Tuesday, August 22, 2017 11:31 AM

Germany -
- Organ was getting more advanced
- Buxtehude - End of 1600's
Audio Daily church organist Audio Listening
Recording Concerts Recording Prelude in A Minor
Lubeck (good gig to get) - Figures like Vivaldi Violin
Audio recording started: 11:32 AM Thursday, August 24, 2017 Audio recording started: 11:43 AM Thursday, August 31, 2017 - Fast lines and reoccurring chromatic motifs Audio
Fame, Bach
Recording
Listening
Italy and Germany in the Late 1600's "Buxtehude Prelude" Audio recording started: 11:40 AM Thursday, September 7, 2017
- Organ showpiece before a chorale
Italy and Germany consisted of different parts with all having different customs, restrictions and general rules. - Alternating fee and imitative/fugal sections
Town musicians were common in all the regions that played for political and church functions Shows organist's skills (pedals. Lots of flourishing lines)
Audio
Simulated improv
Italian Baroque Vocal Music Recording
- People were getting attached to the performer and not the rep.
- People would spread music and performers that they liked to different regions Audio recording started: 11:32 AM Tuesday, September 5, 2017
- Explosion of arias and operas (Venice) because of and for the performers
Da capo Aria- ABA
- Has two sections that set different stanzas of text
- Were very embellished when performed because it was always repeated
- Very popular at the end of the 1600's Audio
Alessandro Scarlatti Recording
- 1660-1725 in Rome - Center for cantatas Age of Enlightenment
- Leading Italian vocal composer (600+ cantatas) - More intimate vocal and short chamber work Audio recording started: 11:43 AM Tuesday, August 29, 2017 Reason, Philosophy were big
- Used expressive harmony with focus on the singer Italy- Instrumental Music - John Locke and Adam Smith
Listening- 1750- Population is expanding Diderot Encyclopedia Music and the Church
"Clori Vezzosa, e bella" - Cantata - Schools teaching Greek and Latin, (Enlightenment) - Everything about everything at the time(18th century) Catholic Church - history of debate on music's role
- Downward and chromaticism convey a lament type mood - Demand for new music in large cities
- Very expressive harmony Antonio Vivaldi Jean -Phillipe Rameau (1683-1764) Lutheran Church - New tradition
"Si, si ben mio" - Da capo Aria - Best known Italian Composer - Organist in early life, then moved to Paris - Focused on congregational participation, the words(the vernacular
- Repeat changes the way he embellished - Very prolific in many genres - Fame in late life - Different theological focuses
- Worked at "Pio Ospedale della Pieta" *Venice - Wrote a book on tonal harmony called "Traite de l' harmonie (1722) Johann Sebastian Bach
Instrumental Forms - Showing off performer and for the social and/or ceremonial function Home for poor and illegitimate children Based on acoustics and overtones Keyboard Works Cantatas
Arcangelo Corelli Taught and composed music for them Built chords on each scale degree each relating to each other Organ works for church services - Preludes, Organ Chorales Based on text or story, but not an Opera
- 1653-1713 Listening Each piece has one tonic Well-Tempered Clavier Neumeister: 1700. solidifying for Lutheran services
- Largely Rome based "Opus 3 #6: L'estro Armonico" Dominant to tonic Teaching Comp. - Basis in scripture
- Known for instrumental forms - Collection of 12 different concerto Circle of 5ths, because of science Bach Fugue Form - New text extrapolating
- One of the first to become famous for his instrumental works - 3 movements - Exposition-Episode-Subject - Musical settings to reinforce
- Melodies has flowing harmony
- Very basic sounding. He became the standard. - Soloist or group playing with large ensemble - Similar to ritornello but with one instrument - Lutheran services at 7am for three hours
- Power in tension created by dissonance
- His works were published and widely distributed - Ensemble was divided strings, and or winds - Statements of subject are tonal guideposts - 30 minute cantata
Listening
- Wrote a lot of Sonatas - Melodic sections are permutated Bach's Cantatas
"Hippolyte et Aricie" , Act 4 **Opera
Trio sonatas - two violins and basso continuo Inversion, augmentation, stretto(dispersed entrances) etc.. - From different periods, but lots from Leipzig
Ritornello Form - Came about later in Rameau's life
"Sonata da chiesa" and "camera" - Used for fast movements (1 and 3) Listening - Complete cycles from a few years (5 complete)
- Story comes from Greek about a misunderstood love triangle, gods punish
Church Sonata and Chamber Sonatas - Starts with a full intro to the theme or main melody Fugue in A minor, BWV 543 - Lots and lots of works
Scene 1
Chamber has prelude and dance forms. Bass accompanies and upper voices have the good stuff - Rit-Episode-Rit-Episode-Rit *Rit acts as tonal guideposts - Ritornello form-like - Style: incorporation of what we've seen elsewhere
- Expressive harmony
Church sonatas- More abstract with more active basso continuo used for Church Mass. - Alternates between the whole group and the soloist(episodes) - Shows off the organist Listening
- Roaring orchestra to symbolize the sea monster
Listening- - Tutti sections= Ritornello Cantata for first Sunday of Advent 1724
- More dissonance than usual
"Trio Sonata in D Major" by Corelli Well-Tempered Clavier "Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland"
- Is the conclusion of scene 3
- First and third movements are slow - Equal temperament vs mean tone - Chorale cantata: Based off of Martin Luther's Chorale
1st Movement - Works on various techniques Scene 4
- Second and fourth were faster Equal temperament sounds pretty good in every key - Middle: new poetic gloss
2nd Movement - Very legato and somber. Works on a use with expression - Moves between chorus, recitative and aria
1st mvmt - Grave - Slow Mean tone sounds really good in one key and its related keys - Style: everything we've seen!
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- Walking bass - Allows Bach to write in all keys - Da capo arias, racit/aria pairs, ritornello
France - Some people liked what Rameau wrote
- Interplay between violins (very equal) - Used compositions as a teaching tool For bass, interaction with Christ
- Some thought it was out of good taste
- Built on sequences and suspensions Francois Couperin - From a Family of active musicians from the 1500's to 1800's Prelude and Fugue NO.8 , From Well-Tempered Clavier Aria deals with Christ coming in the flesh
2nd mvmt- Fugal, Allegro around Paris Fugue in D# minor St. Mathew Passion
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)
3rd mvmt- lyrical operatic duet-ish - Nicknamed "Le Grand" or Big deal - Implements inversions, stretto and augmentation to the melodic statements - Story of Christ's passion, told by a tenor narrator(recit) with biblica
- From Couperin and had 20 children with 2 wives
4th mvmt- Dancelike , binary - Organist for Kind Louis XIV - Dramatized in other voices
- Organ virtuoso and craftsman
- Well versed in different styles - Like cantata, a plot but no staging
Working Life
- Composed for younger musicians much like Vivaldi in Italy. Bach and the Church - Use of operatic forms here too
- Multiple posts around Germany
- Believed to correspond with Bach Weimar, Cothen and Leipzig Duties: Vocal music for services Aria "Erbarme Dich"
- Most important composer of trio sonatas Playing: Preludes for services - Peter after his denial of Christ
- Not much freedom
- Wrote character pieces for keyboard Under Contracts, so travel was controlled - Fits within the church spirit - No full second section, spinning out first with new text
- Themes and texts/melodies - Obbligato aria: Solo violin, continuo, strings, voice
Listening Patronage difficulties
Bach's Organ Preludes - Falling lines convey the emotion
"Vignt-Cenquieme Ordre" Time constraints
- 25th Ordre: collection of suite of pieces for harpsichord - Based on a well-known melody
- Wrote a variety of works :Cantatas, concerti, suites, keyboard works and organ chorales
- Pieces de caractere (Keyboard Suite) - Played with melody with virtuosity and a expressive style setting
- Bach Works Catalogue (BWV)
a) "La Visionare"- The Visionary Listening
Bach's Organ Works
- Lots of dotted rhythm Choral Prelude on Durch Adams Fall
- Played himself for his jobs
- Slow in beginning In protestant churches - Dark tone to the music
- Sequences (style bending) - Lot of imagery around the lyrics(not sung)
Like Buxtehude
b) "Les ombres errantes" or "The Lost Souls" - Virtuosic , showed Baroque interests and forms
- Chromaticism helps depict the title - Great improvisor
- Well versed in contemporaries

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Recording

Audio recording started: 11:51 AM Tuesday, September 12, 2017

George Frideric Handel

r) - 1685-1759
- German, but cosmopolitan
- Woks in Italy, Germany and England
- Writes for public
- Contemporary of Bach

He worked quickly when writing

- Sketch out acts
- Flesh out recitative and choruses
- Some changes later-largely small, but some restructures

**Borrowed music frequently and free

Handel and Opera

- Germany :trains, learns Italian tradition (German recit)
- Italy: Writes in (mostly) Italian style, with French overture/dance (Da Capo Aria)
- England: first Italian opera for London
Royal Academy of Music
Continental talent
For the public
Handel's Drama
- RAM disbanding
- Rival company (Opera of the Nobility)
- Expensive productions
- Star singers
- Bankrupt by (1737-41)
al text and interpolations
Listening Giulio Cesare, Act 2 scene 2 (Opera)
- Story: Julius Caesar and Cleopatra
- Blending of standard musical elements
- Da ca aria (orchestral intro, a, contrasting B, return to A)
- Dramatic effect , formal surprises , types of recitative singing

Recitative setting: Break from past norms and Scarlatti style

- Simple recitative: straightforward speech like setting with basso continuo accompaniment
- Accompanied recitative: Orchestral interjections. (More expressive)
Choruses: Blending of styles
- Counterpoint like Bach
- Clear harmony like Rameau

Listening Saul (1739)

- Oratorio: vocal work that tells story, no staging
Not meant for a religious ceremony
Easier to produce and cheaper
- Story: Biblical, King Saul seeking to harm David
- This scene: Banquet, Saul frustrated, plans to harm David
- Full of different styles esp. in recitative

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