International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169

Volume: 5 Issue: 6 1341 1352

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Lossless Transmission Lines Terminated by Linear and Nonlinear RLC-Loads

Vasil G. Angelov Marin M. Hristov

Department of Mathematics Department of Microelectronics
University of Mining and Geology Technical University of Sofia
1700 Sofia, Bulgaria Sofia, Bulgaria
e-mail: angelov@mgu.bg e-mail:mhristov@ecad.tu-sofia.bg

AbstractHere we consider lossless transmission lines terminated by a circuit consisting of linear and nonlinear RGCL-loads. First we
overcome a difficulty caused by nonlinear boundary conditions utilizing Kirchhoffs laws. The problem arising is to choose as many equations
as are the unknown functions. Then we formulate the mixed problem for the hyperbolic system, reduce the mixed problem to an initial value
problem on the boundary and obtain a neutral system with respect to new variables. Further on we prove an existence-uniqueness theorem for
periodic solution in lossless case.
Keywords- lossless transmission lines; linear and nonlinear loads; mixed problem for hyperbolic system;fixed point method; periodic solution.

__________________________________________________*****_________________________________________________

I. INTRODUCTION main result concerning an existence-uniqueness of periodic

solution of the neutral system obtained.We use the fixed point
The theory of transmission lines is a rapidly evolving area method which allows us to obtain successive approximations
due to numerous applications[1]- [10]. The main purpose of the tending to the solution. In Section 7 using numerical example
present paper is to investigate a transmission line terminated by we demonstrate how to apply our method to particular
a particular circuit consisting of linear and nonlinear RGCL- problems. We proceed from the Telegrapher equations
loads given in [11]-[16] and shown in Fig.1. u ( x, t ) / x L i( x, t ) / t 0,
Here weconsider just lossless transmission lines using the
method developed in our previous monograph [17]. The loads i( x, t ) / x C u ( x, t ) / t 0
are in general nonlinear, but the theory developed could be
applied to the linear loads too. In Section 2 we derive boundary or
conditions utilizing Kirchhoffs laws and formulate the mixed u ( x, t ) / t 0 1 / C u ( x, t ) / x
problem for lossless transmission lines. We wantto emphasize i( x, t ) / t 1 / L 0 i( x, t ) / x
.

thatthe main difficulty by solving the mixed problem in
question is to choose the unknown functions in such a way that By the transformation
their number equals the number of equations obtained from u ( x, t ) U ( x, t ) / 2 I ( x, t ) / 2,
Kirchhoffs laws. In Section 3we reduce the mixed problem to i( x, t ) U ( x, t ) /(2Z 0 ) I ( x, t ) /(2Z 0 ) .
an initial value problem on the boundary. Then in Section 4 by
suitable operators we find conditions guaranteeing existence- where Z0 L / C and U ( x, t ), I ( x, t ) are new variables, we
uniqueness of a periodic solution. In Section 5 we analyze the reduce the above system in diagonal form
U / t 1 / CL 0 U / x

0 .
1 / CL I / x
I / t 0

II. DERIVATION OF THE BOUNDARY CONDITIONS AND

MIXED PROBLEM FORMULATION
In this section we derive the boundary conditions having
considered Kirchhoffs laws. Let us recall that is the length
of the transmission line, v 1 / LC is the speed of
propagation and T /(1 / LC ) LC ,where L is per unit-
length inductance and C per unit-length capacitance of the
line. We assume that R0 , L01 and C01 are linear loads, that is,
uR0 (t ) R0iR0 (t ),
u L01 (t ) dL01 (i L01 ) / dt
[dL01 (i L01 ) /(di L01 )]di L01 (t ) / dt L01di L01 (t ) / dt ,
Figure 1. Lossless transmission lineterminated by a circuit consisting of linear
and nonlinear loads iC01 (t ) dC01 (u C01 ) / dt
[dC01 (u C01 ) / du C01 ]du C01 (t ) / dt C01du C01 (t ) / dt
arising nonlinearities. In Section 6 we give an
operatorpresentation of the periodic problem and prove the
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while C00 C00(uC00 ) and L00 L00(iL00 ) are nonlinear ones
which implies
iC00 (t ) [dC00 (uC00 ) / duC00 ]duC00 (t ) / dt ,
uL00 (t ) [dL00 (iL00 ) / diL00 ]diL00 (t ) / dt .
We notice that uC01 (t ) u(0, t ), iR0 (t ) iL00 (t ) , iC00 (t ) i L01 (t ) .
The Kirchhoffs Current Law gives:
iL00 iC00 iC01 i (0, t )
iL00 iC00 C01duC01 (t ) / dt i(0, t ) (1)
iL00 iC00 C01du (0, t ) / dt i (0, t ) .
Similarly, the Kirchhoffs Voltage Law gives
uR0 uL00 uL01 u(0, t ), (2)
uR0 uL00 uC00 R0iL00 [dL00 / diL00 ]diL00 / dt uC00 , (3)
uL01 uC00 u(0, t ) L01diL00 / dt uC00 u(0, t ) . (4)
Finally, from (1)-(4) we obtain the system
C01du(0, t ) / dt i(0, t ) iL00 (t ) iC00 (t )
1
[dL00 (iL00 ) / diL00 ]diL00 (t ) / dt C00 (iC00 (t )) R0iL00 (t )
diL01 (t )
1
L01 u(0, t ) C00 (iC00 (t ))
dt
uR0 uL00 uL01 u(0, t ) .
Having in mindthat iC00 (t ) iL01 (t ) we obtain
C01du(0, t ) / dt i(0, t ) iL00 (t ) iC00 (t )
[dL00 (iL00 ) / diL00 ]diL00 (t ) / dt 1
C00 (iC00 (t )) R0iL00 (t ) (5)
1
L01diC00 (t ) / dt u(0, t ) C00 (iC00 (t )) .
In the above system the unknown functions are
u(0, t ), i(0, t ), iC00 (t ), iL00 (t ) .
Similar reasoning leads to boundary conditions for the
right-hand side of the line:
C11du(, t ) / dt i(, t ) iL10 (t ) iC10 (t )
1
[dL10 (iL10 ) / diL10 ]diL10 (t ) / dt C10 (iC10 (t )) R1iL10 (t ) (6)
1
L11diC10 (t ) / dt u(, t ) C10 (iC10 (t ))
with unknown functions u(, t ), i(, t ), iC10 (t ), iL10 (t ) .
Remark 1. In the above equations we have to assume that
1 1
C00 (.), C10 (.) exist. This problem will be considered below.
Now we are able to formulate the mixed problem for the
hyperbolic transmission line equations: to find a solution
(u( x, t ), i( x, t )) of the hyperbolic system
u ( x, t ) / x L i( x, t ) / t 0,
i( x, t ) / x C u ( x, t ) / t 0
for ( x, t ) {( x, t ) R 2 : 0 x , t 0} , satisfying the and then we have to solve the following system consisting of
initial conditions
u( x,0) u0 ( x), i( x,0) i0 ( x) for x [0, ]
(7)
and the boundary conditions for x 0
C01du(0, t ) / dt i(0, t ) iL00 (t ) iC00 (t )
1
[dL00 (iL00 ) / diL00 ]diL00 (t ) / dt C00 (iC00 (t )) R0iL00 (t ) (8)
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ISSN: 2321-8169
1341 1352
1
L01diC00 (t ) / dt u(0, t ) C00 (iC00 (t ))
and for x
C11du(, t ) / dt i(, t ) iL10 (t ) iC10 (t )
dL10(iL10 ) diL10 (t ) 1
C10 (iC10 (t )) R1iL10 (t ) (9)
diL10 dt
1
L11diC10 (t ) / dt u(, t ) C10 (iC10 (t )) .
III. REDUCING THE MIXED PROBLEM TO AN INITIAL VALUE
PROBLEM ON THE BOUNDARY
Here we formulate a mixed problem for the system with
respect to new variables U ( x, t ), I ( x, t ) (see [17]):
U / t [1 / LC ]U / x 0
(10)
I / t [1 / LC ]I / x 0 .
To find U ( x, t ), I ( x, t ) satisfying (10) and initial
conditions
U ( x,0) u( x,0) Z 0 i( x,0) u0 ( x ) Z 0 i0 ( x ) U 0 ( x ),
(11)
I ( x,0) u( x,0) Z 0 i( x,0) u0 ( x ) Z 0 i0 ( x ) I 0 ( x )
where as usually we use the denotation Z 0 L / C .
To obtain new boundary conditions we take into account
that
u (0, t ) [U (0, t ) I (0, t )] / 2,
i(0, t ) [U (0, t ) I (0, t )] /(2Z 0 )
and
u (, t ) [U (, t ) I (, t )] / 2,
i(, t ) [U (, t ) I (, t )]( 2Z 0 )
and substitute the above expressions into (8) and (9):
C01d [U (0, t ) / 2] [ I (0, t ) / 2] / dt
iL00 (t ) iC00 (t ) [U (0, t ) I (0, t ) ] / 2Z 0
1
[dL00 (iL00 ) / diL00 ]diL00 (t ) / dt C00 (iC00 (t )) R0iL00 (t )
1
L01diC00 (t ) / dt C00 (iC00 (t )) [U (0, t ) I (0, t )] / 2 (12)
C11d [U (, t ) / 2] [ I (, t ) / 2]dt
i L10 (t ) iC10 (t ) [U (, t ) I (, t )] / 2Z 0
1
[dL10 (iL10 ) / diL10 ]diL10 (t ) / dt C10 (iC10 (t )) R1iL10 (t )
1
L11diC10 (t ) / dt C10 (iC10 (t )) [U (, t ) I (, t )] / 2.
Integrating(10)along the characteristics we obtain
U (0, t ) U (, t T ), I (0, t T ) I (, t )
which implies
U (0, t T ) U (, t ), I (0, t ) I (, t T ) .
Let us suppose that the unknown functions are
U (0, t ) U (t ), I ( , t ) I (t ), iL00 (t ), iC00 (t ), iL10 (t ), iC10 (t )
six differential equations with constant delays:
dU (t )dt [U (t ) I (t T )] /(C01Z 0 )
2(iL00 (t ) iC00 (t )) /(C01) dI (t T ) / dt
dI (t ) / dt [U (t T ) I (t )] /(C11Z 0 )
2(iL10 (t ) iC10 (t )) /(C11) dU (t T ) / dt
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1
[dL00 (iL00 ) / diL00 ]diL00 (t ) / dt C00 (iC00 (t )) R0iL00 (t ) m
dL p 0 (i) / di nln( p 0)i n1 L p 0 0 ( p 0,1).
1
diC00 (t ) / dt (U (t ) I (t T ) 2C00 (iC00 (t ))) / 2L01 (13) n1

1 Let T mT0 for some m N , T0 is a period of the

[dL10 (iL10 ) / diL10 ]diL10 (t ) / dt C10 (iC10 (t )) R1iL10 (t )
functions forming the function space where we seek a solution
1
diC10 (t ) / dt [U (t T ) I (t ) 2C10 (iC10 (t ))] / 2L11. of the above system.
For the initial functions we assume
So we obtain a neutral system of differential equations with
retarded arguments. (IN): U 0 (.) , I 0 (.) CT10 [0, T ], U 0 (t ) U 0 e(t kT0 ) ,

IV. ESTIMATES OF THE ARISING NONLINEARITIES AND I 0 (t ) I 0e(t kT0 ) (k 0,1,2,...,m 1) .

INTRODUCING FUNCTION SPACES
We consider nonlinear capacitances (cf. [1]-[10]):
C p 0 (u) c p0 / h 1 u / p0 c p0 h p0 p0 u
where
c p0 0, p0 0, h [2,3]; ( p 0,1)
are constants and u 0 min 00 , 10. We have to find an
interval where C p 0 (u) has inverse function. We have
Assumptions (U): eT0 (U 0 I 0 ) / 2 0 .
It follows
1/ h , u (0, t ) ( U (t ) I (t T ) ) / 2 (U 0 e(t kT0 )
I 0 e(t T kT0 ) ) / 2 eT0 (U 0 I 0 e T ) / 2 0 ;
u (, t ) ( U (t T ) I (t ) ) / 2 (U 0 e(t T kT0 )
I 0 e(t kT0 ) ) / 2 eT0 (U 0 e T I 0 ) / 2 0 .

dC p 0 (u ) / du c p 0 h p 0 p 0 u
(1 h) / h / h, Denote by CT10 [T ,2T ] the set of T0 -periodic smooth
functions, where mT0 T for some positive integer m .
d 2C p 0 (u ) / du 2 (h 1)c p 0 h p 0 p 0 u (1 2h) / h / h 2 .
Introduce the function sets we look for periodic solution
Assumptions (C): u 0 p0 .
MU u CT10 [T ,2T ] : U (t ) U 0e (t T kT0 ) ,
u C ,
The minimal value of dC p 0 (u) / du is
MI 1
T0 [T ,2T ] : I (t ) 0 e (t T kT0 )

min dC p 0 (u ) / du : u 0 dC p 0 ( 0 ) / du

M L0 iL00 (t ) CT10 [T ,2T } : iL00 (t ) I L0 e (t T kT0 ) ,
c p0 h p0 p0 0
(1 h ) / h
/ h C p 0 0, ( p 0,1)
M C0 i C00 (t ) CT0 [T ,2T } :
1
iC00 (t ) I C0 e (t T kT0 ) ,
and then

0 qmin c p 0 / h 1 0 / p 0 q C p 0 (u ) M L1 i L10 (t ) CT0 [T ,2T } :
1
iL10 (t ) I L1 e (t T kT0 ) ,
c p 0 / h 1 u / p 0 c p 0 / h 1 0 / p 0 qmax . where t [T kT0 , T (k 1)T0 ] , k 0,1,2,...,m 1, I R0 , U 0 ,
Consequently C p 0 (u) is monotone increasing and I R1 , I 0 , T0 , are positive constants (chosen below) and
possesses a unique inverse function. Its explicit form can be T0 0 const.
obtained from the equation

Introduce the metrics
q c p0 / h 1 u / p0 u p0 1 c p0 / q h
k (U ,U ) max U (t ) U (t ) e(t kT0 T ) : t [T kT0 , T (k 1)T0 ] ,
and u C p10 (q) : qmin , qmax 0 , 0 ,
k ( I , I ) max I (t ) I (t ) e(t kT0 T ) : t [T kT0 , T (k 1)T0 ] ,
dC p10 (q) / dq
/ dq
p0d 1 c p0 / q h
/q ; p0hc hp 0 h 1
k (iL00 , iL00 )
dC p10 (q) / dq p0 hc hp0 / q h1 p0 h1 0 / p0 1) / h / c p0 .
( h

max iL00 (t ) iL00 (t ) e (t T kT0 ) : t [T kT0 , T (k 1)T0 ] ,
We have also
k (iC00 , iC00 )
dC p0 (u) / du c p0 h p0 p 0 0 (1h) / h / h M p ,
d C p 0 (u ) / du
2 2

max iC00 (t ) iC00 (t ) e (t T kT0 ) : t [T kT0 , T (k 1)T0 ] ,
k (iL10 , iL10 )
(12h) / h (h 1) / h 2 H p ( p 0,1).
c p0 h p0 p0 0
m

max iL10 (t ) iL10 (t ) e (t T kT0 ) : t [T kT0 , T (k 1)T0 ] ,
For L p 0 (i ) l ( p) n
n i we get k (iC10 , iC10 )

n 1
m m max iC10 (t ) iC10 (t ) e (t T kT0 ) : t [T kT0 , T (k 1)T0 ]
dL p 0 (i) / di nln( p 0)i n1; d 2 L p 0 (i) / di 2 (n 1)nln( p 0)i n2 ,
n1 n 2
(k 0,1,2,...,m 1) .
m m The set MU M I M L0 M C0 M L1 M C1 turns out into
dL p 0 (i) / di (n 1)nln( p 0) i (n 1)nln( p 0) i0
n2 n2
.
n2 n2
a complete uniform space with countable set of metrics
k 0,1,2,... (cf. [17]):
Assumptions (L): i i0

k (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ), (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 )
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Volume: 5 Issue: 6 1341 1352
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max k (U , U ), k ( I , I ), k (iL00 , iL00 ),
FI U , I , iL10 , iC10 (t ) [dU (t T ) / dt ]
k (iC00 , iC00 ), k (iL10 , iL10 ), k (iC10 , iC10 ) . [U (t T ) I (t )]( C11Z 0 ) 2[iL10 (t ) iC10 (t )] / C11 ,

V. OPERATOR PRESENTATION OF THE PERIODIC PROBLEM

FiL i ,i (t ) [C001(iC00 (t )) R0iL00 (t)] /[dL00(iL00 ) / diL00 ],
00 L00 C00

Now we formulate the main problem: to find a T0 -periodic FiC U , I , iC00 (t ) [U (t ) I (t T ) 2C001
(iC00 (t ))] / 2L01 ,
00
solution (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ) of the system (13) on the FiL iL10 , iC10 (t ) [C10
1
(iC10 (t )) R1iL10 (t )] /[dL10 (iL10 ) / diL10 ] ,
10

Fi U , I , iC (t ) [U (t T ) I (t ) 2C10
interval [T ,2T ] coinciding with prescribed T0 -periodic initial 1
(iC (t ))] / 2L11. and
functions U 0 (t ), I 0 (t ) on the initial interval [0, T ]: C10 10 10

U (t ) U 0 (t ), dU (t ) / dt dU 0 (t ) / dt , t [0, T ]; U (t T ), I (t T ), t [T ,2T ] are replaced by the initial

I (t ) I 0 (t ), dI (t ) / dt dI 0 (t ) / dt , t [0, T ] functions U0 (t ), I 0 (t ), t [0, T ] .

Lemma 1. If assumptions (L), (C), (IN), (U) are satisfied and
U 0 (T ) 0, I 0 (T ) 0;
(U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ) MU M I M L0 M C0 M L1 M C1
iL00 (T ) 0, iC00 (T ) 0, iL10 (T ) 0, iC10 (T ) 0.
then the functions
Remark 2. As in [17] one can shift the initial functions BU (t ), BI (t ), BiL (t ), BiC (t ), BiL (t ), BiC (t )
u0 ( x), i0 ( x) defined on the interval [0, ] along the 00 00 10 10

characteristic to the interval [0, T ]. are T0 -periodic.

The main difficulty is to define a suitable operator whose
Proof:Since FU U , I , iL00 , iC00 (t ) is T0 -periodic function
fixed point is a solution sought. We define the operator in the we have
following way: t T0 T kT0 T0

F U , I ,i ( s)ds FU U , I , iL
B ( BU (t ), BI (t ), BiL (t ), BiC (t ), BiL (t ), BiC (t )) , iC00 ( s )ds .
00 00 10 10 U L00 , iC00 00
such that on every interval [T kT0 ,T (k 1)T0 ] (k 0,1, 2,...) t T kT0

its components are defined by the formulas For t T0 [T (k 1)T0 , T (k 2)T0 ] we have

BU( k ) U , I , iL00 , iC00 (t ) : t [T (k 1)T0 , T (k 1)T0 ] and it is easy to verify that
T ( k 1)T0
BU( k ) U , I , iL00 , iC00 (t T0 ) BU( k 1) U , I , iL00 , iC00 (t ) .

t
t T kT0
FU U , I , iL00 , iC00 ( s)ds FU U , I , iL00 , iC00 ( s)ds Similarly we obtain the same relations for the other
T kT0
T0 T kT 0 components of the operator B.
BI( k ) U , I , iL10 , iC10 (t ): Lemma 1 is thus proved.
Lemma 2. If (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ) MU M I M L0 M C0 M L1 M C1
T ( k 1)T0

FI U , I , iL10 , iC10 (s)ds

t
t T kT0
FI U , I , iL10 , iC10 ( s)ds then the functions
T kT0
T0 T kT0 B U (t ), BI (t ), BiL00 (t ), BiC00 (t ), BiL10 (t ), BiC10 (t ) C 1
T0 [T ,2T ]
6
.
Bi( k ) iL00 , iC00 (t ): (14) Proof:We first prove that functions (14) are continuously
L00
T ( k 1)T0
differentiable.Indeed, the continuity follows from

FiL00 iL00 , iC00 (s)ds FiL00 iL00 , iC00 (s)ds

t
t T kT0 T ( k 1)T0

T kT0
T0 T kT0

BU( k ) U , I , iL00 , iC00 (T (k 1)T0 ) U , I , iL00 , iC00 (s)
FU

T kT0
Bi( k ) U , I , iC00 (t ) : T ( k 1)T0

FU U , I , iL00 , iC00 (s)ds 0 ,

C 00 T (k 1)T0 T kT0
T ( k 1)T0
U , I , iC00 U , I , iC00 (s)ds
t
t T kT0 T0

FiC
00
( s)ds
T0 FiC
00
T kT0
T ( k 1)T0
U , I , iL00 , iC00 (s)ds
T kT0 T kT0

Bi( k ) iL10 , iC10
L10
(t ): BU( k ) U , I , iL00 , iC00 (T (k 1)T0 ): FU
T ( k 1)T0
T ( k 1)T0 T ( k 2)T0
iL10 , iC10 ( s)ds FiL10 iL10 , iC10 (s)ds
t

U , I , iL00 , iC00 (s)ds 0,

t T kT0 T (k 1)T0 T (k 1)T0
FiL
10 T0

T0
FU
T kT0 T kT0 T ( k 1)T0

Bi( k ) U , I , iC10 (t ) : BU(0) (iR0L0 ,U , iR1L1 , I )(T )

C10
T ( k 1)T0 T T0

FiC10 U , I , iC10 FiC10 U , I , iC10 (s)ds, FU U , I , iL00 , iC00 (s)ds 0 ,

t T
t T kT0 T T
(s)ds FU U , I , iL00 , iC00 ( s)ds
T kT0
T0 T kT0
T0
T T

where

BU(0) U , I , iL00 , iC00 (T ) U 0 (T ) 0,

FU U , I , iL00 , iC00 (t ) [dI (t T ) / dt ]
[U (t ) I (t T )]( C01Z 0 ) 2[iL00 (t ) iC00 (t )] / C01 ,
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Volume: 5 Issue: 6 1341 1352
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T ( k 1)T0 Analogous reasoning leads to the seeking conclusion.This
BU( k ) U , I , iL
, i (T (k 1)T0 )
00 C 00 FU U , I , iL00 , iC00 ( s)ds means (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ) MU M I M L0 M C0 is a
T kT0 fixed point of B.
T ( k 1)T0 Conversely, let B have a fixed point
[T (k 1)T0 T kT0 ] / T0 F U , I , i
T kT0
U L00 , iC00 (s)ds 0 , (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ) MU M I M L0 M C0 M L1 M C1 .
Then
T ( k 1)T0 T ( k 1)T0

BU( k 1) U , I , iL00 , iC00 (T (k 1)T0 ) F U , I , i
U L00 , iC00 (s)ds FU U , I , iL 00

, iC00 ( s)ds
T ( k 1)T0 T kT0
T ( k 2)T0

T ( k 1)T0
[T (k 1)T0 T (k 1)T0 ] / T0
T ( k 1)T0
FU U , I , iL00 , iC00 ( s)ds 0 . dI (s T ) / dt U (s) I (s T ) 2Z0 (iL 00

( s) iC00 ( s)) / C01Z 0 ds
T kT0

For the rest components we can proceed in a similar way. I (T (k 1)T0 T ) I (T kT0 T )
The differentiability follows from
T ( k 1)T0 T ( k 1)T0

dBU( k ) U , I , iL00 , iC00 (T (k 1)T0 ) / dt
1 / C01Z 0 U ( s) ds

I ( s T ) ds
T ( k 1)T0 T kT
T kT0
F U , I , i (s)ds
0
FU U , I , iL00 , iC00 (T (k 1)T0 ) 1 / T0 U L00 , iC 00 T ( k 1)T0 T ( k 1)T0

T kT0
2 / C01
iL00 ( s ) ds iC00 ( s) ds
T ( k 2)T0 T kT
F U , I , i (s)ds
T kT0
FU U , I , iL00 , iC00 (T (k 1)T0 ) 1 / T0
0
U L00 , iC 00 T ( k 1)T0

2Z 0 ( I L0 I C0 ) / C01Z 0 e
T ( k 1)T0 T ( s T kT0 )
U 0 I 0e ds

(T (k 1)T0 )dBU( k 1) U , I , iL00 , iC00 / dt. T kT0
Lemma 2 is thus proved.
Lemma 3. The periodic problem (13) has a solution

(eT0 1) U 0 I 0e T 2Z 0 (2 I L0 2 I C0 ) / C01Z 0 ;
T ( k 1)T0
(U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ) MU M I M L0 M C0 M L1 M C1
iff the operator B has a fixed point (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ) F U , I , i
T kT0
I L10 , iC10 (s)ds
MU M I M L0 M C0 M L1 M C1 , that is, T ( k 1)T0

U BU U , I , iL00 , iC00 , I BI U , I , iL10 , iC10 , dU (s T ) / dt U (s t) I (s) 2Z (i 0 L10 ( s ) iC10 ( s )) / C01Z0 ds
iL00 BiL iL00 , iC00 , iC00 BiC00 U , I , iC00 ,
00
T kT0

Bi iL , iC , iC Bi U , I , iC .
T ( k 1)T0
iL10 L10 10 10 10 C10 10
U 0e T
I 0 2Z 0 ( I L0 I C0 ) / C11Z 0 e ( s T kT0 )
ds
Proof: Let (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ) MU M I M L0 T kT0

M C0 M L1 M C1 be a T0 -periodic solution of (13). Then

(e T0 1) U 0e T I 0 2Z 0 ( I L0 I C0 ) / C11Z 0 ;
integrating the first equation of (13) we have: T ( k 1)T0 T ( k 1)T0 1
(iC00 ( s )) R0iL00 ( s )
C00

t
Fi L iL00 , iC00 ( s )ds ds
U (t ) F U , I , i
T kT0
U L00 , iC00 (s)ds
T kT0
00
T kT0
dL00 (iL00 ) / diL00

T ( k 1)T0
T ( k 1)T0

FU U , I , iL00 , iC00 (s)ds e

( s T kT0 )
0 U (T (k 1)T0 ) (0 R0 I L0 ) / L00 ds (0 R0 I L0 )(0 R0 I L0 ) / L00 ;
T kT0 T kT0

T ( k 1)T0 T ( k 1)T0

FU U , I , iL00 , iC00 ( s)ds 0. F U , I , i (s)ds

iC00 C 00
T kT 0 T kT0
Therefore

FU U , I , iL
t T ( k 1)T0
U (t ) BU( k ) U , I , iL00 , iC00 (t ) , iC00 ( s)ds
U (s) I (s T ) 2C / 2L ds
1
00 00 (iC00 ( s )) 01
T kT0
T kT0
T ( k 1)T0
(t T kT0 ) / T0 U , I , iL
FU 00

, iC00 ( s)ds .
T kT0

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T ( k 1)T0 t t

FiC U , I , iC00 ( s )ds
00
iL10 (t )
T kT0

FiL iL10 , iC10 ( s)ds , iC10 (t ) :
10 F U , I , i (s)ds .
T kT0
iC10 C10
T kT0

T ( k 1)T0 Differentiating the last equalities we conclude that (13) has

U ( s) / 2L ds
1 T0 -periodic solution.
I ( s T ) 2C00 (iC00 ( s )) 01
T kT0
Lemma 3 is thus proved.
VI. MAIN RESULT
T ( k 1)T0

e
( s T kT0 ) Here we formulate the main result for existence-uniqueness
(U 0 I 0e T 2 0 ) / 2 L01 ds of a periodic solution.
T kT0 Theorem 1. Let conditions (U), (L), (C) and(IN) be

(eT0 1) (U 0 I 0e T 2 0 ) / 2L01 ; fulfilled. Then for sufficiently large 0 and T0 const
there exists a unique T0-periodic solution of (13).
T ( k 1)T0

FiL10 iL10 , iC10 (s)ds

Proof: We show that B maps MU M I M L0 M C0

T kT0 M L1 M C1 into itself. Indeed, for the first component we get
T ( k 1)T0 1
(iC10 ( s)) R1iL10 ( s ) 0 R1 I L1 e T0 1
U , I , iL00 , iC00 (s)ds
t
C10
dL10 (iL10 ) / diL10
ds
L10
; BU( k ) U , I , iL00 , iC00 (t ) FU
T kT0 T kT0

T ( k 1)T0 T ( k 1)T0

FiC U , I , iC10 ( s )ds
10

t T kT0
T0
FU U , I , iL00 , iC00 (s)ds
T kT0 T kT0

T ( k 1)T0

U (s T ) I (s) 2C /(2L dI (s T ) / dt U (s) I (s t ) 2Z0 (iL

t
1
10 (iC10 ( s )) 11) ds 10
( s) iC10 (s)) / C01Z 0 ds
T kT0 T kT0

(eT0 1)(U 0e T I 0 20 ) /(2L11) .

(eT0 1) U 0 I 0e T 2Z 0 ( I L0 I C0 ) / C01Z 0
t t
I (t T ) 1 / C01Z 0 I ( s T ) ds
T ( k 1)T0
U ( s ) ds
If we assume F U , I , i
T kT0
U L00 , iC00 ( s)ds 0 in view of T kT
0 T kT0


t t
T ( k 1)T0
2 / C01 iL00 ( s) ds iC00 ( s ) ds
lim
FU U , I , iL00 , iC00 (s)ds 0 we obtain a contradiction. T kT
0 T kT0


T kT0
T ( k 1)T0

(eT0 1) U 0 I 0e T 2Z 0 ( I L0 I C0 ) / C01Z 0
Consequently, F U , I , i
T kT0
U L00 , iC00 ( s)ds 0 .
I 0e T (t T kT0 )
e
U 0 I 0e T

2Z 0 ( I L0 I C0 ) / C01Z 0 e
t
( s T kT0 )
ds
T kT0
In a similar way we obtain
T ( k 1)T0
(eT0 1) U 0 I 0e T 2Z 0 ( I L0 I C0 ) / C01Z 0
FI U , I , iL10 , iC10 ( s)ds 0 , ,
I 0eT e (t T kT0 )
T kT

0
T ( k 1)T0 T ( k 1)T0 (e ( s T kT0 ) 1) U 0 I 0eT 2Z 0 ( I L0 I C0 ) / C01Z 0

FiL iL00 , iC00 ( s )ds 0 ,
00

FiC U , I , iC00 ( s )ds 0 ,
00
(eT0 1) U 0 I 0eT 2Z 0 ( I L0 I C0 ) / C01Z 0
I e U
T kT0 T kT0
(t T kT0 ) T T0 T
T ( k 1)T0 T ( k 1)T0 e e I 0e 2Z 0 ( I L0 I C0 ) /
iL10 , iC10 (s)ds 0, F U , I , i (s)ds 0 .
0 0

Fi L
10 iC10 C10 e (t T kT0 )U 0 ;
T kT0 T kT0

FI U , I , iL
t
Therefore BI( k ) U , I , iL10 , iC10 (t ) , iC10 ( s )ds
t
(s)ds , I (t ) FI U , I , iL10 , iC10 (s)ds ,
t 10

F U , I , i
T kT0
U (t ) U L00 , iC00
T ( k 1)T0

FI U , I , iL
T kT0 T kT0
(t T kT0 ) / T0 10
, iC10 ( s)ds
t t T kT0

iL00 (t )
T kT0

FiL iL00 , iC00 ( s)ds , iC00 (t )
00 F U , I , i (s)ds ,
T kT0
iC00 C00

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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 6 1341 1352
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T ( k 1)T0

dU (s T ) / dt U (s t ) I (s) 2Z (i
t
0 L10 ( s ) iC10 ( s )) / C01Z 0 ds e
( s T kT0 )
0 R1I L /(L10 )ds 1

T kT0 T kT0

(e T0
1) U 0e T
I 0 2Z 0 ( I L1 I C1 ) / C11Z 0
e
t
( s T kT0 )
2( 0 R1 I L1 ) / L10 ds

t

T (t T kT0 ) T ( s T kT0 )
U 0e e U 0e I 0 2Z 0 ( I L1 I C1 ) /(C11Z 0 ) e ds T kT0
T kT0
2(0 R1I L1 )(e (t T kT0 ) 1) / L10 I L1 e (t T kT0 ) ;
(e T0
1) U 0e T
I 0 2Z 0 ( I L1 I C1 ) / C11Z 0
U e
Bi( k ) U , I , iC10 (t )
e (t T kT0 )
0
T
e T0
U e
0
T

I 0 2Z0 ( I L1 IC1 ) /(C11Z0 ) C10

U (s T ) I (s) 2C10 (iC

t
e (t T kT0 ) I 0 ; 1
10
( s)) / 2 L11 ds
1
(iC00 ( s ))

t T kT0
C00 R0iL00 ( s)
Bi( k ) iL00 , iC00 (t ) ds
T ( k 1)T0

U (s T ) I (s) 2C10 (iC

L00
T kT0
dL00 (iL00 ) / diL00
1
(t T kT0 ) / T0 10
( s)) / 2 L11 ds
T ( k 1)T0 1
C00 (iC00 ( s )) R0iL00 ( s) T kT0
(t T kT0 ) / T0 ds
e
t
dL00 (iL00 ) / diL00 ( s T kT0 )
T kT0 U 0e T I 0 2 0 / 2 L11 ds
T kT0
0 R0 I L /(L00)ds
t

e
( s T kT0 )
T ( k 1)T0
T kT0
0

U 0e T I 0 2 0 / 2 L11 e ( s T kT0 )
ds
T ( k 1)T0 T kT0

( s T kT0 )
e 0 R0 I L /(L00)ds 0
e (t T kT0 )
e T0
(U 0e T
I 0 20 ) / 2L11 e (t T kT0 ) I C1 .
T kT0

t Consequently the operator Bmaps MU M I M L0 M C0

2( 0 R0 I L0 ) /(L00 ) e ( s T kT0 ) ds
M L1 M C1 into itself.
T kT0
It remains to show that B is contractive operator. Indeed,
2(e (t T kT0 ) 1)( 0 R0 I L0 ) / L00
BU( k ) U , I , iL00 , iC00 (t ) BU( k ) U , I , iL00 , iC00 (t )
2e (t T kT0 )
( 0 R0 I L0 ) / L00 I L0 e (t T kT0 ) ;
FU U , I , iL
t

Bi(Ck )
00
U , I , iC (t )
00

T kT0
00
, iC00 ( s) FU U , I , iL00 , iC00 ( s) ds

T ( k 1)T0

U (s) I (s /(2L FU U , I , iL
t
1 (t T kT0 ) / T0 , iC00 ( s) FU U , I , iL00 , iC00 ( s) ds
T ) 2C00 (iC00 ( s )) 01) ds 00
T kT0
T kT0

dI (s T ) / dt dI (s T ) / dt ds
t
T ( k 1)T0

U (s) I (s T ) 2C ds
1
(t T kT0 ) / T0 00 (iC00 ( s )) T kT0
T kT0
t t
(e (t T kT0 )
1)(U 0 I 0e T 2 0 ) /(2L01) C01Z 0 U ( s) U ( s) ds I ( s T ) I ( s T ) ds
T kT
T kT0
(eT0 1)(U 0 I 0e T 2 0 ) /(2L01)
0

t t
e (t T kT0 ) eT0 (U 0 I 0e T 20 ) /(2L01) e (t T kT0 ) I C0 ; (2 / C01) iL00 ( s) iL00 ( s) ds iC00 ( s) iC00 ( s) ds
T kT
0 T kT0
1
(iC10 ( s )) R1i L10 ( s )

t
C10

T ( k 1)T0
Bi( k ) i L10 , iC10 (t ) ds
L10
T kT0
dL10 (iL10 ) / di L10 dI (s T ) / dt dI (s T ) / dt ds
T kT0
T ( k 1)T0 1
C10 (iC10 ( s )) R1iL10 ( s)
T ( k 1)T0

T ( k 1)T0
(t T kT0 ) / T0 ds
T kT0
dL10 (iL10 ) / di L10 C01Z 0
U ( s) U ( s) ds I ( s T ) I ( s T ) ds

T kT
0 T kT0
0 R1I L /(L10 )ds
t

e
( s T kT0 )
1
T kT0

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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 6 1341 1352
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T ( k 1)T0 T ( k 1)T0 t

(2 / C01) iC00 ( s) iC00 ( s) ds e

( s T kT0 )
U (t T ) U (t T ) ds
T kT
iL00 ( s) iL00 ( s) ds
T kT
T kT0

0
t k (U ,U )eT k ( I , I ) 2Z0 (k (iL10 , iL10 ) k (iC10 , iC10 ) /(C11Z0 )
e
( s T kT0 )
I (t T ) I (t T ) ds T ( k 1)T0

e
( s T kT0 )
T kT0 ds

k (U ,U ) k ( I , I )e T

2Z 0 k (iL00 , iL00 ) k (iC00 , iC00 ) /(C01Z 0 ) T kT

e (t T kT0 ) k (U , U )e T (e (t T kT0 ) 1) / C11Z 0

I (k 1)T0 I (kT0 ) I (k 1)T0 I (kT0 )

k (U , U )e T k ( I , I ) 2Z 0 ( k (iL10 , iL10 ) k (iC10 , iC10 ))
T ( k 1)T0
k (U ,U )e T
k ( I , I ) 2Z 0 ( k (iL10 , iL10 ) k (iC10 , iC10 ))
e
( s T kT0 )
ds T0
T kT0 (e 1) / C11Z 0

k (U ,U ) k ( I , I )e T

2Z 0 k (iL00 , iL00 ) k (iC00 , iC00 ) /(C01Z 0 ) e (t T kT0 )
e T

eT0 e T 1 4Z 0 / Z 0C11
e (t T kT0 )
k ( I , I )e T

(e (t T kT0 )
1) /(C01Z 0 )
k (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ), (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 )

k (U ,U ) k ( I , I )e T 2Z 0 k (iL00 , iL00 ) k (iC00 , iC00 ) e (t T kT0 )

K I k (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ), (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ) .

eT0 1 k (U ,U ) k ( I , I )eT 2Z0 k (iL00 , iL00 ) k (iC00 , iC00 ) /(C01Z0 ) It follows

k BI( k ) U , I , iL10 , iC10 , BI( k ) U , I , iL10 , iC10

e (t T kT0 ) e T eT0 (1 e T 4Z 0 ) / Z 0
K I k (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ), (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ) .

k (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ), (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ) For the third component we obtain

e (t T kT0 ) KU k (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ), (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ) .
Bi( k ) iL00 , iC00 (t ) Bi( k ) iL00 , iC00 (t )
L00 L00
It follows

k BU( k ) U , I , iL00 , iC00 , BU( k ) U , I , iL00 , iC00 t 1
C00 (iC00 ( s)) R0iL00 ( s) 1
C00 (iC00 ( s)) R0iL00 ( s)

KU k (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ), (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ) .
dL00 (iL00 ) / diL00

dL00 (iL00 ) / diL00
ds
T kT0
T ( k 1)T0 1 1
For the second component we have C00 (iC00 ( s)) R0iL00 ( s) C00 (iC00 ( s)) R0iL00 ( s)
BI( k ) U , I , iL 10
, iC10 (t ) BI( k ) U , I , iL 10

, iC10 (t ) dL00 (iL00 ) / diL00

dL00 (iL00 ) / diL00
ds
T kT0

FI U , I , iL
t
1 1
, iC10 ( s) FI U , I , iL10 , iC10 ( s) ds
t
C00 (iC00 ( s)) R0iL00 ( s) C00 (iC00 ( s)) R0iL00 ( s)
T kT0
10 dL00 (iL00 ) / diL00

dL00 (iL00 ) / diL00

T kT0
T ( k 1)T0 1 1

FI U , I , iL C00 (iC00 ( s)) R0iL00 ( s) C00 (iC00 ( s)) R0iL00 ( s)

(t T kT0 ) / T0 , i ( s) FI U , I , iL10 , iC10 ( s) ds
10 C10
ds
T kT0 dL00 (iL00 ) / diL00 dL00 (iL00 ) / diL00
T ( k 1)T0 1 1
t
(iC00 ( s)) R0iL00 ( s) (iC00 ( s)) R0iL00 ( s)
dU (s T ) / ds dU (s T ) / ds ds
C00 C00
dL00 (iL00 ) / diL00

dL00 (iL00 ) / diL00

T kT0 T kT0
1 1
t t C00 (iC00 ( s)) R0iL00 ( s) C00 (iC00 ( s)) R0iL00 ( s)
1 / C11Z 0 U ( s T ) U ( s T ) ds I ( s ) I ( s ) ds
dL00 (iL00 ) / diL00

dL00 (iL00 ) / diL00
ds
T kT
0 T kT0
t t
t 1 R

1 1
t
(iC00 ( s)) C00 (iC00 ( s)) ds 0 iL ( s) iL00 (s) ds
(2 / C11) iL10 ( s ) iL10 ( s) ds iC10 ( s ) iC10 ( s ) ds
C00
L L00 T kT 00
00 T kT
T kT 0 0
T kT0 t

e
( s T kT0 )
T ( k 1)T0 0 di L0 0 / dL00 (iL0 0 ) diL0 0 / dL00 (iL0 0 ) ds
dU (s T ) / ds dU (s T ) / ds ds T kT0
T kT0 T ( k 1)T0

T ( k 1)T0 T ( k 1)T0
1 / L00 C 1 1
00 (iC0 0 ( s )) C00 (iC0 0 ( s )) ds
1 / C11Z 0 U ( s T ) U ( s T ) ds I (s) I ( s) ds T kT0
T kT
0 T kT0 T ( k 1)T0

(2 / C11)
T ( k 1)T0 T ( k 1)T0

( R0 / L00 ) i L00 ( s) iL00 ( s) ds

T kT 10 10
i L ( s ) i L10
( s ) ds iC ( s ) iC10
( s ) ds T kT0
T kT0

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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 6 1341 1352
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T ( k 1)T0

e(t T kT0 ) K I L k (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ), (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ) .
e
( s T kT0 )
0 diL00 / dL00 (iL00 ) diL00 / dL00 (iL00 ) ds 0

T kT0 It follows

k Bi( k ) iL00 , iC00 , Bi( k ) iL00 , iC00

t
00h1 0 / 00 ( h 1) / h /(c00 L00 ) iC ( s) iC00 ( s) ds L00
L00

T kT0
00

K I L k (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ), (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ) .
0

i
t
R0 / L00 L00 ( s) iL00 ( s) ds For the fourth component we have
T kT0
Bi( k )
C00
U , I , iC (t ) Bi(k ) U , I , iC (t )
00 C00 00
t
d 2 L00 (iL00 ) / diL200
0 dL00(iL ) / diL 2 iL00 ( s) iL00 ( s) ds
Fi U , I , iC (s) Fi U , I , iC (s)ds
t
T kT0 00 00 C00 00 C00 00
T ( k 1)T0 T kT0

00h1 0 / 00 ( h 1) / h /(c00 L00 ) iC00 ( s) iC00 ( s) ds
Fi U , I , iC (s) Fi U , I , iC (s)ds
T ( k 1)T0
T kT0 (t T kT0 ) / T0 C00 00 C00 00

T ( k 1)T0
i
T kT0
R0 / L00 L00 ( s) iL00 ( s) ds
t U (s) U (s) I (s T ) I ( s T ) C00
1 1
(iC00 (s)) C00 (iC00 (s))
T kT0
T ( k 1)T0
2 L01

L01
ds
d 2 L00 (iL00 ) / diL200 T kT0
0 dL00(iL00 ) / diL00 2
iL00 ( s) iL00 ( s) ds T ( k 1)T0
U (s) U ( s) I (s T ) I (s T ) C00
1 1
(iC00 (s)) C00 (iC00 (s))


T kT0
ds
2 L01 L01
(i
t
T kT0
00h1 0 / 00 ( h 1) / h
k C00 , iC00 ) /(c00L00 ) e

( s T kT0 )
ds

t

e
( s T kT0 )
T kT0
k (U ,U ) k ( I , I )eT /(2 L01) ds
e(s T kT )ds
t
R0 T kT0
k iL00 , iL00 0

L00
k (iC
t

00h1 0 / 00 e
T kT ( h 1) / h ( s T kT0 )
0
00
, iC00 ) /( L01c00 ) ds
m n 2 2
t

0 (n 1)nln(00) i0
/ L00 e( s T kT0 ) ds k iL00 , iL00 T ( k 1)T0
T kT0

n 2 T kT
0
k (U ,U ) k ( I , I )e T
/(2L 01) e
( s T kT0 )
ds
T ( k 1)T0

T kT0
00h1 0 / 00 ( h 1) / h k (iC00 , iC00 ) /(c00L00 ) e
( s T kT0 )
ds T ( k 1)T0

T ( k 1)T0
T kT0
00h1 0 / 00 ( h 1) / h k (iC00 , iC00 ) /( L01c00 ) e
( s T kT0 )
ds

e
T kT0
R0 / L00 k iL00 , iL00 ( s T kT0 )

T kT
ds

k (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ), (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 )
c /(2c L
0

T ( k 1)T0 e (t T kT0 )
1 1 e T
2 00h1 0 / 00 ( h 1) / h
00 01)
m n 2 2
/(2c L )
00

0 (n 1)nln(00) i0
n 2
/ L00


( s T kT0 )
e ds k iL00 , iL00 e T0

1 1 e T
c 00 2 00h1 0 / 00 ( h 1) / h
00 01
T kT0
e (t T kT0 )

k (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ), (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 )

e(t T kT0 )k (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ), (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ) ;
eT0 (1 eT )c00 200h1 0 / 00 ( h 1) / h /(2L01c00 )
[ h1
00 0 / p0 ( h 1) / h
] /( L00c p 0 ) ( R0 / L00 )
e (t T kT0 )
K IC
0
n 2 2

m

0 (n 1)nln(00) i0 / L00 /

k (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ), (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ) .
n2 It follows

(eT0 1) [ 00h1 0 / 00 ( h 1 / h) ] /( L00c00 ) ( R0 / L00 )
k Bi( k ) U , I , iC00 , Bi( k ) U , I , iC00

C00 C00
n 2 2

m
0 (n 1)nln(00) i0 / L00 / K I C k (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ), (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ) .

n2 0

Finally
e(t T kT0 )k (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ), (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 )

Bi( k ) i L10 , iC10 (t ) Bi(k ) iL
, iC10 (t )

eT0 [ 00h1 0 / 00 ( h 1) / h / c00 ] R0
L10 L10 10

F i
t

0
m
(n 1)nln(00) i0
n2
/ L00 / L00 i L10 L10 , iC10 ( s) Fi iL L10 10
, iC10 ( s ) ds
n2 T kT0

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T ( k 1)T0 T ( k 1)T0

F i (s) Fi iL 10h1 0 / 10 e
( h 1) / h
(t T kT0 ) / T0 , iC10 ( s) ds /(c10L10 )k (iC10 , iC10 ) ( s T kT0 )
ds
i L10 L10 , iC10 L10 10
T kT0
T kT0
T ( k 1)T0
t 1
C10 (iC10 ( s)) R1iL10 ( s) 1
C10 (iC10 ( s)) R1iL10 ( s) R1 / L10k (iL10 , iL10 ) e
( s T kT0 )

ds 0 R1I L1
dL10 (iL10 ) / diL10

dL10 (iL10 ) / diL10
ds
T kT0
T kT0
m T ( k 1)T0

T ( k 1)T0 n2
/ L10 e
1 1 ( s T kT0 )
C10 (iC10 ( s )) R1iL10 ( s ) C10 (iC10 ( s )) R1iL10 ( s ) [ (n 1)nln(10) i0 2
]k (iL10 , iL10 ) ds
dL10 (iL10 ) / diL10

dL10 (iL10 ) / diL10
ds n2 T kT0
T kT0
t
e(t T kT0 )k (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ), (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ) ;
10h1 0 / 10
( h 1) / h
/(c10 L10 ) iC10 ( s) iC10 ( s ) ds
10h 1 0 / 10 ( h 1) / h /(L10c10 )
T kT0

m
(n 1)nln(10) i0
n2
0 R1 I L1 /(L10

t 2
)
R1 / L10 iL ( s) iL10 ( s) ds 0 R1 I L1 n2

10
T kT0
R1 (1 ) / L10 (e T0 1) / 10h1 0 / 10 ( h 1) / h /( L10c10 )
t
d L10 (iL10 ) / diL210
2
e( s T kT0 )

dL10 (iL10 ) / diL10 2 10
iL ( s) iL10 ( s) ds



0 R1 I L1 [ (n 1)nln(10) i0

m
n2
/ L10
2

]
T kT0
n2

T ( k 1)T0
k (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ), (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 )

( h 1) / h
10h 1 0 / 10 /(c10 L10 ) iC10 ( s) iC10 ( s) ds

T ( k 1)T0
T kT0
e(t T kT0 ) eT0 10h1 0 / 10 ( h 1) / h

/ c10 R
R1 / L10 iL 10

( s) iL10 ( s) ds 0 R1 I L1
0 R1I L1 [ (n 1)nln(10) i0 n 2 / L102 ] / L10
m

T kT0
n2
T ( k 1)T0
d 2 L10 (iL10 ) / diL210 e (t T kT0 )

K I L k (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ), (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ) .
e( s T kT0 )
dL10 (iL10 ) / diL10 2
iL10 (s) iL10 (s) ds
It follows
1
T kT0

10h1 0 / 10 ( h 1) / h /(c10 L10 )

t

k Bi( k ) iL10 , iC10 , Bi( k ) iL10 , iC10
iC ( s) iC10 ( s ) ds L10 L10

10
T kT0 K I L k (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ), (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ) .
1

t
R1 / L10 iL10 ( s) iL10 ( s) ds 0 R1 I L1 Further we have

m
T kT0
t
Bi( k )
C10
U , I , iC (t ) Bi(k ) U , I , iC (t )
10 C10 10

(n 1)nln(10) i0
n2
[ / L10 e( s T kT0 ) iL10 ( s) iL10 ( s) ds
2
]

Fi U , I , iC (s) Fi U , I , iC (s)ds
t
n2 T kT0
C10 10 C10 10
T ( k 1)T0
T kT0
10h1 0 / 10 ( h 1) / h
/(c10 L10 ) iC10 ( s) iC10 ( s) ds

Fi U , I , iC (s) Fi U , I , iC (s)ds
T ( k 1)T0
T kT0
T ( k 1)T0
t T kT0 / T0

C10 10 C10 10
T kT0
R1 / L10 iL10 (s) iL10 (s) ds 0 R1I L1
T kT0 t t
T ( k 1)T0 (1 / 2 L11) U ( s T ) U ( s T ) ds I ( s) I ( s) ds
m
T kT
(n 1)nln(10) i0
n2
[ / L10 iL10 (s) iL10 (s) ds
2 T kT0
] 0

n2 T kT0 t

C10 (iC
1 1
t ( s)) C10 (iC10 ( s)) /( L11)ds
10h1 0 / 10
10

e
( h 1) / h
/(c10 L10 ) k (iC10 , iC10 ) ( s T kT0 )
ds T kT0
T kT0 T ( k 1)T0 T ( k 1)T0
(1 / 2 L11)
U ( s T ) U ( s T ) ds I ( s) I ( s) ds

t
R1 / L10 k (iL10 , iL10 ) e T kT
( s T kT0 )
ds 0 R1 I L1 0 T kT0
T kT0
T ( k 1)T0

t 1 1
m
(1 / L11) C10 (iC10 ( s)) C10 (iC10 ( s)) ds
(n 1)nln(10) i0
n2
/ L10 e
( s T kT0 )
[ 2
]k (iL10 , iL10 ) ds
T kT0
n2 T kT0

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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
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t t KU e T e T0 [(1 e T ) / Z 0 ] 4 / C01 1 ;
(1 / 2 L11) U ( s T ) U ( s T ) ds
I ( s ) I ( s) ds
T kT



KI e T
e T0
[(1 e T

) / Z 0 ] 4 / C11 1;
(
0 T kT0
T0 ( h 1) / h
t KI L e 00h / c00 )[( 00 0 ) / 00 ] R0
10h1 0 / 10 ( h 1) / h

0
/( L11c10 ) iC10 ( s) iC10 ( s) ds
n 2
m
T kT0 ( 0 / L00 ) (n 1)nl ( 00)
n i0 / L00

1;
T ( k 1)T0 T ( k 1)T0 n 2

(1 / 2 L11)
T kT
U ( s T ) U ( s T ) ds I ( s) I ( s) ds

K I C eT0 [(1 e T ) / 2]
T kT0 0

T ( k 1)T0 ( 00h / c00 )[( 00 0 ) / 00 ]( h 1) / h / L01 1;

10h1 0 / 10 ( h 1) / h
/( L11c10 )
T kT0
iC10 ( s) iC10 ( s) ds KIL e
1
T0
{ 10h[( 10 0 ) / 10 ] ( h 1) / h
/ c10} R1

c10 (k (U ,U )eT k ( I , I )) 210h1 0 / 10 ( h 1) / h k (iC10 , iC10 ) m
( 0 / L10 ) (n 1)nln(10) i0
n2
/ L10 1;
n2
t T ( k 1)T0
e( s T kT0 ) ds e( s T kT0 ) ds /(2 L11c10 )
T kT 1

K I C eT0 [( e T 1) / 2]
0 T kT0
{10h[( 10 0 ) / 10 ]( h 1) / h / c10} / L11 1.

c10 (e T
1) 210h1 0 / 10 ( h 1) / h
(e (t T kT0 )
1) For a transmission line with length 10m ;

k (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ), (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ) /(L11c10 ) C 80 pF m L 0,45 H m ; LC 6.10 9
,

c10 (e T
1) 210h1 0 / 10 ( h 1) / h
(e T0
1) Z 0 L / C 75 ; v 1 / 6.109 1,66.108. Then

k (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ), (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ) /(L11c10 ) 8
T LC 6.10 sec .Let us check the propagation of waves

e (t T kT0 ) e T0 c10 (e T 1) 210h1 0 / 10 ( h 1) / h with 0 1 / 610 3 m. We have f 0 1 / 0 LC 1012 Hz

k (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ), (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ) /(L11c10 ) T0 1 / f 0 10 12
. We choose 10 , then T0 0 1 and
12

8
e6.10 0
4
e(t T kT0 ) T 6.10 .2.10 T0 12.104.T0 m 12.104 ;
12
;

KC1 k (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ), (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ) . T 10 .6.10 12 8
6.10 . 4

It follows Let us take

C00 (u) C10 (u) c00 / 1 u / 00 c10 10 / 10 u ,

k Bi( k ) U , I , iC10 , Bi( k ) U , I , iC10

C10

where h 2 ; R0 R1 35 ; c00 c10 50 pF 5.1011F ;
C10

K I C k (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ), (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ) . 0 0,2; and 00 10 0,4 V ; U 0 0 0,4 ;

1
Denoting by K max KU , K I , K I L , K I C , K I L , K I C 1 C01 C11 50.1012 F .We choose
0 0 1 1
and
BU BU U , I , iL00 , iC00 ,...,BiC 10
BiC
10
U , I , iC10 we L00(i ) L10(i ) 3i 1/ 12i 3 . Then dL00 (i) / di 3 0,25i 2 .

, For i0 1 we obtain 3 0,25i 2 3 0,25 2,75 and then

obtain
k BU , BI , Bi L , BiC , Bi L , BiC

B , B , B
3

(n 1)nl
00 00 10 10
n 2
, BiC , Bi L , BiC
( 00)
n i0 0,5 ; L00 L10 2,75. If we choose
U I iL
00 00 10 10 n 2

Kk (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ), (U , I , iL00 , iC00 , iL10 , iC10 ) . U0 I 0 I L0 IC0 I L1 IC1 and replace 0 by U 0 or I 0 in
Therefore Bhas a unique fixed point which is a periodic the above inequalities we get e(U 0 I 0 ) / 2 0,2; c I C0 ;

solution of (13).
Theorem 1 is thus proved. (e / 1012.50.10 12 ) (U 0 / 75) 2I L0 2I C0 U 0 ;

VII. NUMERICAL EXAMPLE

(e / 1012.50.10 12 ) ( I 0 / 75) 2I L1 2I C1 I 0 ;
Here we collect all inequalities guaranteeing the existence- 2(U 0 35I L0 ) /(10 .2,75) I L0 ; 2( I 0 35I L10 ) /(1012.2,75) I L1 ;
12
uniqueness result:
eI 0 I 0 / 2 /(1012.2,75) I C1
e0 (U I ) / 2 ; 2( R I ) /(L ) I ; 2( R I ) / L I ;
0 0 0 0 0 L0 00 L0 0 1 L1 10 L1

or
I 0eT eT0 [(U 0 I 0eT ) / Z0 ] 2I L0 2IC0 / C01 U 0 ; U 0 0,2 / e; 2(1 35) /(1012.2,75) 1; e4 1/ 75 /(1012.50.1012 ) 1;
U 0eT eT0 [(U e 0
T
I 0 ) / Z0 ] 2I L1 2IC1 / C 11 I 0 ; e4 1 / 75 /(1012.50.1012 ) 1; e1 1/ 2 /(1012.2,75) 1;

; eT0 [(U 0 I 0eT ) / 2] 0 / L01 IC0 ; 2(1 35) /(1012.2,75) 1; e1 1 / 2 /(1012.2,75) 1;
; eT0 [(U e 0
T
I ) / 2] / L
0 0 11 I C1 ; KU K I 4e /(1012.50.10 12 ) 1 / 75 0,218 1 ;

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2,72 0,81,53 / 2 35 0,2.0,5 t U ( n) ( s T ) I ( n) ( s) C10
(iC ( s))
1 ( n )
K IL KIL 12 12 0,03 1 ;
12 iC( n 1) (t ) ds
10
11
0 1 2,75 10 .5.10 10 10 .2,75 10
2 L L
T kT0 11 11

e 81,53 / 2 T ( k 1)T0
( s T ) I ( n) ( s) C10 (iC10 ( s))
1 ( n )
K IC K IC 0,03 1 . Then K 0,218 1 . U
( n)
0 1 2,75 500 (t T kT0 ) / T0 2 L11

L11 ds,
T kT0
VIII. CONCLUSION
The solution can be obtained by successive approximations where
beginning with simple functions. Indeed,
k (U ( n 1) , I ( n 1) ,...),(U ( n ) , I ( n ) ,...)
t ( n)
I ( s T ) U (s) 2iL00 ( s) 2iC00 (s) ds
(n) (n) (n)
0,218 k (U
n
( 0)
,I ( 0)
,...),(U (1)
,I (1)

,...) /(1 0,218) , (k 0,1,2,...)
U ( n 1) (t ) I ( n) (t T )
C01Z 0 C01
T kT0
T ( k 1)T0 ( n )
I ( s T ) U ( s) 2iL00 ( s) 2iC00 ( s) ds ,
( n) ( n) ( n) REFERENCES
(t T kT0 ) / T0 C01Z 0 C01
T kT0 [1] L. De Broglie, Problemes de Propagations Guidees des ondes
Electromagnetiques, Gauthier-Villars,Paris, 1941.
t ( n)
U ( s T ) I ( s) 2iL10 ( s) 2iC10 ( s) ds
(n) ( n) (n)

C. A. Holt, Introduction to Electromagnetic Fields and Waves, J.
I ( n 1) (t ) U ( n) (t T )
[2]
C11Z 0 C11 Wiley &Sons, New York, 1963.
T kT0 [3] E. C. Jordan and K. G. Balmain, Electromagnetic Waves and
T ( k 1)T0 Radiating Systems, Prentice-Hall Inc., 1968.
U ( s T ) I ( s)
( n) (n) 2iL( n) ( s) 2iC( n) ( s)

(t T kT0 ) / T0 10 10
ds, [4] S. Ramo, J. R. Whinnery, and T. Duzer, Fields and Waves in
C11Z 0 C11 Communication Electronics, J.Wiley & Sons, Inc., New
T kT0 York,1994.
t 1 ( n )
C00 (iC ( s )) R0iL( n ) ( s ) [5] L. . Chua, C. A. Desoer, and E. S. Kuh, Linear and Nonlinear
i L( n 1) (t )
00 00
ds Circuits, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, USA, 1987.
00
dL00 (iL( n ) ) / di L00 [6] L. . Chua and Pen-Min Lin, Machine Analysis of Electronic
T kT0 00 Circuits. Energy, Moscow, 1980.
T ( k 1)T0 1 ( n )
C00 (iC ( s)) R0iL( n ) ( s) [7] S. Rosenstark, Transmission Lines in Computer Engineering,
(t T kT0 ) / T0 Mc Grow-Hill, New York, 1994.
00 00
ds ,
T kT0
dL00 (i L( n ) ) / di L00 [8] S. A. Maas, Nonlinear Microwave and RF Circuits, 2nd ed.,
00
Artech House, Inc., Boston London, 2003.

U
t
[9] D. K. Misra, Radio-Frequency and Microwave Communication
iC( n 1) (t ) (1 / 2 L01) ( n) 1 ( n )
( s) I ( n) ( s T ) 2C00 (iC ( s)) ds Circuits. Analysis and Design, 2-nd ed., University of
00 00
T kT0 Wisconsin-Milwaukee. J. Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2004.
T ( k 1)T0 [10] G. Miano and A. Maffucci, Transmission Lines and Lumped

U ds,
1 ( n ) Circuits, 2-nd ed., Academic Press, New York, 2001, 2010.
(t T kT0 ) /(2 L01T0 ) ( n)
(s) I ( n)
( s T ) 2C00 (iC ( s))
00 [11] F. Martn, Artificial Transmission Lines for RF and Microwave
T kT0 Applications, Wiley Series in Microwave & Optical
1 ( n ) Engineering, 2015.
t C10 (iC ( s )) R1iL( n ) ( s)
i L( n 1) (t ) ds [12] R. Singh, Circuit Theory and Transmission Lines, McGraw Hill
10 10
10
dL10 (i L( n ) ) / diL10 Education, 2013.
T kT0 10
[13] V. Makwana and B. Bhalja, Transmission Line Protection Using
T ( k 1)T0 1 ( n )
C10 (iC ( s )) R1iL( n) ( s) Digital Technology (Energy Systems in Electrical Engineering),
(t T kT0 ) / T0 1st ed., 2016 Edition, Springer, 2016.
10 10
ds ,
T kT0
dL10 (i L( n ) ) / di L10 [14] Dr. S. Ruikar, Electromagnetics and Transmission Lines, Nirali
10
Prakashan, 2016.
[15] R. A. Lundquist, Transmission Line Construction: Methods and
Costs, Forgotten Books, 2015.
[16] S. Kalaga and P. Yenumula, Design of Electrical Transmission
Lines: Structures and Foundations, CRC Press, 2016.
[17] V. G. Angelov, A Method for Analysis of Transmission Lines
Terminated by Nonlinear Loads, Nova Science, New York,
2014.

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