Culvert Precast Top Cover - ECV-CAL-005B

DOCUMENT NO : 1820-SA3- 00-ECV-CAL-022
DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR CULVERT

Revision No. : A
6.0 DESIGN OF PRECAST TOP COVER

Design Data
Top of road = TOR = 2.70 m
Invert level of culvert = IL = 0.75 m
Clear span = L = 4000 mm
Thickness of wall = Tw = 400 mm
Thickness of base slab = Tbs = 400 mm
Effective span of top cover slab = Le = 4400 mm
Thickness of top cover slab = Tts = 400 mm
Characteristic strength of concrete = fcu = 30 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of steel = fy = 360 N/mm2
Depth of soil inside culvert = D = 0.00 m
Clear cover = cmin = 25 mm
Soil Data
Coefficient of active lateral earth pressure Ka = 0.42
Coefficient of earth pressure at rest Ko = 0.593
Coefficient of passive lateral earth pressure Kp = 2.37
Density of concrete = 24 kN/m3
Density of soil gs = 18 kN/m3
Safe Bearing Capacity SBC = 300 kN/m2
180
180
4400
TOR 2.700
PRECAST COVER SLAB 400
1550
TOC 0.750
400
400 4000 400
TYPICAL SECTION OF CULVERT

Revision No. : A
Thickness of top cover slab = Tts = 400 mm

Dia of main reinforcement bar = f1 = 25 mm
Area of single bar = as = 490.87 mm2
Effective depth of slab = d = 400 - 25 - 12 - 25 / 2 = 350.50 mm
Effective width of cover slab = Load width + 2.4 x ( 1 - x / l ) CL 3.5.2.2, BS 8110-1
where, x = distance from the nearer support to the section under considered = 2.200 m
l = effective span = 4.400 m
As per 5.3.2.14, Specification for Civil design
Wheel load N = 224 kN (Considering that only 2 wheel loads are 112 kN 112 kN 112 kN 112 kN
applicable for the given width of precast panel)
This point load is distributed over the tyre contact area 250 mm x 250 mm
where, length of contact area = a = 250.00 mm 0.9 m 0.9 m 0.9 m
width of contact area = b = 500.00 mm
Hence effective width = 0.5 + 2.4 ( 2.2 ) ( 1 - 2.2 / 4.4 ) = 3.14 m when wheel load is
at center of the precast panel
Effective width when wheel is at edge of the panel = 0.5 / 2 + 3.14 / 2 = 1.57 m C.L. 3.5.2.2, BS 8110-1
Vehicle movement
Precast cover slab
0.9m
Wheel
a
b
PART PLAN OF PRECAST COVER
Width of Precast panel considered for design = W = 1480 mm For moment

Length of precast panel = 4400 mm
Load Calculation
a ) Dead Load
Self weight of slab = 1.48 ( 0.4 ) 24 = 14.21 kN/m
Total dead load = 4.4 ( 14.21 ) = 62.53 kN
b ) Vehicle Load ( Live load )

Wheel load = 224 kN
Total Live load = = 224.00 kN
Moment when wheel load is at center = 224 ( 4.4 ) / 4 = 246.40 kN.m
Moment due to Dead Load = 14.21 ( 4.4 ) ^2 / 8 = 34.39 kN.m
Total Factored moment = 477.3 kN.m
Shear when Wheel is at " d " from face of wall = [( 62.53 / 2 ) + ( 224 ) ]
= 255.27 kN
Factored Shear = 382.91 kN
Revision No. : A
CALCULATION OF REINFORCEMENT STEEL

Width of Precast panel considerd for design = 1480 mm
K = M / b d fcu
2
= ( 477.343 x 1000000 ) / ( 1480 x 350.5^2 x 30 ) = 0.0876 < 0.156

z = d { 0.5 + sqrt ( 0.25 - K / 0.9 ) } < 0.95 d
= 350.5 { 0.5 + sqrt ( 0.25 - 0.0876 / 0.9 ) } = 312.20 mm
0.95 d = 0.95 ( 350.5 ) = 332.98 mm
Hence z = 312.20 mm
As = M / 0.95 fy * z
= ( 477.343 * 1000000 ) / ( 0.95 * 360 * 312.2 )

= 4471 mm2
Minimum reinforcement : As per Table 3.25 of BS 8110-1 = 0.13%
= 0.13 ( 1480 ) ( 400 ) / 100 = 770 mm2
Hence As = 4471 mm2
Spacing of rebar = ( ass ) (W ) / As
= ( 490.87 ) ( 1480 ) / ( 4471 ) = 162 mm c / c
PROVIDE 13 T 25 BARS AT SPACING @ 125 mm c/c
Area of steel provided = 13 ( 490.87 ) = 6381.31 mm2
Distribution Rebar As per table 3.25 of BS 8110

Minimum reinforcement for flexure tension = 0.13 % of effective area = 520 mm2
Hence, Area of Distribution Reinforcement = 520 mm2
Use T 12 for Distribution reinforcement as of Distribution bar = 113.1 mm2
Spacing of rebar = ( as ) (1000 ) / As
= ( 113.1 ) ( 1000 ) / ( 520 ) = 217 mm c / c
CHECK FOR SHEAR (Ref. Table3.8, BS 8110-1)

Factored shear = 382.9 kN
% of main steel = 100 *As / [ b.d ] = 100 ( 6381.31 ) / ( 1480 * 350.5 ) = 2.46 % < 3 gm = 1.25
As per Note 2 of table 3.8, BS-8110-1 , vc = 0.79 {100 As / b d }1/3 ( 400 / d )1/4 / gm
vc = 0.942 N/mm2 for fcu = 25 N /mm2
for fcu = 30 N /mm 2
vc = 1.001 N/mm2 1.08
Width of precast panel = 1480 mm 560.24
Shear strength of the section = ( 1.001 ) ( 1480 ) ( 350.5 ) / 1000 = 519.26 kN OK
Utility ratio in Shear = 382.905 / 519.26 = 0.738
Revision No. : A
7.0 DESIGN OF WALL

Thickness of wall Tw = 400 mm Dia of main reinforcement bar = 16 mm
Effective depth of wall = 400 - 40 - 16 / 2 = 352 mm Area of single bar = 201.1 mm2
Height of wall above base slab = 1.95 m
Load calculation
a) Vehicle Load ( Live load )
As per Specification for Civil design, the loading has been considered
Wheel load N = 448 kN
This point load is distributed over the tyre contact area (250mm x 250mm)
where, length of contact area = a = 250.00 mm
width of contact area = b = 250.00 mm
Depth at which effect of surcharge is calculated = h = 1.95 m
a = 0.25 m b = 0.25 m
distance of point load from face of wall d = 0.125 m Wheel touching the wall face
Load concentrated on area ab
( As per " Reinforced Concrete Designer's Handbook" by Reynolds d=a/2
N
d
TOR
1
a Ka N
d / 1.2
F s=
a
h d+
2
wall B =h + d +a / 2
N S = 0.9 N N N
S = 0.9 S = 0.9
m m m
TOR TOR
b b b b
h
L1 =2 h1 +b
0.46
L = 9.95m L = Length of wall affected by surcharge
m
B = ( 1.95 ) + 0.125 + 0.25 / 2 = 2.20 m L = 9.95 m Lateral
Fs = 0.42 ( 448 ) / ( 0.125 + ( 0.25 / 2 ) ) = 752.64 kN/m
This load will act on L1 = 752.64 ( 0.46 ) = 346.22 kN
This load will be distributed on length = 9.95 m
Load per unit length = 346.22 / 9.95 = 34.80 kN/m Lateral
UDL load due to wheel load on base slab = ( 448 ) / ( 9.95 ) = 45.03 kN/m Vertical
Length of wall considered for design = 9.95 m
This Lateral load will act at d / 1.2 from top of wall, Ref. Table 20 of Reinforced concrete
hence this load will be acting at h1 = 0.125 / 1.2 = 0.105 m from top handbook by Reynolds,
and at 1.850 m from base slab
a ) Earth load ( calculated on 1.00 m width of wall )
Lateral Earth pressure at bottom of wall = 0.593 ( 18 ) 1.95 ( 1 ) = 14.75 kN/m

Total Lateral earth pressure = 14.75 ( 1.95 ) / 2 = 14.39 kN/m
Total lateral load at wall base = 14.39 + 34.8 = 49.19 kN/m
Moment due to retained earth = 14.39 ( 1.95 ) / 3 = 9.36 kN.m / m at bottom of wall
Moment due to Vehicle surcharge = 34.8 ( 1.85 ) = 64.38 kN.m
Moment due to retained earth = [ ( 14.39 ) ( 1.95 ) / 3 ] = 9.36 kN.m / m
Moment due to Vehicle surcharge = [( 34.8 ) 1.85 ] = 64.38 kN.m/m at bottom of wall
Total factored moment at bottom of wall = 1.5 * [ 136.84 + 50.12 ] = 110.61 kN.m/m at bottom of wall
Factored shear at wall base = (1.5)*( ( 14.39 ) + ( 34.8 )) = 73.79 kN.m / m
Revision No. : A

Width of wall considered = 1000 mm
K = M / b d fcu
2
= ( 110.61 x 1000000 ) / ( 1000 x 352^2 x 30 ) = 0.0030 < 0.156

z = d { 0.5 + sqrt ( 0.25 - K / 0.9 ) } < 0.95 d
= 352 { 0.5 + sqrt ( 0.25 - 0.003 / 0.9 ) } = 350.83 mm
0.95 d = 0.95 ( 352 ) = 334.40 mm
Hence z = 334.40 mm
As = M / 0.95 fy * z
= ( 110.61 * 1000000 ) / ( 0.95 * 360 * 334.4 )

= 968 mm2
Vertical reinforcement : As per Table 3.25 of BS 8110-1 = 0.20%
= 0.2 ( 1000 ) ( 400 ) / 100 = 800 mm2
Hence As = 968 mm2
= ( 201.06 ) ( 1000 ) / ( 968 ) = 207 mm c / c
Therefore, provide T 16 @ 200 mm c/c both ways
CHECK FOR SHEAR ( Ref.Table 3.8, BS 8110-1 )

= 73.79 kN for 1 m width Shear force has been calculated at base of wall, conservatively
% of main steel = 100 *As / [ b.d ] = 100 ( 1005.3 ) / ( 1000 * 352 ) = 0.29 %
As per Note 2 of table 3.8, BS-8110-1 , vc = 0.79 {100 As / b d }1/3 ( 400 / d )1/4 / gm gm = 1.25
vc = 0.43 N/mm 2 for fcu = 25 N /mm 2
for fcu = 30 N /mm2 vc = 0.460 N/mm2
Shear strength of the section = ( 0.46 ) ( 1000 ) ( 352 ) / 1000 = 161.92 kN OK

Revision No. : A
8.0 DESIGN OF BASE SLAB

CASE 1 WHEN TOP COVER IS IN PLACE AND WHEEL IS ON TOP OF WALL
Width of base slab = 7.0 m Dia of main reinforcement bar = 20 mm

Length of base slab = 10.0 m Area of single bar = 314 mm2
Thickness of base slab = 400 mm
Effective depth of base slab = 400 - 70 - 20 / 2 = 320.00 mm
Wheel load = 448.0 kN
Intensity of wheel pressure = wheel load / ( Span of slab x design width of base slab )
= 448 / ( 4 ) ( 10 ) = 6.40 kN/m2
Weight of wall at supports = Height of wall x wall thickness x Length of wall x 24 = ( 2 ) ( 0.4 ) ( 10 ) 24
= 187.20 kN single wall load
Walls are on both side hence wall load will be distributed uniformly through base slab
Intensity of wall pressure = Wall load / ( Span of slab x design width of base slab )
= 187.2 ( 2 ) / ( 7 ) 10 = 5.4 kN/m2
Pressure due to base slab = Thickness of slab x 24 = ( 0.4 ) 24 = 9.6 kN/m2
Pressure due to top slab = Thickness top slab x 24 = ( 0.4 ) 24 = 9.6 kN/m2
Uniform distributed pressure due to soil inside trench = 18 ( 0 ) = 0.0 kN/m2
Total uniform distributed pressure due to dead load

= 0 + 5.35 + 9.6 + 9.6 = 24.55 kN/m2
Total uniform distributed pressure due to Live load ( vehicle ) = = 6.40 kN/m2
Total Uniform distributed pressure = 30.95 kN/m2
Moment due to wheel load = Wheel load x [ ( L / 2 ) + ( Tw /2 ) ]
= 448 ( 2.2 ) = 985.6 kN.m
Section modulus = Z = b ( d )2 / 6 = 10 ( 7 ) ^2 / 6 = 81.67 m3
Design width of base slab considered = 1000 mm
Pmax = 30.95 + ( 985.6 ) / 81.67 = 43 kN/m2 OK
Pmin = 30.95 - ( 985.6 ) / 81.67 = 18.89 kN/m 2
OK NO TENSION
448.0 kN ( Vehicle-point load )

30.95 kN/m2
BASE SLAB
A B
4000
43 kN/m2 18.89 kN/m2

Revision No. : A
CASE 2 WHEN TOP COVER IS REMOVED AND CRANE IS OPERATING NEAR WALL
Total uniform distributed pressure due to dead load = 24.55 - 9.6 = 14.95 kN/m2
Moment at base due to vehicular surcharge = 34.8 ( 1.85 + 0.4 ) = 78.30 kN.m
Moment due to Passive Earth Pressure on opposite wall = Vehicular surcharge x ( h + Tbs ) / 3
= -34.8 ( 1.95 + 0.4 ) / 3

= -27.26 kN.m
Pmax = 14.95 + [ 78.3 + ( -27.26 ) ] / 81.67 = 15.58 kN/m2 OK
Pmin = 14.95 - [ 78.3 + ( -27.26 ) ] / 81.67 = 14.33 kN/m2 OK NO TENSION
14.95 kN/m2
BASE SLAB
A B
4000
14.3 kN/m2
15.58 kN/m 2
CALCULATION OF BENDING MOMENT
Assuming uniform bearing pressure i.e. average bearing pressure

Moment at En= [ 18.89 ( 4 ) ^2 / 12 ] + [ ( 43.02 - 18.89 ) ( 4 ) ^2 / 20 ]
= 44.50 kN.m
Moment at End = 44.50 kN.m

Moment at wall base due to retained earth = 9.36 kN.m
Total moment at edge of slab = 44.5 + 9.36 = 53.86 kN.m
Factored moment at edge of slab = 1.5 * 150.81 = 80.79 kN.m
Moment at wall base due to crane surcharge = 64.38 kN.m

Moment at wall base due to retained earth = 9.36 kN.m
Base pressure due to dead load 24.55 - 9.6 = 14.95 kN/m2
Moment at base slab end = 14.95 ( 4 ) ^2 / 12 = 20 kN.m
Total Factored moment at Base slab end = 1.5 * ( 50.12 + 19.70 + 52) = 140.5 kN.m
Factored Design Bending moment of Wall = 110.6 kN.m
Hence, Design moment = 140.5 kN.m

Revision No. : A
K = M / b d2 fcu
= ( 140.52 x 1000000 ) / ( 1000 x 320^2 x 30 ) = 0.0458 < 0.156
z = d { 0.5 + sqrt ( 0.25 - K' / 0.9 ) } < 0.95 d

= 320 { 0.5 + sqrt ( 0.25 - 0.156 / 0.9 ) } = 248.61 mm
0.95 d = 0.95 ( 320 ) = 304.00 mm
Hence z = 249 mm
As = M / 0.95 fy * z
= ( 140.52 * 1000000 ) / ( 0.95 * 360 * 248.61 )

= 1653 mm2
= 0.13 ( 1000 ) ( 400 ) / 100 = 520 mm2
Hence As = 1653 mm 2

= ( 314.16 ) ( 1000 ) / ( 1653 ) = 190 mm c / c
Hence, Area of Distribution Reinforcement = 520 mm 2

= ( 113.1 ) ( 1000 ) / ( 520 ) = 217 mm c / c

Shear Force acting at d from support = [wheel load + wall load + 1/2 (self-weight of top slab)] - [base pressure acting over the area]
= [(448) + (187.2) + ((1/2)* 9.6 * 7 * 10) - [(18.89*7*(320+400)/1000)]
= 876 kN
= 87.599 kN per metre width
As per Note 2 of table 3.8, BS-8110-1 , vc = 0.79 {100 As / b d } 1/3
( 400 / d ) 1/4
/ gm gm = 1.25
vc = 0.56 N/mm2 for fcu = 25 N/mm2
for fcu = 30 N/mm2 vc = 0.60 N/mm2

DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR CULVERT DOCUMENT NO : 1820-SA3- 00-ECV-CAL-022
Revision No. : A
11.0 DESIGN OF WING WALL
Design data and load calculation

Grade level of acces way = FGL = 1.750 m
Top of the wall = EL = 1.750 m
Thickness of base slab = Tbf = 300.00 mm
Length of wall straight portion = Tf = 1300.00 mm
Width of base slab = WH = 3000.00 mm
Clear cover to reinforcement = cmin = 40.00 mm
Total height of wall above base slab = H = 1850.00 mm
Depth of foundation below FGL = D = 0.45 m
Soil Parameters
Density of soil = gs = 18.00 kN/m3
Angle of internal friction = q = 24 deg
Coefficient of active earth pressure = Ka = 0.42
Coefficient of passive earth pressure = Kp = 2.37
Allowable bearing pressure = Sbc = 175.00 kN/m2
Material Properties
Characteristic strength of concrete = fcu = 30.00 kN/m2

Characteristic strength of steel = fy = 360.00 kN/m2
Dia. of main Reinforcement bar = f = 12.00 mm
Dia. of distribution Reinforcement bar = 12.00 mm
Effective depth of section = 300 - 40 - 12 / 2 = d = 254.00 mm
Area of single main reinforcement bar = as = 113.10 mm2
Area of single distribution reinforcement bar = 113.10 mm2
LOAD CALCULATIONS AT BASE ( per m length )

Lateral earth pressure at bottom of wall = 0.42 ( 18 ) 1.85 ( 1 ) = 13.99 kN
Total Lateral earth pressure = 13.99 ( 1.85 ) / 2 = 12.95 kN/m
Moment due to retained earth = 12.95 ( 1.85 ) / 3 = 7.99 kN.m / m
at bottom of wall
Total factored moment at bottom of wall = 11.99 kN.m / m
Factored shear at wall base = 1.5 ( 12.95 ) = 19.43 kN
Total lateral force at base = 13.99 = 13.99 kN

Revision No. : A
STABILITY CHECK
Check against Overturning Moment
Total Overturning moment = 11.99 kN.m
Restoring Vertical Forces due to

UDL due to Earth on base slab = 18 ( 1.85 )
= 33.30 kN/m
Wall load ( straight portion) = ( 1.3 ) ( 1850 ) ( 1 ) 24 1300
= 57.72 kN EL 1.75
Base Slab Weight = ( 0.3 ) ( 3 ) 24
WEarth
= 21.60 kN/m
Wall load ( sloping portion) = ( 0.5 ) ( 1.85 - 0.6 ) ( 1.7 ) 24
= 25.50 kN
1850
WWall1
FGL
###
300
WBase A
3000
Calculating restoring moment @ point "A"
Moment due to Earth load on base slab = 33.3 ( 3 ) ( 3 / 2 )

= 149.85 kN.m
Moment due to Wall load ( straight portion ) = 57.72 ( 1.3 )
= 75.04 kN.m
Moment due Base Slab = 21.6 ( 3 )^2 / 2
= 97.20 kN.m
Total Restoring Moment = 149.85 + 75.04 + 97.2
= 322.09 kN.m
Factor of Safety against Overturning = 322.09 / 11.985
= 26.87 > 1.5 OK
Net Moment = Restoring Moment - Overturning moment
= 322.09 - 11.985 = 310.105 kN.m
Check against Sliding
Sliding Forces = Lateral earth pressure at bottom of wall
= 13.99 kN.m
Total load of Earth & self weight = 33.3 ( 3 ) + 21.6 ( 3 )
= 164.70 kN
Total passive earth force force = 2.37 ( 18 ) ( 0.45 )^2 / 2 = 4.32 kN
Coeff of friction between soil and concrete, ( m ) = tan(2/3f) = 0.287

Restoring force = m*W + Passive earth pressure on other side
= 0.287 ( 164.7 ) + 4.32
= 51.59 kN
F.O.S = Restoring force / Sliding Force = 3.687 > 1.5 OK
Revision No. : A
CHECK FOR BEARING PRESSURE
Total vertical load = Self Weight
P = = 165 kN
Bearing pressure due to vertical load = 164.7 / ( 3 * 1 )
= 54.9 kN/m2
Additional pressure due to moment = M/Z
where, Z = section modulus = ( 1 ) ( 3 ) ^2 / 6 = 1.5 m4
Distance of resultant force, x = Net Moment / Total Vertical load
= 310.105 / 164.7 = 1.8828 m
Eccentricity, e = x - Width of base slab / 2
< L / 6 ( I.e. width of base / 6 ) = 0.500 m
= 1.882847601700
= 0.3828 m < 0.5 OK < L / 6
Area of base A = 1(3) = 3.00 m
Moment due to eccentricity = Total vertical load x e

= 164.7 (0.382847601700061 )= 63.06 kN.m
Minimum pressure P1 = P / A + Me / z
= ( 164.7 / 3 ) + ( 63.06 / 1.5 )
= 96.94 kN/m2
Maximum pressure P2 = P / A - Me / Z
= ( 164.7 / 3 ) - ( 63.06 / 1.5 )
= 12.86 kN/m2 < 175 kPa SAFE IN BEARING PRESSURE
3000
P1 = 96.94 kN P2 = 12.86 kN
DESIGN OF RCC RETAINING WALL ( considering unit length of wall )

LOAD CALCULATIONS AT TOP OF BASE SLAB
Total lateral earth pressure = 0.42 ( 18 ) ( 1.45 )^2 / 2 = 7.95 kN
Factored lateral earth force = 1.5 ( 7.95 ) = 11.93 kN
Moment due to earth at base = 11.93 ( 1.45 ) ( 1 / 3 ) = 5.77 kN.m
Total Factored lateral force ( Shear at base ) = ( 11.93 )
= 17.90 kN
Total moment at base of wall = 8.66 kN.m
CALCULATION OF REINFORCEMENT STEEL ( As per BS 8110-1 )
K = M / b d2 fcu Cl. 3.4.4.4
= ( 8.655 * 1000000 ) / ( 1000 * 254^2 * 30 ) = 0.0045 < 0.156
z = d { 0.5 + sqrt ( 0.25 - k / 0.9 ) } < 0.95 d
= 254 { 0.5 + sqrt ( 0.25 - 0.0045 / 0.9 ) } = 252.73 mm
0.95 d = 0.95 ( 254 ) = 241.30 mm
Hence z = 241.30 mm
As = M / 0.95 fy * z
= ( 8.655 * 1000000 ) / ( 0.95 * 360 * 241.3 )
= 105 mm2
Minimum reinforcement : As per table 3.25 of BS 8110-1
Min reinforcement for flexurel tension = 0.2 % of concrete area
= 0.2 ( 1000 ) ( 300 ) / 100 = 600 mm2
Hence As = 600 mm 2

= ( 113.1 ) ( 1000 ) / ( 600 ) = 188 mm c / c
PROVIDE 6 T 12 BARS PER 1.0 m LENGTH OF THE WALL AT SPACING @ 150 mm c/c
Area of steel provided = 6 ( 113.1 ) = 678.60 mm / m length
2
Revision No. : A
CHECK FOR SHEAR (Res. Table 3.8, BS 8110-1)
Factored Shear force = SF due to Earth + SF due to Liquid + SF due to liquid surcharge
= 17.90 kN for 1 m width Shear force is calculated at base of wall, conservatively
vc = 0 N/mm2 for fcu = 25 N /mm2
for fcu = 30 N /mm2 vc = 0 N/mm2
DESIGN OF BASE SLAB
Width of base slab = 3.40 m

Length of base slab = 6.80 m
Thickness of base slab = 400.00 mm
Reinforcement bar used = 12 mm Area of bar ( asb ) = 113.10 mm2
Effective depth of base slab = 400 - - 12 / 2 = 324.00 mm
Weight of wall = Height of wall x wall thickness x Length of wall x 24 = ( 1.85 ) ( 0.35 ) ( 1 ) 24
= 15.54 kN single wall load
Walls are on both side hence wall load will be distributed uniformly through base slab
Intensity of wall pressure = Wall load / ( Span of slab x design width of base slab (ie. 1.00 m ) )
= 15.54 ( 2 ) / ( 6.2 ) 1 = 5.02 kN/m2
Pressure due to base slab = Thickness of slab x 24 = ( 0.4 ) = 9.60 kN/m2
Total uniform distributed pressure due to dead load
= 5.02 + 9.6 = 14.62 kN/m2
Total Uniform distributed pressure = 14.62 kN/m2

Design width of base slab considered = 1000 mm
Pmax = 14.6 kN/m2 OK
Pmin = 14.6 kN/m2 OK NO TENSION
14.62 kN/m2
BASE SLAB
A 4800 B
14.6 14.6 kN/m2

kN/m2
Revision No. : A
CALCULATION OF BENDING MOMENT
Assuming uniform bearing pressure I.e. average bearing pressure
Moment at A = [ 14.62 ( 4.8 ) 62 / 12 ]
= 28.08 kN.m
Factored moment at A = 1.5 ( 28.08 ) = 42.12 kN.m
Factored Moment at wall base due to retained earth = 11.99 kN.m
Total Factored moment at edge of slab 28.08 + 11.985 = 48.08 kN.m
Hence, Design moment = 48.1 kN.m

K = M / b d2 fcu
= ( 48.078 x 1000000 ) / ( 1000 x 324^2 x ) = 0.0153 < 0.156
z = d { 0.5 + sqrt ( 0.25 - K / 0.9 ) } < 0.95 d
= 324 { 0.5 + sqrt ( 0.25 - 0.0153 / 0.9 ) } = 318.40 mm
0.95 d = 0.95 ( 324 ) = 307.80 mm
Hence z = 307.80 mm
As = M / 0.95 fy * z
= ( 48.078 * 1000000 ) / ( 0.95 * 360 * 307.8 )
= 457 mm2
= 0.13 ( ) ( ) / 100 = 520 mm2
Hence As = 520 mm 2
Diameter of reinforcement bar = 16 mm2

Area of single reinforcement bar = 201.06 mm2
Spacing of rebar = ( asb ) (1000 ) / As
= ( 113.1 ) ( 1000 ) / ( 520 ) = 217 mm c / c

Hence, Area of Distribution Reinforcement = 520 mm 2

= ( 113.1 ) ( 1000 ) / ( 520 ) = 217 mm c / c

= [(7/10)*(14.62-14.62)*4.8] + [(1/2)*14.62*4.8]
= 35.09 kN for 1 m width Shear force has been calculated, conservatively = Pmax
% of main steel = 100 *As / [ b.d ] = 100 ( 904.8 ) / ( * ) = 0.335 %
vc = 0.484 N/mm for fcu = 25 N /mm2
2
for fcu = 30 N /mm2 vc = 0.51 N/mm2

Shear strength of the section = ( 0.51 ) ( ) ( ) / 1000 = 137.70 kN OK
Revision No. : A
10.0 DESIGN OF KERB
As per AASHTO clause 3.14.2 kerb shall be designed for a lateral load of 500 lbs per linear foot of kerb.
Therefore load kN/m = 7.49 kN/m 465
Wall thickness = 400 mm

Effective span = 8400 mm
550
Cover to reinforcement = 40 mm
Diameter of reinforcement used = 20 mm
Effective depth = 465 - 40 - 20 = 405 mm
Horizontal moment due to load on kerb = 1.67 ( 7.49 ) ( 8.4 ) / 8

= 13.14 kN.m
Self weight of the section = ( 0.465 ) ( 0.55 ) 24 = 6.14 kN/m
Vertical moment due to self weight = ( 6.14 ) ( 8.4 )^2 / 8 = 54.16 kN.m
As per AASHTO clause 2.7 Railing Design Load = 10.0 kips

Railing design loading = P = 10.0 kips = 45.6 kN
Torsion due to P = [ ( 22.8 ) ( 0.85 ) + ( 22.8 ) ( 0.425 ) ]
= 29.07 kN.m P/2
HAND RAIL
Horizontal moment due to P = 45.6 ( 8.4 ) / 4
= 95.76 kN.m 425
P/2
Vertical shear = (6.14) ( 8.4 ) / 2
425
= 25.79 kN
Horizontal Shear = ( 45.6 ) = 45.6 kN
150
TOP OF ROAD
KERB
400
Reference 1 : BS 8110:2000 Part-1 Y
Z h
Axial Shear-Z Torsion Mom-Y Mom-Z

Shear-Y kN Remark Section
Force kN kN kNm kNm kNm
0 25.79 45.6 29.07 108.9 54.16 Max Mom span
Ultimate moment Mu= 54.16 kN-m (Mz)

Revision No. : A
Shear Force V= 25.79 kN (Fy)
Max. torsion,T= 29.07 kN-(Torsion)
Max axial force N = 0 kN
N/bhfcu = 0.00 < 0.1 Hence Ignore design for axial load
( Ref 1, CL 3.4.4.1 )
Design Parameter:
Characteristic strength of reinforcement bar,fy= 360 N/mm2

Characteristic strength of concrete fcu= 30 N/mm2
Ratio bb = 1.00
gc = 1.5
gs = 1.05
Depth of section,h= 550 mm
Width of section,b = 465 mm
Top concrete Cover= 40 mm
Bot. concrete cover,d' = 40 mm
Side concrete Cover = 40 mm
Diameter of reinforcement bar= 16 mm
Design for Vertical Bending : (Ref.1, CL.3.4.4.4)

Effective depth of member,d = 502 mm
K' = 0.156
( Ref CL 3.4.4.4 )
K = M u = 0.015 < K'
b d 2 fcu
Compression reinforcement not required
Z = d { 0.5 + sqrt(0.25 - K / 0.9) } = 493.25 mm > 476.90 mm

Hence Z = 476.90 mm
X = (d-Z) = 55.78 mm
0.45
Tension steel required Ast = 332 mm2 Min Ast = 332 mm2
Nos of bar required = 2 nos
Compression steel required Asc = 0 mm2 Min Asc = 332 mm2
Nos of bar required 2 nos
Number of Tension reinf. bar provided = 3 nos. 16 dia + 1 16 dia

Area of tension reinf. provided = 804 mm2
Number of compression reinf bar provided = 4 nos. 16 dia
Area of compression reinf. provided = 804 mm2
Total reinforcement provided for bending Asp= 1608 mm2
Revision No. : A
Design for Shear & Torsion :
Diameter of link or stirrup bar = 10 mm

y1 = 460 mm
y1 T
x1 = 375 mm
hmax = 550 mm
hmin = 465 mm
x1
Max. Shear stress developed v =V/bd= 0.110 Vertical Shear
= ( 45.6 ) 1000 / ( 550 ) ( 409 ) = 0.210 N/mm2Horizontal Shear W
< 8 (fcu)^2 or 5 N/mm2 (Ref.1,CL.3.4.5.2) (Reinforcements are Indicative Only)
ptt provided = 0.345 %

Permissible shear stress,vc= 0.445 N/mm2 >v (Ref 1, Table 3.8)
vc' = vc + 0.6NVh/AM
Vh/M = 0.000 < 1
vc' = 0.445 N/mm2
Hence no shear reinforcement is required

Shear resistance required by link Vu = 0.00 kN
Vu = 0.4 b d Table 3.7 -BS8110-1
0 . 95 f A sv Vu
For shear links K u1 = yv
= = 220.00 N/mm
sv d
Shear stress due to torsion, 2T 0.68 N/mm2 (Ref.2,CL.2.4.4,Eq-2)

vt= =
h2min(h maxhmin /3)
So, v + vt = 0.89 N/mm2 < vtu Hence ok
vtu = 1.38 N/mm2 (Ref 2, Table 2.3)
vtmin= 0.37 N/mm 2
< vt
Hence reinforcement for torsion is required.

0 . 95 f yv A sv T
For torsional links K u 2= = = 210.65 N/mm
sv 0. 8 x 1 y 1
Ku = Ku1+Ku2 = 430.65 N/mm

Dia of link bar = 10 mm
No of legs along the with of beam= 4
Total area of link bars= 314 mm2
Spacing of Links
0 . 95 f yv A sv
for torsion & shear both sv = = 249 mm c/c
Ku
Provide vertical link bar (4-legs) of 10 mm dia @ 200 mm c/c
Additional longitudinal reinf for

A sv f yv ( x 1+ y1 )
resisting torsion, As= = 1051 mm2 (Ref.2,CL.2.4.7)
sv f y
(ref. Cl 2.4.7of BS 8110: Part2)
Total longitudinal reinforcement reqd. due to

moment and torsion Asr = 1716 mm2
Total longitudinal reinforcement provide Asp = 1608 mm2
Provide additional reinforcement
Design Summary :
Compression reinforcement 4 nos T16 bar
Tension reinforcement 3 nos T16 bar +1 nos T16 bar
Shear reinforcement 4Legged -T10 bar @ 200c/c
Revision No. : A
Check for Deflection :

Basic span/effective depth = 26 (Ref.1,CL.3.4.6.3)
fs = 2fyxAsreq x 1 = 99.09 Mpa
3Asprov x bb
Modification factor for tensi(Ref.1,CL.3.4.6.5)

0.55+ (477-fs)/((120(0.9+M/bd2)) = 3> 2
Modification factor for comr(Ref.1,CL.3.4.6.6)
1+ (100Asprov/bd)/(3+100Asprov/bd) = 1 < 2
Modified span/Effective depth = 75.37
Actual span of beam = 9020 mm
Actual span/ Effective depth = 17.97 Safe against deflection
Design for Horizontal Bending : (Ref.1, CL.3.4.4.4) D = 465 mm b = 150 mm

Bar dia = 16 mm
Effective depth of member,d= 417 mm
K' = 0.156 ( Ref CL 3.4.4.4 )
Mu
K= = 0.139 < K'
bd 2 fcu
Compression reinforcement not required
{
Z =d 0 . 5 +
( 0 . 25
K
0. 9 )}= 337.28 mm < 396.15 mm
Hence Z = 337.28 mm
( d Z ) 177.16 mm
X= =
0 . 45
Tension steel required Ast = 944 mm2 Min Ast = 91 mm2
Nos of bar required = 5 nos
Compression steel required Asc = 0 mm2 Min Asc = 0 mm2
Nos of bar required 1 nos
Number of Tension reinf. bar provided = 5 nos. 16 dia + 0 0 dia

Area of tension reinf. provided = 1005 mm2
Number of compression reinf bar provided = 5 nos. 16 dia
Area of compression reinf. provided = 1005 mm2
Total reinforcement provided for bending Asp= 2011 mm2

= 25.79 kN for 1 m width Shear force has been calculated conservatively
% of main steel = 100 *As / [ b.d ] = 100 ( 1257 ) / ( 1280 * 257.5 ) = 0.314 %
For fcu = 30 N /mm 2
vc = 0.413 N/mm 2

Revision No. : A
1 3.6 DESIGN OF PIPE SLEEPER

2 Top EL of sleeper = 0.500 m
3 Bottom EL of sleeper = 0.000 m
4 Height of sleeper = 0.500 m
5 Thickness of sleeper = 350 mm
6 Reinforcement bar used = 12 mm
7 Clear cover = 40 mm
8 Effective depth of sleeper = 304 mm
9 Width of sleeper = 6.00 m
### Area of reinforcement bar = 113.1 mm2
Characteristic strength of concret fcu = 30 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of steel fy = 360 N/mm2
### LOAD CALCULATION

### Empty weight of pipes = 24.60 kN/m
### Operating weight of pipes = 37.00 kN/m
### Hydro. Weight of pipes = 30.00 kN/m
### Total weight of pipe = 61.60 kN/m
### Longitudinal friction = = 18.48 kN Anchor load
###
### Factored longitudinal friction forc = 1.67 ( 18.48 ) = 30.87 kN
### Factored moment = 30.87 ( 0.5 ) = 15.44 kN
###
### CALCULATION OF REINFORCEMENT STEEL
### Width of wall considere = 1000 mm
### K = M / b d fcu
2
### = ( 15.44 x 1000000 ) / ( 1000 x 304^2 x 30 ) = 0.006 < 0.156

### z = d { 0.5 + sqrt ( 0.25 - K / 0.9 ) } < 0.95 d
### = 304 { 0.5 + sqrt ( 0.25 - 0.0056 / 0.9 ) } = 302.1 mm
### 0.95 d = 0.95 ( 304 ) = 288.8 mm
### Hence z = 288.8 mm
### As = M / 0.95 fy * z= ( 15.44 * 1000000 ) / ( 0.95 * 360 * 288.8 ) = 157 mm2
### Minimum reinforcement : As per Table 3.25 of BS 8110-1 = 0.13%
### = 0.13 ( 1000 ) ( 350 ) / 100= 455 mm 2
### Hence As = 455 mm2

### Spacing of rebar = ( 113.1 ) ( 1000 ) / ( 455 ) = 248 mm c / c
### PROVIDE 6 T 12 BARS AT SPACING @ 200 mm c/c BOTH FACES AND BOTH WAYS
### Area of steel provid = 6 ( 113.1 ) = 678.60 mm2
###

Culvert Precast Top Cover - ECV-CAL-005B

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DOCUMENT NO : 1820-SA3- 00-ECV-CAL-022

DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR CULVERT

6.0 DESIGN OF PRECAST TOP COVER

400 4000 400

TYPICAL SECTION OF CULVERT

Thickness of top cover slab = Tts = 400 mm

PART PLAN OF PRECAST COVER

Width of Precast panel considered for design = W = 1480 mm For moment

b ) Vehicle Load ( Live load )

CALCULATION OF REINFORCEMENT STEEL

= ( 477.343 x 1000000 ) / ( 1480 x 350.5^2 x 30 ) = 0.0876 < 0.156

= ( 477.343 * 1000000 ) / ( 0.95 * 360 * 312.2 )

Area of steel provided = 13 ( 490.87 ) = 6381.31 mm2

Distribution Rebar As per table 3.25 of BS 8110

CHECK FOR SHEAR (Ref. Table3.8, BS 8110-1)

7.0 DESIGN OF WALL

L = 9.95m L = Length of wall affected by surcharge

a ) Earth load ( calculated on 1.00 m width of wall )

Lateral Earth pressure at bottom of wall = 0.593 ( 18 ) 1.95 ( 1 ) = 14.75 kN/m

CALCULATION OF REINFORCEMENT STEEL

= ( 110.61 x 1000000 ) / ( 1000 x 352^2 x 30 ) = 0.0030 < 0.156

= ( 110.61 * 1000000 ) / ( 0.95 * 360 * 334.4 )

Therefore, provide T 16 @ 200 mm c/c both ways

CHECK FOR SHEAR ( Ref.Table 3.8, BS 8110-1 )

for fcu = 30 N /mm2 vc = 0.460 N/mm2

Shear strength of the section = ( 0.46 ) ( 1000 ) ( 352 ) / 1000 = 161.92 kN OK

8.0 DESIGN OF BASE SLAB

Width of base slab = 7.0 m Dia of main reinforcement bar = 20 mm

Wheel load = 448.0 kN

Total uniform distributed pressure due to dead load

448.0 kN ( Vehicle-point load )

43 kN/m2 18.89 kN/m2

= -34.8 ( 1.95 + 0.4 ) / 3

Pmax = 14.95 + [ 78.3 + ( -27.26 ) ] / 81.67 = 15.58 kN/m2 OK

Pmin = 14.95 - [ 78.3 + ( -27.26 ) ] / 81.67 = 14.33 kN/m2 OK NO TENSION

CALCULATION OF BENDING MOMENT

Assuming uniform bearing pressure i.e. average bearing pressure

Moment at End = 44.50 kN.m

Moment at wall base due to crane surcharge = 64.38 kN.m

Factored Design Bending moment of Wall = 110.6 kN.m

Hence, Design moment = 140.5 kN.m

= ( 140.52 x 1000000 ) / ( 1000 x 320^2 x 30 ) = 0.0458 < 0.156

z = d { 0.5 + sqrt ( 0.25 - K' / 0.9 ) } < 0.95 d

= ( 140.52 * 1000000 ) / ( 0.95 * 360 * 248.61 )

Spacing of rebar = ( as ) (1000 ) / As

Use T 12 for Distribution reinforcement as of Distribution bar = 113.1 mm2

CHECK FOR SHEAR ( Ref.Table 3.8, BS 8110-1 )

Shear strength of the section = ( 0.56 ) ( 1000 ) ( 320 ) / 1000 = 190.4 kN OK

11.0 DESIGN OF WING WALL

Design data and load calculation

Characteristic strength of concrete = fcu = 30.00 kN/m2

LOAD CALCULATIONS AT BASE ( per m length )

Total lateral force at base = 13.99 = 13.99 kN

Restoring Vertical Forces due to

Moment due to Earth load on base slab = 33.3 ( 3 ) ( 3 / 2 )

Coeff of friction between soil and concrete, ( m ) = tan(2/3f) = 0.287

Moment due to eccentricity = Total vertical load x e

DESIGN OF RCC RETAINING WALL ( considering unit length of wall )

Spacing of rebar = ( as ) (1000 ) / As

CHECK FOR SHEAR (Res. Table 3.8, BS 8110-1)

DESIGN OF BASE SLAB

Width of base slab = 3.40 m

Total Uniform distributed pressure = 14.62 kN/m2