INTRODUCTION

TO
SCIENTIFIC SCIENCE
AND
TECHNOLOGICAL vs
ACTIVITIES

TECHNOLOGY
Roger Posadas

?
Technology
? ?
? ?
?
? ? ? ?
? ?
Science ? ? ? ?
? ?

Technology - the dynamic, cumulative system of reproducible

Science - the dynamic, cumulative systems of
verifiable concepts, principles, methods, laws,
theories, and processes which seek to describe,
understand, and predict natural phenomena.
methods, techniques, and processes which may be derived
from empirical know-how or scientific knowledge and which are
used by human societies for the production, improvement, and
distribution of goods and services as well as for the satisfaction
of other material needs.
 Technology
Science seeks to !
!
seeks to
!
invent
Discover
!
new or
Improved tools
the and
workings of nature materials
(hardware)
!
or
!
better ways
of doing things
(software)

scientific activity
Science know-why
new knowledge

Technology published as a scientific paper
know-how presented in a scientific conference

technological activity

new product or process

appropriated in the form of a patent
commercially exploited
 scientist?

professor?

? ?
? professor
? ? ? ?
? ? ? ?
? ? scientist ? ? ?
? ?

A scientist or practitioner of science is one

A scholar or professor of science is one
who is actively engaged in generating new
who merely studies or teaches science.
knowledge
 Science
!
!
knowledge
oriented

Technology
!
product oriented What are the
processes
involved?
!
scientists
RESEARCH
new knowledge

Technologists
!
EXPERIMENTAL
DEVELOPMENT What are the different types of research?
!
!
new product or process

Basic or Fundamental Applied Research, on the

Research is that type of other hand, is that type of
research which seeks to research which seeks to
discover new scientific
discover new scientific
knowledge for the explicit
knowledge for its own purpose of applying it to
sake without regard to its some specific practical
possible application. objective in connection with
! a product or process.
An example of this type of !
research is afforded by An example of this type of
research activities in research is afforded by
theoretical physics. research activities in the
agricultural sciences.
all research in the frontier areas of physics, Mission-oriented Research
biology, chemistry, and mathematics - tightly organized, time-framed,
and vertically integrated R&D
- BASIC RESEARCH activities which are directed
towards the attainment of a
! specific technological
all research in the agricultural, objective or mission in
connection with some social,
medical, and engineering sciences economic, political, or military
goal.
- APPLIED RESEARCH !
e.g. mission-oriented projects
are the Manhattan Project,
and the Apollo Moon
Project

What are the Basic Sciences or

basic
Natural and
Mathematical Sciences:
categories of !
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
the sciences? CHEMISTRY
EARTH SCIENCES
PHYSICS
MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES
 Applied Sciences or
Technological Sciences:
!
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
ENGINEERING SCIENCES
MEDICAL SCIENCES

hmmm. OK
now for our last group of terms

Science Education refers to the teaching of

science and mathematics at the primary and Scientific Education and Training
secondary level. - the education and training at the university level of
PRINCIPAL AIMS: basic and applied scientists as well as science
!
(a) the inculcation of scientific
teachers.
values, attitudes, and
outlook as prerequisites to
the development of a
scientific culture,
(b) the propagation of the Technological Education and
scientific method and Training
critical thinking, and - the education and training at
(c) the transmission of basic the university level of
scientific concepts, ideas,
and principles needed for professional engineers, R &
attaining some basic D engineers, and other
degree of scientific technologists.
literacy.
 Technical Education & Training
- the education and training of
technicians and technical Thank
teachers.
You!!!!

Scientific and Technological Popularization

- the promotion of science consciousness among
the general public through popular media
presentations of scientific and technological
wonders, science books and magazines for
laymen, science fairs, etc.