1

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF BANK BUILDING

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

ARAVIND B -110814103003

MONESH T-110814103026

SARAVANAN M -110814103041

SIVA P-110814103042

In partial fulfilment for the award of the degree

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

of

CIVIL ENGINEERING

IN

JAYA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025

OCTOBER 2017
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ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF

BANK BUILDINGis the bonafide work of ARAVIND B,
MONESH T, SARAVANAN M ,SIVA P who carried out the project
under my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Mr.V.S.Arul M.E. Mrs.S.Anjana M.E.
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR
Department of Civil Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering,
JAYA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, JAYA ENGINEERINGCOLLEGE,
THIRUNINRAVUR, THIRUNINRAVUR,
CHENNAI-602 024 CHENNAI-602 024
Submitted for the University Examination held on _______________

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

ABSTRACT
The construction of bank building is an important indicator, as it creates banking

opportunities across various related sectors. Our project deals with the plan and design
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of a Bank building. It is a reinforced concrete framed structure consisting of G +2 with

adequate facilities. Construction of a bank building comprises a wide range of

activities involving planning, analysis and design. Banking has come up with an

improved attention on management on human resources which is considered as the

driving force behind the survival and success of any organization. The purpose of

banking is mainly used for safer, secure, fast money transaction. We have planned to

analyse and design the bank to improve the banking standards in developing areas. IS

875 Part 1 is used for dead load and IS 875 Part 2 is used for live load calculation. IS

456:2000 code is the basic code for general construction in concrete structures. Hence

all the structural members are designed using limit state method in accordance with the

IS 456:2000 code and design aids SP16-1978. The planning of any building in India

will be recognized by National Building Code (NBC).The ceiling height is provided as

3.2m, for bank buildings as mentioned in Building Code (NBC). The software used for

designing the bank building is Auto CAD 2016 and analysis part is done using the

Staad pro software.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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We take this opportunity to express our gratitude to our

Founder Dr.A.Kanagaraj, for allowing us to take over this project.

We also extend our gratitude to Principal Dr.Krishnan

Vijayaraghavan, Jaya Engineering College, for granting us permission to
take up this project.

We convey our thanks to Mr.V.S.Arul M.E., Professor and

Head, Department of Civil Engineering, for his untiring support and
guidance.

We acknowledge our thanks to Mrs.S.Anjana, Assistant

Professor and project coordinator for her valuable advice.

We owe our greatest debt of gratitude to our guide, lecturer

and class in-charge Mrs.B.Veena, for his keen and continued interest.

We also convey our thanks to our Teaching and Non-

Teaching staff for their advice and help.

Last but not the least we thank our Parents and Friends for
their help and encouragement throughout the course of the project.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
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CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

NO.
NO.
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ABSTRACT iii

LIST OF FIGURES vii

LIST OF SYMBOLS ix

1. CHAPTER 1 1

1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 GENERAL 1

1.2 BANK 1

1.3 FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN 1

BANK CONSTRUCTION

1.4 PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS 1

1.5 PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS 2

1.6 DESIGN CONCEPT 2

1.7 OBJECTIVE 2

2. CHAPTER 2 3

2 LITERATURE REVIEW 3

2.1 GENERAL 3

3. CHAPTER 3 6

3.1GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS OF
6
BANK BUILDING

4. CHAPTER 4 9
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4.1 METHODOLOGY 9

PLAN 10

4.2 GROUND FLOOR PLAN 10

4.3 FIRST FLOOR PLAN 11

4.4 SECOND FLOOR PLAN 12

4.5 FRONT ELEVATION OF BUILDING 13

5. CHAPTER 5 14

5.1 DESIGN OF SLAB 14

5.2 DESIGN OF BEAM 22

5.3DESIGN OF COLUMN 32

5.4 DESIGN OF FOOTING 41

5.5 DESIGN OF STAIRCASE 46

CONCLUSION 53
LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE TITLE PAGE

NO.
NO.

4.1 GROUND FLOOR PLAN 10

4.2 FIRST FLOOR PLAN 11

4.3 SECOND FLOOR PLAN 12

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4.4 FRONT ELEVATION OF BUILDING 13

5.1 PLATE STRESS 20

5.2 SLAB REINFORCEMENT 21

5.3 CONCRETE DESIGN OF BEAM 27

5.4 MAIN REINFORCEMENT OF BEAM 28

5.5 SHEAR REINFORCEMENT OF BEAM 29

5.6 STRESS ACTING ON A BEAM 30

5.7 BEAM REINFORCEMENT DETAILS 31

5.8 COLUMN CONCRETE DESIGN 36

5.9 SHEAR LAYOUT OF COLUMN 37

5.10 COLUMN LAYOUT 38

5.11 COLUMN DIMENSIONS 39

5.12 COLUMN RESULT 40

5.13 FOOTING ELEVATION 44

5.14 FOOTING ELEVATION 45

5.15 STAIRCASE DESIGN 49

5.16 SHEAR LAYOUT OF BUILDING 50

5.17 MAIN LAYOUT OF BUILDING 51

5.18 DEFLECTION OF BUILDING 52

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LIST OF SYMBOLS

A - Area of the section

Ast - Area of steel

Ag - Gross area of column

Ac - Area of concrete

b - Breadth or width of section

D - Overall depth of section

d - Effective depth of section

fy - Characteristics strength of concrete

fck - Characteristics compressive strength of concrete

Ix - Effective length of slab along shorter span

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Iy - Effective length of slab along longer span

W - Uniformly distributed load

Wu - Ultimate uniformly distributed load

P - Axial load

Pu - Ultimate load

M - Bending moment

Mx - Bending moment along x-axis

My - Bending moment along y-axis

c - Shear stress in concrete

v - Nominal shear strength

c/c - Centre to centre distance

# - Diameter of bar

Sv - Spacing of stirrups

V - Shear force

Vus - Shear strength to be resisted

p - Percentage of steel

ra - Modification factor

x - Bending moment coefficient along X-axis

y - Bending moment coefficient along Y-axis

- Slenderness ratio

x - Shear coefficient along X-axis

y - Shear coefficient along Y-axis

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bd - Bond stress of concrete

s - Stress in steel

c - Stress in concrete

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL
The main objective of our project is to know the various design aspects like
planning, and designing. We have planned to design a bank building consisting of
three floors (G+2). The planning is done as per the requirements and regulations
given by the National Building Code (NBC).

1.2 BANK
A Bank helps in the growth of the economic development of the country. A bank is a place
where our savings and useful transactions for the business can be done in a safer way.

1.3 FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN BANK CONSTRUCTION

At the bank construction the important factors to be considered are as follows
Location of construction: The location of the bank is to be considered as the
major important factor, the location of the bank must be kept within 2-3 kms from
the police station.
CCTV Surveillance: The CCTV Surveillance must be kept covering all the sides
inner and outer also to avoid robbery of money.
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Alert System: The proper theft alert systems must be given under the table of the
bank manager and the cashier. These theft alert systems are connected to the
nearby police station as they could arrive as soon as possible.

1.4 PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS

Besides all the fundamentals of planning discussed, following practical points should
be additionally considered:
The elements of the building should be strong and capable to withstand the likely
adverse effects of natural agencies.
Strength, stability, convenience and comfort of the occupants should be the first
consideration in planning.
Elevation should be simple but attractive. The number of doors and windows provided
should be less for a bank building.
The provisions of built in furniture at proper places are useful from the point of view
of utility.
Since the plan is for a bank building, the locker rooms must be secured with thicker
walls than usual.

1.5 PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS

The plan and detailing was drawn using Auto CAD. The proposed area of the bank is
93sq.m. The shape of the building is rectangular in plan. The building consists of
ground floor, first floor and second floor. The parking space is provided around the
building. The floor height of the building is 3.2m. The height of the parapet wall is
1m.The staircase is provided with enough safe.
Area of each floor is given below
Ground floor = 93sq.m
First floor = 93sq.m
Second floor = 93sq.m
Total area = 279sq.m
1.6 DESIGNCONCEPT
The design of bank is based on IS 456:2000, design aids SP 16-1978 and National
Building Code (NBC).
1.7OBJECTIVE
Nowadays the number of persons using banks and its facilities has grown up in a larger
scale in India. The purpose of the bank is providing safe, secure, fast transactions for
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the business growth and economic background. So in this project it is proposed to

design a bank.

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 GENERAL
The literatures reviewed defines the need for bank. It helps to understand the standards
to be followed while designing a bank.

2.1.1 Mrs.Caral Lopes, Ms.DharaKachalia,(2016) What they said that they

have conducted a study in private and public banks. They have shown that the
technological growth has revolutionized the way banking sector works and the
competition is globalised now way days because of the economic condition. The level
of stress faced by the employees in banking sector is also growing rapidly. The study
found that there is a significant relationship between type of the banks, age, gender and
education, job, role, interpersonal relationship and Impact of occupational stress. So
the banking sector employee should adopt new coping strategies for maintaining good
physical and mental condition to improve productivity.

2.1.2 B.Kishori & B.Vinothini(2016) What they said that the authors have
found that productivity of the work force is decisive factor for the success of an
organization is concerned. In an age of highly dynamic and competitive world, an
employee is exposed to all kinds of stressors that can affect them on all realms of life.
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The research intended to study the impact of occupational stress on Nationalized Bank
employees.

2.1.3 Priyanka Das, Alok Kumar Srivastav(2015) What they said that they
have identified that banks must manage people at work to improve physical work
environment, If the organizations enhance the psychological well-being and health of
the employees, the organizational revenue will increase and there will be employee
retention as well. Because of A Healthy Employee is a Productive Employee. They
concluded that the level of stress among the select public sector banks are found to be
limited and if the necessary action taken by the management that will help to relieve
the stress of the employees and also help to impact more productive employees that
will help the banks to achieve greater heights.

2.1.4 Ementa, Christiana Ngozi(2015) What she said that the study looked
into the bank secretaries perceived causes of stress, its effect on their performance and
effective strategies for coping with stress. The study showed that bank secretaries
consider most of the work functions as causes of stress in the workplace, and these
stressors has great effect on their performance, and have considered a number of
factors as effective strategies for coping with occupational stress. This study concluded
that bank secretaries experience a lot of work stress as they carry out their
administrative and clerical functions in the bank. The study further revealed that
gender; work experience and marital status do not significantly affect respondents
mean rating on causes of stress, effect of the stressors to performance and effective
coping strategies. Since stress is unavoidable in work life, it is obvious that bank
secretaries must go through a form of stress to accomplish office tasks, efforts towards
effective management of stress is paramount.

2.1.5 Dr.P.Kannan & Suma.U(2015) What they said in order to manage stress
the organization has to encourage employee development and embark on training
interventions for employees. Training specifically related to policies and policy
implementation is a key priority. Stress in banking sector is mostly due to excess of
work pressure and work life imbalance the organization should support and encourage
taking up roles that help them to balance work and family.
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2.1.6 Dr. Vishal Samartha&Dr.Mushtiary Begum, et al. (2014) What

they said the stress is unavoidable in any occupation and banking is no exception. This
study found that factors such as performance pressure; inadequate planning at
workplace, change to adaptability; family demands and lack of efficient manpower
caused more stress among the bank employees.

2.1.7 Enekwe, Chinedu Innocent &Agu, Charles Ikechukwu, et al.

(2014)What they have conducted study based on the statistical calculation, male and
female bankers not to differ significantly on their stress management technique. It can
be concluded that stress management is not gender sensitive or gender- centric. This
means that the problem of stress is both genders sensitive. Furthermore, section of a
banker has a significant influence on stress management technique among bank
employees in Nigeria banking industry.

2.1.8 Md. Hasebur Rahman & Md. Kamruzzaman, et al. (2013) What
they studied that the commercial bank as one the occupational group functions under
of high stress. The variables such as long working hour, workload, family sympathy,
management pressure, mental depression, and job insecurity perceived stress stressors
of commercial bank. Employees wellbeing psychologically and mentally depress if
stress prolong over the period of time. Effective job design, healthy working
environment, remuneration should be offered to employees to motivate in competitive
jobs of commercial bank.

2.1.9 TatheerYawar Ali &Atif Hassan et al. (2013) What they studied the
bankers are facing high stress in their job and the reasons for this is stress include long
working hours, improper reward system, lack of job autonomy, organizational culture,
role conflict etc and the main reason is lack of management support to employees.
They can notice a number of symptoms indicating high level stress. If these symptoms
are not noticed in early stage, they can cause serious health problems among
employees such as depression, heart problems, diabetes etc.
2.2.0 A.Sharmila and J.Poornima (2012) In their study on employee stress
management in selected private banks in Salem A majority of the employees face
severe stress related ailments and a lot of psychological problems. The management
must take initiatives in helping employees to overcome its disastrous effect. In an age
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of highly dynamic and competitive world, employees are exposed to all kinds of
stressors that can affect them on all realms of life. The growing importance of
interventional strategies is felt more at organizational level.

CHAPTER 3

3.1 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS OF BANK BUILDING

3.1.1 Footing

Earth work excavation for foundation is proposed to a depth of 1.50m below the
ground level. For design, the safe bearing capacity of soil is assumed as
200KN/2.Isolated footings are provided with a concrete grade of M20. The
maximum axial load 1600 KN as arrived from design is taken for the design of the
footing.

3.1.2 Damp proof course

The damp proof course is to be provided around the plinth level using C.M 1:3 with a
thickness of 20mm. The column below the ground level are also provided with damp
proof course of C.M 1:3

3.1.3 Plinth
The plinth beam will be at a level of 0.5m above the ground level. M20 grade of
concrete is used and Fe415 steel was used for plinth design.

3.1.4 Frames
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All the R.C.C. structural components are designed using M20 grade concrete and
Fe415 steel. Each member is designed separately for its loading condition. And its
location as per the IS 456:2000 and SP-16 codes. The dimension of slab, beam,
column and footing are designed according to the IS 456:2000 code. The columns and
beams are designed by using Staad Pro.

3.1.5 Super Structure

The super structure is proposed in CM.1:6 using second class brick work. Brick
partition walls of 110mm thick are also proposed using the C.M 1:4 with a width of
300mm as a safety measure.

3.1.6 Roof
R.C.C Roof in M20 concrete is to be laid. A layer of weathering coarse using brick
jelly lime mortar is to be used. Considering the future expansion of the structure, the
roof slab is also designed as same as that of the floor slabs.

3.1.7 Flooring
In each floor, all the rooms are to be provided with P.C.C. 1:5:10 as flooring base. The
floors of entrance, toilet floors, staircase and entire flat are to be finished with granite
tiles over the P.C.C. 1:2:4 flooring.

3.1.8 Plastering
All walls and structural members including the basement will be plastered smooth with
C.M. 1:5 externally and internally, using 12mm thick plastering mortar

3.1.9 Doors and windows

The main door will be of steel having a sliding shutter. The other doors inside the bank
are to be provided with aluminium panel. The windows are to be provided with steel
and glazing is provided to supply a good light from outside.

3.2 Staircase
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The stair will be of M20 grade concrete and Fe415 steel with a rise of 150mm and
tread of 300mm. The staircase is designed as spanning parallel to landing slab referring
to IS 456-2000.

3.2.1 White washing, Colour washing, Painting

All the inner walls are to be finished with a first coat of white cement wash and then
colouring as required. All the joiners and iron works are to be finished with two coats
of synthetic enamel paint. The toilet walls are to be provided with mat finishing

CHAPTER 4
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METHODOLOGY

Fig 4.1 Methodology

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Fig 4.2 Ground floor plan

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Fig 4.3 First floor plan

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Fig 4.4Second floor plan

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Fig 4.5 Front elevation

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CHAPTER 5

DESIGN CALCULATIONS

5.1DESIGN OF SLAB S1&S2

Cross Section =2.1mx3m

Wall thickness=230mm

Live load =5kN/m2

Floor finish=1N/mm2

Assume thickness of slab=150mm

5.1.1Effective depth calculation

Effective depth (d) = D - Clear cover (Dia/2)

=150-20-6

=124mm

5.1.2Effective span calculation

5.1.2.1Short span (lex)

Effective span=Clear span + Effective Depth

=2.1+0.124

=2.124m

Effective span=Clear Span + Bearing Width

=2.1+0.230

=2.33m

Take least value (l ex)=2.124m

5.1.2.2Long span (ley)

Effective span=Clear span + Effective Depth

=3+0.124

=3.124m
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Effective span=Clear Span + Bearing Width

=3+.0230

=3.230m

Take least value (ley) =3.124m

5.1.3Check for slab

(ley/l ex) = (3.124/2.124) =1.47<2(Two way slab)

5.1.4Load calculation

Self weight of slab=0.15x25

=3.75kN/m2

Live load =4kN/m2

Floor finish =0.6kN/m2

Total load =8.35kN/m2

5.1.5Ultimate load

Ultimate load =1.5x8.35

=12.525kN/m2

5.1.6To find ultimate moment and ultimate shear

Mx=xWlx2

My=yWly2

(ly/ lx)=1.47

Refer table 27 Page Number:91(IS 456:2000)

x =0.1015

y =0.0485

Mx=0.1015 x 8.35 x (2.1242)

=3.283kNm
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My=.0485 x 8.35 x (3.1242)

=3.952kNm

5.1.6.1For short span

Mulim/ fckb d2 =0.138

Mulim/20x1000x1242 =0.138

Mulim=42.43kNm

Mx<Mulim(Under reinforced section)

5.1.6.2For long span

My<Mulim(Under reinforced section)

5.1.7To calculate ultimate moment and shear force

5.1.7.1Simply supported beam (Uniformly distributed load)

Bending moment=Mu=Wul2/8

=12.525 x (2.1242)/8

Mu=7.06kNm

Shear Force =Vu=Wul/2

=12.525x2.124/2

=13.30kN

Mu<Mulim

7.06kNm<42.23kNm(The section is under reinforced section)

5.1.7.2Check for effective depth

MU/fckb 2 =0.138

7.06/ (20 x 1000 x d2)=0.138

7.06 =2760d2

d2=0.0505m
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d=50.57mm<d provided

d=124mm

Hence safe in effective depth.

5.1.8To find the area of tensile reinforcement

5.1.8.1Short span

Mu =0.87fyAst d [1-Astfy/fckb d]

7.06x106 = 44770.2 Ast[1-1.673x10-4Ast]

7.06x106 =-7.49Ast+ 44770.2Ast

7.49Ast2-44770.2Ast+7.06x106=0

Ast=162mm2

Provide 8mm bars=(/4)x(82)

(ast)=50.26mm2

5.1.8.2 No of bars=Ast/ ast

=162/50.26

=4 Bars

5.1.8.3Spacing of bars@8mm

[ ast/ Ast]x1000 = ((/4x(82))/162)x1000

=310.28mm2

Provide 8mm bars @310mm C/C Spacing

5.1.8.4Area of distribution steel

Ast(Distribution)=(0.12/100)x b D

=(0.12/100)x1000x150

=180mm2
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5.1.8.5Spacing @8mm

Spacing =(ast/Ast)x1000

= ( /4x(82)/180)x1000

=280mm

Provide 8mm bar @280mm spacing

5.1.8.6 Check for shear stress

v=vu/bd

=13.30/(1000x124)

=0.107N/mm2

5.1.8.7 % of steel

Pt=100 x (Ast/bd)

=100 x (162/1000x124)

=0.1306

Refer Table 19, Page Number 73(IS 456:2000)

c=0.28N/mm2

=v< K c

=0.107<1.23x0.28

=0.107x0.34

Hence safe in shear.

5.1.8.8 Check for deflection control

(L/d)max=(L/d)basicx Ktx KfxKc

Kt=1.4

Kf=1

Kc=1
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(L/d)Basic=20 (Simply supported beam)

(L/d)max=20x1.41x1x1

=28

5.1.8.9 Check

(L/d) max>(L/d)provided

28> (2124/124)

28>17.12

Hence safe.

5.1.9 Check for cracking

Steel provided is more than minimum % of 0.12 % for Fe415Steel.

Spacing of bars should be less than (3xd) = (3x124) = 372mm

of bar is (D/8) = (150/8) =18.75mm

Hence crack with permissible limits as per specific code IS 456:2000.

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Fig 5.1 Plate Stresses

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Fig 5.2 Slab reinforcement details

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5.2 DESIGN OF BEAM

Effective span (L) =5m

Beam size=300x500mm

Width (b) =300mm

Overall depth (D) = 500mm

Materials: M20Concrete &Fe415 HYSD Bars

Live load=3kN/m2

Floor Finish=1kN/m2

Dead load=0.3x0.45x25

=3.375kN/m

Service load = (Dead load + Live load)

= (3.375+3)

= 6.4kN/m

Effective Cover (d) =50mm

Effective depth (d) =500-50

(d) =450mm

W =50kN/m

fck=20N/mm2

fy=415N/mm2

Es=2X105N/mm2

5.2.1 Ultimate moments and shear force

Mu =Wul2/8

= (0.125x1.5x50x52)

=234.375kNm

Vu= Wul /2
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= (0.5x1.5x50x5)

=187.5kN

5.2.2 Main reinforcements

Mulim=0.138fckbd2

= (0.138x20x300x4502)

=167kNm

Since Mu>Mulim, design a doubly reinforced section.

(Mu-Mulim)= (234.375-167)

=67.375kNm

fsc=[0.0035-(xu,max-d)/xu,max] X ES

xumax=0.48d

= [0.0035(0.48x450)-50/(0.48x450)]x(2x105)

= 538N/mm2

But fscnot greater than 0.87fy= (0.87x415)

=361N/mm2

Therefore Asc= [(Mu-Mulim) /fsc(d-d)]

= [67.4x106) / (538 x 400)]

= 313mm2

Provide 4 bars of 8mm = (/4) x 4 x (82)

Asc=201mm2

Ast2 = (Ascfsc/ 0.87 fy)

= (201x361/0.87x415)

= 200mm2

Ast1 = [0.36 fckb xulim/0.87 fy]

= [0.36x20x250x0.48x450/0.87x415]
 34

=1076mm2

Total tension reinforcement=Ast=[Ast1+Ast2]

= [1076+200]

=1406mm2

Provide 4 bars of 8mm (Ast= (/4) x 4 x (82))

=201mm2

5.2.3 Shear reinforcements

v=(vu /b d)

= (187.5x103/300x450)

= 1.38N/mm2

Pt = (100/b d)

= (100x201/300x400)

= 0.14

Refer to table19, IS 456 -2000 and read out,

c=0.28N/mm2

Since v>c Shear reinforcements are required

Vus= [ Vu (cb d)]

= [187.5-(0.28x300x450)x10-3]

= 149.7kN

Using 8mm 2 legged Stirrups

Sv= [0.87 fyAsvd / Vus]

=[0.87x415x2x50x450 / (149.7x103)]

=108.5mm

Sv>(0.75 x d)

Sv>(0.75 x450)
 35

=337.5mm

Adopt a spacing of 200mm near supports gradually increasing to 300mm towards the
center of span.

5.2.4 Check for deflection control

(L/d)max actual =(500/450)

=11.1

(L/d)max=[(L/d)basic x Ktx Kcx Kf]

Pt=100Ast/b d

= 100 x 1406 / 300 x 450

Pt= 1.04

Kt=0.93

Kc=1.10

Kf=1.00

(L/d)max= [(20 x 0.93 x 1.10 x 1.00)]

(L/d)actual<(L/d)max

Hence deflection control is satisfied.

5.2.5Reinforcement details

The reinforcement details in doubly reinforced beam is shown Fig 5.2.8,5.2.9,5.2.9.1

5.2.7 Design using SP-16 Design tables

Compute the parameter

(Mu / b d2) = (234.375x106 / 300 x 4502 )

= 3.85

Refer to table 50, SP 16 and read out the percentage of tension and compression
reinforcements.
 36

d/d= (50/450)

=0.11

Pt=1.29 and Pc =0.35

Ast= (Ptb d)/100

= (1.29 x 300 x450)/100

= 1742mm2

Asc=(Pc b d)/100

= (0.35 x 300 x450)/100

=473mm2

The area of reinforcements are same as that computed using theoretical equations.
 37

Fig 5.3 Concrete design of beam

 38

Fig 5.4 Main reinforcement for beam

 39

Fig 5.5 Shear reinforcement of Beam

 40

Fig 5.6 Stress acting in a beam

 41

Fig 5.7 Beam reinforcement details

5.3 DESIGN OF COLUMN

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Column Size=400x600mm

Height of storey (hs) =3.5m

Width of Beam=350mm

Depth of Beam=450mm

Length of Beam=5m

Total Distributed Load=30kN/m2

No of columns=12

5.3.1 Relative stiffness of columns and beams

Unsupported length of column L= (3500-450)

=3050mm

Columns 16 NOS, (400x600mm) and hs=3500mm

(Ic/hs) = ((12 x (4004)/12)/3500)

= (7314x103) mm3

Beams in each direction xx or yy

(Ib/Lb)= [(12 x 350 x (4503)/12)/5000]

= (6378x103) mm3

5.3.2 Check for unbraced or braced columns

(u/Hu)=hs2/12 Ec[1/(Ic/hs) +1/(Ib/Lb)]

Ec=5000fck according to Clause 6.2.3.1, IS: 456-2000

Therefore,Ec=500020=22360N/mm2

(u/Hu)= (35002/ (12x22360)) [1/ (7314x103) + 1/ (6378x103)]

=45.654[1.367x10-7+1.567x10-7]

= (1.339x10-5) mm/N

Total axial loads on all columns= (12 x12 x30)

Pu=4320kN
 43

Stability index

Q= [(Pu/hs)x (u/Hu)]

= [(4320x103/3500) x (1.339x10-5)]

=0.0165<0.04

Hence the column in the storey can be constructed as braced in xx and yy directions.

5.3.3 Effective length of columns using IS 456 Codal charts

1= 2 = [ (Ic/hs)/ (Ic/hs) + (Ib/Lb)]

(Ic/hs) = [((4004)/12/3500) x 2]

= (1219x103) mm3

(Ib/Lb) = [(350 x (4503)/12/4000) x 2]

= (1328x103) mm3

Therefore 1= 2 = [(1219x103)/(1219x103) + (0.05 x (1328x103))]

=0.948

Referring to Fig 11.5(Fig 26, IS: 456-2000) and interpolating the effective length ratio

K= (Le/D)

= (1890/600)

=3.15<12

Therefore Le= (0.315x3000)

=1417.5mm

Slenderness ratio of the column= (Le/D) = (1890/600) =3.15<12

Hence the column should be designed as short column.

Column size=400x600mm

Length of column=3m

Materials=M20 Grade and Fe415 HYSD Bars

Width (b) =400mm

 44

Depth (D) =600mm

5.3.4 Longitudinal reinforcements

Ag=400x600

=240000mm2

Asc=Area of longitudinal reinforcement for column.

Asc=4 x (/4) x (82)

=201mm2

Ag=Ac+Asc

Ac=Area of concrete

240000=Ac+201

Ac=239799mm2

L=3m=3000mm

fck=20N/mm2

fy=415N/mm2

5.3.5 To find Pu

Pu=Axial load on the member

(Left/D)= (3000/400)

=7.5<12 (Therefore short column)

5.3.5 To find minimum eccentricity

emin=(L/500)+(D/30)

= (3000/500) + (400/30)

=19.3<20mm

Should not less than also check.

0.05D=0.05x400

=20mm
 45

Hence safe in eccentricity

5.3.6 To find ultimate load

(Refer page number: 71, Clause 39.3 (IS 456:2000))

Pu= (0.45 fckAc ) + (0.67 fyAsc)

= (0.45 x 20 x 239799) + (0.67x415x201)

=2.21x106N

5.3.7 Find safe axial load

Safe axial load=Ultimate Load / Load Factor

=2.21x106/1.5

=1.47X106
 46

Fig 5.8 Column concrete design

 47

Fig 5.9 Shear layout of column

 48

Fig 5.10 Column layout

 49

Fig 5.11 Column dimensions

 50

Fig 5.12 Column result

5.4 DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR FOOTING

 51

Size=400x600mm

Pu=2000kN

Safe bearing capacity=185kN/m2

b=400mm

D=500mm

P=185kN/m2

fck=20N/mm2

fy =415N/mm2

5.4.1 Size of footing

Load of column=2000kN

Self weight of the footing= (10%) = 200kN

Total factored load (Wu) = 2200kN

Footing area= (2200/1.5x 185)

=7.93m2

Preparation the footing area in the same proportion as the sides of the column.

Hence 4x X 6x=8

24x2=8

Therefore x=0.57

Short Side of footing= (4 x 0.57) =2.28m

Long side of footing= (6 x 3.42) =3.42m

Adopt a rectangular footing of size 3m x3m

Factored soil pressure at base is computed on

Pu= (2000/3 x 3) =225kN/m2< (1.5x185)

= 225kN/m2<277.5kN/m2
 52

Hence the footing area is adequate since the soil pressure developed at the base is less
than the factored bearing capacity of soil.

5.4.2Factored bearing moments

Cantilever projections from the short side face of the column=0.5(3-0.5)

=1.25m

Cantilever projection from the long face side of the column=0.5(3-0.4)

=1.3m

Bending moment at the short side face of the column= (0.5 PuL2)

= (0.5 X 225 X 1.252)

=175kNm

Bending moment at the long side face of the column= (0.5 PuL2)

= (0.5 x 225 x 1.33)

=190kNm

5.4.3 Depth of footing

From moment considerations, we have:

Mu=0.138 fckb d2

Therefore d=Mu/0.138 fckb

= (190x106)/0.138 x 20 x 103

=262mm

From shear stress consideration we have the critical section for one-way shear is
located at the distance d from the face of the column

Shear force per meter width (Longer direction)

Vul=250(1250-d)

Assuming the shear strength c=0.36N/mm2 for M20 Grade concrete with nominal
percentsge of reinforcement, Pt=0.25%

Refer to table 19: IS 456 2000 and read out the permissible shear stress = (Ksc)
 53

= (1x0.33)

=0.33N/mm2

Nominal shear stress v= (24x103)/(103 x 550)

=0.44N/mm2

Since v< (Ksc) Shear stress are within the permissible limits.

5.4.4Reinforcement details

The details of the reinforcement in the footing as show in the Fig 5.4.5,5.4.6
 54

Fig 5.13 Footing elevation

 55

Fig 5.14 Footing elevation

5.5 DESIGN OF STAIRCASE

 56

Type of Staircase: Dog-legged with waist slab, treads and risers

No of steps in flight=6

Tread (T) =300mm

Rise (R) =150mm

Width of landing beams=300mm

M20Grade of concrete (fck=20N/mm2)

Fe415 HYSD bars (fy=415N/mm2)

5.5.1Effective span

Effective span= (6x300) + 300

=2100mm

=2.1m

Thickness of waist slab= (Span/20)

= (2100/20)

=105mm

Adopt overall depth (D) = 165mm

Effective depth (d) = 400mm

5.5.2Loads

Dead loads of slab on slope (ws) = (0.165 x x 25)

Dead load of slab on horizontal span is (w) = [(wsR2+T2)/T]

= [(4.1251502+3002)/300]

=4.61kN/m

Dead load of one step = (0.5 x 0.15 x 0.3 x 25)

=0.56kN/m
 57

Loads of steps per meter length = (0.56 x x1000/300)

=1.86kN/m

Finishes etc =0.53kN/m

Total dead load= (4.61 + 1.86 + 0.53)

=7kN/m

Service live load (Liable for overcrowding) =5kN/m2

Therefore Total Service Load= (7+5)

=12kN/m

Factored load (wu) = (1.5xService load)

= (1.5x12)

=18kN/m

5.5.3 Bending moments

Maximum bending moment at the center of span is

M=0.125 wuL2

=0.125 x 18 x (2.12)

=10kN/m

5.5.4 Check for depth of waist slab

d=Mu/0.138 fckb

=195x106/0.138 x 20 x103

=266mm

94.2<140mm, provided (Hence safe)

5.5.5 Main reinforcements

Mu=0.87 fyAstd[1-415/(103 x 140 x20)]

(10x106)=0.87 x Astx 415 x 140 [1-1.48x10-4Ast]

 58

(10x106)=50547Ast[1-1.48x10-4 Ast]

(10x106)=-7.49Ast2+50547Ast

7.49Ast -50547Ast+ (10x106) =0

Ast=204mm2

Provide 8mm bars at 200mm centres (Ast=565mm2) as main reinforcement.

5.5.6Distribution reinforcement

Distribution reinforcement=0.12%of cross section

= (0.12/100) x b x D

= (0.0012 x 1000 x 165)

=198mm2/m

Provide 8mm bars at 200 centres (Ast=251mm2)

The details of the reinforcement as shown in the Fig 5.5.8

5.5.7 Design using SP:16 design charts

Compute the design parameters;

(Mu/ b d2) = (10x106/103x1402)

=0.51

Refer Table 2, SP:16 design tables corresponding to fck=20N/mm2 and read out the
percentage of reinforcements as

Pt=0.1505

Therefore Ast= (pbd/100)

= (0.1505 x 103 x 140/100)

=210N/mm2

The reinforcement quality is same as that obtained by analytical method.

 59

Fig 5.15 Staircase design

 60

Fig 5.16 Shear layout of building

 61

Fig 5.17 Main layout of building

 62

Fig 5.18 Deflection of building

CONCLUSION
 63

In this project planning, analysing and designing of bank building. We all the members
of our team have learned to plan a building with referring to National Building Code of
India. This bank building project has made us to learn Drawing and drafting the
building plans using Auto CAD 2016 software. In this bank building project we learnt
to create the models by giving nodes and property to the structural elements using
analysis and also we learnt to the same structure with corresponding loads as given IS
875 Part 1&2 using analysis. This project is very useful in making us learn the design
by referring to the IS 456:2000 for each slab and beam. SP: 16 codes alone are used for
easier design of slab, yet we learned to design the columns and beams by using Staad
pro software. The important thing that we done were referring to a lot of books for
designing and we are very much satisfied with exposing to field of design.

REFERENCE
 64

The planning of any building in India will be recognized by National Building Code
(NBC).
IS 456:2000 codes is the basic code for general construction in concrete structures,
hence all the structural members are designed using limit state method in accordance
with the IS 456:2000 code
Design aids SP16-1978.
Design of reinforced concrete structures Dr, Krishna Raju.
IS 875 Part 1 (Dead load)
IS 875 Part 2 ( Live load)
S.Ramamrutham , Design of reinforced concrete structures Dhanpat Rai Publishing
Company ,2012
Sayal & Goel , Reinforced concrete structures, NEW DELHI
.S.CHAND,Publication.2004
Vazirani & Ratwani Concrete structures NEW DELHI .Khanna.