;dh mKduh

ixCIsma; igyk
fuys rEm igyka myiqj ;ld olajd we;af;a mudKhg fkdf'
fuu wdldrfha miqulska olajd we;af;a ixjykuh l,dm f'
rEm igyka ish,a, wxlkh fldg we;s w;r rEm igykg wod< wxlh Bg my<ska olajd we;' ta i|yd jk fl igyk my;ska olajd we;'
ialkaO ish,a, i,ld we;af;a iQh ialkaO tallfhks' (1 M = 1.98892 1030 kg)

He
Planetary Nebula
3 4 He C He
0.26 M M 1.5M

H H
White dwarf
He

1 2 5 6 He C 7 He C 8 He C 9

H H H

He
5M M

10 11 12 13 H 14 H
He C He He He
C
C Si
H

Fe

15 16 17 18

1 - m%d.a ;dh wjh werf' ;rej tu j.fha ;re j, wjika wjhhs' fuh yS,sh oSma;sh (Helium flash) k f' tys
CO/ Mg/ Si/ Fe
yels,Sug ,lajk w;r l,a .; fj;au ;ref Yla;sh ndysr ia:r j,g fkdmefKa' 10 - ialkaOh 1.5M M jk ;re j, yrh f.da,hla jQ g iaf:dagkhla iys;j ldnka 1 7 - f wkqj m%;sl%shd
mdrdka O;dj j eu ks i d ta ;= < 5 - ialkaOh 0.26 M M 1.5M jk ;re j,o
mSvkhla .=re;ajhg tfrysj yg.kS' jdhq wKq p-p chain u.ska Yla;sh Wmojhs' fjdfha 8 - fu;eka mgka yrfha ;%; s aj we,a*d l%uh ixjykuh jk w;r ndysr ia:r lsrKuh f' oSma;sh (Carbon flash) yg.kakd w;r wjidkfha ;rej u; rEmfh mos
lsrKuh yrhla yd ixjykuh lfnd,la (Triple Alpha Process) u.ska yS,sh ,hkh tu.ska ;rej imQKfhkau kdY h yel' uQ,jH ia:Njkhj mj;S'
>gkh u yd whkSlrKh isjk w;r l%- 11 - ;ref m%Odk wkql%uK wjh wjika f'
ufhka WIaK;ajh kHIal m%;sl%shd j,g mj;S' jk w;r lfndf,a p-p chain u.ska yhsv%cka 15 - ialkaOh 30M M jk ;re j,o yS,sh 18 - wjidkfha ;rej iqms fkdajd
m%udKj;a w.hg <d f' ,hkh f' yrfha yS,sh ,hkfhka miqj tys yrfha H ish,a, He njg ye we;s w;r ,hkfhka wk;=rej yrfh ldnka ,hkh msmsreulska (Supernova) msmsreulska
6 - ;rej m%Odk wkql%uK wjh wjika lr lfndf,a H b;sj mj;S'
th lfndf,ao isf' werf' kdY jk w;r miqj bka kshqfg%
2 - ;rej m%d.a ;dh wjh wjika fldg m%Odk we;s w;r yrh yS,sh j,ska ms mj;S' f
w;fu lfndf,a yhsv%cka ,hkh (p-p chain 9 - ;ref kHIal m%;sl%shd weKys' tys ndysr 12 - m%d:l ialkaOh 5M M jk ;re j, dak ;rejla fyda l l=yrhla ys-
wkql%uK wjhg mefKa'
u.ska& werf' ia:r wjldYhg iqrejd ouk w;r th ;rej yS,sh ,hkho werfUk w;r ndysr ia:r j, 16 - yrfha yS,sh ,hkfhka wk;=rej ldnka" f
3 - ialkaOh 0.08M M 0.26 M jk ;re m%Odk yhsv%cka yd yS,sh ia:Njkhj mj;S ue.akSish" is,slka yd hlv wdoS n/;s uQ,jH
7 - yS , s h j,s k a ms yrh wia : dhs jk w;ru jgd u~,la wdldrhg tk" .%y ksydldjla
wkql%uKfhaoS mQK ixjykuh jHqyhlska ,hkho werf'ish Wmu ,hkh is,slka
hq;=h' p-p chain u.ska Yla;sh Wmojhs' ndysr ia:r j, yhsv%cka ,hkh ksid l%- f,i ilia f' ;rej ;jrg;a ixfldapkhj 13 - yrfha yS,sh ,hkfhka wk;=rej (Si) ,hkhhs' tu.ska iEfok hlv (Fe)
ufhka yrfha WIaK;ajh by< hhs' th wl >k;ajhlska hq;= iq jduk ;rejla njgo lfndf,a yS,sh ,hkh werf' yrfh ;ekam;a f'
miqj l jduk ;rejla njgo m;af' fuh
4 - by; j.fha ;re j, yhsv%cka ,hkfhka fl,aka ,shk 100 la muK jk g yrfha
iafMdagkhla iu. yS,sh ,hkh werf' fuu wdldrfha ;rejl wjika wjhhs' 14 - fuf,i uq ;reju imQK ldnka 17 - f wkqj m%;sl%shd wjidkfha ;rej u;
wk;=rej tajd iq jduk wjhg m;af' fuh