PRONOMBRES EN INGLS (Pronouns, subject, object and possessive; Adjective possessive)

SUBJECT OBJECT POSSESSIVE ADJ. POSSESSIVE*

1 SING I** Me (a m, me) Mine (mo) My (mi)
2 SING/PLU You You (a t, te, a vosotros, os) Your (tuyo) (vuestro) Your (tu) (vuestro)
3 SING (MAS) He Him (a l, se, le) His (suyo) His (su) de l
3 SING (FEM) She Her (a ella, se, le) Hers (suyo) Her (su) de ella
3 SING (NEUTRO) It It (cosas y animals) Its (suyo) Its (su) de ello
1 PLU We Us (a nosotros, nos) Ours (nuestro) Our (nuestro)
3 PLU They Them (a ellos, se, les) Theirs (suyo) Their (su) de ellos

*Los Adjective Possessive nunca aparecen solos. Es decir, no son pronombres. Por tanto,
siempre acompaan a un sustantivo. Ej: My house, Her pen, Our dog

** I siempre va en mayscula

ESTRUCTURA DE ORACIONES EN INGLS (vlido para todos los tiempos verbales)

+ SUJETO + VERBO* + VERBO + COMPLEMENTOS (CCC)

AUXILIAR PRINCIPAL
- SUJETO + VERBO + NOT + VERBO + CCC
AUXILIAR PRINCIPAL
? PARTCULA** + VERBO + SUJETO + VERBO + CCC + ?
INTERROGATIVA AUXILIAR PRINCIPAL

* En las oraciones afirmativas (+) el verbo auxiliar puede aparecer solo, si se trata del verbo TO
BE, HAVE GOT, o los verbos modales. O puede aparecer simplemente un verbo principal.

** En las oraciones interrogativas (?) la partcula puede aparecer o no. Si no aparece, se

elimina del principio de la estructura y se mantiene el resto.

VERBO TO BE (Ser y Estar)

El verbo TO BE significa: ser y estar indistintamente. Es el verbo copulativo ingls y se usa para
todos los tiempos verbales que tengamos que formar con estos dos verbos. Es un verbo
AUXILIAR, por lo que forma la y la ? por s mismo.

PRESENT SIMPLE
+ - ? MEANING
I Am / Im I am not / Im not Am I+CCC? Soy / estoy
You Are / Youre You are not/ You arent Are you + CCC? Eres / ests
Sois / estis
He Is / Hes He is not/ He isnt Is he + CCC? Es / est
She Is / Shes She is not / She isnt Is she + CCC? Es / est
It Is / Its It is not / It isnt Is it + CCC? Es / est
We Are / Were We are not / We arent Are we + CCC? Somos / estamos
They Are/ Theyre They are not/ They arent Are they + CCC? Son / estn

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PAST SIMPLE
+ - ? MEANING
I Was Was not / wasnt Was I + CCC? Era/estaba | Fui/estuve
You Were Were not / werent Were you + CCC? Eras/estabas | Fuiste/estuviste
Erais/estabais | Fuisteis/estuvisteis
He Was Was not / wasnt Was he + CCC? Era/estaba | Fue/estuve
She Was Was not / wasnt Was she + CCC? Era/estaba | Fue/estuve
It Was Was not / wasnt Was it + CCC? Era/estaba | Fue/estuve
We Were Were not / werent Were we + CCC? ramos/estbamos | Fuimos/Estuvimos
They Were Were not / werent Were they + CCC? Eran/estaban | Fueron/Estuvieron

VERBO TO HAVE GOT (Tener)

El verbo TO HAVE GOT significa: Tener. Este verbo siempre implica que existe una posesin. Es
un verbo auxiliar, y como todos ellos, forma las oraciones e ? por s mismo.

PRESENT SIMPLE
+ - ? MEANING
I Have got / Ive got I havent got Have I got + CCC? Tengo
You Have got / Youve got You havent got Have you got + CCC? Tienes / Tenen
He Has got / Hes got He hasnt got Has he got + CCC? Tiene
She Has got / Shes got She hasnt got Has she got + CCC? Tiene
It Has got/ Its got It hasnt got Has it got + CCC? Tiene
We Have / Weve got We havent got Have we got + CCC? Tenemos
They Have got/ Theyve got They havent got Have they got + CCC? Tienen

PAST SIMPLE
+ - ? MEANING
I Had got / Id got I hadnt got Had I got + CCC? Tena /tuve
You Had got / Youd got You hadnt got Had you got + CCC? Tenas / tuviste
Tenais / tuvisteis
He Had got / Hed got He hadnt got Had he got + CCC? Tena / tuvo
She Had got / Shed got She hadnt got Had she got + CCC? Tena / tuvo
It Had got/ Itd got It hadnt got Had it got + CCC? Tena / tuvo
We Had / Wed got We hadnt got Had we got + CCC? Tunamos / tuvimos
They Had got/ Theyd got They hadnt got Had they got + CCC? Tenan / tuvieron

HABER, verbo impersonal HAY y HUBO

PRESENT (Hay) PAST (Hubo/Haba)

Singular There is There was
Plural There are There were

Estructura + - ?
There is There is a dog There isnt a dog Is there a dog?
There are There are some books There arent any books Are there any book?
There was There was a dog There wasnt a dog Was there a dog?
There were There were some books There werent any books Were there any books?

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PRESENT SIMPLE

El presente simple en ingls se forma con la forma verbal sin TO. Para la 3 persona del
singular, hay que aadir SIEMPRE una S al final del verbo.

USO: normalmente se utiliza para hablar de acciones habituales, pero en ocasiones puede
tener sentido de futuro.
Afirmativa
I work
You work
He / she / it works
We work
You work
They work
He/she/it:
1. Slo la tercera persona del singular (he/she/it) es diferente de las dems, ya que se
le aade -s.
2. Existen verbos a los que se aade -es en lugar de -s:
- do does; go goes
- verbos que terminan en:
-s pass passes
-ch watch watches
-sh wash washes
-x mix mixes
-z buzz buzzes
3. La terminacin es ies cuando un verbo acaba en consonante + y. La y se
convierte en i y se aade -es:
- study studies
- carry carries

Negacin
Forma completa Forma contrada
I do not work I don t work
You do not work You don t work
He does not work He doesn t work
She does not work She doesn t work
It does not work It doesn t work
We do not work We don t work
They do not work They don t work

Interrogacin
Respuesta breve + Respuesta breve -
Do I work? Yes, I do No, I don t
Do you work? Yes, you do No, you dont
Does he/she/it work? Yes, he/she/it does No, he/she/it doesnt
Do we work? Yes, we do No, we dont
Do they work? Yes, they do No, they dont

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PRESENTE CONTINUO

Uso: se utiliza normalmente para hablar de acciones que estn ocurriendo en el

momento en el que se habla. En espaol suele equivaler a estar + gerundio.

Afirmativas
forma completa forma contrada
I am working Im working
You are working youre working
He / She/ It is working He/she/its working
We are working Were working
They are working Theyre working

Negativas
forma completa forma contrada
I am not working Im not working
You are not working You arent working
He / She/ It is not working He/she/it isnt working
We are not working We arent working
They are not working They arent working
Interrogativas
Respuesta breve + Respuesta breve -
Am I working? Yes, I am. No, Im not.
Are you working? Yes, you are. No, you arent.
Is he / she/ it working? Yes, he/she/it is. No, he/she/it isnt.
Are we working? Yes, we are. No, we arent.
Are they working? Yes, they are. No, they arent.

Reglas ortogrficas de los verbos acabados en ing:

Los verbos que acaban en una sola e pierden esta vocal y aaden ing:
write writing have having come coming
Los verbos de una slaba acabados en vocal + consonante duplican la consonante y
aaden ing (excepto en el caso de w y y):
put putting stop stopping shop shopping

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Presente Simple vs Presente Continuo
Presente simple
Se utiliza para hablar de cosas que ocurren habitualmente o en general:
- James studies German at university.
- My parents live in the south.
- Jane works in Italy every summer.
- My friends have a car.
- Water boils at 100 Celsius degrees.
- Sharks are dangerous animals.
Verbos que solo se usan en PRESENTE
Like (gustar) Depend (depender) Remember (recordar) Belive (creer)
Dislike (disgustar) Know (saber, conocer) Forget (olvidar) Prefer (preferir)
Love (amar, adorar) Mean (significar) Want (querer)
Hate (odiar) Understand (comprender) Need (necesitar)

Presente continuo
Se utiliza para hablar de cosas que estn ocurriendo en el momento en el que se habla:
- Mary is playing the guitar now.
- Take an umbrella. Its raining.
- Lets go to the park! The sun is shinning.
- They are working in the garage at the moment.

Las oraciones en presente continuo a menudo van acompaadas de expresiones que indican
que la accin se est realizando en ese momento:
Now right now at the moment at present

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Pasado simple
Uso: el pasado simple se utiliza normalmente para referirnos a hechos que sucedieron en un
momento concreto del pasado.
Existen verbos regulares, a los que se aade ed en el pasado, como work (worked en pasado)
y otros irregulares, que es necesario aprender, como go (went en pasado). LISTA DE VERBOS

Afirmativas
Verbos regulares WORK Verbos irregulares (2 columna) GO
I worked went
You worked went
He / She/ It worked went
We worked went
They worked went

Negativas: igual para regulares e irregulares DID+VERBO EN INFINITIVO

forma completa forma contrada
I did not work didnt go
You did not work didnt go
He / She/ It did not work didnt go
We did not work didnt go
They did not work didnt go
Interrogativas
Respuesta breve + Respuesta breve -
Did I work? Yes, I did. No, I didnt.
Did you work? Yes, you did. No, you didnt.
Did he / she/ it work? Yes, he/she/it did. No, he/she/it didnt.
Did we go? Yes, we did. No, we didnt.
Did they go? Yes, they did. No, they didnt.

Ortografa de las formas de pasado regulares

Verbos acabados en consonante + yied:
study studied
carry carried
Los verbos de una slaba acabados en vocal + consonante duplican la (excepto w y y):
stop stopped
shop shopped

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Pasado continuo
Uso: se utiliza para hablar de acciones que ocurrieron durante un tiempo en el pasado. En
espaol equivale normalmente a estaba + gerundio.

Afirmativas
forma completa
I was working
You were working
He / She/ It was working
We were working
They were working

Negativas
forma completa forma contrada
I was not working wasnt working
You were not working werent working
He / She/ It was not working wasnt working
We were not working werent working
They were not working werent working
Interrogativas
Respuesta breve + Respuesta breve -
Was I working? Yes, I was. No, I wasnt.
Were you working? Yes, you were. No, you werent.
Was he / she/ it working? Yes, he/she/it was. No, he/she/it wasnt.
Were we working? Yes, we were. No, we werent.
Were they working? Yes, they were. No, they werent.

Reglas ortogrficas de los verbos acabados en ing:

Los verbos que acaban en una sola e pierden esta vocal y aaden ing:
write writing have having come coming
Los verbos de una slaba acabados en vocal + consonante duplican la consonante y
aaden ing (excepto en el caso de w y y):
put putting stop stopping shop shopping

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Pasado Simple vs Pasado Continuo
Pasado simple
Se utiliza para referirnos a situaciones o acciones completas del pasado o a situaciones
permanentes o de larga duracin, tambin en el pasado.
- I lived in Rome till I was 10.
- She bought chocolates because she thought you liked them.
Suele aparecer con marcas temporales
- Last + (year, month, week, day, night, etc) The last week, the teacher explained us the use
and form of the past simple. Now it's all very clear!
Yesterday, I went to the beach with my friend Aly
- Yesterday because it the sun was shinning.
- The other day The other day, Peter came over and we had a
chat about our trip to Paris.
- Just now I wrote a post about the past simple just now.

- Ago I worked in that bakery two years ago and I loved it. I
learned how to bake a delicious bread.
- In + ao I moved to Germany in 2001.

Pasado continuo
Se utiliza para a situaciones o eventos temporales de un momento del pasado. Muchas
veces se utiliza el pasado continuo para describir una situacin durante la cual se produjo
otro evento (en pasado simple) que la interrumpi o se produjo paralelamente.
The phone rang

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
We were watching television

Ejemplos:
-She arrived when we were having dinner.
-Tom was having a shower when someone knocked at the door.
-The neighbour felt ill while he was working in the garden.

Cuando hablamos de situaciones o eventos simultneos en el pasado, puede utilizarse el

pasado simple o el pasado continuo:
Ejemplos:
-They went on holiday while their son was at university.
-Jill was making dinner while he was laying the table.
While /As
Detrs de while o as se usa pasado continuo. Significa mientras, el segundo verbo va en
pasado simple*:
Ejemplos:
- While she was studying, Megan broke the pencil.
- Peter lost his train as he was watching a video on Youtube.
*NOTA: puede aparecer tambin pasado continuo.
When
Detrs de when siempre usamos pasado simple. El verbo que le sigue ir en pasado continuo.
Ejemplos:
- We started hanging out together and becoming an item when we were in college.

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 El plural de los sustantivos en ingls

1. El plural regular

La marca del plural en ingls es una s aadida a la forma de singular de un sustantivo:

house houses dog dogs.
Al aadir la terminacin del plural, se pueden producir algunas modificaciones en la grafa del
sustantivo:
Los sustantivos que acaban en consonante + y devienen consonante + ies:
party parties baby babies

Importante: los sustantivos que acaban en vocal + y no sufren ningn cambio:

day days boy- boys

Los sustantivos que acaban en sh, -ch, -s, -x o -z aaden la terminacin -es:
church- churches brush brushes
box boxes buzz-buzzes

Los sustantivos que acaban en o tienen una forma de plural regular, con la marca
s:
photo photos, piano- pianos.

Importante: algunos sustantivos acabados en -o aaden la terminacin -es:

potato potatoes mosquito mosquitoes
tomato tomatoes hero heroes.

2. El plural irregular
El plural en -ves
Algunos sustantivos acabados en -f(e) convierten la -f en una -v y aaden la marca -es:
half halves(mitad) calf calves(ternero) knife knives(cuchillo)
leaf leaves(hoja) life lives (vida) shelf shelves(concha)
thief thieves(ladrn) wife wives(esposa) wolf wolves(lobo)

Importante: existen otros sustantivos acabados en -f(e) que tienen un plural regular:
cliff cliffs (acantilado, precipicio)
Los sustantivos irregulares

child children (nio) foot feet (pie) goose geese (ganso)

mouse mice (ratn) man men(hombre) ox oxen (buey)
person people (persona) tooth teeth(diente) woman women
(mujer)

Sustantivos irregulares con plural igual al singular.

sheep = oveja sheep = ovejas deer = ciervo deer = ciervos

bison = bisonte bison = bisontes swine = cerdo swine = cerdos
salmon = salmn salmon = salmones species = especie species = especies
series = serie series = series

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3. Los sustantivos con una sola forma
Uncountable nouns: Son sustantivos que no tienen plural. Los podemos dividir en tres
grandes grupos:
o Sustantivos que hacen referencia a materiales o substancias:
water air paper glass
coffee wine sugar flour
coffee rice salt oil
o Sustantivos que hacen referencia a nociones y conceptos abstractos:
Beauty (belleza) intelligence (inteligencia) chance
(cambio)
Destiny (destino) happiness (felicidad) life (vida)
Knowledge (conocimiento) sadness (tristeza)
o Otros sustantivos:
luggage (British English)/ baggage (American English) (equipaje)
money (dinero) news (noticias ) furniture (mobiliario)
information (informacin) work (trabajo) hair (cabello)

Importante: Los uncountable nouns necesitan un verbo en singular y no se utilizan

nunca con el artculo indefinido a:
Time is money.
Shes got black hair. Y no : Shes got a black hair.

Sustantivos solo con forma de plural: Son, en general, sustantivos que hacen
referencia a objetos con dos partes simtricas:
Trousers (pantalones) jeans (vaqueros) shorts (bermudas)
Pyjamas (pijamas) glasses (gafas) scissors (tijeras)

Estos sustantivos se utilizan siempre con un verbo en plural:

My trousers are dirty.
These scissors dont cut well.

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 Cuantificadores
Todos los cuantificadores se pueden usar con las palabras contables. Sin embargo, solo
algunos pueden ser usados por los incontables.

A/An

Se emplean slo con sustantivos contables en su forma singular. Utilizamos "a" delante de
sonidos consonantes y "an" delante de sonidos vocales. "A" y "an" son llamados artculos
indeterminados. (un/una)
A pencil. / An apple. / A school. / An umbrella. / A chair.

Much/Little (INCONTABLES) mucho/poco

Generalmente se utiliza "much" (mucho) y "little" (poco), con sustantivos que no se pueden
contar:
Ejemplos
Did he drink much water? = Bebi l mucha agua? No, he drank little water = No, l
bebi poco agua.
Do you have much time? = Tienes mucho tiempo? No, I have little time = No, tengo
poco tiempo.

Many/Few (CONTABLES) mucho/poco

Generalmente se emplea "many" (mucho) y "few" (poco), con sustantivos que se pueden
contar:
Do you have many CDs? = Tienes muchos CDs?
No, I have few CDs. = No, tengo pocos CDs.
Does he have many brothers? = Tiene l muchos hermanos?
No, he has few brothers. = No, l tiene pocos hermanos.

Lot of/ a lot (mucho)

Se utiliza tanto para nombres contables, como incontables. La diferencia entre lot of y a
lot, es que LOT OF va seguido de un sustantivo. Mientras que A LOT se usa como pronombre
y aparece generalmente al final.
Ejemplos:
My brother ate lot of oranges She drinks lot of coffee
We played a lot. Rose is running a lot.

SOME/ANY
Some: Se emplea con los sustantivos incontables y tambin con el plural de los
sustantivos contables, en frases afirmativas.
Ejemplos:
I have some milk. (incontable) He has some biscuits. (plural)
Any: Se utiliza para sustantivos incontables y con el plural de los contables, en frases
negativas y en preguntas.
Ejemplos:
Have we got any sugar? (incontable) Are there any chairs? (plural)

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 Comparativo y superlativo
1. Comparativo de igualdad.

AS + Adjetive + AS
En espaol lo traduciramos por tan + adjetivo + como. El adjetivo no cambia de
forma.
Ejemplo:
Marian is as tall as Rose Marian es tan alta como Rose.

NOT AS + Adjetive + AS //o// NOT SO + Adjetive + AS

Se corresponde con la forma negativa para la anterior. Se traduce como no tan +
adjetivo + como. El adjetivo, no cambia de forma.
Ejemplo:
His house isnt as big as mine Su casa no es tan grande como la ma.

2. Comparativo de inferioridad.

LESS + Adjetive + THAN

En espaol lo traduciramos por menos + adjetivo + que. El adjetivo no cambia de
forma.
Ejemplo:
He is less shy than me l es menos tmido que yo.

3. Comparativo de superioridad

Se corresponde con la forma ms+ adjetivo + que en espaol. Todos los

comparativos de superioridad llevan THAN para introducir el segundo trmino a
comparar.

Adjetivos 1 y 2 Slabas 3 o ms slabas

+er (+ than) More + adjetive +THAN
El adjetivo no cambia de forma
Acabados en e
+r (+ than)
Acabados en y (cambiamos por i)
+ier (+ than)
Acabados en vocal + consonante
Dobla la consonante +er (+ than)

Ejemplos:
Aireplanes are faster than cars.
Los aviones son ms rpidos que los coches
Paris is nicer than Huelva
Pars es ms bonita que Huelva
Im happier than you
Estoy ms feliz que t
Todays hotter than yesterday
Hoy es ms caluroso que ayer
Aireplanes are more expesive than cars.
Los aviones son ms caros que los coches
Paris is more famous* than Huelva
Pars es ms famosa que Huelva
Im more exciting than you
Estoy ms excitada que t
Todays more dangerous than yesterday
Hoy es ms peligroso que ayer

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 *FAMOUS, tiene dos slabas, pero suenan como 3, por eso se usa MORE.
4. Superlativo
Se corresponde en espaol a el ms, en ingls siempre va antecedido por el
determinante THE.

Adjetivos 1 y 2 Slabas 3 o ms slabas

(THE) +est The most + adjetive
El adjetivo no cambia de forma
Acabados en e
(THE) +st
Acabados en y (cambiamos por i)
(THE) +iest
Acabados en vocal + consonante
(THE) Dobla la consonante +est
Ejemplos:
Aireplanes are the fastest transports. Aireplanes are the most expesive transports.
Los aviones son los ms rpidos transportes Los aviones son ms caros que los coches
Paris is the nicest city Paris is the most famous* city
Pars es la ciudad ms bonita Pars es la ms famosa ciudad
Im the happiest person Im the most exciting person
Soy la persona ms feliz Soy la persona ms excitada
Todays the hottest day Todays the most dangerous day
Hoy es el da ms caluroso Hoy es el ms peligroso da

5. Superlativo de inferioridad
Se corresponde en espaol a el menos, en ingls siempre se forma con THE LEAST.
El adjetivo nunca cambia.

Ejemplo:
Jimmy is the least intelligent of the class.

6. Comparativos y superlativos irregulares

Adjectivo Comparativo Superlativo

Good Better than The best
Bad Worse than The worst
Much More than The most
Little Less than The least
Far Farther than The farther
Further than The further

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 PRINCIPALES VERBOS MODALES Y SU USO
Funcionan con verbo auxiliares. Es decir, no necesitan do/does/did para formar la negativa y la
interrogativa.

CAN/CANT

Para expresar capacidad para hacer algo

Ejemplo:
She can play the piano very well not as much as she can play the drums.
Sabe tocar muy bien el piano pero no tanto como la batera.

Para pedir algo de manera educada

Ejemplo:
Can I have some water, please? Puedes darme un poco de agua, por favor?

Para expresar posibilidad o imposibilidad

Ejemplo:
I can go to the park on Saturday but I cant go to the cinema on Monday. Puedo
ir al parque el sbado pero no puedo ir al cine el lunes.

Para pedir permiso

Ejemplo:
Can I close the window? Puedo cerrar la ventana?

COULD/COULDNT

Para expresar capacidad de hacer algo en el pasado

Ejemplo:
My father could drive a motorcycle at the age of 16.
Mi padre saba conducir una moto con 16 aos.

Para pedir algo de manera educada (ms formal que CAN)

Ejemplo:
Could you tell me the time, please? Podra decirme la hora, por favor?

Para hacer sugerencias

Ejemplo:
We could have a drink in the pub next to your house.
Podramos tomarnos algo en el bar de al lado de tu casa.

MUST/MUSTNT

En AFIRMATIVA lo utilizamos para expresar obligacin (como normas y leyes)

Ejemplos:
You must wear an uniform at school. Debes llevar uniforme al colegio
In Britain you must drive on the left. En Inglaterra, es obligatorio conducir
por la izquierda.

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 En NEGATIVA Lo utilizamos para expresar prohibicin
Ejemplo:
You mustnt smoke in hospitals or other public places
Est prohibido fumar en los hospitales u otros lugares pblicos
SHOULD/SHOULDNT
Para dar consejos de manera positiva o negativa.
Ejemplos:
You should go to the dentist if your teeth keep aching.
Deberas ir al dentista si te siguen doliendo las muelas.
She shouldnt eat so many sweets if she wants to be healthy.
No debera comer tantos dulces si quiere estar sana.
HAVE TO/DONT HAVE TO
En AFIRMATIVA para expresar obligacin, sin ser norma o ley como MUST
Ejemplo:
You have to be 18 to come in to a disco. Tienes que tener 18 aos para
entrar en una discoteca.
En NEGATIVA para expresar ausencia de obligacin
Ejemplo:
You dont have to bring anything. There will be a lot of food in the BBQ.
No tienes que traer nada. Habr mucha comida en la BBQ.
MAY/MIGHT
Se utiliza MIGHT para: Expresar la posibilidad remota de que algo ocurra
Ejemplo:
It might rain on Sunday afternoon. Podra llover el domingo por la tarde
Se utiliza MAY para: Pedir permiso acerca de algo
Ejemplo:
May I use your phone? Podra utilizar su telfono?
SHALL
Para hacer un ofrecimiento
Ejemplo:
Shall I bring you some coffee or Biscuits? Te traigo caf o galletas?
Para hacer sugerencias
Ejemplo:
Shall we go to dinner tonight? Vamos a cenar esta noche?
NEED/NEEDNT
Para expresar necesidad
Ejemplo:
Need we go now? Es necesario que nos vayamos ahora?
En forma NEGATIVA para expresar ausencia de obligacin
Ejemplo:
You neednt to post the letter for me. No hace falta que enves esa carta por mi.

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FUTURO: TO BE GOING TO/ Present CONTINUOS/ Future WILL
El futuro se puede expresar de tres formas distintas:
Future WILL
Afirmativas
forma completa forma contrada
I Ill work
You youll work
He / She/ It will work He/she/itll work
We Well work
They Theyll work
Negativas
forma completa forma contrada
I
You
He / She/ It will not work Wont work
We
They
Interrogativas
Respuesta breve + Respuesta breve -
Will I work? Yes, I will. No, I wont.
Will you work? Yes, you will. No, you wont.
Will he / she/ it work? Yes, he/she/it will. No, he/she/it wont.
Will we work? Yes, we will. No, we wont.
Will they work? Yes, they will. No, they wont.
Futuro TO BE GOING TO
Afirmativas
forma completa forma contrada
I am going to work Im going to work
You are going to work youre going to work
He / She/ It is going to work He/she/its going to work
We are going to work Were going to work
They are going to work Theyre going to work
Negativas
forma completa forma contrada
I am not going to work Im not going to work
You are not going to work You arent going to work
He / She/ It is not going to work He/she/it isnt going to work
We are not going to work We arent going to work
They are not going to work They arent going to work
Interrogativas
Respuesta breve + Respuesta breve -
Am I going to work? Yes, I am. No, Im not.
Are you going to work? Yes, you are. No, you arent.
Is he / she/ it going to work? Yes, he/she/it is. No, he/she/it isnt.
Are we going to work? Yes, we are. No, we arent.
Are they going to work? Yes, they are. No, they arent.

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 To be going to vs. futuro simple (will)

Planes futuros
1. To be going to + infinitivo se utiliza para expresar acciones futuras ya planeadas
(excepto las que forman parte de un horario o programa)

- Im going to buy a new car next week.

- Theyre going to move house.
- Shes going to have a baby.
- Were going to get married next summer.
- Lindas going to learn Italian.

2. El futuro simple (will), sin embargo, se usa cuando tomamos la decisin de hacer
algo en el momento de hablar, sin haber hecho ningn plan previo:

-The phone is ringing. Ill get it.

-Ill take my umbrella because it s very cloudy.
-Ill have a cup of tea.
-Well go for a walk if you want.

Tambin se utiliza cuando se habla de acciones que forman parte de un horario o programa:

-The train to Liverpool will leave from platform 11.

-The conference will start in half an hour.

Predicciones

1. To be going to + infinitive se utiliza tambin para hacer predicciones cuando

tenemos algn indicio para hacerlas:

- Therere very dark clouds. I think its going to rain very soon.
- She didnt study for the exam. Shes going to fail.
- Weve missed the bus, so were going to be late.

2. El futuro simple (will) se utiliza para hacer predicciones, pero cuando no hay indicios
de ellas, sino que son fruto de la opinin del hablante:

- Buy her that book. Shell like it a lot.

- I think England will lose.
- Itll be cold tonight.

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 WH Questions
What* Qu, cul Se usa para preguntar informacin sobre algo
What is your name? My name is Lynne.
Which* Cul, cules Se usa para preguntar sobre algo entre ms cosas
Which is your car? The red car is mine.
Where Dnde Lo utilizamos para preguntas sobre lugares.
Where are you from? I'm from England.
When Cundo Para preguntas sobre espacios temporales.
When is the party? The party is on Tuesday.
Why Por qu Se usa para cuestiones de causalidad
Why is this web site here? Because it is!
How Cmo Pregunta de modo. Hay que diferenciarlo de cuando va a
compaado de MUCH y MANY, ya que entonces se traduce por
Cunto
How are you? I'm fine thanks.
Who Quin Lo usamos para preguntar la identidad de alguien.
Who are you? I'm Lynne.
Whom A quin Slo se utiliza cuando preguntamos a quin pero es muy
formal. Normalmente se sustituye por WHO.
Whom did you see? I see Lois with her sister.
Whose* De quin Implica una posesin.
Whose is this web site? It's mine

Estructura oracional
Partcula WH + verbo AUX + sujeto + verbo Principal + complementos + ?
* Las partculas WH, What/Which/Whose pueden ir seguidas de un nombre, que se colocara
inmediatamente despus, a continuacin seguira el resto de la estructura oracional.

Ejemplo:

What time is it? Qu hora es? Se podra decir tambin: What is the time?
Which car is yours? Qu coche es el tuyo? O tambin: Which is your car?
Whose umbrella is this? De quin es esta sombrilla? O bien: Whose is this umbrela?

Nmeros ordinales

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