3.4. Timing and Critical Moment
4. Petroleum System Analysis and Modelling
4.1. Modelling Techniques and software
4.2. Backstripping and Forward Modelling
4.3. Modelling Work Flow
a) Geologic Inputs (Geologic Model)
b) Geochemical Inputs (Geochemical Model)
c) Thermal Inputs (Thermal Model)
d) Simulations and Calibration
e) Outputs
5. Geologic Model
5.1. Conceptual Model: Basin Characteristics and Geologic Elements
5.2. Lithostratigraphy and Chronostratigraphy: Unconformities
5.3. Source Rocks
a) Definition, types and quality (richness and source potential)
5.4. Reservoirs
a) Definition, types and properties (geometry, continuity, porosity,
permeability)
5.5. 5.4.- Traps
a) Definition and types (stratigraphic, structural, hydrodynamic etc.)
5.6. Seal
a) Definition, types and properties (seal efficiency, fracture gradient etc)
6. Geochemical Model: Organic Geochemistry of Petroleum and Source Rocks
6.1. Analytical Programs
6.2. Source Rocks
a) Composition: Kerogen and Extract
b) Richness: TOC Analysis
c) Source Potential: Pyrolysis Techniques
d) Organic Matter Type: Kerogen Analysis
e) Thermal Maturity: Vitrinite Reflectance, TAI, Tmax etc.
6.3. Crude Oil and Natural Gas
a) Composition: Hydrocarbon fractions and Non Hydrocarbons
b) Bulk Properties: API, Sulfur Content, Pour Point, Wetness etc.
c) Molecular Composition: GCMS Analysis and Biomarkers
d) Isotopes
e) Correlation studies
7. Thermal Model
7.1. Geothermal Gradient
7.2. Heat Flow: Definition, types and sources
7.3. Thermal Conductivity of rocks
8. Modelling Burial History
8.1. Construction of Chronostratigraphic Charts
8.2. Compaction: Definition and methods
8.3. Integration of porosity data
8.4. Calibration
8.5. Construction and interpretation of Burial History Graphs
9. Modelling Thermal Maturity

9.1. Present day Heat Flow and Heat Flow History
9.2. Integration of Thermal Data and Maturity Indicators
9.3. Calibration
9.4. Interpretation of maturity results
10. Modelling Generation and Expulsion of Hydrocarbons
10.1. Oil and Gas formation and destruction: Primary and Secondary Cracking
10.2. Kinetic equations: Theory and application
10.3. Interpretation of results
11. Review of Migration concepts
11.1. Factors controlling migration
11.2. Migration mechanisms: lateral, vertical
11.3. Migration models and equations
Main Exercises and Tutorials
Exercise 1: Maturity Model.

Exercise 2: Exploration Process, from Play Concept to Discovery.
Program
This course lasts 5 days

Day 1
Levels of Petroleum Investigation
Sedimentary Basins.
Petroleum Systems
Petroleum System Analysis and Modelling
Day 2
Geologic Model
Geochemical Model: Organic Geochemistry of Petroleum and Source Rocks
Thermal Model
Day 3
Modelling Burial History
Exercises
Modelling Thermal Maturity
Basin Mod Exercise begins
Day 4
Modelling Generation and Expulsion of Hydrocarbons
Basin Mod Exercise continue
Day 5
Review of Migration concepts
Discussion of Modelling Results
Summary and Conclusions
Software Applications
BasinMod 1D.

Textbooks and Consulting Books
Elements of Petroleum Geology Richard C. Selley, Academic Press. 1998.

Petroleum Geochemistry and Geology John M. Hunt, W.H. Freeman. 1996.
Applied Subsurface Geological Mapping D. J. Tearpock and R.E. Bischke, Prentice
Hall. 1991.

Module
BOB 1C EXPLORATION PRINCIPLES: STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY
Lecturer
Dr. Alan Chambers has 21 years oil industry experience with Mobil Oil, Union Texas
Petroleum and Repsol Exploracion. Previously, he was awarded his doctorate in
Structural Geology (Imperial College, London) for his research into Himalayan thrust
belt evolution. Dr. Chambers is a specialist in Structural Geology, and has broad
experience in petroleum exploration projects. He is currently assigned to Regional
Exploracion (ME-CIS) in Dubai, UAE.
Objectives
To introduce the basic concepts of structural geology and the hydrocarbon trap.
1. To understand the Theory of Plate Tectonics.
2. To understand the Process of Rock Failure.
3. To understand the factors required to produce the Hydrocarbon Trap.
4. To recognize the main Extensional Trapping Styles.
5. To recognize the main Strike-Slip Trapping Styles.
6. To recognize the Contractional Trapping Styles.
7. To introduce the main Stratigraphic Trapping Styles.
Syllabus
1. The Theory of Plate Tectonics.

1.1. Continental Drift.
1.2. Seafloor Spreading.
1.3. Plate Tectonic Theory and Types of Plate Margin.
1.4. Intra-cratonic Deformation and Crustal Stress.
2. An Introduction to Rock Mechanics and Rock Failure Modes.
2.1. Andersonian Principles.
2.2. Mohr Circles.
2.3. Coulomb-Navier Failure.
2.4. The Effect of Pore Pressure.
2.5. Neotectonics.
3. Contractional Tectonics.
3.1. Thin-skinned Deformation (terminology, detachments, wedge theory, controls,
evaporites).
3.2. Thick-skinned Deformation (basement involvement, pre-existing weaknesses).
3.3. Seismic Expression.
3.4. Field Examples.
4. Strike-Slip Tectonics.
4.1. Basic Terminology.
4.2. Contractional Pop-Ups
4.3. Extensional Pull-Aparts.
5. Extensional Tectonics.

5.1. Rift Basins.
5.2. Subsidence History.
5.3. Fault Growth, Fault Linkage and Fault Seal.
5.4. Rift Inversion.
6. Gravitational Tectonics.
6.1. Rheologically weak layers and salt.
6.2. Linked Extensional-Contractional Systems.
6.3. Delta Systems, confined and unconfined depositional processes.
7. Stratigraphic Traps.
7.1. Stratigraphic Pinch-out.
7.2. Truncation.
7.3. Carbonate Build-Ups and Ramps.
7.4. Diagenetic Trapping Processes.
7.5. Hydrodynamic Trapping Processes.
8. Prospect Mapping.
8.1. Seismic Interpretation of Horizons.
8.2. Seismic Interpretation of Faults.
8.3. Generating a Two-Way-Time Contour Map with Faults.
8.4. Quicklook Volume Estimation.
8.5. An Introduction to Geologic Risk and Prospect Ranking.
Exercises 1-8: Seismic Interpretation of Classic Structural Styles.

Exercise 9: Seismic Interpretation of Multiple 2D Seismic Lines in an Extensional
Setting.
Program
This course lasts 5 days.

Day 1:
Plate Tectonics.
Rock Failure.
Day 2:
Contractional Tectonics & Trapping Geometries.
Day 3:
Strike-Slip Tectonics & Trapping Geometries.
Gravitational Tectonics and Trapping Geometries.
Day 4:
Extensional Tectonics and Trapping Geometries.
Day 5:
Stratigraphic Trapping Geometries.
Module Exam.

Microsoft Office.
Essentials of Geology; 10th edition, by Lutgens & Tarbuck.

Essentials of Geology; 3rd edition, by Marshak.
Earth: An Introduction to Physical Geology; 9th edition, by White.
Thrust Tectonics; by Ken McClay.
Sedimentation and Tectonics in Rift Basins; by Purser & Bosence.

Module
BOB 3 WELL LOGGING
Lecturers
Mr. Stephen Winstanley has more than 26 years experience working in the E&P
industry. He graduated with a B.Sc. Joint Honours in Geography and Geology from
Manchester University, England in 1984. Between 1985 and 1998 he worked as a
Petrophysicist for a number of Consultancys including Scientific Software-Intercomp,
Robertson Research and Ikoda. In 1998 he joined Anadarko Algeria Corporation and
worked rotation out of the Algerian Sahara and was a Senior Petrophysicist responsible
for all exploration, development and cased hole Petrophysical support to a dozen
producing Fields. In 2005 he re-located to Houston with Anadarko Petroleum
Corporation as Petrophysical Advisor working with the Gulf of Mexico Exploration
Team during a phase when several large Miocene and Eocence discoveries were made.
In 2010 he was made Manager of U.S. Onshore Petrophysics and oversaw the
increasing role of Petrophysics in unconventional and non-conventional plays such as
the Marcellus, Bone Springs, Eagleford, Avalon Shale, Wolfcamp and Onshore Louisian
Eocene. In 2011 he joined Repsol USA as Senior Petrophysical Advisor and has worked
with the U.S. Business unit on the Alaska Exploration and Mississippi Lime projects. He
currently works with the North America and Brazil Reservoir Development team and
provides Petrophysical support for projects as diverse as Pao de Azucar and Carioca
(Brazil) reservoir development, offshore Peru exploration and Canada exploration as
well as contributing to the Reservoir Characterization Manual.
Objectives
1. Rock Recognition / Lithology.

2. Rock Properties calculation.
3. Fluids & contacts (OWC, GWC & GOC).
Syllabus
1. Course Outline and Objectives; Nature of a Hydrocarbon Accumulation; Porosity,

Permeability, Wetness and the Matrix Concept; Invasion; Acquisition and Recording
of Wireline Log Data; Nomenclature and Types of Logs.
2. Wireline Open Hole Tools and Services. The Electric Logs and SP and their
Interpretation; The Sonic Log and its Interpretation; The Radioactive Logs and their
Interpretation; Qualitative Interpretation of Logs, Litho logy Determination and Gas
Detection.
3. Quantitative Interpretation: Introduction and Objectives; Shale and Hydrocarbon
Correction; Effective Porosity; Formation Factor; Rw Sw and Sxo Determination;
Estimation of the Depth of Mud Filtrate Invasion; Evaluation of a Clean Sandstone
Reservoir and Carbonate Reservoir.

Exercise 1: Qualitative Interpretation.

Exercise 2: Lithology and Porosity Identification.
Exercise 3: Quantitative Interpretation: Rw, Sw and Sxo Determination.
Exercise 4: Evaluation of a Clastic Gas Bearing Reservoir.
Exercise 5: Evaluation of a Carbonate Reservoir.
Program
Basic Log Interpretation Concepts.

Invasion Profiles.
Resistivity as a Basis for Interpretation: The Archie equation.
Porosity Models.
Acquisition and Recording of Wireline Logs.
Formation Resistivity.
The SP.
Resistivity Tools:
- Laterolog.
- Induction.
- DIL / DLL / MSFL.
- AIT / ARI.
Qualitative exercise.
Nuclear Tools:
- GR / NGT.
- Density / Pef.
- Neutrons.
Sonics.
Cross plots Analysis: Porosity - Lithology.
Rw Determination Methods.
Sw determination.
Gas Corrections - Clean Sands.
Shaly Sand Interpretation.
Vsh Determination.
Quantitative Exercises.
Qualitative Exercises.
Evaluation of a Sand Reservoir.
Evaluation of a Carbonate Reservoir.
Evaluation of a Clastic Gas-bearing Reservoir.
Evaluation Consolidation.

Microsoft Office.
Log Interpretation Principles / Applications. Schlumberger. 1989.

Log Interpretation Charts. Schlumberger. 1998.
Fundamentals of Well Logs Interpretation 1, 2. O. Serra, Elsevier. Amsterdam
1984.
Logging While Drilling. Schlumberger. 1993.

Module
BOB 4 DRILLING ENGINEERING
Lecturer
Dr. John Ford joined the Dept. of Petroleum Engineering in Heriot-Watt University as
Senior Lecturer in June 1998. He received a BSc. Honours degree in Civil Engineering
from University of Newcastle Upon Tyne and a MSc. in Petroleum Engineering degree
and a PhD from Heriot-Watt University. He spent several years employed by Shell
International Petroleum Co. Ltd, as a Drilling Engineer, in Brunei, Tunisia and Holland.
Objectives
This is an introduction to Drilling Engineering. The objectives are to introduce the

concepts and equipment used in drilling; to examine the design requirements and
techniques and to examine the optimization of the drilling activity.
Syllabus
1. Introduction
2. Overview
3. Rig Components
4. Drill String
5. Bits
6. Formation Pressure
7. Hydraulics
8. Well Control
9. Drilling Fluids
10. Casing
11. Cementing
12. Directional Drilling
13. Directional surveying
14. MWD
15. Offshore Drilling
Program
Day 1
Overview of Drilling.
Rig Components.
Bits.
Film: Rotary Rig.
Exercises:
- Bit Selection and Grading.
- Start Drilling program.
- Start Equipment List/Rig Spec.

Day 2
Drilling Fluids, Hydraulics.
Formation Pressures.
Casing Introduction.
Exercises:
- LOT Evaluation.
Drilling Program:
- Select Drilling Fluids.
Day 3
Drilling Program:
- Start Casing Design.
- Start Logistics Program.
- Casing Design (Cont.)
Cementing.
Day 4
Well Control.
- Film: Well Control.
Exercises:
- LOT Evaluation.
- Drilling Program.
- Casing Design/Program.
- Cementing Design.
Tutorials: Drilling Office.
Well Control.
Day 5
Directional Drilling and Surveying.
- Film: Directional Drilling.
Well Control, Directional Design, Survey.
Evaluation Exercises.
Bit Selection and Grading

Drilling Program (Drilling fluids and casing design)
Rig Specifications
LOT Evaluation
Casing Program
Cementing Program
Well Control
Directional well design and surveying

Drilling Data Handbook, Ed. Technip - IFP. Halliburton Table.

Field Data Handbook. Dowell Schlumberger.
IADC Drilling Manual.
Petroleo Moderno: Un manual bsico para la Industria. Bill D. Berger, January
1999. PennWell Publishing Co. ISBN 0-87814-755-1.
Fundamentals of Casing Design. H. Rabia. ISBN 0-86010-863-5.
Kicks and Blowout Control. Adams and Kuhlman. ISBN-87814-419-6.

Module
BOB 5 GEOPHYSICS
Lecturer
Mr. Cristi Constantin Lupascu joined Repsol in 2009 as a Senior Geophysical Advisor for
Subsurface Imaging - Geophysical Technology Group in Houston. His current
assignment is Head of Repsol Data Processing Center - Geophysics Upstream in Madrid.
He holds a Master Degree in Geophysics from the University of Bucharest and he has
started his career 25 years ago in Romania, with Geomold SA Geological and
Geophysical Exploration. As part of a 3DGeo Development Houston team, he was the
recipient of 2007 Hart's E&P Special Meritorious Award for Engineering Innovation for
Imaging Ultra Deep Structures using Wave Equation Migration and Illumination. His
last assignment before joining Repsol was with Fusion Petroleum, Houston USA, as
Seismic Imaging and Operations Manager.
Objectives
1. Become acquainted with the main geophysical methods used in exploration, their
applications and their limitations.
2. Understand the basic concepts of seismic wave propagation, reflection, diffraction
and refraction.
3. Understand in broad terms how 3D-seismic land and marine data are acquired.
4. Understand in broad terms how seismic data is processed.
5. Understand how seismic data can be linked to geology by using well data.
6. Learn how seismic data can be converted from time to depth.
7. Get to know how 2D-seismic data is interpreted and how horizon maps are made.
8. Learn how 3D-seismic data is interpreted. How horizon maps are made, the principle
of attribute extraction.
Syllabus
1. Introduction to Geophysics.
1.1. The Objective.
1.2. The Limitations.
1.3. Inversion of Data.
1.4. The Importance of Different Survey Methods.
1.5. The Gravity Method.
1.6. The Magnetic Method.
1.7. The Basic Seismic System.
1.8. The Seismic Objective.
1.9. The Role of Seismology in Hydrocarbon Exploration.
2. Seismic Waves.
2.1. Reflections.
2.2. Diffractions.
2.3. Refractions.
2.4. Ground-Roll.
2.5. Multiples.
2.6. Reflection Coefficient.
3. Data Acquisition.

3.1. Seismic Sources.
3.2. Seismic Receivers.
3.3. Seismic Spreads.
3.4. Key Parameters in 3D-Seismic Acquisition.
3.5. Logistics of Land Acquisition.
3.6. Logistics of Marine Acquisition.
3.7. Acquisition Time.
3.8. Acquisition Cost.
4. Data Processing
4.1. Processing Objective.
4.2. Main Processing Steps.
4.3. Interpretive Elements in Seismic Processing.
4.4. Processing Time.
4.5. Processing Cost.
5. The Link between Seismic and Well Information.
5.1. Overview Well Calibration.
5.2. Well Shooting.
5.3. Sonic and Density Logs.
5.4. Synthetic Seismograms.
5.5. Problems and Pitfalls in Seismic Calibration with Well Data.
6. Time to Depth Conversion.
6.1. Overview Depth Conversion.
6.2. Velocity Information.
6.3. Depth Conversion Methods.
6.4. Limitations of the Various Methods.
6.5. Strong Lateral Velocity Variations.
6.6. Problems and Pitfalls in Depth Conversion.
7. 2D and 3D Seismic Interpretation
7.1. The Seismic Interpretation Objective.
7.2. Identification and Interpretation of Geologic Horizons.
7.3. How to Create a Horizon Map.
7.4. Fault Interpretation in 2D and 3D.
7.5. Problems and Limitations of 2D Seismic Interpretation.
7.6. 3D Seismic Interpretation.
8. Seismic Attributes.
8.1. The Meaning of Seismic Attributes.
8.2. Different type and use of Seismic Attributes.
8.3. Lithology and fluid Reservoir Analysis.
8.4. Shallow Hazards.
8.5. Pore Pressure Prediction.
8.6. Fractures and Anisotropy.
8.7. Cases Histories examples.
Various simple exercises.

Well calibration.
Depth conversion.
Seismic Modelling.

Program

Day 1:
Introduction to the course module.
Introduction to Geophysics.
Seismic Waves & Ray Theory.
Exercises.
Day 2:
Data acquisition (with video).
Sampling Theory.
Filtering Theory.
Seismic Data Acquisition.
Seismic Data Processing.
Exercises.
Day 3:
Seismic Data Processing (cont.)
VSP seismic.
Sonic and density logs.
Synthetic Seismograms.
Exercises.
Day 4:
Structural Interpretation.
Stratigraphic Interpretation.
Seismic Attributes.
AVO, Inversion.
Seismic Modelling.
Exercises.
Day 5:
Course review.
Exercises.
Discussion of result of exercises.
Final Test.

Avseth, P., Mukerji, T., and Mavko, G. Quantitative seismic interpretation:

Applying rock physics tools to reduce interpretation risk, Cambridge University
Press, 2006, ISBN 9780521816014.
Brown A.: Interpretation of Three-Dimensional Seismic Data: AAPG Memoir 42,
Fifth Edition. 1999. ISBN 0-89181-352-7.
J. P. Castagna, J.P. and M. Backus: Theory and practice of AVO analysis.
Investigations in Geophysics No. 8, 1993.
Hilterman, F. J.: Seismic amplitude interpretation: Society of Exploration
Geophysics. SEG distinguished instructor short course, No. 4.
Labo J.: A Practical Introduction to Borehole Geophysics: Society of Exploration
Geophysicists (SEG), Tulsa Oklahoma. 1992. ISBN 0-931830-39-7.
McQuillin R., Bacon M., Barclay W.: An Introduction to Seismic Interpretation:
Graham & Trotman Ltd. 1984. ISBN 0-86010-496-6.
Nettleton, L.L. Gravity and Magnetics in Oil Prospecting, McGraw Hill, 1976.
Schlumberger: Log Interpretation Principles/Applications: Schlumberger
Educational Services, Houston, Texas, Order No. SMP-7017. 1991.
Sheriff R.E.: Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Exploration Geophysics, Third Edition:
Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG), Tulsa Oklahoma. 1991. ISBN 1-56080-
018-6.
Stone D. G.: Designing Seismic Surveys in Two and Three Dimensions: Society of
Exploration Geophysicists (SEG), Tulsa Oklahoma. 1994. ISBN 1-56080-073-9.
Yilmaz .: Seismic Data Processing: Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG),
Tulsa Oklahoma. 1987. ISBN 0-931830-40-09.

Module
BOB 6A RESERVOIR GEOLOGY AND CHARACTERIZATION
Lecturer
Dr. Patrick Corbett is Professor of Petroleum Engineering in the Petroleum Engineering

Department at Heriot-Watt University (Edinburgh). He received an Honours BSc.
Geology degree from Exeter University, MSc Micropalaeontology degree from
University College, London, and PG Dip (Distinction) degree in Geological Statistics from
Kingston Poly. (PT) and Doctor of Philosophy degree in Petroleum Engineering from
Heriot-Watt University. After spending several years in Gearhart-Owen, Union Oil GB,
Unocal Netherlands and Unocal Indonesia he joined Heriot-Watt University in 1989.
Mr. Javier Prieto has more than 21 years experience working on the E&P industry. He
graduated as Bachelor Geological Science in Oviedo University, Spain.
He is currently Sr. Reservoir Geologist in the Reggane Nord Project, Argelia, and he has
worked for Repsol E&P as reservoir geologist in Libya oilfields and also different
development projects in Venezuela, Argentina, Ecuador and Madrid.
Objectives
1. Become acquainted with the controls of deposition on the properties and

geometries of reservoirs.
2. Get to know how to recognize reservoir flow units.
3. Learn how to define the flow unit geometry in the subsurface.
4. Learn how to draw maps of flow units.
5. Learn how to define properties of flow units.
6. Learn how to determine volumetric hydrocarbons in place.
Syllabus
1. Sedimentology.
1.1. Texture and properties clastics.
1.2. Fluvial reservoirs geometries.
1.3. Shallow marine reservoirs geometries.
1.4. Deep water reservoirs geometries.
2. Correlation.
2.1. Introduction.
2.2. Stratigraphy.
2.3. Correlation panels and cross sections.
2.4. Stratigraphy and reservoir performance.
2.5. Architecture, drive mechanism and recovery.
2.6. Compartmentalization and reserves.
2.7. Tutorial.
a) Layercake reservoir correlation.
b) Jigsaw reservoir correlation.
c) Casablanca reservoir correlation.
2.8. Supplement.
a) Sequence stratigraphic concepts.
b) Geobodies and outcrops.
c) Scale of geological elements.

3. Mapping.
3.1. Introduction.
3.2. Data types.
3.3. Manual contouring.
3.4. Computer contouring.
3.5. Structural maps.
3.6. Determination of Gross Rock Volume.
3.7. Isopachs.
3.8. Grid manipulation.
3.9. Fault maps.
3.10. Tutorial.
a) Mapping exercise.
b) GRV determination in Casablanca Field.
4. Geological statistics.
4.1. Introduction.
4.2. Measures of central tendency.
4.3. Measures of variability.
4.4. Distributions.
4.5. Sample sufficiency.
4.6. Measures of spatial correlation.
4.7. Tutorials.
a) Averages.
b) Heterogeneity.
c) Variograms.
5. Volumetric.
5.1. Introduction.
5.2. Gross reservoir and Net Pay.
5.3. Deterministic HIP calculations.
5.4. Monte Carlo HIP calculations.
5.5. Reserves definitions and categories.
5.6. Handling Uncertainty.
5.7. Tutorials.
a) Reserve determination exercises.
b) Monte Carlo reserves Casablanca Field.
6. Reservoir Static Modelling.
6.1. Structural Framework.
6.2. Reservoir Correlation and Zonation.
6.3. Gridding Design.
6.4. Facies modelling / Petrophysical Property modelling.
Layercake reservoir correlation.

Jigsaw reservoir correlation.
Casablanca reservoir correlation.
Mapping exercise.
GRV determination in Casablanca Field.
Calculating Averages.
Calculating Heterogeneity measures.
Calculation of Variograms.
Reserve determination exercises.

Monte Carlo reserves - Casablanca Field.
Program

Day 1:
Sedimentology of reservoirs deep water and fluvial.
Day 2:
Correlation.
Day 3:
Mapping.
Day 4:
Geological Statistics.
Day 5:
Volumetric.
Abbotts, I.L., 1991, UK Oil and Gas Fields, 25years Commemorative Volume,
Geological Society, 573p.
Cosentino, L., 2001, Integrated reservoir Studies, Editions Technip, Paris, 310p.
Dubrule, O., 1998, Geostatistics in Petroleum Geology, AAPG Continuing
Education Course Note Series #38, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Jensen, J.L., Lake, L.W., Corbett, P.W.M., and Goggin, D.J., 2000, Statistics for
Geoscientists and Engineers, Elsevier.
Morton-Thompson, D., and Woods, A.M., 1992, Development Geology Reference
Manual, AAPG Methods in Exploration Series, 10, AAPG, Tulsa Ok, 550p.

Module
BOB 6B RESERVOIR ENGINEERING
Lecturer
Mr. Manuel Prida has 30 years of experience in the oil industry occupying several
positions mainly related to Reservoir Engineering within Repsol. He graduated as
Mining Engineer from the ETSIMO (1981); Master in Petroleum Engineering H.K. Van
Poolen (1982); Master in Numerical Simulation from the Polytechnic University of
Madrid (1991); and Economist from the UNED (2006). He is currently acting as
Reservoir Department Manager of Business Development in the Repsols headquarters,
Madrid. Initially, he was dedicated to the well testing and evaluation of exploration
wells in Spain and worldwide. He also participated in several integrated reservoir
studies, development projects, underground gas storage projects, and reserves
acquisitions evaluations in several countries. He was international expatriate in Egypt
and Libya, from 1994 to 2000. Upon his return to Repsol headquarters he was assigned
to business development activities.
Objectives
1. Understand Reservoir Rock Properties: Porosity, Permeability and Saturation.

2. Understand Reservoir Pressure and Temperature Regimes and the techniques used
for Distributed Pressure Measurements.
3. Understand the Phase Behaviour of Reservoir Fluids.
4. Understand Reservoir Production Mechanisms.
5. Become acquainted with the Material Balance Technique.
6. Understand Waterflooding.
Syllabus
1. Reservoir Rock Properties.

1.1. Porosity.
1.2. Absolute Permeability (Darcys Law).
1.3. Saturations.
1.4. Capillary Pressure and Pore Size Distribution.
1.5. Wettability.
1.6. Effective and Relative Permeabilities.
2. Reservoir Pressure and Temperature.

2.1. Reservoir Fluid Pressure and Temperatures Regimes.
2.2. Techniques for Pressure Measurements: WFT.

3. Phase Behaviour of Reservoir Fluids.
3.1. Pure Substances.
3.2. Multicomponent Hydrocarbon Mixtures.
3.3. Pressure-Temperature Phase Diagram Classification of Reservoirs.
3.4. Oil PVT Analysis:
a) Definition of the Basic Parameters (Bo, Rs, Bg) and their Evolution with
Pressure.
b) Oil Viscosity.
c) Black Oil Correlations.
d) Sampling Methods (Subsurface and Surface Recombined Samples).
e) Laboratory Experiments (Flash Expansion, Differential Liberation, Separator
Tests).
3.5. Gas and Gas-Condensate:
a) Ideal Gases.
b) Behaviour of Real Gases: Equation of State.
c) Definition of the Basic Parameters (Z, Eg, CGR) and their evolution with
Pressure.
d) Gas Viscosity.
e) Correlations.
f) Sampling Methods.
g) Laboratory Experiments (Retrograde Condensation).
h) Vapour Liquid Equilibrium Calculations: Equations of State.
3.6. Properties of Formation Waters.
4. Production Mechanisms.
4.1. Radial Flow in a Porous Media.
4.2. Reservoir Drives and Production Mechanisms.
4.3. Primary, Secondary and Improved Oil Recovery.
4.4. Recovery Factors.
4.5. Reserve Determination and Classification.
5. Material Balance.
5.1. General Form of the Material Balance Equation.
5.2. The Material Balance Expressed as a Linear Equation.
5.3. Material Balance Applied to Oil Fields:
a) Depletion above Bubble Point.
b) Solution Gas Drive.
c) Gas-Cap Drive.
d) Compaction Drive.
e) Natural Water Drive.
5.4. Water Influx Calculations:
a) Hurst and Van Everdingen (Unsteady State).
b) Fetkovitch.
c) Carter-Tracy.
5.5. Gas Material Balance:
a) Volumetric Depletion.
b) Natural Water Drive.
5.6. Limitations of the Material Balance.
6. Waterflooding Fundamentals.
6.1. Rock Relative Permeabilities.
6.2. Mobility Ratio.
6.3. Fractional Flow.
6.4. The Buckley Leverett One Dimensional Theory.
6.5. Oil Recovery Calculations (Welge Technique).

Determination of the HWC from a WFT Survey.

Understanding a Black Oil Lab. PVT Report.
Converting Differential Liberation Data to obtain PVT Parameters.
Using Tuned Black Oil Correlations to obtain a Full Reservoir Fluid description.
Undersaturated Oil Material Balance.
Gas Volumetric Material Balance.
Oil Recovery Calculation.
Program

Day 1:
Reservoir Rock Properties.
Reservoir Pressure and Temperature.
Day 2:
Phase Behaviour of Reservoir Fluids: Oil, Gas, Water.
Day 3:
Production Mechanisms.
Day 4:
Material Balance Applied to Oil and Gas Reservoirs.
Day 5:
Waterflooding: Fundamentals.
Course Final Test.
Fundamentals of Reservoir Engineering. L. P. Dake, 1978. Developments in

Petroleum Science, 8. Elsevier.
The Practice of Reservoir Engineering. L. P. Dake, 1994. Developments in
Petroleum Science, 36. Elsevier.
Reservoir Fluids: The Properties of Petroleum Fluids. W. D. McCain, 1990.
Second Edition. PennWell.
PVT and Phase Behaviour of Petroleum Reservoir Fluids. Ali Danesh, 1998.
Developments in Petroleum Science, 47. Elsevier.
Waterflooding: The Reservoir Engineering Aspects of Waterflooding, Vol. 3. F.F.
Craig Jr., Third Printing 1993. SPE Reprint Series.
Applied Petroleum Reservoir Engineering. Second Edition. B. C. Craft, M. F.
Hawkins, 1991. Prentice-Hall.
Basics of Reservoir Engineering. R. Cosse, 1993. Editions Technip.
Petroleum Engineering Principles and Practices. J. S. Archer. And C. G. Wall,
1986. Graham & Trotman.
Petroleum Reservoir Engineering. Amyx, Bass & Whiting. Mc Graw-Hill Book
Company.

Module
BOB 6D WELL TESTING
Lecturer
Ms. Elena Izaguirre is Head of Reservoir Engineering Technology in Repsol. She

received a Mining Engineering degree from ETSIM (UPM).
She has been working for Repsol VP Upstream since 1990 and has over sixteen years of
experience in reservoir engineering. She has participated in technical assessment of
new developments, reserves acquisitions and reservoir management of assets, in Spain
and Algeria.
Objectives
1. Become acquainted with Well Testing Data Acquisition and Interpretation

Techniques.
2. Understand the basic theory of well testing.
3. Be able to design a well test.
4. Get to know the tools needed to implement a well test.
5. Understand a well test report.
6. Be able to recognize different well-reservoir models in a pressure derivative
response.
7. Understand the differences between oil and gas well testing.
8. Be able to interpret a well test flow period in terms of reservoir properties and
boundary conditions using PanSystem.
Syllabus
1. Fundamentals:
1.1. Darcys Law and its Applications.
1.2. Fluid and Pore Isothermal Compressibility.
1.3. Radial Diffusivity Equation and its Solution for Monophase Fluid Flow in Porous Media.
1.4. Outer Boundary Conditions Transient (Infinite), Semi Steady State and Steady State.
1.5. Superposition in Time and Space.
2. Well test Design and Execution:
2.1. Objectives.
2.2. Types of Tests.
2.3. Downhole and Surface Equipment.
2.4. Pressure Gauges and Rate Measurements.
2.5. Sampling of Produced Fluids.
3. Basic well test Interpretation:
3.1. Methodology.
3.2. Techniques: Pressure Derivative, Type Curve Matching, and Specialized Plots.
3.3. Early Time Near Wellbore Effects: WBS, Dimensionless Skin Factor.
3.4. Radial Homogeneous Flow: Determination of Reservoir Parameters (k, S).
3.5. Late Time Boundary and Depletion Effects:
a) Single Fault.
b) Intersecting Faults.
c) Linear Flow (Channel Sands and Parallel Faults).

d) Constant Pressure Boundaries.
e) Closed Reservoirs.
4. Gas Well Testing:
4.1. Pseudo Pressure and Time.
4.2. Non-Darcy Flow.
4.3. Deliverability Tests.
5. Naturally Fractured Reservoirs:
5.1. Reservoir properties: geometry, porosity and capacity.
5.2. Matrix-fracture exchange.
5.3. Analysis of flow.
6. Artificially fractured wells:
6.1. Description of the fracture.
6.2. Flows around an artificially fractured well.
Understanding a well test Report.

Interpretation of the pressure build-up of an Undersaturated Oil.
Oil and Gas well test Interpretations exercises using PanSystem.
Program

Day 1:
Fundamentals.
Well testing Design and Execution.
Tutorial 1.
Day 2:
Basic well test Interpretation.
Tutorial 2.
Day 3:
Basic well test Interpretation (cont).
Tutorial 2 (contd).
Gas well testing.
Tutorial 3.
Day 4:
Naturally fractured reservoirs.
Tutorial 3 (contd).
Artificially fractured well.
Tutorial 3 (contd).
Day 5:
Course Examination.

Well Testing: Interpretation Methods. G. Bourdarot, 1998. Editions Technip.

Module
BOB 6E RESERVOIR SIMULATION
Lecturer
Dr. Francisco Jose Mustieles joined Repsol Exploracion in 1998, as a Specialist in

numerical simulation within the Reservoir Engineering Department. He received both a
BSc degree (1985) and a PhD degree (1989) in Mining Engineering from ETSIM (UPM).
In 1990, he received a PhD degree in Applied Mathematics from cole Polytechnique
in Paris.
In 1990, he joined Telefonica, R&D, as responsible of numerical simulation tools. He
was a lecturer in the School of Mines (ETSIM) in Madrid. In 1994, he joined the
University Alfonso X el Sabio, in Madrid, where he led the Applied Mathematics
Department.
Objectives
1. To understand the role of numerical reservoir simulation in the context of reservoir

economic development.
2. To understand the fluid flow equations in a porous media.
3. To understand the differences between compositional and black-oil model
equations.
4. To understand the numerical discretization of fluid flow equations.
5. To grasp the general structure of an Eclipse Input Data File.
6. To be able to use Eclipse 100.
Syllabus
Part I: Reservoir Simulation Overview.

1. Introduction to Reservoir Simulation.
1.1. Purpose and benefits of numerical reservoir simulation.
1.2. Relationship with other E&P matters.
1.3. Main steps in the construction of a Reservoir Simulation Model.
1.4. Types of Reservoir Simulation Models.
2. The Fluid Flow Equations in a Porous Media.
2.1. Continuity or Mass Conservation Equation.
2.2. Darcys Law.
2.3. Compositional and Black Oil Model Equations.
3. Numerical Discretization of the Fluid Flow Equations.
3.1. Notions about Finite Differences.
3.2. Types of Numerical Schemes:
a) IMPES.
b) Fully Implicit.
c) Streamlines.
3.3. Comments about numerical stability and accuracy.
Part II: Tutorial on General Structure of an Eclipse Input Data File.

Case Study: Basic vertical cross-section model to estimate vertical sweep efficiency under
Waterflooding for an Undersaturated oil reservoir.

Part III: Tutorial on Practical Use of Reservoir Simulation.
Case Study: 3D Full Field simulation model for a real reservoir.
- Data gathering.
- Geological model. Grid construction.
- Fluid and rock-fluid properties.
- Aquifer modelling.
- Initialization.
- Well description.
- History matching.
- Forecast simulations.
Basic exercises about finite difference discretization.

Modify and run with Eclipse 100 a vertical cross-section model to estimate sweep
efficiency under waterflooding for an undersaturated oil.
Analyse input data and results of a 3D full field simulation model with different
Pre and Post-Processors.
Program
Day 1
Reservoir Simulation Overview.
Days 2-3
Tutorial on General Structure of an Eclipse Input Data File.
Days 4-5
Tutorial on Practical Use of Reservoir Simulation.
Eclipse 100.
Eclipse Office, Graf, Floviz.
Principles of Applied Reservoir Simulation. Fanchi, J.R.; Gulf Publishing Company.

2001.
Fundamentals of Numerical Reservoir Simulation. Peaceman, D.W.; Elsevier. 1977.
Modern Reservoir Engineering A Simulation Approach. Crichlow, H.B.; Prentice-
Hall. 1977.
Basic Applied Reservoir Simulation. Ertekin, T.; Abou-Kassem, J.H.; King, J.R.; SPE
Textbook Series N.3. 2001.

Module
BOB 7A SUBSURFACE PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
Lecturer
Mr. Ashutosh Shah joined Repsol in 2010, as a Head of Production Engineering at

Direccin de Calidad de Operaciones (DCO), Madrid. He holds a Chemical Engineering
Degree from the Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India. He has worked with
British Gas, UK, Enron International, USA and ONGC, India before joining Repsol. His
last assignment was with BG Group, Reading UK as sub-surface development Manager.
Objectives
1. Introduction to Production Technology.

1.1. Define the content and scope of Production Technology.
1.2. Relate the production system and the well performance to the long term reservoir
dynamics.
1.3. Discuss the integrated nature of production technology and its various technology
subsets.
1.4. Understand the impact of production technology on the economics of capital
investment planning and operating cost budgeting.
1.5. Discuss and define the concepts of well inflow performance and lift performance.
1.6. Explain the interaction, in terms of well life cycle economics, between capital
investment and operating expenditure.
2. Well Completion Design.
2.1. Evaluate and recommend bottom hole completion options based on well integrity and
reservoir management requirements.
2.2. Assess and recommend well designs for both production and injection wells.
2.3. Identify, evaluate and recommend functional capability of completion strings for a
variety of situations.
2.4. Describe the purpose and generic operating principles of major completion string
components.
2.5. Identify well design limitations and potential operational problems.
2.6. Assess well safety requirements and capabilities.
3. Perforating.
3.1. Describe the options, their advantages and disadvantages for perforating oil and gas
wells.
3.2. Describe how to select between over-balanced and under-balanced perforating.
3.3. Understand the importance of perforating charge design and what factors influence its
performance.
3.4. Discuss the importance of protecting the perforations against formation damage during
completion and workover operations.
4. Well Outflow and Total System Performance.
4.1. Explain the concept of systems analysis.
4.2. List four segments in the production system where pressure losses occur.
4.3. Define inflow performance curve, outflow performance curve and the solution node.
4.4. Explain how systems analysis is used to estimate production rates.
4.5. List the three components of pressure loss for fluid flow in pipes.
4.6. Describe the fundamentals of Multiphase Flow.
4.7. Estimate pressure drop in tubing using graphical techniques.
4.8. Identify the purpose of a choke.
4.9. Define critical and subcritical flow.

5. Artificial Lift Review.
5.1. Explain the importance of Artificial Lift (AL) for world oil production.
5.2. List the different types of AL and explain their operating principle.
5.3. Discuss AL selection criteria.
6. Formation Damage.
6.1. Understand the importance of the near wellbore area in terms of formation damage
and poor well performance.
6.2. Calculate the cost of formation damage.
6.3. Identify the major sources of formation damage e.g. during drilling and completion
formation, production etc. as well as the appropriate remedial actions.
6.4. Provide guidelines for minimising formation damage during workover operations.
6.5. Indicate how the presence of formation damage can be identified in a production or
injection well.
7. Acidizing and other Matrix Stimulation Techniques.
7.1. Describe the role of and mechanism by which matrix stimulation improves well
production performance.
7.2. Describe the well stimulation design methodology.
7.3. Identify well stimulation candidates.
7.4. Discuss the importance of the stimulation cycle.
7.5. Prepare a treatment design i.e. select the acid formulation, acid volume and acid pump
rate.
8. Subsurface and Surface Operations.
8.1. Discuss the properties of Oil and emulsions.
8.2. Describe operational problems associated with Water Production.
8.3. Describe the pipeline pigging operations.
Syllabus
1. Well Completions.
1.1. Types of Well Completion.
1.2. Basic Well Completion Component Names and their Functions.
1.3. Example Well Completions.
2. Perforating.
2.1. Shaped charge design and performance.
2.2. Perforation Pattern and Well Inflow Performance.
2.3. Perforation Charge Performance.
2.4. Perforation Gun Types.
2.5. Perforating Techniques.
2.6. Impact on Well Productivity.
3. Well Performance.
3.1. Introduction.
3.2. Systems Analysis Of The Production System.
3.3. Importance of Hydrocarbon Phase Behaviour.
3.4. Reservoir Inflow Performance Review.
3.5. Tubing (Outflow) Performance.
3.6. Gradient or Pressure Traverse Curves.
3.7. Flow Maps and Correlations.
3.8. Temperature Modelling.
3.9. Surface Pressure Losses.
3.10. Completions Inflow Performance.
3.11. Computerized Well Performance Prediction Programs.

4. Introduction to Artificial Lift.
4.1. The need for Artificial Lift.
4.2. Types of Artificial Lift.
4.3. Selection of Artificial Lift.
4.4. Integration of Artificial Lift in Field Development.
5. Formation Damage.
5.1. The concept of Skin.
5.2. The many Sources of Formation Damage Skin.
a) Drilling & Completion Operations.
b) Production Operations and Reservoir Depletion.
c) Workover Operations.
5.3. Workover Techniques to Minimize Formation Damage.
5.4. Recognition of the Presence of Formation Damage.
6. Acidizing & other Matrix Stimulation Techniques.
6.1. Well Inflow and its improvement by Well Stimulation.
6.2. An Introduction To Well Stimulation Economics.
6.3. Candidate Selection.
6.4. Matrix Stimulation Fluid Section.
6.5. Matrix Stimulation Treatment Design:
a) Selection of Acid Composition.
b) Selection of Treatment Volume.
c) Selection of Injection Rate.
d) Selection of Additives.
e) Selection of Treatment Type.
f) Selection of Diversion Technique.
6.6. Matrix Stimulation Field Campaigns.
7. Surface & Subsurface Operations.
7.1. Emulsions.
7.2. Scale Formation.
7.3. Produced Water Management.
7.4. Hydrates Formation.
7.5. Pigging.
Production Operations Vol. 1 and 2 (4th Edition). T. Allan and A. Roberts. Oil and
Gas Consultants International, Tulsa, USA. ISBN: 0-930972-19-8.
Petroleum Production Systems. M. Economides, A. Hill and C. Ehlig -
Economides. Prentice Hall, 1994. ISBN: 0-13-658-683-X.
Well Performance (2nd Edition). M. Golan and C. Whitson. Tapir, Norway. ISBN:
0-13-946609-6.
Surface Production Operations Vol. 1 and 2. K. Arnold and M. Stewart. Gulf
Publishing. ISBN: 0-87201-173-9.
Production Optimization Using Nodal Analysis. H. Beggs. Oil and Gas Consultants
International. ISBN: 0-930972-14-7.
Hydrocarbon Exploration and Production. F. Jahn, M. Cook and M. Graham.
Elsevier, No 46, Development in Petroleum Science. ISBN: 0-444-82883-4.

Module
BOB 7B SURFACE PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
Lecturers
Mr. Jose Enrique Gomis has over twenty one years experience as a process engineer.
MSc Oil Refining, Gas, and Petro chemistry (UNIMET, 1994). BEICIP-FRANLAB (IFP
subsidiary) Diploma, Postgraduate Cycle in Oil Refining, Gas and Petro chemistry.
Mechanical Engineering (USB, 1990). Repsol YPF: Head of Production & Facilities UNAR.
Head Production & Facilities EAA. Engineering Manager Gassi Touil Project. Senior
Process Engineer, Technical Staff Group. Nous Group: Senior Process Consultant.
Process Design Instructor to graduate students. PDVSA: Project portfolio coordinator.
Project Leader. Senior Process Engineer. Surface facilities and gas engineering
instructor. Responsible for Process Support and Operation Follow up, heavy oil and tar
sands handling, dehydration and fractionation. UCV Instructor: Gas engineering
undergraduate course instructor, Petroleum Engineering School.
Mr. Napoleon Villalba has over twenty eight years experience in the Oil and Gas
industry, upstream and downstream, onshore and offshore, with experience
throughout field Operations and Maintenance Management, Engineering,
Construction, Facilities Commissioning, Projects Management, Field development
conceptualizations, and Gas contracts negotiations and commercialization. Graduated
as Process Control Systems Engineer in Los Andes University in Venezuela and post
graduate diploma in Gas Business Development and Management programs. He has
primarily worked for PDVSA, engineering consulting companies and Repsol, which
joined early 2006. He is currently assigned to the new projects and field development
revisions within the Direccion Ejecutiva de Desarrollo Tecnologico.
Objective
1. Provide a general overview of crude oil/ gas processing, the elements and
equipment in an integrated surface facility plant and the impact in field
development.
2. Understand the technical factors for the design and operation of a surface facility:
fluid characteristics, quantities, specifications, location, data quality, etc
3. Review the fluid behaviour aspects relevant for the design and operation of a
surface facility
4. Provide a general understanding of process operations: separation, dehydration, gas
treatment, gas processing, water treatment, fluid transportation, etc.
5. Provide a basic understanding on how process equipment work and how they are
designed and rated.
6. Discuss main elements related to managing a surface facility project: methodology,
cost, schedule, etc.

Syllabus
1. Introduction: Basic unit of measurement. The Wellhead. The gathering network. The
processing plant. Product specifications. Production handling basic concept and
schemes. The transport system. Impact on field development. Project metrics and
cost. Environment: Onshore. Offshore. Technologies
2. Hydrocarbon fluid behaviour:
2.1. Hydrocarbon composition: Chemical components. Contaminants. PONA. Oil cuts.
2.2. Natural gas properties: Composition. Specifications. Density and Specific Gravity.
Compressibility. Viscosity. Heating value. Liquid content.
2.3. Liquid hydrocarbon properties: Density and specific gravity. Characterization factor.
Assays. TBP. Critical properties. Pseudo components.
2.4. Phase behavior: Pure component. Mixtures. Fluid phase diagrams. Reservoir
applications. Separator applications. Fluid transport applications.
2.5. Equation of state: Ideal gas. Real gas. Cubic EOSs. Virial EOSs.
2.6. Phase equilibrium: Concepts. Ideal equilibrium constant. Simplified methods. EOS
methods. Phase calculation. Dew point. Bubble point.
2.7. Gas-Water Behavior: Water content in natural gas. Correlations. Hydrates. Hydrate
inhibition. Corrosion. Corrosion calculations.
3. Separation and oil treatment
3.1. Liquid stabilization: Vapor pressure. Process schemes. Separation stages. Selection
criteria.
3.2. Separators: Production separators. Test separators. Scrubbers. Slug catchers. Filters. KO
drums.
3.3. Process vessels: Operating principle. Process design and sizing. Mechanical design.
3.4. Crude Oil dehydration: Operating principle. Sizing considerations. The bottle test. Gun
barrels. FWKOs. electrostatic equipment. Desalters.
3.5. Distillation & Fractionation: operating principle. Fractionation. Sizing. Internals.
Operational features.
4. Water Treatment
4.1. Water Specifications.
4.2. Basic Principles and equations.
4.3. Process Schemes.
4.4. Process equipment.
5. Natural gas treatment and processing
5.1. Natural gas treatment: general aspects. Gas dehydration. Glycol process. Adsorption
processes. Acid gas problems. Gas sweetening. Amine processes. Physical solvent
process. Solid bed process. Membranes. Mercury.
5.2. Natural gas processing: Dew pointing. NGL extraction. LPG extraction. Process schemes.
Oil Absorption. Mechanical refrigeration. J-T expansion. Turbo expansion. NGL/LPG
storage.
6. Oil & Gas transportation
6.1. Fluid flow: Terms & definitions. Basic concepts. Single phase. Multiphase flow. Piping
process sizing. Mechanical sizing.
6.2. Liquid pumping: General concepts. Centrifugal pumps. Rotary pumps. Reciprocating
pumps. Drivers.
6.3. Gas compression: Thermodynamic of compressors. The process. Reciprocating
compressors. Centrifugal compressors. Screw compressors. Drivers.
7. Thermal equipments
7.1. Heat transfer: Definitions. Heat transfer mechanism. Basic equations. Heat transfer
resistances. The driving force...
7.2. Heat exchangers: Sizing and rating. Shell & tube heat exchangers. Hairpin heat
exchangers. Hairpin heat exchangers. Air coolers.

7.3. Heaters and Furnaces: Definitions. Combustion. Heater design. Operational features.
8. Measurement and controls
8.1. Flow measurement: General concepts. Measurement classification. Custody transfer.
Production allocation. Process control. Measurement types. Orifices. Turbines. Coriolis
based. Ultrasonic.
8.2. Process control: flow control. Level control. Temperature control. Pressure control.
Control valves.
9. Safety
9.1. Design considerations: Design pressure. Design temperature. Contingencies.
Depressurization systems. Blow down systems.
9.2. Equipments: Safety valves. Sizing.
9.3. Systems: Disposal systems. Open systems. Close systems.
10. Project Management
10.1. Project Stages.
10.2. Integrated Project Management (GIP Guidelines). Visualization. Conceptualization.
Definition. Execution.
10.3. Front End Loading.
10.4. Cost Estimation. Risk. Contingencies. Accuracy. Allowances. Contract types.
Main Exercises and Tutorials.
Students are required to have handheld calculator and Excel

Textbook will be handed over by downloading the electronic copy in each student
computer using the Repsol e-library catalogue.
Basis of Design, Block diagrams, Process Flow diagrams and equipment lists will be
handed out to the students covering a real case of a plant design for collecting the gas
and condensate, separate the fluids, dew point the gas, stabilize the liquids, remove the
CO2, compress the gas, pump the liquids, transport both fluids, and extract LPG will be
studied.
During the course, some of these exercises will be developed: gas properties and
pseudo critical properties, gas compressibility factor, bubble point and dew point of
multi component mixture, water content on natural gas, separator design, piping design,
pipeline and pumping system, gas compressor power estimation.
Program
Day 1
Introduction.
Hydrocarbon phase behaviour.
Exercises.
Day 2
Separation & oil treatment.
Exercise.
Water Treatment.
Day 3
Natural gas treatment & processing.
Oil Transportation.
Exercises.

Day 4
Gas compression.
Thermal equipments.
Measurement and controls.
Safety.
Exercises.
Day 5
Utilities.
Project Management.
Course Examination.
Open Process design software in Basic 3.2 to be handed out during the course.
Excel spreadsheets.
Hysys (see Team Project 3rd term).
Questor Offshore (see Team Project 3rd term).
Surface Production Operations Volume I and II from K. Arnolds and M. Stewart.

Second Edition
Gas Conditioning & Processing Volume I, II, III. JMC Campbell. Campbell
Petroleum Series, Norman, Oklahoma. Library of Congress Catalogue Card 76-15.
PVT and Phase Behaviour of Petroleum Reservoir Fluids. Danesh, Ali. Elsevier.
ISBN: 044482196 1.
A Working Guide to Process Equipments. Lieberman N, Lieberman, E. Mc Graw
Hill. ISBN 0-07-038075-9.
Oil Field Processing Volume One: Natural Gas & Volume Two: Crude Oil.
Manning F & Thompson R. PennWell Books, Tulsa Oklahoma. ISBN 0-87814-342.

Module
BOB 8 ECONOMIC EVALUATION
Lecturer
Mr. Gerardo Gonzalez is Manager of the Economic Evaluation Control and Studies
Department, in Repsol Upstream Planning & Resources. He received a BSc degree in
Economics from Universidad Autonoma de Madrid and a Technical Mining
Engineering degree from Universidad de Oviedo. He worked for more than eight
years as an Offshore Drilling Engineer in Hispanoil and Eniepsa Spanish operations. In
1988 he started to work as a Senior Economist in Repsol Exploracion New Ventures,
responsible in the elaboration of economic models for E&P investment analysis. From
1990 to 1999 he served as Senior Economist in Repsol Exploracion Planning. Then, from
1999 to 2002, he was a Senior Economist in Repsol S.A. Planning (Gas & Power). He has
taught courses for NIOC technical staff in Teheran (Iran) and has published papers
related to Oil & Gas industry in Mexico and Spain.
Objectives
1. Understand the main targets of the E&P companies.

2. Become acquainted with the main management indicators in a E&P company.
3. Be acquainted with E&P contract features.
4. Learn how to perform an economic evaluation of an E&P project.
5. Get to know and understand the fundamentals of decision analysis.
6. Become acquainted with the E&P accounting standards.
7. Understand Oil & Gas markets. Their structures, characteristics and price
mechanisms.
Syllabus
1. Main targets of E&P companies.

1.1. E&P cornerstone idea.
1.2. Technical risk in the E&P asset lifecycle. Exploration, appraisal, development, production
and abandonment.
1.3. Ways of land acquisition. Up-front payments. Farm in-out economic consequences.
1.4. Areal extent. Ground floor.
1.5. Working obligations. Mandatory and discretionary programs.
1.6. Operating environment impacts on economic viability.
a) Factors to be considered in cost estimation.
b) How technological advances press costs down.
c) Costs for recent developments.
2. Whats the E&P industry doing.
2.1. E&P main indicators. Investor benchmarking.
2.2. Reserve replacement. Ways to replace reserves. Reserve life.
2.3. Finding cost. Full cycle cost. Trends.
2.4. Exploration performance. Write-off rate. Trends.
2.5. Reinvestment ratio. Trends.
2.6. E&P expenditures per production unit. Trends.
2.7. E&P current cost escalation.
2.8. E&P is still the most important business in oil-gas industry.
2.9. E&P profitability by geographic area.

3. E&P Contract types. Historic evolution.
3.1. Concession. Tax-royalty system. Royalty in-kind and in-cash.
3.2. Production sharing contracts.
a) Cost-oil. Profit-oil. Excess cost-oil. Cost-oil limit. PSC effects.
b) Net reserves.
3.3. Service contract. With or without risk.
3.4. Association contract.
3.5. New contracts: "k factor" (Algeria), Buy-back (Iran).
3.6. Other contract issues.
a) Work program. Relinquishment. Sole risk. Force Major.
b) Carried National oil Company.
c) Commercial discovery.
d) Depreciation schedule. Carry forward clause.
e) Associated fiscal terms: bonus, ring-fence, price cap, uplift and
domestic obligation.
f) Government-Contractor takes. Differences among contracts and among
countries.
4. Economic evaluation.
4.1. Objectives of an economic evaluation.
4.2. Economics in the E&P asset lifecycle: purpose, key variables, and risks.
4.3. Phases of a project's economics. Evaluation network.
4.4. Measures of profitability. Characteristics.
4.5. Economic evaluation. Full cycle and half cycle.
4.6. Discounted net cash flow method. Building the cash flow.
4.7. Measures of profitability more commonly used: payback period, maximum financial
exposure, profit to investment ratio, internal rate of return, net present value,
discounted profit to investment ratio, etc. Characteristics. Pros and cons.
4.8. The discount rate. Factors to be considered.
4.9. Answering what if questions. Sensitivity analysis. Looking for the key uncertainties.
4.10. Sustainable development in the energy sector.
5. Decision analysis.
5.1. Concepts: uncertainty, exposure to uncertainty, risk, etc.
5.2. Basics of probability and statistics concepts.
5.3. The shape of oil patches uncertainty.
5.4. Expected value concept. Meaning and interpretation.
5.5. Decision trees. Chance node. Decision node.
5.6. Solving a decision tree.
5.7. Maximum tolerable dry hole risk.
5.8. Preference theory concepts.
6. Accounting and Financial Statements.
6.1. SFAS 69. SEC Standards for booking reserves.
6.2. Ceiling test and Year Closing.
6.3. Booking reserves.
6.4. Full Cost and Successful Effort methods.
6.5. The unit-of-production depreciation method.
6.6. Final summary.
7. Miscellaneous.
7.1. Oil market. Prices. Why are prices so difficult to forecast?
7.2. Gas Market has a regional structure. Prices.
7.3. Oil vs. Natural Gas. Different risks.
7.4. Gas market. Net-back and build-up prices. Examples.
7.5. Final summary.

Tutorial: Performance of an economic evaluation based on the contractual terms of a

foreign country.
Country overview.
Country oil-gas sector. Government hydrocarbon policy.
Contractual terms.
Use of an economic model.
Technical inputs of the project: capex, opex and production profiles.
Oil-gas price references. Historic and futures series.
Dollar and Euro interest rate references.
Program

Day 1:
Introduction. Resources and reserves. Why economics?
The value chain. Business integration. Companies convergence.
The impact of the financial and economic crisis on global energy investment.
The end of oil age? E&P industry. The cornerstone idea.
Geological, Commercial and Economical Success.
Acreage acquisition: Negotiations, Farming-out, international tenders. Economic
consequences.
Industry indicators: Finding, Finding $ Development, Full cycle Costs. Reserve
replacement, reinvestment ratio, reserve life and write-off rate.
Why contracts? Economic rent. Objectives of E&P actors.
Days summary.
Day 2:
Fiscal systems: Concession, PSC, Service and Association contracts. Buy back and
others
Sliding scale, price cup, investment uplift, depletion allowance, overriding royalty.
Taxes in lieu. PSC effect. Royalty in kind, Net reserves. Other contract issues. The
Laffer curve.
General objectives of fiscal regimes.
E&P Economics. How to value a project? Measures of profitability. Characteristics.
Weakness.
Cash Flow. Economic Limit.
Days summary.
Day 3:
Pay Out, ROI, Time-value of money. Compounding and discounting, IRR, to lend or
to borrow? Mutually exclusive projects. NPV, pros and cons. Multiple equation
solutions.
Inflation, interest rate and discount factor. End-period and mid-period
discounting.

What if clauses? Scenarios analysis.
Accounts and financial statements. Cost-based models. Balance sheet, Profit &
Loss. ROE, ROCE.
GAAP. Why depreciation? Property loose value. Unit-of-production amortization
method.
Ceiling Test.
Tax planning.
Days summary.
Day 4:
Decision Analysis. Basic statistics. Expected Value. Decision Tress.
Booking reserves.
Oil and gas prices and markets.
Oil prices and costs.
Days summary.
Economic evaluation and economic model presentation .
Exam. Perform an economic evaluation.
Day 5:
Exam. Perform an economic evaluation.
Microsoft Office.
Decision Analysis for Petroleum Exploration. Paul D. Newendorp. PennWell

Books, 1975.
International Petroleum Exploration Economics. N.W. Miller. IHRDC, 1998.
International Petroleum Fiscal Systems and Production Sharing Contracts.
Daniel Johnston, 1994.
Dealing with Risk and Uncertainty in Exploration. Peter R. Rose. The American
Association of Petroleum Geologists, 1987.
Decisiones Optimas de Inversion y Financiacion en la Empresa. Andres Suarez.
Piramide. 1984.

Module
BOB 9 RISK ANALYSIS
Lecturer
Mr. Antonio Suarez has more than 30 years experience working on the E&P industry.
He graduated as Mining Engineer in ETSIMO, Spain, and he also has a M.Sc. in
Geophysics by Stanford University, and a M.Sc. Finances by the London Business
School. He has worked mainly for Chevron Overseas and Repsol, initially as well site
geologist, then seismic interpreter and explorationist, and later becoming Director New
Ventures and M.D. Business Development for Repsol. With great concern for
education, Mr. Suarez has been always in touch with Universities and Students, and he
is attending Energy Meetings and giving talks on International E&P Conferences.
This module is aimed to understand and learn how to cope with risks and
uncertainties related to E&P activities
Objectives:
1. Identify risks and uncertainties intrinsic to the Exploration and Production.

2. Understand the basic statistical measures and probability distributions.
3. Be able to assign Exploration Prospect Risk.
4. Learn how to estimate Prospect/Field probability distribution of sizes.
5. Learn how to deal with risk and construct decision trees analysis.
6. Understand methods for risk diversification and Portfolio Management.
7. Understand the New Ventures process, competitive tenders and bidding rounds.
Syllabus
1. Introduction to the Risks associated to the Business of Exploration and Production of

Hydrocarbons.
1.1. The Oil and Gas Business. The E&P process and concept of volatility on results.
1.2. Definition of Risk and Uncertainties.
1.3. The concept of Expected Value.
2. Basic Statistics Applied to the Exploration and Production.
2.1. Sorting data. Creating frequency distributions
2.2. Discrete or continuous distribution of values
2.3. Measures of central tendency.
2.4. Normal distributions and Lognormal distributions.
3. Dealing with Risk. Improving Estimates. Defining Exploration Risk.
3.1. Discriminating Facts from Opinions. Subjective Probability.
3.2. How to improve estimates. The value of data and knowledge.
3.3. Defining Geological/Technical Risk Variables.
3.4. Quantifying Prospect Risk.
4. Basic Principles of Prospect Resources/Reserves Calculation. Uncertainty on size.
4.1. Review of Basic variables to calculate volume of hydrocarbons in situ.
4.2. Deterministic versus Probabilistic approaches to size calculation.
4.3. Different Probabilistic Methods used on E&P to cover for uncertainty on size.
5. Basic Prospect and Exploration Block valuation.
5.1. Combining Prospect Risk with Size uncertainty.

5.2. Prospect Valuation. Decision tree analysis. Technical or economical success.
5.3. Multiple Prospects, Exploration Block valuation.
6. Risk Diversification. Portfolio Management.
6.1. Exploration Portfolio. Leads and Prospects.
6.2. Portfolio valuation, risk distribution and Prospect Ranking.
6.3. The concept of Expected Exploration Resources. From Resources to Reserves.
7. The New Ventures Process.
7.1. Acquiring new assets. How to assign value.
7.2. Competitive Tenders and Bidding Rounds.
Program
Day 1
Risks Associated to the E&P.
Basic Statistics.
Dealing with Risk
Exercises 1, 2 & 3.
Day 2
Prospect Resources Calculation.
Prospect & Block Valuation.
Exercises 4 & 5.
Day 3
Portfolio Management.
New Ventures.
Exercise 6.
Course Examination.
Exercise 1: Estimating Expected Value. Gambling exercise.

Exercise 2: Making estimations. Uncertainty Game.
Exercise 3: Mapping Exercise. Alternative options & value of knowledge.
Exercise 4: Assigning Prospect Risk.
Exercise 5: Probabilistic Distribution of Prospect Size.
Exercise 6: Exploration Bidding Round. A Competitive Tender Simulation.
Microsoft Office.
Megill, R. E. (1984). An Introduction to Risk Analysis, 2nd Edition. PennWell

Publishing Co. Tulsa.
Megill, R. E. (1992), Estimating prospect sizes, Chapter 6 in: R. Steinmetz, ed., The
Business of Petroleum Exploration: AAPG Treatise of Petroleum Geology,
Handbook of Petroleum Geology, pp. 63-69.

Newendorp, P. (1975), Decision Analysis for Petroleum Exploration. PennWell
Publishing Co. Tulsa.
Murtha, J. (2001), A guide to Risk Analysis. Supplement to Harts E&P
Otis, R.M. & Schneidermann, N. (1997) Process for Evaluating Exploration
Prospects. AAPG Bulletin, V. 81, No. 7
Riis, T. (1999), Quantifying the Value of Information, Petroleum Engineer
International, June 1999, pp.48-50.
Rose, P. R., (1987), Dealing with risk and uncertainty in exploration: how can we
improve?, AAPG Bulletin, vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 1-16.
Schuyler, J. R. (1996), Decision Analysis in Projects. Project Management Institute,
Sylva, North Carolina, 144 pp.
White, D. A. (1993), Geologic risking guide for prospects and plays, AAPG Bulletin,
vol. 77, no. 12, pp. 2048-2061.

Module
BOB 10 OFFSHORE STRUCTURES
Lecturer
Dr. Manuel Moreu is Professor of Offshore projects at the Spanish School of Naval
Architecture. He is a Naval Architect and holds a PhD in Offshore from M.I.T. He has
participated in all kind of projects, fixed and floating, drilling, production and storage
etc. His experience has been gained working for the Oil Companies, and for the main
Engineering Contractors.
Objectives
1. Introduction to the Offshore Installations.

1.1. The transition from shore.
1.2. The environmental conditions.
1.3. The seakeeping.
1.4. The station keeping.
2. The fixed production units.
2.1. Jackets.
2.2. Gravity Platforms.
2.3. Jack-ups.
3. Mobile Offshore Drilling Units.
3.1. Floating drilling.
3.2. Submersible.
3.3. Jack-up.
3.4. Semisubmersible.
3.5. Drillship and barges.
4. Floating Production.
4.1. Well testing and early production.
4.2. Semisubs.
4.3. F.P.S.O.
4.4. Spar and other deep draft solution.
5. The Hybrid solution.
5.1. The TLP.
6. The subsea production.
6.1. The subsea wellheads.
6.2. The templates.
6.3. The flowlines.
7. Export.
7.1. The storage.
7.2. The pipeline.
8. Support fleet.
8.1. Exploration.
8.2. Installation.
8.3. Operation.
8.4. Abandoning.
9. Planning and costing.
9.1. Production units.

Syllabus
1. The start of the offshore.

1.1. Origin of offshore development.
1.2. Environmental conditions.
1.3. Water depth.
2. The Jacket.
2.1. Considerations for Design.
2.2. Jacket, piling, MSF and topsides.
2.3. The installation.
2.4. Drilling.
2.5. Production.
3. MODU - Mobile Offshore Drilling Units.
3.1. Considerations for Design.
3.2. The drilling riser.
3.3. The motion compensation.
3.4. The mooring system.
3.5. The D. P.
4. Subsea wellheads.
5. Floating production.
5.1. From a MOU.
5.2. From a FPSO. The storage.
5.3. The production risers.
6. Export.
6.1. Shuttle.
6.2. Single point mooring.
6.3. Pipeline.
IMO MODU CODE.

Harris Deepwater Floating Drilling Operations.
Petroleum Publishing Company.
ETA Offshore Seminars.
Developments in offshore engineering.
GPC Herbich.

TIMETABLE
September-December 2014

Group A Group B Hours A Hours B
1
Introduction to Repsol
2
Week 1
Business Reps
3 30 30
Refreshment courses (Afternoon)
4
T.Zapata / F. Mustieles
5
8
BOB 1B
9 BOB 1C
Week 2
Basin Analysis and
10 Structural Geology 37,5 37,5
Petroleum Systems
11 A. Chambers
A. Racero
SEPTEMBER
12
15
BOB 1B
16 BOB 1C
Week 2
Basin Analysis and

17 Structural Geology 37,5 37,5
Petroleum Systems
18 A. Chambers
S.Quesada
19
22
23 BOB 4
Week 4
24 Drilling Eng. 37,5 37,5

25 J. Ford
26
29
30 BOB 5 BOB 3
Week 5
1 Geophysics Well Logging 37,5 37,5

2 C. Lupascu S. Winstanley
3
6
7 BOB 3 BOB 5
Week 6
8 Well Logging Geophysics 37,5 37,5

9 S. Winstanley C. Lupascu
10
13
BOB 6A
14 BOB 2
Week 7
Reservoir Geology and

OCTUBRE
15 Geology Field School 37,5 37,5

Characterization
16 Gessal
J. Prieto Fanjul
17
20
BOB 6A
21 BOB 6B
Week 8
Reservoir Geology and

22 Reservoir Engineering 37,5 37,5
Characterization
23 M. Prida
P. Corbett
24
27
28 BOB 8 BOB 6D
Week 9
29 Economic Evaluation Well Testing 30 37,5

30 G. Gonzalez E. Izaguirre
31
3
Week 10
4 BOB 6B BOB 6E
5 Reservoir Engineering Reservoir Simulation 37,5 37,5
6 M. Prida F. Mustieles
7
10
Week 11
11 BOB 2
BOB 9
12 Geology Field School 30 37,5
Risk Analysis
NOVEMBER
13 Gessal
A. Suarez
14
17
BOB 7A
Week 12
18 BOB 6D
Sub-Surface Production
19 Well Testing 37,5 37,5
Technology
20 E. Izaguirre
TBD
21
24
BOB 10
Week 13
25 BOB 6E
Offshore Structures
26 Reservoir Simulation 37,5 30
M. Moreu
27 F. Mustieles
28
1
BOB 7A BOB 7B
Week 14
2
Sub-Surface Production Surface Production
3 37,5 37,5
Technology Technology
4
Ashutosh Shah J.E.Gomis
5
8
DECEMBER
Week 15
9
BOB 10 BOB 9
10 30 30
Offshore Structures Risk Analysis
11
M. Moreu A. Suarez
12
15
BOB 7B
Week 16
16 BOB 8
Surface Production
17 Economic Evaluation 37,5 37,5
Technology
18 G. Gonzalez
N.Villalba
19
Total Lecture Hours 570,0 577,5

BLOCK II:
SPECIALIZATION BLOCK
January to March 2015
Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh

Petroleum Engineering
Reservoir Evaluation and Management
Petroleum Geosciences

General information about the School
The Institute of Petroleum Engineering is a specialised centre in teaching, training and

research with the largest PE research program in the UK.
The Institute is multi-disciplinary and focuses on upstream oil and gas resources. It was
founded in 1975 to work with the emerging upstream North Sea industry and now has
well established industrial and academic links around the world.
The Institute currently has 100+ staff, 50 research students and 80+ residential masters
students. There are also overseas and Distance Learning teaching initiatives involving
more than 300 students worldwide.
After the completion of the Basic Overview Block in Madrid, the E&P Masters students
will face the opportunity of living in a well organised university campus (Riccarton)
plenty of student facilities and natural environments:
Residential Hall.
Dining Hall.
Library.
Computing rooms.
Student Union.
Centre for Sports and Exercises.
Healthcare.
Chaplaincy.
There are four specialization programs:
PE: Petroleum Engineering
REM: Reservoir Evaluation and Management
PetGeo: Petroleum Geosciences
Depending on the background and performance during the first block, each student is
allocated to one of these programs. This specialization block covers all the modules from
January to March. After the lectures, the students will go back to Madrid and take the
Heriot-Watt examinations at CSFR.
Registration in HWU will take place in Riccarton Campus on January 5th, 2015.
Lectures start on January 6th, 2015.
Further information and links of interest:
www.hw.ac.uk
http://www.postgraduate.hw.ac.uk/pet/
http://www.hw.ac.uk/student-life/edinburgh.htm
www.visitscotland.com
http://www.edinburgh.org/

Petroleum Engineering (PE)
The aim of the course is to extend the skills developed at undergraduate level and
augment them with specialised courses relevant to Petroleum Engineers. The course
was established in 1975 based on industry preferences.
Entrants to the course will normally have a good honours degree in engineering or a
relevant science discipline such as Geology, Physics, Chemistry or Mathematics.
Reservoir Evaluation and Management (REM)
The aim of the course is to extend the skills developed at undergraduate level and
during work experience, and to augment them with specialised courses relevant to earth
scientists and engineering graduates who wish to study the fundamentals of Petroleum
Reservoir Geo-engineering.
The course was established in 1993. It was developed from innovative research, within
the Institute, that concentrates on integrating the geoscience and fluid flow
characteristics of petroleum reservoirs. It therefore produces graduates who understand
the effects of both reservoir structure and properties on the exploration for and
production of hydrocarbon reservoirs.
Entrants to the course will normally have a good honours degree in geology, geophysics,
engineering or a relevant science discipline such as Geology, Physics, Chemistry or
Mathematics.
Petroleum Geosciences (PetGeo)
This is a collaborative MSc between the University of Edinburgh School of Geosciences,

Heriot-Watt Petroleum Engineering and Newcastle University Fossil Fuels.
The objective of this MSc is to provide a thorough training in aspects of subsurface

Geology, Geophysics and Geo-engineering, which relate to the Exploration, Appraisal
and Development of subsurface resources (particularly hydrocarbons).
Entrants to the course will normally have at least an upper second class honours degree
or its equivalent in a Geological or Geophysical science. Depending on the career choice,
a specialised module differs from common courses.

SPECIALIZATION:
PETROLEUM ENGINEERING
Heriot-Watt University
Modules:
Production Technology
Reservoir Engineering II (Well Testing)
Reservoir Simulation
Petroleum Economics

SPECIALIZATION BLOCK: PE
Module
G11PT PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES
Tutor
DR Davies.
Objectives
1. Identify the major components of the production system.

2. Consider the options available to efficiently complete a well.
3. Understand and apply the theory behind Reservoir - Well - Facility flow modelling.
4. Examine the techniques available to enhance production from both reservoir and
well.
5. Design appropriate procedures to ensure optimal initial production.
6. Understand the process of delivering and treating reservoir and injection fluid at the
surface.
Syllabus
1. Introduction.
1.1. Role of production engineer.
1.2. Review of wellbore/reservoir connection and implications for fluid flow.
2. Well performance.
2.1. PI for oil and gas wells in steady state flow.
2.2. Concepts of flow in pipes and ipact of pressure loss components and horizontal pipes.
2.3. Physical property variation in flow up the wellbore for single phase gas and oil flow and
for multi-phase flow.
2.4. Slip and hold up and appreciate impact on flow efficiency and tubing sizing.
2.5. Gradient curves concepts.
2.6. Flowing bottomhole pressure based on assumed tubing head pressures and the intake
curve of flowing bottomhole pressure versus rate.
3. Well completions.
3.1. Evaluate bottom hole completion options.
3.2. Geometrical configurations for drilled wellbores for both production and injection
applications.
3.3. Generic operating principles for major completion equipment components.
3.4. Tubing for production/injection.
3.5. Wellheads.
3.6. Xmas trees.
3.7. Packers.
3.8. Seal assemblies.
3.9. Subsurface safety valves.
3.10. Nipple profiles.
3.11. Flow control and circulation devices.
3.12. Packer selection.
4. Perforating.
4.1. Options and advantages/disadvantages for perforating oil and gas wells.
4.2. Over balance and under balanced perforating.
4.3. Charge design and factors that influence performance.

4.4. Effect of completion and work over operations.
5. Advanced wells.
5.1. Development of advanced wells.
5.2. Improvement in productivity.
5.3. Advantages compared to traditional wells.
5.4. Multilateral wells.
6. Artificial lift.
6.1. Explain the importance of Artificial Lift (AL) for world oil production.
6.2. Selection of AL based on ranking criteria.
6.3. Electric submersible pump.
6.4. Beam pump.
6.5. Fluid driven hydraulic pumps (explain the mode of operation of the (i) Jet pump; (ii)
Weir multiphase pump; (iii) Hydraulic pump.
6.6. Progressive cavity pump.
7. Gas lift.
7.1. Describe the gas lift process.
7.2. Identification of application areas/advantages for gas lift.
7.3. Well unloading process.
7.4. Gas lift hardware components.
7.5. Gs lift completion design.
7.6. Intermittent gas lift and plunger lift processes.
8. Formation damage.
8.1. Formation damage and poor well performance.
8.2. Major sources of formation damage.
8.3. Appropiate remedial treatments.
8.4. Production related formation damage.
8.5. Scale, wax, asphaltene deposition.
8.6. Scale inhibitors.
8.7. Perforating damage.
9. Matrix acidizing.
9.1. Types of matrix stimulation techniques.
9.2. Primary chemical reactions in sandstone and carbonate acidizing.
9.3. Acid selection.
9.4. Additives.
9.5. Acidizing treatment design.
10. Hydraulic fracturing.
10.1. Productivity Increase Factor (PIF) achievable by HF.
10.2. Role of Rock Mechanics in supplying basic design data for an HF treatment.
10.3. Fracture propagation pressure record analysis to derive basic design data.
10.4. Fracture propagation models.
10.5. Hydarulic fracture geometry (fracture shape and length).
10.6. Hydarulic fracture treatment design procedure.
10.7. Hydraulic fracturing treatment operation.
11. Sand control.
11.1. Decision to install sand control during the original completion design.
11.2. Definition of sand problem in the field.
11.3. Surface equipment/operations to cope with sand production.
11.4. Sand control options.
11.5. Liner/screen design.
11.6. Gravel pack design.

12. Field development concepts and fluid processing.
12.1. Design and operation of the production facilities.
12.2. Outline production process scheme.
12.3. Components and operation of a 3 phase separator.
12.4. Fiscal measurement of produced crude oil.
12.5. Pipeline pigging operation.
12.6. Gas handling facility - NGL separation and stabilization.
12.7. Gas dehydration and sweetening.
12.8. Chemical composition of formation water.
12.9. Operational problems (scale, corrosion, etc).
12.10. Oily water treatment.
12.11. Disposal options.
12.12. Source of injection water and surface preparation.
Assessment methods
Examination: 80%
Coursework: 20%

Module
G11WT RESERVOIR ENGINEERING WELL TEST ANALYSIS
Tutor
S. Zheng.
Objectives
1. Understand the diffusivity equation and the derivation of analytical solutions related
to reservoir features (wells, fractures, aquifers).
2. Use the analytical solutions to describe fluid flow in a reservoir.
3. Calculate reservoir permeability in simple and complex reservoir geometries.
Syllabus
1. Introduction to well testing.

1.1. Reservoir depletion and the application of reservoir limit testing.
1.2. Generalized form of the radial inflow equation.
1.3. Dietz shape factors.
1.4. Reservoir damage or improvement and skin factor.
1.5. Brons and marting pseudo-skin.
1.6. Arithmetic average in calculating equivalent permeabilities for layered systems.
1.7. Effects of perforations on well production.
2. Pressure transient analysis.
2.1. Objectives of exploration well testing.
2.2. Derivation of diffusivity equation for radial inflow.
2.3. Dimensionless versions of the linear de.
2.4. Linearized radial flow equation for the line source boundary condition.
2.5. Logarithmic approximation to the exponential integral solution of the line source.
Solution.
2.6. Principle of superposition and its application to the specific case of build-up testing i.e.
The horner time function.
2.7. Construction of semi-log plots for basic ideal data sets and solve for basic reservoir
parameters. Kh, skin.
3. Late time boundary and depletion effects.
3.1. Geological features which present themselves as no-flow boundaries.
3.2. Importance of fault detection by pressure analysis.
3.3. Method of images and state the solution to the diffusivity equation for the system.
3.4. Relationship between the logarithmic approximation and the semilog plot for MTR and
LTR.
3.5. Distance to boundaries.
3.6. Identify the five basic elementary fault models log-log diagnostic plot and be able to use
derivative type curves.
3.7. Relationship between the ratio of the slopes of the MTR and LTR on the semilog plot
and the angle of intersection of faults.
3.8. Identification parallel faults.
4. Distributed pressure measurements.
4.1. RFT tool.
4.2. Analysis of a pretest record.
4.3. Supercharging and supercharging index.
4.4. RFT data presentation.

4.5. Benefit of the new generation MDT device.
5. Exploration applications of distributed pressure measurements
5.1. Nature of an unproduced reservoir at gravity-capillary equilibrium.
5.2. RFT gradient intersection coincide with the free water level.
5.3. Paleo-contacts and the concept of residual oil.
5.4. RFT indication of water gradient in a trapped oil zone.
5.5. Detection of tar mats.
5.6. Effect of oil wet rock on a RFT survey.
5.7. Geological significance of a perched contact and its recognition on a RFT survey.
5.8. Tilted contacts and dynamic aquifer effects.
6. Field development applications of distributed pressure measurements
6.1. Problem of discrimination of supercharged points.
6.2. Effect of vertical component of flow on the pressure gradient.
6.3. Theory of single phase flow
6.4. Interpretation of gradients in simple multiphase flow situations.
6.5. Vertical pressure equilibrium.
6.6. Partially communicating faults and inter-block Pls.
6.7. Relation between fault multipliers in a simulator and intrinsic fault transmissibility
indices.
6.8. Use of compartmentalized material balance for RFT interpretation.
6.9. Importance of production logging data as a complement to RFT data.
7. Reservoir management
7.1. Production logging surveys.
7.2. Integration of well test and core analysis studies with PLT surveys.
7.3. Importance of the reservoir monitoring.
7.4. Understand the selective inflow performance (SIP) technique.
7.5. Sign of infill drilling of injection wells.
Assessment methods
Examination: 80%
Coursework: 20%

Module
G11RS RESERVOIR SIMULATION
Tutor
K Sorbie, E. Mackay, G. Pickup.
Objectives
1. Develop an understanding of the role of simulation in reservoir engineering.

2. To gain insight into the value of simulation.
3. To provide the appropiate numerical techniques to enhance hydrocarbon recovery.
Syllabus
1. Introduction.
1.1. Description of a simulation model.
1.2. Simplifications and issues that arise in going from the description of a real reservoir to a
reservoir simulation model.
1.3. Description or reason and circumstances simple or complex reservoir models are
required to model reservoir processes.
1.4. Input data is required.
1.5. Typical outputs of reservoir simulations and their use in reservoir development.
2. Basic concepts in reservoir engineering.
2.1. Material balance equation for an usaturated oil reservoir.
2.2. Conditions under which the material balance equations are valid.
2.3. Single and two-phase darcy law in one dimension (1d).
2.4. Gradient and divergence operators as they apply to the generalized (2d and 3d) darcy
law.
2.5. Permeability as a tensor quantity.
2.6. 2d and 3d darcy law with permeability as a full tensor.
3. Reservoir simulation model set-up.
3.1. Simulation input - issues to be addressed by simulation, input data required, format of
data.
3.2. Simulation output - output of calculations, quality check output data to check for error
in input, post-processing analysis.
3.3. Analysis of results - identify impact of reservoir engineering principles in calculation
performed, identifiy numerical effects and impact of grid block size and orientation on
result, perform simple upscaling calculation to address numerical difussion.
4. Gridding and well modelling
4.1. Concept of gridding and of spatial and temporal discretisation.
4.2. Types of grid in 1D, 2D and 3D used in reservoir simulation.
4.3. Numerical dispersion and grid orientation and the solution to these numerical problems.
4.4. Local grid refinement (lgr), distorted, pebi and corner point grids.
4.5. Grid fineness/coarseness.
4.6. Streamline simulation.
4.7. Well models and productivity index (PI).
4.8. Average grid block pressure and peaceman formula.
4.9. Concept of multi-phase flow to calculate PIw and PIo.
5. Flow equations.
5.1. Physics of single phase compressible flow through porous media.
5.2. Equation for single phase compressible flow (PDE).

5.3. Linearization of pde for slightly compressible flow involving the hydraulic diffusivity.
5.4. Extension of the single phase pressure equation to 2d.
5.5. Conservation + darcys law in the two phase case to arrive at the two phase flow
equations for compressible fluids and rock.
6. Numerical methods in reservoir simulation.
6.1. Simple finite difference expressions for derivatives, (p/x), (p/t) and (2p/x2).
6.2. Forward difference, the backward difference and the central difference and the order of
the error associated with each.
6.3. Apply finite difference approximations to a simple partial differential equation (PDE).
6.4. Explicit and an implicit numerical scheme.
6.5. Implicit finite difference scheme applied to a simple linear pde leading to a set of linear
equations which are tridiagonal in 1d and pentadiagonal in 2d.
6.6. Structure of the pentadiagonal a-matrix in 2d for a given numbering scheme going from
(i, j) notation to m-notation where m is an ordered numbering.
6.7. Solution strategy for the non-linear single phase 2d pressure equation where the fluid
and rock compressibility are pressure dependent.
6.8. Discretised form of both the pressure and saturation equation for two-phase flow.
6.9. Impes solution strategy for the discretised two-phase flow equations.
7. Permeability upscaling.
7.1. Reason for upscaling.
7.2. Calculation ofeffective permeability in simple models by averaging.
7.3. Numerical upscaling of single-phase flow.
7.4. Effects of heterogeneity on two-phase flow.
7.5. Limitations of applying single-phase upscaling to a two-phase problem.
7.6. Steady-state, capillary-equilibrium upscaling for two-phase flow.
7.7. 2-phase dynamic upscaling (the kyte and berry method).
7.8. Upscaling around a well.
7.9. Upscaling from the core-scale to the scale of a geological model, taking account of fine-
scale structure and capillary effects.
Assessment methods
Examination: 80%
Coursework: 20%

Module
G11PE PETROLEUM ECONOMICS
Tutor
J Fennema.
Objectives
1. understand the economic concepts involved in project evaluation

2. understand the value of investments as defined within a fiscal system
3. evaluate risks associated with economic decisions
Syllabus
1. Introduction.
1.1. General financial aspects of the petroleum industry.
1.2. Nature and evolution of demand for oil.
1.3. Evolution of oil supply.
1.4. Role of the National Oil Company versus International oil company.
1.5. Financial parameters or statistics reflecting performance of a petroleum company.
1.6. Principal sectors of petroleum activity.
2. Evaluation methods.
2.1. Definition of an asset.
2.2. Evaluation concepts and objectives.
2.3. Book value and depreciation.
2.4. Market value and models.
2.5. Cash flow concept - capex and opex.
2.6. Cash flow models.
3. Time value of money.
3.1. Time Value.
3.2. Compound Interest.
3.3. Discounting.
3.4. Present value of a single cash flow.
3.5. Annuities.
3.6. Price Inflation - Money of the day.
3.7. Real terms, constant money, 2000 terms.
3.8. Purchasing power.
3.9. Conversion of money of the day to real terms and vice versa.
4. Project parameters.
4.1. Cash Flow Modelling - project screening and ranking, Maximum capital outlay, Payback
period,
4.2. Terminal cash surplus, Profit to investment ratio (undiscounted).
4.3. Discounted Measures of Value.
4.4. Net Present Value (NPV) from project cash flows.
4.5. Annual Capital Charge (ACC).
4.6. Internal Rate of Return (IRR).
4.7. NPV and IRR for acceleration projects.
4.8. NPV, NPVI and IRR as screening criteria.
4.9. NPV, NPVI and IRR as ranking criteria.
5. Government.
5.1. Importance of petroleum to government.
5.2. Resource Ownership.
5.3. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.
5.4. Petroleum licensing.
5.5. Forms of licensing agreement.
5.6. Petroleum Development and government concerns.
5.7. Definition of good oilfield practice.
5.8. Purpose of a field development programme.
5.9. Flaring of methane.
5.10. Reservoir unitisation and describe its conceptual evolution.
5.11. Field abandonment.
5.12. Taxation - petroleum revenues.
5.13. Tax-reference price.
5.14. Corporate taxation of project - stand-alone and consolidated economic models.
5.15. Progressive and regressive taxes.
6. Sources of uncertainty and risk.
6.1. Geology - concept of exploration success.
6.2. Facilities problems encountered in subsurface and surface.
6.3. Environmental issues pertaining to oilfield development.
6.4. Human failure.
6.5. Government imposition of changes to project.
6.6. Describe an example of such a process.
6.7. Taxation policy and investment decisions.
6.8. Concept and implications of demand elasticity.
6.9. Function of spot markets and marker crudes.
6.10. Oil price uncertainty.
6.11. Market for gas.
6.12. Gas sales contract.
6.13. Gas pricing.
6.14. Exchange rate variation and influence on project economics.
6.15. Risk associated with borrowing money.
6.16. Partners risks associated with partnerships.
7. Risk Management.
7.1. Sources of information to reduce uncertainty.
7.2. Transferring risk financial instruments and commodity trading.
7.3. Diversification.
7.4. Joint ventures.
7.5. Scenario planning.
7.6. Relevant information in the context of decision-making.
7.7. Simple Decision Methods.
7.8. Sensitivity analysis.
7.9. Spider diagram.
7.10. Monte Carlo and Latin Hypercube sampling.
7.11. Mathematical Expectation.
7.12. Binomial probability Function to calculate expected value.
7.13. Preference Theory.
7.14. Decision Trees and value of information.
Assessment methods
Examination: 80%
Coursework: 20%
SPECIALIZATION:
RESERVOIR EVALUATION
AND MANAGEMENT
Modules:
Rock Mechanics, Geomechanics and
Geophysics.
Well Testing and Production Logging.
Same as PE
Reservoir Simulation. Same as PE
Modelling and Management.
SPECIALIZATION BLOCK: REM
Module
G11RG ROCK MECHANICS, GEOMECHANICS AND GEOPHYSICS
Tutors
G Couples/J Somerville/C MacBeth/D Potter.
Objectives
1. Understand the lab measurements of rock properties under stress.

2. Describe and represent the geometric characteristics of reservoirs. Explain
development of reservoir shape in terms of deformation processes.
3. Understand the principles of core measurements, including sampling strategy, SCAL
and the derivation of a, m and n.
4. Understand Pc and Saturation relationships and relative permeability measurement.
5. Understand the difference between imbibition and drainage curves and their
measurement and interpretation.
6. Understand the need for corrections of petrophysical core measurements and the
relation of core measurements to logs.
7. Understand impact of deformation on fluid flow, especially the role of faults and
fractures.
8. Geomechanical approach to understanding flow in deformed rocks.
9. Reservoir Geophysics (basic principles).
10. Influence of rocks and reservoir fluids on seismic properties.
11. Seismic Attributes & Seismic Inversion.
12. Imaging and Resolution (tuning effects).
13. Correlation between Reservoir Characteristics & Attributes.
14. Acquisition & Processing (fundamentals, migration).
15. 4D Seismic.
Syllabus
1. Principles and methods of laboratory measurements (Yield & post yield behaviour of
rocks).
2. Rock Physics (Sonics properties of Rocks and Fluids).
3. Hydraulic fraccing process and the nature of well stability.
4. Rock compressibility as a drive mechanism.
5. Higher-order material descriptions (rheologies).
6. Rock mechanics principles.
7. Kinematic methods.
8. Understanding of core analysis report and core analysis techniques.
9. Strengths and limitations of poroperm data.
10. Derivation and meaning of parameters a, m, n.

11. Capillary Pressure/Saturation relationships and the measurement of relative
permeability.
12. Basic rock typing concepts.
13. Relationship of core and log measurements.
14. Relate structural features to the basic rock mechanics concepts.
15. Relate fractures and their fluid flow consequences.
16. Relate faults and their fluid flow consequences.
17. Practical uses of structural geology.
18. Poroplastic behaviour phenomenon in basin compaction.
19. Seals formation and failure in overpressured basins.
20. Stress sensitive reservoir.
21. Influence of reservoir fluids on seismic properties.
22. Significance of seismic attributes.
23. Current seismic acquisition techniques.
24. Principles of seismic processing.
25. Quantitative seismic interpretation.
26. Assessment of the benefits of 4D seismic.
Assessment methods
Examination: 80%
Coursework: 20%

Module
G11WP WELL TESTING AND PRODUCTION LOGGING
Tutor
Shiyi Zheng.
Objectives
1. Understand the diffusivity equation and the derivation of analytical solutions related
to reservoir features (wells, fractures, aquifers).
2. Use the analytical solutions to describe fluid flow in a reservoir.
3. Calculate reservoir permeability in simple and complex reservoir geometries.
Syllabus
1. Introduction to well testing.

1.1. Reservoir depletion and the application of reservoir limit testing.
1.2. Generalized form of the radial inflow equation.
1.3. Dietz shape factors.
1.4. Reservoir damage or improvement and skin factor.
1.5. Brons and marting pseudo-skin.
1.6. Arithmetic average in calculating equivalent permeabilities for layered systems.
1.7. Effects of perforations on well production.
2. Pressure transient analysis.
2.1. Objectives of exploration well testing.
2.2. Derivation of diffusivity equation for radial inflow.
2.3. Dimensionless versions of the linear de.
2.4. Linearized radial flow equation for the line source boundary condition.
2.5. Logarithmic approximation to the exponential integral solution of the line source.
Solution.
2.6. Principle of superposition and its application to the specific case of build up testing i.e.
The horner time function.
2.7. Construction of semi-log plots for basic ideal data sets and solve for basic reservoir
parameters. Kh, skin.
3. Late time boundary and depletion effects.
3.1. Geological features which present themselves as no-flow boundaries.
3.2. Importance of fault detection by pressure analysis.
3.3. Method of images and state the solution to the diffusivity equation for the system.
3.4. Relationship between the logarithmic approximation and the semilog plot for MTR and
LTR.
3.5. Distance to boundaries.
3.6. Identify the five basic elementary fault models log-log diagnostic plot and be able to use
derivative type curves.
3.7. Relationship between the ratio of the slopes of the MTR and LTR on the semilog plot
and the angle of intersection of faults.
3.8. Identification parallel faults.
4. Distributed pressure measurements.
4.1. RFT tool.
4.2. Analysis of a pretest record.
4.3. Supercharging and supercharging index.
4.4. RFT data presentation.

4.5. Benefit of the new generation MDT device.
5. Exploration applications of distributed pressure measurements
5.1. Nature of an unproduced reservoir at gravity-capillary equilibrium.
5.2. RFT gradient intersection coincide with the free water level.
5.3. Paleo-contacts and the concept of residual oil.
5.4. RFT indication of water gradient in a trapped oil zone.
5.5. Detection of tar mats.
5.6. Effect of oil wet rock on a RFT survey.
5.7. Geological significance of a perched contact and its recognition on a RFT survey.
5.8. Tilted contacts and dynamic aquifer effects.
6. Field development applications of distributed pressure measurements
6.1. Problem of discrimination of supercharged points.
6.2. Effect of vertical component of flow on the pressure gradient.
6.3. Theory of single phase flow
6.4. Interpretation of gradients in simple multiphase flow situations.
6.5. Vertical pressure equilibrium.
6.6. Partially communicating faults and inter-block Pls.
6.7. Relation between fault multipliers in a simulator and intrinsic fault transmissibility
indices.
6.8. Use of compartmentalized material balance for RFT interpretation.
6.9. Importance of production logging data as a complement to RFT data.
7. Reservoir management
7.1. Production logging surveys.
7.2. Integration of well test and core analysis studies with PLT surveys.
7.3. Importance of the reservoir monitoring.
7.4. Understand the selective inflow performance (SIP) technique.
7.5. Sign of infill drilling of injection wells.
Assessment methods
Examination: 80%
Coursework: 20%

Module
G11RS MODELING AND MANAGEMENT
Tutor
P Corbett/M Christie.
Objectives
1. Understand the concept and basis of geomodelling (includes geostatistics and

equiprobable realisations).
2. Understand the workflow in constructing a geomodel.
3. Understand the role of integration in geomodelling.
4. Understand reservoir management.
5. Understand uncertainty in geomodelling and how it is treated.
Syllabus
1. Gain a familiarisation of geological modelling techniques.

2. Understand the role of outcrop databases.
3. Understand the use and limitations of geological geostatistical models.
4. Understand challenges of data integration in reservoir studies.
5. Gain awareness of current mature field management techniques.
6. Understand the various techniques for uncertainty prediction and reduction.
Assessment methods
Examination: 80%
Coursework: 20%

SPECIALIZATION:
PETROLEUM GEOSCIENCES
Modules:
Stratigraphy and Reservoir Quality.
Petroleum Systems.
Petroleum Geophysics.
Geomechanics and Flow Mechanics.

SPECIALIZATION BLOCK: PETGEO
Module
G11ST STRATIGRAPHY AND RESERVOIR QUALITY
Tutor
H. Lever
Objectives
1. Demonstrate how the principles of stratigraphy can be used to understand the

physical characteristics of strata in a petroleum basin
2. Demonstrate how post-depositional diagenetic changes in rocks affect the
hydrocarbon reservoir quality.
Syllabus
1. Know the basic characteristics of carbonate systems and their evolution

2. How carbonate sedimentation differs from clastic sedimentation in response to
relative sea level change
3. The main features of carbonate sequence tracts
4. The characteristics of key surfaces as recognised in core, seismic and wireline logs
5. Case examples of mixed carbonate-clastic systems
6. An introduction to biostratigraphy as used in the petroleum industry
7. Know the drivers for diagenesis and the petrophysical consequences, particularly for
clastic rocksUnderstand the concepts of seismic and sequence stratigraphy and
apply them to realistic datasets.
Learning outcomes:
1. Understand the sequence of formation of a basin and the rocks and rock
sequences contained within it, for both siliciclastic and carbonate dominated
systems
2. Be able to integrate geological and geophysical data to determine the rock
sequences within the basin
3. Understand how diagenesis affects rock properties
Assessment Methods
Examination: 80%
Coursework: 20%

Module
G11PS PETROLEUM SYSTEMS
Tutor
Andy Aplin (Newcastle University)
Objectives
1. Understand the thermal and hydrocarbon characteristics of a petroleum basin.
Syllabus
1. Understand the thermal and pressure evolution of petroleum basin systems.

2. Be able to interpret a simple basin model.
3. Know the geochemistry and types of hydrocarbons and their modes of formation.
4. Know the time/temperature conditions for hydrocarbon generation and maturation.
5. Understand what drives and controls hydrocarbon migration and entrapment.
Learning outcomes:
1. Understand the sequence of formation of a basin and the rocks and rock sequences
contained within it
2. Be able to integrate geological, geophysical and geochemical data
3. Determine the value of a prospect.
Assessment Methods
Examination: 80%
Coursework: 20%

Module
G11GP PETROLEUM GEOPHYSICS
Tutor
Dr. Asghar Shams
Objectives
1. Introduce Geophysical methods for hydrocarbon exploration and production

2. Focus on reflection seismic methods (2D & 3D)
3. Review reflection seismic interpretation techniques & applications Reservoir
Geophysics (basic principles).
Syllabus
1. Geophysical Reconnaissance Methods

2. Seismic Acquisition and Overview
3. Reflection seismic processing
4. Geophysical Data Management
5. Rock Physics
6. Seismic Interpretation basics
7. Making maps
8. Seismic Stratigraphy
9. Seismic Structural Geology
10. Well Planning & Drilling Understand the influence of reservoir fluids on seismic
properties.
Learning outcomes:
11. Prioritisation of geophysical techniques according to E&P phase, basin setting, data
availability, budget & timelines
12. Basic seismic interpretation skills for sedimentary architectures, structures and map
making
13. Integration of reflection seismic and well data for existing well control and new well
planning and drilling Explain the processes of brine, oil, and gas movements in
hydrocarbon reservoirs and basins
Assessment Methods
Examination: 80%
Coursework: 20%

Module
G11GM GEOMECHANICS AND FLOW MECHANICS
Tutor
Sebastian Geiger
Objectives
1. To understand and quantify the movement of fluids (brine, oil, gas) in the subsurface
over timescales ranging from geological to human
2. To understand how the fundamental principles of geomechanics predicts
compaction, folding, faulting and fracturing on the basin to the reservoir scale
3. To be able to apply the fundamental physics of flow- and geomechanics to the
challenges encountered in assessing hydrocarbon exploration and appraisal issues
Understand the lab measurements of rock properties under stress
Syllabus
4. Fundamental physics of single- and multi-phase fluid flow in porous media

5. Principles of well-testing to assess subsurface fluid flow
6. Challenges of quantifying flow properties in geological formations
7. Fundamentals of stress and strain and failure criteria
8. Geomechanics and Structures in Basin Settings
9. Poroplasticity and its consequences for porosity and permeability evolution
10. Rock mechanics testing in the laboratory
11. Introduction to Geomechanical Simulation of geological structures
12. Characteristics of Faults, Folds and Fractures, and their relationship tomechanics and
fluid flow
13. Fundamentals and practicalities of predicting fluid flow in deformed porous rocks
Understand how measurements are obtained in the laboratory (Yield & post yield
behaviour of rocks).
Learning outcomes:
14. Explain the processes of brine, oil, and gas movements in hydrocarbon reservoirs
and basins
15. Know where and why rock deformation takes place
Explain the fluid flow impacts of rock deformation
16. Understand the challenges in setting up models and running simulations for flow,
geomechanics, and coupling between these
Assessment Methods
Examination: 80%
Coursework: 20%

SPECIALIZATION BLOCK
TIMETABLE
January-March 2015

Date Activity Remarks
Petroleum Engineer, Reservoir Evaluation and

January 9th, 2015 Enrolment process
Management, Petroleum Geosciences
Regular classes and

January 12th March 20, 2015 Heriot Watt University Campus at Edinburgh
tutorials
April 13th May 8th, 2014 Exams British Council at Madrid

BLOCK III:
FIELD TRAINING BLOCK
Oct-Nov 2014 & Mar-Apr 2015
Geology Field School. Basic Overview Block

Drilling Field School
Production Field School
HSE School & Certifications

Module
BOB 2 GEOLOGICAL FIELD SCHOOL
Collaborator: GESSAL
The GESSAL group (GESSAL E&P & GESSAL GAS) is a group of technical consulting
companies focused on geological and geophysical services for subsurface exploration
and research: hydrocarbon exploration and underground storage (gas & CO2).
Its services are supported by up-to-date technology used in: Regional Exploration
Evaluation, Basin Analysis, Petroleum System, Prospect Generation and Evaluation,
Geophysical and Geological Interpretation, Log Analysis, Petrography Interpretation,
Geological and Geochemical Modelling, Structural and Stratigraphic Analysis, Integral
Development of Exploration Programs, Reservoir Evaluation, Data Management,
Geological-Geophysical Computer Applications and Training Courses.
Objectives
1. Understand the basic review of the regional setting of the Basque-Cantabrian Basin
Petroleum System.
1.1. Regional Stratigraphy.
1.2. Tectonosedimentary evolution.
1.3. Basque-Cantabrian Basin Petroleum System.
1.4. Hydrocarbon Discoveries and Play Concepts.
2. Understand the basic concepts of petroleum system on the analysis of outcrop
observation and subsurface data of the Basque-Cantabrian Basin.
2.1. Outcrop recognition of the Basque-Cantabrian Basin Stratigraphy.
2.2. Understand the regional structure: Extensional and compressional features; Salt
Tectonics.
2.3. Understand the subsurface data (wells, seismic, geochemistry, etc) with outcrops
analogs.
2.4. Characterization of Source rocks, Reservoirs, and Seals.
2.5. Characterization of Traps and Structures.
2.6. Hydrocarbon generation, migration and preservation processes.
2.7. Ayoluengo Oilfield.

Syllabus
1. Basque-Cantabrian Basin: General Stratigraphy and Tectosedimentary Evolution.

1.1. Palaeozoic Rocks: Carboniferous.
1.2. Triassic: Buntsandstein, Muschelkalk, Keuper and Imon Fm.
1.3. Jurassic.
a) Marine: Lias - Dogger.
b) Continental - Marine: Purbeck Facies.
1.4. Cretaceous.
a) Lower Cretaceous: Purbeck, Weald and Utrillas Formations.
b) Upper Cretaceous.
2. Source Rocks.
2.1. Carboniferous.
2.2. Jurassic: Lias and Dogger.
2.3. Purbeck Facies.
2.4. Lower Cretaceous.
3. Reservoirs, Traps and Seals.
3.1. Triassic.
3.2. Jurassic Lias and Dogger.
3.3. Purbeck Facies.
3.4. Lower and Upper Cretaceous.
4. Concepts:
4.1. Carbonate platform.
4.2. Siliciclastic platform.
4.3. Shoreline facies.
4.4. Deltaic systems.
4.5. Continental facies: Alluvial, fluvial: braided and meandering systems, evaporate and
lacustrine deposits.
4.6. Salt related tectonics (halokinetic processes).
4.7. Rifting stages.
4.8. Alpine Tectonics
Discussion:
Characterization of source rocks for gas and oil, reservoirs and seals. Bunt Play, Duero
Basin Play and Ayoluengo Field source rock. Structure analysis and complex salt
tectonics areas. Age of structures and time of hydrocarbon generation. Ayoluengo Field
reservoir, Ayoluengo Play, Stratigraphic Play and Aptian-Albian gas play (Duero Basin
Play). Analysis of the basin margin section in comparison with a subsiding trough.
Structural analysis of the Montorio Folded Belt. Hontomin Play. Carboniferous and
Mesozoic source rock-reservoir-seal relationships, characterization of traps and
structures, analysis of hydrocarbon generation and migration processes, age of
structures and time of generation, play concepts.
The stops will provide a good mix of panorama overlooks, detailed outcrop analogues,
and examination of seismic records and well log data.

Program
Day 1. Carboniferous, Triassic and Jurassic of the Polientes Trough. Stops in Barruelo-
Braosera: Stephanian facies, Carboniferous source rock for gas, Early Rift Stage,
Bunt facies, Navajo 1 well, Bunt reservoir potential. Stops in the access road to
Camino-Camino: Muschelkalk facies, Keuper facies, Navajo 1 well, Inter-Rift
Stage, Lias facies, Cadialso 1 well, carbonate reservoirs and seals, Lias source
rock for oil, thermal maturity.
Day 2. Polientes Trough Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. Stratigraphy and tectonics. Stops
in San Andrs: Dogger, Cadialso 1 well, Jurassic carbonate reservoir potential.
Stop in Barcena del Ebro: Bay of Biscay Rifting Stage, Purbeck facies continental
to marine transitional, Ayoluengo wells, Siliciclastic reservoir potential and seals,
source rock for gas, fracture patterns. Stop in Olleros de Paredes Rubias: Rifting
to Drifting Stage, Middle Cretaceous fluvial facies, Cantonegro 1 well, reservoir
potential, source rock for gas. Stop in Aguilar de Campo, carbonate lacustrine
facies, Abar 1 well, Stratigraphic lateral changes, source rock for gas and
reservoir potential, seismic revision, Mesozoic extensionAlpine compression
overprint, genesis and evolution of Mesozoic and Alpine traps.
Day 3. Marginal area. Stratigraphy and tectonics. Ayoluengo Oilfield. Stop in Humada:
Faults of Ubierna and Humada, folding area of Montorio. Stop in Amaya: Margin
type section, Jurassic dolomite, Hontomin wells, reservoir potential, Lias source
rock, thermal maturation. Stop in Basconcillos del Tozo: Oil shows, generation
and migration concepts, timing, etc. Stop in Ayoluengo Oilfield.
Day 4. Poza de la Sal Diapir: Basics on salt tectonics, evaporite different behaviour in
outcrops and subsurface, old halite mines. Structural cross- sections from
Montorio Folded Belt to the Duero Cenozoic foreland basin.
Day 5. Ayoluengo Oil Field Reservoir: Lower Purbeck: Corvio member and Fm Aguilar.
Weald meandering and braided facies. Final evaluation test.
Field Trip Guide Gessal.

Petroleum System of the Basque Cantabrian Basin (South-western Sector).

Module
DRIL DRILLING FIELD SCHOOL
Collaborators
Crescent. Oklahoma USA
Objectives
1. Observe the technology used in a drilling rig, drill string, bits, drilling tools, power
generation system, hoisting system and rotation system.
2. Show the mud system, pumps, pits, screen shakers, and solids control equipment.
3. Identify the different components involved in the BOP stack, Manifold, Flare, Vent.
4. Analyze the drilling control room and alarm systems. See the Geological cabin, data
gathering and Data transmission.
5. Observe typical drilling rig operations: Casing run, Cementing, Logging, Run
Completion, Casing Perforation, Coring, etc.
Itinerary
1. Introduction to drilling safety considerations.

2. Visit different types of drilling rigs: Mechanical, Semi-Automatic and Automatic.
Recognize the main systems and the different components of each type of rig.
Special attention to the Power generation, Hoisting, Rotation, BOPs and Manifold
system.
3. Observe and understand the run-in-hole and pool-out-of-hole manoeuvres.
4. Describe the roles of the tool pusher, rough necks, company man and derrick man.
5. Look at the mud system components.
6. Mud control in the field. Visit a Mud engineering company and description of the
types of mud by section. Disposal of the mud residues.
7. Visit to a material and equipment drilling yard. Observe casing running equipment,
centralizers, casing shoes, hangers, wellheads.
8. Understand a cementing operation. Observe the Surface layout of a cementing
operation.
9. Observe a Logging operation. Log quick interpretation in the field. Determination of
intervals to be perforated.
10. Visit a Completion string running. Observe the well status, equipment, tubing, X-
Mass trees, etc.
11. Visit a Completion company. Explanation of tools, packers, landing nipples, fishing
tools, milling tools. Observe coring equipment
12. Observe the different measurements taken and its interpretation.
13. The evaluation of the module is a presentation of a system or a specific topic by the
teams. The teams and the subject are distributed the day before the last.

Module
PROD PRODUCTION FIELD SCHOOL
Collaborators
Crescent. Oklahoma USA
Objectives
1. Observe field operations, equipment spud, pulling and work over.
2. Evaluate the needs for roads to the site, well site dimensions, wellheads and
production equipment.
3. Recognize the instrumentation and monitoring systems in the field (scada).
4. Visit the field facilities; identify the different treatment units and the installations
used for secondary recovery.
5. Analyze the different roles of the personnel involved in field work.
6. Observe a metering unit; analyze the drilling control room and alarm systems.
Itinerary
1. Visit to a production warehouse or material and equipment yard. Observe the

equipment used in the wells, tubing, wellheads, accessories.
2. Visit to a field in production. General description of the gathering facilities. Observe
operating parameters, pressures, rates, temperatures, load in rods, etc. Observe
sampling of the wells. See the data gathering, transmission and follow up.
3. Visit to an oil treatment and water injection facilities. Observe the different
equipment and their control. See power consumption, chemical injection, and
related utilities. Observe manning of the installations.
4. Visit to a gas compression plant. Observation of operating parameters of the
treatment process, manifold, compressors, chemical protection, gas quality and
quantity measurement. See the related utilities. Observe the manning of the
installations.
5. Loading site visit, tanks, metering systems, and operations description.
6. Laboratory measurements.
7. Visit to an ESPs, PCPs and rod sucker pump service company yard. Explanation
about internal mechanisms of the pumps, their installation, retrieval and
maintenance.
8. Visit a Pulling and Workover unit. Observe and understand the actual operation.
Observe the tools and the equipment at work.
9. The evaluation of the module is a presentation of a system or a specific topic by the
teams. The teams and the subject are distributed the day before the last.

Module
HSE REPSOL HSE SCHOOL
Collaborators
Repsol Corporate and E&P HSE Teams

The course is taken during a week, in Mostoles, normally after the HWU and before the
Drilling and Production Schools but subject to change of schedule. The school is a
mixture of theoretical classes and practical case studies.
Objectives
1. Learn and understand the main HSE rules and management principles that Repsol
applies to all the activities in the company.
2. Learn the Upstream hazard principles and Management system that Repsol applies
to all the E&P activities.
3. Learn the Environmental Impact Assessment in Repsol as a company.
4. Learn the Social and Environmental Impacts in Upstream operations.
5. Learn about the Repsol HSE culture, corporate responsibility, incident management
system, oil spill modelling and the personal protective equipment used in drilling and
production operations.
Itinerary
1. Repsol HSE Policies. Risk Management in Repsol.

2. Upstream Hazard Principles. HAZID. Upstream Hazard Management Bow Tie. Bow-
Tie practical exercise.
3. Environmental impact Assessment in Repsol. Social and Environmental Impacts in
Upstream operations. Case studies: Jungle operations (Block 16, Ecuador).
4. Corporate Responsibility. Incident Management GAMA.
5. Oil Spill Modelling + practical exercise (external provider).
6. Accident Investigation. Upstream application (HGI)
7. Case Study: Applied HSE in Seismic projects.
8. Case Study: Applied HSE in Drilling projects.
9. Safety and Environmental Management Systems in Repsol. Upstream HSE system
and relevant procedures.
10. Case Study: Applied HSE in Production projects.
11. HSE Culture and stop Program (Personal Protective Equipment).
A test will be done to evaluate the course results.

Module
HSE HSE CERTIFICATES FIELD SCHOOL
Objectives
1. Obtain the main certificates needed to obtain access to the Repsol Installations
worldwide (Seismic Acquisition, Drilling Operations, Production Operations, Offshore
operations, Helicopter Transport, H2S hazard induction)
Itinerary
1. Bosiet Certificate (Basic offshore safety induction and emergency training- include
HUET & Ebs).
2. H2S Induction course.

BLOCK IV:
TEAM PROJECT BLOCK
CSFR Madrid
May to July 2015

Overview
The purpose of the team project is to develop and consolidate the level of knowledge
acquired in class through a multidisciplinary work team. Students will use real data from
an E&P company database, and will establish, based on the information provided, a
geological model, build up one or more development scenarios, suggest different future
exploration strategies and recommend commercial options, within a given economic
context and environmental scenario. Specific project goals will be established in the
Project Guide later on.
The project is conceptually simple and involves the use of pre-selected data. Students
are not expected to find complex solutions, but to consolidate basic concepts and
knowledge within the framework of the generally accepted principles of exploration and
production.
Use of real E&P data
The data will be taken from a field, in which the petroleum system can be easily
established. The database is extensive and complete, and covers all relevant aspects in
exploration and production. It includes:
Geological reports. Fluids Laboratory analysis reports
Seismic data. (PVT).
Drilling reports. Surface facilities schematics.
Well logs. Production history.
Core analysis. Previous Field Development
Plans.
BHT and BHP measurements.
RFT data.
This data is delivered in several formats in order to get the students familiarized with a
wide range of sources during the project, and face similar challenges as they would in
their professional life.
Objectives
Students will have to deliver by the end of the block, their own development plan
introducing the technical and economic strategy to increase the recovery factor from
the field.
By the end of the project, each team should have delivered a report and make a
presentation to a board of experts acting like a board of directors from the company.
The proposed development plan shall include:
Description of the regional geology and petroleum system.
Maps in depth and time.
Estimation of volumetric: Oil in place, Oil Water Contact, Recoverable Reserves.
Static model: Reservoir properties.
Dynamic model: Reservoir simulation.
Drilling campaign.
Surface facilities required.
Production decline analysis.

Development strategy.
Economical evaluation.
The project lasts 10 weeks.
Multidisciplinary teams
The students are organized in multidisciplinary teams, according to their background,

specialization and professional experience as: Geologists, Geophysicists, Reservoir
Engineers, Drilling Engineers and Production Engineers.
The team must choose a Team Leader who will be in charge of the coordination of all
the members activities as well as acting on their behalf at special meetings with
consultants and coordinators.
The different tasks related to the completion of the project shall be reassigned within
the team thus each member of the group is responsible for a different area of
investigation.
Assessment
By the end of the project, each team will present their results to a Board of Experts
acting like a Board of Directors from an E&P company. Their grades weight 50% of the
final mark from the block and will be the same for all team members.
The 30% of the final mark will be given by the coordinators of the project, who will
continuously evaluate the performance of the teams. They will also hold preliminary
evaluation meetings through the project.
Finally, 20% of the final mark will be given by each student, evaluating the commitment
and results obtained by their team members.
Technical software
The software used for seismic interpretation, property modelling, reservoir simulation,
drilling plan, economic analysis, etc. available in CSFR is the same that is used in Repsol
in its everyday operations. As the licenses available are intended for academic purposes
only, the use of the software specific for the project will be limited to the project
timeframe.
Specialists from Repsol, and sometimes from the software builders, will teach the
proper use of these tools in tutorials. Students will be recommended to take the
tutorials, but the final decision on this recalls on each group.
The offer of places for these tutorials will be limited on the number of licenses available
in each case. For instance, GeoFrame (for static modelling) will be available for two users
per group (Geologist and Geophysicist) but Landmark (Drilling) will be available only for
one user per group.
Tutorials
Apart from training in specific tools for use in the project, other key areas will be
developed during this term. They will be taught in one-week tutorials.
These tutorials will not be assessed by the means of an examination, but will be
considered in the final mark for the project.

TUTORIALS
Team Project Block

Activity Tutor
Regional Settings and Description of the Basin H. Gonzalez
Correlations (WellPix) F. Molina
Reservoir Engineering Data Room E. Izaguirre
Seismic Interpretation (CHARISMA) J. Franques
Seismic QA/QC, Mapping and Gridding A. Arrieta
Seismic Time to Depth Conversion/Synthetics A. Arrieta
MBAL - PROSPER - GAP (Integrated Production Management) Petex
Basic Drilling Technology Petroskills
Drilling Planning: Compass, WellPlan R. Martin
Petrophysical Applications Khalid El Jaafari
Surface Facilities Modelling: Hysys J.E. Gomis
Phase I Meeting AST/JIT
Property Modelling with Petrel J. Prieto Fanjul
Offshore Installations M. Moreu
Cost Estimation C. Lopez
Reservoir Simulation: ECLIPSE F. Mustieles
Economics G. Gonzalez
Phase II Meeting AST/JIT
HSE Fundamentals for Offshore / Onshore Projects O. del Rio
Project Dissertation Board
Project Review AST/JIT

TEAM PROJECT BLOCK
Tutorial
SOFT SKILLS COMPETENCIES (SOFT SKILLS)
Tutor
Personal Development Soft Skills
Objectives
To develop competencies and train on personal skills in order to perform better in the
workplace; either individually or in teamwork. Encouraging self-development and
professional career growth. Program subject to changes in topics and schedule.
Contents
1. Self-development: learning and integration.

3. Organizing own timetables for work.
4. Interpersonal communication.
5. Reports handling (do report; present reports).
6. Team work and meetings.
7. Decisions making.
8. Negotiating.

PROJECT TIMETABLE
May-July 2015

Master in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production
Team Project Block - Preliminary Schedule Program 2014-2015
May June July

Activity Tutor 18 19 20 21 22 25 26 27 28 29 1 2 3 4 5 8 9 10 11 12 15 16 17 18 19 22 23 24 25 26 29 30 1 2 3 6 7 8 9 10 13 14 15 16 17 20 21 22 23 24
Personal Development Soft Skills
Project Kick Off Master Directors
Regional Settings and Description of the Basin M.Esteban
Well logs, data loading and correlations in Wellpix and IP K. El Jaafari
Reservoir Engineering ( PVT, MDT and Well Test) E. Izaguirre
Data loading & Well tie to seismic A. Arrieta
Seismic Interpretation in Carisma J. Franques
Mapping and Griding & Time to Depth Conversion J. Franques / A. Arrieta
Basic Drilling Technology Petroedge
Gas Conditioning & Surface Facilities Modelling J. Gomis
Drilling Planning: Compass, WellPlan, Stresscheck R. Martin
Petrophysical Applications in IP K. El Jaafari
Integrated Production Management (MBAL - PROSPER - GAP) Petex
Phase I Meeting Master Directors
Property Modelling in Petrel J. Prieto Fanjul
Static Model must be done
Offshore Installations M. Moreu
QUE$TOR Offshore C. Lopez
Reservoir Simulation in Eclipse F. Mustieles
Dynamic Model must be done
Economic Evaluation G. Gonzalez
Phase II Meeting Master Directors
HSE Fundamentals for Offshore Projects Oscar del Rio
Draft FDP delivery
Final FDP delivery
Project Dissertation Evaluation Board
Project Review Master Directors
Soft Skills and Assignments Human Resources DP&O
Closing Ceremony
All Geoscientist Production Eng.
Milestone Reservoir Eng. Drilling Eng.

Master in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production

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Master in

Oil and Gas Exploration and Production

CSFR Mostoles, Madrid. September 2014 - July 2015

Basic Overview Block 6

Specialization Block Timetable 79

Team Project Block 89

Basic Overview Block

CENTRO SUPERIOR DE FORMACION REPSOL 4

Team Project Block

Lecture period September 2014 - July 2015

Terms and Holidays periods

Period Start date Finish date

CENTRO SUPERIOR DE FORMACION REPSOL 5

Geology for Non Geologists

1 The Terrestrial Globe

Dr. Francisco Jose Mustieles joined Repsol Exploracion in 1998, as a Specialist in

1. Levels of Petroleum Investigation

CENTRO SUPERIOR DE FORMACION REPSOL 9

CENTRO SUPERIOR DE FORMACION REPSOL 10

Main Exercises and Tutorials

Exercise 1: Maturity Model.

This course lasts 5 days

CENTRO SUPERIOR DE FORMACION REPSOL 11

Elements of Petroleum Geology Richard C. Selley, Academic Press. 1998.

CENTRO SUPERIOR DE FORMACION REPSOL 12

1. The Theory of Plate Tectonics.

CENTRO SUPERIOR DE FORMACION REPSOL 13

Main Exercises and Tutorials

Exercises 1-8: Seismic Interpretation of Classic Structural Styles.

This course lasts 5 days.

CENTRO SUPERIOR DE FORMACION REPSOL 14

Textbooks and Consulting Books

Essentials of Geology; 10th edition, by Lutgens & Tarbuck.

CENTRO SUPERIOR DE FORMACION REPSOL 15

1. Rock Recognition / Lithology.

1. Course Outline and Objectives; Nature of a Hydrocarbon Accumulation; Porosity,

CENTRO SUPERIOR DE FORMACION REPSOL 16

Exercise 1: Qualitative Interpretation.

Basic Log Interpretation Concepts.

CENTRO SUPERIOR DE FORMACION REPSOL 17

Textbooks and Consulting Books

Log Interpretation Principles / Applications. Schlumberger. 1989.

CENTRO SUPERIOR DE FORMACION REPSOL 18

This is an introduction to Drilling Engineering. The objectives are to introduce the

CENTRO SUPERIOR DE FORMACION REPSOL 19

Main Exercises and Tutorials

Bit Selection and Grading

CENTRO SUPERIOR DE FORMACION REPSOL 20

Drilling Data Handbook, Ed. Technip - IFP. Halliburton Table.

CENTRO SUPERIOR DE FORMACION REPSOL 21

CENTRO SUPERIOR DE FORMACION REPSOL 22

Main Exercises and Tutorials

Various simple exercises.

CENTRO SUPERIOR DE FORMACION REPSOL 23

This course lasts 5 days.

CENTRO SUPERIOR DE FORMACION REPSOL 24

Avseth, P., Mukerji, T., and Mavko, G. Quantitative seismic interpretation:

CENTRO SUPERIOR DE FORMACION REPSOL 25

Dr. Patrick Corbett is Professor of Petroleum Engineering in the Petroleum Engineering

1. Become acquainted with the controls of deposition on the properties and

CENTRO SUPERIOR DE FORMACION REPSOL 26

Main Exercises and Tutorials

Layercake reservoir correlation.