Electrodes/ADS1298 Interface: Resolved

11/2/2017 Electrodes/ADS1298 Interface - Precision Data Converters Forum - Precision Data Converters - TI E2E Community
Electrodes/ADS1298 Interface
Resolved
Julian Grisales
Hello,
I maybe over-read some documentation and now I'm a little bit confused in how to implement the connections
between the electrodes and the ADS1299, so I'm asking here for a little guidance.
I'm using a single pole 6V power source trough 4 AA batteries, this voltage go to a TPS71202 dual channel LDO
regulator configured to throw +5V and +3.3V voltages working as AVDD and DVDD respectively. I'm also using a
REF5025 low noise external reference connected to AVDD and giving 2.5V, this will be used as reference voltage for the
ADC in the ADS1299, this reference voltage is being divided by a basic voltage divider with two resistors and an OP-AMP
buffer (OPA2241) creating the Common-Mode Voltage of 1.25V, to be used with the Bias Drive amplifier as a body
reference. In short, I'm using the ADS1299 with unipolar supply and external reference of 2.5V, also the AVSS will be
equal to AGND and DGND.
I'm developing a surface EMGacquisitiondevice, I have look for a lot of ways of doing this interface between the
electrodes and the chip, but always gotconfused. As first, I was following the datasheet in p.18. In single-ended input
mode I assumed all the negative input electrodes will be connected to CM (Common-Mode), connecting them in-
between over the body (what cares of sense for me), thisconfusionwas developed by a schematic I found were they
use a pre-stage with IN-AMPs where the two electrodes weredifferentiated before and then compared with CM at the
same analog input of the ADS1298:
When I realized this configuration was for a unique electrode for channel then I decided to use the differential one, but
all the information I have gathered for this is using (I suppose) a bipolar supply configuration, because the electrodes
seems referenced to AGND by a capacitor, Icouldn'tbe sure if is as simple as just replacing the AGND for CM. Also,
Ididn'tquite understand why in the datasheet they talk about of a 180 phase angle between the two inputs of the
channel.
https://e2e.ti.com/support/data_converters/precision_data_converters/f/73/t/230244 1/10
After I did an in-depth search of related topics in this same forum, the most similar case was:
http://e2e.ti.com/support/data_converters/precision_data_converters/f/73/t/200221.aspx . Here the user asks for a way
to correctly connect a single channel for ADS1298. He got as answer the diagram showed later; there is no connection
to AGND or CM between the two electrodes, but a connection to RLD_Out through a high impedance resistor. This got
me a lot more confused. Then there is no necessity to connect a CM? This configuration just work for one channel or
could be configured to multiple ones?
So, my questions for the community are:
How could I correctly interface the electrodes to the ADS1299 taking into account that Im using a unipolar supply and an
external ADC reference?
How should be configured the Bias Drive channels internally (of the ADS1299) to work with multiple inputs? I'm talking about
MUXx[2:0] and BIAS_SENSx[x] registers.
Should I use the internal Bias Drive amplifier as a buffer for another amplifier or its enough if I put the filter there?
Im only taking into account a Bias Drive Electrode, but in the user guide for the ADS1299EEG-FE there is a Reference Electrode,
whats the differences between those? Do I need both?
In other users configurations as in the same user guide mentioned earlier I have seen a shield connection with the Bias Drive
Amplifier (or RLD also), where is this pin connected to? Is this necessary?
Lastly, at the ADS1298 FAQ section of this forum says that unused pins should be connected to AVDD, and I actually could see
that implemented in the schematics of the ADS1298ECG-FE, but not in the ADS1299EEG-FE schematics, is this AVDD connection
necessary for ADS1299?
I hope this could be helpful for other users, not just me. Also I have taken a lot of assumptions; I would appreciate if
with the answer you correct me of undetected misconfigurations I already have supposed.
Thanks in every way!
Living is not that hard as the appearances makes you feel.
Julian Grisales
Tom Hendrick
Hi Julian,
Sorry for the delay here - I'll talk with the Delta Sigma guys and see if we can't get you comprehensive answers to
your questions shortly.
Regards,
Tom
Julian Grisales
In reply to Tom Hendrick:
Hi Tom,
Thank you very much, i'll be waiting here.
:)
Best regards,
Julin.
Ning Song
In reply to Tom Hendrick:
Hi,Dear engineer, I have used the ADS1294R for a long time, The respiratory wave is likely modulated by
something. Please explain me what is the small wave on the respiratory wave? The heart beat or the motion
artifacts? Another question is how you define the bioimpedance resolution ratio is 20milliohm? You compare this
respiratory wave with what stardart respiratory signal? It's a very confuse problem for my research. If you send a
email to sony17305@163.com to collect me. I'll very grateful. Thank you for your applying.
ppreciate it.
Tony Calabria
In reply to Ning Song:
Hi Ning,
I would recommend giving the following a read if you have no already.
http://www.ti.com/lit/an/sbaa181/sbaa181.pdf
Digital filtering is commonly used to remove the motion artifacts. They may couple through as they reside in the
low bandwidths shared by ECG.
Conversion of the data word to impedance (ohms) is explained on page 42 in the following user's guide -
http://www.ti.com/lit/ug/sbau181a/sbau181a.pdf
Regards,
Tony Calabria
Tony Calabria
Hi Julian,
I will do my best to answer some of your questions that you have here -
The ADS1291 figure I put together above is a way in which you can do single lead ECG without the need for a
separate RLD electrode. As you research the application, you will see that medical grade ECG applications,
commonly have a separate RLD electrode to set the bias point for the body. Without this RLD electrode, the body
will float independent of the circuit which may cause the input to be outside of the chip operating limits. One way
to get around a separate RLD electrode is to use a method like the one explained above using an AC coupled path
to kill the DC and then set the bias point though high impedance resistors.This can be done on multiple channels.
Unipolar supply is fine. You use the RLD to set the bias point and when configured for a a unipolar supply
configuration, this will set the RLD to 1/2*AVDD to help maximize the usable code range.
Bias Drive configured to use the midpoint from multiple inputs explained here -
http://www.ti.com/lit/an/sbaa188/sbaa188.pdf- This can be done and is explained in the datasheet for the device.
You should be able to use the internal drive amplifier without any issues.
The reference electrode is just a net name and is used to route the bias back through SRB1 as a possibility for the
negative input pins.
Shield is used to shield the RLD signal providing a 180 degree out of phase signal on top of the RLD signal. It is up
to you if you need it depending on your system. It is important in very high performance ECG systems.
Tie unused analog input pins to AVDD in both the ADS1298 and ADS1299. Digital input pins should never float so
make sure the static lines have a definitive state. Digital output pins what you do not need you can terminate to
GND through a weak resistor.
Regards,
Tony Calabria
Julian Grisales
In reply to Tony Calabria:
Hi Tony,
Thank you very much for your answers, are very clarifying. I now have some other questions though.
Precisely for helping to maximize the usable code range, I'm using an external ADC reference of 2.5 V. It
isappropriatedto use a CM of 1/2*Vref(ADC) = 1.25 Vto set the bias point in RLD?
Should I use this CM voltage as reference in analog input connections forproperbias point setting? Like this:
I think that if I use AGND as in the User Guide I will be losing negative codes because I'm not using bipolar supply,
or is the RLD setting the bias point internally of the ADS1299?
If possible could you give me some documentation with the proper use of RLD shield? I don't understand if this is
the same RLD electrode signal with a 180out of phase angle, or is another signal provided with a specific specially
shielded type of electrode or any of those, or both! I'm guessing the phase angle is induced by theinvertervoltage
follower that appears at the user guide, so I lean towards first case, same RLD electrode signal. But i would like to
know the advantages of doing so also.
Again, thank you very much, all your help is very appreciated. Youtrulyare a Mastermind.
Best regards,
Julin.
Tony Calabria
In reply to Julian Grisales:
Hi Julian,
The common mode range limitation is set by the power supply which is why the RLD uses the midpoint from the
two power supplies to set the RLD voltage. You need to use high impedance resistors to set the DC operating
point, caps are not going to work. See the picture I included using the ADS1291 above.
Using a single supply is fine. The bias point is taken from half of the two supplies.
Shield drive we have seen done both through inversion of the RLD and noninversion. See the U2 amplifier
configuration for the ADS1298ECG-FE eval board for a possible configuration.
Regards,
Tony Calabria
Julian Grisales
In reply to Tony Calabria:
Hi Tony,
I think I'm not understanding you here, you're telling me that the common-mode range limit is set by the power
supply and the RLD uses the midpoint between two power supplies to set the DC bias point. First, which power
supplies? I think you're talking about(AVDD + AVSS) / 2whichin my case with unipolar supply equals to(AVDD +
AGND) / 2.But for the ADC reference I'm using an external source of 2.5 V with the REF5025, connected to the VREFP
pin of the ADS1299. If I set the DC operating point to midpoint of power supply and then I use this midpoint to bias
the body, shouldn't the ADC readings be greater than the ADC code range, giving only lectures of EFFFFF?What I
mean is that the midpoint of power supply is 2.5 V which is the same as the ADC reference I havechosen, giving this
value as bias point for the body measurements.
I'm also using RLD electrode, as I understand of what you have just told me, this electrode is going to set the bias
point for the analog-inputs (electrodes) by a high impedance resistor, but in apreviouspost I understood that this
configuration wasnecessaryonly when you're not using a RLD electrode at all. So, should I connect the analog
inputs to RLDOUT by this 10M resistor even when a RLD electrode is connected to it? Seems legit accordingly to
the datasheet in page 18 figure 21, where the differential inputs are connected to a CM voltage.
I have saw that is also very common to use a filter at the input of every channel (I guess is for EMI), should I build
that? I also have look they use some clamp diodes, I don't see those really necessary, but if yourecommend using
them I could add this to the schematic. The finally interface between the electrodes and the ADS1299 will look like
in the next image for two channels, I'm using the common-voltage of 1/2*Vref(ADC) for CM which is of 1.25 V. Again,
is this correct, do you recommend using anything else?
Thank you very much Tony, you have been a great help, I really appreciate this.
Best regards,
Julin.
Julian Grisales
Somebody?I really need some light here!
Thanks in advance :)
Marcia Vagos
Hello Julian,
i must admit that some of your questions I didn't understand very well, but here is my overall opinion about it:
I think you should always use the RLD electrode to eliminate the common mode noise that comes from the body.
In doing so, not only you get a cleaner signal, but also you can use that electrode as bias for multiple channels,
and you don't have to use the differential amplifier at the inputs.
Also,, the didoes are important for input protection in case of failure of the ads1299. Be careful to make sure to use
input resistors that wont allow for a current higher than 50microA to go into the patient's body.
Please somebody correct if I'm wrong.I'm sorry that I can't help you much more, but I have a lot of doubts myself
since I'm using the ads1298 for the first time and there are not many references about EMG applications.
In that sense, can please someone describe how could I adapt the schemitic below of the user guide for EMG?
Thank s in advance!
Mrcia Vagos

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11/2/2017 Electrodes/ADS1298 Interface - Precision Data Converters Forum - Precision Data Converters - TI E2E Community

So, my questions for the community are:

Thanks in every way!

Living is not that hard as the appearances makes you feel.

In reply to Tom Hendrick:

Thank you very much, i'll be waiting here.

Living is not that hard as the appearances makes you feel.

In reply to Tom Hendrick:

In reply to Ning Song:

I would recommend giving the following a read if you have no already.

In reply to Tony Calabria:

Living is not that hard as the appearances makes you feel.

In reply to Julian Grisales:

In reply to Tony Calabria:

Living is not that hard as the appearances makes you feel.

In reply to Julian Grisales:

Somebody?I really need some light here!

Living is not that hard as the appearances makes you feel.

In reply to Julian Grisales:

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