Pros or Positives of Animal Testing

1. Helps researchers to find drugs and treatments: PAUL

The major pro for animal testing is that it aids researchers in finding drugs and treatments to
improve health and medicine. Many medical treatments have been made possible by animal testing,
including cancer and HIV drugs, insulin, antibiotics, vaccines and many more.

2. Improves human health: PAUL

It is for this reason that animal testing is considered vital for improving human health and it is also
why the scientific community and many members of the public support its use. In fact, there are
also individuals who are against animal testing for cosmetics but still support animal testing for
medicine and the development of new drugs for disease.

3. Relatively few animals are used in research, which is a small price to pay for advancing medical
progress. PAUL

People in the United States eat 9 billion chickens and 150 million cattle, pigs and sheep annually,
yet we only use around 26 million animals for research, 95% of which are rodents, birds and
fish. [1] [2] [115] We eat more than 1,800 times the number of pigs than the number used in
research, and we consume more than 340 chickens for every research animal. [2]

4. Helps ensure safety of drugs:

Another important aspect to note is that animal testing helps to ensure the safety of drugs and many
other substances humans use or are exposed to regularly. Drugs in particular can carry significant
dangers with their use but animal testing allows researchers to initially gauge the safety of drugs
prior to commencing trials on humans. This means that human harm is reduced and human lives
are saved not simply from avoidance of the dangers of drugs but because the drugs themselves
save lives as well as improve the quality of human life.

5. Alternative methods of testing do not simulate humans in the same way

Scientists typically use animals for testing purposes because they are considered similar to
humans. As such, researchers do recognise the limitations and differences but the testing is done
on animals because they are thought to be the closest match and best one with regards to
applying this data to humans.

Cons or Negatives of Animal Testing

1. Animals are killed or kept in captivity: EDITH

In animal testing, countless animals are experimented on and then killed after their use. Others are
injured and will still live the remainder of their lives in captivity.

2. Some substances tested, may never be used for anything useful: EDITH

The unfortunate aspect is that many of these animals received tests for substances that will never
actually see approval or public consumption and use. It is this aspect of animal testing that many
view as a major negative against the practice, as it seems that the animal died in vain because no
direct benefit to humans occurred.

3. Animal testing is cruel and inhumane. Edith

According to Humane Society International, animals used in experiments are commonly subjected
to force feeding, forced inhalation, food and water deprivation, prolonged periods of physical
restraint, the infliction of burns and other wounds to study the healing process, the infliction of pain
to study its effects and remedies, and "killing by carbon dioxide asphyxiation, neck-breaking,
decapitation, or other means." [47] The Draize eye test, used by cosmetics companies to evaluate
irritation caused by shampoos and other products, involves rabbits being incapacitated in stocks
with their eyelids held open by clips, sometimes for multiple days, so they cannot blink away the
products being tested. [48] [49] The commonly used LD50 (lethal dose 50) test involves finding out
which dose of a chemical will kill 50% of the animals being used in the experiment. [65] [102] The
US Department of Agriculture (USDA) reported in 2010 that 97,123 animals suffered pain during
experiments while being given no anesthesia for relief, including 1,395 primates, 5,996 rabbits,
33,652 guinea pigs, and 48,015 hamsters

4. It is very expensive: FRANCY

Another con on the issue of animal testing is the price. Animal testing generally costs an enormous
amount of money, as the animals must be fed, housed, cared for and treated with drugs or a similar
experimental substance. On top of that, animal testing may occur more than once and over the
course of months, which means that additional costs are incurred. The price of animals themselves
must also be factored into the equation. There are companies who breed animals specifically for
testing and animals can be purchased through them.

5. Animals and humans are never exactly the same: FRANCY

There is also the argument that the reaction of a drug in an animal's body is quite different from
the reaction in a human. The main criticism here is that some believe animal testing is unreliable.
Following on that criticism is the premise that because animals are in an unnatural environment,
they will be under stress. Therefore, they won't react to the drugs in the same way compared to
their potential reaction in a natural environment. This argument further weakens the validity of
animal experimentation.

6. Animals can suffer like humans do, so it is speciesism to experiment on them while we refrain
from experimenting on humans. FRANCY

All suffering is undesirable, whether it be in humans or animals. Discriminating against animals

because they do not have the cognitive ability, language, or moral judgment that humans do is no
more justifiable than discriminating against human beings with severe mental
impairments. [66] [67] As English philosopher Jeremy Bentham wrote in the 1700s, "The question
is not, Can they reason? nor, Can they talk? but, Can they suffer?" [66]
SAUL

1. Is it morally acceptable to experiment on animals for human purposes?

2. "Dominion": Do humans have "dominion" over animals, justifying testing?

4. Rights: Is it wrong to believe that animals have rights?

5. Animals kill... Is animal testing justified on basis that animals harm one-another too?

6. Differences: Are humans superior to animals or equals? Does this matter?

7. Pain: Do animals experience very little or no pain?

8. Test results/benefits: Are the results of animal experimentation useful?