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UNIT-I
7. Define colorimeter.
Any instrument used for measuring absorption in the visible region is generally
called colorimeter.
8. Define spectrophotometer.
The instrument which measures the ratio or a function of the two, of the radiant power of two
electromagnetic beam over a large wavelength region.
9. Define monochromators.
A monochromators used to isolates band of interest of wavelengths. It allows the light of the
required wavelength to pass through but absorb the light of other wavelengths. It contains
entrance slit, dispensing elements and exit slit.
10. What is Detector and what are the detectors used in visible spectroscopy?
Detector is used for measuring the radiant energy transmitted through the sample.
There are three types of photo devices used 1) photovoltaic cell 2) phototube and
Photomultiplier tubes.
11. What is meant of single and double beam spectrophotometer?
Single beam have only one light path. Involve three controls: wavelength, zero adjustment and
100 per cent adjustment. The double-beam design provides two equivalent paths for radiation,
both originating with the same source. One of these beams passes through the sample and other
through reference. The two beams are measured separately, ether by duplicate detector or rapidly
alternating use of the same detector.
12. What are the application of IR spectroscopy?
To estimation of organic compounds, inorganic compounds, geometrical isomerism, presence of
water in the samples, shape of symmetry of a molecules, determination of purity etc.
13. Discuss about the sources of AA spectroscopy.
The most successful line spectra source for AA is the hollow-cathode lamp.
14. What are the applications AA?
AA is useful in the determination of a large number of metals ,specially at trace levels. 2) It is
widely used in such field as water and pharmaceutical analysis and in metallurgy.
15. Mention the basic components of instruments that measure transmittance
or absorbance.
1. A stable light source
2. Monochromator
3. Sample containers for sample and solvent
4. A radiation detector
5. A signal indicator.
16. State the advantages of spectroscopy.
1. More rapid and less time consuming
2. Gives more information.
3. Requires small amount of the compound to be anlysed
4. Precise and reliable
5. More selective and sensitive
6. Continuous operation is often possible.
17. Explain molecular spectroscopy.
This is deals with the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with molecules. The results in
transition between rotational and vibrational energy levels in addition to electronic transition.
Molecular spectra extend from the visible through infrared into the microwave region.
18. Define transmittance.
It is the ratio of the radiant power transmitted by the sample (It) to the radiant power incident on
the sample (I0), both being measured at the same spectral position and with the same slit width.
St.JosephS College Of Engineering ISO9001:2008
CH6501 Instrumental Methods Of Analysis Chemical Engineering 2015-16
PART B
1. Explain the various chromatographic techniques in detail.
2. State and explain the van deemter equation in detail.
3. Explain the principle and procedure involved in gas chromatography.(May/June 2013)
4. Discuss in detail the principle and working of SFC.
5. Discuss in detail the characteristics and types of pumps used in HPLC.
6. Discuss in detail the types of detectors used in HPLC
7. Discuss the general principle underlying the capillary electrophoresis method for separation of mixture.
(May/June 2012)
8. Explain the different types of capillary electrophoresis.
9. Discuss the principle and applications of Ion exchange chromatography. (May/June 2012)
10. Explain the principle and procedure involved in IEC. (May/June 2013)
11. Explain the significant features of stationary and mobile phase used in Gas chromatography with its
advantages for the separation of molecules. (May/June 2014)
Unit 5
Part A
1.Define electrochemistry.
The area chemistry that deals with the interconversion of electrical energy and chemical energy.
2.Define electrochemical process.
Are redox reactions in which the energy released by a spontaneous reaction is converted to electricity or in
which electricity is used to drive a non-spontaneous chemical reaction.
3.What is a Galvanic or Voltaic cell?
Is an electrochemical cell that produces electricity as a result of spontaneous chemical change.
4.What is an electrochemical cell?
An arrangement which consists of electrodes dipped into an electrolyte in which chemical reaction
uses/generates electric current.
5.Definepotentiometry technique.
In potentiometry, the potential of an elcterochemical cell is measured under static conditions, because no
current flows while measuring a solution potential, its composition remains unchanged.
6.Write Nernst equation.
o
Ecell = E Cell(RT/nF) lnQ
7. What is a salt bridge in an electrochemical cell?
The two electrodes immersed in an electrolyte solution of EC cell, are joined by a salt bridge, which consists of
a tube filled with solution that is saturated with potassium chloride or, sometimes with a different electrolyte.
8. Define an anode and cathode of an EC cell.
The cathode of an EC cell is the electrode at which reduction occurs, and anode is the electrode where oxidation
takes place.
9. Define electrode potential.
An electrode potential is defined as the potential of a cell in which the electrode under investigation is the right
hand electrode and the SHE is the left hand electrode.
10.State Faradays law.
The amount of chemical reaction that occurs at an electrode id proportional to the current, called the Faradaic
current.
11. What is Voltammetry?
Voltammetry comprises a group of electrochemical methods in which information about the analyte is obtained
by measuring as a function of applied potential under conditions that promote polarization of an indicator, or
working electrode.
12. List the names of the three-electrode cell of a voltammeter.
Working electrode (WE), Reference electrode (RE) & a counter electrode (CE).
13. State the applications of Voltammetry.
Voltammetry is applicable to the analysis of many inorganic substances and for the study and
determination of organic compounds. Voltammetry is widely used by inorganic, physical and
biological chemists for non-analytical purposes.
14. How does the AFM work?
AFM provides a 3D profile of the surface on a nanoscale, by measuring forces between a sharp
probe (<10 nm) and surface at very short distance (0.2-10 nm probe-sample separation). The
probe is supported on a flexible cantilever. records the small force between the probe and the surface.
15. State Hookes Law.
F = -kX
Where, F = Force; K = Spring constant; X = cantilever deflection
16. What are probes made of in AFM?
St.JosephS College Of Engineering ISO9001:2008
CH6501 Instrumental Methods Of Analysis Chemical Engineering 2015-16