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PREAMBLE
This Guideline for Final Year Project Report Handbook has been prepared to help the students who
are undertaking Final Year Project (FYP) as a partial requirement to be awarded as Bachelor of
Manufacturing Engineering (Hons.) at Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Teknikal
Malaysia Melaka (UTeM)
The handbook is design to guide the students to produce a good FYP report. A well written report
will demonstrate the students ability to present his FYP findings in a consistent manner according to
the given instructions. The authors hope that this handbook will be the students most loyal
companion during the writing phases of FYP1 and FYP2 period. Students are duly responsible to
prepare the report in the required format and submitting it within the stipulated time period.
Remember to give proper credit to all work that is not strictly your own by using the correct citing
and referencing format according to guidelines as given in this handbook.
Good luck!
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL INFORMATION
Final Year Project (FYP) is a research-oriented project carried out during final year of
the degree program of Manufacturing Engineering is a part of compulsory components
toward the awarding of Bachelor Degrees.
This guidelines book is intended to outline the important information, rule and
regulation and should be use during the duration of the undertaken project in order to fulfil
the requirements as dictated by Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering (FKP) and University
Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM).
1.2 MISSION
1.3 OBJECTIVES
1.4.1 FYP I
1.4.2 FYP II
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1.5 ADMINISTRATION OF FYP
FYP Committee is an association set up to govern all matters concerning FYP. It has
missions, roles, responsibilities, policy, memberships and its own authorities. All
administrative affairs are operated according to the rules and guidelines as regulated by FKP.
FYP committee is chaired and supervised by the Dean of FKP.
(a) FYP is a two semester duration project based subject, consists of two parts; which are
FYP I and FYP II, as indicated in Table 1
Table 1: Subjects and FYP codes.
Subject Code Credit Hour
FYP I BMFG 4932 2
FYP II BMFG 4924 4
(b) FYP I is registered in semester 7 (fourth year Semester 1). In this semester, students
should complete first stage of the project section consisting of Introduction, Literature
Review and Research Methodology of the registered project.
(c) FYP II is a continuation of research from FYP I, thus, it shall be carried out upon
completion of FYP I. In FYP II, students should completed the results and findings
and propose the conclusion of the registered project.
(a) Students must register their FYP title using the Bachelor Degree Project Title
Form during the first week of Semester 7 (Fourth Year Semester 1).
(b) For students whom repeating (UM) FYP I, they may choose to continue with the same
titles/ supervisors, or undertaken a new titles/ supervisors, by referring to titles offered
by the supervisors (the process is similar to process for new registration) during the
current term.
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(c) Students whom intend to improve or change the Project Titles for FYP I or FYP II
have to complete Bachelor Project Amendments Form. Any changes have to be
carried out within 3 weeks after the registration date.
(d) Students whom intend to change the project supervisors are required to discuss with
the current supervisors and complete the Bachelor Project Amendments Form.
(e) Student whom failed in FYP II shall repeat the projects by using the same project
titles and supervisor. The repeated subject category (UM) must be used during
registration of subjects at Academic Administration Section (BPA), UTeM.
(f) Student are strictly prohibited to withdraw FYP I and FYP II prior the fifth week.
(g) Nevertheless, student are allowed to withdraw FYP I or FYP II by informing the
supervisors and by completing the withdraw subject form within the time given as
stated by the university (during duration of Week 5 Week 12).
(h) Student whom withdrew their FYP I, their registered title will be cancelled and they
must repeat the procedure stated in (a).
(I) Student whom withdrew from FYP II, they have to continue the research using the
same titles/ supervisors.
(j) For student whom decided to change Titles/ Fields or Supervisor of FYP II, they are
required to repeat the FYP I with a new title in the current semester.
(k) During the implementation of FYP, all students are subjected to the rules and
regulation set by FKP.
The research title of the FYP must relate to the manufacturing engineering research
field. Please refer to the Table 2 for the details on specific FYP fields. Proposals for the FYP
titles can be forwarded by:
The Bachelor Degree Project Title Form must be completed by the supervisor for
approval at department level. All titles accepted at faculty level will be displayed in
FKP/FYP website within 2 weeks prior to the start of the new academic semester.
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Table 2: Specific FYP fields according to departments.
No. Department Fields
Computer Aided Design / Computer Aided Manufacturing/
1 Manufacturing Design Computer Aided Engineering Systems, Reverse Engineering,
Concurrent Engineering and Product Design and Development.
Robotics, Mechatronics, Control System, Computer Integrated
Manufacturing, Virtual and Reality, Automation System and
2 Robotics and Automation
Work Place Simulation, human-robot interaction and
rehabilitation robotics.
Productivity Improvement (Simulation, Work Measurement,
Manufacturing Ergonomics, Lean), Production and Control (MRP,ERP &
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Management Inventory), Quality Management (Quality Control, DoE,
TQM), Occupational Safety and Health, Optimization (OR).
Manufacturing Technology, Processes and System, Advanced
4 Manufacturing Process
Manufacturing.
Composite, Material Processing Metallurgy, Advanced
5 Engineering Materials Materials, Ceramic Engineering, Polymer Engineering,
Corrosion, Surface Engineering and Magnetic Materials.
(a) Management and implementation of FYP are the students responsibilities under
supervision of a supervisor/s which begin from the date of registration of the FYP
titles until the bounded reports are delivered.
(b) Management and implementation of FYP by a student must be guided by its title,
objectives, and research scopes. Every student is responsible to clearly understand, in
detail, the tasks that need to be done during the implementation of FYP. Discussions
in early stages are vital in this matter.
(c) Students are required to attend the first meetings with supervisors within the first
week of Semester 7. Students are also recommend to meet and discuss with the
respective supervisors before the semester starts. In addition, weekly meetings are
compulsory. Each student is required to attend a meetings with supervisors with/ or
co-supervisors at least once a week or according to mutual agreements with the
supervisors. Supervisors have the authority to fail or advise students to withdraw their
FYP if they do not fulfil the objectives of the meetings without any reason.
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1.9.2 Log Books
(a) It is compulsory for each student taking FYP I to own a Log Book which can be
purchased from FKP General Office during the first week of the semester. The Log
Book is a book specifically used to record all activities done by each student during
the period of FYP.
(b) It is compulsory for students to record any activity regarding the progress of the
meeting with supervisor and it must be weekly verified by the supervisors at the end
of each meeting.
(c) Details that need to be recorded/ written in the Log Books are:
I) Titles, objectives and scopes of FYP (in the front section of the Log Books).
ii) List of activities which need to be accomplished during FYP and the details of
the research plans for each semester.
iii) Research methodology which will be or have been done.
iv) Notes, data, results (either experimental observations that have been made) etc.
v) Sketches of experimental apparatus and equipment, early designs and ideas/
facts that may be useful for future references.
vi) Notes or remarks produced from reference books, meetings with supervisors or
anyone who has been referred to.
vii) All records that may be related and useful.
(d) Log Book needs to be submitted to the supervisor in week 10 for evaluation.
(a) Each student needs to write & produce in detail a technical/ project research report
according to methods, formats or standards of report writing as conformed by FKP.
(b) FYP reports are divided into two sections which are called FYP I Report and FYP II
Report for Semester I (BMFG 4932) and Semester II (BMFG 4924), respectively.
Contents for both reports have to be distinct and separated, but contents of the Final
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Reports must be the compilations of FYP I and FYP II. FYP II Reports are the
continuation of FYP I and differentiated by contents of chapters.
(c) Planning and establishments of FYP I Reports and FYP II Reports have to be done by
each student, in stages (section by section) in line or according to project/ research
progress. Early discussions, teachings and guidance in providing content for drafts for
each main titles, sub-topics or sections, and chapters are best done between students
and supervisors from time to time prior to actual writings.
(d) Normally, FYP I and FYP II reports need to be submitted to supervisors and
examiners in Week 14 of each semester. Meanwhile, drafts of reports are referred to
supervisors for improvements, a few weeks before. Students are required to make a
correction as proposed by examiners, supervisors and exposition panels prior to
verification from supervisors for hard cover binding.
(e) Supervisors will only sign, once when they are satisfied with the changes of report
contents provided and the suitability of the binding formats after hard cover binding.
(Supervisors are asked to make verifications only after hard cover binding and they
have the rights to ask for adjustments for any unfulfilled matters).
1.9.4 Penalty
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1.10 FYP EVALUATION
FYP evaluation is based on the students achievement and ability to fulfil the FYP
throughout the semester. The marking scheme for both FYP I and FYP II are tabulated in
Table 3.
(a) Please refer to FKP website (FYP evaluation form) for the details and marking criteria
for the elements in Table 3.
(b) The supervisor will evaluate the report and the general conducts of FYP.
(c) The examiner evaluates the report and presentation of the students.
(d) For FYP titles with co-supervisors, the main supervisor shall fill in the evaluation
forms based on the established consensus.
(e) Students need to submit the Log book (Week 10) and draft of FYP report (Week 13)
to their respective supervisors in every semester.
I) Necessary action shall be taken against students who are unable to submit within
the stipulated time. The exception is only given for health reasons (with justified
proof from doctor / clinic / hospital) or other acceptable reasons.
(g) FYP results may be suspended due to:
I) the FYP hardcover reports submitted by the students DO NOT COMPLY with
the writing format & the regulation standard set by FKP.
ii) The FYP hardcover report is not validated or does not bear the supervisors
signature.
iii) The FYP hardcover report is not submitted on the dateline given by FKP.
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10.1.1 Evaluation of FYP Report
(a) Both FYP I and FYP II reports need to be submitted to the supervisor at the end of
each respective semester. FYP I report should include the introduction of the research
title, problem statement, objectives, project scopes, literature review and research
methodology that covers problem solving methods, equipment and procedures.
(b) FYP II report is a continuation of FYP I report. This report includes all the contents in
FYP I and also the aspects of research results, graphs, charts, diagrams, appendices,
results analysis, discussion, conclusion, recommendation and sustainability element.
(c) Students are encouraged to highlight the potential of commercialization or practical
applications (entrepreneurship elements) of the ongoing project in the FYP II report as
it will be evaluated.
(d) The contents covered in FYP I & FYP II are subjective to the type or nature of the
project itself. Therefore, it is important for each student to obtain a consensus with the
respective supervisors regarding the report contents and planning before the writing
process commences.
Presentation is another important aspect of FYP evaluation. It is also a medium for the
faculty to observe and evaluate the students ability and skills to present their project findings
orally and their attitude as a future engineer. The objectives of FYP presentations are:
(a) To train the students in presenting the output and suggestions of a technical or
scientific study orally through successful presentation techniques, speech
communication, and the utilization of audio visual equipment
(b) To create opportunities for other parties other than the respective project supervisors
to exchange ideas and opinions
(c) To build a legion of students that is skilled to present paperwork and ideas confidently
in an ethical manner in front of an audience.
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student at a specific date allocated by FKP. Failure to attend the presentation slot allocated
(without justified reasons) shall result with the FYP grade being suspended.
The FKP FYP Committee holds the right to call back any students for a second
presentation for reasons including unsatisfactory presentation, doubtful project work and
others. The presentation panel consists of three members which is all the examiners decided
by the FKP FYP Committee before the presentation date commences.
(a) The presentation timetable and slots will be uploaded to FKPs FYP website in Week-
14 of the academic week. All the students are required to view the timetable to ensure
important details such as dates, venues and time slot are not being missed out.
(b) The allocated time for each presentation is 20 minutes for every student. This
comprises of 10 minutes of project presentation and the next 10 minutes for the
question and answer session between the panels and the student.
(c) Students must be neat and properly attired for the presentation and complies with the
guidelines of student attire set by UTeM.
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1.11.3 FYP II Oral Presentation
Note:
The criteria given above for both FYP I and FYP II presentation, serve only as guidelines. The
content and arrangement for each project may differ according to the nature or type of the project
that was carried out.
(a) FYP hardcover report (complete with the supervisors signature) with 2 CD copies of
the report in softcopy format must be submitted to the General Office, FKP in 21 days
after the last date of the project presentation.
(b) As a verification of submission, students need to sign on the validation form provided
by FKP.
(c) The hardcover copy (with a softcopy CD pasted inside the front back cover) is meant
for the Utes library collection.
(d) The other CD serves as a collection for FKP database of FYP project. It is
COMPULSORY for students to use only the provided CD for this purpose.
(e) In cases where an items (a), (b), (c) and (d) are not complied, the FYP results shall be
suspended.
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(f) Another hardcover copy (with a softcopy CD) MUST be submitted to the supervisor
if students are requested to do so.
(a) The FKP FYP Committee serves the right to re-evaluate any FYP work that is deemed
necessary based on any specific reasons. The FYP Committee is also entitled to invite
or call upon any academic staffs to re-evaluate the specified FYP report.
(b) The FKP FYP Committee has the authority to suggest suitable actions to be taken
against students involved in any form of misconduct including PLAGIARISM
(c) FKP has the absolute supremacy to make any changes or terminate any parts of this
manual that is deemed necessary from time to time.
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CHAPTER 2: GENERAL REQUIREMENT OF A FYP REPORT
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 LANGUAGE
The FYP report should be written in English. There should be consistency in the use
of the language, especially the spelling style (American or British), throughout the report.
Roman alphabet should be used unless otherwise required by the discipline.
Printing should be done on a letter-quality or laser printer. Only the original word-
processed copy of a report or its good and clean photocopies will be accepted. The submitted
copy should be free of materials used to correct mistakes such as correcting fluid.
The number of pages is subject to the study programs and should not exceed 100
pages, excluding tables, figures and appendices. A written permission from Head of FYP
Committee must be obtained if the pages of the report exceed 100 pages. The student should
provide strong justifications to support his/her request.
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2.3.2 Page Layout
The text should be presented in portrait layout. Landscape layout may be used for
figures and table.
White A4 size (210 mm x 297 mm) paper (80 grams) or paper of equivalent quality
should be used. The student should include an extra blank sheet at the front and back of the
FYP report. Photocopies of the report must also be on similar quality paper.
The text of the FYP report, including headings, page numbers, must be formatted
using Time New Roman font only. The font size should be a 12-point and should not be
scripted or italicized except for scientific names and terms in a different language. Bold print
may be used for headings. Text in the tables and figures not be lesser than 10-point. The font
size for the tables and figures caption must be 11-point. Meanwhile Footnotes should be 8-
point of the font size.
2.3.5 Margins
The left margin should be at 30 mm (1.18) and the right, top and bottom margins at
25 mm (0.98). Margin specifications are meant to facilitate binding and trimming.
2.3.6 Spacing
The report should only be typed on one side of the page. The text should be typed 1.5-
spaced throughout, including equations, long quotations, appendices, headings, and
subheading. However, legends, captions or keys to tables, figures, or label in a table or figure
should be single-spaced.
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2.3.7 Pagination
All pages should be numbered consecutively throughout the report, including pages
containing tables, figures and appendices, centrally at bottom margin. Page numbers should
appear by themselves and should not be placed in brackets, hyphenated or accompanied by
decoration images. Page numbers should be retained at the centre and bottom of the page (at
portrait layout) even though landscape table and figures are attached.
2.3.8 Binding
Before making the required number of copies and binding the FYP report, the student
need to ensure that the University and FKP requirements for a FYP report has been met and
necessary signatures have been obtained and all of the pages are in the correct order. The
face colour of the hard bound report must be in chilli red (Red-530). A Buckram type cover
must be used and written with golden ink for lettering with font size 18-points, font type
Arial and capitalized. The hardbound cover must contained the title of FYP project, name and
matrix number of the candidate, the university name and year for which the report is
submitted in as attached in appendices.
Student shall submit their similarity report produced using Turnitin software to the
main supervisor prior to bind their FYP report. Similarity index below 30 % are required. The
supervisors have the right to take necessary action in the event of similarity index obtained
over 40 %.
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CHAPTER 3: ARRANGEMENT OF CONTENT AND WRITING FORMAT
Format and sample of the pre-title page is shown in Appendix A1 and Appendix A2,
respectively. Do not number this page. This format should be followed closely.
The FYP report status form in Bahasa Melayu is shown in Appendix B1. However,
FYP title can be written in English. Student and Supervisor need to classify the FYP report
either as SULIT, TERHAD or TIDAK TERHAD. If the FYP report classified as SULIT or
TERHAD, the official letter need to be submitted to Utes library with strong justification
reasons and period of embargo (Appendix B2). Do not number this page.
This page should contain declaration by the student on the originality of the FYP
report. The declaration should be signed. An example is provided in Appendix C. This page
should not be numbered.
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3.4 APPROVAL
This page should contain approval from the Supervisor. For non-engineering
supervisor, he/she must be signed only as Co-Supervisor. An example is provided in
Appendix D. This page should not be numbered.
Abstract in both Bahasa Melayu and English are mandatory. Abstract is a summary of
the entire FYP report written in one paragraph. The abstract should not exceed one (1)
typewritten 1.5-spaced page. Example can be seen in Appendix E. Number this Page I for
Bahasa Melayu and ii for English.
3.6 DEDICATION
This is an optional page. The dedication only for family appreciation only, must be
brief, not more than one page, doesnt contain any number, chart or photograph. Refer to the
example in Appendix F. The number of this page is iii.
3.7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The table of contents lists in sequence all relevant subdivisions of the FYP report with
their corresponding page number. All chapters and their sub-sections must be labelled and
numbered. The chapters are numbered using Arabic numeric, i.e. Chapter 1, Chapter 2, and
Chapter 3 and so on. The sub-section are given as follows;
Chapter 2 Title of Chapter
2.1 First level (title of the sub-section)
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2.1.1 Second level (title of the sub-sub-section)
2.1.1.1 Third level (title of the sub-sub-sub-section)
Student are not encouraged to have more than four levels (title of the sub-sub-sub-
sub-section). Refer to the example in Appendix H. Number this page v.
The list shows the exact titles or captions of all tables in the text and appendices,
together with the starting page number of each table, and must be listed in sequence. Refer to
the example in Appendix I. Number this page using roman number.
If abbreviations and acronyms (e.g. UTeM, FKP, and MOSTI) are used in the FYP
report, they should be listed in the list of Abbreviations section, even though the full names
are given when the terms are first mentioned in the text. This list should be the last item in the
preliminary section. It serves as a ready reference to readers whom are not familiar with the
abbreviations used in the FYP report. Refer to the example in Appendix K1 and K2. Number
this page using roman number.
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student to provide a systematic and well-organized FYP report. As a whole, the font of the
main text should be Times New Roman, font size 12 with 1.5-spacing.
Chapter 1: Introduction
This chapter introduces the subject matter and problem(s) being studied, and indicates
its importance and validity. The introduction is the first part of FYP report and allows
the readers to get a general idea of what the FYP report is about. Chapter 1 should be
comprised of research background, problem statement, objectives, and research scope.
However, students are allowed (with permission of supervisor) to add another sub
topic such as rational of research, summary of methodology, research question,
hypothesis, and report organization part. Sample of chapter 1 is shown in Appendix L.
Chapter 3: Methodology
This section varies from one FYP report to other depending on the discipline of the
study, and may be absent in theoretical report. It contains a description and
justification of the materials, theoretical approaches, experimental design and
methods (including statistical analysis) used to achieve the stated objectives of the
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study undertaken. In engineering this may include, but is not limited to, a description
of the methodology, theoretical development, fundamental philosophical foundation,
experimental design and standard procedure description. The materials and methods
used in the study should be described in detail. This is so that a reader would be able
to replicate the experiment solely with the information contained in this section.
3.12.2 Tables
Do ensure that each table shown in the FYP report, including those in appendices, is
referred to in the text. A table should be numbered with Arabic numerals throughout the FYP
report. Numbered the table according to a specific chapter, e.g. Table 1.1, Table 1.2 and
Table 1.3 to indicate they belong to Chapter 1, Table 2.1, Table 2.2 and Table 2.3 to Chapter
2, and so on.
Use centre alignment with single spacing for legends, captions of tables with Times
New Roman font, size 11. The captions for tables should be on top to the width of the entire
margin and prevent more than a line caption (set it justified if it exceeds more than a line).
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The source of the table is to be included in the caption. The gap between titles to the table
line should be single spacing with font size 5. All text or number in the table must be written
using single spacing at font size 10. Sample of caption for a table is shown in Appendix M.
3.12.3 Figures
As with table, ensure that each figure shown in the FYP report, including those in
appendices, is referred to in the text. Figures should be numbered with Arabic numerals
throughout the FYP report. Numbered the figure according to a specific chapter, e.g. Figure
1.1, Figure 1.2 and Figure 1.3 to indicate they belong to Chapter 1, Figure 2.1, Figure 2.2 and
Figure 2.3 to Chapter 2, and so on.
Use centre alignment with single spacing for legends, captions of figure with Times
New Roman font, size 11. The captions for figure should be below the figure to the width of
the entire margin and prevent more than a line caption (set it justified if it exceeds more than
a line). The source of the figure is to be included in the caption. The gap between titles to the
figure line should be single spacing with font size 5. All text or number in figure must be
written using single spacing at font size 10. Sample of caption for a figure is shown in
Appendix N.
3.12.4 Equations
All equations, whether mathematical and chemical, are considered text are numbered
according to the chapter. If detailed derivation is needed, it is to be placed in an appendix.
Example to write equation as follow;
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3.12.5 Citations
Any FYP report which makes use of other works, either in direct quotation or by
reference, must contain a bibliography listing of these source. Only works directly cited or
quoted in the text should be included in the bibliography. FKP follows the APA format
system for literature citation and referencing. References are made by giving the authors last
name together with the year of publication. The ideas and information itself may be written in
one of the following ways, namely by
In the direct quotation method, the words of the original author are quoted word for
word. The quotation should run into the text with double quotation marks if it is three lines or
less with the end-of-sentence period in the normal place. The authors name is written at the
beginning of the sentence if the emphasis is about the author and at the end if the emphasis is
on the idea. In paraphrasing, the original words are replaced with different words without
altering the meaning of the original information. In summarising, the key points of the
original source is presented in different words without altering the meaning. An example of a
citation that used in text as follows:
Jennisse (2016) stated that..one author
Chardon (2016a) investigated..if several papers by the same author(s) and from the
same year are cited, the letters a, b, c, etc. should be put after the year of publication.
....the organisation achieves a sustainable competitive advantage (Aaker, 2011; Cady, 2013;
Wright, 2015); hence a structured approach to planning and strategy formulation is advocated
(Baker, 2016).
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Sutcliffe and Vogus (2013) provided assistance here by suggesting.........., which is according
to Hamel and Prahalad (2014) about....
....staff adhere to contractual arrangements (Reuer et al., 2004; Castelo and Ragozzino, 2006).
...a strategic dimension associated with it (Yuhazri et al., 2007). Indeed, research undertaken
by Yuhazri et al. (2007).
At the end of the FYP report, all the references cited are listed in alphabetical order
and should not be indented. There is no need to number or bullet the references. The
bibliography should be 1.5-spacing as with the rest of text Time New Roman using font size
12. Minimum number for references in FYP report is not less than 30 references. Besides,
only 10 % from total number of references from internet/open source are allowed to be used.
An example is provided in Appendix O. The basic APA style format can be used as follow:
(a) Book
Author, A.A. (Year of Publication). Title of book in italic. Edition (if have), Place of
publication (must be a town or city, not a country): Publisher.
Example:
Kumar, C., & Huat, B.K. (2011). A handbook for postgraduate supervision. 3rd Ed,
Serdang: UPM Press.
Finney, J. (1970). Time and again. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.
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(c) E-books
Author, A.A. (Year of Publication). Title of book. [e-books] Place of publication:
Publisher. Followed by Available through: including e-book source/database, web
address or URL [Accessed date].
Example:
Fishman, R. (2005). Ceramic processing. [e-book] Chester: Castle Press. Available
through: University Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Library <http://librabry.utem.edu.my>
[Accessed on 14 September 2010].
Example:
Summerscales, J., Hoppins, C., Anstice, P., Brooks, N., Wiggers, J., Yahathugoda, D.,
Harper, A., Wood, C., & Cooper, M. (2010). In-mould gel coating for resin transfer
moulding, Proceeding of the 10th International Conference on Flow Processes in
Composite Materials, 12-15 July 2010, Monte Verita Ticiono, Switzerland.
27
Example:
Norliza, A. (2009). Dua penyelidik UTeM cipta gentian prof kenaf. Berita Harian
Malaysia, 12 November 2009, 25.
(g) Encyclopaedia
Author, A.A. (Year of Publication). Topic/title of encyclopaedia. Edition or Volume
(if have), Place of publication: Publisher.
Example:
Bergmann, P.G. (2009). Relativity in the new encyclopaedia Britannica. Vol.26,
Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica.
Example:
National Institute of Mental Health. (2009). Clinical training in serious mental illness.
ADM 90-1679, Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office.
(I) Standards
Specific Code of Standards office. (Year). Testing title. Document code number (if
have), Place of publication: Publisher.
Example
ASTM D3039, (2010). Standard test method for tensile properties of polymer matrix
composite materials. Philadelphia: ASTM International Publisher.
(i) Patent
Inventor name, Initials; Assignee. (Year). Title. Patent number. Place of publication:
Publisher.
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Example:
Sellers, R.D., Hanger, J.C., Stair, S.V., Ehman, R.A., Anargyros, C.D., & Parry, T.N.;
Andersen Consulting. (1994). Integrated manufacturing system. U.S. Patent No.
5,311,438. Washington: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
(j) Thesis/Dissertation
Author, A.A. (Year of Publication). Title of thesis/dissertation. Unpublished (degree
or master or PhD) thesis or dissertation, Name of University, Country.
Example:
Nielsen, M.W. (2012). Prediction of process induced shape distortions and residual
stresses in large fiber reinforced composite laminates. Unpublished PhD dissertation,
Technical University of Denmark. Denmark.
3.14 APPENDICES
This section is optional and will depend on the individual FYP report contents. It
contains supplementary illustrative material, original data, planning chart/ table, quotations
too long for inclusion and not immediately essential to an understanding of the subject.
All publications (in journal and proceedings) and award that result from the study
undertaken during a students candidature, and for which the student is the first or principal
author, should be listed clearly an accurately. Do not use these publications as references in
your own FYP report. Evidence need to be attached together after the appendix. An example
is provided in Appendix P.
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25 mm / 0.98
Appendix A1
equal margin
equal margin
This report submitted in accordance with requirement of the University Teknikal 25 mm / 0.98
30 mm / 1.18
Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) for the Bachelor Degree of Manufacturing Engineering
(Type your Departments name here)(Hons.)
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by
equal margin
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1. Laporan PSM adalah hak milik Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dan penulis.
2. Perpustakaan Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dibenarkan membuat salinan
untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja dengan izin penulis.
3. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan laporan PSM ini sebagai bahan
pertukaran antara institusi pengajian tinggi.
4. *Sila tandakan ()
TIDAK TERHAD
Disahkan oleh:
32
Appendix B2
Tuan/Puan,
Sukacita dimaklumkan bahawa Laporan PSM yang tersebut di atas bertajuk Mechanical and
Physical Analysis on the Effect of Commercial Aluminum Mesh in Fibre Reinforced Laminate
Strutures mohon dikelaskan sebagai *SULIT / TERHAD untuk tempoh LIMA tahun dari
tarikh surat ini.
2. Hal ini adalah kerana ianya merupakan projek yang ditaja sepenuhnya oleh syarikat
luar (Nama Syarikat) dan hasil kajiannya adalah sulit.
Yang benar,
_________________________
Tandatangan dan Cop Penyelia
NOTA: BORANG INI HANYA DIISI JIKA DIKLASIFIKASIKAN SEBAGAI SULIT DAN
TERHAD. JIKA LAPORAN DIKELASKAN SEBAGAI TIDAK TERHAD, MAKA BORANG INI
TIDAK PERLU DISERTAKAN DALAM LAPORAN PSM.
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Appendix C
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I hereby, declared this report entitled Mechanical and Physical Analysis on 25 mm / 0.98
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the Effect of Commercial Aluminum Mesh in Fibre Reinforced Laminate Strutures
is the results of my own research except as cited in reference.
Signature :
Authors Name : NICK MIKAEL BIN SULAIMAN
Date : 1 July 2017
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25 mm / 0.98 Appendix D
(Principal Supervisor) Signature & Stamp
(Co-Supervisor) Signature & Stamp
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Appendix E
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The aim of this study is to evaluate the mechanical properties and study the failure 25 mm / 0.98
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of laminated glass reinforced composite coated with gelcoat of different thickness.
Firstly, the gelcoat was applied to the mould using brush and subsequently, glass fiber
reinforced composite laminates were fabricated on it using vacuum bagging technique.
The mechanical properties of the composites various were tested by using tensile and
three-point flexural tests. The fracture behaviour of different gelcoat thickness was
observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) to determine the failure behaviour
that occurred. The flexural test was performed in two ways, i.e., gelcoat layer facing top
and facing down. For both flexural tests, composite coated with 0.30 mm thick of gelcoat
shows the highest mechanical strength. Tensile test is useful to investigate the interfacial
bonding in between gelcoat and laminate composite. The composite coated with 0.40 mm
of gelcoat showed the highest tensile strength, an increase of 38 % compared to the
uncoated composite. It was observed that an increase in gelcoat thickness increased the
brittleness of the laminated composite. From the failure analysis, failures were caused by
the delamination of matrix between the plies, while the gelcoat was still strongly bonded
with composite laminate.
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Appendix F
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Only 25 mm / 0.98
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my beloved father, Elbert Einstein
my appreciated mother, Salena Gomez
my adored sister and brother, Nabil and Rossa
for giving me moral support, money, cooperation, encouragement and also understandings
Thank You So Much & Love You All Forever
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Appendix G
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In the name of ALLAH, the most gracious, the most merciful, with the highest 25 mm / 0.98
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praise to Allah that I manage to complete this final year project successfully without
difficulty.
My respected supervisor, Dr. Mohd Yuhazri Bin Yaakob CEng for the great
mentoring that was given to me throughout the project. Besides that, I would like to
express my gratitude to my beloved co-supervisor, Ir. Hasoloan Haery Ian Pieter for their
kind supervision, advice and guidance as well as exposing me with meaningful
experiences throughout the study.
Last but not least, I would like to give a special thanks to my best friends who gave
me much motivation and cooperation mentally in completing this report especially to,
Steve Jobs for permission using equipments, Stephen Hawking for scientific advice, and
Bill gates for financial support. They had given their critical suggestion and comments
throughout my research. Thanks for the great friendship.
Finally, I would like to thank everybody who was important to this FYP report, as
well as expressing my apology that I could not mention personally each one of you.
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Appendix H
Abstrak I 25 mm / 0.98
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Abstract ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Table of Contents v
List of Tables vii
List of Figures ix
List of Abbreviations xii
List of Symbols xii
1 row, font 12, 1.5 spacing
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Sub-title 1
1.2 Sub-title 5
1.2.1 Sub-sub-title 7
1.2.1.1 Sub-sub-sub-title 10
1.3 Sub-title 13
1 row, font 12, 1.5 spacing
REFERENCES 81
1 row, font 12, 1.5 spacing
APPENDICES
A Gantt Chart of FYP I 93
B Gantt Chart of FYP II 94
C List of Respondents 95
D List of Publication Published 97
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Appendix I
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Appendix J
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Appendix K1
2 tab
gap
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Appendix K2
- Stress 25 mm / 0.98
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vl. % - Volume Percentage
wt. % - Weight Percentage
C - Degree Celsius
kN - Kilo Newton
GPa - Giga Pascal
gr. - Grain
1 tab
gap
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25 mm / 0.98 Appendix L
The gelcoat applied is to guarantee a smooth external surface and for the assurance
of fibers from immediate exposure to the environment. (all text justify)
Based on the research above, the previous studies have generally concentrate on
the performance of gelcoat as the protective layer for laminate composite (all text justify)
1 row, font 12, 1.5 spacing
(a) The effect of gelcoat and thickness on the laminate composite strength.
(I) the interface between the gelcoat and laminated composite after.
1 row, font 12, 1.5 spacing
However, there are only few studies are mentioned on the gelcoat thickness used, but not
specified on it for
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Appendix M
A primer gel coat is a specialized gel coat designed to protect the exterior of a
composite product and is painted after the product is removed from the mould. Table 2.2
show the different gelcoat thickness use by the previous researcher in different
application.
1 row, font 12, 1.5 spacing
Table 2.2: Variation of gelcoat thickness in previous research. (font 11, single-spacing)
(This Gap is single spacing, font 5)
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Appendix N
Factors to be considered for better understanding of the interface include type and
extent of bonding between fibre and matrix, wetting of fibre by matrix, load transfer
across the interface and so on. Figure 2.11 shows the schematic representation of
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30 mm / 1.18 fibre/matrix interface.
1 row, font 12, 1.5 spacing
Bulk matrix
Text/number in figure
font 10, single-spacing
Thermal chemical,
mechanical environment
Surface material
Bulk material
Figure 2.11: Schematic representation of fibre/matrix interface (Mishra and Sahu, 2014).
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Appendix O
Aydin, B., & Ceylan, A. (2009). A research analysis on employee satisfaction in terms of 25 mm / 0.98
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organizational culture and spiritual leadership. Journal of Business and
Management, 4(3), 159-168.
1 row, font 12, 1.5 spacing
Lau, S.T., Said, M.R., & Yuhazri, M.Y. (2012). On the effect of geometrical designs and
failure modes in composite axial crushing: A literature review. Composite
structures, 94(3), 803-812.
Malik, A.A., Yaacob, N., & Radzi, A.A. (2013). The effect of bi-carbon black (n660 &
n774) in polyester resin matrix for marine composite structure. Proceeding of the
International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Technology, 7-8
December 2013, Phuket, Thailand, 110-112.
Plessis, H.D. (2013). Fiberglass boats: construction, gel coat, stressing, blistering,
repair, maintenance. 5th Edition, London: Bloomsbury Publishing.
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25 mm / 0.98 Appendix P
Journal 25 mm / 0.98
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1 row, font 12, 1.5 spacing
(a) Mikeal, N.S., Qian, L.Q., Zhaoa, J.C., & Zhao, B. (2016). Fatigue life prediction of
a rubber mount based on test of material properties and finite element analysis.
Engineering Failure Analysis, 16(7), 2304-2310.
1 row, font 12, 1.5 spacing
(b) Mikeal, N.S., Sommer, I., Kunz, P.M., & Gokel, F. (2012). Preparation of bio-based
films and coatings by spraying of native, fibrous and viscous collagen suspensions.
Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy, 6(1) 75-85.
Conference Proceeding
(a) Mikeal, N.S., Sumaila, M., Amber, I., & Bawa, M. (2013). Effect of fibre length on
the physical and mechanical properties of random oriented, nonwoven short banana
(musa balbisiana) fiber9 /epoxy composite. Proceeding of the Asia Conference on
Mechanical and Materials Engineering, 8-9 October 2013, Wuhan, China, 11-17.
Award
(a) Mikeal, N.S., & Yuhazri, M.Y. (2017). GOLD madel for Strongets Submarine
Prototype. 37 International R&D Expo. 15-20 November 2016. Rio De Janeiro,
Brasil.
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