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Sports game
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Main page Not to be confused with electronic sports.

Contents
A sports game is a video game that simulates the practice of sports. Most sports have been
Featured content
recreated with a game, including team sports, track and field, extreme sports and combat sports.
Current events
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Some games emphasize actually playing the sport (such as the Madden NFL series), whilst others
Donate to Wikipedia emphasize strategy and sport management (such as Championship Manager and Out of the Park
Wikipedia store Baseball). Some, such as Need for Speed, Arch Rivals and Punch-Out!!, satirize the sport for
comic effect. This genre has been popular throughout the history of video games and is Part of a series on:
Interaction Simulation video games
competitive, just like real-world sports. A number of game series feature the names and
Help Subgenres [show]
characteristics of real teams and players, and are updated annually to reflect real-world changes.
About Wikipedia [show]
History
Community portal Contents
VTE
Recent changes
1 Game design
Contact page
2 History
Tools 2.1 Beginnings of sports games
What links here 2.2 1980s
Related changes 2.2.1 1990s
Upload file 2.3 Extreme sports enters into the mainstream
Special pages
2.4 Sports games becoming big business
Permanent link
2.5 Motion detection
Page information
Wikidata item 2.5.1 Sega Activator: IR motion detection
Cite this page 2.5.2 Wii Remote: IR motion detection with accelerometry
2.6 Sports games today
Print/export

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 Create a book 3 Types
Download as PDF 3.1 Arcade
Printable version 3.2 Simulation

In other projects
3.3 Management
3.4 Multisport
Wikimedia Commons
3.5 Sports-based fighting
Languages 4 Games and televised sports
5 See also
Catal 6 References
etina
7 External links
Dansk
Deutsch
Espaol

Game design [ edit ]

Franais This section needs expansion.

You can help by adding to it. (February
2009)
Italiano
Nederlands Sports games involve physical and tactical challenges, and test the player's precision and accuracy.[1] Most sports games attempt to

model the athletic characteristics required by that sport, including speed, strength, acceleration, accuracy, and so on.[1] As with their
Norsk
respective sports, these games take place in a stadium or arena with clear boundaries.[1] Sports games often provide play-by-play and
Polski
Portugus color commentary through the use of recorded audio.[1]
Sports games sometimes make use of different modes for different parts of the game. This is especially true in games about American
Suomi
football such as the Madden NFL series, where executing a pass play requires six different gameplay modes in the span of approximately
Svenska
45 seconds.[1] Sometimes, other sports games offer a menu where players may select a strategy while play is temporarily suspended.[1]

Trke Soccer video games sometimes shift gameplay modes when it is time for the player to attempt a penalty kick, where a single athlete tries
to kick a goal passed the other team's goal keeper with no presence from other players.[1] Some sports games also require players to
shift roles between the athletes and the coach or manager. These mode switches are more intuitive than other game genres because
Edit links they reflect actual sports.[1]

Older 2D sports games sometimes used an unrealistic graphical scale, where athletes appeared to be quite large in order to be visible to
the player. As sports games have evolved, players have come to expect a realistic graphical scale with a high degree of verisimilitude.[1]

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 Sports games often simplify the game physics for ease of play, and ignore factors such as a player's inertia.[1] Games typically take place
with a highly accurate time-scale, although they usually allow players to play quick sessions with shorter game quarters or periods.[1]

Sports games sometimes treat button-pushes as continuous signals rather than discrete moves, in order to initiate and end a continuous
action. For example, football games may distinguish between short and the long passes based on how long the player holds a button.
Golf games often initiate the backswing with one button-push, and the swing itself is initiated by a subsequent push.[1] also can
customize person and can make own team

History [ edit ]

See also: History of video games

Beginnings of sports games [ edit ]

In 1958, William Higinbotham created a game called Tennis for Two, a competitive two-player tennis game played on an oscilloscope.
The players would select the angle at which to put their racket, and pressed a button to return it. Although this game was incredibly
simple, it demonstrated how an action game (rather than previous puzzles) could be played on a computer.[2]

Video games prior to the late 1970s were primarily played on university mainframe computers under timesharing systems that supported
multiple computer terminals on school campuses. The two dominant systems in this era were Digital Equipment Corporation's PDP-10
and Control Data Corporation's PLATO. Both could only display text, and not graphics, originally printed on teleprinters and line printers,
but later printed on single-color CRT screens.

Around that time, electro-mechanical sports arcade games were being produced. Examples include Taito's Crown Soccer Special
(1967),[3] Sega's racing game Grand Prix (1969),[4][5] and Chicago Coin's racing game Speedway (1969).[6] In the 1970s, arcade video
games began to appear, many of them centered around the sports genre, after it was popularized by the first commercially successful
video game, Atari's Pong (1972).

In 1973, Taito released an early team sport video game, Davis Cup, a tennis doubles game with similar ball-and-paddle gameplay but
played in doubles, with both players controlling two paddles each.[7] That year, Taito also released another early team sport video game,
Soccer,[8] based on association football; it was also a ball-and-paddle game, but with a green background to simulate a playfield, allowed
each player to control both a forward and a goalkeeper, and let them adjust the size of the players who were represented as paddles on
screen.[9] Both Davis Cup and Soccer were designed by Tomohiro Nishikado of Space Invaders fame.[8] Early hockey video games were

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 also released in 1973: Sega's Hockey TV,[10] and Taito's Pro Hockey, which had similar gameplay to Pong, but with boundaries around
the screen and only a small gap for the goal.[11]

In 1974, Taito released Basketball. It displays images both for the players and the baskets, and is an early attempt at accurately
simulating a team sport. Each player controls two team members, a forward and a guard. The ball can be dribbled and passed between
team members before shooting, and the ball had to fall into the opposing team's basket to score a point.[12] That same year, Sega
released an association football game, Goal Kick, which was played like an early vertical ball-and-paddle game.[13] The first driving video
games were also released that year: Taito's Speed Race (1974)[8][14] which introduced scrolling graphics,[15] and Atari's Gran Trak 10. In
1976, the driving subgenre was extended into three dimensions, with the forward-scrolling third-person perspective of Sega's motorbike
racing game Moto-Cross,[16] soon re-branded as Fonz that same year,[17] and with the first-person perspective of Atari's Night Driver.

In 1975, Universal Research Laboratories (URL) released an early four-player multiple-sports game, Video Action, which featured several
different sporting minigames, including Pong-style variants of tennis, hockey, and association football, as well as an early volleyball game
and a unique four-court tennis game. Video Action was also an early example of cooperative gameplay, as each sport could be played in
teams of two.[18] That same year, Nintendo released EVR-Race, an early horse racing simulation game with support for up to six
players.[19] In 1976, Sega released an early combat sport game, Heavyweight Champ, based on boxing and now considered the first
fighting game.[20] In 1978 Atari released Atari Football, which is considered to be the first video game to accurately emulate American
football;[21] it also popularized the use of the trackball, having been inspired by an earlier Taito soccer game that used a trackball.[22] Taito
also released an early bowling game in 1978, Top Bowler,[23] followed by an early baseball game in 1979, Ball Park.[24]

1980s [ edit ]

Between 1980 and 1984, Atari and Mattel's Intellivision waged a series of high-stakes TV advertising campaigns promoting their
respective systems, marking the start of the first console wars. Atari prevailed in arcade games and had a larger customer base due to its
lower price, while Intellivision touted its visually superior sports games. Sports writer George Plimpton was featured in the Intellivision
ads,[25] which showed the parallel games side by side. Both Atari and Intellivision fielded at least one game for baseball, American
football, hockey, basketball, auto racing and association football.

Activision Tennis (1981)

Track & Field (1982)
Pole Position (1982)

In 1981, Taito released Alpine Ski, an early extreme sport game, based on winter sports. It was a vertical scrolling game that involved
maneuvering a skier through multiple events: a downhill ski course, a slalom racing course, and a ski jumping competition.[26] That same

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 year, Sega's Turbo introduced a third-person perspective into the genre,[27] with Namco's Pole Position then popularizing the now
common rear-view racer format and introducing AI opponents the following year.[28]

In 1982, Taito released an early golf game, Birdie King,[29] Tehkan released an early swimming game, Swimmer,[30] and Data East
released an early fishing game, Angler Dangler.[31] That same year, ZX Spectrum released the first association football management
simulation, Football Manager, while Konami released an early Olympic-themed athletics game, Track & Field, which featured multiple
Olympic track & field events (including the 100-meter dash, long jump, javelin throw, 110-meter hurdles, hammer throw, and high jump)
and allowed up to four players to compete.[32] In 1983, EA produced their first sports game Dr. J and Larry Bird Go One on One,[33] which
was also the first licensed sports game based on the names and likenesses of famous athletes.

Also in 1983, Alpha Denshi's arcade release Champion Baseball published by Sega displayed
the playfield using several different camera angles, including a close-up shot of the player and
batter, and gave players the option of selecting relief pitchers or pinch hitters, while an umpire
looks on attentively to make the game calls. The game was very popular in Japanese arcades at
the time.[34][35] That same year, Mattel released Intellivision World Series Baseball (IWSB) by
Don Daglow and Eddie Dombrower, possibly the earliest sports game to use multiple camera
angles to show the action in a manner resembling a television broadcast. Earlier sports games
One of the various angles of
prior to this had displayed the entire field on screen, or scrolled across static top-down fields to
Intellivision World Series Baseball, one
show the action. IWSB mimicked television baseball coverage by showing the batter from a of the earliest sports game to
modified "center field" camera, the baserunners in corner insets and defensive plays from a incorporate multiple camera angles in a
manner resembling a television
camera behind the batter.[36] It was also, along with Champion Baseball, one of the first sports
broadcast.
games to feature audibly-speaking players (as opposed to text), using the Mattel Intellivoice
module.

Another early sports game to show multiple camera angles in 1983 was Irem's MotoRace USA, a motorbike racing game that switched
between vertical-scrolling and third-person views depending on the player's location on the map, switching to third-person view when
near a city and to a vertical-scrolling view when on country roads.[37][38] Another early sports game to feature digitized voices from that
year was Alpha Denshi's Exciting Soccer, an early influential soccer football game, which let one or two players choose from six teams,
featured a control scheme where they could tackle, shoot, short-pass, and long-pass, featured an overhead view, and had realistic
touches like corner kicks, throw-ins, penalty shots, and cheerleaders.[39] Other early soccer football games from that same year were
Data East's Pro Soccer[40] and Commodore's International Soccer. Two early water sport games, both based on waterskiing, were also
released that year: Taito's Water Ski[41] and Irem's Tropical Angel, the latter also featuring a female player character.[42] That same year,

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 Taito released Joshi Volleyball, an early volleyball game,[43] and they released Irem's 10-Yard Fight, an American-football game that
featured an early career mode, where the player progresses from high school, to college, professional, playoff, and Super Bowl, as the
difficulty increases with each step.[44] Meanwhile, Kaneko released Roller Aces, an early roller skating game played from a third-person
perspective.[45] An early wrestling game, Techns Japan's Tag Team Wrestling, was also released that year,[46] and was followed by
another wrestling game, Sega's Appoooh, the year after.[47]

In 1984, several early sports laserdisc video games were released, including Universal's Top Gear which featured 3D animated race car
driving,[48] while Sega's GP World[49] and Taito's Laser Grand Prix[50] featured live-action footage. Sega also produced a unique
bullfighting game, Bull Fight,[51] and a multiple-watersports game Water Match (published by Bally Midway), which included swimming,
kayaking and boat racing;[52] while Taito released a fully third-person motorbike racing game Kick Start,[53] an early female sports game
based on high-school track & field, The Undoukai,[54] and an early dirt track racing game Buggy Challenge, featuring a buggy.[55] Other
early dirt racing games from that year were dirt bike games: Nintendo's Excitebike[56] and SNK's motocross game Jumping Cross.[57]
Nintendo also released an early four-player racquet sport game, Vs. Tennis (the Nintendo Vs. System version of Tennis),[58] while SNK
released an early horse racing game, Gladiator 1984.[59]

That same year, early ice hockey games were also released: Alpha Denshi's Bull Fighter[60] and Data East's Fighting Ice Hockey.[61] Data
East also released a unique lawn sports game Haro Gate Ball, based on croquet,[62] while Nichibutsu released a unique game based on
roller derby, Roller Jammer.[63] Meanwhile, Technos Japan released a unique game based on sumo wrestling, Syusse Oozumou,[64] and
the first martial arts combat-sport game, Karate Champ, considered one of the most influential fighting games.[65][66] That same year,
game designer Scott Orr founded GameStar, a game publisher specializing in Commodore 64 sports games, and served as its lead
designer. GameStar was the most successful sports computer game company of its era, until Orr sold the company to Activision in
1986.[67]

In 1985, Sega released Hang-On, a popular early Grand Prix style rear-view motorbike racer,[68] considered the first full-body-experience
video game.[69] That same year, Nintendo released an early arm wrestling game, Arm Wrestling,[70] while Konami released a table tennis
game that attempted to accurately reflect the sport, Konami's Ping Pong.[71] That year, Tehkan also released Tehkan World Cup, one of
the first multiplayer soccer football games featuring a trackball controller,[72] where a button was used for kicking the ball and the trackball
used for the direction and speed of the shot, with gameplay that was fairly realistic.[73] In 1988, EA released Earl Weaver Baseball again
developed by Don Daglow and Eddie Dombrower, which for the first time combined a highly accurate simulation game with high quality
graphics. This was also the first game in which an actual baseball manager provided the computer AI. In 1996 Computer Gaming World
named 'EWB the 25th of its Best 150 Games of All Time, the second highest ranking for any sports game in that 19811996 period (after
FPS Football).[74]

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 1990s [ edit ]

The 1990s began in the 16 bit era, as a wave of fourth generation video game consoles were created to handle more complex games
and graphics.

In 1989 Electronic Arts producer Richard Hilleman hired GameStar's Scott Orr to re-design John Madden Football for the fast-growing
Sega Genesis. In 1990 Orr and Hilleman released the game that is still recognized today as Madden Football, the best-selling sports
game in North America up until that time.[citation needed] They focused on producing a head-to-head two-player game with an intuitive
interface and responsive controls.

Also in 1990, Taito released Football Champ, an early soccer football game to allow up to four players in multiplayer mode, involving both
competitive and cooperative gameplay. It also let players perform a number of actions, including a back heel, power kick, high kick,
sliding tackle, super shot, and fouling other players (kicking, punching, and pulling shirts), which the player can get away with if the
referee isn't looking, but the referee will hand out a yellow or red penalty card if he spots foul play.[75] In 1991, the American football game
Tecmo Super Bowl was the first mainstream sports game to feature both the league and player association licenses of the sport it
emulated; previous titles either had one license or the other, but Tecmo Super Bowl was the first to feature real NFL players on real
teams.[76]

Orr joined EA full-time in 1991 after the success of Madden on the Sega Genesis, and began a ten-year period of his career where he
personally supervised the production of the Madden Football series. During this time EA formed EA Sports, a brand name used for sports
games they produced. EA Sports created several ongoing series, with a new version released each year to reflect the changes in the
sport and its teams since the previous release.

Eventually in the 1990s, 3D graphics were introduced in sports arcade games. In particular, Sega's Virtua Striker in 1994 was the first
association football game to use 3D computer graphics, and was also notable for its early use of texture mapping.[77] That same year saw
the arrival of the 32-bit era of video game consoles, with the release of the Sega Saturn and Sony's PlayStation, both capable of 3D
graphics. Soon after, 3D graphics cards were introduced for personal computers (PCs). These updated systems allowed home sports
games to also be made in 3D. The first sports console game to exploit these updates was Gremlin Interactive's Actua Soccer, released in
1995 for the PlayStation.

Meanwhile, Sierra Online released Front Page Sports Football in 1995 for the PC. The following year Computer Gaming World named it
twelfth of the Best 150 Games of All Time, the highest ranking sports game in the list.[74]

Extreme sports enters into the mainstream [ edit ]

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 At the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st century, extreme sport video games began to appear more frequently.

In 1996, two early snowboarding games were released: Namco's Alpine Surfer in the arcades,[78] and the UEP Systems game Cool
Boarders for the PlayStation console.[79] The following year, Square's popular role-playing video game, Final Fantasy VII, included a
snowboarding minigame that was later released as an independent snowboarding game, Final Fantasy VII Snowboarding, for mobile
phones.[80] In 2000, SSX was released. Based around boardercross, the game featured fast downhill races, avoiding various objects
whilst using others to perform jumps and increase the player's speed.[81]

In 1997, Sega released one of the first mainstream skateboarding games, Top Skater,[82] in the arcades, where it introduced a
skateboard controller interface.[83] The following year saw the release of the console skateboarding game Street Sk8er, developed by
Atelier Double and published by Electronic Arts. In 1999, the subgenre was further popularized by Tony Hawk's Pro Skater, an arcade-like
skateboarding game where players were challenged to execute elaborate tricks or collect a series of elements hidden throughout the
level.[82]

Sports games becoming big business [ edit ]

On December 13, 2004, Electronic Arts began a string of deals that granted exclusive rights to several prominent sports organizations,
starting with the NFL.[84] This was quickly followed with two deals in January 2008 securing rights to the AFL[85] and ESPN licenses.[86]
This was a particularly hard blow to Sega, the previous holder of the ESPN license, who had already been affected by EA's NFL deal. As
the market for football brands was being quickly taken by EA, Take-Two Interactive responded by contacting the Major League Baseball
Players Association and signing a deal that granted exclusive third-party major-league baseball rights;[87] a deal not as restrictive, as first-
party projects were still allowed. The NBA was then approached by several developers, but declined to enter into an exclusivity
agreement, instead granting long-term licenses to Electronic Arts, Take-Two Interactive, Midway Games, Sony, and Atari.[88] In April
2005, EA furthered its hold on American football licensing by securing rights to all NCAA brands.[89]

Motion detection [ edit ]

Sega Activator: IR motion detection [ edit ]

Main article: Sega Genesis Peripherals

In 1993, Sega released the Sega Activator, a motion detection game controller designed to respond to a player's body movements, for
their Genesis console.[90] The Activator was based on the Light Harp, a MIDI controller invented by Assaf Gurner.[91]

Like the Light Harp, the Activator is an octagonal frame that lies on the floor. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on the frame vertically project
thin, invisible beams of infrared light. When something, such as a player's arm or leg, ineerrupts a beam, the device reads the distance at

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 which the interruption occurred, and interprets the signal as a command. The device can also interpret signals from multiple beams
simultaneously (i.e., chords) as a distinct command.

Sega designed especial Activator motions for a few of their own game releases. By tailoring motion signals specifically for a game, Sega
attempted to provide a more intuitive gaming experience. A player could, for example, compete in Greatest Heavyweights of the Ring or
Eternal Champions by miming punches.

Despite these efforts, the Activator was a commercial failure. Like the Power Glove of 1989, it was widely rejected for its "unwieldiness
and inaccuracy".[90]

Wii Remote: IR motion detection with accelerometry [ edit ]

Main article: Wii Remote

In 2006, Nintendo released Wii Sports, a sports game for the Wii console in which the player
had to physically move their Wii Remote to move their avatar.[92] The game contained five
different sportsboxing, bowling, golf, tennis, and baseballwhich could all be played
individually or with multiple players. Players could also track their skill progress through the
game, as they became more proficient at the different sports, and use the training mode to
practice particular situations.[93] As of 2013, Wii Sports became the second-highest selling
video game of all time.[94]
Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games
Wii Sports opened the way for other physically reactive sports-based video games, such as
(2007), a Wii game played by miming
Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games, the first official title to feature both Mario and Sonic the sports activity.
Hedgehog, in which players used the Wii Remote to simulate running, jumping and other
Olympic sports.[95] In 2008, Nintendo released Wii Fit, which allowed players to do aerobic
and fitness exercises using the Wii Balance Board.[96] In a similar light, 2008 saw the release of Mario Kart Wii, a racing game which
allowed the player to use their remote with a Wii Wheel to act as a steering wheel, akin to those on traditional arcade racing games.[97]

Sports games today [ edit ]

The sports genre is currently dominated by EA Sports and 2K Sports, who hold licenses to produce games based on official leagues.
EA's franchises include the FIFA series, the NBA Live series, the Madden Football series, the NHL series, and Tiger Woods series. All of
these games feature real leagues, competitions and players. These games continue to sell well today despite many of the product lines
being over a decade old, and receive, for the most part, consistently good reviews.

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 With 2K & EA Sports' domination, the market has become very difficult to enter; competing games in any of the above genres, with the
exception of racing games, tend to be unsuccessful. This has led to a sharp drop in sports-themed titles over recent years. One of the
most notable exceptions is Konami's Pro Evolution Soccer series, which is often hailed as an alternative to the FIFA series, but does not
contain as many licensed teams, players, kits, or competitions. Another deviation from the norm is Sony's MLB The Show series, which
now has a monopoly on the baseball genre after the withdrawal of 2K after MLB 2K13.[98] Racing games, due to the variation that the
sport can offer in terms of tracks, cars and styles, offer more room for competition and the selection of games on offer has been
considerably greater. Sports management games, while not as popular as they used to be, live on through small and independent
software development houses. Management titles today have transitioned to the very popular fantasy sports leagues, which are available
through many websites such as Yahoo. Independent developers are also creating sports titles like Super Mega Baseball, The Golf Club,
and Freestyle2: Street Basketball.[99]

Nintendo has been able to make an impact upon the sports market by producing several Mario-themed titles, such as Super Mario
Strikers, Mario Hoops 3-on-3, Mario Tennis Open, and Mario Golf: World Tour. These titles sell respectfully, but are only available on
Nintendo's video game consoles, for example Nintendo GameCube, Nintendo 64, Nintendo 3DS, Wii, and the Wii U.

Types [ edit ]

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations
to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2009) (Learn how
and when to remove this template message)

Arcade [ edit ]

Sports games have traditionally been very popular arcade games. The competitive nature of sports lends itself well to the arcades where
the main objective is usually to obtain a high score. The arcade style of play is generally more unrealistic and focuses on a quicker
gameplay experience. However the competitive nature of sports and being able to gain a high score while compete against friends for
free online, has made online sports games very popular. Examples of this include the NFL Blitz and NBA Jam series.

Simulation [ edit ]

Simulation games are more realistic than arcade games, with the emphasis being more on realism than on how fun the game is to pick
up and play. Simulation games tend to be slower and more accurate while arcade games tend to be fast and can have all kinds of ad-hoc

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 rules and ideas thrown in, especially pre-2000. For example, NBA Jam had only two players on each team and there was a NES game
where every bicycle kick performed no matter where in the field it was made the screen flash and ended up as a goal.

Management [ edit ]

A sports management game puts the player in the role of team manager. Whereas some games are played online against other players,
management games usually pit the player against AI controlled teams in the same league. Players are expected to handle strategy,
tactics, transfers, and financial issues. Various examples of these games can be found in the sports management category.

Multisport [ edit ]

Since Track & Field, games have combined multiple sports into a single game. Wii Sports and Wii Sports Resort are recent examples.
Multisport tournaments are becoming the basis for computer games.

Sports-based fighting [ edit ]

Sports-based fighting games are titles that fall firmly within the definitions of both the Fighting game and Sports game genre, such as
boxing and wrestling video games. As such, they are usually put in their own separate subgenres. Often the fighting is far more realistic
than in traditional fighting games (though the amount of realism can greatly vary), and many feature real-world franchises or fighters.
Examples of this include the Fight Night and WWE 2K series.

Games and televised sports [ edit ]

More and more, video sports games are starting to look and act like their TV counterparts as developers focus on creating realistic
commentary and camera-angles. Additionally, televised sports, namely American football, have started to model some of their cameras
on those seen in video games.[when?]

See also [ edit ]

Chronology of baseball video games

List of association football video games
List of volleyball video games

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 References [ edit ]

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Rollings, Andrew; Ernest Adams (2006). 21. ^ "History of Atari Football" . Atarifootball.com. 4 July 2009.
Fundamentals of Game Design . Prentice Hall. Retrieved 2011-07-19.
2. ^ Reimer, Jeremy (10 October 2005). "The evolution of gaming: 22. ^ Kent, Steve L. (2001). The ultimate history of video games: from
computers, consoles, and arcade" . Sports games. Retrieved Pong to Pokmon and beyond : the story behind the craze that
2009-05-14. touched our lives and changed the world. Prima. p. 118. ISBN 0-
3. ^ Crown Soccer Special at the Killer List of Videogames 7615-3643-4. "Contrary to a popular notion, Football was not the
4. ^ Grand Prix at the Killer List of Videogames first game to use a trak-ball controller. According to Dave Stubben,
5. ^ Bill Loguidice & Matt Barton (2009), Vintage games: an insider who created the hardware for Atari Football, Taito beat Atari to
look at the history of Grand Theft Auto, Super Mario, and the most market with a soccer game that used one. According to Steve
influential games of all time, p. 198, Focal Press, ISBN 0-240- Bristow, when his engineers saw the game, they brought a copy
81146-1 into their lab and imitated it."
6. ^ Speedway at the Killer List of Videogames 23. ^ Top Bowler at the Killer List of Videogames
7. ^ Davis Cup at the Killer List of Videogames 24. ^ Ball Park at the Killer List of Videogames
8. ^ a b c Chris Kohler (2005), Power-up: how Japanese video games 25. ^ "Intellivision Apace Action Network" . Intellivision Lives.
gave the world an extra life, p. 16, BradyGames, ISBN 0-7440- Retrieved 2009-05-14.
0424-1 26. ^ Alpine Ski at the Killer List of Videogames
9. ^ Soccer , Killer List of Videogames 27. ^ Turbo at the Killer List of Videogames
10. ^ Hockey TV at the Killer List of Videogames 28. ^ Pole Position at the Killer List of Videogames
11. ^ Pro Hockey at the Killer List of Videogames 29. ^ Birdie King at the Killer List of Videogames
12. ^ Basketball at the Killer List of Videogames 30. ^ Swimmer at the Killer List of Videogames
13. ^ Goal Kick at the Killer List of Videogames 31. ^ Angler Dangler at the Killer List of Videogames
14. ^ Speed Race at the Killer List of Videogames 32. ^ Track and Field at the Killer List of Videogames
15. ^ Bill Loguidice & Matt Barton (2009), Vintage games: an insider 33. ^ "Dr. J and Larry Bird Go One on One" . MobyGames. Retrieved
look at the history of Grand Theft Auto, Super Mario, and the most 2009-05-14.
influential games of all time, p. 197, Focal Press, ISBN 0-240- 34. ^ "Japan's Latest Coin-Op Set To Hit North America" . Electronic
81146-1 Games. 2 (22): 12. December 1983. Retrieved 5 February 2012.
16. ^ Moto-Cross at the Killer List of Videogames 35. ^ Champion Baseball at the Killer List of Videogames
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External links [ edit ]

Crawford, G. (19 January 2015). "Is it in the Game? Reconsidering Play Spaces, Game Definitions, Theming, and Sports
Videogames" . Games and Culture. 10 (6): 571592. doi:10.1177/1555412014566235 .
Mia Consalvo; Konstantin Mitgutsch; Abe Stein. Sports Videogames. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-19199-2.

VTE Sport [show]

VTE Video game genres [show]

Categories: Video game genres Sports video games Video game terminology

This page was last edited on 14 September 2017, at 23:45.

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