the large, cryogenic wind tunnels will soon becone available for generating full scale Ry data on buch a staple eonfsguration as the circular cylinder. In the folloving presentation, In-Line effects of wind vill be first considered. Itteatéon is nainly focussed on B.C.C. Chinneys since practically all the considerations apply fo steci end ether Ghinneys also. ‘This will be folloved by consideration of the transverse effects of vind and vrolyeanse interference. The presentation vill be concluded by an assessment of whet sub-critical hRodel studies can be expected to yseld and cove of the problens that still needs to be examined nore thoroughly. {DW LINE EFFECTS OF WIND ‘The force that 1s iaposed on the chimney in the direction of wind is the drag force, which can be taken to be varying with tine aince the atwospheric wind is rarely, if ever, steady. The simpler, deteraisistic nethod and the nore realistic but involved probabilistic methods are described below. Deter 12 of Drag toa The nistic method, also caled "peak gust method", 1s given in all codes of practice. llere, © design wind speed Vq ia specified and the drag force is calculated as Drag Force = Cy (1/29 V2, a Where Gy 1s the drag coefficient and 9 is the density of air. Application of the above simple Gxpressidn, while very clear in the stesdy flow obtaining in wind tunnels, poses difficulties when the unsteady vind of the atmosphere is considered, This is compounded by the fact that Cy £s not only a function of Ry but aleo of the surface Foughsess (Fig.l), and perhaps aildly, of the taper of Figs1. Drag cosfficient of cylinders vith various surface Roughsess (from ESD) the chimney. Since chianeys of circular cross-sections are constructed using slip-foras or junp~ forms vith a number of petals, they are really s-aided figures vith rounded corners, While a ray- ech soon after the Lifting of the forms enoothene the ‘corners’ and surface finish, close inspection Of a number of chimneys by the author has iadicated noticeable polygonal shapes, Since the roughness height € + (which must include departure fron circularity), reaains essentially independent of the diameter Of the chinney, the following, expression 1s suggested for a suitable value of € /D. (E 0) = 0.001 (1 (0/30) ) for D< 30 a @ Ofer D> 30 = 8 Where D is the chimney diameter at 5/6 height in metres. Te is suggested that the values of Cy quoted for two d{zensional circular cylinders be used without corracting for the height to diameter ratio or the taper, since the reduction due to these factors ray be balanced by the n-sidedness of the cross-sectional shape and uncertainties in the estimation Of € 7D. On these bases, it appears that full scale Cy in steady flow can vary from 0.7 to 0.9, The specification of ¥y also poses sone difficulty, In some codes, it is the metimun three second Mind acting 211 long ‘the height (I5-4998, 1972). The possibility that extrene vind vill not occur Sil along the height simultaneously is allowed for in some codes by specifying some r lw